1738:. This type of auction is arguably the most common form of auction in use today. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid required to be higher than the previous bid. An auctioneer may announce prices, bidders may call out their bids themselves (or have a proxy call out a bid on their behalf), or bids may be submitted electronically with the highest current bid publicly displayed. In some cases a maximum bid might be left with the auctioneer, who may bid on behalf of the bidder according to the bidder's instructions. The auction ends when no participant is willing to bid further, at which point the highest bidder pays their bid. Alternatively, if the seller has set a minimum sale price in advance (the 'reserve' price) and the final bid does not reach that price the item will remain unsold. Sometimes the auctioneer sets a minimum amount, sometimes known as a bidding increment, by which the next bid must exceed the current highest bid. The most significant distinguishing factor of this auction type is that the current highest bid is always available to potential bidders, although at that time there may be higher absentee bids held by the auctioneer which are not known to potential bidders. The English auction is commonly used for selling goods, most prominently antiques and artwork, but also secondhand goods and
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1779:. In the traditional Dutch auction the auctioneer begins with a high asking price for some quantity of like items; the price is lowered until a participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price for some quantity of the goods in the lot or until the seller's reserve price is met. If the first bidder does not purchase the entire lot, the auctioneer continues lowering the price until all of the items have been bid for or the reserve price is reached. Items are allocated based on bid order; the highest bidder selects their item(s) first followed by the second highest bidder, etc. In a modification, all of the winning participants pay only the last announced price for the items that they bid on. The Dutch auction is named for its best known example, the
1984:, a variation of all-pay auction, also known as a penny auction, often requires that each participant must pay a fixed price to place each bid, typically one penny (hence the name) higher than the current bid. When an auction's time period expires, the highest bidder wins the item and must pay a final bid price. Unlike in a conventional auction, the final price is typically much lower than the value of the item, but all bidders (not just the winner) will have paid for each bid placed; the winner will buy the item at a very low price (plus price of rights-to-bid used), all the losers will have paid, and the seller will typically receive significantly more than the value of the item. A
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2596:, potentially skewing the market and diminishing its efficiency. Firstly, online auctions might enable bidders to obscure their identities, such as utilizing pseudonyms or multiple accounts to maintain anonymity. This concealment could simplify collusion without detection. Secondly, online auctions might ease the implementation of collusive arrangements among bidders. The accessibility of bidding data in online auctions, for instance, allows colluding bidders to monitor each other's bids, guarantee adherence to their agreements, and penalize non-compliance. This enhanced oversight capacity strengthens the stability of collusive agreements.
2892:(series 4, episode 3), in which the price of a watercolour by the (fictional) Jessie Webb is inflated so that others by the same artist could be sold for more than their purchase price. In an English auction, a dummy bid is a bid made by a dummy bidder acting in collusion with the auctioneer or vendor, designed to deceive genuine bidders into paying more. In a first-price auction, a dummy bid is an unfavourable bid designed so as not to become the winning bid. (The bidder does not want to win this auction, but they want to make sure to be invited to the next auction).
1170:
1819:, or a sealed-bid first-price auction/blind auction, is a type of auction where all bidders simultaneously submit sealed bids so that no bidder knows the bid of any other participant. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted. This type of auction is distinct from the English auction, in that bidders can only submit one bid each. Furthermore, as bidders cannot see the bids of other participants they cannot adjust their own bids accordingly. From the theoretical perspective, this kind of bid process has been argued to be strategically equivalent to the
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that is low enough to be immediately accepted by one of the bidders. Once there is an opening bid, there will quickly be several other, higher bids submitted. Experienced auctioneers will often select an SOB that is about 45 percent of the (lowest) estimate. Thus there is a certain margin of safety to ensure that there will indeed be a lively auction with many bids submitted. Several observations indicate that the lower the SOB, the higher the final winning bid. This is due to the increase in the number of bidders attracted by the low SOB.
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1893:. In combinatorial auctions, determining the winning bidder(s) can be a complex process where even the bidder with the highest individual bid is not guaranteed to win. For example, in an auction with four items (W, X, Y and Z), if Bidder A offers $ 50 for items W & Y, Bidder B offers $ 30 for items W & X, Bidder C offers $ 5 for items X & Z and Bidder D offers $ 30 for items Y & Z, the winners will be Bidders B & D while Bidder A misses out because the
2826:. By agreeing to bid only against outsiders, never against members of the "ring", competition becomes weaker, which may dramatically affect the final price level. After the end of the official auction, an unofficial auction may take place among the "ring" members. The difference in price between the two auctions could then be split among the members. This form of a ring was used as a central plot device in the opening episode of the 1979 British television series
1947:, where the item for sale may not be sold if the final bid is not high enough to satisfy the seller. In practice, an auction advertised as "absolute" or "no-reserve" may nonetheless still not sell to the highest bidder on the day, for example, if the seller withdraws the item from the auction or extends the auction period indefinitely, although these practices may be restricted by law in some jurisdictions or under the terms of sale available from the auctioneer.
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sale price, acquisition cost, salvage value and lost sales. They established monotonicity properties for the value function and the optimal dynamic bid policy. They also provided a model for the case in which the buyer must acquire a fixed number of items either at a fixed buy-it-now price in the open market or by participating in a sequence of auctions. The objective of the buyer is to minimize their expected total cost for acquiring the fixed number of items.
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the auction room that is difficult for the audience to pin down. The practice is frowned upon in the industry. In the United States, chandelier bidding is not illegal. In fact, an auctioneer may bid up the price of an item to the reserve price, which is a threshold below which the consignor may refuse to sell the item. However, the auction house is required to disclose this information.
2066:. In a temporary-buyout auction the option to buy out the auction is not available after the first bid is placed. In a permanent-buyout auction the buyout option remains available throughout the entire auction until the close of bidding. The buyout price can either remain the same throughout the entire auction, or vary throughout according to rules or simply as decided by the seller.
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are still plugged in, and the great advantage of these auctions taking place on the premises is that they have the opportunity to view the goods as they were being used, and may be able to try them out. Bidders can also avoid the possibility of goods being damaged whilst they are being removed as they can do it or at least supervise the activity.
1967:. In the latter case, the decision to accept a bid is deferred to the auctioneer, who may accept a bid that is marginally below it. A reserve auction is safer for the seller than a no-reserve auction as they are not required to accept a low bid, but this could result in a lower final price if less interest is generated in the sale.
3131:β a minimum amount by which a new bid must exceed the previous bid. An auctioneer may decrease the increment when it appears that bidding on an item may stop, so as to get a higher hammer price. Alternatively, a participant may offer a bid at a smaller increment, which the auctioneer has the discretion to accept or reject.
2344:. The rapidly rising housing market saw many homes, especially in Victoria and New South Wales, selling for significantly more than both the vendors' reserve price and the advertised price range. Subsequently, the auction systems' lack of transparency about the value of the property was brought into question, with
2678:β Used by nonprofits, higher education, and religious institutions as a method to raise funds for a specific mission or cause both through the act of bidding itself, and by encouraging participants to support the cause and make personal donations. Often, these auctions are linked with another charity event like a
1074:, in Babylon, auctions of women for marriage were held annually. The auctions began with the woman the auctioneer considered to be the most beautiful and progressed to the least beautiful. It was considered illegal to allow a daughter to be sold outside of the auction method. Attractive maidens were offered in a
1908:(CCA), which combines a clock auction, during which bidders may provide their confirmations in response to the rising prices, with a subsequantial sealed bid auction, in which bidders submit sealed package bids. The auctioneer uses the final bids to compute the best value allocation and the Vickrey payments.
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will severely hurt the reputation of an auction house that knowingly permits any other bids except genuine bids. If the reserve is not reached this should be clearly declared. In South Africa, auctioneers can use their staff or any bidder to raise the price as long as it is disclosed before the auction sale.
1628:. A buyer pays to acquire a certain good or service, while a seller offers goods or services for money or barter exchange. There can be single or multiple buyers and single or multiple sellers in an auction. If just one seller and one buyer are participating, the process is not considered to be an auction.
1097:, after a military victory, Roman soldiers would often drive a spear into the ground around which the spoils of war were left, to be auctioned off. Slaves, often captured as the "spoils of war", were auctioned in the Forum under the sign of the spear, with the proceeds of sale going toward the war effort.
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Estimate - auction houses typically give an estimate (or guide price), often a range, for lots. This is a rather conservative indication of the price they expect the lot to reach at auction, decided by the auction house, perhaps after consulting outside experts. If an auction is going well, most lots
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Absentee bids β this is when a prospective buyer places a bid on an item without attending the sale. This is sometimes referred to instead as a commission bid because the auctioneer is effectively commissioned to enter bids on the potential buyer's behalf. The bid is submitted prior to the auction by
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A ring can also be used to increase the price of an auction lot, in which the owner of the object being auctioned may increase competition by taking part in the bidding themself, but drop out of the bidding just before the final bid. This form of a ring was used as a central plot device in an episode
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Private treaty sales β Occasionally, when looking at an auction catalog some of the items have been withdrawn. Usually, these goods have been sold by 'private treaty'. This means that the goods have already been sold off, usually to a trader or dealer on a private, behind-the-scenes basis before they
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were printed to announce available items. In some cases, these catalogs were elaborate works of art themselves, containing considerable detail about the items being auctioned. At the time, Christie's established a reputation as a leading auction house, taking advantage of London's status as the major
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This is the practice, especially by high-end art auctioneers, of raising false bids at crucial times in the bidding in order to create the appearance of greater demand or to extend bidding momentum for a work on offer. To call out these nonexistent bids auctioneers might fix their gaze at a point in
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that relies on the advantages of a digital platform's ability to overcome geographical constraints, provide real-time information and reduce transaction costs, bringing greater convenience to people and allowing more people to participate as bidders, as well as being able to view a greater selection
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The range of auctions' contexts is extremely wide and one can buy almost anything, from a house to an endowment policy and everything in between. Some of the recent developments have been the use of the
Internet both as a means of disseminating information about various auctions and as a vehicle for
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In contrast, if the seller does not announce the reserve price before the sale, it is a secret reserve price auction. However, potential bidders may be able to deduce an approximate reserve price, if one exists at all, from any estimate given in advance by the auction house. The reserve price may be
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bid minimal amounts on multiple auctions and expect them to be cancelled. If an auction is cancelled by the seller, they will claim for damages in the amount of the difference between the maximum bid at the time of the auction cancellation and the price of a replacement purchase of the offered item
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and
Puranam provided the first model for the problem of optimal bidding for a firm that in each period procures items to meet a random demand by participating in a finite sequence of auctions. In this model an item valuation derives from the sale of the acquired items via their demand distribution,
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events, with many items auctioned simultaneously and "closed" at a common finish time. The auction is "silent" in that there is no auctioneer selling individual items; the bidders write their bids on a bidding sheet often left on a table near the item. At charity auctions, bid sheets usually have a
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the right to accept or reject the highest bid. In these cases, a set 'reserve' price known to the auctioneer, but not necessarily to the bidders, may have been set, below which the item may not be sold. If the seller announces to the bidders the reserve price, it is a public reserve price auction.
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is a variation of the Dutch auction with a low initial price that increases over time. As the price rises, participants must either signal intent to continue bidding or drop out of the auction, and no participant may enter or re-enter the auction once it has begun. Once only one participant remains
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There will usually be an estimate of what price the lot will fetch. In an ascending open auction, it is considered important to get at least a 50-percent increase in the bids from start to finish. To accomplish this, the auctioneer must start the auction by announcing a suggested opening bid (SOB)
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is permitted if clearly declared as such by the auctioneer. These are all official legal terms in
Australia but may have other meanings elsewhere. A co-owner is one of two or several owners (who disagree among themselves). In Sweden and many other countries, there are no legal restrictions, but it
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Insurance policies β Auctions are held for second-hand endowment policies. The attraction is that someone else has already paid substantially to set up the policy in the first place, and one will be able (with the help of a financial calculator) to calculate its real worth and decide whether it is
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On-site auctions β Sometimes when the stock or assets of a company are simply too vast or too bulky for an auction house to transport to their own premises and store, they will hold an auction within the confines of the bankrupt company itself. Bidders could find themselves bidding for items which
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use combinatorial auction techniques to continuously sell commodities (coal, iron ore, grain, water, etc.) online to a pre-qualified group of buyers (based on price and non-price factors). Furthermore, online auctions facilitate the process for prospective bidders to discover and evaluate items by
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is a type of premium auction which begins as an
English auction. Once only two bidders remain, each submits a sealed bid. The higher bidder wins, paying either the first or second price. Both finalists receive a premium: a proportion of the excess of the second price over the third price (at which
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being the most typical example. For example, if someone owns a rare item, they can display the item through an online auction platform. Interested parties may place bids, with the highest bidder winning the opportunity to purchase the item. Online auctions allow more people to participate and also
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Consignee and consignor β as pertaining to auctions, the consignor (also called the seller, and in some contexts the vendor) is the person owning the item to be auctioned or the owner's representative, while the consignee is the auction house. The consignor maintains title until such time that an
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Another approach to choosing a SOB: The auctioneer may achieve good success by asking the expected final sales price for the item, as this method suggests to the potential buyers the item's particular value. For instance, an auctioneer is about to sell a $ 1,000 car at a sale. Instead of asking $
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is an auction with an additional set price (the 'buyout' price) that any bidder can accept at any time during the auction, thereby immediately ending the auction and winning the item. This means that if an item offers its buyout price at the beginning, one participant can stop all other potential
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is a single-attribute multiunit auction running like a Dutch auction, where the bids are the portions of a total amount of identical units. The amount of auctioned items is firm in a Yankee auction unlike a
Brazilian auction. The portions of the total amount, bidders can bid, are limited to lower
1988:
is a variation on the all-pay auction, and has a defined loser in addition to the winner. The top two bidders must pay their full final bid amounts, and only the highest wins the auction. The intent is to make the high bidders bid above their upper limits. In the final rounds of bidding, when the
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is a double auction in which the auctioneer takes bids from both buyers and sellers in a market of multiple goods. The auctioneer progressively either raises or drops the current proposed price depending on the bids of both buyers and sellers, the auction concluding when supply and demand exactly
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is an ascending-price auction because forward Dutch auctions are descending. By revealing the competing bids in real-time to every participating supplier, reverse auctions promote "information transparency". This, coupled with the dynamic bidding process, improves the chances of reaching the fair
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give buyers a chance to find the lowest-price supplier. During a reverse auction, suppliers may submit multiple offers, usually as a response to competing suppliers' offers, bidding down the price of a good or service to the lowest price they are willing to receive. A reverse price auction is not
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The forward auction is the most common type of auction β a seller offers item(s) for sale and expects the highest price. A reverse auction is a type of auction in which the roles of the buyer and the seller are reversed, with the primary objective to drive purchase prices downward. While ordinary
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is simply an auction held on behalf of a government body generally at a general sale. Items for sale are often surplus needed to be liquidated. Auctions ordered by estate executors enter the assets of individuals who have perhaps died intestate (those who have died without leaving a will), or in
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began to be used for the sale of goods and leaseholds. In a candle auction, the end of the auction was signaled by the expiration of a candle flame, which was intended to ensure that no one could know exactly when the auction would end and make a last-second bid. Sometimes, other unpredictable
1979:
is an auction in which all bidders must pay their bids regardless of whether they win. The highest bidder wins the item. All-pay auctions are primarily of academic interest, and may be used to model lobbying or bribery (bids are political contributions) or competitions such as a running race.
