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tasked with organising policies on imports. This extended role since its establishment has increased the international competitiveness of
Australian businesses post globalisation, a vision arranged by John Dawkins, former Trade Minister under the Hawke government. Austrade has allowed for countries to be economically integrated more than ever and is described as one of the most ambitious changes on the government trade promotion landscape since the creation of the Trade Commissioner Service in 1933 (Nicholls, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 417). There are four separate government entities under the original export promotion scheme, including a segment of the Department of Trade, Trade Commissioner Service, Export Finance Insurance Corporation and the Export Market Development Grant scheme (Dawkins, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 417). Dawkins was a key proponent for focusing on markets that needed assistance and has stressed the importance of directing attention to sunrise industries in order to help them compete on a global scale. According to Ferris in Chung and Mascitelli (2017), under these goals; the Australian economy and many around the world have naturally shifted their dependence on agriculture and slowly transitioned to manufacturing, following a similar journey to China's economic breakthrough.
607:
2011, Austrade has moved from regional to global management with oversight of its international network based in Sydney. Landis, a correspondent with offshore initiatives with regions such as Latin
America and South Asia describes how an extensive review found that Austrade was too ambitious in priorities and did not direct engage enough with growth markets. Brewer (2010) says that Austrade's focus on tackling large economies led to the program employing “aspirational” targets that were not tangible within an organisation in the long run and that they were simply publicising unrealistic prospects. This overlocking of significant resources pooled into already established markets such as Europe and the US did more harm than good because exporters did not require Australia's help as much as sunrise industries in emerging markets. Similar to Landis, Piper (2012) outlines the obvious potential for trade and investment between Australia and Latin America. Austrade's efforts to engage with regions such as that of Latin America has been eased by an increasing number of companies realising how successful business could be conducted regionally. Within the framework of globalisation, Austrade has found unique expertise in assisting partner markets by providing contacts, market intelligence for individual jurisdictions and networks on the ground.
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be characterised as leakages in the economy being filled at a timely manner. The 1960s saw the establishment of a global network of offices. It is important to note that the original focus placed upon regulating instability within the balance of payments has shifted over time to boundaries beyond
Austrade. The balance of payments is not to be confused with the fundamental objective of Austrade in stimulating the Australian economy through trade initiatives in the form of export programs. This sentiment was the main proponent that allowed for the expansion of the commission as a substitute for more flexible tariff and exchange rate policies. An overview of Austrade's broader vision has reveals concerns have arisen regarding what exactly role Austrade was supposedly created for. Charles Jameson, who was managing director at the time (1986) was mainly concerned that there was little to no background of the commission's history, especially when it came to preceding contemporary trade commissioners.
504:
Austrade pools its resources toward from mining to education. From a historical perspective, Downey (2005) details the process of nurturing
Australia's export shares globally and highlights the barriers preventing entry. Access to global markets is reliant on a multitude of chained issues including reputation, financial risk including market volatility, short-term contracts, loss of intellectual property and limited opportunity. Among Australian firms, foreign direct investment (FDI) has evolved into an increasingly popular solution to bypass these restrictions. Preceding Downey's view on export expansion theories, O’Byrne (2002) goes into further detail about the "Exporting for the Future" initiative whereby he lists key indicators of Australia's growth:
446:
resulted in the formation of a resources and energy sector led by former senator Peter Walsh and deputy prime minister Lionel Bowen. As the acting minister for trade, Bowen was tasked with his first economic portfolio and at the time he showed limited interest in growing the economy through trade policy. Instead, Bowen remained adamant that the political legitimacy of the department of trade was in fact in question. Jim Cairns who was the preceding minister echoed these same sentiments albeit to a much lesser extent. Bowen and many of his ministerial colleagues insisted that trade was only to fulfill the political and economic interests of the
National Party. Schedvin admits that this belief has reason in a theoretical sense.
487:) was appointed as the managing director of Austrade, most of the employees that were in the main civil servants had limited or no business understanding. His appointment marked a significant change in the commission's culture. However, there have been difficulties in managing Austrade in that its "effectiveness depends on the closeness of the working relationship between government – basically the trade minister – and the organisation's leadership" (Adams, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 419). Schedvin (2008) references the environment within which the Trade Commissioner Service operated changing fundamentally and permanently in the 1970s as a sign of the inevitable shift that Austrade similarly experienced.
