388:
444:, approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of the Madrid Airport. The time of the accident was approximately 00:06 on 27 November. The plane hit three different hills on its way down during the crash, with the third hill being the final impact. The debris of the airplane was widely scattered as a consequence of the impacts. The crash killed 158 passengers, 19 crew members, and four off-duty crew members. Miraculously, 11 passengers (6 women and 5 men) survived, but were seriously injured. Of the injured, nine were ejected from the airplane, a few of them still in their seats, and two claimed to have exited the aircraft by themselves. The aircraft was completely destroyed by the impact and ensuing fire. The airplane was equipped with a
27:
517:
traffic controllers. The aircraft carried a valid certificate of airworthiness, as well as a registration and maintenance certificate. The airplane was maintained in accordance with the prescribed maintenance program, and the navigation and approach aids were checked and found to be functioning correctly. In addition, there was no record of malfunctions in the controllers' communications or radar equipment, and no evidence was discovered of defects in the aircraft engines or systems.
607:
643:
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619:
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There was no evidence of any anomalies in Paris prior to this flight. The crew had stayed in the city 72 hours after arriving on flight AV010 on the first day, 24 November 1983. The investigation also determined that the pilot-in-command and crew were properly licensed and qualified, as were the air
421:
The flight engineer was 57-year-old Juan
Laverde, another one of Avianca's veteran pilots, who had been with the airline for 25 years and had 15,942 flight hours. He was the most experienced on the Boeing 747, having logged 3,676 hours on it. There were also two relief flight engineers on board:
371:(ILS) approach to runway 33, the 747 crashed on a hill approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south east of the airport, killing 181 people, including 19 on-duty and four off-duty crew members. The 11 surviving passengers were seriously injured. The cause of the accident was judged to be
434:
conditions just before the crash consisted of a visibility of 8 kilometres (5 mi), and the wind was calm. About 20 minutes prior to the impact, the aircraft had obtained meteorological information on the weather conditions at
Barajas from Avianca. The first contact with Spanish
1093:"COLUMN ONE: A People Problem in the Air : Technology and engineering advances have made the machinery of air travel safer. But federal records disclose a vast array of procedural blunders by pilots and air traffic controllers"
414:
The captain was 58-year-old Tulio Hernández, who was one of
Avianca's most experienced pilots, having been with the airline for 32 years. He had logged a total of 23,215 flight hours, including 2,432 hours on the Boeing 747.
439:
had taken place at 23:31. At 00:03 the aircraft contacted
Barajas again, and was cleared to land on runway 33; this was the air traffic controller's last contact with the aircraft. The accident took place in the township of
359:
that crashed near Madrid on 27 November 1983. It took off from
Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris at 22:25 on 26 November 1983 for Madrid Barajas Airport; take-off was delayed waiting for additional passengers from a
1901:
1951:
468:
PROBABLE CAUSE: "The pilot-in-command, without having any precise knowledge of his position, set out to intercept the instrument landing system (ILS) on an incorrect track without initiating the published
375:, the captain having incorrectly determined the position of the plane. As of 2024, Avianca Flight 011 remains the second-deadliest aviation accident in Spanish territory (the deadliest being the
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The first officer was 36-year-old
Eduardo Ramírez, who had been with the airline for 10 years and had 4,384 flight hours, with 875 of them on the Boeing 747.
411:
by the airline's employees. The aircraft was powered by four Pratt & Whitney JT9D-70A turbofan engines and was 6.3 years old at the time of the accident.
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e) The APP controller, in failing to inform the aircraft that radar service had terminated, did not maintain a proper watch on the radar scope."
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maneuver; in so doing, he descended below the sector minima until he collided with the ground. Contributory factors were:
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As of 2024, Avianca still operates Flight 011, now as a daily non-stop flight from Madrid to Bogota, using a
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b) Failure of the crew to take corrective action in accordance with the operating instructions of the
364:
flight due to a cancellation of the Paris-Frankfurt-Paris segment by
Avianca for operational reasons.
1358:
655:
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368:
206:
983:
1941:
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379:), the deadliest accident in mainland Spain, and the deadliest accident in the history of Avianca.