1837:, also known as a sealed-bid second-price auction. This is identical to the sealed first-price auction except that the winning bidder pays the second-highest bid rather than their own. Vickrey auctions are extremely important in auction theory, and commonly used in automated contexts such as
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In the UK, historically, auction houses were perceived to sell properties which may have been repossessed - where a home owner fails to make regular mortgage payments - or were probate sales i.e. a family home being sold by the heirs. However, more recently, selling at auction has become an
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During an auction, the seller might possess more comprehensive knowledge regarding the item on offer compared to the buyer, creating an information asymmetry. This lack of information could lead the bidder to overvalue the item and consequently pay a higher price, resulting in the
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In China, land auctions are under the sole control of local government officials. Because some developers may use bribes to please government officials to obtain the right to purchase the land, the central government requires that future land auctions be conducted using a
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and their vendor clients being accused of "under-quoting". Significant attention was given to the matter by the
Australian media, with the government in Victoria eventually bowing to pressure and implementing changes to legislation in an effort to increase transparency.
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Auctioneers may or may not (depending on the laws of the jurisdiction and the policies of the auction house) bid for their own account, or if they do, must disclose this to bidders at the auction; similar rules may apply for employees of the auctioneer or the auction
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can be desirable because it potentially attracts a greater number of bidders due to the possibility of a bargain. If more bidders attend the auction, a higher price might ultimately be achieved because of heightened competition from bidders. This contrasts with a
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participants from bidding at all, or stop the bidding process before the bid price has reached the buyout price. If no bidder chooses to utilize the buyout option before the end of bidding, the highest bidder wins and pays their bid. Buyout options can be either
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is any auction for the simultaneous sale of more than one item where bidders can place bids on an "all-or-nothing" basis on "packages" rather than just individual items. That is, a bidder can specify that they will pay for items A and B, but only if they get
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provide a potential market of millions of bidders to sellers. Established auction houses, as well as specialist internet auctions, sell many things online, from antiques and collectibles to holidays, air travel, brand new computers, and household equipment.
2986:β the company operating the auction (i.e., establishing the date and time of the auction, the auction rules, determining which items are to be included in the auction, registering bidders, taking payments, and delivering the goods to the winning bidders).
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sold surplus ships "by an inch of candle". Pepys also relates a hint from a highly successful bidder who had observed that, just before expiring, a candle-wick always flares up slightly: on seeing this, he would shout his final β and winning β bid.
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is the practice of placing a bid at the last moment of the auction. According to the analysis of auction data from eBay, in general, experienced bidders are more likely to snipe in auctions, and those who snipe in auctions are more likely to win.
2782:. In either case, the allocation of resources may be inefficient, as the product will not ultimately be acquired by the individual who values it the most. Instead, it will go to the person who either overvalues it the most or effectively employs
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Protecting a market β when a dealer places a bid on behalf of an artist they represent or otherwise have a financial interest in ensuring a high price. Artists represented by major galleries typically expect this kind of protection from their
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fixed starting amount, predetermined bid increments, and a "guaranteed bid" amount which works the same as a "buy now" amount. Other variations of this type of auction may include sealed bids. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted.
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in the auction, when the market is in equilibrium, even if the seller has not sold any of the items, the shadow of bidding still exists. This is the self-protection instinct of the auction market. In order to make this transaction fairer.
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If the proxy is outbid on an item during the auction, the proxy (depending on the instructions of the bidder) may either increase the bid (up to a set amount established by the bidder) or be required to drop out of the bidding for that
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2553:, large-scale generators and distributors of electricity bid on generating contracts. Produce auctions link growers to localized wholesale buyers (buyers who are interested in acquiring large quantities of locally grown produce).
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current losing party has hit their maximum bid, they are encouraged to bid over their maximum (seen as a small loss) to avoid losing their maximum bid with no return (a very large loss). Another variation of all-pay auction, the
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Opening bid β the first bid placed on a particular lot. The opening bid must be at least the minimum bid, but may be higher (e.g., a bidder may shout out a considerably larger bid than minimum, to discourage other bidders from
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The open ascending price auction is arguably the most common form of auction and has been used throughout history. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid being higher than the previous bid. An
2837:, this auction practice is illegal. It jeopardizes competition on the auction and can demotivate other bidders from participating. It robs the seller of the true value of their good and reduces the auctioneer's commission.
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paid by the buyer to the auction house; it is typically calculated as a percentage of the winning bid and added to it. Depending on the jurisdiction, the buyer's premium, in addition to the sales price, may be subject to
1823:. However, empirical evidence from laboratory experiments has shown that Dutch auctions with high clock speeds yield lower prices than FPSB auctions. What are effectively sealed first-price auctions are commonly called
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Mystery auction β An auction where bidders bid for boxes or envelopes containing unspecified or underspecified items, usually on the hope that the items will be humorous, interesting, or valuable. In the early days of
1787:, Dutch auctions have also been used for perishable commodities such as fish and tobacco. The Dutch auction is not widely used, except in market orders in stock or currency exchanges, which are functionally identical.
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Relisting β re-selling an item that has already been sold at auction, but where the buyer did not take possession of the item (for example, in a real estate auction, the buyer did not provide payment by the closing
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is placing a bid which is below the bidder's actual value for the item. Such a strategy risks losing the auction but has the possibility of winning at a low price. Bid shading can also be a strategy to avoid the
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will achieve a price near the top of the estimate, or some 20 or 30% over it. But some lots may fetch double or more the estimate, for various reasons; others much less than the lower end of the estimate.
3690:
A Handy Book Of
Curious Information Comprising Strange Happenings in the Life of Men and Animals, Odd Statistics, Extraordinary Phenomena and Out of the Way Facts Concerning the Wonderlands of the Earth
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Example: An auction has five bath fragrance gift baskets where bidding is "lot", and the hammer price is $ 5. The winner must pay $ 5 (as the price is for the whole lot) and must take all five baskets.
1433:
reported that the gross revenue of the auction industry for that year was approximately $ 268.4 billion, with the fastest growing sectors being agricultural, machinery, equipment, and residential
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sold household furniture to pay off debts, the sales lasting for months. One of the most significant historical auctions was in 193 AD, when the entire Roman Empire was put on the auction block by the
7872:
Hammami, Farouk; Rekik, Monia; Coelho, Leandro C. (2019). "Exact and heuristic solution approaches for the bid construction problem in transportation procurement auctions with a heterogeneous fleet".
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Hammami, Farouk; Rekik, Monia; Coelho, Leandro C. (2019). "Exact and heuristic solution approaches for the bid construction problem in transportation procurement auctions with a heterogeneous fleet".
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Auctioneers are frequently regulated by governmental entities, and in those jurisdictions must meet certain criteria to be licensed (be of a certain age, have no disqualifying criminal record, attend
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100, hoping to entice wide interest, the auctioneer may suggest an opening bid of $ 1,000; although the first bidder may begin bidding at a mere $ 100, the final bid may more likely approach $ 1,000.
1783:. ("Dutch auction" is also sometimes used to describe online auctions where several identical goods are sold simultaneously to an equal number of high bidders). In addition to cut flower sales in the
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951:, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder or buying the item from the lowest bidder. Some exceptions to this definition exist and are described in the section about different
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is a variant of the
English auction in which bids are written on a sheet of paper. At the predetermined end of the auction, the highest listed bidder wins the item. This auction is often used in
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No reserve auction (a/k/a "absolute auction") β an auction in which there is no minimum acceptable price; so long as the winning bid is at least the minimum bid, the seller must honor the sale.
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Thumb
Auction - Olden Auction type where bid were hidden and the bidders used to tell auctioneer their bibs by placing their fingers unger a cloth and touch the fingers with an dedicated amount.
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Dummy bid (a/k/a "ghost bid") β a false bid, made by someone in collusion with the seller or auctioneer, designed to create a sense of increased interest in the item (and, thus, increased bids).
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is primarily used for charity events. Losing bidders must pay the difference between their bid and the next lowest bid. The winning bidder pays the amount bid for the item, without top-up. In a
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Whenever bidders at an auction are aware of the identity of the other bidders there is a risk that they will form a "ring" or "pool" and thus manipulate the auction result, a practice known as
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The purpose of this deposit is to deter non-serious bidders from attending the auction; by requiring the deposit, only bidders with a genuine interest in the items being sold will participate.
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balance. As a high price tends to dampen demand while a low price tends to increase demand, in theory there is a particular price somewhere in the middle where supply and demand will match. A
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Pla, Albert; LΓ³pez, Beatriz; Murillo, Javier; Maudet, Nicolas (August 2014). "Multi-attribute auctions with different types of attributes: Enacting properties in multi-attribute auctions".
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bidding information by embedding it into digits of the bids. Actions within the auction mechanism serve as a communication channel for collusive behavior, once no other channels are legal.
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Holidays β A variety of holidays are available for sale online particularly via eBay. Vacation rentals appear to be the most common. Many holiday auction websites have launched but failed.
1198:, were used instead of the expiration of a candle. This type of auction was first mentioned in 1641 in the records of the House of Lords. The practice rapidly became popular, and in 1660
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Earnest money deposit (a/k/a "caution money deposit" or "registration deposit") β a payment that must be made by prospective bidders ahead of time in order to participate in an auction.
3064:β a fee paid by a consignor/seller to the auction house; it is typically calculated as a percentage of the winning bid and deducted from the gross proceeds due to the consignor/seller.
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is an auction where all bidding should be completed within a certain time interval, which allows bidders an appropriate amount of time for consideration and avoids precipitate actions.
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1444:(typical revenue is estimated in billions of euros) and quota auctions. In 2019, Russia's crab quota was auctioned for β¬2 billion. Between 1999 and 2002, the British government
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auctions, sheep, cattle, pigs and other livestock are sold. Sometimes very large numbers of stock are auctioned, such as the regular sales of 50,000 or more sheep during a day in
2423:, to investors. The auction is usually sealed and the uniform price paid by the investors is typically the best non-winning bid. In most cases, investors can also place so-called
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Lot β either a single item being sold, or a group of items (which may or may not be similar or identical, such as a "job lot" of manufactured goods) that are bid on as one unit.
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is an auction where every participant has a demand and an offer consisting of multiple attributes and no money is involved. For the mathematical modelling of satisfaction level,
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From the end of the Roman Empire to the 18th century, auctions lost favor in Europe, while they had never been widespread in Asia. In China, the personal belongings of deceased
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offer slots for multiple bidders instead of making a single deal. The bidders get the slots according to the ranking of their bids. The second-price ruling is derived from the
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in order to prevent the spread of corruption. Although this method cannot completely solve the problem of corruption, it is still a significant contribution to the auction.
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2994:β the person conducting the actual auction. They announce the rules of the auction and the items being auctioned, call and acknowledge bids made, and announce the winner.
2852:(FCC) experimented with precautions restricting visibility of bids, limiting the number of bids, click-box bidding, and anonymous bidding in order to prevent bidders from
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Soft close β When a bidder places a bid in the last set amount of minutes and the auction is automatically extended for a set period of time. Soft closes prevent sniping.
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Hammer price β the nominal price at which a lot is sold; the buyer, and often the seller, may have to pay additional fees, "premiums", and taxes on top of this amount.
6149:
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business offers serious collectors an opportunity to gain access to rare bottles and mature vintages, which are not typically available through retail channels. In
8410:
3084:β electronic bidding, whereby a person may make a bid without being physically present at an auction (or where the entire auction is taking place on the Internet).
3197:(where the proxy represents either a private bidder who does not want to be disclosed to the public, or a museum bidding on a particular item for its collection).
8637:
3219:
The reserve price differs from a minimum bid (see definition), in that the seller sets the reserve price (if desired), while the auctioneer sets the minimum bid.
3165:
The minimum bid differs from a reserve price (see definition), in that the auctioneer sets the minimum bid, while the seller sets the reserve price (if desired).
3108:β an arrangement in which the winning bidder pays the amount of their bid to a third party, who in turn releases the funds to the seller under agreed-upon terms.
1714:
Auctions can be categorized into three types of procedures for auctions depending on the occurrence of a price development during an auction run and its causes.
517:
6099:
2609:β Here one can buy anything from an accident-damaged car to a brand new top-of-the-range model; from a run-of-the-mill family saloon to a rare collector's item.
919:
8647:
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have had a chance to be offered at the auction sale. These goods are rarely in single lots β photocopiers or fax machines would generally be sold in bulk lots.