450:
appointment was made before globalisation took the international stage and propelled nations to take part in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. An important observation is that
Menadue was an internationalist who showed a keen interest in Asian markets. Former ambassador to Japan in 1977, the time he spent there reinforced his calling for the Australian economy to open up. The timing of this although not coincidentally aligns with that of China (globally the largest Asian market) which implemented their renowned
932:, which also provided employment to two former senior Austrade managers in Europe and Russia. The agency denied Firepower had received special treatment. However, perceived legitimation of Firepower's activities by Austrade undoubtedly helped promote tens of millions of dollars in fraudulent share sales to the Australian public "without proper disclosure documents in breach of the Corporations Act". Possibly because of the close involvement of senior diplomats and politicians, including then prime minister
475:
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impact, Austrade is held to an extremely high standard for the prospective economic growth it has garnered through opportunities; especially for a small nation such as
Australia. Mascitelli (2015) writes that at the time of its establishment only 137 out of 1327 staff were Trade Commissioners, outlining the fact that it has become a blueprint for developing commissions under limited resources and personnel as well as being absent from a sprawling bureaucracy. Before Lindsay MacAlister (
442:
the production of
Emissaries of trade and it was eventually published under the auspices of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Schedvin, appointed lead researcher of the case study, states that Austrade has had a lengthy and complex history. His analysis begins from fundamental trade theory where it was common for state and colonial governments to appoint commercial agents and trade commissioners in hopes of resolving economic volatility.
124:
66:
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and farm produce when there should be a focus on transitioning these respective industries or at the very minimum restructuring them. The restructuring would provide potential jobs for
Australian's following the development and export of manufactured goods. This historical overview is closely related the transformation of China's economy to a heavy manufacturing based industry.
500:
unique and dynamic role in the
Australian context due to its position of being a government agency that works alongside businesses with the aim of developing their international competitiveness. Historically, this relationship is considered rare due to the changing government policy stances regarding how much export orientated activity it should undergo.
664:
criticism emerged from commercial interests which led to the experiment being discontinued as a result of the government's inapt legislation to provide a suitable legal framework. Approximately a decade onward, it was revived in an attempt to cure the 1930s depression which saw an unprecedented need for aggregate demand stimulation.
556:
at developing support for exporters by organising free trade agreements. Other initiatives include Australia International Education 2025 to bolster opportunities for international students to study abroad and the Tourism 2020 Implementation Plan which will help strengthen one of Australia's most important industries.
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medium-sized Australian businesses to enter into and develop export markets. Under this scheme, eligible businesses are reimbursed for part of the export marketing costs they incur. The scheme supports a wide range of industry sectors and products, including inbound tourism and the export of intellectual property.
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Following World War II, both Doug Anthony and John McEwen who were instrumental in Austrade's rapid growth saw an opportunity to target the issue of Australia's balance of payments as the forefront of broader objectives. Policy objectives were achieved whenever difficulties emerged and the result can
449:
Other changes in leadership of the department of trade revolved around the position of secretary which later became available after Jim Scully retired in late 1983. Of the candidates, John Menadue filled the position as a member with an extensive knowledge of private industry and public service. This
425:
Austrade was established in 1986 initially tasked with coordinating and facilitating the country's export promotion schemes (Fletcher, as cited in Chung and Mascitelli, 2017, p. 417). Since then, it lies at the forefront of both Australia's bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and is also
615:
Austrade provides online information on export financing and other government financial assistance programs. It also administers the Export Market Development Grant (EMDG) Scheme, the Australian Government's financial assistance program for aspiring and current exporters, which encourages small and
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Organising initiatives with other countries that share attuned roadmaps to growth has been necessary in expanding Austrade's global footprint. Landis (2012) explains Austrade's new streamlined structure following reforms due to the difficulty exporters faced accessing foreign markets. Introduced in
555:
Historically, Austrade has concentrated most of its initiatives in North America, Western Europe and Japan due to the maturity of their economies. This has allowed for the Australian economy to engage in international trade through programs such as the Export Market Development Grants scheme, aimed
441:
Former managing director of Austrade Charles Jamieson initiated Emissaries of trade: a history of the Australian trade commissioner service in 2001. The objective of this independent research report was to develop a single consolidated history of the evolution of Austrade. Austrade played a role in
499:
which has shifted many developing economies' primary industry (a notable example is China which transitioned from agriculture to manufacturing) has meant a focus on developing competitive industries is advised as a key growth model for any modern economy. Chung and Mascitelli highlight Austrade's
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Menadue was confident that Australia "had an urban business culture that was addicted to protection. It had its back to the outside world and looked internally to the Australian market". He insisted that there was too much of a focus on the development and promotion of export markets for minerals
445:
The election of the Hawke government in 1983 meant an inevitable change in Australia's approach toward trade. The first structural change of both the trade commissioner service and the department of trade was a resource shift from the trade portfolio to create a new department. This specialisation
579:
Austrade also assists international buyers to source goods and services from Australia or to identify strategic Australian business partners. Areas of development such as mining which has historically elevated Australia's economy continue to be a main policy objective for Austrade moving forward.
