1935:. Fayetteville Works was the site where DuPont began manufacture of PFOA after the lawsuit in Parkersburg WV halted their production there. When EPA asked companies to voluntarily phase out PFOA production, it was replaced by GenX in Fayetteville Works. In June of 2017, The Wilmington Star-News broke the story that GenX was found in the Cape Fear River – the drinking water supply for 500,000 people. The source of the pollution was determined to be the Fayetteville Works site, which had been run by DuPont since its founding in 1971 and then managed by DuPont spinoff, The Chemours Company, since 2015. The water utility confirmed they had no ability to filter these chemicals from the drinking water. NC Dpt of Environmental Quality records indicate that DuPont started release PFAS into the area beginning in 1976 with the production of Nafion, and that PFAS including GenX had been released as a byproduct of the production of Vinyl Ethers since 1980, exposing the Cape Fear Basin for decades. A small nonprofit called Cape Fear River Watch sued the NC Dept. of Environmental Quality (DEQ) for not taking swifter and stronger action, and sued the polluter, Chemours for violations of the Clean Water Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act. The result was a Consent Order, signed February 25, 2019 by Cape Fear River Watch, NC Department of Environmental Quality, and Chemours. The order has required Chemours to stop wastewater discharge, air emissions, groundwater discharge, sampling and filtration options to well users, and required sampling that proved there were upwards of 300 distinct PFAS being released from Fayetteville Works.
1163:
1433:
90:
607:. The gas in its pressure bottle stopped flowing before the bottle's weight had dropped to the point signaling "empty". John J. Beall (chemist), noticing a weight differential in his test cylinder brought it to the attention of Roy Plunket. The chemists in the lab sawed the bottle apart and found the bottle's interior coated with a waxy white material that was oddly slippery. Analysis showed that it was polymerized perfluoroethylene, with the iron from the inside of the container having acted as a catalyst at high pressure. Kinetic Chemicals patented the new fluorinated plastic (analogous to the already known
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856:, which is a white solid at room temperature, with a density of about 2200 kg/m and a melting point of 600 K (327 °C; 620 °F). It maintains high strength, toughness and self-lubrication at low temperatures down to 5 K (−268.2 °C; −450.7 °F), and good flexibility at temperatures above 194 K (−79.15 °C; −110.5 °F). PTFE gains its properties from the aggregate effect of
4580:
5168:
1863:(PFOS) have been estimated to be in every American person's blood stream in the parts per billion range, though those concentrations have decreased by 70% for PFOA and 84% for PFOS between 1999 and 2014, which coincides with the end of the production and phase out of PFOA and PFOS in the US. The general population has been exposed to PFOA through massive dumping of C8 waste into the ocean and near the
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debulking (vacuum removal of air from between layers of laid-up plies of material) and when curing the composite, usually in an autoclave. The PTFE, used here as a film, prevents the non-production materials from sticking to the part being built, which is sticky due to the carbon-graphite or fiberglass plies being pre-pregnated with
1890:
conducted studies on the population of
Parkersburg, WV surrounding the (former DuPont) Chemours Washington Works chemical plant that was exposed to PFOA at levels greater than in the general population. The studies concluded that there was an association between PFOA exposure and six health outcomes:
812:
Granular PTFE is produced via suspension polymerization, where PTFE is suspended in an aqueous medium primarily via agitation and sometimes with the use of a surfactant. PTFE is also synthesized via emulsion polymerization, where a surfactant is the primary means of keeping PTFE in an aqueous medium.
1354:
PTFE is used in some aerosol lubricant sprays, including in micronized and polarized form. It is notable for its extremely low coefficient of friction, its hydrophobia (which serves to inhibit rust), and for the dry film it forms after application, which allows it to resist collecting particles that
1275:
PTFE film is also widely used in the production of carbon fiber composites as well as fiberglass composites, notably in the aerospace industry. PTFE film is used as a barrier between the carbon or fiberglass part being built, and breather and bagging materials used to incapsulate the bondment when
1076:
Processing PTFE can be difficult and expensive, because the high melting temperature, 327 °C (621 °F), is above the decomposition temperature. Even when molten, PTFE does not flow due to its exceedingly high melt-viscosity. The viscosity and melting point can be decreased by inclusion of
1801:
and stain-resistant fabric coatings, but non-stick cookware was not found to be a major source of exposure, as the PFOA is burned off during the manufacturing process and not present in the finished product. Non-stick coated cookware has not been manufactured using PFOA since 2013, and PFOA is no
671:
is one example of radiation processing. Cross-linked PTFE has improved high-temperature mechanical properties and radiation stability. That was significant because, for many years, irradiation at ambient conditions has been used to break down PTFE for recycling. This radiation-induced
382:
1040:
Because of its chemical and thermal properties, PTFE is often used as a gasket material within industries that require resistance to aggressive chemicals such as pharmaceuticals or chemical processing. However, until the 1990s, PTFE was not known to crosslink like an
1972:
These retain the useful PTFE properties of low friction and nonreactivity, but are also more easily formable. For example, FEP is softer than PTFE and melts at 533 K (260 °C; 500 °F); it is also highly transparent and resistant to sunlight.
1742:
An animal study conducted in 1955 concluded that it is unlikely that these products would be generated in amounts significant to health at temperatures below 250 °C (482 °F). Above those temperatures the degradation by-products can be lethal to
657:, who had been using the substance on scientific utensils, marketed the first US-made PTFE-coated pan, "The Happy Pan", in 1961. Non-stick cookware has since become a common household product, now offered by hundreds of manufacturers across the world.
1668:
PTFE is widely used as a non-stick coating for food processing equipment; dough hoppers, mixing bowls, conveyor systems, rollers, and chutes. PTFE can also be reinforced where abrasion is present – for equipment processing seeded or grainy dough for
1092:. Here, fine powdered PTFE is forced into a mould under high pressure (10–100 MPa). After a settling period, lasting from minutes to days, the mould is heated at 360 to 380 °C (680 to 716 °F), allowing the fine particles to fuse (
1693:
PTFE foils are commonly used with laserprinters everywhere, in their fuser unit, wrapped around the heater element(s) and as well on the opposite pressure roller to prevent any kind of sticking to it (neither the printed paper nor toner
2188:
1178:
The major application of PTFE, consuming about 50% of production, is for the insulation of wiring in aerospace and computer applications (e.g. hookup wire, coaxial cables). This application exploits the fact that PTFE has excellent
1310:, and in industrial pipe lines, particularly in applications using acids, alkalis, or other chemicals. Its frictionless qualities allow improved flow of highly viscous liquids, and for uses in applications such as brake hoses.
1778:
before a temperature of 260 °C (500 °F) is reached. A 1973 study by DuPont's
Haskell Laboratory found that a 4-hour exposure to the fumes emitted by PTFE cookware heated to 280 °C (536 °F) was lethal for
385:
4448:
Ellis, D.A.; Mabury, S.A.; Martin, J.W.; Muir, D.C.G.; Mabury, S.A.; Martin, J.W.; Muir, D.C.G. (2001). "Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment".
1578:
Its high corrosion resistance makes PTFE useful in laboratory environments, where it is used for lining containers, as a coating for magnetic stirrers, and as tubing for highly corrosive chemicals such as
1797:). Concerning levels of PFOA have been found in the blood of people who work in or live near factories where the chemical is used, and in people regularly exposed to PFOA-containing products such as some
644:
In 1954, Colette Grégoire urged her husband, the French engineer Marc Grégoire, to try the material he had been using on fishing tackle on her cooking pans. He subsequently created the first PTFE-coated,
872:. At temperatures above 650–700 °C (1,200–1,290 °F) PTFE undergoes depolymerization. However, it begins to decompose at about 260 °C (500 °F) through 350 °C (662 °F), and
3887:
Griffith, Franklin D.; Stephens, Susan S.; Tayfun, Figen O. (April 1973). "Exposure of
Japanese Quail and Parakeets to the Pyrolysis Products of Fry Pans Coated with Teflon® and Common Cooking Oils".
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It is used as a film interface patch for sports and medical applications, featuring a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing, which is installed in strategic high friction areas of footwear, insoles,
1762:
near PTFE components. PTFE-coated cookware is unlikely to reach dangerous temperatures with normal use, as meat is usually fried between 204 and 232 °C (399 and 450 °F), and most
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1697:
PTFE is also used to make body jewellery as it's much safer to wear compared to materials like acrylic, that release toxics into the body at 26.6 °C, unlike PTFE at 650–700 °C.