2037:
are sealed-bid auctions with multiple bids, where the bidders submit their prices like in
English auction and get responses about the leadership of their bid.
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1256:
in 1766 in London and published its first auction catalog that year, although newspaper advertisements of Christie's sales dating from 1759 have been found.
904:
7848:
4428:
Preist, Chris; Bartolini, Claudio; Byde, Andrew (2003). "Agent-based service composition through simultaneous negotiation in forward and reverse auctions".
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Auction fever β an emotional state elicited in the course of one or more auctions that causes a bidder to deviate from an initially chosen bidding strategy.
8787:
8597:
8511:
7534:
Adam, M.T.P.; KrΓ€mer, J.; MΓΌller, M. (2015). "Auction fever! How time pressure and social competition affect bidders arousal and bids in retail auctions".
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2549:
auctions, companies purchase licenses to log on government land. In timber allocation auctions, companies purchase timber directly from the government. In
2337:
the price, whereas in an auction purchasers do not know what the vendor wants, and thus need to keep lifting the price until the reserve price is reached.
5373:
2045:
shows traffic lights to bidders as a response to their bids. These traffic lights depend on the position of the last bid in the distribution of all bids.
8752:
8732:
8682:
2447:'s tenant fails to pay rent, the contents of their locker(s) may be sold at a public auction. Several television shows focus on such auctions, including
2321:
to sell property that, due to their unique characteristics, were difficult to determine a price for. The law does not require a vendor to disclose their
2333:. This was largely due to the fact that in a private sale the vendor has disclosed the price that they want, and potential purchasers would attempt to
1482:
Auctions come in a variety of types and categories, which are sometimes not mutually exclusive. Typification of auctions is considered to be a part of
6722:
2701:
Environmental auctions, in which companies bid for licenses to avoid being required to decrease their environmental impact. These include auctions in
2025:
numbers than the total amount. Therefore, only a portion of the total amount will be traded for the best price and the rest to the suboptimal prices.
1351:
was invented to negotiate extensive conditions of construction and electricity contracts via auction. Also during this time, OnSale.com developed the
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8199:
8014:
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Ma, Mingfan; Gao, Jun; Lu, Ning; Shi, Wenbo (2016). "A Privacy-Preserving Online Reverse Multi-attributes Auction Scheme Based on Degree-Matching".
2033:
In an English auction, all current bids are visible to all bidders and in a sealed-bid auction, bidders only get to know if their bid was the best.
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on 11 March 1744, when Samuel Baker presided over the disposal of "several hundred scarce and valuable" books from the library of an acquaintance.
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Ganguly, D.; Chakraborty, Samit (2008). "E Commerce - Forward and Reverse Auction - A Managerial Tool to Succeed over Business Competitiveness".
4303:
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Proxy bid (also called an absentee bid) β a bid placed by an authorized representative of a bidder who is not physically present at the auction.
3000:
The auctioneer may operate their own auction house (and thus perform the duties of both auctioneer and auction house), or work for another house.
2246:
is a Swedish and Finnish historical practice of selling children into slavery-like conditions by authorities using a descending English auction.
4107:
1938:, is an auction in which the item for sale will be sold regardless of price. From the seller's perspective, advertising an auction as having no
9017:
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Reserve (price) β a minimum acceptable price established by the seller prior to the auction, which may or may not be disclosed to the bidders.
2997:
The auctioneer can sometimes just be the owner of the business, in which case they may hire a bid caller/s to announce the rules and call bids.
6055:
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8692:
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7608:"Approximation algorithms for the bid construction problem in combinatorial auctions for the procurement of freight transportation contracts"
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are generally held at general auctions, although some forces use online sites including eBay, to dispose of lost and found and seized goods.
2085:
The final price for the selected winner is not always conducted according to their final bid. In the case of the second-price ruling as in a
6124:
2325:
prior to the auction. During the 1990s and 2000s, auctions became the primary method for the sale of real estate in the two largest cities,
1869:
sell more than one identical item at a time, rather than having separate auctions for each. This type can be further classified as either a
8687:
7497:
Adam, M.T.P.; KrΓ€mer, J.; JΓ€hnig, C.; Seifert, S.; Weinhardt, C. (2011). "Understanding auction fever: A framework for emotional bidding".
2895:
In Britain and many other countries, rings and other forms of bidding on one's own object are illegal. In Australia, a dummy bid or also a
3799:
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Specialist β on-staff trained professionals, often specialising in specific objects (for example, porcelain) who put together the auction.
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2008 Ninth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing
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If the winning bid is below the reserve price, the seller has the right to reject the bid and withdraw the item or items being auctioned.
2005:
In usual auctions like the English one, bids are prices. In Dutch and Japanese auctions, the bids are confirmations. In a version of the
7820:
3026:
combinatorial problem addressed and solved by the bidder to determine the bid packages to bid on and their corresponding bidding prices.
2009:, bids are numbers of units being traded. Structure elements of a bid are called attributes. If a bid is one number like price, it is a
1748:. A type of auction, used in England for selling ships, in which the highest bid laid on the table wins after a burning candle goes out.
9058:
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for the introduction of new auction types (or formats). Auction types share features, which can be summarized into the following list.
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1954:
is an auction where the item for sale may not be sold if the final bid is not high enough to satisfy the seller; that is, the seller
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Schoenherr, Tobias; Mabert, Vincent A. (SeptemberβOctober 2007), "Online reverse auctions: Common myths versus evolving reality",
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this practice is legal on property auctions up to but not including the reserve price, and is also known as off-the-wall bidding.
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The winning bidder has their earnest money applied toward the final selling price; the non-winners have theirs refunded to them.
8677:
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2654:'s popularity, sellers began promoting boxes or packages of random and usually low-value items not worth selling by themselves.
816:
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6852:
Katehakis, Michael; Puranam, Kartikeya S. (October 2012), "On bidding for a fixed number of items in a sequence of auctions",
6777:
3048:
Buyout price β a price that, if accepted by a bidder, immediately ends the auction and awards the item to them (an example is
9022:
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Elyakime, B.; Laffont, J.J.; Loisel, P.; Vuong, Q. (1994). "First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions with Secret Reservation Prices".
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If the lot is for a group of items, the price paid is for the entire lot and the winning bidder must take all the items sold.
272:
7348:
7304:
5435:
EichstΓ€dt, Tilman (2008). "Applying Auction Theory to Procurement Auctions β an Empirical Study Among German Corporations".
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Zeithammer, Robert (2007). "Research NoteβStrategic Bid-Shading and Sequential Auctioning with Learning from Past Prices".
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shows many low bids but few high bids. Bids "show up together"; without several low bids there will not be any high bids.
7365:
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3162:
If no one bids at the initial minimum bid, the auctioneer may lower the minimum bid so as to create interest in the item.
2971:β a raised platform on which the auctioneer shows the items to be auctioned; it can also be slang for the auction itself.
7078:
3732:
8214:
6517:
4267:
Gold: Does Gordon Brown's regret selling half of Britains' gold reserves 10 years ago?, The Daily Telegraph, 8 May 2009
4190:
3235:β the act of placing a bid just before the end of a timed auction, thus giving other bidders no time to enter new bids.
6551:
5709:
Peter, Cramton (2006), "Simultaneous Ascending Auctions", in Cramton, Peter; Shoham, Yoav; Steinberg, Richard (eds.),
2977:β a rhythmic repetition of numbers and "filler words" spoken by an auctioneer in the process of conducting an auction.
1347:
from a wide range of buyers in a much larger variety of commodities than was previously practical. In the 1990s, the
1343:
The development of the internet has led to a significant rise in the use of auctions, as auctioneers can solicit bids
57:
6535:
5693:
4799:
Adam, M. T. P.; KrΓ€mer, J.; Weinhardt, C. (2012). "Excitement up! Price down! Measuring emotions in Dutch auctions".
4455:
4278:
3247:
Vendor bid β a bid by the person selling the item. The bid is sometimes a dummy bid (see definition) but not always.
2849:
1794:
in the auction, the auction ends and that participant wins the item at the current price. It has similarities to the
1415:
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262:
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4155:
Jehiel, Philippe; Moldovanu, Benny; Ottaviani, Marco; Propper, Carol (2003). "An Economic Perspective on Auctions".
3623:
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8234:
7236:"Changes in the law make auction rings easier to prosecute, but is the regulatory framework still fit for purpose?"
2137:
starts as an English or Japanese auction and then continues as a Dutch auction with a reduced number of bidders. A
2117:
1997:, bidders make sealed bids in advance and their probability of winning grows with the relative size of their bids.
1915:
1430:
187:
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3055:
Choice β a form of bidding whereby a number of identical or similar items are bid at a single price for each item.
2588:
On the other hand, an alternative perspective suggests that the format of online auctions could also give rise to
2285:(IPL) started annual public auctioning of cricket players in 2008 as an entertainment for mass consumption. Also,
8179:
8079:
5955:
4916:
Milgromy, Paul; Segal, Ilya (September 11, 2014). "Deferred-Acceptance Auctions and RadioSpectrum Reallocation".
4279:"From the Priciest Painting to the Richest Wine Bottle, Here Are the Most Expensive Objects Ever Sold at Auction"
4043:
2113:
1911:
182:
6826:
Katehakis, Michael; Puranam, Kartikeya S. (July 2012), "On optimal bidding in sequential procurement auctions",
5634:
1676:
auctions provide suppliers the opportunity to find the best price among interested buyers, reverse auctions and
8119:
5381:
4362:
4216:
Kalinin, Nikita; Vershinin, Mark (2020-10-25). "Strategic analysis of the Russian crab quota auction in 2019".
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Beckmann, Michael (May 2004). "Art Auctions and Bidding Rings: Empirical Evidence from German Auction Data".
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132:
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Costa-Gomes, Miguel A.; Shimoji, Makoto (May 2014). "Theoretical approaches to lowest unique bid auctions".
5228:
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Weber, Robert J. (1997). "Making more from less: Strategic demand reduction in the FCC spectrum auctions".
7440:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 10039. Springer International Publishing. pp. 432β442.
5414:. Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fΓΌr Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany: 1β9.
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Vragov, Roumen (2004). "Why is eBay the King of Internet Auctions? An Institutional Analysis Perspective".
2738:
1874:
1332:
1312:
457:
152:
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Tagiew, Rustam (22 May 2009). "Towards Barter Double Auction as Model for Bilateral Social Cooperations".
2810:
is practice in reverse auctions, whereby a bidder submits a bid, which ends up in a loss for this bidder.
2533:; for example, fish wholesale auctions. In wool auctions, wool is traded in the international market. The
8475:
5985:
5919:
Lundberg, Sofia (2000). "Child Auctions in Nineteenth Century Sweden: An Analysis of Price Differences".
5512:
Gallien, JΓ©rΓ©mie; Gupta, Shobhit (May 2007), "Temporary and Permanent Buyout Prices in Online Auctions",
3078:, by which the closing time is extended for a small period to allow other bidders to increase their bids.
2789:
1898:
1253:
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147:
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6403:"An Efficient Electronic English Auction System with a Secure On-Shelf Mechanism and Privacy Preserving"
3708:
3204:
A proxy may also be limited by the bidder in the total amount to spend on items in a multi-item auction.
1323:
of the division. Thus, some of today's auctioneers in the U.S. carry the unofficial title of "colonel".
8939:
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17:
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Houser, Daniel; Wooders, John (2006-06-27). "Reputation in Auctions: Theory, and Evidence from eBay".
2612:
Antiques and collectibles auctions give an opportunity for viewing a huge array of items. The sale of
8979:
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2715:
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1831:
by companies and organisations, particularly for government contracts and auctions for mining leases.
1477:
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6340:
Gray, T. W. (2005). "Local-based, alternative-marketing strategy could help save more small farms".
5820:
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2141:
is a preliminary sealed-bid auction before the actual auction, whose reserve price it determines. A
1260:
8244:
7412:"Billionaire loses legal battle against High Street Auctions over phantom bidders β eProperty News"
6205:
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5341:
4328:
3266:
3244:
The "three Ds" (death, divorce, or debt) β sometimes a reason for an item to be sold at an auction.
2925:
2440:
2239:
2097:, where a predefined increment is added to the second highest bid in response to a yet higher bid.
1677:
1620:
Auctions can differ in the number and type of participants. There are two types of participants: a
843:
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is a subtype of sequential auction, where the ordering in the sequence is determined by random. A
1922:
and means the final deal sealing for the number one bidder is based on the second bidder's price.
1751:
1331:
in the late 19th century had a style that mixed traditions of 17th century England with chants of
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5308:
Huang, He; Liu, Liming; Parker, Geoffrey; Tan, Yinliang (Ricky); Xu, Hongyan (26 December 2018).
5128:
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3170:"New money" β a new bidder, joining bidding for an item after others have bid against each other.
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2014:
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3143:
Variants on a group lot bid include "choice" and "times the money" (see definitions for each).
2853:
2806:
is also known as "auction fever" and describes the irrational behavior of bidders at auctions.
1328:
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Maiden bid β a single bid which wins the lot being offered for sale, with no other bids made.
2585:
enabling searches across numerous auctions and employing filters to refine their selections.
2282:
2250:
is a similar Swedish practice involving poor people being auctioned to church organizations.
2109:
2041:
is an extension of best/not best auction, where the bidders also see the rank of their bids.
1885:
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Vickrey, William S. (1961). "Counterspeculation, auctions, and competitive sealed tenders".
4033:"Elektronische Auktionen und Ausschreibungen bei Linde Gas β Die Spieltheorie im E-Sourcing"
2616:
includes items such as stamps, coins, vintage toys & trains, classic cars, and fine art.
2340:
The method has been the subject of increased controversy during the twenty-first century as
2281:
players are routinely put up for auction, whereby cricket teams can bid for their services.
1414:
28.6 million, by far exceeding its estimates and at the time setting the new record as
8440:
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7913:
Auction theory: introductory exercises with answer keys / Pak-Sing Choi, Felix Munoz-Garcia
7881:
7826:
This gives an overview of the history of auctions, focusing especially on English practice.