482:
Preceding Austrade's formation, economic prospects were under unprecedented scrutiny from high stagflation following the sharp recession from 1982 to 1983. Thus, it was founded with high expectations and backed by a dynamic and coordinated Trade Commissioner Service. In terms of its international
588:
Austrade's role includes the international marketing and promotion of Australian education and training. Austrade co-ordinates and promotes the brand programs "Future Unlimited" which advertises Australian education and training institutions, and "Australia Unlimited" which promotes awareness of
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Schedvin provides further historical insight in his Emissaries of trade piece on how legislation has changed over time whereby the Commonwealth government initially took over the responsibility from independent agencies in the 1920s before Austrade's official enactment in 1985. However, broader
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Austrade is responsible for the promotion, attraction and facilitation of productive foreign direct investment (FDI) into Australia, and is the first national point of contact for all investment enquiries. Services to international companies are free, comprehensive and confidential. Working in
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Austrade provides information and advice to assist Australian companies in exporting goods and services to markets including Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and Russia. For Australian exporters and education providers, Austrade has a comprehensive mix of information and customised
547:
Austrade provides advice to exporters on prospective markets and opportunities; on-the-ground support in target countries; trade exhibitions; and assistance in finding potential investors. No charge is made for general information which includes extensive online information, though fees may be
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The broader objective of Austrade is to enable service exporters to thrive in a volatile global economy. This often involves helping remove external barriers that prohibit international expansion and initiating long term trade agreements or exchange programs. There are many export sectors that
416:
In Australia, Austrade's services and programs are delivered through a national network of offices and TradeStart locations in metropolitan and regional areas, operating in partnership with Australian state and territory governments, industry associations and regional development bodies.
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was passed, which amended various acts to facilitate the agency's name change from "Australian Trade Commission" to "Australian Trade and Investment Commission", with the governing act title also changed accordingly to "Australian Trade and Investment Commission Act 1985".
956:. RBA subsidiaries were involved in bribing overseas officials so that Australia might win lucrative polymer note-printing contracts, and it has been alleged that Austrade officials knew of payments to a Vietnamese spy chief to secure contracts for printing banknotes.
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Australian skills and capabilities. It previously co-ordinated the "Building Brand Australia" program, a 4-year, A$ 20-million program to promote Australia's credentials as a "global citizen, global business partner and world class destination".
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Austrade provides information, support and grants to tourism businesses. Austrade's Tourism Research Australia provides free statistics, information and insights and can provide specific tourism research and analysis on a fee-for-service basis.
940:, in the scandal, Austrade did not initiate prosecutions against Tim Johnston and other Firepower principals, as it had previously done against relatively minor perceived offenders such as Western Australian town planner and inventor
412:
Through a global network of offices, Austrade aims to assist Australian companies to connect with buyers in offshore markets, attract foreign direct investment into Australia, and promote Australia's education sector internationally.
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With tourism being a growing and significant export, in 2013 Austrade was given the responsibility for Commonwealth Government tourism policy and programs and the Tourism Research Australia organisation was also transferred to it.
1973:
The Australian Trade Commission. 1996. Australian Trade Commission Annual Report. PDF, Canberra: Australian Government. —. 1996. "Australian Trade Commission Annual Report 1995-96 ." Parliament Information . Accessed 2023.
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1224:"Survival at the Intersection of Government and Business: The Unique Case of the Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade): Survival at the Intersection of Government and Business"
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In 2011, changes were made to programs and services "to create a more contemporary and sustainable Austrade and to deliver greater value for the business community and for the Government".
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https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/publications/tabledpapers/1704/upload_pdf/HPP042016001729.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22publications/tabledpapers/1704%22
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partnership with Australian state and territory governments, Austrade provides international investors with information needed to establish or expand a business in Australia.