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1218:
845:"176 Are Believed Killed in Crash Of 747 Jet Near Madrid's Airport: Airliner Crashes Near Madrid"
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by the crew, which placed them in an incorrect position for initiating the approach maneuver;
407:. It was leased to Avianca in 1982 and re-registered as HK-2910X. The aircraft was nicknamed
177:
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1714:
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670:
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1141:"Hoy cumpliría 90 años Jorge Ibargüengoitia, un autor imprescindible para entender México"
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The aircraft was a Boeing 747-200BM Combi that first flew in 1977 and was delivered to
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986:[It looks as if it is the localizer and, if so, it is wrong. I hope!].
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Victims include several notable people invited to the
Colombian Government's
452:, both of which were recovered on the day of the accident in good condition.
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796:. International Civil Aviation Organization: 105–141. 1983. Archived from
1902:
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
581:
496:
431:
372:
67:
1952:
Aviation accidents and incidents caused by air traffic controller error
1069:"Investigators today investigated why an Avianca airlines jumbo jet..."
889:. Vol. 133, no. 45,876. Associated Press. November 28, 1983.
820:
Aviation
Disasters: The World's Major Civil Airliner Crashes Since 1950
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136:
883:"Death Toll in the Crash of 747 Jet Near Madrid Airport Rises to 183"
361:
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the same year. The aircraft was registered as LN-RNA and was named
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d) Imprecise position information supplied to the aircraft by APP;
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1043:"Relatives of Madrid crash victims help identify charred bodies"
352:
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86:
851:. Vol. 133, no. 45,875. Reuters. November 27, 1983.
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1191:
Civil
Aviation Accident and Incident Investigation Commission
676:
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
462:
Civil Aviation Accident and Incident Investigation Commission
348:
232:
210:
90:
31:
HK-2910X, the aircraft involved, photographed in August 1983
958:"Avianca HK-2910X (Boeing 747 - MSN 21381) (Ex LN-RNA)"
1897:
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
1019:[Remembering the Avianca jumbo jet accident].
984:"El localizador parece que, si está, está mal. Espero"
708:
The M meaning a mixed passenger-cargo (Combi) aircraft
1035:
595:
1196:Report from the Ministry of Infrastructures, Spain
1182:Photo of the crashed airliner from AirDisaster.com
1117:"AV11 (AVA11) Avianca Flight Tracking and History"
584:– Argentine writer and art critic, and her husband
430:It was nighttime at the time of the accident, the
1014:
578:– Peruvian novelist, poet, and political activist
566:– Uruguayan writer, academic, and literary critic
1922:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
1883:
699:The first segment was cancelled for this flight.
587:Ana Sixta Gonzalez de Cuadros, Colombian senator
547:Primer Encuentro de la Cultura Hispanoamericana
1205:Transcript of the cockpit voice recorder (CVR)
1017:"Recordando el accidente del Jumbo de Avianca"
916:"Recordando el accidente del Jumbo de Avianca"
1511:
1239:
1170:Pre-Crash photos of HK-2910 at Airliners.net
926:
549:). Other notable victims were named in the
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1232:
812:
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460:The crash was investigated by the Spanish
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1917:Aviation accidents and incidents in Spain
1254:Aviation accidents and incidents in Spain
1015:Escobar Corradine, Jaime (2 March 2011).
950:
391:The aircraft involved being assembled in
1907:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1983
539:First meeting on Hispanoamerican culture
532:
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1327:Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130
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422:Daniel Zota and Julio Florez Camacho.
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1335:Tenerife Spantax Convair CV-990 crash
1227:
1937:Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport
1572:Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Flight 013
1351:Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight 48
816:
382:
225:Madrid Barajas International Airport
83:Madrid Barajas International Airport
1825:Malaysian Airline System Flight 684
1695:British Airways Sikorsky S-61 crash
870:
837:
754:
722:
70:, navigational error, and ATC error
16:1983 plane crash near Madrid, Spain
13:
934:"HK-2910X Avianca Boeing 747-200M"
733:
14:
1963:
1151:
1091:Rempel, William C. (1991-03-10).
1528:Aviation accidents and incidents
1284:Transair Douglas Dakota accident
1176:
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1067:Roberts, Lawrence (1983-11-28).
823:. History Press. pp. 251–.
641:
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617:
605:
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455:
1927:Avianca accidents and incidents
1815:TAMPA Colombia Boeing 707 crash
1665:Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8
1483:2015 Seville Airbus A400M crash
1448:Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261
1133:
1109:
1060:
486:ground proximity warning system
327:, registration HK-2910X, was a
261:El Dorado International Airport
1947:November 1983 events in Europe
1143:(in Spanish). 22 January 2018.
