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works tirelessly, collecting material from all around, and also diligently repelling rival males, which are keen to usurp his position. The effort involved eventually wears him down, and he will ultimately be defeated by a new king. The eggs are very large (90 × 45 mm), and the young are fully fledged on hatching. They can fly within hours, as soon as the feathers are dry. The eggs are hatched by the heat of the composting mound, the temperature of which is regulated by adding or removing material to maintain the temperature in the 33–35 °C (91–95 °F) incubation temperature range. The
Australian brushturkey checks the temperature by sticking its beak into the mound.
615:
499:, incubation temperature affects the sex ratio of chicks, but the mechanism is different between reptiles and these birds, with reptiles exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination, and megapodes exhibiting temperature-dependent embryo mortality. The sex ratio in brushturkeys is equal at incubation temperatures of 34 °C, but results in more males when cooler and more females when warmer. Whether the parents use this to manipulate the sex of their offspring by, for instance, selecting the nesting site accordingly, is unclear. Warmer incubation also results in heavier, fitter chicks, but how this is linked to sex is also unknown.
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In situations where they come into contact with humans, such as picnic areas in national parks and suburban gardens, brushturkeys exhibit little fear and often boldly attempt to steal food from tables and raid compost bins. Brush-turkeys in more urbanized areas show reduced fear compared to birds in
502:
The same nesting site is frequently used year after year, with the old nests being added to each breeding season. The average clutch of eggs is between 16 and 24 large white eggs, which are laid
September to March. Sometimes, up to 50 eggs laid by several females may be found in a single mound. The
491:
They build large nests on the ground made of leaves, other compostable material, and earth, 1 to 1.5 metres (3.3 to 4.9 ft) high and up to 4 m (13 ft) across. Mound-building is done by a dominant male, and visited by a succession of local females, for mating and egg-laying. The male
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forests, but can also be found in drier scrubs and open areas. In the northern part of its range, the
Australian brushturkey is most common at higher altitudes, but individuals move to the lowland areas in winter. In the south, it is common in both mountain and lowland regions.
475:
473:
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458:. The underside of the body is sprinkled with white feathers, more pronounced in older birds. The brushturkey is a clumsy flyer and cannot fly long distances, only taking to the air when threatened by predators or to roost in trees at night and during the heat of the day.
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eggs are placed in a circle roughly 60–80 cm (23.5–31.5 in) down, 20–30 cm (8–12 in) apart, always with the large end up. The newly hatched young dig themselves out of the mound and then have to care for themselves.
523:. Often, goannas exhibit wounds on their tails from having been pecked by brushturkeys that ferociously chase them away from their nests. Chicks are left to fend for themselves from their hatching so they have a high death rate.
471:
454:). The males' wattles become much larger during breeding season, often swinging from side to side as they run. The males' heads and wattles also become much brighter during the breeding and
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952:
Hall, Matthew J.; Burns, Alicia L.; Martin, John M.; Hochuli, Dieter F. (2020). "Flight initiation distance changes across landscapes and habitats in a successful urban coloniser".
430:
It is a large bird with black feathers and a red head. Its total length is about 60–75 cm (23.5–29.5 in) and a wingspan of about 85 cm (33 in). The subspecies
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The
Australian brushturkey is fully protected in Queensland. Under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 it is an offence to harm brush turkeys. A class 1 offence incurs 3000
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The
Australian brushturkey can damage gardens when raking up the ground looking for food. It can also cause extensive damage to food crops. The New South Wales
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in South
Australia. It is the largest extant representative of the family Megapodiidae, and is one of three species to inhabit Australia.
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1263:"NATURE CONSERVATION ACT 1992 – SECT 88 Restrictions on taking protected animal and keeping or use of unlawfully taken protected animal"
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In New South Wales, shooting a brush turkey has resulted in fines of up to A$ 22,000, under the
Biodiversity Conservation Act.
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The range of the
Australian brushturkey extends from the top of Cape York to approximately the area around Wollongong.