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trade, investment and education promotion agency which was also given responsibility for tourism policy, programs and research from 2013. Austrade was established under the
2297:
2061:"New CEO for Austrade, media release, 30 November 2012, Australian Minister for Trade and Competitiveness, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister on Asian Century Policy"
2087:"Stephanie Fahey appointed Austrade Chief Executive Officer, Media release, 17 Jan 2017, Australian Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, the Hon Steven Ciobo MP"
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Eligible companies may apply for an Export Market Development Grant which provides funding for small to medium exporters for eligible promotional expenses.
636:. Austrade operates as a statutory authority within the portfolio of Foreign Affairs and Trade, its chief executive officer reporting directly to the
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Facilitating investment, particularly within industries of potential growth lies at the forefront of what Austrade is widely known for. An era of
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A range of newsletters, webinars and in person events and activities are available to businesses with many strongly promoted via social media.
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Between 2004 and 2006, Austrade reportedly granted special access privileges and funds totalling $ 394,009 to the fraudulent company
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Austrade.gov.au. “Mr Xavier Simonet Is the Chief Executive Officer O.” Australian Trade and Investment Commission, 2021.
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services to assist doing business within overseas markets and to understand foreign regulations and business practices.
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These indicators remain relevant to Australia's continued reliance on their huge export base in sectors such as mining.
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From its establishment until 30 June 2006, Austrade was governed by a board. As a result of a report by John Uhrig
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1775:"Review of the Corporate Governance of Statutory Authorities and Office Holders (the 'Uhrig Review')"
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944:, who was imprisoned in the late 1980s on charges of making inappropriate export-grant applications.
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It has been alleged that Austrade officials knew about alleged bribes paid by officials from the
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Under Austrade's corporate structure, its chief executive officer is accountable to the Federal
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Curses from Canberra : public service conspiracy and the failure of democratic safeguards
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published in June 2003, the board was replaced from 1 July 2006 by a chief executive officer.
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Global indicator of Australia's export performance and engagement in 2006 (number of exports)
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2003:
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1909:, Annual Nonprofit Leadership Address, 3 June 2010, Harvard Club of Australia, hcag.org.au
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Piper, Dominic (2012). "Austrade raises its profile to raise investment opportunities".
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404:. Mr Xavier Simonet was appointed chief executive officer of Austrade in November 2020.
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2050:, Minister for Trade press release TR44, 30 November 2012, www.trademinister.gov.au
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1830:, Austrade annual report 2005-06, Part 4: Accountability and governance, pp. 62–64.
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1961:, Minister for Trade press release MT137, 30 August 1995, www.trademinister.gov.au
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Emissaries of trade : a history of the Australian Trade Commissioner Service
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2013:, Minister for Trade press release TR44, 15 July 1996, www.trademinister.gov.au
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1425:. Canberra: Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth. 2019.
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Austrade's role in attracting investment in Australia, dated February 2019
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123:
1846:"Reform of the Australian Trade Commission: Maximising Our Value"
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1020:
Australian Trade and Investment Commission Annual Report 2013-14
992:(Report). Australian Public Service Commission. September 2016.
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Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade) office in
1987:
ABC News. “The World Today with Sally Sara - ABC Radio,” 2023.
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Downey, Lloyd (2005). "Marketing Services: How TPOs Can Help".
397:. Austrade is part of the Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio.
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315:
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O'Byrne, Peter (2002). "Australia: Doubling SME exporters".
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ASIC launches action in relation to fuel technology company
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Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013
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1926:(Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. 8 May 1995.
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in 1978 in hopes of attracting new investment ventures.
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jobs in rural and regional Australia relies on exports.
1660:"A rejoinder on Australia's export promotion programs"
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Landis, David (2012). "Austrade takes new approach".
1047:"Australian Trade and Investment Commission Act 1985"
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It is a non-corporate Commonwealth entity under the
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Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
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148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2242:McKenzie, Richard Baker, Nick (30 November 2011).
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2024:"Little-known executive gets top job at Austrade"
1222:Mascitelli, Bruno; Chung, Mona (September 2018).
628:, Austrade is a prescribed agency subject to the
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2180:Australian Securities and Investments Commission
2148:Firepower director to address creditors by phone
1989:https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/worldtoday
630:Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997
2113:https://www.austrade.gov.au/about/our-structure
1221:
1878:"Trade Legislation Amendment Act (No. 1) 2016"
1282:. Australian Trade Commission. Barton, A.C.T.
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2288:Commonwealth Government agencies of Australia
1534:Commission, Australian Trade and Investment.
954:Reserve Bank of Australia's Securency scandal
601:
2267:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
677:Chairmen of the Australian Trade Commission
657:Trade Legislation Amendment Act (No. 1) 2016
512:of Australia's gross domestic product (GDP).