7619:
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7182:
6552:"Canadian Museum of Civilization and Canada Postal Museum β Auction of Fine Art and Stamps"
5609:
5439:. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Vol. 2. Springer. pp. 58β67.
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offer a special winner selection. The winner is the bidder with the lowest unique bid. The
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Klemperer, P. 1999. Auction theory: A guide to the literature. Journal of Economic Surveys
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3022:
Bid Construction Problem (BCP) β also known as the Bid Generation Problem (BGP), BCP is a
2963:β an estimate of an item's worth, usually performed by an expert in that particular field.
8:
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This type of deposit is most often used in auctions involving high-value goods (such as
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6125:"Reducing Cricketers into Cattle: The IPL Destroys the Spirit of Sports β The New Leam"
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4363:"Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson for auction theory"
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alternative to a normal property sale, due to the speedy nature of the entire process.
2305:
An estate agent conducting an auction of real estate in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
2185:
is opposite, where the valuation of the auctioned good is identical among the bidders.
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4014:"Enterprise Sourcing Cockpit 4.5: HΓΆhere Benutzerfreundlichkeit und neue Auktionsform"
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FattigvΓ₯rden i Kristdala socken 1881-1890: en studie av en smΓ₯lΓ€ndsk landsbygdssocken
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of all kinds, particularly farm (equipment) and house clearances and online auctions.
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5404:"Designing Reverse Auctions for B-2-B Procurement Evidence from the German Industry"
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3827:"Unearthing the Weeping Time: Savannah's Ten Broeck Race Course and 1859 Slave Sale"
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to determine the price to be paid by a swain, while unattractive maidens required a
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The Real Estate Investor's Handbook: The Complete Guide for the Individual Investor
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1491:
1441:
1426:, auctions can make an extremely rare item more likely to sell for a higher price.
1399:
1155:
1109:
1023:
1003:
940:
510:
497:
412:
307:
227:
197:
192:
122:
8994:
7050:
Gonul, Fusun; Leszczyc, Peter (2011). "Snipe bidding behaviour in eBay auctions".
6723:"CryptoKitties explained: Why players have bred over a million blockchain felines"
5569:
4884:
3058:
Clearance rate β the percentage of items that sell over the course of the auction.
3019:β the act of participating in an auction by offering to purchase an item for sale.
8989:
8899:
8874:
8864:
8859:
8455:
8370:
8342:
8114:
7549:
7445:
6799:
5980:
4732:
4521:
4237:
3785:
3486:
3308:
3288:
3232:
3075:
2841:
2807:
2794:
2679:
2675:
2542:
2455:
2443:
for communications (e.g., mobile phone networks). In certain jurisdictions, if a
2223:
2209:
2086:
2079:
1994:
1976:
1919:
1834:
1731:
1662:
1652:
1514:
1509:
1460:
In 2018, the yearly revenues of the two biggest auction houses were $ 5 billion (
1299:
1189:, appeared in 1595. In some parts of England during the 17th and 18th centuries,
1121:
1117:
1105:
1079:
1075:
956:
838:
745:
729:
669:
372:
337:
332:
327:
267:
222:
172:
167:
80:
75:
5444:
4757:"Time is money: The effect of clock speed on seller's revenue in Dutch auctions"
4681:
3512:
Morcillo, Marta Garcia (2008). "Staging Power and Authority at Roman Auctions".
2439:
conducted by the government, companies purchase licenses to use portions of the
2153:
is an opposite of a sequential auction, where the auctions are run in parallel.
1174:
8974:
8959:
8894:
8844:
8465:
8380:
8154:
7999:
7830:
7809:
7607:
6865:
5420:
5284:
5104:
5032:
4812:
3328:
3303:
3293:
3004:
2874:
2746:
2567:
2562:
2420:
2408:
2290:
2138:
2021:
1859:
1667:
1519:
1483:
1388:
1372:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1212:
1190:
960:
811:
477:
442:
382:
282:
177:
157:
127:
90:
7893:
7631:
7584:
7512:
7167:
7063:
6839:
5844:
4777:
3128:
2258:, a wife was divorced by selling her in a public auction for the highest bid.
2222:
As already mentioned in the history section, auctions have been used to trade
9106:
8904:
8834:
8400:
8254:
8164:
7815:
7289:
7206:
7009:
6960:
6494:
6459:
6387:
6379:
5767:
5543:
5477:
4996:
4892:
4705:
4245:
3902:
3852:
3758:
3738:
3431:
3283:
3278:
3159:
A minimum bid can be as little as $ 0.01 (one cent) depending on the auction.
2983:
2974:
2940:
2900:
2830:, 'For Love or Money', uncovered by Helena Caradus on her return from Paris.
2742:
2658:
2499:
2432:
2247:
2243:
2145:
is an auction where the bidders can participate in a sequence of auctions. A
1820:
1780:
1772:
1682:
1461:
1451:
The most expensive item to ever be sold in an auction is Leonardo da Vinci's
1249:
1225:
1163:
1147:
1136:
1057:
925:
863:
853:
664:
377:
162:
6451:
6246:
4347:
4168:
3525:
2661:, which are tokens representing virtual cats, have been sold over automated
1897:
bids of Bidders B & D is higher ($ 60) than for Bidders A and C ($ 55).
1290:
By the end of the 18th century, auctions of art works were commonly held in
1040:
959:
dealing with auction types and participants' behavior in auctions is called
8914:
8869:
8445:
8405:
7705:
7496:
7036:
6555:
6419:
6402:
6272:
5525:
5310:"Multi-Attribute Procurement Auctions in the Presence of Satisfaction Risk"
4483:
4103:
4081:
3343:
2844:
of bidders to keep bids low is at least theoretically possible. In case of
2799:
2753:
28 million. It set a world auction record for any ceramic work of art.
2691:
2633:
2606:
2534:
2449:
2444:
2345:
2251:
2227:
1487:
1465:
1407:
1295:
1280:
1241:
1199:
1125:
1094:
1007:
991:
858:
709:
566:
432:
427:
402:
362:
317:
217:
7097:
4447:
2089:, the final price for the winner is based on the second bidder's price. A
1689:
A double auction is a combination of both forward and reverse auctions. A
1315:
in U.S. history β with 436 men, women and children being sold. During the
971:
may announce prices, while bidders submit bids vocally or electronically.
8849:
8485:
8430:
8375:
8322:
8282:
8139:
7989:
4396:
3318:
3313:
3094:
2905:
2823:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2687:
2613:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2314:
1828:
1784:
1739:
1495:
1434:
1217:
1011:
987:
983:
873:
868:
821:
699:
679:
615:
581:
556:
547:
367:
322:
302:
7262:
7105:
7000:
6983:
6951:
6254:
5759:
5174:
4565:"Electronic reverse auctions and the public sector β factors of success"
3533:
2254:
was also a common practice throughout history. For instance, in the old
1311:
took place in 1859 and is recorded as the second largest single sale of
1104:
the assets of debtors whose property had been confiscated. For example,
8909:
8889:
8420:
8287:
8277:
8229:
8034:
7824:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 895.
7805:
7790:
7154:
Marshall, Robert C.; Marx, Leslie M. (March 2007). "Bidder collusion".
6968:
6926:
6903:
6880:"The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism"
6436:"Reducing Buyer Search Costs: Implications for Electronic Marketplaces"
5534:
5326:
5309:
4988:
4176:
3439:
2912:
controversy focused on vendor bidding and led to its downfall in 2012.
2662:
2571:
2396:
1858:
in September 1962. Auctioneer shows a table lamp with a final price of
5940:
5293:
3568:"History of Auctions: From ancient Rome to today's high-tech auctions"
2896:
2514:
2395:
auctions occur, as when one's farm or house is sold at auction on the
8919:
8272:
6030:"'I was sold seven times': Yazidi women welcomed back into the faith"
5821:"Economic Classroom Experiments/Private Value Auctions β Wikiversity"
5166:
4798:
3971:
3774:
James Christie conducted the first sale in London on 5 December 1766.
3042:
2819:
2734:
2589:
2538:
2530:
2326:
2310:
2274:
2090:
1396:
1364:
1264:
1244:, currently the world's second-largest auction house, was founded in
1101:
1071:
999:
995:
806:
719:
714:
704:
593:
7670:(D: Microeconomics, D4: Market Structure and Pricing, D44: Auctions)
6942:
6895:
5585:"Dynamic spectrum allocation based on one-band multi-winner auction"
4640:
Hultmark, Christina; Ramberg, Christina; Kuner, Christopher (2002).
3986:
Hultmark, Christina; Ramberg, Christina; Kuner, Christopher (2002).
3843:
3826:
3068:
item is purchased by a bidder and the bidder pays the auction house.
2899:
is a criminal offence, but a vendor bid or a co-owner bid below the
8924:
8884:
8879:
8425:
8249:
7874:
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
7565:
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
7198:
6074:"IPL Auction 2020, IPL Auction Players List, Auction Date, Results"
5932:
3418:
McAfee, R. Preston; McMillan, John (1987). "Auctions and Bidding".
3194:
3081:
2949:
2519:
2400:
2334:
2273:
is the voluntary practice of individuals seeking to sell their own
1440:
The auctions with the largest revenue for the government are often
1195:
1113:
1019:
979:
645:
610:
487:
6401:
Zhong, Hong; Li, Song; Cheng, Ting-Fang; Chang, Chin-Chen (2016).
4625:
3934:
Cameron, Lisa J.; Cramton, Peter; Wilson, Robert (December 1997).
3356:
2214:
1527:
8312:
7994:
3917:"The Application of Multi-objective Optimization to Bid Decision"
3023:
3016:
2945:
2888:
2802:
is an aggressive tactic of increasing every bid by high amounts.
2636:
horses, where yearling horses and other bloodstock are auctioned.
2630:
Sale of industrial machinery, both surplus or through insolvency.
2278:
1392:
1324:
1272:
948:
292:
30:"Auctioneer" redirects here. For the DC Comics supervillain, see
7533:
6604:"Inglis β Australia's Leading Bloodstock Auctioneers β About Us"
5468:
Berz, Gregor (2015). "The Commitment of Negotiation Processes".
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3250:
White glove sale β an auction in which every single lot is sold.
2491:
2382:
delinquent property tax list for auction by the County Treasurer
2181:, every bidder has their own valuation of the auctioned good. A
2128:
Auctions can be cascaded, one after the other. For instance, an
1545:
1536:
8204:
8194:
7953:
7906:
Combinatorial auctions for transportation services procurement.
6603:
6100:"IPL 2020: Full list of players in auction pool on December 19"
4643:
Internet Marketplaces: The Law of Auctions and Exchanges Online
4154:
3989:
Internet Marketplaces: The Law of Auctions and Exchanges Online
3105:
2546:
2523:
2480:
2467:
2330:
2263:
1368:
1291:
1259:
Other early auction houses that are still in operation include
1245:
1233:
1221:
1124:
per guard, an act that initiated a brief civil war. Didius was
6150:"Afridi and Gayle fetch highest BPL prices | ESPNcricinfo.com"
4726:
Shor, Mikhael, "blind auction" Dictionary of Game Theory Terms
4304:"Leading auction houses worldwide in 2018 by fine art revenue"
3868:"Visiting Our Past: Brightleaf tobacco intoxication the 1880s"
3709:"Swedish Auction House to Sell 8 Million Euros of Russian Art"
3457:
3156:
Minimum bid β the smallest opening bid that will be accepted.
2741:. In 2005, a 14th-century Chinese porcelain piece was sold by
2475:
8239:
8144:
7263:"Auction design and tacit collusion in FCC spectrum auctions"
3193:
Proxy bids are common in auctions of high-end items, such as
2640:
2508:
1799:
1647:
1625:
1621:
1112:. On 28 March 193, the Praetorian Guard first killed emperor
1070:
Auctions have been recorded as early as 500 BC. According to
937:
7351:", artspace.com, 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
6005:"ISIS Terror: Yazidi Woman Recalls Horrors of Slave Auction"
4430:
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
3897:, vol. 352, no. 8129, pp. 67β68, 1999-07-24,
3737:, Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholms Auktionsverk, archived from
3464:
3462:
3460:
2431:
at the resulting price, whatever it may be. Some states use
2317:. Auctions were traditionally used as an alternative to the
2074:
The winner selection in most auctions selects the best bid.
1706:
is used, where the offer and demand are treated as vectors.
8020:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
8004:
7362:"What is bidding off the wall? | UK Property Auctions"
7052:
International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing
6229:
Cai, Hongbin; Henderson, J. Vernon; Qinghua, Zhang (2013).
3788:(London, England), Saturday, 25 September 1762; Issue 10460
3049:
2651:
2576:
2412:
2259:
2094:
1855:
1376:
1359:
was invented as a new type of auction to trade gas through
1090:
7305:"Legislators Seek to Stop 'Chandelier Bidding' at Auction"
6774:"Lloyd's 2020 Capacity Auction 1 Results, 24 October 2019"
5152:
4109:
Sotheby's Sets a New World Record for Sculpture at Auction
1722:
8025:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
7712:, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press,
7484:"Wine Valuation, Price Guides, Auction results Australia"
6645:
5894:"U.N. Chief 'Horrified' by Report of Libya Slave Auction"
4859:
Pekec, Aleksandar; Rothkopf, Michael H. (November 2003),
3038:
3033:
1139:
were sold at auction as early as the seventh century AD.
674:
571:
8411:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
7728:
The Theory of Money and Financial Institutions: Volume 1
6650:
Fund-raising events: strategies and programs for success
3595:
Vohra, Rakesh V.; Krishnamurthi, Lakshman (2012-03-05).
3229:β a submitted bid whose value is unknown to competitors.
1252:, now the world's largest auction house, was founded by
9059:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
6231:"China's land market auctions: evidence of corruption?"
4754:
2834:
2643:
in Sweden auctioning surplus at Tradera (Swedish eBay).
