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353:, commensal bacteria common in the human gut. Antibiotic treatment altered vesicle dynamics, vesicle-to-membrane affinity, and surface properties of the cell membranes, generally enhancing vesicle transport along the surfaces of bacterial membranes and suggesting that their motion properties could be a signature of antibiotic stress. Despite this first high-resolution, quantitative tracking of bacterial OMVs, detailed experimental work is still awaited to understand the
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factors) to accomplish a specific job and yet, keeping a safe-distance from the defense arsenal of the targeted cells. Biochemical signals trafficked by OMVs may vary largely during 'war and peace' situations. In 'complacent' bacterial colonies, OMVs may be used to carry DNA to 'related' microbes for genetic transformations, and also translocate
650:
Tulkens, Joeri; Vergauwen, Glenn; Van Deun, Jan; Geeurickx, Edward; Dhondt, Bert; Lippens, Lien; De
Scheerder, Marie-Angélique; Miinalainen, Ilkka; Rappu, Pekka; De Geest, Bruno G; Vandecasteele, Katrien; Laukens, Debby; Vandekerckhove, Linos; Denys, Hannelore; Vandesompele, Jo; De Wever, Olivier;
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of outer membrane above the peptidoglycan layer. Accumulation of phospholipids in the outside of the outer membrane is thought to be the basis of this outwards bulging of the outer membrane. This accumulation of phospholipids can be regulated by the VacJ/Yrb ABC transport system that transfers
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that may contribute to disease processes in their host. This mechanism imparts a variety of benefits like, long-distance delivery of bacterial secretory cargo with minimized hydrolytic degradation and extra-cellular dilution, also supplemented with other supportive molecules (e.g., virulence
343:
The actual release of the vesicle from the outer membrane remains unclear. It is likely that vesicle structures can be released spontaneously. Alternatively, it has been suggested that few proteins 'rivet' the outer and cell membranes together, so that the periplasmic bulge protrudes like a
251:(Fig. 1). It is expected that environmental factors around the secretory microbes are responsible for inducing these bacteria to synthesize and secrete specifically-enriched OMVs, physiologically suiting the immediate task. Thus, bacterial OMVs, being strong
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layer, which surrounds the cell membrane and occupies the periplasmic space. The peptidoglycan layer provides some rigidity for maintaining the bacterial cell shape, besides also protecting the microbe against challenging environments.
340:
phospholipids from the outside of OM to the inner side. Additionally, environmental conditions as sulfur depletion can trigger a state of phospholipid overproduction that causes increased OMV release.
1025:
Roier, Sandro; Zingl, Franz G.; Cakar, Fatih; Durakovic, Sanel; Kohl, Paul; Eichmann, Thomas O.; Klug, Lisa; Gadermaier, Bernhard; Weinzerl, Katharina; Prassl, Ruth; Lass, Achim (2016-01-25).
179:(OIMVs), which are gram-negative bacterial vesicles containing portions of both the outer and inner bacterial membrane. Outer membrane vesicles were first discovered and characterized using
247:
formation. During 'challenge' from other cell types around, OMVs may be preferred to carry degradation and subversion enzymes. Likewise, OMVs may contain more of invasion proteins at the
344:'ballooned' pocket of inflated periplasm out from the surface of the outer membrane. Lateral diffusion of 'rivet complexes' may help in pinching off large bulges of periplasm as OMVs.
172:
945:
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of OMVs from gram negative bacteria to dock on host epithelial cell membrane (microvilli), proposed to translocate signal molecules from pathogen to host cells at the
187:
Scientist Prof. Smriti
Narayan Chatterjee and J. Das in 1966-67. OMVs are ascribed the functionality to provide a manner to communicate among themselves, with other
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17:
1157:"Eucaryotic cell intoxication by Gram-negative organisms: A novel bacterial outermembrane-bound nanovesicular model for Type-III secretion system"
607:
Biller, S.J.; Schubotz, F.; Roggensack, S.E.; Thompson, A.W.; Summons, R.E.; Chisholm, S.W. (2014). "Bacterial vesicles in marine ecosystems".
843:
Acevedo, R; Fernandez, S; Zayas, C; Acosta, D; Sarmiento, ME; Ferro, VA; Rosenquvist, E; Campa, C; Cardoso, D; Garcia, L; Perez, JL (2014).
