252:
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20:
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91:
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and many other areas related to bacteria like disease diagnostic testing. They can also work as medical scientists, veterinary scientists, or diagnostic technicians in locations like clinics, blood banks, hospitals, laboratories and animal hospitals. Bacteriologists working in public health or biomedical research help develop vaccines for public use.
389:
in 1854 in
Florence during the Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1846-63 and clearly linked the presence of the bacterium in the intestinal mucosa of dead cholera patients to the disease. Although Pacini's work was available to the international scientific community via French and English translations, the
177:
or other trained professional in bacteriology. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, as well as using their skills in clinical settings. This includes investigating properties of bacteria such as morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry, phylogenetics, genomics
880:
Torrico M, Casino P, LĂłpez A, PeirĂł S, RĂos M, RĂos S, Montes MJ, GuillĂ©n C, Nardi-Ricart A, GarcĂa-Montoya E, Asensio D, MarquĂ©s AM, PiquĂ© N (August 2022). "Improvement of
Mueller-Kauffman Tetrathionate-Novobiocin (MKTTn) enrichment medium for the detection of Salmonella enterica by the addition of
371:
at the time. After Lister's publications, which supported hand washing and sanitation with germ theory, doctors started sanitizing their hands in the 1870s; mandatory handwashing was not incorporated into common health practice until as late as the 1980s.
366:
In the 1840s, Semmelweis' observations and ideas surrounding sanitary techniques were rejected and his book on the topic condemned by the medical community due to its conflict with the prevailing theory and practice of
418:, and these postulates are still used today. Both Koch and Pasteur played a role in improving antisepsis in medical treatment. In 1870-1885 the modern methods of bacteriology technique were introduced by the use of
82:, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
355:
for animals against diseases caused by bacteria. The importance of bacteria was recognized as it led to a study of disease prevention and treatment of diseases by vaccines. Pasteur's research led to
123:
played a role into identifying the relationships between bacteria and specific diseases. Since then, bacteriology has played a role in successful advances in science such as bacterial vaccines like
394:
who rediscovered it in 1884. Koch is credited for introducing the science of microorganisms including bacteria to the medical field. Koch, a pioneer in medical microbiology, worked on
115:
to address the concerns relating to disease spreading in hospitals the 19th century. Identification and characterizing of bacteria being associated to diseases led to advances in
1053:
194:
The growth of bacteria in laboratory cultures is the mainstay method used by bacteriologists. Both solid and liquid culture media are used. Solid culture medium is usually
511:
216:
for its growth, blood (usually from a sheep or a horse) is added to the medium. When growing bacteria that are found in the intestines of mammals, such as
1258:
1069:"Osservazioni microscopiche e deduzioni patologiche sul cholera asiatico (Microscopic observations and pathological deductions on Asiatic cholera)"
66:
involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with
1390:
960:
996:
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began studying bacteria in 1870 and is also said to be a founder of bacteriology, as he was the first to classify bacteria based on their
626:
1856:
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251:
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111:
Bacteriology is the study of bacteria and their relation to medicine. Bacteriology evolved from physicians needing to apply the
1851:
1348:
577:
407:
1655:
601:
375:
The discovery of the connection of microorganisms to disease came later in the nineteenth century, when
Italian anatomist
202:. The constituents of the nutrient agar vary according to the bacteria under investigation. For growing the bacterium
1383:
1029:
716:
676:
507:
213:
569:
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425:
Though it had been known since the nineteenth century that bacteria are a cause of many diseases, no effective
245:
1254:
447:—into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen. Ehrlich was awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on
1376:
1021:
Childbed fever : a scientific biography of Ignaz
Semmelweis, with a new introduction by the authors
451:, and pioneered the use of stains to detect and identify bacteria, with his work being the basis of the
992:
975:
456:
406:. In his research into tuberculosis Koch finally proved the germ theory, for which he received a
302:
294:
255:
116:
1399:
1465:
536:
Pathogenic micro-organisms; a text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine
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204:
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120:
43:
935:
8:
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1555:
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486:
324:
266:
148:
28:
1297:
995:. LSU Law Center's Medical and Public Health Law Site, Historic Public Health Articles.
668:
1846:
1800:
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1025:
941:. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Sciences, The University of Memphis.
920:
908:
854:
722:
712:
672:
660:
573:
482:
422:, and by the method of separating mixtures of organisms on plates of nutrient media.
