Breakdancing - Knowledge

633: 763:, also known as Brooklyn uprock, is a more aggressive dance style commonly performed between two partners that feature intricate footwork and hitting motions, mimicking a fight. As a separate dance style, it never gained the same widespread popularity as breaking, except for some very specific moves adopted by breakers who use it as a variation for their toprock. Uprock is also stated to have roots in gangs, as an expressive medium used to settle turf disputes, with the winner deciding the location of a future battle. Although some disagree that breaking ever played a part in mediating gang rivalry, the early growth of breaking still primarily served to assist the poor youth of the Bronx to stray away from gang violence and rather expel their time towards an artistic dance. One example is former gang leader 5385: 1110:

Taisuke's successful career in group competitions, he failed to win the solo Red Bull BC One competition, an individual breakdancing championship that had continued to evade Japanese bboys. The first Japanese to win the BC One competition became Bboy Issei in 2016. Issei is widely regarded by many as the best Japanese breakdancer currently and in the eyes of some, the best worldwide. Female bboys, or "bgirls", are also prevalent in Japan and following the introduction of a female BC One competition in 2018, Japanese bgirl Ami Yuasa became the first female champion. Notable Japanese bboy crews include FoundNation, Body Carnival, and the Floorriorz. Notable Japanese bgirl crews include Queen of Queens, Body Carnival, and Nishikasai.

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The names of some of these moves are air baby, hollow backs, solar eclipse, and reverse air baby, among others. The main goal in blow-up style is the rapid transition through a sequence of power moves, ending in a skillful freeze or "suicide". Like freezes, a suicide is used to emphasize a strong beat in the music and signal the end to a routine. While freezes draw attention to a controlled final position, suicides draw attention to the motion of falling or losing control. B-boys or b-girls will make it appear that they have lost control and fall onto their backs, stomachs, etc. The more painful the suicide appears, the more impressive it is, but breakers execute them in a way to minimize pain.

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observers—where the winners are determined by audience approval. There are several kinds of events such as the b-girl crew battle, the Seven 2 Smoke battle (eight top ranked breakers battle each other to determine the overall winner), the All vs. All continental battle (all the American breakers vs. all the European breakers vs. the Asian breakers vs. Mexican/Brazilian breakers), and the Circle Prinz IBE. The Circle Prinz IBE is a knockout tournament that takes place in multiple smaller cipher battles until the last standing breaker is declared the winner. IBE also hosts the European finals for the UK B-Boy Championships.

1754: 1441: 1448:… because everybody watches the same videos online, everybody ends up looking very similar. The differences between individual b-boys, between crews, between cities/states/countries/continents, have largely disappeared. It used to be that you could tell what city a b-boy was from by the way he danced. Not anymore. But I've been saying these things for almost a decade, and most people don't listen, but continue watching the same videos and dancing the same way. It's what I call the "international style", or the "Youtube style". 55: 105: 867: 7277: 579:"During the 1970s, an array of dances practiced by black and Latino kids sprang up in the inner cities of New York and California. The styles had a dizzying list of names: 'uprock' in Brooklyn, 'locking' in Los Angeles, 'boogaloo' and 'popping' in Fresno, and 'strutting' in San Francisco and Oakland. When these dances gained notice in the mid-'80s outside of their geographic contexts, the diverse styles were lumped together under the tag 'break dancing'." 528:"In the 80's when streetdancing blew up, the media often incorrectly used the term 'breakdancing' as an umbrella term for most of the streetdancing styles that they saw. What many people didn't know was within these styles, other sub-cultures existed, each with their own identities. Breakdancing, or b-boying as it is more appropriately known as, is known to have its roots in the east coast and was heavily influenced by break beats and hip hop." 1433: 1803: 933: 1777:, breakers are predominantly male, but this is not to say that women breakers, b-girls, are invisible or nonexistent. Female participants, such as Daisy Castro (also known as Baby Love of Rock Steady Crew), attest that females have been breakdancing since its inception. Critics argue that it is unfair to make a sweeping generalization about these inequalities because women have begun to play a larger role in the breakdancing scene. 516:"In addition to its general association with commercialism, the term breakdancing is also problematic on a more practical level. Unlike b-boying, which refers to a specific dance form that developed in New York City in the '70s, breakdancing is often used as an umbrella term that includes not only b-boying, but also popping, locking, boogalooing, and other so-called funk-style dances that originated in California." 1658: 1682:

bias and set a unified and fair standard for the way breakdance battles should be judged. With the new system, breakers are judged against five criteria: foundation, dynamics (power moves), battle, originality, and execution. There is one judge for each category and the scores are shown on a large screen during battles so that the audience can see who is winning at any given moment.

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international panel of experts. A past participant of the competition is world record holder Mauro "Cico" (pronounced CHEE-co) Peruzzi. B-boy Cico holds the world record in the 1990s. A 1990 is a move in which a breaker spins continuously on one hand—a hand spin rather than a head spin. Cico broke the record by spinning 27 times. A documentary based on the competition called

644: 501:"Breakdancing may have died, but the b-boy, one of four original elements of hip hop (also included: the MC, the DJ, and the graffiti artist) lives on. To those who knew it before it was tagged with the name breakdancing, to those still involved in the scene that they will always know as b-boying, the tradition is alive and, well, spinning." 107: 112: 110: 106: 111: 1516:. A musical canon of these traditional b-boy songs have since developed, songs that were once expected to be played at every b-boying event. As the dance form grew, this standardization of classic songs prompted innovation of dance moves and break beats that reimagined the standard melodies. These songs include 2121:

In the United States, Breakdancing is widely referred to in TV advertising, as well as news, travelogue, and documentary segments, as an indicator of youth/street culture. From a production point of view the style is visually arresting, instantly recognizable, and adducible to fast-editing, while the

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depicts the life of two breakdancing brothers in Berlin that try to use their dancing talents to secure a livelihood. Breakdancing moves are sometimes incorporated into the choreography of films featuring martial arts. This is due to the visually pleasing aspect of the dance, no matter how ridiculous

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may have have contributed elements. The Juba, for example, is an African dance where men had dance circles where one man at a time would go and dance, similar to modern-day breaking. This dance also inspired competition, also seen in breaking, because better treatment would be given to the slave who

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But it was in his secret identity as a B-boy (B for Beat) during after-school hours that Kurtis really shined. "I was the best dancer at the school," he claimed. "When I was 15 I used to go down to Nell Gwinn's and do that frantic Breakdance- the fancy, fancy footwork to the funky, funky music- and I

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measures, breakers started doing battle online, via Zoom or Instagram. Australian breakers started developing more creative and innovative styles, and "pushing international barriers", according to Kid Tek. The qualifying Australian entrants to the Olympics were b-girl Raygun (36-year-old university

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Some breakers argue that because uprock was originally a separate dance style it should never be mixed with breaking and that the uprock moves performed by breakers today are not the original moves but imitations that only show a small part of the original uprock style. In the music video for 1985's

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Some people have pointed to a lack of promotion as a barrier, as full-time b-girl Firefly stated in a BBC piece: "It's getting more popular. There are a lot more girls involved. The problem is that promoters are not putting on enough female-only battles." Growing interest is being shown in changing

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Blow-up: A style which focuses on the "wow factor" of certain power moves, freezes, and circus styles. Blowups consist of performing a sequence of as many difficult trick combinations in as quick succession as possible in order to "smack" or exceed the virtuosity of the other breaker's performance.

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Oh yeah, the last thing I hate in breakin'… Yo, all y'all motherfuckin' internet b-boys... I'm an internet b-boy too, but I'm real about my shit. Everybody knows who I am, I'm out at every fucking jam, I'm in a different country every week. I tell my story dancing... I've been all around the world,

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generally refers to any string of steps performed from a standing position. It is usually the first and foremost opening display of style, though dancers often transition from other aspects of breakdancing to toprock and back. Toprock has a variety of steps which can each be varied according to the

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have common African origin, while others claim that capoeira directly influenced breaking. There is also evidence of a similar style of dancing in Kaduna, Nigeria, in 1959. B-boy pioneers Richard "Crazy Legs" Colon and Kenneth "Ken Swift" Gabbert, both of Rock Steady Crew, cite James Brown and Kung

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Power: This style is what most members of the general public associate with the term "breakdancing". Power moves comprise full-body spins and rotations that give the illusion of defying gravity. Examples of power moves include head spins, backspins, windmills, flares, air tracks/air flares, 1990s,

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introduced dance styles from the United States. Breakdancing expanded in Canada from there, with crews like Canadian Floormasters taking over the 80's scene, and New Energy opening for James Brown in 1984 at the Paladium in Montreal. Leading into the 90's, crews like Bag of Trix, Rakunz, Intrikit,

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16 is a competition for the top 16 ranked crews in the world. What sets it apart from other competitions is that it is sponsored by the government and broadcast live on Korean television and in several countries in Europe. In 2011, R16 instituted a new judging system that was created to eliminate

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is a Dutch-based breakdancing competition founded in 1998. IBE (International Breakdance Event) is not a traditional competition because there are not any stages or judges. Instead, there are timed competitive events that take place in large multitiered ciphers—circular dance spaces surrounded by

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Although there are some generalities in the styles that exist, many dancers combine elements of different styles with their own ideas and knowledge in order to create a unique style of their own. Breakers can therefore be categorized into a broad style, which generally showcases the same types of

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The Japanese began to truly flourish on the international stage following the breakdancing career of Taisuke Nonaka, known simply as Taisuke. Taisuke began to dominate the international scene and led the Japanese team Floorriorz to win the BOTY in 2015 against crew Kienjuice from Belarus. Despite

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in Harajuku, which still remains an active area for breakdancers and hip-hop enthusiasts. As hip-hop continued to grow in Japan, so did breakdancing and the breakdancing communities. Following the introduction of international breakdancing competitions, Japan began to compete and were praised for

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followed and furthered the breakdance craze. Crazy-A, the leader of the Tokyo chapter of the Rock Steady Crew, was dragged to see Flashdance by his then girlfriend and walked out captivated by the dance form and became one its earliest and one of the most influential breakers in Japanese history.