1211:
frequencies. Combined with its high melting temperature, this makes it the material of choice as a high-performance substitute for the weaker, higher dispersion and lower-melting-point
1549:) due to PTFE's capability to diffuse a transmitting light nearly perfectly. Moreover, optical properties of PTFE stay constant over a wide range of wavelengths, from UV down to near
1294:, US, was one of the largest applications of PTFE coatings. 20 acres (81,000 m) of the material was used in the creation of the white double-layered PTFE-coated fiberglass dome.
1049:. Because of the propensity to creep, the long-term performance of such seals is worse than for elastomers that exhibit zero, or near-zero, levels of creep. In critical applications,
4087:
383:
770:) and carbon, a special apparatus is required for the polymerization to prevent hot spots that might initiate this dangerous side reaction. The process is typically initiated with
1029:
cannot stick. In addition, PTFE can be used to prevent insects from climbing up surfaces painted with the material. For example, PTFE is used to prevent ants from climbing out of
1826:, as well as producing longer chain polyfluoro- and/or polychlorofluoro- (C3-C14) carboxylic acids which may be equally persistent. These products can accumulate in evaporative
1716:
While PTFE is stable at lower temperatures, it begins to deteriorate at temperatures of about 260 °C (500 °F), it decomposes above 350 °C (662 °F), and
2873:
Wapler, M. C.; Leupold, J.; Dragonu, I.; von
Elverfeldt, D.; Zaitsev, M.; Wallrabe, U. (2014). "Magnetic properties of materials for MR engineering, micro-MR and beyond".
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It is used as a coating for medical and healthcare applications formulated to provide strength and heat resistance to surgical devices and other medical equipment.
2447:
Puts, Gerard J.; Crouse, Philip; Ameduri, Bruno M. (28 January 2019). "Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and
Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer".
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and have been found in the roots and seeds of wetland plant species, but has not been observed to have an adverse impact on plant health or germination success.
1280:
resin. Non-production materials such as Teflon, Airweave
Breather and the bag itself would be considered F.O.D. (foreign object debris/damage) if left in layup.
1451:
It can be stretched to contain small pores of varying sizes and is then placed between fabric layers to make a waterproof, breathable fabric in outdoor apparel.
1612:
from air streams in applications involving high temperatures and high particulate loads such as coal-fired power plants, cement production and steel foundries.
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of plastics is usually measured against polished steel. PTFE's coefficient of friction is 0.05 to 0.10, which is the third-lowest of any known solid material (
2616:
1318:
PTFE architectural membranes are created by coating a woven glass-fibre base cloth with PTFE, forming one of the strongest and most durable materials used in
2368:
Sun, J.Z.; et al. (1994). "Modification of polytetrafluoroethylene by radiation—1. Improvement in high temperature properties and radiation stability".
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PFOA persists indefinitely in the environment. PFOA has been detected in the blood of many individuals of the general US population in the low and sub-
450:
1700:
PTFE is used to make bookbinding tools for folding, scoring and separating sheets of paper. These are typically referred to as Teflon bone folders.
4363:
2224:
407:
1783:, although that was a higher temperature than the 260 °C (500 °F) required for fumes from pyrolyzed butter to be lethal to the birds.
2250:
4261:"Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague–Dawley rats"
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Most cases of polymer fume fever in humans occur due to smoking PTFE-contaminated tobacco, although cases have occurred in people who have
3436:
3044:
3028:
1053:
are often used to apply continuous force to PTFE gaskets, thereby ensuring a minimal loss of performance over the lifetime of the gasket.
4163:
Trudel D, Horowitz L, Wormuth M, Scheringer M, Cousins IT, Hungerbühler K (April 2008). "Estimating consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA".
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PTFE tubes are used in gas-gas heat exchangers in gas cleaning of waste incinerators. Unit power capacity is typically several megawatts.
1412:
1162:
2946:
2798:
1561:. Thus PTFE enables cosinusoidal angular response for a detector measuring the power of optical radiation at a surface, e.g. in solar
1553:. In this region, the ratio of its regular transmittance to diffuse transmittance is negligibly small, so light transmitted through a
3660:
1405:
1432:
1924:, such as Teflon-brand PTFE. However, in lab tests on rats, GenX has been shown to cause many of the same health problems as PFOA.
1527:
Powdered PTFE is used in a suspension with a low-viscosity, azeotropic mixture of siloxane ethers to create a lubricant for use in
1127:
543:
over ecotoxicological and health issues. Dupont's spin-off
Chemours today manufactures PTFE using an alternative chemical it calls
445:
520:, PTFE reduces friction, wear, and energy consumption of machinery. It is used as a graft material in surgery and as a coating on
5704:
5128:
4035:
4432:
4419:
2828:
Blumm, J.; Lindemann, A.; Meyer, M.; Strasser, C. (2011). "Characterization of PTFE Using
Advanced Thermal Analysis Technique".
2301:
2123:
1920:, DuPont began to use GenX, a similarly fluorinated compound, as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid in the manufacture of
3343:
2830:
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860:, as do all fluorocarbons. The only chemicals known to affect these carbon-fluorine bonds are highly reactive metals like the
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3002:
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54:, and has numerous applications because it is chemically inert. The commonly known brand name of PTFE-based composition is
4062:"Welcome to Beautiful Parkersburg, West Virginia Home to one of the most brazen, deadly corporate gambits in U.S. history"
3925:
3785:
Zapp JA, Limperos G, Brinker KC (26 April 1955). "Toxicity of pyrolysis products of 'Teflon' tetrafluoroethylene resin".
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is a brand of expanded PTFE (ePTFE), a material incorporating a fluoropolymer membrane with micropores. The roof of the
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of firearms that uncoated projectiles would cause. PTFE itself does not give a projectile an armor-piercing property.
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4391:
4259:
Caverly Rae, JM; Craig, Lisa; Stone, Theodore W.; Frame, Steven R.; Buxton, L. William; Kennedy, Gerald L. (2015).
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1651:, to isolate the contacts of the adjacent tooth so the restorative materials will not stick to the adjacent tooth.
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PTFE membrane filters are among the most efficient industrial air filters. PTFE-coated filters are often used in
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5982:
5961:
5858:
5612:
3639:
3562:
Koch, E.-C. (2002). "Metal-Fluorocarbon
Pyrolants:III. Development and Application of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton".
1965:
1789:(PFOA), a chemical formerly used in the manufacture of PTFE products such as non-stick coated cookware, can be
1725:
1335:
1131:
660:
The brand name Zepel was used for promoting its stain-resistance and water-resistance when applied to fabrics.
618:, was producing over 910,000 kilograms (2,000,000 lb) of Teflon-brand polytetrafluoroethylene per year in
4215:
2558:"Tumorigenic activity of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Mechanistic in vitro studies"
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1948:
1085:(HFP). These cause the otherwise perfectly linear PTFE chain to become branched, reducing its crystallinity.
540:
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Emerging
Contaminants Fact Sheet – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
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1471:, and other medical devices to prevent and relieve friction-induced blisters, calluses and foot ulceration.
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3467:"PTFE & Industrial Non-Stick Fluoropolymer Coating Services | Delta Coatings & Linings, Inc"
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251:
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Dunn, WJ; et al. (2004). "Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape as a matrix in operative dentistry".
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PTFE thermal cover showing impact craters, from NASA's Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (UHCRE) on the
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5294:
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516:, so it is often used in containers and pipework for reactive and corrosive chemicals. Where used as a
2228:
2179:
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Valley. PFOA has been detected in industrial waste, stain-resistant carpets, carpet cleaning liquids,
1302:
Because of its extreme non-reactivity and high temperature rating, PTFE is often used as the liner in
6069:
5803:
5602:
5427:
5244:
5234:
5025:
4944:
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1235:, seals, gaskets, bushings, and more applications with sliding action of parts, where it outperforms
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3505:
Park, Junghyun; Rittiphairoj, Thanitsara; Wang, Xue; E, Jian-Yu; Bicket, Amanda K. (13 March 2023).
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1538:, sheets of PTFE are used as measuring heads in spectroradiometers and broadband radiometers (e.g.,
1454:
It is used widely as a fabric protector to repel stains on formal school-wear, like uniform blazers.
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because its low friction allows the extruder stepper motor to push filament through it more easily.