124:
866:
301:
of his own design. He then published his observations in a series of letters to the
1510:
1341:
Strickberger's
Evolution : the integration of genes, organisms and populations
1311:
1301:
1228:
1191:
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1111:
1103:
898:
890:
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664:
390:
discovery of the cholera-causing agent is often attributed to the German physician
356:
225:
534:
281:
1795:
1760:
1180:"Of blood, inflammation and gunshot wounds: the history of the control of sepsis"
385:
274:
186:
140:
894:
833:"Human lactoferrin receptor activity in non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae"
19:
1650:
1460:
1286:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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128:
24:
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developed the first antibiotic, by changing dyes that selectively stained
90:
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1415:
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440:
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344:
286:
132:
131:. Bacteriology can be studied and applied in many sub-fields relating to
1282:"Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms"
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1810:
1805:
1750:
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1675:
1640:
1635:
1605:
1565:
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903:
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306:
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95:
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339:, commonly associated with fermentation, are not bacteria, but rather
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1710:
1695:
1645:
1620:
1107:
831:
Vogel L, Geluk F, Jansen H, Dankert J, van Alphen L (November 1997).
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and divided prokaryotes into two evolutionary domains as part of the
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have a separate line of evolutionary descent from bacteria. This new
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1815:
1740:
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1600:
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99:
71:
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as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of
59:
51:
1024:. Barbara R. Carter. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.
782:
1830:
1560:
1430:
467:
415:
399:
395:
380:
47:
39:
462:
A major step forward in the study of bacteria came in 1977 when
1495:
414:, he set out criteria to test if an organism is the cause of a
363:
researching the importance of sanitized hands in medical work.
340:
655:
Kreuder-Sonnen, Katharina (2016). "History of
Bacteriology".
332:
305:. His observations also included protozoans, which he called
209:
79:
75:
936:"Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1828–1898): Pioneer of Bacteriology"
429:
treatments were available until the 20th century. In 1910,
23:
Scanning electron micrograph of
Escherichia coli, a common
1219:
Schwartz RS (March 2004). "Paul
Ehrlich's magic bullets".
783:"About | American College of Veterinary Microbiologists"
351:. Between 1880 and 1881 Pasteur produced two successful
1054:'Wash your hands' was once controversial medical advice
879:
830:
602:"Streak Plate Method - Principle, Types, Methods, Uses"
293:
Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist
565:
Methods and special applications in bacterial ecology
765:"Bacteriologist: Job Description, Duties and Salary"
741:"Bacteriologist: Job Description, Duties and Salary"
323:demonstrated in 1859 that microorganisms cause the
240:. For the history of bacterial classification, see
16:
Subdiscipline of microbiology that studies bacteria
1343:. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. p. 145.
1138:
961:"Ferdinand Cohn, a founder of modern microbiology"
533:MacNeal, Ward J.; Williams, Herbert Upham (1914).
526:
1184:The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery
1869:
650:
648:
646:
644:
623:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905"
532:
258:, the first person to observe bacteria using a
1141:"HIV causes AIDS: Koch's postulates fulfilled"
958:
654:
1384:
952:
641:
562:Poindexter, Jeanne Stove (30 November 1986).
555:
873:
327:process, and that this growth is not due to
824:
244:. For the natural history of Bacteria, see
1391:
1377:
561:
1857:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
1315:
1305:
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1195:
1115:
1089:
902:
848:
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1218:
1177:
1096:Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
280:
265:
250:
224:which contains, among other ingredients
185:
89:
18:
1398:
1139:O'Brien SJ, Goedert JJ (October 1996).
692:
690:
688:
347:, Pasteur was an early advocate of the
1870:
1066:
1017:
208:, for example, which is dependent on
1852:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1372:
1261:from the original on 28 November 2006
999:from the original on 18 December 2006
993:"Pasteur's Papers on the Germ Theory"
927:
696:
629:from the original on 10 December 2006
599:
508:"Bacteriology: the study of bacteria"
505:
236:For the history of microbiology, see
181:
1338:
685:
617:
615:
1221:The New England Journal of Medicine
811:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
669:10.1002/9780470015902.a0003073.pub2
13:
1280:Woese CR, Fox GE (November 1977).
948:from the original on 27 July 2011.
883:Journal of Microbiological Methods
881:ex situ-generated tetrathionate".
850:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12723.x
158:
102:spread by the streak plate method.
14:
1889:
1073:Gazzetta Medica Italiana: Toscana
933:
612:
514:from the original on 24 July 2011
214:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
1197:10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01983.x
539:. P. Blakiston's Sons. pp.
1332:
1247:
1212:
1171:
1132:
1090:Lakhtakia, R. (February 2014).
1083:
1060:
1046:
1011:
985:
799:
775:
343:). Along with his contemporary
271:Louis Pasteur in his laboratory
38:is the branch and specialty of
757:
733:
699:"Introduction to Bacteriology"
600:Dahal, Prashant (2022-08-28).
593:
499:
246:Last universal common ancestor
190:Salmonella growing on XLD agar
1:
1178:Thurston AJ (December 2000).
1157:10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80075-6
1145:Current Opinion in Immunology
711:Medical Branch at Galveston.