2226:
people from the very first. Auctions have been used in
1904:
Another special case of a combinatorial auction is the
1726:
An auctioneer and assistants scan the crowd for bidders
7730:, Cambridge, Mass., USA: MIT Press, pp. 213β219,
5789:"Best Silent Auction Closing Time For Your Fundraiser"
5682:"Venture capital investing and the "Calcutta Auction""
4973:"A Practical Guide to the Combinatorial Clock Auction"
4971:
Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Baranov, Oleg (1 October 2017).
6519:
The Economics of Collusion: Cartels and Bidding Rings
5270:
4937:
Bichler, Martin; Goeree, Jacob K. (26 October 2017).
1590:
1560:
1319:, goods seized by armies were sold at auction by the
7655:
Journal of Economic Literature Classification System
5845:"What You Need to Know About the Libyan Slave Trade"
5744:"Silent auctions in the field and in the laboratory"
5679:
4639:
3985:
3933:
3547:
3545:
3543:
2690:
market, runs auctions of syndicate capacity for the
1418:
as well as work from antiquity ever sold at auction.
1224:
of London in the late 17th century. The first known
1216:
began reporting on the auctioning of artwork in the
6516:Marshall, Robert C.; Marx, Leslie M. (2012-04-27).
6228:
4677:
Selling Multiple Items in a Listing (Dutch Auction)
4427:
3725:
2471:
Wool buyers' room at a wool auction, Newcastle, NSW
2013:. If bids consists of multiple-attributes, it is a
7871:
7562:
7183:"Detection of Bid Rigging in Procurement Auctions"
7181:Porter, Robert H.; Zona, J. Douglas (1993-06-01).
6697:
6647:
5960:(Master thesis) (in Swedish). HΓΆgskolan pΓ₯ Gotland
5555:
5024:
4386:
3594:
3183:Paddle β a numbered instrument used to place a bid
2769:. Nevertheless, bidders may also choose to employ
1606:
1576:
1422:By increasing visibility of an item and therefore
9064:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
8200:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
8015:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
7853:
6673:
6400:
5871:"UK lawmakers debate Libya slave auction footage"
5307:
5065:
4827:
3692:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1913. 63-64.
3540:
2880:
2093:is a special case of second-price ruling used by
1185:The first mention of "auction", according to the
1116:, then offered the empire to the highest bidder.
27:Process of offering goods or services up for bids
9104:
9087:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
9077:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
9041:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
6851:
6825:
5686:New Venture Investment: Choices and Consequences
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
4854:
4852:
4507:
4484:"General Game Playing B-to-B Price Negotiations"
4481:
4215:
3566:Doyle, Robert A.; Baska, Steve (November 2002),
3007:, pass an examination, and pay a licensing fee).
2313:, auctioning is a common method for the sale of
1845:
1303:centre of the international art trade after the
9082:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
9054:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
7837:, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,
7658:, American Economic Association, archived from
7343:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7325:
6845:
5066:Good, Steven L.; Lynn, Paul A. (January 2007),
4592:
4590:
3702:
3700:
3698:
2864:
9018:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
8175:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
7747:Journal of Economics & Management Strategy
7612:Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
6927:"A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding"
6475:Journal of Economics & Management Strategy
6407:Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
6361:
5742:Isaac, R. Mark; Schnier, Kurt (October 2005),
5126:
4970:
4130:
3652:The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage
3417:
3074:Dynamic closing β a mechanism used to prevent
2915:
2773:as a strategy to circumvent this predicament.
2415:auctions, in which governments issue and sell
2100:Auctions with more than one winner are called
1901:is a special case of a combinatorial auction.
1767:A 1957 Dutch auction in Germany to sell fruit.
1681:necessarily 'descending-price' β the reverse
1380:make traditional auction theory more complex.
1082:to determine the price to be paid to a swain.
7939:
7261:Bajari, Patrick; Yeo, Jungwon (1 June 2009).
7076:
7049:
6472:
6362:Bajari, Patrick; Hortaçsu, Ali (2004-05-01).
5981:"The Contrast, by the Author of "Yes and No""
5470:Game Theory Bargaining and Auction Strategies
5437:Negotiation, Auctions, and Market Engineering
5052:
4936:
4915:
4858:
4849:
4563:Moshe, Shalev; Stee, Asbjornsen (Fall 2010).
4191:"Auction Industry Sees Growth in Real Estate"
4102:
3921:Systems Engineering --- Theory & Practice
3598:Principles of Pricing: An Analytical Approach
2957:whatever means the auctioneer has stipulated.
2623:Second-hand goods β For the sale of consumer
2262:conducted slave auctions to sell up to 7,000
1395:, Ancient Greek marble sculpture. In 2007, a
898:
518:
7322:
7153:
6924:
6629:"Bag a holiday bargain in an online auction"
6515:
5741:
5684:. In Ginsberg, Ari; Hasan, Iftekhar (eds.).
5511:
5217:
4801:International Journal of Electronic Commerce
4587:
4482:Friedrich, Michael; Ignatov, Dmitry (2019).
3936:"Using auctions to divest generation assets"
3695:
2082:selects a winner partially based on random.
1544:
1535:
1526:
1448:, raising approximately $ 3.5 billion.
7077:Malmendier, Ulrike; Lee, Young Han (2011).
6925:Milgrom, Paul R.; Weber, Robert J. (1982).
6357:
6355:
5978:
5680:Seshadri, S; Shapira, Z; Tucci, CL (2003).
4477:
4475:
4329:"Auction Theory: A Guide to the Literature"
3886:
3176:Outbid β to bid higher than another bidder.
2427:, which indicates interest to purchase the
2203:
1758:
1089:, other Hellenistic societies, and also in
8583:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
7946:
7932:
7435:
7180:
7022:
6646:Ralph Brody; Marcie Goodman (1988-01-01),
6626:
6364:"Economic Insights from Internet Auctions"
5979:Cave, Edward; Nichols, John (April 1832),
5248:
5246:
3628:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 13.
3601:. Cambridge University Press. p. 81.
3565:
2364:
1355:as its trademark. In the early 2000s, the
1240:), founded by Baron Claes RΓ₯lamb in 1674.
974:Auctions are applied for trade in diverse
905:
891:
525:
511:
8130:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
7829:
7605:
7260:
7254:
6999:
6950:
6700:The Ebay Price Guide: What Sells for What
6418:
6295:"Combined factors hit wool auctions hard"
6262:
5953:
5891:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5582:
5533:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5434:
5419:
5401:
5325:
5292:
5018:
5016:
5014:
4921:
4624:
4562:
4535:"The Benefits of a Reverse Dutch Auction"
4437:
4360:
4326:
4260:
3970:
3842:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
1717:
1607:{\displaystyle \operatorname {c} _{1..n}}
1577:{\displaystyle \operatorname {v} _{1..m}}
8030:Conservation science (cultural property)
7606:Song, Jiongjiong; Regan, Amelia (2005).
7118:
6854:European Journal of Operational Research
6819:
6798:
6352:
5918:
5912:
5374:"E-Auctions in Sourcing: Yankee Auction"
5107:: Leichman Assoc Pubns, pp. 78β79,
5098:
5092:
5035:: Atlantic Publishing Company, pp.
4472:
3927:
3675:R.W. Patten. "Tatworth Candle Auction."
3511:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3118:
2939:
2724:
2513:
2498:
2490:
2474:
2466:
2374:
2300:
2213:
1849:
1839:real-time bidding for online advertising
1762:
1721:
1387:
1383:
1202:' diary recorded two occasions when the
1168:
1146:
1056:
1038:, the past participle of the Latin verb
916:
7766:
6877:
6804:"Chinese Jar Sets Record for Asian Art"
6206:"Building Survey of Auction Properties"
6048:
5583:Zhang, Wen-zhu; Wang, Ling-yun (2012).
5243:
4501:
3992:. Oxford University Press. p. 40.
3865:
3648:
3621:
3561:
3559:
3484:
2599:
2296:
1841:, but rarely in non-automated contexts.
1338:
14:
9105:
7856:Auctions: Social Construction of Value
6981:
6749:"Charity Auctions: The Ultimate Guide"
5726:
5494:
5225:"QuiBids.com Reviews β Legit or Scam?"
5022:
5011:
4618:
4067:
3914:
3797:
3791:
3706:
3669:
3473:
2686:worth taking on. Lloyd's, the world's
2230:throughout history until modern times
1371:. With the emergence of the internet,
1298:. These auctions were held daily, and
1162:examining paintings at Christie's, by
1120:won the auction at the price of 6,250
1052:
817:Forum (alternative dispute resolution)
7927:
7909:
7743:
7302:
6433:
6097:
5708:
5654:
5632:
5198:
5127:Riley, J.G.; Samuelson, W.F. (1981).
3824:
3786:Gazetteer and London Daily Advertiser
3682:
3380:
3254:
2462:
2028:
2000:
928:at a livestock auction, November 2010
7910:Choi, P.-S; F, MuΓ±oz-Garcia (2021).
7804:
7646:
6339:
5892:Gladstone, Rick (20 November 2017).
5467:
5314:Production and Operations Management
5201:"The Seduction of the Penny Auction"
5155:Annales d'Γconomie et de Statistique
4030:
3825:Kwesi, DeGraft-Hanson (2010-01-01).
3556:
2859:
2234:. The word for slave auction in the
1709:
7364:. Ukauctions.org.uk. Archived from
6203:
5954:Johansson, Mariette (Spring 2009).
5868:
4940:Handbook of Spectrum Auction Design
2709:
2069:
1970:
1173:A late 19th Century auction at the
1034:The word "auction" is derived from
24:
8215:Preservation (library and archive)
7858:, University of California Press,
7798:
7783:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1961.tb02789.x
7691:, San Diego, USA: Academic Press,
7387:"Auction Alliance to probe claims"
7349:A Beginner's Guide to Art Auctions
7303:Grant, Daniel (4 September 2007).
7133:10.1023/B:JCEC.0000019483.38761.63
6884:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
6579:"On-site versus off-site auctions"
6576:
6054:Gordon, Claire (9 February 2010).
5642:Econ 805 β Advanced Micro Theory I
5408:Negotiation and Market Engineering
5227:. Reviewopedia.com. Archived from
4755:Katok, E.; Kwasnica, A.M. (2008).
3649:Metcalf, William E. (2012-02-23).
3491:. University of California Press.
2556:
2495:Farm clearing sale, Woolbrook, NSW
1592:
1562:
25:
9124:
6878:Akerlof, George A. (1970-08-01).
6776:. Shares Magazine. Archived from
5558:Journal of Mathematical Economics
5072:Commercial Investment Real Estate
2886:of the British television series
2850:Federal Communications Commission
2720:
2669:
2665:auctions for more than $ 200,000.
2156:
1916:Generalized second-price auctions
1446:auctioned off their gold reserves
1142:
1100:The Romans also used auctions to
107:
9069:Conservation-restoration of the
8945:Indigenous intellectual property
7811:"Auctions and Auctioneers"
7760:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00529.x
7704:
7686:
7599:
7556:
7527:
7490:
7476:
7462:
7429:
7404:
7379:
7354:
7296:
7282:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2009.04.001
7270:Information Economics and Policy
7228:
7174:
7147:
7112:
7070:
7043:
7016:
6988:Journal of Economic Perspectives
6982:Thaler, Richard H (1988-02-01).
6975:
6918:
6871:
6792:
6766:
6741:
6715:
6691:
6674:Harold W. Donahue (2005-04-01),
6667:
6639:
6620:
6596:
6570:
6544:
6509:
6487:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2006.00103.x
6466:
6427:
6394:
6333:
6322:
6309:
6287:
6222:
6197:
6167:
6142:
6117:
5808:
5410:. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings.
5273:Expert Systems with Applications
5187:
4844:
4833:
4743:
4673:
4607:
4596:
4133:"Artemis and Stag at Met Museum"
3715:, Moscow: Bloomberg Finance L.P.
3679:81, No. 2 (Summer 1970), 132-135
3452:
3375:
2639:Travel tickets β One example is
2118:Generalized second-price auction
2048:
1925:
1912:Generalized first-price auctions
1431:National Auctioneers Association
56:
8180:Inventory (library and archive)
8080:Cultural property documentation
7486:. Wickman's Fine Wine Auctions.
6984:"Anomalies: The Winner's Curse"
6434:Bakos, J. Yannis (1997-12-01).
6091:
6066:
6022:
5997:
5972:
5947:
5885:
5862:
5837:
5813:
5802:
5781:
5702:
5673:
5648:
5626:
5595:
5576:
5549:
5461:
5428:
5395:
5366:
5352:
5334:
5301:
5264:
5192:
5181:
5146:
5120:
4964:
4930:
4909:
4838:
4792:
4748:
4737:
4719:
4704:. Auctusdev.com. Archived from
4694:
4667:
4633:
4612:
4601:
4556:
4527:
4421:
4380:
4354:
4320:
4296:
4271:
4209:
4183:
4148:
4124:
4096:
4061:
4024:
4006:
3979:
3908:
3859:
3818:
3798:Stoica, Michael (August 2007),
3779:
3751:
3642:
3625:Rome and its Empire, AD 193-284
3622:Hekster, Olivier (2008-07-03).
3615:
2114:Generalized first-price auction
1501:
1154:(1796) β caricature of actress
8578:Bone, horn, and antler objects
8120:Digital photograph restoration
7849:Draft edition available online
7710:Putting Auction Theory to Work
6678:, Kessinger Publishing, 2005,
6654:, Human Sciences Press, 1988,
6528:10.7551/mitpress/9011.001.0001
6368:Journal of Economic Literature
6319:, Rural Press, 13 August 2009.
5921:The Journal of Human Resources
4943:. Cambridge University Press.