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268:
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range, and levels are higher in chemical plant employees and surrounding subpopulations. PFOA and
89:
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4718:
1988:
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1815:
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864:, at higher temperatures such metals as aluminium and magnesium, and fluorinating agents such as
587:
Logo of Teflon, the commonly known brand name of PTFE-based compositions manufactured by Chemours
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31:
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1755:), although in humans those symptoms disappear within a day or two of being moved to fresh air.
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4352:. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). 15 February 2018.
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occurs at temperatures above 400 °C (752 °F). The main decomposition products are
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Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, Second Edition
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R. J. Hunadi; K. Baum (1982). "Tetrafluoroethylene: A Convenient Laboratory Preparation".
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PTFE is often found in musical instrument lubrication products; most commonly, valve oil.
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114:
Fluon, Poly(tetrafluoroethene), Poly(difluoromethylene), Poly(tetrafluoroethylene), teflon
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PTFE, associated with a slightly textured laminate, makes the plain bearing system of a
527:
PTFE and chemicals used in its production are some of the best-known and widely applied
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4116:"PFOA and Cancer in a Highly Exposed Community: New Findings from the C8 Science Panel"
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to reduce friction of the mouse against the mouse pad, resulting in a smoother glide.
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1985:, PTFE as a thermoplastic lining for dual laminate chemical process plant equipment
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634:
567:
Advertisement for Zepel, the trade name used to market Teflon as a fabric treatment
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for pans and other cookware. It is non-reactive, partly because of the strength of
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3029:"Effect of ultraviolet radiation on polytetrafluoroethylene: Morphology influence"
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1955:
The Teflon trade name is also used for other polymers with similar compositions:
1733:
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1188:
1045:, due to its chemical inertness. Therefore, it has no "memory" and is subject to
771:
592:
4242:"What is the difference between PFOA, PFOS and GenX and other replacement PFAS?"
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Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications
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653:(combining "Tef" from "Teflon" and "al" from aluminium). In the United States,
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4088:"Toxic Secrets: Professor 'bragged about burying bad science' on 3M chemicals"
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of the surface to increase the energy and improve adhesion has been reported.
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4216:"Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht"
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1947:
Teflon is also used as the trade name for a polymer with similar properties,
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1630:
1583:, which will dissolve glass containers. It is used in containers for storing
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3868:. National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine
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3183:"Polytetrafluoroethylene - Introduction, Production, Applications, and FAQs"
2499:
Carlson, D. Peter and Schmiegel, Walter (2000) "Fluoropolymers, Organic" in
1852:
of PTFE, although several manufacturers have entirely discontinued its use.
626:
as a material to coat valves and seals in the pipes holding highly reactive
539:(PFOA, or C8) during production of PTFE, later discontinuing its use due to
5644:
5634:
5496:
5443:
5344:
5289:
5264:
5030:
4869:
4849:
4829:
4478:
4302:
4192:
4149:
3718:
3691:
3548:
3045:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199605)7:5/6<493::AID-PAT536>3.0.CO;2-D
2912:
2827:
2749:
2637:
2591:
2478:
2183:
1887:
1721:
1641:
1323:
1277:
1212:
861:
691:
664:
608:
563:
470:
5890:
5379:
3908:
3299:
3208:
2402:
1457:
It is frequently used as a lubricant to prevent captive insects and other
406:
80:
5827:
5799:
5734:
5654:
5453:
5334:
5329:
5114:
4964:
4889:
4859:
4131:
3787:
Proceedings of the American Industrial Hygiene Association Annual Meeting
2681:
1872:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1687:
1680:
1543:
1539:
1521:
1445:
1376:
1291:
1252:
1232:
1057:
1030:
842:
833:
486:
413:
1223:
In industrial applications, owing to its low friction, PTFE is used for
595:
while he was working in Chemours Chambers Works plant in New Jersey for
392:
5903:
5531:
5521:
4687:
4599:
4405:
1902:
Overall, PTFE cookware is considered a minor exposure pathway to PFOA.
1868:
1864:
1845:
1790:
1562:
1546:
1535:
1517:
1372:
1180:
1134: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
802:
399:
175:
2469:
591:
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was accidentally discovered in 1938 by
5992:
5898:
5868:
5738:
5299:
5284:
5259:
5095:(incl. The Playhouse on Rodney Square, formerly the DuPont Playhouse)
5010:
4470:
3616:
3578:
10.1002/1521-4087(200211)27:5<262::AID-PREP262>3.0.CO;2-8
2710:"PTFE-coated non-stick cookware and toxicity concerns: a perspective"
1780:
1717:
1658:
due to its non-stick properties and resistance to non-polar solvents.
1588:
1494:
1490:
1458:
1322:. Some notable structures featuring PTFE-tensioned membranes include
1208:
1093:
1078:
1042:
873:
821:(PFOS). More recently, Perfluoro 3,6 dioxaoctanoic acid (PFO2OA) and
806:
614:
By 1948, DuPont, which founded Kinetic Chemicals in partnership with
517:
1109:
427:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
5913:
5119:
5098:
4634:
3058:
2556:
Pierozan, Paula; Cattani, Daiane; Karlsson, Oskar (February 2022).
2009:
1928:
1616:
1550:
1502:
1486:
1283:
1256:
555:
521:
502:
482:
365:
219:
59:
5385:
3661:"Industrial Air Permits - New Clean Air Regulations And Baghouses"
2887:
2872:
2344:"Go, spot, go Teflon enters fashion world as a protective coating"
559:
Advertisement of the Happy Pan, a Teflon-coated pan from the 1960s
6041:
5918:
5819:
5721:
5213:
4609:
2423:"Corona Discharge Treatment - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1982:
1827:
1798:
1759:
1629:
Many bicycle lubricants and greases contain PTFE and are used on
1609:
1572:
1510:
853:
822:
571:
490:
400:
333:
313:
4501:
Plasma Processes and Adhesive Bonding of Polytetrafluoroethylene
3761:"Fluoropolymer PTFE coating services from Surface Technology UK"
2186:, "Tetrafluoroethylene polymers", issued 4 February 1941
1943:
1363:
5065:
4664:
4649:
4624:
4619:
4594:
4541:
4162:
3027:
Ferry, Laurent; Gérard, Vigier; Bessede, Jean Luc (June 1996).
2777:(4, Revised ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 50.
1883:
1633:
and other moving parts subjected to frictional forces (such as
1619:
1264:
1017:(BAM) being the first, with a coefficient of friction of 0.02;
596:
478:
4579:
3926:"Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Teflon, and Related Chemicals"
3238:(2nd, illustrated, revised ed.). CRC Press. p. 574.
2799:"Reference Tables – Thermal Expansion Coefficients – Plastics"
1601:
in plumbing applications, largely replacing paste thread dope.
583:
4700:
4677:
4669:
4659:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4604:
4506:
PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) (Properties) | Fluorotherm.com
3398:
Fers à repasser semelle teflon - Fiche pratique - Le Parisien
1355:
might otherwise form an abrasive paste. Brands include GT85.
1240:
1037:
that alter the surface to allow adhesion to other materials.
1026:
650:
155:
4435:, Parker-TexLoc, 13 April 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2006.
4218:. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (
3827:"Key Safety Questions about the Safety of Nonstick Cookware"
3437:"Advantages and Disadvantages of Teflon-coated Covert Cloth"
1382:
The sole plates of some clothes irons are coated with PTFE.
256:
5279:
5182:
4614:
4219:
3676:"Using Plumber's Teflon Tape to Enhance Bonding Procedures"
2004:
1911:
1744:
1686:
PTFE is commonly used in aftermarket add-on mouse feet for
1623:
1498:
1474:
Expanded PTFE membranes have been used in trials to assist
1303:
1228:
631:
544:
210:
4258:
3209:"Roy J. Plunkett and the Discovery of Teflon | SciHi Blog"
2936:. MatWeb Material Property Data. Retrieved 1 January 2007.
4510:
1415:
any relevant information into other sections or articles.
756:
734:
Because tetrafluoroethylene can explosively decompose to
2001:, documentary on PFOA's health and environmental effects
1899:(high cholesterol), and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
1844:
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, or C8) has been used as a
1622:
in peripheral vascular disease if a suitable autologous
876:
occurs at temperatures above 400 °C (752 °F).
663:
In the 1990s, it was found that PTFE could be radiation
611:) in 1941, and registered the Teflon trademark in 1945.
