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or "wobble", which caused wear where it meets the inside of the valve casing, becoming loose as a result, and leading to further problems such as air leaks and lubricant loss. Thus, the Thayer valve can have higher cleaning, maintenance and lubrication requirements than other valve designs. They can
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A 2011 patent granted to
Michael Olsen of Instrument Innovations also greatly improved the valve by (among other things) mounting bearings at both ends of the rotor spindle. This increased the speed and reliability of the action, and eliminated the "floating rotor" design problem and its associated
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The Thayer Valve uses a conical rotor (although the 1978 patent and early prototypes were cylindrical), with its spindle rotation axis parallel to the incoming and outgoing tubing. The airflow undergoes a maximum of 28° of deflection through the valve, which makes an F attachment's open-wrap tubing
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due to the use of unsuitable metals in the manufacture of different parts of the valve. Early valves used cast brass for the rotors, which made them heavy and slow to actuate; an initial solution to this problem was to use aluminium and other metal alloys for the rotor to try to reduce its mass.
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Thayer filed several further patents in the 1980s which attempted to solve some of the initial design problems, as well as other innovations to reduce costs of manufacture and improve the speed of action. These involved using spring tensioners to hold the rotor against the casing to prevent air
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Rotary valve in default (A) and engaged (B) positions. The airflow from mouthpiece (1) to bell (2) passes through two 90° bends when diverted through the valve ports or "knuckles" (6) into the valve tubing (3); 4. valve casing; 5. internal rotor; 7. rotor
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Cristian Bosc, Italian brass instrument maker, has improved the axial flow valve design by fabricating both the rotor and the valve casing from single pieces of solid brass with no soldered parts. This was to address leakage and corrosion problems.
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The change in timbre and response in the valve section was also made more pronounced by the wrap of the valve tubing, traditionally in several tight loops to fit the length of tubing within the bell section, that was the norm until the 1980s.
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Some players, especially bass trombonists, claim that more resistance enhances the response of low notes on the valve side (below E♭). This group finds playing open flowing designs like the axial flow valve to be more of a strain.
214:
Axial flow valve in default (A) and engaged (B) positions. 1. airflow, from mouthpiece; 2. airflow, to bell; 3. valve tubing; 4. valve casing; 5. conical rotor; 6. input (a) and return (b) valve ports; 7. spindle axis of
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and almost completely straight construction. Valve tubing aside, there are only two bends, one each in the slide and bell section. In contrast, the distinctly softer sound of other brass instrument families like the
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This activity has also spurred many patents and refinements in traditional rotary valve designs for other instruments as well as trombones, such as the
Willson Rotax valves found on many
156:. Combined with open-wrap tubing, it eliminates the impedance caused by tight tubing bends, improving the airflow through the instrument and the open "feel" perceived by the player.
243:
The conical rotor's spindle was only anchored at the wide end of the cone, the other end free to rotate inside the casing. This "floating" tip of the conical rotor would undergo
173:
When engaged, a rotary valve deflects the air flow through extra valve tubing, using tight, small radius bends of at least 90° angles, leading to a stuffy response and audible
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177:
changes, compared to the "open" instrument. These drawbacks are especially noticeable on the trombone, since its characteristic timbre results directly from its
220:
even more efficient. As a result, the response, tone colour and other playing characteristics are nearly unchanged from those of the open instrument, even on
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141:
design patented in 1978 by Orla Ed Thayer. Designed with assistance from
Zigmant Kanstul, it was originally intended to replace the traditional
285:
use this design for their "Infinity Valve" on their "AF" trombones, which replaced their "T" trombones that used the older Thayer design.
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and tubas, the Lätzsch "Full Flow" valve, the
Greenhoe valve, the Kanstul "Controlled Resistance" valve, and the Edwards AR-1 valve.
297:" among trombone designers and manufacturers that continues today. Newer valve designs include the relatively successful Swiss
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also be more difficult to disassemble and clean than a standard rotary valve, especially on double-valve bass trombones.
457:, Thayer, Orla E., "Rotary sound path selector valve with biased rotor", issued 6 March 1990, class G10D9/04
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There were several problems with early Thayer valve designs, noted by players and instrument repairers.
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in the 1990s, as well as less successful designs like the Miller valve and the Yamaha "V" valve.
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397:. Dictionaries for the Modern Musician. Illustrator: Lennie Peterson. Lanham:
309:, the S.E. Shires Tru-Bore valve, the Balanced Valve System or "K" valve from
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An
Illustrated Dictionary for the Modern Trombone, Tuba, and Euphonium Player
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for the rotor, to reduce its mass and prevent corrosion issues.