4861:"Combinatorial auction design"
3588:
3505:
3446:
3420:Journal of Economic Literature
3262:Journal of Economic Literature
2944:Duo Yun Xuan auction house in
2935:
2881:Collusion involving auctioneer
2391:debt. In legal contexts where
2371:Category:Governmental auctions
2256:English custom of wife selling
2195:Category:Contexts for auctions
2151:simultaneous ascending auction
1815:First-price sealed-bid auction
1806:
1277:Phillips de Pury & Company
1063:The Babylonian Marriage Market
782:Alternative dispute resolution
13:
1:
8763:South Asian household shrines
8461:Reconstruction (architecture)
8391:Cultural property radiography
8348:Registrar (cultural property)
8100:Cultural resources management
8060:Collections management system
7835:Auctions: Theory and Practice
7726:Shubik, Martin (March 2004),
7677:
7472:. GAUK Auctions. 23 May 2018.
7121:Journal of Cultural Economics
6583:Mike Brandly, Auctioneer Blog
6235:The RAND Journal of Economics
5570:10.1016/j.jmateco.2014.02.011
4885:10.1287/mnsc.49.11.1485.20585
4327:Klemperer, Paul (July 1999).
4131:New York Times (2008-01-10),
3963:10.1016/S1040-6190(97)80317-X
3893:"The Heyday of the Auction",
2840:Beyond explicit collusion, a
2401:non-payment of property taxes
2232:in the post-Gaddafi era Libya
2200:hosting auctions themselves.
1846:Properties of auctioned goods
1777:open descending price auction
975:
924:An American auctioneer using
347:
9032:Conservation-restoration of
9023:Conservation-restoration of
8396:Detachment of wall paintings
8170:Intangible cultural heritage
8085:Cultural property exhibition
8070:Cultural heritage management
7550:10.1016/j.jretai.2015.01.003
7446:10.1007/978-3-319-48671-0_38
7438:Cloud Computing and Security
7187:Journal of Political Economy
7086:The American Economic Review
6627:d'Arcy, Susan (2010-01-24).
6301:. 2003-04-30. Archived from
6175:"Understanding underquoting"
5713:, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
5688:. Elsevier. pp. 19β42.
5136:The American Economic Review
4541:. 2018-01-15. Archived from
4522:10.1016/j.bushor.2007.03.003
4238:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104266
2865:Chandelier or rafter bidding
2813:
2790:Auction cancellation hunters
2123:
1875:discriminatory price auction
1736:open ascending price auction
1416:the most expensive sculpture
1029:
7:
8476:Transfer of panel paintings
7725:
7470:"Glossary of Auction Terms"
6828:Operations Research Letters
6698:Julia L. Wilkinson (2006),
6056:How Much Is Virginity Worth
5633:Quint, Dan (Oct 16, 2007).
5445:10.1007/978-3-540-77554-6_4
5199:Nasri, Grace (2011-04-07).
5099:Leichman, Laurence (1996),
4702:"Auction Types & Terms"
4646:. Oxford University Press.
4336:Journal of Economic Surveys
3866:Neufeld, Rob (2019-04-28).
3707:Varoli, John (2007-10-02),
3551:
3468:
3272:
2916:Suggested opening bid (SOB)
2592:conduct and other types of
2575:of auctions. Websites like
2529:Auctions are used to trade
2433:courts to run such auctions
2399:steps. Property seized for
2309:In some countries, such as
2266:women as reported in 2020.
2188:
2133:English auction ended). An
2120:are multi-winner auctions.
1906:combinatorial clock auction
1899:Deferred-acceptance auction
1457:in 2017 ($ 450.3 million).
10:
9129:
8940:Heritage language learning
8210:Optical media preservation
7854:Smith, Charles W. (1990),
7156:Journal of Economic Theory
6866:10.1016/j.ejor.2012.03.050
5421:10.4230/DagSemProc.06461.8
5402:EichstΓ€dt, Tilman (2007).
5285:10.1016/j.eswa.2014.02.023
4813:10.2753/JEC1086-4415170201
4608:Milgrom, 2004: pp. 267-268
3655:. Oxford UP. p. 499.
3488:Auctions and Auctioneering
2737:has long been a staple at
2713:
2582:Private electronic markets
2560:
2407:, is sold in this manner.
2368:
2319:private sale/treaty method
2252:Trade of wives by auctions
2207:
2192:
1686:market value of the item.
1475:
1047:
952:
849:Peace and conflict studies
756:Mutual assured destruction
65:
29:
9008:
8980:Oral history preservation
8821:
8550:
8494:
8361:
8263:
8095:Cultural property storage
8090:Cultural property imaging
7965:
7894:10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.009
7632:10.1016/j.trb.2004.11.003
7585:10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.009
7513:10.1007/s12525-011-0068-9
7168:10.1016/j.jet.2005.12.004
7064:10.1504/IJEMR.2011.039894
6840:10.1016/j.orl.2012.03.012
6702:, No Starch Press, 2006,
6179:Consumer Affairs Victoria
5657:"The Anglo-Dutch Auction"
5589:Journal on Communications
4778:10.1007/s10683-007-9169-x
4491:CEUR Workshop Proceedings
3309:Auctions in Monopoly game
3052:'s "Buy It Now" feature).
2716:Category:Bidding strategy
2342:house prices sky-rocketed
2287:Bangladesh Premier League
1877:. An example for them is
1678:buyer-determined auctions
1554:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1478:Category:Types of auction
1187:Oxford English Dictionary
978:. These contexts include
493:Private electronic market
9027:by ElΓas GarcΓa MartΓnez
8245:Sustainable preservation
7916:. Switzerland: Springer.
6676:The Toastmaster's Manual
6577:Br, Mike (2 June 2010).
6380:10.1257/0022051041409075
5986:The Gentleman's Magazine
5478:10.1057/9781137475428_11
3349:
3123:Hammer used in auctions.
2926:chi-squared distribution
2729:An 18th century Chinese
2441:electromagnetic spectrum
2204:Human commodity auctions
2011:single-attribute auction
1759:Partially driven by time
1471:
1271:(1731), Mallams (1788),
947:by offering them up for
936:is usually a process of
844:Non-aggression principle
802:Conflict style inventory
606:Nonviolent Communication
188:Generalized second-price
8985:Preservation of meaning
8970:Language revitalization
8638:Illuminated manuscripts
8416:Historic paint analysis
8308:Conservation technician
8110:Deaccessioning (museum)
8050:Collections maintenance
7975:Agents of deterioration
7821:Encyclopædia Britannica
7687:Krishna, Vijay (2002),
6452:10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1676
6247:10.1111/1756-2171.12028
5603:"The Amsterdam Auction"
5023:Fisher, Steven (2006),
4348:10.1111/1467-6419.00083
4169:10.1111/1468-0327.00107
3943:The Electricity Journal
3873:Asheville Citizen-Times
3526:10.2143/AS.38.0.2033274
3485:Cassady, Ralph (1967).
2365:Auctions by authorities
2015:multi-attribute auction
1934:(NR), also known as an
1349:multi-attribute auction
1309:The Great Slave Auction
1269:Uppsala auktionskammare
1238:Stockholms Auktionsverk
1230:Stockholm Auction House
1085:Auctions took place in
691:International relations
621:Speaking truth to power
183:Generalized first-price
8995:Tradition preservation
8648:Iron and steel objects
8537:Outdoor bronze objects
8481:UVC-based preservation
8338:Photograph conservator
8303:Conservation scientist
8055:Collections management
7985:Archaeological science
7347:Andrew M. Goldstein. "
7037:10.1287/mnsc.1070.0691
5711:Combinatorial Auctions
5526:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0650
4765:Experimental Economics
4082:10.2979/esj.2004.3.3.5
4018:PortalDerWirtschaft.de
3124:
2952:
2754:
2749:16 million, or US
2526:
2511:
2496:
2488:
2472:
2383:
2306:
2219:
2179:private value auctions
2035:Best/not best auctions
1863:
1768:
1727:
1718:Driven by bidders only
1608:
1584:stand for sellers and
1578:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1494:were awarded the 2020
1419:
1329:southern United States
1261:GΓΆteborgs Auktionsverk
1182:
1166:
1128:two months later when
1067:
929:
238:Simultaneous ascending
9000:Traditional knowledge
8965:Language preservation
8573:Ancient Greek pottery
8471:Textile stabilization
8333:Paintings conservator
8220:Preservation metadata
8105:Database preservation
7959:historic preservation
7098:10.1257/aer.101.2.749
6181:. CAV. Archived from
4569:J. Public Procurement
4448:10.1145/779928.779936
3915:Huijun, Feng (1994).
3334:Online travel auction
3269:for auctions is D44.
3122:
2943:
2728:
2517:
2502:
2494:
2478:
2470:
2378:
2304:
2283:Indian Premier League
2217:
2208:Further information:
2110:Combinatorial auction
2102:multi-winner auctions
2043:Traffic-light auction
1886:combinatorial auction
1871:uniform price auction
1853:
1766:
1746:Auction by the candle
1725:
1700:Barter double auction
1695:Walrasian tΓ’tonnement
1609:
1579:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1391:
1384:Economic significance
1375:have developed, with
1228:in the world was the
1177:, Paris (painting by
1172:
1150:
1060:
923:
766:Nuclear proliferation
273:VickreyβClarkeβGroves
8788:Time-based media art
8598:Copper-based objects
8512:Archaeological sites
8441:Mass deacidification
8386:Cradling (paintings)
8298:Conservator-restorer
8125:Digital preservation
7806:Hart, Heber Leonidas
7537:Journal of Retailing
7079:"The Bidder's Curse"
6420:10.1155/2016/6567146
6315:The Land Newspaper,
5900:. The New York Times
5472:. pp. 144β159.
5101:90% off! real estate
4977:The Economic Journal
4397:10.1109/SNPD.2008.51
4391:. pp. 447β452.
3324:Offer and acceptance
2910:The Auction Alliance
2828:The House of Caradus
2600:Unique item auctions
2551:electricity auctions
2503:Tuna auction at the
2425:non-competitive bids
2380:Pima County, Arizona
2297:Real estate auctions
2293:, starting in 2012.
2277:to the highest bid.
2236:Atlantic slave trade
2183:common value auction
1781:Dutch tulip auctions
1588:
1558:
1404:Artemis and the Stag
1339:Rise of the internet
832:Paradox of tolerance
153:Discriminatory price
9092:World Heritage Site
8955:Indigenous language
8855:Endangered language
8753:Shipwreck artifacts
8733:Photographic plates
8683:Musical instruments
8436:Lining of paintings
8353:Textile conservator
8328:Objects conservator
8318:Exhibition designer
8225:Preservation survey
8150:Found in collection
8040:Collection (museum)
8010:Calendar (archives)
7980:Archival processing
7886:2019TRPE..127..150H
7624:2005TRPB...39..914S
7577:2019TRPE..127..150H
7001:10.1257/jep.2.1.191
6753:Double the Donation
6185:on 28 February 2019
5809:Milgrom, 2004: p268
5655:Marszalec, Daniel.
5188:Milgrom, 2004: p119
4877:2003PNAS..10011153P
4597:Milgrom, 2004: p267
4230:2020MarPo.12204266K
4031:Bernhard, Andreas.
3955:1997ElecJ..10j..22C
3801:The Business of Art
3267:classification code
2594:market manipulation
2505:Tsukiji fish market
2135:Anglo-Dutch auction
2076:Unique bid auctions
1982:Bidding fee auction
1734:, also known as an
1464:) and $ 4 billion (
1361:electronic auctions
1327:auctioneers in the
1285:Lyon & Turnbull
1152:A Peep at Christies
1066:, Edwin Long, 1875.
1053:Classical antiquity
1044:, ("I increase").
761:Nuclear disarmament
660:Conflict escalation
637:Conflict management
541:Conflict resolution
463:Revenue equivalence
148:Deferred-acceptance
32:Auctioneer (comics)
8950:Indigenous culture
8293:Collection manager
8190:Media preservation
8185:Inventory (museum)
8045:Collection catalog
7770:Journal of Finance
7500:Electronic Markets
7242:. 26 February 2014
7025:Management Science
6808:The New York Times
6780:on 26 January 2020
6440:Management Science
6342:Rural Cooperatives
6204:ZFN (2021-08-22).
5898:The New York Times
5825:en.wikiversity.org
5514:Management Science
5360:"Cigar Auctioneer"
5327:10.1111/poms.12979
5260:. 17 January 2006.
5231:on 1 February 2013
5129:"Optimal Auctions"
4989:10.1111/ecoj.12404
4983:(605): F334βF350.
4865:Management Science
4744:Krishna, 2002: p13
4731:2007-05-04 at the
4432:. pp. 55β63.
4137:The New York Times
4049:on 29 January 2020
3713:Bloomberg.com News
3552:Shubik, 2004: p215
3469:Shubik, 2004: p214
3339:Request for tender
3255:JEL classification
3125:
2953:
2842:tacit coordination
2822:or more specially
2755:
2605:Motor vehicle and
2527:
2512:
2497:
2489:
2473:
2463:Commodity auctions
2388:government auction
2384:
2307:
2220:
2143:sequential auction
2029:Visibility of bids
2001:Structure of a bid
1932:No-reserve auction
1867:Multiunit auctions
1864:
1769:
1728:
1704:Euclidean distance
1604:
1574:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1420:
1317:American Civil War
1194:events, such as a
1191:auctions by candle
1183:
1167:
1068:
1016:online advertising
938:buying and selling
930:
879:Track II diplomacy
827:Prisoner's dilemma
797:Conflict continuum
792:Conflict avoidance
577:Dispute resolution
233:Sealed first-price
9100:
9099:
9049:Pompeian frescoes
8935:Heritage language
8825:cultural heritage
8613:Flags and banners
8558:cultural property
8522:Heritage railways
8502:cultural property
8451:Paleo-inspiration
8135:Film preservation
8075:Cultural property
8065:Cultural heritage
7955:Cultural heritage
7865:978-0-520-07201-5
7844:978-0-691-11925-0
7737:978-0-262-69311-0
7719:978-0-521-55184-7
7698:978-0-12-426297-3
7455:978-3-319-48670-3
6709:978-1-59327-055-1
6685:978-1-4191-5636-6
6661:978-0-89885-362-9
6446:(12): 1676β1692.