501:
of fluorine. PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of
3459:
2555:
667:
above its melting point in an oxygen-free environment.
3981:
National Service Center for Environmental Publications
3886:
1505:, and release large amounts of heat. They are used in
1060:(UV) transparent polymer. However, when exposed to an
744:
4447:
3801:"Key Safety Questions About Teflon Nonstick Coatings"
3504:
1255:
makes it an ideal material for fabricating long-life
1088:
Some PTFE parts are made by cold-moulding, a form of
825:(GenX) are being used as an alternative surfactants.
70:, which originally discovered the compound in 1938.
3494:. American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists.
1371:
PTFE is best known for its use in coating non-stick
599:. A team of Dupont chemists attempted to make a new
3784:
2992:"Using Belleville Springs To Maintain Bolt Preload"
2667:
2363:
2361:
1436:
PTFE tapes with pressure-sensitive adhesive backing
1025:means that it is the only known surface to which a
1021:being second-lowest at 0.05). PTFE's resistance to
4079:
3951:"The truth about teflon: are non-stick pans safe?"
3862:"Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) : 833"
3484:
3400:. Pratique.leparisien.fr. Retrieved on 2016-11-17.
3026:
2770:
1497:. Upon ignition, these mixtures form carbonaceous
762:
3059:"Cowie Technology – PTFE: High Thermal Stability"
2934:Coefficient of Friction (COF) Testing of Plastics
2708:Sajid, Muhammad; Ilyas, Muhammad (October 2017).
2446:
676:allows it to be more easily reground and reused.
6080:
4036:"The Lawyer Who Became Dupont's Worst Nightmare"
3640:"The World's Strongest Acids: Like Fire and Ice"
2358:
1313:
489:: neither water nor water-containing substances
4318:"New Teflon Toxin Causes Cancer in Lab Animals"
3889:American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
3429:
3103:
2617:"Fluoroplastic Comparison - Typical Properties"
2251:American Heritage of Invention & Technology
1880:a class-action lawsuit and community settlement
1173:
1064:beam it severely degrades due to heterogeneous
895:114.85 °C (238.73 °F; 388.00 K)
381:
135:
3617:"Interview with an inventor of the KTW bullet"
3227:
3225:
3177:
3175:
3097:
2501:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2203:"History Timeline 1930: The Fluorocarbon Boom"
1448:as a non-mechanical AFD (anti-friction device)
5705:
5198:
4526:
4214:Beekman, M.; et al. (12 December 2016).
4213:
3985:United States Environmental Protection Agency
3736:(Revised ed.). Quick American Archives.
3507:"Device-modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma"
2631:
2412:E-BEAM Services website. Accessed 21 May 2013
2273:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 494.
1191:, making it suitable for use as an excellent
30:"Teflon" redirects here. For other uses, see
2714:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
813:Surfactants in the past have included toxic
4027:
3561:
3511:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3222:
3172:
2611:
2609:
2332:, Retrieved 21 December 1986 (Subscription)
1571:are coated with PTFE to reduce wear on the
1379:and possesses fairly high heat resistance.
5712:
5698:
5205:
5191:
4533:
4519:
3755:
3753:
3673:
3374:"GT85 General Lubricant with PTFE - 400ml"
3231:
2707:
2324:Teflon Maker: Out of Frying Pan into Fame
1822:can both be generated when PTFE undergoes
1654:PTFE sheets are used in the production of
1520:. Aluminium and PTFE is also used in some
1297:
1081:such as perfluoro (propylvinyl ether) and
845:and possesses fairly high heat resistance.
493:PTFE, as fluorocarbons exhibit only small
271:
201:
4292:
4139:
3920:
3918:
3731:
3538:
2886:
2581:
2527:. William Andrew. 2013. pp. 91–124.
2468:
2367:
2195:
2099:"poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (CHEBI:53251)"
1993:, a film about litigation related to PFOA
1679:PTFE tubing is used for Bowden tubing in
1150:Learn how and when to remove this message
797:The resulting polymer is terminated with
238:
2606:
2316:
2178:
2146:
1942:
1802:longer being made in the United States.
1431:
1362:
1215:commonly used in low-cost applications.
1161:
1099:
832:
582:
570:
562:
554:
5129:NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon
4085:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3750:
3637:
2651:"Chemours Teflon™ Coating Applications"
2521:"Manufacturing Polytetrafluoroethylene"
2493:
2294:
1916:As a result of the lawsuits concerning
267:
14:
6081:
5295:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
4392:"Chemours Consent Order | NC DEQ"
4315:
4113:
3915:
3674:Brown, DDS, Dennis E. (January 2002).
3413:. Infinity Motorcycles. Archived from
2831:International Journal of Thermophysics
2341:
2263:
2257:
2074:"The History of Teflon Fluoropolymers"
1793:for people who are exposed to it (see
1341:
192:
5693:
5235:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
5230:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
5186:
5061:Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
4514:
4053:
3987:. March 2014. p. 1. 505-F-14-001
3565:Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
3232:Mishra, Munmaya; Yagci, Yusuf (208).
3131:
3129:
3127:
3104:Sina Ebnesajjad (21 September 2016).
2955:, 2007-10-14. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
2939:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2322:Robbins, William (21 December 1986) "
1931:, a corporate spin-off of DuPont, in
1703:PTFE is commonly used for the tip of
508:Polytetrafluoroethylene is used as a
163:
6047:List of environmental health hazards
5967:List of environmental health hazards
5167:
4033:
3845:
3778:
3704:
3555:
3411:"A Motorcyclist's Guide To Gore-Tex"
3403:
3263:"Teflon Machining & Fabrication"
3206:
2068:
2066:
1707:due to its high melting temperature.
1672:PTFE has been experimented with for
1389:
1132:adding citations to reliable sources
1103:
4406:"PFAS | Cape Fear River Watch"
4364:"Toxin taints CFPUA drinking water"
2308:. home.nycap.rr.com. Archived from
1938:
1810:
1647:PTFE can also be used when placing
218:
24:
5852:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
4441:
4034:RIch, Nathaniel (6 January 2016).
3124:
3110:. William Andrew. pp. 31–32.
3033:Polymers for Advanced Technologies
2696:
2533:10.1016/B978-1-4557-7442-5.00007-3
2254:, Fall 2010, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 42
1927:The chemicals are manufactured by
1891:kidney cancer, testicular cancer,
1615:PTFE grafts can be used to bypass
1440:Other niche applications include:
377:
25:
6160:
5136:The DuPont Show with June Allyson
4494:
4343:"GenX Frequently Asked Questions"
4120:Environmental Health Perspectives
4059:
3732:Rosenthal, Ed (21 October 2014).
2989:
2063:
1875:, water, food and PTFE cookware.
1406:list of miscellaneous information
1218:
969:Dielectric constant (60 Hz)
106:Poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene)
5384:
5378:
5270:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
5245:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
5166:
5157:
5156:
4578:
4185:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01017.x
4086:Fellner, Carrie (16 June 2018).
3638:Pomeroy, Ross (24 August 2013).
3160:. Poly Fouoro Ltd. 26 April 2011
2562:Science of the Total Environment
2403:Electron Beam Processing of PTFE
1794:
1394:
1108:
435:
88:
79:
5250:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
5125:Hendrick Motorsports Car No. 24
4426:
4412:
4398:
4384:
4370:
4356:
4335:
4316:Lerner, Sharon (3 March 2016).
4309:
4252:
4234:
4207:
4156:
4107:
3999:
3969:
3943:
3880:
3819:
3793:
3725:
3698:
3667:
3653:
3631:
3609:
3584:
3498:
3391:
3366:
3336:
3310:
3292:
3280:
3255:
3200:
3150:
3076:
3051:
3020:
2983:
2958:
2927:
2866:
2821:
2791:
2764:
2661:
2643:
2638:Teflon PTFE Properties Handbook
2583:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151945
2549:
2513:
2440:
2415:
2396:
2342:Fenton, Lois (2 January 1992).
2335:
2018:, pyrolant thermite composition
1640:PTFE is used for some types of
1358:
1166:PTFE-jacketed (white) shielded
1119:needs additional citations for
577:Long Duration Exposure Facility
431:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
5613:Category:Plastics applications
5360:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
5355:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
5340:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3523:10.1002/14651858.CD010472.pub3
3318:"Sydney Football Stadium Roof"
3137:"Polyflon PTFE Molding Powder"
2525:Introduction to Fluoropolymers
2243:
2217:
2172:
2116:
2091:
2044:
1966:Fluorinated ethylene propylene
1805:
778:to generate sulfate radicals:
13:
1:
5320:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
3471:Deltacoatingsandliningsbr.com
3207:Sack, Harald (26 June 2022).