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national parks. They nest in suburban gardens, and in search of material for their nests remove enormous amounts of
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Brushturkeys are fairly common presently, but in the 1930s, the bird was supposed to be approaching extinction.
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1324:"ABC Science: Australian brush turkey's dramatic fall and rapid rise in cities mapped by researchers"
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is mainly blackish, but with a bare red head, and a yellow (in the nominate subspecies) or purple
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600:($ 483,900) or two years imprisonment. A class 4 offence incurs 100 penalty units ($ 16,130).
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520:
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1300:"Locals distressed as someone is violently attacking the protected brush turkeys of Byron Bay"
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206:
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1363:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, and the National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife.
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8:
3421:
593:. Their eggs, which weigh on average 180 g (6.3 oz), are also sometimes eaten.
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435:
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69:
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1166:
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Brushturkeys are now common in urban environments and can be found in backyards in both
483:
331:
Despite its name and their superficial similarities, the bird is not closely related to
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344:
336:
99:
41:
3879:
3778:
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735:"Mr Albines", a male Australian brushturkey (albino) in Noosa, Queensland, Australia
961:
928:"Rare white brush turkey in Noosa amazes scientist as species booms in urban areas"
898:
890:
816:. NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, New South Wales Government.
794:
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1231:. The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Science). 23 June 2003
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1136:"A bush tucker hunting program helps homeless men re-connect with culture"
985:(Press release). New South Wales Government. 27 April 2009. Archived from
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339:, which is also known as the bush turkey. Its closest relatives are the
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2014:
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1980:
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768:
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provides hints for living with brushturkeys in urban environments.
552:
496:
305:
166:
136:
301:, is a common, widespread species of mound-building bird from the
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3259:
3252:
3176:
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2331:
2188:
2129:
2034:
2007:
586:
443:
755:
Australian brushturkey in a suburban backyard, Sydney, Australia
487:
Leaf litter nest of an
Australian brushturkey in northern Sydney
442:. It has a prominent, fan-like tail flattened sideways, and its
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2338:
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1997:
1943:
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1421:
556:
512:
126:
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1448:
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516:
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146:
620:
Male
Australian brushturkey at Mount Coot-tha, Queensland
324:. The Australian brushturkey has also been introduced to
1101:
1350:
Handbook of Australian New Zealand and Antarctic Birds
951:
1158:
1085:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
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3282:
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3083:
2886:
2756:
2746:
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2105:
2095:
2085:
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2003:
1986:
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1928:
1901:
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1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1831:
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1610:
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1572:
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1506:
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580:
Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Water
519:
and dogs, though brushturkeys were also a staple of
1375:
Australian Brush-turkey videos, photos & sounds
506:
876:
799:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678551A131902671.en
1167:"Bush tucker first up on the Cold Esky Challenge"
1165:FitzRoy, Louise; Cahill, Gavin (18 August 2008).
3912:
1052:
793:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.
1361:The Birds of Prey and Ground Birds of Australia
1010:"Brisbane's brush turkey explosion heads south"
1348:Marchant, S. and Higgins, P.J. (eds.) (1993).
1196:Australia's Tropical Rainforest World Heritage
1181:
1407:
1277:"Sentencing fines and penalties for offences"
1164:
1297:
1359:Olsen, P., Crome, F. and Olsen, J. (1993).
1072:
1070:
879:"Temperature-dependent sex ratio in a bird"
877:Göth, Ann; Booth, David T (22 March 2005).
589:for food, including as part of the diet of
398:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2561:
1806:
1414:
1400:
1321:
78:
54:
40:
1298:Farrow-Smith, Elloise (8 November 2018).
1127:
1110:"Stuff the turkeys, dingoes need a break"
1076:
977:
975:
902:
511:Brushturkey eggs are a favourite food of
479:Australian brushturkey building his mound
418:Learn how and when to remove this message
1107:
1067:
925:
482:
465:
266:
14:
3913:
1306:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1007:
972:
828:"Brush turkeys | Living with wildlife"
3368:
3367:
2548:
2294:
1793:
1473:
1395:
1356:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
1133:
1079:"Man v bird: the brush turkey battle"
1198:. Wet Tropics Management Authority.