908:
702:
693:
64:Controlled flight into terrain
1:
1429:Britannia Airways Flight 226A
1276:Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash
982:Yárnoz, Carlos (1985-03-13).
715:
1892:Air traffic control in Spain
1632:Rhein-Main Starfighter crash
1622:Eastern Air Lines Flight 855
1612:Hijacking of CAAC Flight 296
783:"ICAO Circular (196-AN/119)"
666:American Airlines Flight 965
446:digital flight data recorder
401:Scandinavian Airlines System
7:
1725:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
1562:Turkish Airlines Flight 158
1552:United Airlines Flight 2885
817:Gero, David (29 May 2009).
591:
425:
243:Simón Bolívar Int'l Airport
10:
1968:
1845:Anchorage runway collision
1835:Ozark Air Lines Flight 650
1795:Nigeria Airways Flight 250
1047:United Press International
742:. Flight Safety Foundation
1864:
1675:Chosonminhang Il-62 crash
1543:
1474:
1439:
1420:
1369:
1359:Tenerife airport disaster
1302:
1259:
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656:Japan Airlines Flight 123
377:Tenerife airport disaster
369:instrument landing system
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207:Charles de Gaulle Airport
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1735:Guilin Airport collision
790:Aircraft Accident Digest
686:
393:Boeing's Everett factory
1932:1983 disasters in Spain
1755:Air Illinois Flight 710
1602:Negev mid-air collision
1219:Aviation Safety Network
740:Aviation Safety Network
437:air traffic controllers
1805:Madrid runway disaster
1402:Madrid runway disaster
736:"Accident description"
546:
514:
450:cockpit voice recorder
396:
329:Boeing 747-200BM Combi
137:Boeing 747-283BM Combi
47:; 40 years ago
1705:Air Canada Flight 143
1642:Air Canada Flight 797
1456:Flightline Flight 101
938:www.planespotters.net
661:Korean Air Flight 801
533:Notable people killed
527:Boeing 787 Dreamliner
466:
390:
1775:Aeroflot Flight 6833
1715:Aeroflot Flight 5463
1592:Aeroflot Flight E-46
1215:Accident description
964:. Airfleets aviation
803:on 17 February 2015.
671:Air Inter Flight 148
558:Jorge Ibargüengoitia
112:40.40333°N 3.44917°W
1873:► 1984
1867:1982 ◄
1855:Aeroflot Flight 601
1745:Gulf Air Flight 771
1464:Spanair Flight 5022
1378:Dan-Air Flight 1008
1311:Dan-Air Flight 1903
471:instrument approach
108: /
21:
1870:
1785:Avianca Flight 011
1394:Avianca Flight 011
1386:Spantax Flight 995
887:The New York Times
849:The New York Times
681:Prinair Flight 277
560:– Mexican novelist
442:Mejorada del Campo
397:
325:Avianca Flight 011
133:Aircraft type
117:40.40333; -3.44917
79:Mejorada del Campo
20:Avianca Flight 011
19:
1912:History of Madrid
1879:
1878:
1582:Avensa Flight 007
1493:
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1410:Iberia Flight 610
1343:Aviaco Flight 118
1319:Iberia Flight 602
1292:Iberia Flight 401
1187:
1186:
1097:Los Angeles Times
962:www.airfleets.net
830:978-0-7524-9992-5
572:– Spanish pianist
383:Aircraft and crew
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192:Frankfurt Airport
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922:. March 2, 2011.
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990:(in Spanish).