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and is hosted in a different country every year. The competition brings together the top 16 breakers from around the world. Six spots are earned through six regional qualifying tournaments. The other 10 spots are reserved for last year's winner, wild card selections, and recommendations from an

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featured a dance sequence that bears a striking resemblance to modern breakdancing. The dancer entered the center of a circle formed by spectators, starting with movements similar to the Charleston, echoing the style of Toprocking/Uprocking. He then executed a backflip, dropped face down to the

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in 2005 where he uses dancing, hip-hop music, and art to teach Cambodian youth language skills, computer skills, and life skills (hygiene, sex education, counseling). His organization helps roughly 5,000 youths each year. One of these youths include Diamond, who is regarded as Cambodia's first

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According to dance researcher Harri Heinilä, “It has been clear that the 'Breakdance' and other Hip Hop-related dances at the very least resemble or even were inherited from earlier African American dances, which have been collectively called jazz dance since this term appeared by 1917 and was

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policy. The first to legalize the new dance were dancers from the Baltic republics. They presented this dance as the "protest against the arbitrariness of the capitalists", explaining that the dance was invented by Black Americans from poor neighborhoods. In 1985 the performance of Czech

1628:. There are two competitions. One is a kids competition for solo breakers who are 12 years old or younger. The other competition is a knock-out tournament for eight breaker crews. Some crews have to qualify at their country's local tournament; others are invited straight to the finale. 697:

a "young man quite alone, who was practicing over and over the most inexplicable leap in the air...he swung himself up, and then round on his hand for a point, when his upper leg described a great circle." The engraving shows a young man apparently breaking. The dance was called the

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ethos is multi ethnic, energetic, and edgy, but free from the gangster-laden overtones of much rap-culture imagery. Its usability as a visual cliché benefits sponsorship, despite the relatively small following of the genre itself beyond the circle of its practitioners. In 2005, a

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who personally mentored him for the four years that followed. After becoming proficient in breakdancing, he moved back to São Paulo and started to organize crews and enter international competitions. He eventually opened a hip-hop dance studio called the Hip-Hop Street College.

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However, it was not until the 1970s that breaking developed as a defined dance style in the United States. These precursing elements began to take form in the early 1970s, as breaking began to grow at parties featuring DJs and instrumental records. It was at these parties that

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dancer's expression (i.e. aggressive, calm, excited). A great deal of freedom is allowed in the definition of toprock: as long as the dancer maintains cleanliness, form, and attitude, theoretically anything can be toprock. Toprock can draw upon many other dance styles such as

1423:. They are used to emphasize strong beats in the music and often signal the end of a set. Freezes can be linked into chains or "stacks" where breakers go from freeze to freeze to freeze in order to hit the beats of the music, which displays musicality and physical strength. 545:"An important thing to clarify is that the term 'Break dancing' is wrong, I read that in many magazines but that is a media term. The correct term is 'Breakin', people who do it are B-Boys and B-Girls. The term 'Break dancing' has to be thrown out of the dance vocabulary." 1582:(BOTY) was founded in 1990 by Thomas Hergenröther in Germany. It is the first and largest international breakdancing competition for breakdance crews. BOTY holds regional qualifying tournaments in several countries such as Zimbabwe, Japan, Israel, Algeria, Indonesia, and 632: 1133:

Breakdancing was first introduced to South Korea by American soldiers shortly after its surge of popularity in the U.S. during the 1980s, but it was not until the late 1990s that the culture and dance took hold. 1997 is known as the "Year Zero of Korean breaking". A

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Flavor: A style that is based more on elaborate toprock, downrock, and/or freezes. This style is focused more on the beat and musicality of the song than having to rely on power moves only. Breakers who base their dance on "flavor" or style are known as "style

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In 2018, Japan's B-Girl Ami became the first B-Girl world champion of Red Bull BC One. Although B-Girl Ayumi had been invited as a competitor for the 2017 championship, it was only until 2018 that a 16 B-Girl bracket was featured as part of the main event.

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or "salmon district dance". In 1894, Thomas Edison filmed Walter Wilkins, Denny Toliver, and Joe Rastus dancing and performing a "breakdown". Then in 1898 he filmed a young street dancer performing acrobatic headspins. Some authors claim that breaking and

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got into the country. In the USSR these movies were not released officially. They were brought home by Soviet citizens who had the opportunity to travel to Western countries (for example, by diplomats). Originally, the dance became popular in big cities:

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y'all been all around the world wide web... Bebe once said that shit, and I co-sign that, Bebe said that. That wasn't me but that's the realist shit I ever heard anybody say. I've been all around the world, you've been all around the world wide web.

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stage, and Raygun was widely mocked online for her creative "kangaroo hop" moves, with a video clip of her performance going viral, as well as discussed in the press. Both entrants chose to wear their team tracksuit rather than street clothes.

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of a Los Angeles breakdancing competition called Radiotron. A year later when he returned, Chon found that his video and others like his had been copied and dubbed numerous times, and were feeding an ever-growing breaker community.

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control and auspices and whim and whatever." And so it's a cleansing; it's like an etymological purging....But it's smart, because it's a paradigm shift in which he now is not just a player but is a kingmaker. A kingpin."

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Luis "Alien Ness" Martinez, the president of Mighty Zulu Kings, expressed a similar frustration in a separate interview three years earlier with "The Super B-Beat Show" about the top five things he hates in breakdancing:

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to disparage those who learn the dance for personal gain rather than for commitment to the culture. Many accuse the media of presenting a simplified version of the dance that focuses on "tricks" instead of culture.

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has said, "B-boys, what you call break boys...or b-girls, what you call break girls." Co-founder of Rock Steady Crew Santiago "Jo Jo" Torres, Rock Steady Crew member Marc "Mr. Freeze" Lemberger, hip-hop historian

108: 463:"When I first learned about the dance in 1977 it was called b-boying... by the time the media got a hold of it in like '81, '82, it became 'break-dancing' and I even got caught up calling it break-dancing too." 665:

ground, and transitioned into spins, rotating his body horizontally with the support of his hands and feet. Afterward, he stood up, spun, and performed an Eagle Rock-like jazz dance before exiting the circle.

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is a Korean game that requires physical movement of the feet. The game involves breakdancing and people can accomplish this feat by memorizing the steps and creating dance moves to hit the arrows on time.

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The "Step Up" series made dance movies popular by showcasing different dance styles, like breakdancing. This led to an increase in dance-themed films and made dance a popular subject in entertainment.

1150:, exposing the skill of the country's breakers to the rest of the world. Since then, the Korean government has capitalized on the popularity of the dance and has promoted it alongside Korean culture. 1311: 3665: 1393:, speed, endurance, strength, flexibility, and control to execute. The breaker is generally supported by his upper body while the rest of his body creates circular momentum. Some examples are the 1373:(also known as "footwork" or "floorwork") is used to describe any movement on the floor with the hands supporting the dancer as much as the feet. Downrock includes moves such as the foundational 2269:

is a computer game in which the player receives points for performing complex dance moves using the joystick without exhausting the player character's remaining energy. It was released for the

1189:, so they usually learned the new fashion trends emerging in the capitalist countries with some delay. The Soviet Union first learned of breakdancing in 1984, when videotapes of the films 2334:

Floor Kids is a Nintendo Switch game released in 2017 that scores your performance based on its musicality, originality, and style. It received praise for its innovative controls and the

2207:, was an amateur breaker in high school and directed a short documentary film about Texas breakdancing culture before writing the novel. The novel was inspired by Dalecki's short story 2173: 825:

to judge a competition, who influenced local breakers to adopt this shift in style. Notable crews of that time were Fresh Sox from Melbourne and SKB (aka Street Kulture Breakerz), from

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Ismael Toledo was one of the first breakers in Brazil. In 1984, he moved to the United States to study dance. While in the U.S. he discovered breakdancing and ended up meeting breaker

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is doing is saying "I want to reeducate the marketplace and make them see that everything that came before was 'breakdancing' and what's going on now is 'b-boying.' And it's all under

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has Mario and Luigi breakdancing to numerous songs – some based after the Super Mario series, and others based on real life. It released on October 24, 2005, on the Nintendo GameCube.

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Abstract: A very broad style which may include the incorporation of "threading" footwork, freestyle movement to hit beats, house dance, and "circus" styles (tricks, contortion, etc.).

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arguably brought breakdancing back to the forefront of pop culture in the United States, similar to the popularity it had enjoyed in the 1980s. The American drama television series

190:. Its modern dance elements originated among the poor youth of New York during the early 1980s. It is tied to the birth of hip-hop, whose DJs developed rhythmic break for dancers. 1060:

cannot be used in China, breakdancing in China has been popular. Many people copy breakdancing videos from abroad and distribute them back to the mainland. Although it is still an

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2000s, jackhammers, crickets, turtles, hand glides, halos, and elbow spins. Those breakers who use "power moves" almost exclusively in their sets are referred to as "power heads".