409:
90:
1092:"Sulfate depletion triggers overproduction of phospholipids and the release of outer membrane vesicles by Neisseria meningitidis"
653:"Increased levels of systemic LPS-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles in patients with intestinal barrier dysfunction"
230:
to secrete OMVs for trafficking bacterial biochemicals to target cells in their environment. OMVs also can carry endotoxic
50:
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Gerritzen, Matthias J. H.; Martens, Dirk E.; Uittenbogaard, Joost P.; Wijffels, René H.; Stork, Michiel (2019-03-18).
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434:
Toyofuku, Masanori; Nomura, Nobuhiko; Eberl, Leo (January 2019). "Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles".
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Transmission electron micrograph of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) (size 80–90 nm, dia) released by human pathogen
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1188:"Real-time tracking of bacterial membrane vesicles reveals enhanced membrane traffic upon antibiotic exposure"
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136:(riveting bacterial outer and cell membrane to allow pockets of periplasm to expand into POs). This allows
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Elhenawy, W.; Bording-Jorgensen, M.; Valguarnera, E.; Haurat, M.F.; Wine, E.; Feldman, M.F. (2016).
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168:
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487:"Electron microscopic observations on the excretion of cell-wall material by Vibrio cholerae"
124:. OMVs were proposed to be 'blown off' from large bacterial periplasmic protrusions, called
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1103:
1038:
1027:"A novel mechanism for the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria"
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53:. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Bacterial membrane vesicles' dispersion along the cell surface was measured in live
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975:"Biological functions and biogenesis of secreted bacterial outer membrane vesicles"
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of OMV biogenesis and transport. OMVs are also under focus of current research in
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are currently the only OMV vaccines approved in the US, though an OMV vaccine for
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794:"Virulence and immuno-modulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles"
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307:. Surrounding this inner cell membrane there is a second bilayer called the
175:(MVs). OMVs were the first MVs to be discovered, and are distinguished from
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release vesicles as well, those vesicles fall under the broader category of
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in their environment and with the host. These vesicles are involved in
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311:. The compartment or space between these two membranes is called the
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Vesicles released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria
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264:
260:
208:
946:"GSK's gonorrhoea vaccine receives FDA's 'fast-track' designation"
560:"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles: New insights and applications"
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in oceans, inside animals, plants and even inside the human body.
950:
896:"Outer membrane vesicles: A bacterial-derived vaccination system"
739:"LPS Remodeling Triggers Formation of Outer Membrane Vesicles in
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304:
244:
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128:(PO) with the help of 'bubble tube'-like assembly of about four
704:"Electron microscope studies of surface pili and vesicles of
845:"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications"
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and inter-relationships among variety of species in earth's
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204:
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for immunizing humans and animals against threatening
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369:for intra-species, inter-species and inter-kingdom
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558:Anand, Deepak; Chaudhuri, Arunima (2016-11-16).
557:
484:
1186:Bos J, Cisneros LH, Mazel D (January 2021).
291:Gram-negative bacteria have a double set of
410:List of bacterial disulfide oxidoreductases
373:, which is slated to change our mindset on
798:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
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219:molecules. This communication happens in
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894:Lieberman, Linda (21 December 2022).
335:of gram-negative bacterial OMVs, is
226:Gram-negative bacteria deploy their
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49:Relevant discussion may be found on
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991:10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073413
535:"INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail"
485:Chatterjee, S. N.; Das, J. (1967).
24:
1015:
25:
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792:Ellis, T.N.; Kuehn, M.J. (2010).
712:Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
18:Bacterial outer membrane vesicles
259:contents and utilized as potent
199:biochemicals, which may include
181:transmission-electron microscopy
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34:
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651:Hendrix, An (5 December 2018).
491:Journal of General Microbiology
319:. In addition, there is a firm
255:, can be manipulated for their
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295:. An inner bilayer, the inner
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1:
979:Annual Review of Microbiology
577:10.1080/09687688.2017.1400602
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177:outer inner membrane vesicles
367:membrane vesicle trafficking
138:membrane vesicle trafficking
7:
973:Kulp, A; Kuehn, MJ (2010).