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477:a) Inaccurate
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76:
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71:
61:
57:
56:
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1964:
1953:
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1948:
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1925:
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1498:
1484:
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1479:
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1473:
1466:(August 2008)
1465:
1461:
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1453:
1450:(August 2001)
1449:
1445:
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1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:(August 1973)
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1286:(August 1959)
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1249:
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939:
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766:
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741:
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639:
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627:
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613:
603:
602:
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586:
583:
580:
577:
576:Manuel Scorza
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
555:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
521:Flight number
518:
504:
501:
498:
494:
491:c) Deficient
490:
487:
483:
480:
476:
475:
474:
472:
465:
463:
456:Investigation
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
433:
423:
419:
416:
412:
410:
406:
405:Magnus Viking
402:
394:
389:
380:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:international
330:
326:
317:
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309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
241:
239:Last stopover
237:
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:
193:
189:
187:Flight origin
185:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
126:
121:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
1784:
1652:
1393:
1380:(April 1980)
1361:(March 1977)
1270:(April 1910)
1208:(in Spanish)
1199:(in Spanish)
1135:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1086:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1049:. 1983-11-30
1046:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1023:(in Spanish)
1020:
1010:
999:. Retrieved
987:
977:
966:. Retrieved
961:
952:
941:. Retrieved
937:
928:
919:
910:
898:. Retrieved
886:
860:. Retrieved
848:
839:
819:
798:the original
793:
789:
744:. Retrieved
739:
704:
695:
570:Rosa Sabater
550:
538:
536:
524:
515:
467:
459:
429:
420:
417:
413:
408:
404:
398:
366:
324:
323:
221:2nd stopover
203:1st stopover
196:West Germany
190:
178:Registration
1313:(July 1970)
1260:Before 1970
1121:FlightAware
900:23 December
862:23 December
582:Marta Traba
497:flight deck
373:pilot error
367:During the
257:Destination
172:AVIANCA 011
115: /
68:pilot error
1886:Categories
1485:(May 2015)
1353:(May 1976)
1294:(May 1965)
1126:2020-08-20
1102:2020-11-24
1077:2020-11-24
1053:2020-11-24
1027:9 November
1001:2020-11-24
968:2020-11-24
943:2020-11-24
716:References
564:Ángel Rama
479:navigation
464:(CIAIAC).
335:scheduled
299:Fatalities
283:Passengers
100:40°24′12″N
996:1134-6582
920:Volavi.co
895:0362-4331
857:0362-4331
362:Lufthansa
341:Frankfurt
315:Survivors
275:Occupants
251:Venezuela
169:Call sign
103:3°26′57″W
1655:incident
636:Aviation
612:Colombia
592:See also
509:(CIAIAC)
507:—
493:teamwork
426:Accident
307:Injuries
269:Colombia
182:HK-2910X
143:Operator
128:Aircraft
37:Accident
1653:Alraigo
1532: (
1530:in 1983
1217:at the
988:El País
746:18 June
598:Portals
543:Spanish
495:on the
357:Caracas
247:Caracas
147:Avianca
81:, near
66:due to
60:Summary
50: (
1851:Dec 24
1841:Dec 23
1831:Dec 20
1821:Dec 18
1811:Dec 14
1791:Nov 28
1781:Nov 27
1771:Nov 18
1751:Oct 11
1741:Sep 23
1731:Sep 14
1711:Aug 30
1701:Jul 23
1691:Jul 16
1681:Jul 11
1628:May 22
1588:Apr 19
1578:Mar 11
1558:Jan 16
1548:Jan 11
1021:Volavi
994:
893:
855:
827:
448:and a
395:, 1977
355:, and
353:Madrid
345:Bogotá
331:on an
265:Bogotá
229:Madrid
215:France
164:AVA011
87:Madrid
1801:Dec 7
1761:Nov 8
1721:Sep 1
1671:Jul 1
1661:Jun 8
1648:Jun 6
1638:Jun 2
1618:May 5
1608:May 5
1598:May 1
1568:Mar 7
1475:2010s
1440:2000s
1421:1990s
1370:1980s
1303:1970s
801:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
687:Notes
624:Spain
409:Olafo
349:Paris
339:from
233:Spain
211:Paris
156:AV011
91:Spain
1534:1983
1029:2012
992:ISSN
902:2016
891:ISSN
864:2016
853:ISSN
825:ISBN
748:2013
347:via
291:Crew
75:Site
42:Date
1072:UPI
343:to
302:181
286:169
278:192
1888::
1119:.
1095:.
1045:.
960:.
936:.
918:.
885:.
872:^
847:.
809:^
794:30
792:.
788:.
756:^
738:.
724:^
553:.
545::
529:.
351:,
318:11
310:11
294:23
267:,
249:,
231:,
213:,
89:,
1536:)
1519:e
1512:t
1505:v
1247:e
1240:t
1233:v
1201:.
1129:.
1105:.
1080:.
1056:.
1031:.
1004:.
971:.
946:.
904:.
866:.
833:.
750:.
600::
541:(
499:;
488:;
54:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