1217:(some citizens of these Soviet republics had the opportunity to watch Western television). The attitude of the authorities to the new dance that came from the West was negative. 3336:"B-Boying and Battling in a Global Context: The Discursive Life of Difference in Hip Hop Dance / ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺺ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻪ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﻲ: ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺐ ﻫﻮﺏ" 1048:

In the 2024 Paris Olympics men's gold medal showdown, Canada's Philip "Phil Wizard" Kim swept 3 rounds against France's Danis "Danny Dan" Civil with judges voting 23–4.

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Groups began to spring up as well, with early groups such as Tokyo B-Boys, Dynamic Rock Force (American kids from Yokota AB), B-5 Crew, and Mystic Movers popping up in

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Breaking prompted dance battles and dance sessions known as "cyphers", competitive circles in which participants took turns dancing while surrounded by onlookers. The

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The Rob Roy on the Baltic: A Canoe Cruise through Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Sleswig, Holste, the Northe Sea and the Baltic, with numerous illustrations, Maps and Music

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The breaking scene was peaking around 2010, but dipped between 2013 and 2017. After it was announced that breakdancing was going to be included as a sport in the

759:, footwork-oriented dance moves performed standing up, but as dance crews began to experiment, a separate dance form known as uprock further influenced breaking. 726:". By looping the records and their simultaneous breaks, he was able to prolong the break and provide a rhythmic and improvisational base for dancers: Herc tells 4041: 4621: 3589: 4595: 4214: 1291:(1988). By the end of the decade the dance became almost ubiquitous. At almost any disco or school dance one could see a person dancing in the "robot" style. 4934: 3737: 4382: 1377:, and its variants such as the 3-step. The most basic of downrock is done entirely on feet and hands but more complex variations can involve the knees when 1138:

hip hop promoter named John Jay Chon was visiting his family in Seoul and while he was there, he met a crew named Expression Crew in a club. He gave them a

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was shown in the program "Morning Post", and became one of the first official demonstrations of breakdancing on Soviet television. With the support of the

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Breakdancing took off in France in the early 1980s with the creation of groups such as the Paris City Breakers (who styled themselves after the well-known

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is a South Korean breakdancing competition founded in 2007 by Asian Americans Charlie Shin and John Jay Chon. Like BOTY and Red Bull BC One put together,

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as a breakdancer who hits his head during a talent show and wakes up from a coma in the year 2007, then plans to get his breakdancing team back together.

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or Mighty Zulu Kingz began to form, in response to the growth of competitive cyphers which sometimes featured cash-prizes, titles, and bragging rights.

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taken from different songs which are then looped and chained together by the DJ. The tempo generally ranges between 110 and 135 beats per minute with

555:"Breaking or b-boying is generally misconstrued or incorrectly termed as 'breakdancing'. Breakdancing is a term spawned from the loins of the media's 1298:, the breakdance craze was over and breakdancing became dated. The next wave of interest in breakdancing in Russia would only occur in the late 90s. 804: 803:

By the early 1990s, "Australia was a world leading power move country", according to 2020s award-winning breaker Kid Tek. Stars of the time included

3894: 1401:, back spin, and head spin. Some power moves are borrowed from gymnastics and martial arts. An example of a power move taken from gymnastics is the 5247: 1045:

Contents Under Pressure, Supernaturalz, Boogie Brats, and Red Power Squad, led the scene throughout the rest of the past two decades and counting.

736:(2005), "And once they heard that, that was it, wasn't no turning back. They always wanted to hear breaks after breaks after breaks after breaks." 4956: 5205: 8266: 4412: 722:, a Bronx-based DJ pioneer, developed rhythmic breakdown sections by simultaneously switching between two copies of the same record, creating " 1076:). In 1984, France became the first country in the world to have a regularly and nationally broadcast television show about Hip Hop—hosted by 3561: 2442: 767:, who hosted hip-hop parties and vowed to specifically use hip-hop to support children away from gang violence. He would eventually form the 611:. A form of urban dance involving styles such as locking, popping, and b-boying, usually performed to funk music. Also called break dancing." 4647: 4159: 193:

The dance form has expanded globally, with an array of organizations and independent competitions supporting its growth. Breaking became an

2907: 2241:, 1984) was an introductory reference for newcomers to the "breakin'" style of dance as it evolved in North America in the 1970s and 1980s. 2854: 5322: 1866:

included a breakdancing sequence during the "Sensation" number. Later, in the early 1980s, several films depicted breakdancing including

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as long as the tempo and beat pattern conditions are met. Breakdancing can be readily adapted to different music genres with the aid of

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are stylish poses that require the breaker to suspend himself or herself off the ground using upper body strength in poses such as the

1080:—with a focus on Hip Hop dance. This show led to the explosion of Hip Hop dance in France, with many new crews appearing on the scene. 2167: 1092:. The release of the movie was accompanied by a tour by the Rock Steady Crew and many Japanese were captivated. Other movies such as 5384: 3983: 4863: 5030: 2426:"50 Years of Hip Hop? The Hip Hop Legacy of DJ Kool Herc, Its Jazz Connection, and the Beginning of the Hip Hop Scene in Finland" 8189: 7048: 3868: 1959: 3280: 2825:

What Ever Happened to Breakdancing?': Transnational B-Boy/b-Girl Networks, Underground Video Magazines and Imagined Affinities

2740:"The ascent of hip-hop: A historical, cultural, and aesthetic study of b-boying (book review of Joseph Schloss' "Foundation")" 563:, and naïveté at that time. With no true knowledge of the hip-hop diaspora but with an ineradicable need to define it for the 239:. The term is frequently used to refer to the dance in popular culture and in the mainstream entertainment industry. The term 7257: 5188: 4198: 3791: 3053: 2876: 2681: 4520: 4130: 4067: 6977: 5240: 3171: 1717: 4442: 1971:

films (2006–14) are dance movies that focus on the passion and love of dance. Breakdancing is featured in all five films,

1645:(2009) profiled six breakdancers' training for the 2007 championship in Johannesburg. Two of these breakdancers were Ali " 7092: 4494: 3203: 7170: 5416: 5267: 1583: 732: 5138: 4307: 3695: 1927:

The 2000s saw a resurgence of films and television series featuring breakdancing that continued into the early 2010s:

1720:. 16 male and 16 female breakers – according to Olympic terminology – competed in head-to-head matches. IOC President 6716: 5563: 4689: 4039:"Breaking down Apache (with video): New film Sample This examines 'national anthem of hip-hop' recorded in Vancouver" 3963: 2633: 2388: 2232: 1842: 1571: 980: 6208: 4222: 3634: 3479: 2196:. The comic sold over 1.5 million books and it helped to introduce breakdancing and hip-hop culture to Korean youth. 962: 817:

in 1992. During the 2000s, the style evolved from focussing on power moves back to foundational styles. Influential

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Born in Thailand and raised in the United States, Tuy "KK" Sobil started a community center called Tiny Toones in

8111: 7317: 7143: 6943: 6343: 5233: 3842: 3378:""Like Old Folk Songs Handed Down from Generation to Generation": History, Canon, and Community in B-Boy Culture" 3231:""Like Old Folk Songs Handed Down from Generation to Generation": History, Canon, and Community in B-Boy Culture" 2929: 2159:

Since breakdancing's popularity surge in South Korea, it has been featured in various TV dramas and commercials.

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is a 2006 South Korean drama series centered on different characters who are brought together by breakdancing.

1824: 1611: 958: 837: 152: 6332: 1265:). The next step was the spreading of the similar festivals to other Soviet republics. Festivals were held in 417:-trained dancers who can perform the moves but who do not live a "b-boy lifestyle". Still others use the term 6093: 6082: 5272: 2425: 2131: 1820: 954: 5220: 4890: 4472: 4277: 2787: 2739: 8048: 7811: 7262: 7237: 5656: 4784: 2530: 2146: 1517: 586: 2682:"The World's Best Dance Crew :: How Korean B-Boys Conquered Planet Rock « Can't Stop Won't Stop" 8076: 7745: 7252: 6982: 6446: 5354: 2828: 1008:

There are several ways breakdancing came to Canada. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, films such as

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follows five crews from around the world in their journey to the international breakdancing competition

1567: 8246: 8182: 8053: 8026: 7916: 7735: 6972: 5902: 5317: 4759: 4374: 2324: 2140: 2127: 1785:(and by extension, breakdance culture) to a more positive, empowered role in the modern hip-hop scene. 1692: 1394: 1155: 829:, who recruited Korean breakers B-Boy Blond and B-Boy Blue. SKB were continuing to compete as of 2023. 690: 470: 5139:"Floor Kids, the breakdancing game for the Switch, has some A++++ music by Kid Koala. Who is not only" 2053:

as a 15-year-old who regularly practices hip-hop dance, including breakdancing, in her council estate.

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There are four primary elements that form breakdancing: toprock, downrock, power moves, and freezes.

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Between New York and Paris: Hip Hop and the Transnational Politics of Race, Culture, and Citizenship

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in China because of some restrictions, breakdancing was reported to be a growing presence in 2013.