808:
806:
573:
539:The Australian brushturkey inhabits
438:is smaller than the more widespread
396:adding citations to reliable sources
363:
3921:IUCN Red List least concern species
1343:Birds of the Australian Rainforests
1077:Collerton, Sarah (17 August 2009).
783:
24:
1474:
1341:Edden, R. and Boles, W.E. (1986).
1322:de Kruijff, Peter (13 July 2024).
1314:
919:
25:
3962:
1368:
1008:Taylor, John (29 December 2014).
803:
3347:
2530:
2295:
2276:
1775:
1205:from the original on 11 May 2013
1134:James, Melinda (23 April 2010).
1108:Williams, Brian (5 April 2013).
789:BirdLife International. (2018).
760:
740:
728:
716:
704:
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676:
664:
652:
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507:Predators and human interactions
368:
308:found in eastern Australia from
103:
2549:
1794:
1377:on the Internet Bird Collection
1291:
1269:
1255:
1243:
1217:
1142:. ABC Katherine. Archived from
1027:
926:Siossian, Emma (7 March 2020).
3951:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
1001:
945:
870:
845:
820:
359:
293:), also frequently called the
13:
1:
1063:. 8 January 1930. p. 19.
776:
723:Cairns, Queensland, Australia
632:Female Australian brushturkey
565:
1383:– New South Wales Government
1250:Nature Conservation Act 1992
659:Australian brushturkey chick
7:
983:"Living with Brush Turkeys"
767:Male brushturkey on tiles,
246:purple-wattled brush turkey
10:
3967:
3931:Endemic birds of Australia
1189:"Fact Sheet – Bush Tucker"
966:10.1007/s11252-020-00969-5
606:
534:
461:
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1963:
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1802:
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1639:
1609:
1486:
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1431:
1265:. classic.austlii.edu.au.
1225:"Australian brush-turkey"
853:"Australian Brush-turkey"
235:
230:
212:
205:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
3936:Birds of New South Wales
1426:and their extinct allies
1387:Factsheets — Brushturkey
1252:. legislation.qld.gov.au
814:"Australian Brushturkey"
3946:Birds described in 1831
3474:australian-brush-turkey
1381:Deterring brush turkeys
1279:. Queensland Government
281:Australian brush-turkey
35:Australian brushturkey
18:Australian brush-turkey
895:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0247
591:Aboriginal Australians
521:Aboriginal Australians
488:
480:
277:Australian brushturkey
272:
258:Australian brushturkey
3893:Paleobiology Database
3671:Paleobiology Database
1345:. Sydney: Reed Books.
1059:"Outdoor Australia".
857:The Australian Museum
832:Queensland Government
486:
478:
270:
452:A. l. purpureicollis
432:A. l. purpureicollis
392:improve this section
310:Far North Queensland
239:A. l. purpureicollis
3941:Birds of Queensland
1354:Raptors to Lapwings
585:They are sometimes
440:nominate subspecies
436:Cape York Peninsula
341:wattled brushturkey
70:Conservation status
3469:BirdLife-Australia
1688:Quercymegapodiidae
489:
481:
434:from the northern
345:Waigeo brushturkey
337:Australian bustard
273:
3908:
3907:
3880:Open Tree of Life
3658:Open Tree of Life
3370:Taxon identifiers
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3066:
3065:
2540:
2539:
2525:
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2501:
2500:
2286:
2285:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2080:Archaealectrornis
2058:
2057:
1785:
1784:
1770:
1769:
1146:on 3 January 2014
1089:on 25 August 2012
750:
574:Human interaction
476:
428:
427:
420:
265:
264:
259:
255:
247:
243:
187:
93:
16:(Redirected from
3958:
3901:
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3887:
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3874:
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3861:
3859:NHMSYS0021248819
3849:
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3835:
3823:
3822:
3810:
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3800:
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3786:
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3773:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3705:
3704:
3702:Alectura-lathami
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3624:NHMSYS0021109582
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3562:
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3549:
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3489:
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3476:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3450:
3448:6BD20F58A143D7D0
3438:
3437:
3435:Alectura_lathami
3425:
3424:
3422:Alectura_lathami
3412:
3411:
3410:
3408:Alectura lathami
3397:
3396:
3395:
3378:Alectura lathami
3365:
3364:
3352:
3351:
3301:
3284:
3274:
3085:
3077:
3076:
2888:
2832:
2831:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
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2628:
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2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2570:
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2559:
2558:
2546:
2545:
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2534:
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2346:
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2174:
2173:
2107:
2097:
2087:
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2069:
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2005:
1988:
1951:
1941:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1903:
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1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1723:
1704:Quercymegapodius
1686:
1642:
1612:
1596:
1585:
1574:
1562:
1551:
1541:
1530:
1519:
1511:Archaeophasianus
1508:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1338:
1336:
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1120:
1114:The Courier Mail
1105:
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1074:
1065:
1064:
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1049:
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994:
979:
970:
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954:Urban Ecosystems
949:
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940:
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923:
917:
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906:
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867:
865:
863:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
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818:
817:
810:
801:
791:Alectura lathami
787:
764:
752:
751:
732:
720:
708:
696:
680:
668:
656:
646:Alectura lathami
641:
629:
617:
477:
423:
416:
412:
409:
403:
372:
364:
333:American turkeys
290:Alectura lathami
257:
253:
245:
242:(Le Souef, 1898)
241:
218:
216:Alectura lathami
182:
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
58:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3966:
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3203:
3141:
3107:
3062:
3034:Polyplectronini
3028:
2987:
2925:
2845:
2821:
2766:
2661:Palaeocryptonyx
2611:Eurobambusicola
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2536:
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2497:
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2401:
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2282:
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2115:
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2020:
1959:
1911:
1876:Palaeoalectoris
1811:
1798:
1781:
1774:
1766:
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1725:Sylviornithidae
1716:
1679:
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1614:Gallinuloididae
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1315:Further reading
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989:on 8 April 2013
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2411:
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1630:Paraortygoides
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1592:
1581:
1570:
1558:
1547:
1537:
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1490:
1488:incertae sedis
1480:
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1476:Pangalliformes
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1035:"Observations"
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2731:Shandongornis
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2705:
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2702:
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2407:Ptilopachinae
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2201:
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2175:
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2042:Macrocephalon
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1836:Bumbanipodius
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1623:Gallinuloides
1620:
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1362:
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1355:
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1329:
1325:
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1305:
1301:
1294:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1258:
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1246:
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1226:
1220:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1168:
1161:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1055:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1015:
1012:. Australia:
1011:
1004:
988:
984:
978:
976:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
933:
930:. Australia:
929:
922:
914:
910:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
858:
854:
848:
833:
829:
823:
815:
809:
807:
800:
796:
792:
786:
782:
770:
763:
758:
738:
731:
726:
719:
714:
707:
702:
695:
690:
686:
685:A. l. lathami
679:
674:
667:
662:
655:
650:
647:
640:
635:
628:
623:
616:
611:
610:
604:
601:
599:
598:penalty units
594:
592:
588:
583:
581:
571:
563:
560:
558:
554:
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530:
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518:
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485:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
422:
419:
411:
401:
397:
393:
387:
386:
382:
377:This section
375:
371:
366:
365:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:, nor to the
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
278:
269:
252:
251:A. l. lathami
249:
240:
237:
236:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:
211:
208:
207:Binomial name
204:
200:
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194:
191:
190:
185:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
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162:
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131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
106:
101:
97:
91:
86:
85:Least Concern
75:
71:
66:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3926:Megapodiidae
3713:
3377:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3304:Rhegminornis
3302:
3292:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3232:Centrocercus
3230:
3223:
3216:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3170:Crossoptilon
3168:
3163:Chrysolophus
3161:
3154:
3134:
3129:Tetraophasis
3127:
3120:
3113:Lophophorini
3100:
3093:
3086:
3057:Polyplectron
3055:
3048:
3041:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2947:Campocolinus
2945:
2938:
2920:Tetraogallus
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2838:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2795:Melanoperdix
2793:
2786:
2779:
2759:
2751:Titanoperdix
2749:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2711:Rustaviornis
2709:
2699:
2689:
2681:Panraogallus
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2471:Odontophorus
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2414:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2347:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2297:Phasianoidea
2249:Phasianoidea
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2187:
2180:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2108:
2100:Palaeonossax
2098:
2088:
2078:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2013:
2006:
1996:
1989:
1979:
1972:
1952:
1942:
1931:
1917:Megapodiidae
1904:
1896:Sobniogallus
1894:
1884:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1739:
1732:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1628:
1621:
1597:
1586:
1575:
1564:
1552:
1542:
1531:
1520:
1509:
1498:
1487:
1455:Galloanserae
1453:Superorder:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1303:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1271:
1257:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1195:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1140:Stateline NT
1139:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1082:
1060:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
957:
953:
947:
935:. Retrieved
921:
889:(1): 31–33.