492:
297:in 1676, using a single-lens
106:
70:other than bacteria, such as
7:
1255:"Biography of Paul Ehrlich"
1092:"The Legacy of Robert Koch"
1079:(50, 51): 397–401, 405–412.
974:(8): 547–52. Archived from
895:10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106524
85:
10:
1894:
1018:Carter, K. Codell (2005).
235:
231:
162:
1839:
1406:
837:FEMS Microbiology Letters
1067:Pacini, Filippo (1854).
807:"Vaccines Working Group"
769:Best Accredited Colleges
1307:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088
959:Drews, Gerhart (1999).
303:Royal Society of London
295:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
256:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
117:pathogenic bacteriology
1466:Biological engineering
1057:, National Geographic.
701:. In Baron, S. (ed.).
349:germ theory of disease
329:spontaneous generation
290:
278:
263:
205:Haemophilus influenzae
191:
103:
32:
1551:Developmental biology
1526:Computational biology
1506:Cellular microbiology
284:
269:
254:
189:
93:
22:
1771:Reproductive biology
1656:Mathematical biology
1581:Evolutionary biology
1531:Conservation biology
704:Medical Microbiology
1556:Ecological genetics
1400:Branches of biology
1298:1977PNAS...74.5088W
1233:10.1056/NEJMp048021
709:University of Texas
487:three-domain system
457:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
149:veterinary medicine
1847:History of biology
1781:Structural biology
1766:Relational biology
1591:Generative biology
1586:Freshwater biology
1257:. Nobelprize.org.
697:Baron, S. (1996).
625:. Nobelprize.org.
436:Treponema pallidum
291:
279:
264:
242:Bacterial taxonomy
192:
182:Culturing bacteria
145:bacterial genetics
104:
33:
1865:
1864:
1786:Synthetic biology
1666:Molecular biology
1521:Cognitive biology
1350:978-0-7637-0066-9
663:. pp. 1–11.
579:978-0-306-42346-8
506:Wassenaar, T. M.
483:16S ribosomal RNA
412:Koch's postulates
125:diphtheria toxoid
121:Koch's postulates
42:that studies the
29:research organism
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1511:Chemical biology
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981:on 13 July 2017.
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707:(4th ed.).
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466:recognised that
357:Ignaz Semmelweis
226:deoxycholic acid
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1796:Systems biology
1761:Quantum biology
1402:
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1339:Hall B (2008).
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1292:(11): 5088–90.
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510:. www.mmgc.eu.
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386:Vibrio cholerae
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159:Bacteriologists
141:water pollution
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572:. p. 87.
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477:came from the
377:Filippo Pacini
311:Ferdinand Cohn
273:, painting by
233:
230:
183:
180:
175:microbiologist
171:bacteriologist
165:Bacteriologist
163:Main article:
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137:marine biology
129:tetanus toxoid
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68:microorganisms
25:human pathogen
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1716:Pharmacology
1706:Parasitology
1701:Paleontology
1681:Neuroscience
1661:Microbiology
1571:Epidemiology
1541:Cytogenetics
1501:Cell biology
1481:Biosemiotics
1471:Biomechanics
1451:Biogeography
1446:Biochemistry
1441:Bacteriology
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1821:Virophysics
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1691:Ornithology
1631:Ichthyology
1616:Herpetology
1611:Gerontology
1576:Epigenetics
1536:Cryobiology
1426:Agrostology
1416:Aerobiology
1411:Abiogenesis
1265:26 November
1003:23 November
904:2445/189169
787:www.acvm.us
633:22 November
441:spirochaete
408:Nobel Prize
392:Robert Koch
345:Robert Koch
307:animalcules
287:Robert Koch
133:agriculture
113:germ theory
1811:Toxicology
1806:Teratology
1751:Proteomics
1736:Physiology
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889:: 106524.
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792:2022-12-14
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493:References
479:sequencing
464:Carl Woese
453:Gram stain
449:immunology
383:bacterium
315:morphology
299:microscope
285:Statue of
260:microscope
218:salmonella
200:petri dish
107:Definition
96:agar plate
44:morphology
1726:Phycology
1711:Pathology
1696:Osteology
1686:Nutrition
1646:Mammalogy
1621:Histology
921:249877386
745:Study.com
289:in Berlin
228:is used.
1872:Category
1840:See also
1816:Virology
1801:Taxonomy
1741:Pomology
1671:Mycology
1601:Genomics
1596:Genetics
1421:Agronomy
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1259:Archived
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475:taxonomy
455:and the
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222:XLD agar
100:bacteria
86:Overview
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1431:Anatomy
1294:Bibcode
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585:18 June
547:18 June
518:18 June
468:archaea
416:disease
400:anthrax
396:cholera
381:cholera
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232:History
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