27:
1810:
1820:
403:
Bacterial outer membrane proteins typically have a unique beta barrel structure that spans the membrane. The beta barrels fold to expose a hydrophobic surface before their insertion into the outer membrane. Beta barrels vary in sequence and size that ranges from 8 to 36 beta strands. A subset of OMPs
500:. Lipid A is very pathogenic and not immunogenic. However, the polysaccharide component is very immunogenic, but not pathogenic, causing an aggressive response by the immune system. The sufferer will have a high temperature and respiration rate and a low blood pressure. This may lead to
476:
LptC is required for the translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. LptE forms a complex with LptD, which is involved in the assembly of LPS in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and is essential for envelope biogenesis.
404:
have a perisplasmic or an extracellular link to their beta barrel structure. An outer membrane protein is translocated across the inner membrane through ‘’Sec’’ machinery, and finally inserted to the outer membrane by the barrel assembly machinery complex.
711:
Knowles, Timothy J.; Scott-Tucker, Anthony; Overduin, Michael; Henderson, Ian R. (March 2009). "Membrane protein architects: the role of the BAM complex in outer membrane protein assembly".
370:
with key roles associated with bacterial cell structure and morphology; cell membrane homeostasis; the uptake of nutrients; protection of the cell from toxins including antibiotics; and
792:"The activity of a putative polyisoprenol-linked sugar translocase (Wzx) involved in Escherichia coli O antigen assembly is independent of the chemical structure of the O repeat"
422:
of the outer membrane requires that the individual components are transported from the site of synthesis to their final destination outside the inner membrane by crossing both
469:
blocks the LPS assembly pathway and results in very similar outer membrane biogenesis defects. Moreover, the location of at least one of these five proteins in every
269:
124:
921:
Polissi A, Georgopoulos C (June 1996). "Mutational analysis and properties of the msbA gene of
Escherichia coli, coding for an essential ABC family transporter".
446:
MsbA that flips the lipid A-core moiety from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the inner membrane. O-antigen repeat units are then polymerised in the
442:
face of the inner membrane and are separately exported via two independent transport systems, namely, the O-antigen transporter Wzx (RfbX) and the
379:
225:
213:
1073:"Functional analysis of the protein machinery required for transport of lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli"
465:
transport machinery is composed of LptA, LptB, LptC, LptD, LptE. This supported by the fact that depletion of any one of these
1181:"Identification of an outer membrane protein required for the transport of lipopolysaccharide to the bacterial cell surface"
289:
144:
1749:
1516:
1256:
1877:
505:
966:"Function of Escherichia coli MsbA, an essential ABC family transporter, in lipid A and phospholipid biosynthesis"
1506:
1433:
1122:"Identification of a protein complex that assembles lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli"
332:- among other things, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex
1630:
1361:
536:
277:
132:
521:
430:
compartments. The machinery and the energy source that drive this process are not yet fully understood. The
541:
509:
1071:
Sperandeo P, Lau FK, Carpentieri A, De Castro C, Molinaro A, Deho G, Silhavy TJ, Polissi A (July 2008).
1471:
504:, which may be fatal. The bacterial outer membrane is physiologically shed as the bounding membrane of
273:
128:
512:, implicated in translocation of gram-negative microbial biochemical signals to host or target cells.
1882:
1872:
1823:
408:
1548:
1511:
1307:
1701:
1620:
1599:
1249:
349:
306:
664:"Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Are Targeted to the Bam Complex by Two Parallel Mechanisms"
1741:
1383:
1032:
386:
833:"An O-antigen processing function for Wzx (RfbX): a promising candidate for O-unit flippase"
1581:
1456:
1439:
1277:
1192:
1133:
389:
and lipoproteins. The transmembrane proteins form channels or pores in the membrane called
256:
111:
8:
1706:
1591:
1586:
1479:
1449:
1302:
1287:
563:"Molecular mechanism of phospholipid transport at the bacterial outer membrane interface"
1196:
1137:
587:
562:
1736:
1635:
1444:
1356:
1349:
1156:
1121:
1097:
1072:
1041:
1016:
946:
934:
767:
742:
688:
663:
494:
490:
462:
333:
218:
1215:
1180:
857:
832:
790:
Feldman MF, Marolda CL, Monteiro MA, Perry MB, Parodi AJ, Valvano MA (December 1999).
636:
611:
1813:
1676:
1642:
1609:
1466:
1461:
1419:
1366:
1242:
1220:
1161:
1102:
1046:
997:
938:
903:
862:
813:
772:
693:
641:
592:
473:
suggests a model for how the LPS assembly pathway is organised and ordered in space.