943: 878: 627: 17: 4916: 3924: 2908:"Interview with Popin Pete & Mr. Wiggles at Monsters of Hip Hop – July 7–9, 2006, Orlando, Fl" 2156:, a series focused on breakdancing and other forms of hip-hop dance, premiered on March 20, 2019. 8535: 8271: 7981: 7776: 7760: 7708: 7337: 7070: 6967: 4837: 4370: 4167: 3428: 3309: 3189: 3103: 3070: 2309: 2015: 1813: 1625: 1407: 1398: 1220: 947: 727: 574: 508: 39: 3277:"Hip Hop is born at a birthday party in the Bronx — History.com This Day in History — 8/11/1973" 2915: 2842: 2349:'s Breaker fighting style heavily relies on movements and techniques derived from break dancing. 1106:

their agility and precision, yet they were criticized in the beginning for lacking originality.

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Many elements of breaking developed before the 1970s. Even Colonial American dances such as the

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The transition between top and floor rockin' was also important and became known as the 'drop'.

3454: 2380: 2368: 1979: 1073: 850: 780: 711: 523: 474: 35: 3480:"Raygun, J Attack secure their ticket to Paris as Australia's first ever Olympic breakdancers" 2984: 1707:. The competition featured men's, women's and mixed-team events in a one-on-one battle format. 8661: 8256: 8175: 7655: 7580: 6918: 6549: 6532: 6430: 5709: 5556: 5489: 5180: 5112: 3955: 2850: 1967: 1521: 1402: 1294:

In the early 1990s, the country experienced a severe economic and political crisis. With the

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In 2002, Korea's Expression Crew won the prestigious international breakdancing competition

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established by the end of the 1920s." For example, in 1942, ‘The Mills Brothers' short film

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Fu films (notably Bruce Lee films) as influences. Many of the acrobatic moves, such as the

198: 4931:"Jay Park to host new JTBC breakdance program 'SHOWDOWN'; First episode airs on THIS date" 4864:"Hip Hop's Lone Ladies Call for Backup: The B-Girl Be Summit preaches strength in numbers" 3009: 1440: 8: 8656: 8351: 8121: 8038: 7866: 7801: 7791: 7310: 7195: 7133: 7004: 6913: 6808: 6599: 6594: 6026: 5944: 5799: 5760: 5704: 5464: 3562:"How did Raygun qualify for the Olympics? Is she really the best Australia has to offer?" 2625: 2152: 2003: 1687: 1415: 1324: 1122: 1061: 898: 740: 480: 453: 235: 171: 7158: 3991: 3895:"An immigrant's dream makes an iconic Boyle Heights music venue flow with 'body rhythm'" 1555: 604:. A form of nonrhythmic urban dance characterized by acrobatic and gymnastic movements." 8510: 8326: 8043: 8006: 8001: 7991: 7976: 7961: 7911: 7891: 7806: 7796: 7683: 7590: 7128: 7107: 7043: 7014: 6957: 6803: 6671: 6626: 6569: 6544: 6128: 6058: 5831: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5678: 5484: 5459: 4711: 3738:"Growing presence of B-boys and B-girls in China is slowly emerging to the dance world" 3405: 3351: 3258: 2959: 2486: 2089: 1991: 1920: 1724:

said that breaking was added to draw more interest from young people in the Olympics.

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masses, the term breakdancing was born. Most breakers take great offense to the term."

540: 495: 8563: 8452: 5038: 4867: 3718:"Phil Wizard takes on France's Dany Dann in breaking for B-Boy gold | #paris2024" 3314: 8487: 8467: 8462: 8058: 8011: 7936: 7921: 7856: 7831: 7826: 7443: 7153: 7009: 6868: 6848: 6813: 6788: 6783: 6738: 6676: 6666: 6656: 6646: 6641: 6554: 6512: 6158: 5974: 5917: 5897: 5474: 5469: 5449: 5439: 5402: 5349: 5184: 5173: 4685: 4622:"Olympic Breakdancing 2024 Results: Men's Breaking Medal Bracket Winners, Highlights" 4571: 4194: 4104: 3959: 3948: 3787: 3397: 3343: 3250: 3049: 2629: 2478: 2384: 2238: 1862: 1860:

In the past 50 years, various films have depicted the dance. 1975's (filmed in 1974)

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is the most well-known government-sponsored breakdancing event, and is hosted by the

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In 1997, Kim Soo Yong began serialization of the first breakdancing themed comic,

8568: 8482: 8386: 8336: 8311: 8301: 8096: 8021: 7966: 7881: 7861: 7851: 7846: 7836: 7698: 7563: 7473: 7383: 7352: 7232: 7102: 7097: 7053: 7026: 6994: 6928: 6903: 6898: 6858: 6853: 6838: 6833: 6798: 6758: 6711: 6609: 6604: 6564: 6497: 6487: 6472: 6457: 6397: 6148: 6108: 5909: 5683: 5641: 5510: 5312: 4075: 4045: 3843:"Japanese B-girl Ami wins first breaking gold medal as sport makes Olympic debut" 2618: 2394: 2342: 2328: 1997: 1632: 1350: 1274: 1135: 264: 6193: 1586:. Crews who win these tournaments go on to compete in the final championship in 1088:

Breakdancing in Japan was introduced in 1983 following the release of the movie

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The 1968 film Bye Bye Braverman has elements of breakdancing in its final scene

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an ignorant, and even pejorative, term. Others use it to derogatorily refer to

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was released in January 2013. It was directed by Benson Lee who also directed

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in 1986 breakdance festivals were held in the cities of the Baltic republics (

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first used the term "cypher" to denote circles of people. Crews including the

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is a video game franchise whose character "Heat" specializes in breakdancing.

2301: 2020: 1898: 1782: 1737: 1733: 1637: 1532: 1509: 1489: 1214: 1077: 1029: 833: 723: 256: 187: 175: 72: 54: 4992: 4970: 4435:"The Blessings from New York City for a New Judging System for Bboy Battles" 694: 564: 560: 8615: 8198: 8141: 7986: 7926: 7876: 7688: 7630: 7525: 7520: 7458: 7430: 7418: 7403: 7398: 7227: 7222: 6778: 6681: 6619: 6420: 6370: 6228: 6118: 5870: 5777: 5663: 5168: 4099: 3781: 3687: 3172:

Capoeira: The Jogo de Angola from Luanda to Cyberspace, Volume Two, pp. 165

2654: 2286: 2270: 2084: 2050: 1904: 1774: 1696: 1592: 1547: 1540: 1186: 1182: 849:), and 16-year-old b-boy Jeff "J Attack" Dunne. Neither made it out of the 846: 719: 652: 414: 391: 323: 144: 60: 6068: 5175:

Hip Hop: The Illustrated History of Break Dancing, Rap Music, and Graffiti

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chronicled New York graffiti artists, but also includes some breakdancing.

1758: 1596:(2007) that filmed five dance crews training for the 2005 championship. A 1365:. Transitions from toprock to downrock and power moves are called "drops". 8585: 8396: 8361: 8286: 8239: 7901: 7620: 7575: 7498: 7463: 7413: 7247: 7242: 7215: 7200: 7031: 6387: 6318: 6293: 6223: 6103: 6053: 6016: 5991: 5969: 5939: 5863: 5765: 5592: 5505: 5225: 4971:"New York Breakdancing Project (in German) on the photographers web site" 4957:"SHOWDOWN: A new "break" battle show, with the participation of JAY PARK" 4567:"'Breaking' news: Breakdancing added as an event for 2024 Paris Olympics" 3594: 2398: 2346: 2255: 2135: 1942: 1938: 1910: 1886: 1721: 1646: 1587: 1385: 1362: 1328: 1241: 1229: 1102: 1041: 1020: 1009: 813: 439: 226: 5787: 4678:

Droppin' science : critical essays on rap music and hip hop culture

4345: 3658:"Samsonite Man: Breaking The Cycle With Cambodia, Crips & Education" 3409: 3377: 3355: 3335: 3262: 3230: 2490: 2470: 866: 8573: 8553: 8543: 8477: 8447: 8429: 8381: 8316: 7725: 7715: 7703: 7615: 7548: 7510: 7493: 7488: 7408: 7393: 7368: 7210: 7036: 6382: 6375: 6233: 6043: 6001: 5986: 5929: 5880: 5875: 5846: 5631: 5613: 5334: 5277: 4315: 3204:"Don't Call it Breakdancing: The Origin Story of Breaking In Milwaukee" 3185:

Celebratory Dancing, Kaduna, Northern Nigeria, 1959. Archive film 98275

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took home gold for Canada in the men's. It will not be included in the

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Adler, Bill (November 12, 1980). "Kurtis Blow: rapped up in success".

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incorporated breakdancing as part of its programme, starting with the

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were the original terms used to describe the dancers who performed to

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Rivera, Raquel (2003). "It's Just Begun: The 1970s and Early 1980s".

2335: 2037: 1933: 1753: 1725: 1551: 1513: 1358: 1354: 1114: 822: 677: 399: 331: 156: 4255: 4097:

Walker, Susan (May 30, 2008). "Wide world of break-dancing sports".

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is a 2006 South Korean miniseries about a breakdancing competition.

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documentary was the inspiration for the 2013 American 3D dance film

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Gravity Benders crew showcasing the four elements of breakdancing —

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rhythm game that focuses on the actual breakdancing competition

162:

Breakdancing consists mainly of four kinds of movement—toprock,

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and supported by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism.