2270:The Making of the Atomic Bomb
2057:
2050:Dielectric. Bulk resistivity.
1949:perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin
1918:the PFOA class-action lawsuit
1489:with powdered metals such as
1375:and other cookware, as it is
1349:
1314:Tensioned membrane structures
1270:
1183:properties, specifically low
1071:
828:
685:
533:persistent organic pollutants
477:polymer consisting wholly of
469:Polytetrafluoroethylene is a
6037:Persistent organic pollutant
5998:Toxic Substances Control Act
5957:Persistent organic pollutant
5240:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
5212:
4285:10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001
3663:. Baghouse.com. 28 May 2012.
2947:Research into Gecko Adhesion
2640:. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
2390:10.1016/0969-806X(94)90226-7
1933:Fayetteville, North Carolina
1861:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
1820:sodium chlorodifluoroacetate
1501:and the corresponding metal
1288:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
1246:
1174:Wire insulation, electronics
819:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
7:
6030:Great Pacific garbage patch
5952:Great Pacific garbage patch
5365:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
5280:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
4795:Anthony Joseph Arduengo III
4724:DuPont Experimental Station
3158:"Unraveling Polymers: PTFE"
2771:Nicholson, John W. (2011).
2461:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00458
1976:
1557:(PTFE sheet) radiates like
1035:surface treatments for PTFE
837:PTFE is often used to coat
535:. For decades, DuPont used
10:
6165:
5993:Japan Toxic Substances Law
5788:Miscellaneous plasticizers
5082:DuPont v. Kolon Industries
5071:Consolidation Coal Company
4540:
4420:"Consent Order Compliance"
4246:PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs
1909:
1837:
1674:electroless nickel plating
1478:surgery to treat glaucoma.
1015:aluminium magnesium boride
680:Corona discharge treatment
622:. An early use was in the
620:Parkersburg, West Virginia
550:
29:
6067:
6012:
5988:European REACH regulation
5983:California Proposition 65
5975:
5932:
5889:
5851:
5818:
5787:
5733:
5726:polyhalogenated compounds
5682:
5627:
5603:High-performance plastics
5572:
5565:
5477:
5436:
5428:High-performance plastics
5393:
5376:
5220:
5152:
5107:
5026:Hagley Museum and Library
5006:Atlas Chemical Industries
4988:
4945:Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.
4800:Jacques Antoine Bidermann
4737:
4709:
4686:
4587:
4576:
4548:
4093:The Sydney Morning Herald
3084:"Free Flow Granular PTFE"
2905:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.005
2852:10.1007/s10765-008-0512-z
2774:The Chemistry of Polymers
2734:10.1007/s11356-017-0095-y
2158:Science History Institute
2032:Surface treatment of PTFE
1818:and the similar compound
1711:
1597:PTFE is widely used as a
1481:Powdered PTFE is used in
1385:
1185:group velocity dispersion
425:
359:
283:
119:
111:
101:
96:
87:
78:
5413:Fibre-reinforced plastic
5350:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
5143:DuPont Show of the Month
4745:Éleuthère Irénée du Pont
4248:. EPA. 18 February 2018.
3955:Better Homes and Gardens
3901:10.1080/0002889738506828
3866:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3829:. DuPont. Archived from
3803:. DuPont. Archived from
2509:10.1002/14356007.a11_393
2408:6 September 2013 at the
2037:
2027:Superhydrophobic coating
1483:pyrotechnic compositions
1403:This section contains a
1251:Its extremely high bulk
763:{\textstyle {\ce {CF4}}}
669:Electron beam processing
495:London dispersion forces
74:Polytetrafluoroethylene
5464:Biodegradable additives
5031:Hercules Powder Company
4719:DuPont Central Research
4433:FEP Detailed Properties
2503:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
1905:
1850:emulsion polymerization
1833:
1816:Sodium trifluoroacetate
1626:graft is not available.
1606:dust collection systems
1336:Sydney Football Stadium
1298:Chemically inert liners
1011:coefficient of friction
998:Magnetic susceptibility
941:Coefficient of friction
499:electric polarizability
473:solid, as it is a high-
40:Polytetrafluoroethylene
32:Teflon (disambiguation)
5879:Perfluorooctanoic acid
5315:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
5310:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
5255:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
4790:Jeffery Stanford Agate
4765:Francis Irénée du Pont
4760:Francis Gurney du Pont
4378:"Str_Error_Page_Title"
3492:"Film Interface Patch"
3091:Inoflon Fluoropolymers
2016:Magnesium/Teflon/Viton
1960:Perfluoroalkoxy alkane
1952:
1873:microwave popcorn bags
1840:Perfluorooctanoic acid
1787:Perfluorooctanoic acid
1437:
1368:
1205:printed circuit boards
1170:
1096:) into a single mass.
846:
815:perfluorooctanoic acid
764:
701:. The net equation is
588:
580:
568:
560:
537:perfluorooctanoic acid
388:
341:Electrical resistivity
6134:Pyrotechnic oxidizers
6059:Biodegradable plastic
5408:Thermosetting polymer
5305:Polylactic acid (PLA)
4910:William Dale Phillips
3441:The Cutter and Tailor
2803:engineershandbook.com
2427:www.sciencedirect.com
1946:
1569:Teflon-coated bullets
1507:infrared decoy flares
1444:It is often found in
1435:
1367:Two molded PTFE jars.
1366:
1332:Metropolitano Stadium
1328:Moses Mabhida Stadium
1187:, especially at high
1165:
1100:Applications and uses
858:carbon-fluorine bonds
836:
801:groups, which can be
765:
649:under the brand name
586:
574:
566:
558:
514:carbon–fluorine bonds
387:
6070:Identification codes
5670:Foam food containers
5593:Engineering plastics
4975:Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
4408:. 20 September 2019.
4132:10.1289/ehp.121-A340
3286:Mishra & Yagci,
2970:Gasket Resources Inc
2682:10.1055/s-1982-29830
2655:plastechcoatings.com
2312:on 14 February 2008.
2225:"Roy Plunkett: 1938"
1897:hypercholesterolemia
1585:fluoroantimonic acid
1559:Lambert's cosine law
1128:improve this article
1023:van der Waals forces
870:cobalt(III) fluoride
742:
690:PTFE is produced by
639:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
628:uranium hexafluoride
370:(fire diamond)
351:Thermal conductivity
6144:Engineering plastic
6089:American inventions
5909:Endocrine disruptor
5507:Compression molding
5459:Polymer stabilizers
5051:Savannah River Site
4905:Charles J. Pedersen
4875:Edward G. Jefferson
4865:Charles O. Holliday
4701:Antec International
4565:Alexander M. Cutler
4463:2001Natur.412..321E
4277:2015ToxR....2..939C
4177:2008RiskA..28..251T
4114:Nicole, W. (2013).
3707:Operative Dentistry
3621:NRAction Newsletter
3378:Baysidemarine.co.uk
3251:Extract of page 574
2897:2014JMagR.242..233W
2844:2010IJT....31.1919B
2726:2017ESPR...2423436S
2720:(30): 23436–23440.
2627:on 3 February 2016.
2574:2022ScTEn.80851945P
2382:1994RaPC...44..655S
2306:Useless Information
2231:on 17 February 2012
1895:, thyroid disease,
1730:tetrafluoroethylene
1663:Dobsonian telescope
1469:ankle-foot orthosis
1342:Musical instruments
1338:Roof in Australia.
1168:twisted-pair cables
1090:compression molding
1083:hexafluoropropylene
1066:photothermal effect
1019:diamond-like carbon
987:Dielectric strength
951:Dielectric constant
911:Thermal diffusivity
758:
699:tetrafluoroethylene
605:tetrafluoroethylene
75:
52:tetrafluoroethylene
5924:Polymer fume fever
5583:Commodity plastics
5557:Rotational molding
5527:Fiberglass molding
5487:Injection moulding
5469:Filler (materials)
5418:Corrugated plastic
5370:Tritan copolyester
5325:Polypropylene (PP)
5275:Polycarbonate (PC)
4996:DuPont (1802–2017)
4980:Nathaniel C. Wyeth
4960:Chadwick A. Tolman
4955:Frederick N. Tebbe
4935:Richard R. Schrock
4855:Richard Goodmanson
4840:Curtis J. Crawford
4835:Thomas M. Connelly
4785:T. Coleman du Pont
4350:GenX Investigation
4265:Toxicology Reports
4222:, The Netherlands)
4040:The New York Times
3765:Surface Technology
3047:– via Wiley.