264:
119:
20:
950:
848:
627:
182:
60:
1528:
1404:
1339:
1210:
1200:
1151:
1141:
1092:
1084:
1036:
1028:
987:
977:
930:
893:
852:
844:
803:
762:
754:
720:
683:
675:
631:
623:
582:
574:
470:
371:
367:
252:
107:
230:
206:
73:
1858:
1844:
1754:
1653:
1538:
1414:
1344:
1297:
443:
390:
355:
194:
85:
1120:
Wu T, McCandlish AC, Gronenberg LS, Chng SS, Silhavy TJ, Kahne D (August 2006).
1409:
1373:
758:
610:
van der Ley P, Heckels JE, Virji M, Hoogerhout P, Poolman JT (September 1991).
578:
378:
formation. There are a number of outer membrane proteins that are specifically
396:
The outer membranes of a bacterium can contain a huge number of proteins. In
1866:
1763:
1648:
1604:
1576:
1567:
1557:
1533:
1429:
982:
965:
808:
791:
345:
329:
314:
310:
1205:
1146:
1793:
1778:
1658:
1399:
1317:
1265:
1224:
1165:
1106:
1050:
907:
898:
881:
817:
776:
697:
596:
1001:
942:
866:
679:
645:
26:
1681:
1234:
501:
427:
423:
328:
The composition of the outer membrane is distinct from that of the inner
1088:
724:
1788:
1773:
1691:
1424:
992:
526:
451:
419:
1783:
1614:
1572:
1484:
1378:
447:
439:
435:
337:
322:
318:
710:
1854:
1840:
1292:
1269:
189:
80:
964:
Zhou Z, White KA, Polissi A, Georgopoulos C, Raetz CR (May 1998).
385:
Outer membrane proteins consist of two major classes of protein -
1722:
1686:
1322:
609:
486:
466:
431:
375:
1070:
1768:
1523:
612:"Topology of outer membrane porins in pathogenic Neisseria spp"
455:
284:
139:
1696:
531:
497:
963:
1850:
1836:
789:
246:
201:
177:
101:
67:
55:
1178:
1119:
741:
Sun J, Rutherford ST, Silhavy TJ, Huang KC (April 2022).
740:
1179:
Bos MP, Tefsen B, Geurtsen J, Tommassen J (June 2004).
1849:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
1835:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
882:"An Escherichia coli mutant defective in lipid export"
400:
for example there are around 500,000 in the membrane.
743:"Physical properties of the bacterial outer membrane"
661:
920:
454:and ligated to the lipid A-core moiety by the WaaL
321:, and an outer membrane (OM) that encapsulates the
879:
508:in cultures, as well as in animal tissues at the
1864:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
317:- an inner membrane (IM) that encapsulates the
16:Plasma membrane found in gram-negative bacteria
1014:
880:Doerrler WT, Reedy MC, Raetz CR (April 2001).
662:Wang X, Peterson JH, Bernstein HD (May 2021).
1250:
830:
489:, part of the lipopolysaccharide, enters the
1172:
1113:
1057:
1008:
957:
873:
783:
560:
1264:
1257:
1243:
914:
824:
603:
361:
1214:
1204:
1155:
1145:
1096:
1040:
991:
981:
897:
856:
807:
766:
687:
635:
586:
493:it causes a toxic reaction by activating
37:Lipopolysaccharide-assembly, LptC-related
1033:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414
831:Liu D, Cole RA, Reeves PR (April 1996).
561:Yeow J, Luo M, Chng SS (December 2023).
480:
393:, and actively pumping efflux channels.
30:Structure of gram-negative cell envelope
25:
1865:
704:
657:
655:
444:ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter
1238:
736:
734:
1819:
438:repeat units are synthesized at the
652:
554:
374:including adhesins, exotoxins, and
13:
935:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02642.x
731:
309:. Gram-negative bacteria form two
14:
1894:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1507:Bacterial cellular morphologies
1017:"Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins"
849:10.1128/jb.178.7.2102-2107.1996
628:10.1128/IAI.59.9.2963-2971.1991
340:- and in some bacteria such as
336:whose lipid portion acts as an
1015:Raetz CR, Whitfield C (2002).
537:Outer membrane efflux proteins
1:
547:
413:
241:Available protein structures:
96:Available protein structures:
1185:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1126:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
542:Outer mitochondrial membrane
366:Outer membrane proteins are
358:can be found in this layer.