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Most pioneers and notable practitioners prefer the older terms

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Kool Herc, in Israel (director), The Freshest Kids, QD3, 2002.

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version of Gene Kelly popping and breakdancing to a remix of "

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in Los Angeles, but there is hope that it will return for the

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The most common feature of breakdance music exists in musical

1101:. The breakdancing community in Japan found a home in Tokyo's 8630: 7635: 7568: 7326: 6248: 6238: 6048: 5841: 5819: 3453:

Pool, Brett Hemmings / Red Bull Content (September 3, 2023).

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Murray Forman; Mark Anthony Neal, eds. (September 16, 2004).

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Several documentary films have been made about breakdancing:

1949: 1657: 1505: 1493: 1331: – some crew choreography, and a short battle 1161:

Famous breakdancing crews from Korea include Morning of Owl,

818: 681: 202: 5215: 5087: 4014: 3455:"The history of Australian breaking in five essential crews" 2603:

Foundation: B-boys, B-girls, And Hip-Hop Culture In New York

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released in 1984 at the height of breakdancing's popularity.

2138:. The tagline was, "The original, updated." The dance shows 1924:

in which he performed various b-boy and breakdancing moves.

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The musical selection for breakdancing is not restricted to

124:

A breakdancer standing on his head in Cologne, Germany, 2017

5394: 4648:"Will There Be Breakdancing at the 2028 Los Angeles Games?" 3130: 2273:

in October 1984 at the height of breakdancing's popularity.

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music since the 1920s, in which a solo musician is given a

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Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation

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B-boys performing on San Francisco's Powell Street in 2008

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is unknown. It was used by hiphop pioneer and breakdancer

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which aims at an unadulterated depiction of breakdancing.

2290: 2203:, was published by Houghton Mifflin in 2006. The author, 7295: 3782:

Spady, James G.; Alim, H. Samy; Meghelli, Samir (2006).

3771:. New York, NY: Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University. 2062:

is a drama about the dance competition of the same name.

5061:"Breakdance Champion Red Bull BC One, iTunes App Store" 4013:

Luis "Alien Ness" Martinez (Interviewee) (March 2009).

3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 2557:"Breaking officially added to Olympic Games Paris 2024" 2379:(1st ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. pp. 1914:. In 1985, at the height of breakdancing's popularity, 1728:

won the gold medal for Japan in the women's event, and

1277:(Russia). Breakdancing could be seen in Soviet cinema: 4521:"Breakdancing to make its Olympic debut at Paris 2024" 4499:

Olympic.org – Official website of the Olympic Movement

3102:(MP4). Edison Manufacturing Company. October 6, 1894. 2531:"2024 Paris Summer Olympics will feature breakdancing" 3925:"30-летие первой волны брейкданса в СССР (1986–2016)" 2684:. Cantstopwontstop.com. June 26, 2008. Archived from 385:

has said, "We were known as b-boys"; hip-hop pioneer

4734:"Girl Power Dances to It's [sic] Own Groove" 3362: 3075:. Sampson Low, Son and Marston (London). p. 123 1550:

beats in the percussive pattern. History credits DJ

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In the 1980s the Soviet Union was in a state of the

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that includes California-based dance styles such as

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The Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness

2774:

How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC

1554:for the invention of this concept later termed the 600:"break dancing also break·danc·ing (brāk dăn′sĭng) 5172: 4680:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 3947: 3313: 2788:"History of the word "Breakdancing" by Crazy Legs" 2617: 2464: 2462: 2460: 326:'s breakbeats. The obvious connection of the term 2177:, a breakdancing competition game show hosted by 2102:, a drama about the competition of the same name. 1624:was created in 2001 and it is held every year in 8648: 3786:. Philadelphia, PA: Black History Museum Press. 2445:. Arizona State University Media. August 8, 2024 1240:who came to power and with the beginning of the 3334:Johnson, Imani Kai; ﺟﻮﻧﺴﻮﻥ, ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻱ (2011). 3126:"The Pickaninny Dance, from the 'Passing Show'" 2600: 2457: 2250:A few video games feature breaking, including: 1568:Hip-hop dance § International competitions 699: 271:, in addition to the New York-based b-boying. 174:—and is typically set to songs containing drum 4812:"The Exploitation of Women in Hip-Hop Culture" 3950:Total Chaos: The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-Hop 3422: 2181:, premiered in South Korea on March 18, 2022. 1765:Similar to other hip-hop subcultures, such as 445:would have the crowd in the palm of my hand." 8183: 7311: 5557: 5410: 5241: 4671: 4365: 4363: 4016:Alien Ness's TOP 5 THINGS HE HATES IN BREAKIN 3333: 3037:That's the Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader 2624:. New York City: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 1962:using a fighting style based on breakdancing. 5167: 3329: 3327: 2572: 2570: 2443:"The True Story Behind Olympic Breakdancing" 836:, its popularity surged again. Owing to the 205:, as per a December 7, 2020 decision by the 5221:Breakdance: What does it mean to be a B-Boy 4994:Announcement of the book for the US release 4882: 4789:The Independent: Independent News and Media 4221:(in French). March 14, 2013. Archived from 3320:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 21. 3153:(MPG). Thomas A. Edison Inc. April 21, 1898 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 1945:) performing breakdance moves on a catwalk. 1024:(1984), and the immigration of people from 961:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 811:, who appeared on the American talent show 251:in which to play solo for a time. The term 8190: 8176: 7318: 7304: 5564: 5550: 5417: 5403: 5255: 5248: 5234: 4360: 4242: 4240: 4191:B-Boy Championships: From Bronx to Brixton 3869:"South Korea: World breakdancing capital?" 2112:or useless it would be in an actual fight. 53: 3982:Lyons, Jacob "Kujo" (February 15, 2012). 3919: 3917: 3915: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3448: 3446: 3324: 3068: 3062: 2761:: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC 2725:The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2567: 2360: 1843:Learn how and when to remove this message 981:Learn how and when to remove this message 685:intrigued their master. In the 1877 book 597:. A man or boy who engages in b-boying. " 274:A practitioner of this dance is called a 4861: 4704: 4188: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4062: 4060: 3766: 3188:. Nigeria: Huntley Film Archives. 1959. 2737: 2709: 2032:features a fictional martial art called 1752: 1656: 1439: 1431: 1305: 1219: 992: 714:, show clear connections to gymnastics. 642: 631: 119: 103: 4888: 4237: 3954:. New York City: BasicCivitas. p. 3840: 3805: 3803: 3624: 3375: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3228: 3192:from the original on December 21, 2021. 2905: 2843:"Breakdancing, Present at the Creation" 2822: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2653:. Dance Spirit Magazine. Archived from 2648: 2423: 1649:" Ramdani from Pockémon Crew and Omar " 14: 8649: 5017:"Break Street for Commodore 64 (1984)" 4838:"Hip-Hop Portrayal of Women Protested" 4645: 4619: 4593: 4445:from the original on September 3, 2011 4415:from the original on November 11, 2014 4096: 3912: 3892: 3609: 3587: 3559: 3443: 3431:from the original on December 21, 2021 3106:from the original on December 21, 2021 2807: 2615: 2585: 793: 336:. DJ Kool Herc has said that the term 8171: 7299: 7258:LGBT representations in hip hop music 5545: 5398: 5229: 4917:"대표 그만둔 박재범, JTBC 비보이 예능 '쇼다운' 출연 확정" 4897:from the original on October 29, 2018 4707:"A Breaking Battle Women Hope to Win" 4397: 4369: 4193:. London: Virgin Books. p. 185. 4145: 4057: 3981: 3945: 3866: 3668:from the original on October 11, 2012 3655: 3308: 2877:"'Funk Styles' History And Knowledge" 2812:. Minneapolis: Voyageur. p. 253. 2731: 2620:New York Ricans from the Hip Hop Zone 2576: 2468: 2366: 2199:The first breakdancing themed novel, 1958:features one of the main characters, 1561: 243:has been used in music, particularly 5136: 4835: 4705:La Rocco, Claudia (August 6, 2006). 4385:from the original on October 7, 2010 4375:"So you think they can break-dance?" 3893:Rivera, Selene (November 10, 2022). 3800: 3744:. September 17, 2013. Archived from 3452: 3340:Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 3295: 2669: 2503: 2419: 2417: 2415: 1825:adding citations to reliable sources 1796: 959:adding citations to reliable sources 926: 861: 4862:Shepherd, Julianne (June 1, 2005). 3560:Gbogbo, Mawunyo (August 12, 2024). 2914:. Dancer Publishing. Archived from 2857:from the original on April 21, 2010 2835: 2609: 2317:Breakdance Champion Red Bull BC One 1918:starred in a Hong Kong film called 1236:The situation changed in 1985 with 1121:gold medal for breakdancing at the 24: 5268:Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater 5160: 4889:Kawalik, Tracy (October 2, 2018). 4809: 4676:. In Perkins, William Eric (ed.). 4620:Peters, Andrew (August 10, 2024). 3809: 3698:from the original on July 11, 2012 3531: 3508:"J-Attack lays it down in B-Bo..." 3423:Coudntpickname (January 1, 2007). 2649:Freeman, Santiago (July 1, 2009). 1748: 1524:by the Incredible Bongo Band, and 25: 8683: 5199: 4646:Garcia, Gretty (August 9, 2024). 4549:"Genesis of Competitive Breaking" 4475:from the original on June 4, 2012 4019:. Mane One. Event occurs at 3:00 3841:Coskrey, Jason (August 9, 2024). 3656:Dwyer, Alex (February 19, 2012). 3588:Branco, Jorge (August 10, 2024). 3425:"Bboy/Bgirl Foundations: Toprock" 3279:. October 5, 2012. Archived from 2906:Klopman, Alan (January 1, 2007). 2412: 2277:Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix 2233:Mr. Fresh and the Supreme Rockers 1792: 1572:International B-Boy Championships 1389:are acrobatic moves that require 1301: 1185:. Soviet people lived behind the 59:A breakdancer performing outside 8197: 7276: 7275: 5383: 5130: 5105: 5080: 5053: 5023: 4933:. March 16, 2022. Archived from 4674:"Women Writin' Rappin' Breakin'" 2785: 2056:The 2013 American 3D dance film 2026:The 2009 Thai martial arts film 1801: 931: 865: 151:with notable contributions from 8112:Dance in mythology and religion 5211:B-boy community and news outlet 5009: 4985: 4963: 4949: 4923: 4909: 4855: 4829: 4803: 4777: 4752: 4726: 4698: 4665: 4639: 4613: 4594:Bachar, Zach (August 9, 2024). 4587: 4559: 4541: 4513: 4487: 4457: 4427: 4330: 4300: 4270: 4207: 4182: 4115: 4090: 4031: 4006: 3975: 3939: 3886: 3867:Usher, Charles (July 5, 2011). 3860: 3834: 3775: 3760: 3730: 3710: 3680: 3649: 3625:Jenkins, Greg (April 1, 2011). 3581: 3553: 3525: 3500: 3472: 3416: 3269: 3222: 3196: 3176: 3165: 3138: 3118: 3087: 3027: 3002: 2977: 2952: 2922: 2899: 2869: 2816: 2801: 2779: 2776:, Chicago Review Press, p. 293. 2766: 2750: 2738:Mansbach, Adam (May 24, 2009). 2700: 2642: 2245: 1812:needs additional citations for 1705:International Olympic Committee 1518:"Give It Up or Turn It a Loose" 1405:which is shortened and spelled 1296:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1251:Leninist Young Communist League 1172: 207:International Olympic Committee 4308:"Red Bull BC One – B-Boy Cico" 2763:, Chicago Review Press, p. 302 2727:(DVD). USA: QD3 Entertainment. 2549: 2523: 2497: 2435: 1535:, or compilations formed from 1128: 1056:Although social media such as 216: 13: 1: 5273:American Negro Ballet Company 4405:"R-16 Korea Sparkling, Seoul" 3532:Pu, Jason (August 10, 2024). 2353: 2259:is an 8-bit computer game by 2184: 2126:commercial featured a partly 2116: 1893:Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo 1757:A female breaker performs in 1703:, which is recognised by the 1667:in a cypher at R16 Korea 2014 536:Timothy "Popin' Pete" Solomon 7263:Feminist activism in hip hop 5424: 4836:Arce, Rose (March 4, 2005). 4760:"Firefly aka female breaker" 3627:"São Paulo's Original B-Boy" 3511:Australian Olympic Committee 2105:The 2010 German documentary 2043:The 2009 British drama film 1718:breaking as an Olympic sport 1528:by Babe Ruth to name a few. 1224:Breakdancing performance in 798: 587:American Heritage Dictionary 116:Breaking in the street, 2013 7: 7253:Partner violence in hip hop 5571: 4248:"About the Red Bull BC One" 3376:Schloss, Joseph G. (2006). 3229:Schloss, Joseph G. (2006). 2829:Library and Archives Canada 2377:The Vibe history of hip hop 2001:, as well as the TV series 905: 821:breaker Alien Ness visited 777:I Wonder If I Take You Home 552:Hip-Hop Dance Conservatory 211:World DanceSport Federation 139:(when performed by men) or 32:Breakdance (disambiguation) 10: 8688: 2723:Israel (director) (2002). 2605:. Oxford University Press. 2141:So You Think You Can Dance 2036:based on a combination of 1783:females in hip-hop culture 1716:in Paris saw the debut of 1693:2018 Summer Youth Olympics 1565: 1181:with the countries of the 1156:Korea Tourism Organization 1000:Youth breakdancing during 625: 621: 409:Some enthusiasts consider 209:, after a proposal by the 29: 8534: 8496: 8428: 8395: 8205: 8067: 7754: 7664: 7539: 7429: 7361: 7333: 7325: 7271: 7183: 7142: 7117: 6942: 6877: 6717:Bosnian and Herzegovinian 6690: 6578: 6456: 6445: 6411: 6342: 6331: 6207: 6182: 6092: 6081: 6000: 5953: 5749: 5738: 5730:Bristol underground scene 5697: 5624: 5581: 5498: 5432: 5381: 5263: 3927:. DOZADO. January 5, 2017 3873:Christian Science Monitor 2808:Fuhrer, Margaret (2014). 2367:Verán, Christina (1999). 2147:America's Best Dance Crew 2073:The 1983 PBS documentary 1781:the traditional image of 1427: 1381:limbs through each other. 1067: 922: 857: 750: 638:The Rob Roy on the Baltic 94: 86: 78: 68: 52: 8332:Lean wit It, Rock wit It 5433:List of breakdance moves 4160:"The Notorious IBE 2009" 4127:BraunBattleOfTheYear.com 4123:"Meeting the Dream Team" 4072:BraunBattleoftheYear.com 3767:Meghelli, Samir (2012). 2601:Schloss, Joseph (2009). 1653:" Delgado from Squadron. 1483: 1083: 1051: 771:to further his message. 628:History of hip hop dance 3040:. New York: Routledge. 2424:Heinilä, Harri (2023). 1855: 1636:was created in 2004 by 840:in 2020–21, because of 381:. Frosty Freeze of the 221:The origin of the term 143:(women), is a style of 63:, Boston, United States 40:B-girl (disambiguation) 8606:Novelty and fad dances 5257:African-American dance 4973:. Nicolaus-schmidt.com 4785:"Women Get the Breaks" 4672:Nancy Guevara (1996). 4044:June 29, 2016, at the 3984:"Krazy Kujo Interview" 3069:Macgregor, J. (1867). 2883:. 2008. Archived from 2823:Fogarty, Mary (2008). 2471:"It's a Hip-Hop World" 2345:video game franchise, 2209:The B-Boys of Beaumont 1980:Step Up 2: The Streets 1762: 1668: 1661:A breakdancer does an 1460: 1450: 1444: 1437: 1332: 1233: 1074:New York City Breakers 1005: 781:Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam 700: 693:describes seeing near 656: 640: 607:"break·ing (brā kĭng) 524:The Electric Boogaloos 475:New York City Breakers 125: 117: 36:B-boy (disambiguation) 8672:Summer Olympic sports 6431:Alternative reggaeton 5710:Universal Zulu Nation 5216:B-boying media source 4078:on September 25, 2011 3818:. MIT. Archived from 3046:10.4324/9780203642191 2918:on November 16, 2011. 