2370:Radiat. Phys. Chem
2022:Polymer adsorption
1953:
1893:ulcerative colitis
1753:polymer fume fever
1610:particulate matter
1524:fuel compositions.
1438:
1369:
1320:tensile structures
1171:
1051:Belleville washers
905:112–125×10 K
847:
760:
746:
736:tetrafluoromethane
655:Marion A. Trozzolo
635:uranium enrichment
601:chlorofluorocarbon
589:
581:
569:
561:
458:Infobox references
389:
355:0.25 W/(m·K)
73:
6139:Roofing materials
6076:
6075:
6054:Plastic recycling
6020:Plastic pollution
6006:
6005:
5940:Plastic pollution
5720:Health issues of
5678:
5677:
5574:Plastics industry
5492:Plastic extrusion
5345:Polyurethane (PU)
5335:Polysulfone (PES)
5290:Polyethylene (PE)
5265:Polybutylene (PB)
5180:
5179:
5036:Kinetic Chemicals
5021:Eleutherian Mills
5015:Manhattan Project
4930:Irving S. Shapiro
4925:William K. Reilly
4825:Wallace Carothers
4780:Pierre S. du Pont
4750:Alfred I. du Pont
4457:(6844): 321–324.
3686:(1): 76–8, 80–1.
3354:on 3 October 2018
3344:"What is MicPol?"
3245:978-0-8247-2595-2
3146:. 16 August 2017.
3117:978-1-4377-7856-4
3093:. 16 August 2017.
2990:Davet, George P.
2809:on 3 January 2012
2154:"Roy J. Plunkett"
2012:waterproof fabric
1998:The Devil We Know
1857:parts per billion
1749:flu-like symptoms
1705:desoldering pumps
1581:hydrofluoric acid
1515:solid-fuel rocket
1430:
1429:
1334:in Spain and the
1330:in South Africa,
1265:permanent magnets
1189:radio frequencies
1160:
1159:
1152:
1007:
1006:
1000:(SI, 22 °C)
901:Thermal expansion
891:Glass temperature
749:
624:Manhattan Project
603:refrigerant, the
510:non-stick coating
466:Chemical compound
464:
463:
252:CompTox Dashboard
46:) is a synthetic
27:Synthetic polymer
16:(Redirected from
6156:
5945:Rubber pollution
5795:Organophosphates
5714:
5707:
5700:
5691:
5690:
5570:
5569:
5542:Filament winding
5517:Transfer molding
5444:Polymer additive
5388:
5382:
5330:Polystyrene (PS)
5207:
5200:
5193:
5184:
5183:
5170:
5169:
5160:
5159:
5056:Wilmington Trust
4885:Stephanie Kwolek
4880:Ellen J. Kullman
4820:Richard H. Brown
4582:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4490:
4471:10.1038/35085548
4436:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4296:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4007:"PFAs Factsheet"
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3957:. 2 October 2019
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3443:. Archived from
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3350:. Archived from
3348:Interflonusa.com
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3324:. 16 August 2022
3322:MakMax Australia
3314:
3308:
3307:
3304:MakMax Australia
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3122:
3121:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3039:(5–6): 493–500.
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3001:. Archived from
2996:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2890:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2805:. Archived from
2795:
2789:
2788:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2623:. Archived from
2613:
2604:
2603:
2585:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2517:
2511:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2472:
2455:(3): 1763–1805.
2449:Chemical Reviews
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2419:
2413:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2354:on 20 June 2021.
2350:. Archived from
2339:
2333:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2261:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2227:. Archived from
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2070:
2051:
2048:
1939:Similar polymers
1811:Trifluoroacetate
1766:(except refined
1747:, and can cause
1599:thread seal tape
1425:
1422:
1416:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1308:expansion joints
1155:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1112:
1104:
1077:small amount of
981:
974:
964:
957:
915:0.124 mm/s
879:
878:
866:xenon difluoride
793:
792:
791:
769:
767:
766:
761:
759:
757:
754:
747:
547:, another PFAS.
475:molecular-weight
448:
442:
439:
438:
416:
409:
402:
395:
380:
321:
291:Chemical formula
276:
275:
260:
258:
242:
222:
205:
194:
167:
139:
92:
83:
76:
72:
21:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6149:1938 in science
6114:DuPont products
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6063:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5971:
5928:
5885:
5847:
5814:
5783:
5729:
5718:
5684:
5674:
5623:
5561:
5547:Solvent bonding
5537:Plastic welding
5479:
5473:
5432:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5374:
5285:Polyester (PEs)
5222:
5216:
5211:
5181:
5176:
5148:
5103:
5093:DuPont Building
5076:DuPont analysis
4984:
4970:Charles M. Vest
4915:Roy J. Plunkett
4900:George Parshall
4895:Rudolph Pariser
4815:Donaldson Brown
4733:
4729:DuPont Building
4711:
4705:
4691:
4682:
4583:
4574:
4560:Edward D. Breen
4550:
4544:
4539:
4497:
4444:
4442:Further reading
4439:
4431:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4326:
4324:
4314:
4310:
4257:
4253:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4212:
4208:
4161:
4157:
4126:(11–12): A340.
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4060:Blake, Mariah.
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3730:
3726:
3703:
3699:
3680:Dentistry Today
3672:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3560:
3556:
3517:(3): CD010472.
3503:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3230:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3144:Daikin Chemical
3139:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3118:
3102:
3098:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2871:
2867:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2769:
2765:
2706:
2697:
2666:
2662:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2498:
2494:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2410:Wayback Machine
2401:
2397:
2366:
2359:
2340:
2336:
2321:
2317:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2265:Rhodes, Richard
2262:
2258:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2184:Plunkett, Roy J
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2134:on 16 July 2014
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
1979:
1941:
1914:
1908:
1888:epidemiologists
1878:As a result of
1842:
1836:
1813:
1808:
1774:oils) start to
1734:difluorocarbene
1714:
1656:butane hash oil
1649:dental fillings
1426:
1420:
1417:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1361:
1352:
1344:
1316:
1300:
1273:
1249:
1221:
1199:assemblies and
1176:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1125:
1113:
1102:
1074:
976:
972:
959:
955:
921:Young's modulus
831:
790:
787:
786:
785:
783:
755:
750:
745:
743:
740:
739:
729:
723:
719:
715:
711:
688:
593:Roy J. Plunkett
553:
497:due to the low
467:
460:
455:
454:
453: ?)
444:
440:
436:
432:
421:
420:
419:
418:
411:
404:
397:
390:
386:
378:
319:
307:
303:
299:
293:
279:
261:
254:
245:
225:
186:
170:
142:
129:
115:
107:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6162:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6129:Thermoplastics
6126:
6124:Fluoropolymers
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6104:Dry lubricants
6101:
6096:
6091:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6009:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5895:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5838:Vinyl chloride
5835:
5832:Polycarbonates
5824:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5806:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5731:
5730:
5717:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5645:Packaging film
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5628:Specific goods
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5552:Vacuum forming
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5423:Polymeric foam
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Polyimide (PI)
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5260:Polyamide (PA)
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:Du Pont Motors
5085:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Remington Arms
5043:
5041:Nemours Estate
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5003:
5001:Du Pont family
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4940:Joseph Shivers
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4920:John J. Raskob
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:John T. Dillon
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Norman Borlaug
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4775:Lammot du Pont
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:Eugene du Pont
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4738:Notable people
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4710:Divisions and
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4693:joint ventures
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4570:Rajiv L. Gupta
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4496:
4495:External links
4493:
4492:
4491:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4425:
4411:
4397:
4383:
4369:
4355:
4334:
4308:
4251:
4233:
4206:
4155:
4106:
4078:
4052:
4026:
3998:
3968:
3942:
3930:www.cancer.org
3914:
3895:(4): 176–178.
3879:
3844:
3818:
3792:
3777:
3749:
3743:978-1936807239
3742:
3724:
3697:
3666:
3652:
3630:
3627:(5). May 1990.
3608:
3583:
3572:(5): 262–266.