7:
713:Nature Reviews Microbiology
515:
344:it is linked to the cell's
159:Lipopolysaccharide-assembly
10:
1899:
1848:
1834:
1750:Bacteria (classifications)
1472:Primary nutritional groups
759:10.1038/s41579-021-00638-0
579:10.1038/s41467-023-44144-8
406:
18:
1804:
1735:
1715:
1667:
1556:
1547:
1499:
1392:
1330:
1316:
1276:
522:Host–pathogen interaction
409:Phosphate-selective porin
330:cytoplasmic cell membrane
283:
263:
245:
240:
236:
224:
212:
200:
188:
176:
168:
163:
158:
138:
118:
100:
95:
91:
79:
66:
54:
46:
41:
36:
1878:Prokaryotic cell anatomy
1626:Bacterial outer membrane
983:10.1074/jbc.273.20.12466
809:10.1074/jbc.274.49.35129
303:bacterial outer membrane
19:Not to be confused with
1206:10.1073/pnas.0402340101
1147:10.1073/pnas.0604744103
510:host–pathogen interface
506:outer membrane vesicles
362:Outer membrane proteins
1621:Gram-negative bacteria
1600:Gram-positive bacteria
899:10.1074/jbc.C100091200
616:Infection and Immunity
387:transmembrane proteins
307:gram-negative bacteria
31:
1476:Substrate preference
680:10.1128/mBio.00597-21
481:Clinical significance
434:-core moiety and the
407:Further information:
29:
1457:Microbial metabolism
471:cellular compartment
1707:Non-motile bacteria
1303:Pathogenic bacteria
1197:2004PNAS..101.9417B
1138:2006PNAS..10311754W
1089:10.1128/JB.00270-08
725:10.1038/nrmicro2069
350:Braun's lipoprotein
1636:Lipopolysaccharide
1021:Annu. Rev. Biochem
495:toll like receptor
491:circulatory system
334:lipopolysaccharide
32:
1832:
1831:
1731:
1730:
1677:Bacterial capsule
1643:Periplasmic space
1610:Lipoteichoic acid
1495:
1494:
1467:Microbial ecology
1462:Nitrogen fixation
747:Nat Rev Microbiol
380:virulence-related
372:virulence factors
368:membrane proteins
299:
298:
295:
294:
290:structure summary
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:structure summary
21:Bacterial capsule
1890:
1883:Protein families
1873:Membrane biology
1822:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1760:Former groupings
1554:
1553:
1405:Human microbiome
1328:
1327:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1068:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1012:
1006:
1005:
995:
985:
976:(20): 12466–75.
961:
955:
954:
918:
912:
911:
901:
877:
871:
870:
860:
828:
822:
821:
811:
802:(49): 35129–38.
787:
781:
780:
770:
738:
729:
728:
708:
702:
701:
691:
659:
650:
649:
639:
607:
601:
600:
590:
558:
238:
237:
156:
155:
93:
92:
34:
33:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1828:
1800:
1755:Bacterial phyla
1739:
1727:
1711:
1669:
1663:
1654:Arabinogalactan
1559:
1543:
1491:
1388:
1332:
1320:
1312:
1298:Lysogenic cycle
1279:
1272:
1263:
1233:
1232:
1191:(25): 9417–22.
1177:
1173:
1132:(31): 11754–9.
1118:
1114:
1069:
1058:
1013:
1009:
962:
958:
919:
915:
892:(15): 11461–4.
878:
874:
829:
825:
788:
784:
739:
732:
709:
705:
660:
653:
608:
604:
559:
555:
550:
518:
502:endotoxic shock
483:
416:
411:
364:
214:OPM superfamily
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1512:cell structure
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:Saccharophilic
1482:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1374:Microaerophile
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1171:
1112:
1083:(13): 4460–9.
1056:
1007:
956:
929:(6): 1221–33.
923:Mol. Microbiol
913:
872:
823:
782:
753:(4): 236–248.
730:
719:(3): 206–214.
703:
651:
622:(9): 2963–71.
602:
552:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
517:
514:
482:
479:
415:
412:
363:
360:
315:cell envelopes
311:lipid bilayers
297:
296:
293:
292:
287:
281:
280:
267:
261:
260:
250:
243:
242:
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
204:
198:
197:
192:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
152:
151:
148:
147:
142:
136:
135:
122:
116:
115:
105:
98:
97:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
71:
64:
63:
58:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1895:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Schizomycetes
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Teichoic acid
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:Peptidoglycan
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Cell membrane
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
970:J. Biol. Chem
967:
960:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:
909:
905:
900:
895:
891:
887:
886:J. Biol. Chem
883:
876:
868:
864:
859:
854:
850:
846:
843:(7): 2102–7.