2881:ElectricBoogaloos.com 2851:National Public Radio 2772:Edwards, Paul, 2009, 2756:Edwards, Paul, 2009, 2211:, which won the 2004 2082:The 2007 documentary 1931:The 2001 comedy film 1756: 1660: 1455: 1446: 1443: 1435: 1314: 1223: 996: 769:Universal Zulu Nation 733:Can't Stop Won't Stop 687:Rob Roy on the Baltic 647:A breaker practicing 646: 635: 365:causing a disturbance 229:in a 1980 profile by 123: 115: 27:Style of street dance 8077:Dance and disability 7196:Contemporary R&B 7005:Minneapolis/St. Paul 5113:"Review: Floor Kids" 4288:on December 21, 2010 4258:on February 10, 2010 4225:on February 28, 2014 4054:, December 19, 2019. 3946:Chang, Jeff (2006). 3742:The World of Chinese 3096:The Pickaninny Dance 2853:. October 14, 2002. 2657:on November 21, 2010 2563:. December 12, 2020. 2469:Chang, Jeff (2007). 2341:In the long-running 2217:short story contest. 2016:Kickin' It Old Skool 1821:improve this article 1713:2024 Summer Olympics 1213:, as well as in the 955:improve this section 755:Breaking started as 513:, by Joseph Schloss 355:acting energetically 340:was 1970s slang for 199:2024 Summer Olympics 8267:Chicken Noodle Soup 8122:Dance on television 5800:Chopped and screwed 5705:Five-Percent Nation 5206:History of B-boying 4959:. February 4, 2022. 4348:on October 20, 2012 4318:on February 9, 2010 4037:Francois Marchand, 3994:on December 6, 2017 2940:on February 3, 2012 2887:on February 9, 2010 2579:New York Daily News 2561:worlddancesport.org 2504:Hall, Josh (2020). 2153:Step Up: High Water 2132:Singin' in the Rain 2124:Volkswagen Golf GTi 2004:Step Up: High Water 1937:depicts Zoolander ( 1688:Youth Olympic Games 1279:Dancing on the Roof 1123:Paris 2024 Olympics 1117:won the first ever 1062:underground culture 794:Worldwide expansion 741:Five-Percent Nation 701:Giesse Harad Polska 236:New York Daily News 49: 5181:St. Martin's Press 5041:on October 2, 2009 4764:BBC Living section 4712:The New York Times 4575:. December 7, 2020 4529:. December 7, 2020 4501:. January 25, 2017 3812:"Japanese Hip-Hop" 3726:. August 10, 2024. 3488:. October 28, 2023 3283:on October 5, 2012 3208:Milwaukee Magazine 2912:DancerUniverse.com 2688:on October 8, 2011 2537:. January 19, 2023 2289:game released for 2223:, a photo book by 2108:Neukölln Unlimited 2099:Battle of the Year 2090:Battle of the Year 2059:Battle of the Year 1992:Step Up Revolution 1952:television series 1921:Mismatched Couples 1763: 1669: 1621:Chelles Battle Pro 1601:Battle of the Year 1579:Battle of the Year 1562:Major competitions 1445: 1438: 1333: 1234: 1165:, Rivers Crew and 1148:Battle of the Year 1006: 877:. You can help by 657: 641: 636:"Salmon polka" in 541:Electric Boogaloos 496:Mandalit del Barco 126: 118: 47: 8644: 8643: 8468:Melbourne shuffle 8463:Liquid and digits 8297:Electric boogaloo 8165: 8164: 8117:Dance occupations 8054:Wallis and Futuna 7293: 7292: 7179: 7178: 6441: 6440: 6327: 6326: 6077: 6076: 5657:Feminist activism 5539: 5538: 5392: 5391: 5190:978-0-312-37317-7 5092:www.floorkids.com 4870:on August 5, 2011 4441:. June 23, 2011. 4411:. July 30, 2009. 4373:(June 26, 2008). 4200:978-0-7535-4001-5 4189:DJ Hooch (2011). 4170:on April 19, 2010 3899:Los Angeles Times 3822:on April 22, 2011 3793:978-0-9671741-1-2 3748:on April 27, 2019 3513:. August 11, 2024 3210:. August 28, 2019 3055:978-0-203-64219-1 2221:Breakin' the city 2040:and breakdancing. 1853: 1852: 1845: 1612:The Notorious IBE 1312: 1238:Mikhail Gorbachev 991: 990: 983: 895: 894: 842:social distancing 838:COVID-19 pandemic 619: 618: 593:"b-boy (bē′boi′) 269:electric boogaloo 149:African Americans 113: 102: 101: 16:(Redirected from 8679: 8564:Dancehall dances 8192: 8185: 8178: 8169: 8168: 8152:History of dance 8137:Dance technology 8082:Dance and health 8032:African-American 7320: 7313: 7306: 7297: 7296: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7146: 7121: 6983:Washington, D.C. 6946: 6881: 6694: 6582: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6414: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6279:Na mele paleoleo 6211: 6186: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6004: 5957: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5575: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5543: 5542: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5396: 5395: 5387: 5293:Dancing for eels 5288:Chicago stepping 5250: 5243: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5194: 5178: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5137:Plunkett, Luke. 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5037:. 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1849: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1818: 1806: 1795: 1751: 1749:Female presence 1633:Red Bull BC One 1626:Chelles, France 1574: 1564: 1486: 1430: 1306: 1304: 1192: 1175: 1136:Korean-American 1131: 1086: 1070: 1054: 1012: 987: 976: 970: 967: 952: 936: 925: 908: 891: 885: 882: 875:needs expansion 860: 805:B-Boy All Stars 801: 796: 790: 753: 630: 624: 539: 457: 367: 364: 361: 357: 354: 351: 347: 345:getting excited 344: 341: 330:is to the word 315: 312: 309: 301: 298: 295: 219: 104: 64: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8685: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8582: 8581: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8540: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8502: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8434: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8401: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8217: 8211: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8195: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8172: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8157:Women in dance 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8127:Dance research 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8102:Dance notation 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8073: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7768: 7766: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7670: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7556: 7551: 7545: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7371: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7348:List of dances 7345: 7340: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7323: 7322: 7315: 7308: 7300: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7150: 7148: 7145:South American 7140: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7061:Asian American 7058: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6953:United States: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6945:North American 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6885: 6883: 6880:Middle Eastern 6875: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6698: 6696: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6586: 6584: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6464: 6462: 6451: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6364:Florida breaks 6361: 6359:Baltimore club 6350: 6348: 6337: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6309:Urban Pasifika 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6289:Romany hip hop 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6244:Hip hop galsen 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6215: 6213: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6190: 6188: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6139:New jack swing 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6087: 6079: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6022:Brooklyn drill 6014: 6008: 6006: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5920: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5856: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5757: 5755: 5744: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5500: 5499:Related dances 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5201: 5200:External links 5198: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5129: 5104: 5079: 5052: 5022: 5008: 4984: 4962: 4948: 4922: 4908: 4881: 4854: 4828: 4802: 4776: 4751: 4740:. June 3, 2005 4725: 4697: 4690: 4664: 4638: 4612: 4586: 4558: 4540: 4512: 4486: 4456: 4426: 4396: 4359: 4329: 4299: 4282:ProDance.co.uk 4269: 4236: 4206: 4199: 4181: 4144: 4114: 4089: 4056: 4030: 4005: 3988:B-Boy Magazine 3974: 3964: 3938: 3911: 3885: 3859: 3833: 3799: 3792: 3774: 3759: 3729: 3709: 3692:TinyToones.org 3679: 3648: 3631:WeRClassic.com 3608: 3580: 3552: 3524: 3499: 3471: 3442: 3415: 3388:(3): 411–432. 3361: 3323: 3294: 3268: 3221: 3195: 3175: 3164: 3137: 3117: 3086: 3061: 3054: 3026: 3001: 2976: 2951: 2921: 2898: 2868: 2834: 2815: 2810:American Dance 2800: 2778: 2765: 2749: 2730: 2708: 2699: 2668: 2641: 2634: 2608: 2584: 2566: 2548: 2522: 2496: 2477:(163): 58–65. 2475:Foreign Policy 2456: 2434: 2411: 2389: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2339: 2332: 2314: 2306: 2298: 2280: 2274: 2264: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2231:Breakdancing: 2228: 2218: 2205:Linden Dalecki 2197: 2186: 2183: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2103: 2080: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2054: 2041: 2029:Raging Phoenix 2024: 2011: 2008: 1963: 1946: 1941:) and Hansel ( 1857: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1809: 1807: 1800: 1794: 1793:Media exposure 1791: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1708: 1683: 1655: 1654: 1629: 1617: 1608: 1563: 1560: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1412: 1382: 1366: 1303: 1302:Dance elements 1300: 1174: 1171: 1130: 1127: 1085: 1082: 1069: 1066: 1053: 1050: 989: 988: 939: 937: 930: 924: 921: 907: 904: 893: 892: 872: 870: 859: 856: 827:Western Sydney 800: 797: 795: 792: 752: 749: 691:John MacGregor 623: 620: 617: 616: 614: 613: 612: 605: 598: 589: 583: 582: 580: 577: 571: 570: 568: 553: 549: 548: 546: 543: 532: 531: 529: 526: 520: 519: 517: 514: 505: 504: 502: 499: 492: 491: 489: 477: 471:Michael Holman 467: 466: 464: 461: 449: 448: 446: 442: 436: 435: 432: 429: 396:Big Daddy Kane 394:, and rappers 255:has become an 218: 215: 147:originated by 135:, also called 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 82:Street dancers 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 58: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8684: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667:Hip hop dance 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8438:Electro dance 8436: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8394: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8357:Shoulder Lean 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8282:Cupid Shuffle 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8257:Cabbage Patch 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8193: 8188: 8186: 8181: 8179: 8174: 8173: 8170: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8147:Dancing mania 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8132:Dance science 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8107:Dance in film 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8092:Dance costume 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8027:United States 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7867:Faroe Islands 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7484:Neo-Burlesque 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7389:open position 