1807:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
1584:"Grants and support for tourism businesses"
1381:
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1228:Australian Journal of Public Administration
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1152:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
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332:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
241:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
2244:"Austrade officials in scandal spotlight"
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226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1884:. Australian Government. 23 March 2016.
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548:required for specific tailored advice.
303:Xavier Simonet, Chief Executive Officer
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2193:Firepower chief had dinner with Howard
2126:"Austrade doles out to secretive firm"
2093:from the original on 23 September 2017
1783:Department of Finance and Deregulation
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1638:
1533:
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1101:Birmingham, Simon (30 November 2020).
795:Managing directors / CEOs of Austrade
530:of output from FDI stays in Australia.
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2004:Fischer welcomes Austrade appointment
1942:
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1390:: 12–13 – via ProQuest Central.
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485:who was a former GE Australia Manager
387:Australian Trade Commission Act 1985.
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1964:
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1888:from the original on 17 October 2017
1851:. AI Group. May 2011. Archived from
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1546:from the original on 28 January 2021
1515:from the original on 26 January 2021
1246:from the original on 7 December 2021
1109:from the original on 12 January 2021
626:Australian Trade Commission Act 1985
146:adding citations to reliable sources
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18:
1920:"Death of Robert Henry Johnston AO"
1818:, c. April 2010, www.finance.gov.au
1465:from the original on 25 August 2015
1371:: 7–8 – via ProQuest Central.
518:Australian jobs depends on exports.
393:, and a statutory agency under the
13:
1930:from the original on 28 April 2013
1344:from the original on 22 April 2015
1334:"Austrade 2013-2014 Annual Report"
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1026:from the original on 22 April 2015
990:APS Statistical Bulletin 2015-2016
584:For Australian education providers
16:Australian government organisation
14:
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2067:from the original on 29 June 2013
1484:Australian education and training
1103:"Appointment of new Austrade CEO"
638:Minister for Trade and Investment
620:Governing legislation and changes
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34:This article has multiple issues.
1755:Export Market Development Grants
1664:Australian Journal of Management
1620:from the original on 21 May 2013
1072:"Austrade Annual Report 2019-20"
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528:Ninety six cents of every dollar
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1276:Schedvin, Boris, 1936- (2008).
1181:Austrade's offices in Australia
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611:Financial support for exporters
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1736:Financing your export business
1401:Austrade Programs and Services
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2182:media statement, 21 July 2008
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1790:. June 2003. Archived from
1658:Brewer, Paul (April 2010).
1509:www.studyinaustralia.gov.au
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566:For international investors
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2314:
2293:Foreign trade of Australia
1725:: 24 – via Informit.
1647:: 34 – via Informit.
1536:"Australia's Nation Brand"
602:Initiatives with countries
508:Exports account for about
2248:The Sydney Morning Herald
2221:. Perth: PEER Institute.
1952:New Chairman for Austrade
1833:Austrade's Annual Reports
1788:Commonwealth of Australia
1384:International Trade Forum
1365:International Trade Forum
1156:Commonwealth of Australia
1128:Global network of offices
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2191:Ryle G. & Magnay J.
1741:27 February 2012 at the
1676:10.1177/0312896209354221
1205:17 February 2013 at the
1133:19 February 2013 at the
1016:"Austrade Annual Report"
575:For international buyers
543:For Australian companies
2198:5 November 2012 at the
2153:7 November 2012 at the
2131:7 November 2012 at the
1814:2 November 2012 at the
1570:2 February 2012 at the
1240:10.1111/1467-8500.12301
1148:"Annual Report 2011–12"
930:Firepower International
924:Firepower International
634:Public Service Act 1999
395:Public Service Act 1999
383:Australian Government's
2175:8 October 2013 at the
1338:Austrade Annual Report
1051:www.legislation.gov.au
655:On 23 March 2016, the
624:Established under the
593:For tourism businesses
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438:
2217:Ritter, Paul (1989).
2204:Sydney Morning Herald
2136:Sydney Morning Herald
2009:27 April 2013 at the
1957:27 April 2013 at the
1760:14 April 2011 at the
1489:14 March 2013 at the
1406:26 March 2012 at the
1186:10 April 2013 at the
739:Roger Allen (acting)
477:
432:
2046:29 June 2013 at the
2041:New CEO for Austrade
1835:at official website
1828:Changes to the Board
971:Tourism in Australia
936:and senior minister
142:improve this article
95:improve this article
1809:Austrade Case Study
1764:at official website
1745:at official website
1719:Australia's Paydirt
1641:Australia's Paydirt
1503:Technology, Elcom.