3554:
3497:
3483:
3458:
3447:on 3 July 2015
3428:
3417:on 5 July 2015
3402:
3390:
3365:
3335:
3309:
3291:
3279:
3254:
3244:
3221:
3199:
3171:
3149:
3123:
3116:
3096:
3075:
3050:
3019:
3008:on 18 May 2014
2982:
2957:
2938:
2926:
2865:
2820:
2790:
2783:
2763:
2695:
2660:
2642:
2630:
2605:
2548:
2541:
2512:
2492:
2439:
2414:
2395:
2376:(6): 655–679.
2357:
2334:
2329:New York Times
2315:
2293:
2279:
2256:
2242:
2216:
2194:
2171:
2145:
2115:
2090:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1940:
1937:
1922:fluoropolymers
1910:Main article:
1907:
1904:
1838:Main article:
1835:
1832:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1627:
1613:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1576:
1566:
1532:
1529:twisty puzzles
1525:
1479:
1476:trabeculectomy
1472:
1465:
1462:
1461:from escaping.
1455:
1452:
1449:
1428:
1427:
1402:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1315:
1312:
1299:
1296:
1272:
1269:
1248:
1245:
1225:plain bearings
1220:
1219:Bearings seals
1217:
1175:
1172:
1158:
1157:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1073:
1070:
1005:
1004:
1001:
994:
993:
990:
983:
982:
970:
966:
965:
953:
947:
946:
943:
937:
936:
933:
931:Yield strength
927:
926:
923:
917:
916:
913:
907:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
839:non-stick pans
830:
827:
795:
794:
788:
753:
732:
731:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
695:polymerization
687:
684:
674:chain scission
647:non-stick pans
616:General Motors
552:
549:
505:of any solid.
465:
462:
461:
456:
434:
433:
429:standard state
426:
423:
422:
412:
405:
398:
391:
376:
375:
374:
373:
371:
362:
361:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
337:
336:
330:
324:
323:
316:
310:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
289:
286:
285:
281:
280:
278:
277:
264:
262:
250:
247:
246:
244:
243:
235:
233:
227:
226:
224:
223:
215:
213:
207:
206:
196:
188:
187:
185:
184:
180:
178:
172:
171:
169:
168:
160:
158:
152:
151:
148:
147:Abbreviations
144:
143:
141:
140:
132:
130:
125:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
94:
93:
85:
84:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6161:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6119:Fluorocarbons
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6071:
6066:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6025:Garbage patch
6023:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6011:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5891:Health issues
5888:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5715:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:Shopping bags
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:(Agriculture)
5619:
5618:Plasticulture
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Geosynthetics
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Thermoforming
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Thermoplastic
5401:
5400:
5398:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5173:
5165:
5163:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:Charles Stine
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Samuel Bodman
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:Henry du Pont
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4434:
4429:
4421:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4393:
4387:
4379:
4373:
4365:
4359:
4351:
4344:
4338:
4323:
4322:The Intercept
4319:
4312:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4171:(2): 251–69.
4170:
4166:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4082:
4067:
4063:
4056:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4015:
4008:
4002:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3833:on 2 May 2013
3832:
3828:
3822:
3807:on 2 May 2013
3806:
3802:
3796:
3788:
3781:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3656:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3597:
3596:TheCubicle.us
3593:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3226:
3210:
3203:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3085:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3004:
3000:
2999:Solon Mfg. Co
2993:
2986:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2786:
2784:9781849733915
2780:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2544:
2542:9781455774425
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2349:
2348:Baltimore Sun
2345:
2338:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2282:
2280:0-671-65719-4
2276:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2204:
2198:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2128:Microwaves101
2125:
2119:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
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1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:measurements.
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1266:
1263:analogues of
1262:
1261:electrostatic
1258:
1254:
1244:
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1238:
1234:
1230:
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1117:This section
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1111:
1106:
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1097:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:excimer laser
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
992:60 MV/m
991:
989:(1 MHz)
988:
985:
984:
979:
971:
968:
967:
962:
954:
952:
949:
948:
944:
942:
939:
938:
934:
932:
929:
928:
925:0.5 GPa
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
912:
909:
908:
904:
902:
899:
898:
894:
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867:
863:
862:alkali metals
859:
855:
852:
851:thermoplastic
844:
840:
835:
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824:
820:
816:
810:
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800:
799:sulfate ester
781:
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737:
728:
707:
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541:legal actions
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345:10 Ω·cm
344:
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328:Melting point
326:
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269:DTXSID7047724
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49:
48:fluoropolymer
45:
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33:
19:
6094:Biomaterials
5735:Plasticizers
5683:Environment
5635:Blister pack
5588:Construction
5497:Blow molding
5339:
5141:
5134:
5080:
4870:Steven Ittel
4850:Linda Fisher
4830:Uma Chowdhry
4688:Subsidiaries
4654:
4454:
4450:
4428:
4414:
4400:
4386:
4372:
4358:
4349:
4337:
4325:. Retrieved
4321:
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4224:. Retrieved
4209:
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3865:
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3831:the original
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:the original
3795:
3786:
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3764:
3733:
3727:
3713:(4): 470–2.
3710:
3706:
3700:
3683:
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3669:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3633:
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3440:
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3415:the original
3405:
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3352:the original
3347:
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3321:
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3062:
3053:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3003:the original
2998:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2966:"PTFE Sheet"
2960:
2950:
2941:
2929:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2838:(3–4): 311.
2835:
2829:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2807:the original
2802:
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2773:
2766:
2717:
2713:
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2352:the original
2347:
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2310:the original
2305:
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2229:the original
2219:
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2197:
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2157:
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2132:the original
2127:
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2102:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2077:
2046:
1997:
1989:
1971:
1954:
1926:
1915:
1901:
1877:
1854:
1843:
1814:
1791:carcinogenic
1785:
1764:cooking oils
1757:
1741:
1728:, including
1724:gases and a
1722:fluorocarbon
1715:
1642:dental floss
1635:hub bearings
1446:ski bindings
1439:
1418:
1404:
1381:
1370:
1359:Kitchen ware
1353:
1345:
1324:The O2 Arena
1317:
1306:assemblies,
1301:
1282:
1278:bismaleimide
1274:
1250:
1233:slide plates
1222:
1213:polyethylene
1177:
1146:
1137:
1126:Please help
1121:verification
1118:
1087:
1075:
1055:
1039:
1033:. There are
1008:
935:23 MPa
848:
811:
796:
733:
726:
705:
692:free-radical
689:
678:
665:cross-linked
662:
659:
643:
630:at the vast
613:
609:polyethylene
590:
531:, which are
526:
507:
471:fluorocarbon
468:
366:
120:Identifiers
112:Other names
55:
43:
39:
38:
36:
6099:Dielectrics
5976:Regulations
5828:Bisphenol A
5512:Calendering
5454:Plasticizer
5394:Mechanical
5120:Pioneer 250
5115:Tour DuPont
5108:Sponsorship
4965:Earl Tupper
4890:James Lynah
4860:Jeff Gordon
4327:14 December
4271:: 939–949.
4014:Casaweb.org
3991:10 February
3837:28 November
3811:28 November
3770:26 February
3734:Beyond Buds
3592:"Lubicle 1"
3267:Espemfg.com
2881:: 233–242.
2164:10 February
2160:. June 2016
2138:16 February
1990:Dark Waters
1824:thermolysis
1806:Ecotoxicity
1795:Ecotoxicity
1751:in humans (
1688:gaming mice
1681:3D printers
1608:to collect
1547:radiometers
1542:meters and
1540:illuminance
1534:In optical
1522:thermobaric
1518:propellants
1421:August 2023
1377:hydrophobic
1373:frying pans
1326:in London,
1292:Minneapolis
1253:resistivity
1058:ultraviolet
1056:PTFE is an
843:hydrophobic
817:(PFOA) and
805:to give OH
487:hydrophobic
284:Properties
199:100.120.367
165:CHEBI:53251
6083:Categories
5904:Carcinogen
5869:Organotins
5739:Phthalates
5685:and health
5532:Pultrusion
5522:Laminating
5480:processing
4712:facilities
3983:(Report).
3421:17 January
2676:(6): 454.
2568:: 151945.