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7379:close embrace 7377: 7376: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362:Participation 7360: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7316: 7314: 7309: 7307: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7286: 7285: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7211:Record player 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7116: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6973:New York City 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6919:Saudi Arabian 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6550:South African 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6534: 6533:Port Harcourt 6531: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6444: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6314:Vigilante rap 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6284:Nuyorican rap 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6084:Fusion genres 6080: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837:Freestyle rap 5835: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5795:Chipmunk soul 5793: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 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5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5165: 5144: 5140: 5133: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5056: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5018: 5012: 4997:. Artbook.com 4996: 4995: 4988: 4972: 4966: 4958: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4918: 4912: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4858: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4817: 4816:MySistahs.org 4813: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4765: 4761: 4755: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4701: 4693: 4691:1-56639-362-0 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4668: 4653: 4649: 4642: 4627: 4623: 4616: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4262:September 20, 4257: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4101: 4093: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4052: 4051:Vancouver Sun 4047: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4018: 4017: 4009: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3967: 3965:0-465-00909-3 3961: 3957: 3952: 3951: 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2913: 2909: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2811: 2804: 2793:September 30, 2789: 2782: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2726: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2703: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2656: 2652: 2651:"Planet Funk" 2645: 2637: 2635:1-4039-6043-7 2631: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2612: 2604: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2444: 2438: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2390:0-609-80503-7 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2359: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2302:Bust a Groove 2299: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2188: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2022: 2021:Jamie Kennedy 2018: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1899:Delivery Boys 1895: 1894: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1864: 1847: 1844: 1836: 1833:November 2007 1826: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1810:This section 1808: 1804: 1799: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1760: 1755: 1743: 1739: 1738:2032 Olympics 1735: 1734:2028 Olympics 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643:Turn It Loose 1639: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1526:"The Mexican" 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1490:hip-hop music 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1442: 1434: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1299: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1081: 1079: 1078:Sidney Duteil 1075: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1003: 999: 995: 985: 982: 974: 971:February 2021 964: 960: 956: 950: 949: 945: 940:This section 938: 934: 929: 928: 920: 917: 913: 903: 900: 889: 880: 876: 873:This section 871: 868: 864: 863: 855: 852: 848: 843: 839: 835: 834:2024 Olympics 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 815: 810: 806: 791: 788: 786: 782: 778: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 748: 746: 742: 737: 735: 734: 729: 725: 721: 715: 713: 708: 702: 696: 692: 688: 683: 679: 675: 671: 666: 663: 654: 650: 645: 639: 634: 629: 615: 610: 606: 603: 599: 596: 592: 591: 590: 588: 585: 584: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 569: 566: 562: 558: 554: 551: 550: 547: 544: 542: 537: 534: 533: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 518: 515: 512: 511: 507: 506: 503: 500: 498:, journalist 497: 494: 493: 490: 486: 482: 478: 476: 472: 469: 468: 465: 462: 460: 455: 451: 450: 447: 443: 441: 438: 437: 433: 430: 427: 426: 423: 420: 416: 412: 407: 405: 402:use the term 401: 397: 393: 388: 384: 380: 376: 371: 339: 335: 334: 329: 325: 321: 307: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 257:umbrella term 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 224: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 195:Olympic sport 191: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 160: 158: 154: 153:Puerto Ricans 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 122: 98:New York City 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 73:Hip-hop dance 71: 67: 62: 56: 51: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8662:Street dance 8307:Harlem shake 8220:Breakdancing 8219: 8199:Street dance 8142:Dance troupe 8087:Dance awards 7982:Pontic Greek 7689:Dance theory 7679:Choreography 7591:Contemporary 7585: 7280: 7228:Hip hop skit 7223:Drum machine 7184:Other topics 7077: 6978:Philadelphia 6952: 6421:Funk carioca 6371:Ghetto house 6229:Boomba music 6119:Hip hop soul 6032:Sample drill 6027:Jersey drill 5854:Instrumental 5585: 5425: 5308:Breakdancing 5307: 5174: 5169:Steven Hager 5148:February 25, 5146:. Retrieved 5142: 5132: 5122:February 25, 5120:. Retrieved 5116: 5107: 5097:February 25, 5095:. Retrieved 5091: 5088:"Floor Kids" 5082: 5072:November 25, 5070:. Retrieved 5064: 5055: 5045:September 9, 5043:. Retrieved 5039:the original 5034: 5025: 5011: 4999:. Retrieved 4993: 4987: 4975:. Retrieved 4965: 4951: 4939:. Retrieved 4935:the original 4925: 4911: 4899:. Retrieved 4884: 4874:September 9, 4872:. Retrieved 4868:the original 4857: 4847:September 9, 4845:. Retrieved 4841: 4831: 4821:September 9, 4819:. Retrieved 4815: 4805: 4795:September 9, 4793:. Retrieved 4788: 4779: 4769:September 9, 4767:. Retrieved 4763: 4754: 4744:September 9, 4742:. Retrieved 4737: 4728: 4718:September 9, 4716:. Retrieved 4710: 4700: 4677: 4667: 4655:. Retrieved 4652:Cosmopolitan 4651: 4641: 4629:. Retrieved 4625: 4615: 4603:. Retrieved 4599: 4589: 4577:. Retrieved 4570: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4531:. Retrieved 4524: 4515: 4503:. Retrieved 4498: 4489: 4477:. Retrieved 4469:OurBBoys.com 4468: 4459: 4447:. 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Retrieved 2376: 2362: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2282: 2276: 2271:Commodore 64 2267:Break Street 2266: 2254: 2249: 2246:Video gaming 2235:Show You How 2230: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2191: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2120: 2106: 2097: 2094:Planet B-Boy 2093: 2085:Planet B-Boy 2083: 2074: 2068: 2057: 2051:Katie Jarvis 2044: 2033: 2027: 2014: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1953: 1932: 1926: 1919: 1909: 1905:Krush Groove 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1839: 1830: 1819:Please help 1814:verification 1811: 1787: 1779: 1764: 1744:, Australia. 1711: 1697:Buenos Aires 1686: 1678: 1672: 1662: 1642: 1631: 1619: 1610: 1605:Planet B-Boy 1604: 1600: 1593:Planet B-Boy 1591: 1577: 1530: 1487: 1463:techniques. 1461: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1414: 1406: 1403:Thomas Flair 1384: 1378: 1368: 1339: 1334: 1293: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1235: 1201: 1197: 1190: 1187:Iron Curtain 1183:Western Bloc 1176: 1173:Soviet Union 1160: 1145: 1132: 1112: 1108: 1087: 1071: 1055: 1047: 1019: 1010: 1007: 1004:Celebrations 977: 968: 953:Please help 941: 909: 896: 883: 879:adding to it 874: 847:Rachael Gunn 831: 812: 802: 789: 775:hit single " 773: 754: 738: 731: 730:in his book 720:DJ Kool Herc 716: 686: 667: 661: 658: 637: 608: 601: 594: 557:philistinism 509: 484: 479:"Maybe what 418: 411:breakdancing 410: 408: 403: 392:Fab 5 Freddy 378: 374: 372: 337: 332: 327: 324:DJ Kool Herc 319: 305: 291: 290:. The terms 287: 283: 279: 275: 273: 253:breakdancing 252: 248: 240: 234: 222: 220: 192: 161: 145:street dance 140: 136: 132: 129:Breakdancing 128: 127: 61:Faneuil Hall 48:Breakdancing 44: 8586:Headbanging 8397:House dance 8362:Stanky Legg 8352:Running man 8327:Laffy Taffy 8240:Power moves 7972:Philippines 7957:Netherlands 7947:Middle East 7499:Table dance 7464:Go go dance 7444:Competitive 7248:Video vixen 7243:Synthesizer 7216:Turntablism 7201:Disc jockey 7134:New Zealand 6914:Palestinian 6809:Montenegrin 6600:Bangladeshi 6595:Azerbaijani 6334:Derivatives 6319:Zenji flava 6294:Songo-salsa 6224:Bongo flava 6104:Country rap 5992:Memphis rap 5975:Mafioso rap 5970:Gangsta rap 5945:Underground 5940:Turntablism 5864:Chicano rap 5766:Hipster hop 5761:Alternative 5360:Stick dance 5345:Set de flo' 5117:destructoid 5001:November 8, 4977:November 8, 4901:October 29, 4579:January 23, 4533:January 23, 4371:Chang, Jeff 4292:December 5, 4164:Style43.com 3931:November 3, 3878:November 8, 3595:Nine.com.au 3435:November 8, 3427:. 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News 2373:Light, Alan 2347:Goro Majima 2338:soundtrack. 2256:Break Dance 2136:Mint Royale 2034:meiraiyutth 1943:Owen Wilson 1939:Ben Stiller 1911:Beat Street 1722:Thomas Bach 1588:Montpellier 1584:the Balkans 1386:Power moves 1363:house dance 1329:power moves 1289:Publication 1273:(Belarus), 1269:(Ukraine), 1242:Perestroika 1230:Latvian SSR 1202:Beat Street 1129:South Korea 1103:Yoyogi Park 1042:Los Angeles 1021:Beat Street 886:August 2024 851:round-robin 814:Star Search 662:The Caravan 440:Kurtis Blow 419:breakdancer 284:breakdancer 227:Kurtis Blow 217:Terminology 168:power moves 90:Early 1980s 8657:Breakdance 8651:Categories 8574:Folk dance 8544:Air guitar 8511:Charleston 8498:Jazz dance 8478:Rebolation 8453:Industrial 8448:Hard dance 8430:Rave dance 8272:Crank That 8039:Uzbekistan 7807:Azerbaijan 7716:Musicality 7684:Connection 7641:Postmodern 7611:Historical 7494:Striptease 7489:Pole dance 7439:Ceremonial 7394:slow dance 7129:Australian 7108:Salvadoran 7044:West Coast 6990:Midwestern 6968:New Jersey 6958:East Coast 6804:Macedonian 6779:Portuguese 6672:Sri Lankan 6662:Philippine 6627:Indonesian 6570:Zimbabwean 6545:Senegalese 6383:Glitch hop 6376:Ghettotech 6345:Electronic 6234:Cumbia rap 6194:Trap metal 6129:Industrial 6044:Latin trap 6003:Trap music 5987:Horrorcore 5930:Snap music 5914:Religious 5881:Mumble rap 5876:Miami bass 5832:East Coast 5725:Golden age 5720:New school 5715:Old-school 5679:Production 5632:Battle rap 5615:Beatboxing 5335:Juba dance 5278:Buck dance 5035:psp411.com 4657:August 14, 4631:August 14, 4605:August 14, 4505:August 25, 4419:August 28, 4389:August 28, 4352:October 9, 4174:October 8, 3601:August 13, 3573:August 13, 3545:August 13, 3517:August 13, 3492:August 13, 3464:August 13, 3241:(3): 420. 2944:October 9, 2891:August 24, 2827:. 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