436:Nature Reviews Microbiology
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173:bacterial membrane vesicles
120:3,10:r:- in chicken ileum,
51:Talk:Outer membrane vesicle
10:
1276:
1116:10.1038/s41598-019-41233-x
913:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029146
670:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317726
564:Molecular Membrane Biology
400:Host–pathogen interactions
379:host–pathogen interactions
1175:– via academia.edu.
900:Frontiers in Microbiology
726:– via academia.edu.
663:(1): gutjnl–2018–317726.
448:10.1038/s41579-018-0112-2
43:This article needs to be
1260:Prokaryotic cell anatomy
1161:Toxicology International
862:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00121
309:bacterial outer membrane
273:VA-MENGOC-BC and Bexsero
849:Frontiers in Immunology
629:10.1126/science.1243457
504:10.1099/00221287-49-1-1
405:Host–pathogen interface
287:Biogenesis and movement
249:host–pathogen interface
149:Outer membrane vesicles
142:host–pathogen interface
1212:10.1126/sciadv.abd1033
1155:YashRoy, R.C. (2003).
702:YashRoy, R.C. (1993).
283:is seeking approval.
169:Gram-positive bacteria
165:Gram-negative bacteria
145:
126:periplasmic organelles
1031:Nature Communications
811:10.1128/mmbr.00031-09
760:10.1128/mbio.00940-16
73:
539:www.insaindia.res.in
98:improve this article
89:This caption is not
1204:2021SciA....7.1033B
1108:2019NatSR...9.4716G
1051:10.1038/ncomms10515
1043:2016NatCo...710515R
708:3,10:r:- organisms"
621:2014Sci...343..183B
1096:Scientific Reports
331:The first step in
232:lipopolysaccharide
221:microbial cultures
159:released from the
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130:type III secretion
615:(6167): 183–186.
317:periplasmic space
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1250:Bacteriology
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1169:. Retrieved
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1037:(1): 10515.
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985:: 163–184.
718:(2): 99–102
497:(1): 1–11.
363:prokaryotes
257:immunogenic
215:and allied
193:trafficking
100:if you can.
1244:Categories
741:Salmonella
706:Salmonella
544:2019-12-13
421:References
395:Exocytosis
365:via outer
359:exocytosis
333:biogenesis
277:meningitis
269:infections
213:endotoxins
195:bacterial
118:Salmonella
1124:2045-2322
1059:2041-1723
958:20 August
586:0968-7688
513:0022-1287
456:1740-1534
415:Virulence
383:ecosystem
375:virulence
321:cell wall
313:periplasm
301:cytoplasm
281:gonorrhea
228:periplasm
217:virulence
106:July 2017
59:June 2024
1230:33523924
1167:(1): 1–9
1142:30886228
1077:26806181
1009:20825345
932:36620013
881:24715891
830:20197500
779:27406567
689:30518529
637:24408433
594:29189113
472:53224716
464:30397270
389:See also
275:against
265:vaccines
261:pathogen
209:proteins
167:. While
157:vesicles
91:succinct
1221:7817102
1200:Bibcode
1133:6423031
1104:Bibcode
1068:4737802
1039:Bibcode
1000:3525469
951:Reuters
923:9811673
872:3970029
855:: 121.
821:2832350
770:4958258
680:6943244
617:Bibcode
609:Science
521:4168882
337:bulging
305:cytosol
245:biofilm
122:in vivo
96:Please
45:updated
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185:Indian
155:) are
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468:S2CID
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1173:2024
1138:PMID
1120:ISSN
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1055:ISSN
1005:PMID
960:2023
928:PMID
877:PMID
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775:PMID
747:mBio
724:2024
685:PMID
633:PMID
590:PMID
582:ISSN
517:PMID
509:ISSN
460:PMID
452:ISSN
243:and
153:OMVs
1216:PMC
1208:doi
1128:PMC
1112:doi
1063:PMC
1047:doi
995:PMC
987:doi
918:PMC
908:doi
867:PMC
857:doi
816:PMC
806:doi
765:PMC
755:doi
675:PMC
665:doi
657:Gut
625:doi
613:343
572:doi
499:doi
444:doi
361:in
315:or
303:or
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201:DNA
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