886:
882:
872:
860:. Retrieved
856:
847:
835:. Retrieved
831:
822:
790:
785:
771:, Queensland
687:head details
684:
645:
602:
595:
584:
577:
569:
561:
550:
538:
525:
510:
501:
494:
490:
451:
431:
429:
414:
408:January 2022
405:
390:Please help
378:
330:
306:Megapodiidae
298:
295:scrub turkey
294:
289:
288:
284:
280:
276:
274:
250:
238:
215:
213:
197:
196:
177:
176:
167:Megapodiidae
29:
3828:iNaturalist
3738:Wikispecies
3567:iNaturalist
3402:Wikispecies
3325:Tympanuchus
3246:Falcipennis
3239:Dendragapus
3122:Lophophorus
3088:Chauvireria
3072:Phasianinae
3050:Haematortyx
3043:Galloperdix
2982:Scleroptila
2954:Francolinus
2940:Bambusicola
2851:Coturnicini
2781:Arborophila
2741:Shanxiornis
2721:Schaubortyx
2621:Lophogallus
2591:Centuriavis
2564:Phasianidae
2551:Phasianidae
2516:See below ↓
2507:Phasianidae
2492:Rhynchortyx
2457:Dactylortyx
2416:Ptilopachus
2258:See below ↓
2137:Chamaepetes
2121:Penelopinae
2090:Boreortalis
2026:Megapodiini
1991:Latagallina
1954:Ngawupodius
1933:Garrdimalga
1846:Bumbanortyx
1809:Galliformes
1796:Galliformes
1761:See below ↓
1752:Galliformes
1697:Ameripodius
1674:Xorazmortyx
1667:Scopelortyx
1544:Chambiortyx
1533:Austinornis
1500:Anisolornis
1229:Environment
1169:. ABC Rural
1044:3 September
1039:iNaturalist
993:10 February
937:27 November
545:sclerophyll
541:rainforests
360:Description
318:South Coast
314:Eurobodalla
299:bush turkey
231:Subspecies
157:Galliformes
3915:Categories
3697:Xeno-canto
3225:Canachites
3209:Tetraonini
3198:Syrmaticus
3147:Phasianini
3023:Rheinardia
3009:Argusianus
2975:Peliperdix
2968:Ortygornis
2906:Pternistis
2867:Ammoperdix
2816:Xenoperdix
2802:Rhizothera
2788:Caloperdix
2772:Rollulinae
2701:Plioperdix
2691:Pliogallus
2671:Palaeortyx
2601:Diangallus
2464:Dendrortyx
2436:Callipepla
2182:Oreophasis
2151:Penelopina
2049:Megapodius
1974:Aepypodius
1965:Alecturini
1856:Linquornis
1741:Sylviornis
1588:Percolinus
1566:Gigantibis
1554:Coturnipes
1522:Argillipes
1422:Genera of
1352:. Vol. 2:
777:References
711:On the run
566:Population
515:, snakes,
495:Like some
349:malleefowl
3729:Q10731928
3318:Tetrastes
3267:Meleagris
3191:Phasianus
3095:Ithaginis
2899:Perdicula
2860:Alectoris
2827:Pavoninae
2761:Tologuica
2641:Miogallus
2485:Philortyx
2325:Agelastes
2318:Acryllium
2309:Numididae
2223:Nothocrax
2015:Talegalla
1906:Taoperdix
1866:Namaortyx
1711:Taubacrex
1653:Paraortyx
1599:Tegulavis
1577:Litoripes
1435:Kingdom:
379:does not
192:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
3807:alectura
3758:Alectura