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List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
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Two independent axial flow valves on a Shires bass trombone
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and their intricate construction with many bows and bends.
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found on trombones from many
European manufacturers, the
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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293:The invention of the Thayer Valve kicked off an "
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518:Woodwind & Brasswind (10 September 2013).
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269:leaks, and using materials such as plastic or
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149:, but instead revolutionized the design of
125:Thayer axial flow valve on a tenor trombone
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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194:is at least partially a result of their
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1242:Brass instrument parts and accessories
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224:with two independent valves fitted.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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389:
13:
347:The Orla Ed Thayer Tribute website
14:
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521:Bach 42AF Infinity Valve Trombone
340:
472:
23:
235:Valves sometimes suffered from
34:needs additional citations for
1139:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
479:C. Bosc Brass Instrument Maker
475:"Axial "SMILE" trombone valve"
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16:Type of brass instrument valve
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1144:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
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393:(2021). "axial flow valve".
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281:wear and precession issues.
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1206:Pitch of brass instruments
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256:Evolution and improvement
526:Vincent Bach Corporation
399:Rowman & Littlefield
990:Marching baritone horn
330:Brass instrument valve
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139:brass instrument valve
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1175:Classical trombonists
772:Double bell euphonium
500:US patent 7910815
455:US patent 4905564
367:US patent 4112806
263:
213:
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535:– via YouTube.
43:improve this article
1124:British brass band
995:Marching euphonium
762:Subcontrabass tuba
303:Christian Lindberg
266:
237:galvanic corrosion
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58:"Axial flow valve"
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1185:Euphonium players
574:Brass instruments
408:978-1-538-15966-8
154:valve attachments
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1180:Jazz trombonists
1160:(all) Trumpeters
1098:Axial flow valve
1010:Contrabass bugle
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839:Natural trumpet
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341:External links
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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44:
38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1216:Horn section
1170:Horn players
1129:Balkan brass
1097:
1036:Rotary valve
1031:Piston valve
962:Tibetan horn
829:Natural horn
807:Mute cornett
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529:. Retrieved
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513:
494:
482:. Retrieved
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394:
391:Yeo, Douglas
361:
318:French horns
315:
292:
283:Vincent Bach
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196:conical bore
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143:rotary valve
135:Thayer valve
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
673:Wagner tuba
668:Vienna horn
663:German horn
658:French horn
531:1 September
484:2 September
305:valve from
175:tone colour
147:French horn
1119:Brass band
1068:Pedal tone
1058:Mouthpiece
1053:Embouchure
1005:Sousaphone
1000:Trombonium
985:Mellophone
920:Indigenous
911:Jazzophone
901:Saxotromba
891:Sudrophone
881:Ophicleide
802:Cornettino
785:Antiquated
736:Flugelhorn
687:Contrabass
595:Contrabass
441:Q111040546
425:1249799159
417:2021020757
353:References
245:precession
69:newspapers
1112:Ensembles
1093:Water key
1078:Valve oil
834:Post horn
767:Euphonium
746:Kuhlohorn
707:Superbone
524:(video).
433:34132790M
295:arms race
289:Aftermath
228:Criticism
215:rotation.
206:Invention
1236:Category
1088:Leadpipe
977:Marching
937:Vuvuzela
712:Cimbasso
681:Trombone
620:Firebird
437:Wikidata
324:See also
188:saxhorns
169:spindle.
151:trombone
99:May 2010
1190:Tubists
1153:Players
927:Alphorn
906:Bazooka
896:Saxtuba
886:Serpent
869:Helicon
864:Sackbut
849:Buccina
797:Cornett
792:Clarion
741:Fiscorn
720:Saxhorn
702:Soprano
625:Flumpet
605:Piccolo
589:Trumpet
160:Problem
145:on the
137:, is a
83:scholar
1063:Falset
1026:Valves
957:Sringa
952:Shofar
947:Carnyx
859:Buccin
633:Cornet
581:Modern
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271:Teflon
190:, and
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1199:Other
1083:Crook
1043:Mutes
967:Wazza
942:Nyele
932:Nabal
819:Cornu
653:Bugle
192:tubas
184:horns
133:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
1073:Bore
824:Dord
756:Tuba
697:Alto
692:Bass
647:Horn
600:Bass
533:2022
486:2022
421:OCLC
413:LCCN
403:ISBN
311:Bach
307:Conn
129:The
62:news
45:by
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477:.
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429:OL
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380:^
186:,
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87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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