1493:at official website
1410:at official website
1209:at official website
1190:at official website
1137:at official website
421:Historical overview
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99:independent sources
1924:Minister for Trade
966:Australian economy
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240:
1858:on 16 August 2012
1797:on 21 April 2012.
1432:978-1-74366-960-0
1289:978-1-921244-58-2
914:
913:
835:Charles Jamieson
788:
787:
328:
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286:200 million
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86:largely based on
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2057:
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2030:. 14 March 2002.
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2014:
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1971:
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1949:
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1200:About TradeStart
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892:Stephanie Fahey
840:
822:
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674:
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648:
452:Open Door Policy
377:
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88:routine coverage
68:
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27:
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19:
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2200:Wayback Machine
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2155:Wayback Machine
2146:
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2138:10 January 2007
2133:Wayback Machine
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2011:Wayback Machine
2002:
1995:
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1565:Brand Australia
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2000:
1998:
1990:
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1977:
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1960:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1946:
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1455:"EMDG Grants"
1450:
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919:Controversies
910:
908:2021–Present
904:
900:
897:
891:
887:
884:
879:Bruce Gosper
878:
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497:globalisation
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296:
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282:
280:Annual budget
278:
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212:
209:
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198:February 2021
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159: –
158:
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153:Find sources:
147:
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131:This article
129:
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2097:19 September
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1932:. Retrieved
1923:
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1890:. Retrieved
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1792:the original
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1700:. Retrieved
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753:Alan Jackson
668:Agency heads
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140:Please help
135:verification
132:
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36:Please help
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1934:29 November
1862:25 November
942:Paul Ritter
934:John Howard
866:Peter Grey
803:MDs / CEOs
700:Bill Ferris
84:and may be
75:reads like
2282:Categories
2228:090964702X
1892:16 October
1702:1 November
1550:23 January
1519:23 January
1441:1197688946
1250:1 November
977:References
895:2017–2020
882:2013–2017
869:2010–2012
856:2002–2009
843:1996–2002
825:1991–1996
809:Reference
782:2001–2006
773:Ross Adler
762:1996–2001
742:1995–1996
729:1993–1995
709:1986–1993
691:Reference
381:), is the
168:newspapers
157:"Austrade"
39:improve it
1692:153865684
1684:0312-8962
1624:9 January
1598:9 January
1469:9 January
1348:9 January
1306:cite book
1298:271473834
1030:9 January
1000:3 January
948:Securency
685:Chairman
318:.austrade
297:executive
272:Employees
45:talk page
2263:cite web
2253:15 March
2196:Archived
2173:Archived
2158:ABC News
2151:Archived
2129:Archived
2091:Archived
2065:Archived
2044:Archived
2007:Archived
1955:Archived
1928:Archived
1886:Archived
1812:Archived
1758:Archived
1739:Archived
1696:Archived
1618:Archived
1592:Archived
1588:Austrade
1568:Archived
1544:Archived
1513:Archived
1487:Archived
1463:Archived
1459:Austrade
1404:Archived
1342:Archived
1340:. 2014.
1244:Archived
1203:Archived
1184:Archived
1160:Archived
1158:. 2012.
1131:Archived
1113:15 March
1107:Archived
1086:15 March
1080:Archived
1076:Austrade
1056:15 March
1024:Archived
994:Archived
960:See also
632:and the
538:Services
336:Austrade
249:overview
97:and add
2124:Ryle G
2028:The Age
1166:21 July
806:Period
688:Period
437:, China
311:Website
182:scholar
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1505:"Home"
1439:
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800:Order
682:Order
466:Vision
378:-trayd
288:(2012)
254:Formed
184:
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1795:(PDF)
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1688:S2CID
435:Wuhan
334:, or
189:JSTOR
175:books
2269:link
2255:2021
2223:ISBN
2099:2017
2073:2013
1936:2012
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1864:2012
1704:2020
1680:ISSN
1626:2022
1600:2022
1552:2021
1521:2021
1471:2022
1437:OCLC
1427:ISBN
1350:2022
1320:link
1316:link
1312:link
1294:OCLC
1284:ISBN
1252:2020
1168:2013
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1088:2021
1058:2021
1032:2022
1002:2017
330:The
320:.gov
257:1986
161:news
1672:doi
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510:20%
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