6098:Sportstar, Team.
5869:Vonberg, Judith.
5760:10.1093/ei/cbi050
5720:978-0-262-03342-8
5487:978-1-349-69293-4
5454:978-3-540-77553-9
5279:(10): 4829β4843.
5254:"Chinese Auction"
5114:978-0-9636867-7-0
5068:"The eBay Effect"
5046:978-0-910627-69-6
4950:978-1-107-13534-5
4871:(11): 1485β1503,
4845:Krishna, 2002: p3
4834:Krishna, 2002: p9
4653:978-0-19-925429-3
4510:Business Horizons
4406:978-0-7695-3263-9
4070:E-Service Journal
3999:978-0-19-925429-3
3734:About the company
3688:William S. Walsh
3662:978-0-19-530574-6
3635:978-0-7486-2992-3
3608:978-1-107-01065-9
3498:978-0-520-03978-0
3453:Krishna, 2002: p1
3376:Krishna, 2002: p2
2860:By the auctioneer
2846:spectrum auctions
2703:emissions trading
2625:second-hand goods
2437:spectrum auctions
2289:conducts cricket
2271:virginity auction
2130:Amsterdam auction
2106:Multiunit auction
2007:Brazilian auction
1879:spectrum auctions
1775:also known as an
1710:Price development
1691:Walrasian auction
1673:
1672:
1639:Multiple Sellers
1618:
1617:
1486:. The economists
1442:spectrum auctions
1357:Brazilian auction
1305:French Revolution
1179:Albert Bettannier
1130:Septimius Severus
1026:, and many more.
921:
915:
914:
787:Anti-war movement
751:Nuclear blackmail
655:Communal violence
535:
534:
313:Cancellation hunt
263:Value of revenues
133:Click-box bidding
16:(Redirected from
9120:
9036:by Thomas Eakins
9034:The Gross Clinic
8930:Folklore studies
8840:Applied folklore
8813:Wooden furniture
8808:Wooden artifacts
8803:Woodblock prints
8783:Tibetan thangkas
8643:Insect specimens
8532:Outdoor artworks
8527:Historic gardens
8160:Heritage science
7948:
7941:
7934:
7925:
7924:
7917:
7905:
7868:
7847:
7825:
7813:
7794:
7763:
7740:
7722:
7701:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7650:
7644:
7643:
7603:
7597:
7596:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7531:
7525:
7524:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7408:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7383:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7358:
7352:
7345:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7300:
7294:
7293:
7267:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7178:
7172:
7171:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7083:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7003:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6954:
6937:(5): 1089β1122.
6922:
6916:
6915:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6823:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6800:Melikian, Souren
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6729:. 6 October 2018
6719:
6713:
6712:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6653:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6554:. Archived from
6548:
6542:
6541:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6359:
6350:
6349:
6337:
6331:
6326:
6320:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6266:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6154:espncricinfo.com
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6070:
6064:
6061:Slate (magazine)
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5817:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5748:Economic Inquiry
5739:
5724:
5723:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5661:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5639:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5614:
5608:. Archived from
5607:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5537:
5509:
5492:
5491:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5380:. Archived from
5378:eSourcing | Wiki
5370:
5364:
5363:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5346:Game Theory .net
5342:"Yankee Auction"
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5320:(5): 1206β1221.
5305:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5258:Fundraising Help
5250:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5196:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5167:10.2307/20075949
5150:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5078:, archived from
5063:
5050:
5049:
5030:
5020:
5009:
5008:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4895:, archived from
4856:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4761:
4752:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4680:, archived from
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4616:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4539:Procurehere Blog
4531:
4525:
4524:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4488:
4479:
4470:
4469:
4441:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4333:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4275:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4042:. Archived from
4040:chemietechnik.de
4037:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3940:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3846:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3804:, archived from
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3704:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3574:, archived from
3563:
3554:
3549:
3538:
3537:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3482:
3471:
3466:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3415:
3378:
3373:
3299:Auction software
3228:
3227:
2993:
2992:
2970:
2969:
2804:Calor licitantis
2733:porcelain vase.
2710:Bidding strategy
2676:Charity auctions
2518:Fish auction in
2445:storage facility
2417:debt obligations
2359:spectrum auction
2167:
2166:
2147:Calcutta auction
2070:Winner selection
1971:Price of bidding
1936:absolute auction
1818:
1817:
1791:Japanese auction
1752:Scottish auction
1659:Multiple Buyers
1631:
1630:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1506:
1505:
1492:Robert B. Wilson
1429:In 2008, the US
1410:in New York for
1400:bronze sculpture
1345:via the internet
1300:auction catalogs
1156:Elizabeth Farren
1132:conquered Rome.
1110:Praetorian Guard
1024:emission trading
955:. The branch of
922:
907:
900:
893:
537:
536:
527:
520:
513:
458:Price of anarchy
308:Calor licitantis
60:
37:
36:
21:
9128:
9127:
9123:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9117:
9103:
9102:
9101:
9096:
9043:The Last Supper
9010:
9004:
8990:Primitive music
8900:Folk instrument
8875:Family folklore
8865:Ethnomusicology
8860:Ethnochoreology
8827:
8824:
8817:
8738:Plastic objects
8723:Performance art
8708:Panel paintings
8703:Painting frames
8668:Leather objects
8588:Ceramic objects
8560:
8557:
8555:
8554:and restoration
8553:
8546:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8498:and restoration
8497:
8490:
8456:Paper splitting
8371:Aging (artwork)
8363:
8357:
8343:Preservationist
8265:
8259:
8115:Digital library
7967:
7961:
7952:
7921:
7866:
7845:
7831:Klemperer, Paul
7801:
7799:Further reading
7738:
7720:
7699:
7680:
7675:
7674:
7665:
7663:
7652:
7651:
7647:
7618:(10): 914β933.
7604:
7600:
7561:
7557:
7532:
7528:
7495:
7491:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7456:
7434:
7430:
7420:
7418:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7395:
7393:
7385:
7384:
7380:
7371:
7369:
7360:
7359:
7355:
7346:
7323:
7313:
7311:
7301:
7297:
7265:
7259:
7255:
7245:
7243:
7234:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7217:
7179:
7175:
7152:
7148:
7117:
7113:
7081:
7075:
7071:
7048:
7044:
7021:
7017:
6980:
6976:
6943:10.2307/1911865
6923:
6919:
6896:10.2307/1879431
6876:
6872:
6850:
6846:
6824:
6820:
6812:
6810:
6797:
6793:
6783:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6730:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6710:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6644:
6640:
6625:
6621:
6612:
6610:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6587:
6585:
6575:
6571:
6561:
6559:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6538:
6514:
6510:
6471:
6467:
6432:
6428:
6399:
6395:
6360:
6353:
6338:
6334:
6329:Forest Auctions
6327:
6323:
6314:
6310:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6227:
6223:
6214:
6212:
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6158:
6156:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6129:thenewleam.com/
6123:
6122:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6096:
6092:
6082:
6080:
6078:Hindustan Times
6072:
6071:
6067:
6053:
6049:
6039:
6037:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5952:
5948:
5917:
5913:
5903:
5901:
5890:
5886:
5876:
5874:
5867:
5863:
5853:
5851:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5803:
5794:
5792:
5791:. 14 April 2016
5787:
5786:
5782:
5740:
5727:
5721:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5653:
5649:
5637:
5631:
5627:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5581:
5577:
5554:
5550:
5510:
5495:
5488:
5466:
5462:
5455:
5433:
5429:
5400:
5396:
5387:
5385:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5306:
5302:
5269:
5265:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5234:
5232:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5209:
5207:
5205:Huffington Post
5197:
5193:
5186:
5182:
5161:(34): 115β141.
5151:
5147:
5131:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5083:
5064:
5053:
5047:
5021:
5012:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4935:
4931:
4923:10.1.1.715.9582
4914:
4910:
4902:
4900:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4839:
4832:
4828:
4797:
4793:
4759:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4738:
4733:Wayback Machine
4724:
4720:
4711:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4687:
4685:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4638:
4634:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4546:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4506:
4502:
4486:
4480:
4473:
4458:
4426:
4422:
4407:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4361:Charles Riley.
4359:
4355:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4288:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4163:(36): 269β308.
4157:Economic Policy
4153:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4101:
4097:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3984:
3980:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3913:
3909:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3878:
3876:
3864:
3860:
3844:10.18737/M76K6J
3831:Southern Spaces
3823:
3819:
3811:
3809:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3767:
3765:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3742:
3741:on May 22, 2008
3731:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3716:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3581:
3579:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3541:
3514:Ancient Society
3510:
3506:
3499:
3483:
3474:
3467:
3458:
3451:
3447:
3416:
3381:
3374:
3357:
3352:
3289:Auction Network
3275:
3257:
3225:
3224:
3076:auction sniping
3030:Buyer's premium
2990:
2989:
2967:
2966:
2938:
2918:
2883:
2867:
2862:
2816:
2808:Suicide bidding
2795:Auction sniping
2723:
2718:
2712:
2680:benefit concert
2672:
2602:
2568:Online auctions
2565:
2559:
2557:Online auctions
2543:New South Wales
2465:
2456:Auction Hunters
2429:debt obligation
2409:Police auctions
2373:
2367:
2299:
2291:player auctions
2218:A slave auction
2212:
2210:Commodification
2206:
2197:
2191:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2126:
2087:Vickrey auction
2080:Chinese auction
2072:
2051:
2031:
2003:
1995:Chinese auction
1977:all-pay auction
1973:
1952:reserve auction
1945:reserve auction
1928:
1920:Vickrey auction
1854:The auction in
1848:
1835:Vickrey auction
1813:
1812:
1809:
1761:
1732:English auction
1720:
1712:
1663:Forward auction
1653:Reverse auction
1595:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1515:Reverse auction
1510:Forward auction
1504:
1480:
1474:
1386:
1373:online auctions
1341:
1313:enslaved people
1145:
1118:Didius Julianus
1106:Marcus Aurelius
1080:reverse auction
1076:forward auction
1055:
1050:
1032:
957:economic theory
917:
911:
839:Liaison officer
746:Nuclear warfare
730:Multilateralism
670:Just war theory
531:
502:
472:
437:
342:
338:Tacit collusion
287:
203:Multi-attribute
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9126:
9116:
9115:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9038:
9029:
9020:
9014:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8975:Living history
8972:
8967:
8962:
8960:Language death
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8895:Folk etymology
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8845:Dance notation
8842:
8837:
8831:
8829:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8758:Silver objects
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8564:
8562:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8542:Outdoor murals
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8466:Rissverklebung
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8381:Arrested decay
8378:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8364:and techniques
8359:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8155:Heritage asset
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
8000:Bioarchaeology
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7971:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7951:
7950:
7943:
7936:
7928:
7919:
7918:
7907:
7869:
7864:
7851:
7843:
7827:
7816:Chisholm, Hugh
7800:
7797:
7796:
7795:
7764:
7754:(3): 529β548.
7741:
7736:
7723:
7718:
7702:
7697:
7689:Auction Theory
7684:
7679:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7645:
7598:
7555:
7544:(3): 468β485.
7526:
7507:(3): 197β207.
7489:
7475:
7461:
7454:
7428:
7416:eProperty News
7403:
7378:
7353:
7321:
7295:
7253:
7227:
7199:10.1086/261885
7193:(3): 518β538.
7173:
7162:(1): 374β402.
7146:
7127:(2): 125β141.
7111:
7092:(2): 749β787.
7069:
7042:
7031:(9): iv-1519.
7015:
6994:(1): 191β202.
6974:
6917:
6890:(3): 488β500.
6870:
6844:
6834:(4): 244β249,
6818:
6802:(2005-07-26),
6791:
6765:
6740:
6714:
6708:
6690:
6684:
6666:
6660:
6638:
6619:
6595:
6569:
6543:
6536:
6508:
6481:(2): 353β369.
6465:
6426:
6393:
6374:(2): 457β486.
6351:
6332:
6321:
6308:
6305:on 2005-04-28.
6286:
6241:(3): 488β521.
6221:
6196:
6166:
6141:
6116:
6090:
6065:
6047:
6021:
5996:
5971:
5946:
5933:10.2307/146326
5927:(2): 279β298.
5911:
5884:
5861:
5836:
5812:
5801:
5780:
5754:(4): 715β733,
5725:
5719:
5701:
5694:
5672:
5647:
5625:
5594:
5575:
5548:
5520:(5): 814β833,
5493:
5486:
5460:
5453:
5427:
5394:
5365:
5351:
5333:
5300:
5263:
5242:
5216:
5191:
5180:
5145:
5119:
5113:
5105:Ocala, Florida
5091:
5076:CCIM Institute
5051:
5045:
5033:Ocala, Florida
5010:
4963:
4949:
4929:
4908:
4848:
4837:
4826:
4791:
4772:(4): 344β357.
4747:
4736:
4718:
4693:
4666:
4652:
4632:
4611:
4600:
4586:
4555:
4526:
4516:(5): 373β384,
4500:
4471:
4456:
4420:
4405:
4379:
4353:
4342:(3): 227β286.
4319:
4295:
4270:
4259:
4208:
4182:
4147:
4123:
4106:(2007-06-07),
4095:
4060:
4023:
4005:
3998:
3978:
3926:
3907:
3885:
3858:
3817:
3790:
3778:
3750:
3724:
3694:
3681:
3668:
3661:
3641:
3634:
3614:
3607:
3587:
3555:
3539:
3504:
3497:
3472:
3456:
3445:
3426:(2): 699β738.