2470:2263/68582
2286:31 October
2180:US 2230654
2083:3 February
2078:Teflon.com
2058:References
1869:house dust
1865:Ohio River
1846:surfactant
1732:(TFE) and
1563:irradiance
1536:radiometry
1459:arthropods
1350:Lubricants
1271:Composites
1181:dielectric
1079:comonomers
1072:Processing
1031:formicaria
1003:−10.28×10
945:0.05–0.10
849:PTFE is a
829:Properties
807:end-groups
803:hydrolyzed
772:persulfate
686:Production
485:. PTFE is
240:E1NC1JVS3O
176:ChemSpider
127:CAS Number
103:IUPAC name
5933:Pollution
5899:Teratogen
5830:(BPA, in
5478:Plastics
5449:Colorants
5437:Additives
5221:Chemical
5011:B Reactor
4552:directors
4549:Selected
4165:Risk Anal
4071:31 August
4045:7 January
3531:1469-493X
3358:3 October
3272:28 August
3068:16 August
3063:Cowie.com
2975:16 August
2888:1403.4760
2860:122020437
2813:2 January
2742:0944-1344
2670:Synthesis
2600:244730906
2103:ebi.ac.uk
1799:ski waxes
1781:parakeets
1768:safflower
1726:sublimate
1718:pyrolysis
1589:superacid
1495:magnesium
1491:aluminium
1257:electrets
1247:Electrets
1209:microwave
1203:, and in
1197:connector
1193:insulator
1043:elastomer
980:< 2×10
963:< 5×10
882:Property
874:pyrolysis
841:as it is
776:homolyzes
637:plant in
522:catheters
518:lubricant
332:327
137:9002-84-0
5914:Diabetes
5820:Monomers
5800:Adipates
5722:plastics
5576:segments
5566:Products
5214:Plastics
5162:Category
5099:Chemours
4635:Neoprene
4588:Products
4479:11460160
4303:28962433
4201:10777081
4193:18419647
4150:24284021
4066:HuffPost
3719:15279489
3692:11824121
3549:36912740
3540:10010250
3164:23 April
2952:Berkeley
2921:11545416
2913:24705364
2758:10437300
2750:28913736
2690:96276938
2621:Chemours
2592:34843762
2487:59338589
2479:30689365
2432:28 April
2406:Archived
2302:"Teflon"
2267:(1986).
2205:. DuPont
2010:Gore-Tex
1977:See also
1929:Chemours
1886:, three
1828:wetlands
1739:(RCF2).
1737:radicals
1669:example.
1620:arteries
1617:stenotic
1555:diffuser
1551:infrared
1511:igniters
1503:fluoride
1487:oxidizer
1413:relocate
1284:Gore-Tex
1207:used at
1140:May 2017
774:, which
503:friction
483:fluorine
367:NFPA 704
360:Hazards
64:spin-off
60:Chemours
6042:Dioxins
5962:Dioxins
5919:Obesity
5660:Cutlery
5650:Bottles
5172:Commons
4989:History
4610:Hypalon
4487:4405763
4459:Bibcode
4294:5598527
4273:Bibcode
4226:23 July
4173:Bibcode
4141:3855507
4099:25 June
4019:5 March
3961:11 June
3935:4 April
3909:4723395
3872:4 April
3645:9 April
3476:5 March
3383:5 March
3328:21 July
3214:1 April
3192:1 April
3187:VEDANTU
2893:Bibcode
2840:Bibcode
2722:Bibcode
2570:Bibcode
2378:Bibcode
2235:10 June
2209:10 June
2108:12 July
1983:BS 4994
1848:in the
1772:avocado
1573:rifling
1509:and as
1411:Please
973:ε = 2.1
956:ε = 2.1
854:polymer
823:FRD-903
551:History
451:what is
449: (
314:Density
308:
6109:DuPont
5759:(BBzP)
5728:(PHCs)
5640:Chairs
5608:Nurdle
5066:Conoco
4674:Zodiaq
4665:Vespel
4655:Teflon
4650:Sorona
4625:Kevlar
4620:Kapton
4615:Kalrez
4595:Corian
4542:DuPont
4485:
4477:
4451:Nature
4301:
4291:
4199:
4191:
4148:
4138:
3907:
3740:
3717:
3690:
3601:20 May
3547:
3537:
3529:
3451:22 May
3300:"PTFE"
3242:
3114:
3012:18 May
2919:
2911:
2858:
2781:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2688:
2598:
2590:
2539:
2485:
2477:
2277:
2190:
2182:,
2124:"PTFE"
1951:(PFA).
1884:DuPont
1760:welded
1712:Safety
1694:waste)
1631:chains
1485:as an
1386:Others
1259:, the
1237:acetal
1201:cables
1094:sinter
978:tan(δ)
961:tan(δ)
885:Value
597:DuPont
579:(LDEF)
479:carbon
446:verify
443:
320:
220:D08974
97:Names
68:DuPont
56:Teflon
18:Teflon
6013:Waste
5859:PBDEs
5770:(DOP)
5396:types
5223:types
4678:Zytel
4670:Viton
4660:Tyvek
4645:Nylon
4640:Nomex
4630:Mylar
4605:Freon
4600:FE-13
4483:S2CID
4346:(PDF)
4197:S2CID
4010:(PDF)
3288:p 573
3140:(PDF)
3087:(PDF)
3006:(PDF)
2995:(PDF)
2917:S2CID
2883:arXiv
2856:S2CID
2754:S2CID
2686:S2CID
2596:S2CID
2483:S2CID
2038:Notes
1968:(FEP)
1962:(PFA)
1882:with
1776:smoke
1745:birds
1241:nylon
1229:gears
1047:creep
1027:gecko
716:→ −(F
651:Tefal
322:kg/m
156:ChEBI
150:PTFE
66:from
5874:PFCs
5864:PCBs
5840:(in
5804:DEHA
5779:DINP
5774:DIDP
5768:DEHP
5763:DIHP
5747:DIBP
5724:and
5655:Bags
4690:and
4475:PMID
4329:2018
4299:PMID
4228:2017
4220:RIVM
4189:PMID
4146:PMID
4101:2018
4073:2015
4047:2016
4021:2022
3993:2019
3963:2020
3937:2022
3905:PMID
3874:2022
3839:2014
3813:2014
3772:2018
3738:ISBN
3715:PMID
3688:PMID
3647:2016
3603:2017
3545:PMID
3527:ISSN
3515:2023
3478:2022
3453:2015
3423:2019
3385:2022
3360:2018
3330:2024
3274:2018
3240:ISBN
3216:2024
3194:2024
3166:2017
3112:ISBN
3070:2017
3014:2014
2977:2017
2909:PMID
2815:2012
2779:ISBN
2746:PMID
2738:ISSN
2588:PMID
2537:ISBN
2475:PMID
2434:2022
2288:2010
2275:ISBN
2237:2009
2211:2009
2166:2020
2140:2012
2110:2012
2085:2021
2005:ETFE
1912:GenX
1906:GenX
1834:PFOA
1770:and
1624:vein
1587:, a
1513:for
1499:soot
1493:and
1304:hose
1239:and
1009:The
868:and
782:⇌ 2
720:C−CF
712:C=CF
632:K-25
545:GenX
529:PFAS
481:and
318:2200
231:UNII
211:KEGG
183:None
62:, a
44:PTFE
5842:PVC
5809:DOA
5757:BBP
5752:DBP
4467:doi
4455:412
4289:PMC
4281:doi
4181:doi
4136:PMC
4128:doi
4124:121
3897:doi
3574:doi
3535:PMC
3519:doi
3041:doi
2949:",
2901:doi
2879:242
2875:JMR
2848:doi
2730:doi
2678:doi
2578:doi
2566:808
2529:doi
2505:doi
2465:hdl
2457:doi
2453:119
2386:doi
2326:",
1290:in
1195:in
1130:by
697:of
491:wet
257:EPA
58:by
50:of
6085::
5737::
4481:.
4473:.
4465:.
4453:.
4348:.
4320:.
4297:.
4287:.
4279:.
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4263:.
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4169:28
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3893:34
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3847:^
3763:.
3752:^
3711:29
3709:.
3684:21
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2718:24
2716:.
2712:.
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958:,
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641:.
524:.
415:OX
334:°C
296:(C
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1147:(
1142:)
1138:(
1124:.
789:4
752:4
738:(
730:−
727:n
724:)
722:2
718:2
714:2
710:2
708:F
706:n
441:N
408:0
401:0
394:1
306:n
304:)
302:4
300:F
298:2
259:)
255:(
42:(
34:.
20:)
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