3744:Alectura
3723:Wikidata
3714:Alectura
3611:22678551
3585:10584769
3461:22678551
3456:BirdLife
3387:Wikidata
3294:Pucrasia
3136:Tragopan
3002:Afropavo
2993:Pavonini
2913:Synoicus
2892:Ophrysia
2874:Coturnix
2809:Rollulus
2651:Mioryaba
2581:Bantamyx
2478:Oreortyx
2450:Cyrtonyx
2386:Nanortyx
2349:Telecrex
2169:Cracinae
2144:Penelope
2064:Cracidae
1981:Alectura
1826:Amitabha
1660:Pirortyx
1443:Chordata
1441:Phylum:
1437:Animalia
1424:landfowl
1328:ABC News
1304:ABC News
1200:Archived
1083:ABC News
1014:ABC News
932:ABC News
913:17148121
769:Cooktown
671:Juvenile
553:Brisbane
543:and wet
497:reptiles
223:Gray, JE
178:Alectura
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
3820:2482107
3559:5229426
3546:lathami
3523:ausbrt1
3497:ausbrt1
3443:Avibase
3393:Q632066
3260:Lyrurus
3253:Lagopus
3177:Lophura
3156:Catreus
2931:Gallini
2443:Colinus
2396:Neortyx
2376:Miortyx
2332:Guttera
2200:Cracini
2189:Ortalis
2130:Aburria
2110:Procrax
2035:Eulipoa
2008:Progura
1886:Procrax
1459:Clade:
1447:Class:
1333:13 July
1235:6 April
1209:8 April
1173:8 April
1150:8 April
1119:8 April
1093:8 April
904:1629050
644:Egg of
607:Gallery
535:Habitat
517:dingoes
513:goannas
462:Nesting
444:plumage
400:removed
385:sources
355:Biology
316:on the
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
63:Female
3898:400049
3885:570959
3846:175703
3797:1ALEKG
3676:400050
3663:570956
3598:175704
3536:ALEKLA
3311:Tetrao
3218:Bonasa
3184:Perdix
2961:Gallus
2339:Numida
2158:Pipile
1998:Leipoa
1944:Mwalau
1283:8 July
1019:1 June
911:
901:
862:7 June
837:7 June
683:Male,
587:hunted
557:Sydney
448:wattle
347:, and
303:family
285:gweela
271:Female
225:, 1831
186:, 1824
184:Latham
3872:81906
3771:24801
3650:70233
3637:81907
3580:IRMNG
3518:eBird
3494:BOW:
3487:24802
3102:Lerwa
2230:Pauxi
1203:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
699:Adult
529:mulch
283:, or
49:Male
3867:NCBI
3841:ITIS
3833:2037
3815:GBIF
3792:EPPO
3766:BOLD
3689:1454
3632:NCBI
3606:IUCN
3593:ITIS
3572:2038
3554:GBIF
3531:EPPO
3510:BM6N
3482:BOLD
3016:Pavo
2216:Mitu
2209:Crax
1449:Aves
1335:2024
1285:2024
1237:2020
1211:2013
1175:2013
1152:2013
1121:2013
1095:2013
1046:2022
1021:2016
995:2013
939:2021
909:PMID
864:2024
839:2024
555:and
450:(in
383:any
381:cite
275:The
147:Aves
3854:NBN
3784:RPC
3779:CoL
3753:AFD
3684:TSA
3619:NBN
3505:CoL
3430:AFD
3417:ADW
962:doi
899:PMC
891:doi
795:doi
394:by
320:of
312:to
297:or
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897:.
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