842:
838:
834:
827:
819:
815:
810:
805:
801:
797:
796:J. Biol. Chem
793:
786:
778:
774:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
737:
735:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
658:
656:
647:
643:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
606:
598:
594:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
553:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
478:
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1794:Mendosicutes
1779:Gracilicutes
1759:
1659:Mycolic acid
1649:Mycobacteria
1647:
1625:
1619:
1598:
1534:Coccobacilli
1434:in pregnancy
1400:Extremophile
1384:Aerotolerant
1318:Biochemistry
1280:microbiology
1266:Microbiology
1188:
1184:
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1077:J. Bacteriol
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305:is found in
302:
300:
1682:Slime layer
1362:Facultative
1350:Facultative
1027:: 635–700.
993:2434/611267
573:(1): 8285.
450:by the Wzy
440:cytoplasmic
428:hydrophobic
424:hydrophilic
226:OPM protein
164:Identifiers
42:Identifiers
1867:Categories
1789:Mollicutes
1784:Firmicutes
1774:Prokaryota
1692:Glycocalyx
1517:plasticity
1480:Lipophilic
1333:preference
1308:Resistance
567:Nat Commun
548:References
527:Maltoporin
452:polymerase
420:biogenesis
414:Biogenesis
253:structures
108:structures
1859:IPR010664
1845:IPR007485
1742:evolution
1716:Composite
1615:Endospore
1573:Cell wall
1549:Structure
1440:Placental
1379:Nanaerobe
1357:Anaerobic
1288:Infection
448:periplasm
436:O-antigen
338:endotoxin
323:periplasm
319:cytoplasm
313:in their
195:IPR007485
86:IPR010664
1855:InterPro
1841:InterPro
1814:Category
1737:Taxonomy
1670:envelope
1560:envelope
1450:Salivary
1367:Obligate
1345:Obligate
1293:Exotoxin
1270:Bacteria
1225:15192148
1166:16861298
1107:18424520
1051:12045108
951:26807796
908:11278265
818:10574995
777:34732874
698:33947759
597:38092770
588:10719372
516:See also
467:proteins
270:RCSB PDB
190:InterPro
125:RCSB PDB
81:InterPro
1824:Commons
1723:Biofilm
1702:Fimbria
1687:S-layer
1668:Outside
1529:Bacilli
1445:Uterine
1430:Vaginal
1340:Aerobic
1323:ecology
1278:Medical
1193:Bibcode
1157:1544242
1134:Bibcode
1098:2446812
1042:2569852
1002:9575204
943:8809774
867:8606190
768:8934262
689:8262991
646:1652557
487:lipid A
432:lipid A
398:E. Coli
376:biofilm
342:E. coli
183:PF04390
61:PF06835
1769:Monera
1539:Spiral
1331:Oxygen
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456:ligase
391:porins
356:Porins
285:PDBsum
259:
249:
207:1.B.42
169:Symbol
140:PDBsum
114:
104:
74:CL0259
47:Symbol
1697:Pilus
1651:only:
1631:Porin
1623:only:
1602:only:
1524:Cocci
1500:Shape
1420:Mouth
1393:Other
947:S2CID
674:(3).
532:OMPdb
498:TLR 4
1853:and
1851:Pfam
1839:and
1837:Pfam
1740:and
1558:Cell
1425:Skin
1415:Lung
1321:and
1221:PMID
1162:PMID
1103:PMID
1047:PMID
998:PMID
939:PMID
904:PMID
863:PMID
814:PMID
773:PMID
694:PMID
668:mBio
642:PMID
593:PMID
461:The
426:and
418:The
301:The
278:PDBj
274:PDBe
257:ECOD
247:Pfam
231:4q35
202:TCDB
178:Pfam
172:LptE
133:PDBj
129:PDBe
112:ECOD
102:Pfam
70:clan
68:Pfam
56:Pfam
50:LptC
1592:DAP
1587:NAG
1582:NAM
1410:Gut
1211:PMC
1201:doi
1189:101
1152:PMC
1142:doi
1130:103
1093:PMC
1085:doi
1081:190
1037:PMC
1029:doi
988:hdl
978:doi
974:273
931:doi
894:doi
890:276
853:PMC
845:doi
841:178
804:doi
800:274
763:PMC
755:doi
721:doi
684:PMC
676:doi
632:PMC
624:doi
583:PMC
575:doi
485:If
463:LPS
348:by
325:.
265:PDB
219:412
120:PDB
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