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and contain chromatin remnants from basophilic cells. Under normal conditions, these nuclear remnants are removed from the blood by the spleen's filtering capabilities. Howell-Jolly bodies can be identified and quantified using a blood smear or by flow cytometry. A high number of Howell-Jolly bodies
161:
Erythrocytes with membrane pits can be indicative of splenic dysfunction as a healthy spleen clears blood of pitted erythrocytes. Pitted erythrocytes can be counted using
Normarsky optics. Humans with healthy spleens have less than two percent of their red blood cells contain pits. In comparison, a
136:
One of the spleen's main tasks is to filter the blood and remove and recycle damaged or old red blood cells. Splenic function can be measured by filtering capabilities, as indicated by number of Howell-Jolly bodies or pitted erythrocytes in the blood. Both of these tests examine whether or not the
109:
against encapsulated bacteria and prophylactic antibiotics can be used to counteract lowered immunity in asplenic patients. Specifically, people without a spleen are recommended to be vaccinated against
179:
which causes progressive splenic hypofunction over time. Increased deoxygenation causes sickling of red blood cells, which adhere to the spleen wall and splenic macrophages causing
105:
and organisms that invade erythrocytes. People without a spleen have a weakened immune system, although other immune organs compensate for the missing spleen.
183:. This ischemia can result in splenic sequestration, where large amounts of blood pool in the spleen but do not flow within vasculature.
581:
Santilli, Daniele (2003). "Autosplenectomy and
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Pathogenic Relationship?".
75:
of the organ. Autosplenectomy is a rare condition that is linked to certain diseases but is not a common occurrence. It is also seen in
47:
to such an extent that it becomes shrunken and non-functional. The spleen is an important immunological organ that acts as a filter for
533:
98:
218:, The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education at Mercer University School of Medicine. Retrieved September 10, 2011
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bacteria, has been reported to cause autosplenectomy but is a very rare and poorly understood complication of the infection.
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320:"Detection, Education and Management of the Asplenic or Hyposplenic Patient - American Family Physician"
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63:. Asplenia can increase susceptibility to infection. Autosplenectomy can occur in cases of
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of invaders, and mounts an immunological response when necessary. Lack of a spleen, called
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Di
Sabatino, Antonio (April 6, 2011). "Post-splenectomy and hyposplenic states".
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person with asplenia may have up to 50% of their red blood cells contain pits.
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376:"What Is the Spleen? Functions & Info | Children's Hospital Pittsburgh"
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125:
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534:"Sickle Hemoglobin (Hb S) Allele and Sickle Cell Disease: A HuGE Review"
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is indicative of splenic hypofunction and potentially autosplenectomy.
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Absence of effective splenic function or absence of the whole spleen (
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where the misshapen cells block blood flow to the spleen, causing
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Brousse, Valentine; Buffet, Pierre; Rees, David (2014-07-01).
59:, can occur by autosplenectomy or the surgical counterpart,
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removal) is a negative outcome of disease and occurs when a
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Pneumococcal sepsis, or whole-body infection caused by the
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spleen is functioning normally by testing splenic outputs.
239:"The spleen and sickle cell disease: the sick(led) spleen"
490:. Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute. 2010
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212:"Autosplenectomy" with sickle cell anemia, gross
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175:The most frequent cause of autosplenectomy is
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97:) is associated with increased risks of
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99:overwhelming post-splenectomy infection
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318:Brigden, Malcolm L. (February 2001).
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583:Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
103:polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria
352:"Splenectomy Results - Mayo Clinic"
166:Diseases that cause autosplenectomy
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553:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010288
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295:"Splenectomy Risks - Mayo Clinic"
541:American Journal of Epidemiology
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243:British Journal of Haematology
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16:Loss of function of the spleen
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595:10.1016/S0049-0172(03)00004-0
509:Henry Knipe; Frank Gaillard.
454:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61493-6
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77:systemic lupus erythematosus
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132:Testing for autosplenectomy
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484:"Red Blood Cell Pit Count"
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401:"Functional hyposplenism"
324:American Family Physician
193:Streptococcus pneumoniae
623:Immune system disorders
532:Ashley-Koch, A (2000).
399:Kirkineska, L (2014).
121:Haemophilus influenzae
187:Pneumococcal sepsis
157:Pitted erythrocytes
146:Howell–Jolly bodies
141:Howell-Jolly bodies
65:sickle-cell disease
628:Diseases of spleen
488:Red Blood Cell Lab
356:www.mayoclinic.org
299:www.mayoclinic.org
177:sickle cell anemia
171:Sickle cell anemia
101:, especially from
513:. radiopaedia.org
511:"Autosplenectomy"
256:10.1111/bjh.12950
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49:red blood cells
21:autosplenectomy
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570:on 2015-09-06.
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565:the original
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126:meningococci
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83:Consequences
53:phagocytosis
43:damages the
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517:30 December
411:(1): 7–11.
405:Hippokratia
380:www.chp.edu
124:type b and
107:Vaccination
61:splenectomy
51:, triggers
617:Categories
385:2016-03-03
361:2016-03-03
334:2016-02-16
304:2016-03-02
199:References
29:'-splen-'
265:1365-2141
116:influenza
112:pneumonia
603:14625820
561:10791557
494:March 2,
470:30554953
462:21474172
427:25125944
330:(3): 499
281:40448991
273:24862308
181:ischemia
95:asplenia
89:Asplenia
69:scarring
57:asplenia
25:'auto-'
418:4103047
216:WebPath
79:(SLE).
73:atrophy
41:disease
35:-ectomy
31:spleen,
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442:Lancet
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45:spleen
568:(PDF)
537:(PDF)
466:S2CID
277:S2CID
27:self,
23:(from
599:PMID
557:PMID
519:2015
496:2016
458:PMID
423:PMID
269:PMID
261:ISSN
591:doi
549:doi
545:151
450:doi
446:378
413:PMC
251:doi
247:166
214:at
19:An
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