3379:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Online auction
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Auction theory
3301:
3296:
3294:Auction school
3291:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3046:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:auction school
3001:
2998:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2937:
2934:
2917:
2914:
2882:
2879:
2875:United Kingdom
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2815:
2812:
2780:winner's curse
2767:winner's curse
2722:
2721:By the bidders
2719:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2670:Other contexts
2668:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2598:
2570:are a form of
2563:Online auction
2561:Main article:
2558:
2555:
2464:
2461:
2366:
2363:
2298:
2295:
2205:
2202:
2190:
2187:
2165:silent auction
2158:
2157:Other features
2155:
2139:French auction
2125:
2122:
2071:
2068:
2055:buyout auction
2050:
2047:
2030:
2027:
2022:Yankee auction
2002:
1999:
1991:top-up auction
1986:senior auction
1972:
1969:
1927:
1924:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1788:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1671:
1670:
1668:Double auction
1665:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:Single Seller
1634:
1616:
1615:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1520:Double auction
1517:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1484:Auction theory
1473:
1470:
1454:Salvator Mundi
1406:" was sold at
1385:
1382:
1353:Yankee auction
1340:
1337:
1254:James Christie
1213:London Gazette
1144:
1143:Modern revival
1141:
1137:Buddhist monks
1087:Ancient Greece
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1031:
1028:
1004:radio spectrum
961:auction theory
913:
912:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
884:
883:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
835:
834:
829:
819:
814:
812:Family therapy
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
776:
775:
771:
770:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
740:
739:
735:
734:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
694:
693:
687:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
672:
667:
662:
657:
649:
648:
642:
641:
640:
639:
631:
630:
626:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
602:
601:
599:Party-directed
591:
590:
589:
584:
579:
569:
564:
559:
551:
550:
544:
543:
533:
532:
530:
529:
522:
515:
507:
504:
503:
501:
500:
495:
490:
484:
481:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
468:Winner's curse
465:
460:
455:
449:
446:
445:
439:
438:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
354:
351:
350:
344:
343:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
296:
295:
289:
288:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
94:
93:
88:
83:
72:
69:
68:
62:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9125:
9114:
9111:
9110:
9108:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9072:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9030:
9028:
9026:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9007:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8905:Folk medicine
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8835:Ancient music
8833:
8832:
8830:
8826:
8820:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8768:Stained glass
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8748:Road vehicles
8746:
8744:
8743:Rail vehicles
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8693:New media art
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8653:Ivory objects
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8633:Human remains
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8623:Glass objects
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8559:
8549:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8507:
8503:
8500:of immovable
8493:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8401:Desmet method
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:and expertise
8262:
8256:
8255:Web archiving
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8165:Inherent vice
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7964:
7960:
7956:
7949:
7944:
7942:
7937:
7935:
7930:
7929:
7926:
7922:
7915:
7914:
7908:
7903:
7899:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7870:
7867:
7861:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7846:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7803:
7802:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7771:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7748:
7742:
7739:
7733:
7729:
7724:
7721:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7706:Milgrom, Paul
7703:
7700:
7694:
7690:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7662:on 2009-01-06
7661:
7657:
7656:
7649:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7602:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7559:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7538:
7530:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7493:
7485:
7479:
7471:
7465:
7457:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7432:
7417:
7413:
7407:
7392:
7391:www.iol.co.za
7388:
7382:
7368:on 2012-02-22
7367:
7363:
7357:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7310:
7306:
7299:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7276:(2): 90β100.
7275:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7241:
7237:
7231:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7150:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7115:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7065:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7046:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7019:
7011:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6978:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6921:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6848:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6822:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6795:
6779:
6775:
6769:
6754:
6750:
6744:
6728:
6724:
6718:
6711:
6705:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6681:
6677:
6670:
6663:
6657:
6652:
6651:
6642:
6634:
6630:
6623:
6609:
6608:inglis.com.au
6605:
6599:
6584:
6580:
6573:
6558:on 2013-11-13
6557:
6553:
6547:
6539:
6537:9780262301503
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6512:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6421:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6397:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6358:
6356:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6330:
6325:
6318:
6312:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6290:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6225:
6211:
6207:
6200:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6105:
6101:
6094:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6051:
6036:. 1 July 2017
6035:
6031:
6025:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5992:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5975:
5959:
5958:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5915:
5899:
5895:
5888:
5872:
5865:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5805:
5790:
5784:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5722:
5716:
5712:
5705:
5697:
5695:0-444-51239-X
5691:
5687:
5683:
5676:
5658:
5651:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5615:on 2016-06-29
5611:
5604:
5598:
5590:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5489:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5464:
5456:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5398:
5384:on 2020-01-27
5383:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5361:
5355:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5295:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5189:
5184:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5141:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5082:on 2010-10-31
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5048:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5028:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4952:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4933:
4924:
4919:
4912:
4899:on 2007-09-11
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4830:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4758:
4751:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4708:on 2013-01-17
4707:
4703:
4697:
4684:on 2008-12-17
4683:
4679:
4678:
4670:
4655:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4636:
4627:
4622:
4615:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4545:on 2019-04-30
4544:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4457:1-58113-679-X
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4439:10.1.1.1.1755
4435:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:Marine Policy
4212:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3982:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3949:(10): 22β31.
3948:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3895:The Economist
3889:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3808:on 2008-06-07
3807:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3764:
3763:Christies.com
3760:
3754:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3578:on 2008-05-17
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:Auction house
3282:
3280:
3279:Auction chant
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2984:Auction house
2982:
2979:
2976:
2975:Auction chant
2973:
2968:Auction block
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2908:'s companies
2907:
2902:
2901:reserve price
2898:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2660:
2659:CryptoKitties
2656:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2346:estate agents
2343:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:reserve price
2320:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:Fattigauktion
2245:
2244:child auction
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:slave markets
2225:
2216:
2211:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2049:Buyout option
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1965:discretionary
1962:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:reserve price
1937:
1933:
1926:Reserve price
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1856:Oulu, Finland
1852:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:Dutch auction
1816:
1811:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:Dutch auction
1771:
1770:
1765:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1683:Dutch auction
1679:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:Single Buyer
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1599:
1596:
1569:
1566:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1335:from Africa.
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:auction house
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1164:James Gillray
1161:
1158:and huntsman
1157:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1093:. During the
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
927:
926:auction chant
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:Peacebuilding
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:Peace process
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
773:
772:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
742:
741:
737:
736:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
695:
692:
689:
688:
681:
678:
677:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
665:De-escalation
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:
650:
647:
644:
643:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
628:
627:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
588:
587:Collaborative
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
538:
528:
523:
521:
516:
514:
509:
508:
506:
505:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
482:
479:
476:
475:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
453:Digital goods
451:
450:
448:
447:
444:
441:
440:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
352:
349:
346:
345:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
298:
297:
294:
291:
290:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
253:Uniform price
251:
249:
248:Traffic light
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:Combinatorial
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
113:Best/not best
111:
109:
108:Barter double
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
9070:
9042:
9033:
9024:
8915:Folk process
8870:Ethnopoetics
8828:preservation
8688:Neon objects
8561:by item type
8552:Conservation
8505:by item type
8496:Conservation
8446:Overpainting
8406:Display case
8235:Repatriation
7920:
7912:
7877:
7873:
7855:
7834:
7819:
7774:
7768:
7751:
7745:
7727:
7709:
7688:
7664:, retrieved
7660:the original
7654:
7648:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7568:
7564:
7558:
7541:
7535:
7529:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7478:
7464:
7437:
7431:
7419:. Retrieved
7415:
7406:
7394:. Retrieved
7390:
7381:
7370:. Retrieved
7366:the original
7356:
7312:. Retrieved
7308:
7298:
7273:
7269:
7256:
7244:. Retrieved
7239:
7230:
7218:. Retrieved
7190:
7186:
7176:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7124:
7120:
7114:
7089:
7085:
7072:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7028:
7024:
7018:
6991:
6987:
6977:
6952:10419/220807
6934:
6931:Econometrica
6930:
6920:
6887:
6883:
6873:
6860:(1): 76β84,
6857:
6853:
6847:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6811:, retrieved
6807:
6794:
6782:. Retrieved
6778:the original
6768:
6756:. Retrieved
6752:
6743:
6731:. Retrieved
6726:
6717:
6699:
6693:
6675:
6669:
6649:
6641:
6632:
6622:
6611:. Retrieved
6607:
6598:
6586:. Retrieved
6582:
6572:
6560:. Retrieved
6556:the original
6546:
6518:
6511:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6443:
6439:
6429:
6410:
6406:
6396:
6371:
6367:
6345:
6341:
6335:
6324:
6316:
6311:
6303:the original
6298:
6289:
6238:
6234:
6224:
6213:. Retrieved
6209:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6183:the original
6178:
6169:
6157:. Retrieved
6153:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6128:
6119:
6109:26 September
6107:. Retrieved
6103:
6093:
6083:26 September
6081:. Retrieved
6077:
6068:
6059:
6050:
6038:. Retrieved
6034:The Guardian
6033:
6024:
6012:. Retrieved
6008:
5999:
5990:
5984:
5974:
5962:. Retrieved
5956:
5949:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5902:. Retrieved
5897:
5887:
5875:. Retrieved
5864:
5852:. Retrieved
5848:
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5824:
5815:
5804:
5793:. Retrieved
5783:
5751:
5747:
5710:
5704:
5685:
5675:
5663:. Retrieved
5650:
5641:
5635:"Lecture 12"
5628:
5617:. Retrieved
5610:the original
5597:
5588:
5578:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5517:
5513:
5469:
5463:
5436:
5430:
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2634:Thoroughbred
2614:collectibles
2607:car auctions
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2535:wine auction
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2483:at auction,
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2450:Storage Wars
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2039:Rank auction
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1488:Paul Milgrom
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1200:Samuel Pepys
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1095:Roman Empire
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990:, expensive
988:collectibles
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859:Peace treaty
710:Brinkmanship
567:Conciliation
561:
388:Domain names
243:Single-price
143:Common value
49:
9071:H.L. Hunley
8850:Early music
8798:Vinyl discs
8793:Totem poles
8728:Photographs
8673:Lighthouses
8663:Lacquerware
8618:Fur objects
8556:of movable
8486:VisualAudio
8431:Leafcasting
8376:Anastylosis
8323:Mount maker
8283:Art handler
8140:Finding aid
7990:Archaeology
7880:: 150β177.
7777:(1): 8β37.
7571:: 150β177.
6733:26 November
6727:VentureBeat
6317:Prime sheep
6159:5 September
6134:5 September
5535:1721.1/7468
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4807:(4): 7β39.
4283:artnet News
4195:Realtor Mag
4076:(3): 5β28.
3520:: 153β181.
3319:Game theory
3314:Foreclosure
3095:real estate
2936:Terminology
2906:Rael Levitt
2824:bid-rigging
2784:bid shading
2775:Bid shading
2771:bid shading
2688:reinsurance
2531:commodities
2405:foreclosure
2403:, or under
2315:real estate
2224:commodified
1829:procurement
1807:Single shot
1785:Netherlands
1740:real estate
1614:for buyers
1496:Nobel Prize
1435:real estate
1283:(1805) and
1012:real estate
996:commodities
874:Rule of man
869:Peacemaking
822:Game theory
700:Appeasement
616:Negotiation
582:Rule of law
557:Arbitration
548:Nonviolence
103:Anglo-Dutch
86:Bidding fee
8910:Folk music
8890:Folk dance
8823:Intangible
8421:Inpainting
8288:Auctioneer
8278:Art dealer
8230:Provenance
8035:Collecting
7968:and issues
7678:References
7666:2008-06-25
7372:2012-12-26
7314:27 January
7246:11 October
6813:2008-06-19
6784:26 January
6758:27 January
6613:2019-07-16
6588:26 January
6215:2021-08-27
6189:9 December
5904:26 January
5877:26 January
5854:26 January
5830:2019-07-16
5795:2017-03-29
5665:28 January
5619:2016-05-24
5591:. 2012β02.
5388:2020-02-07
5294:10256/9601
5210:2011-04-27
5142:: 381β392.
5086:2009-06-25
4956:22 October
4903:2008-06-26
4712:2012-12-26
4688:2009-01-09
4579:19 January
4549:2019-04-30
4372:13 October
4313:2020-11-20
4289:2020-11-20
4224:: 104266.
4142:2008-06-20
4118:2008-06-20
4053:29 January
3923:. 1994β12.
3879:2019-04-28
3812:2008-06-21
3768:3 December
3759:"About Us"
3745:2008-06-21
3719:2008-06-21
3582:2008-06-22
3572:Auctioneer
3226:Sealed bid
3062:Commission
2991:Auctioneer
2854:signalling
2743:Christie's
2714:See also:
2663:blockchain
2657:Some rare
2572:E-commerce
2479:Grass-fed
2419:, such as
2397:courthouse
2369:See also:
2193:See also:
1476:See also:
1462:Christie's
1437:auctions.
1250:Christie's
1160:Lord Derby
1022:packages,
969:auctioneer
725:Deterrence
358:Algorithms
258:Unique bid
213:No-reserve
18:Auctioneer
9025:Ecce Homo
8920:Folk play
8773:Taxidermy
8718:Parchment
8698:Paintings
8273:Archivist
7902:182223089
7593:182223089
7290:0167-6245
7215:153700986
7207:0022-3808
7141:154343127
7058:: 16β29.
7010:0895-3309
6961:0012-9682
6635:. London.
6633:The Times
6495:1058-6407
6460:0025-1909
6388:0022-0515
6299:ABC Rural
6104:Sportstar
6040:30 August
6014:30 August
5776:153682553
5768:0095-2583
5564:: 16β24.
5544:1526-5501
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4918:CiteSeerX
4893:1526-5501
4659:29 August
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4434:CiteSeerX
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4246:0308-597X
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3195:art sales
3180:bidding).
3129:Increment
3043:sales tax
2961:Appraisal
2820:collusion
2814:Collusion
2758:Katehakis
2739:art sales
2735:Porcelain
2590:collusive
2539:livestock
2327:Melbourne
2311:Australia
2275:virginity
2124:Cascading
2091:Proxy bid
2064:permanent
2060:temporary
1825:tendering
1466:Sotheby's
1408:Sotheby's
1397:Roman-era
1365:Linde plc
1281:Freeman's
1265:Dorotheum
1242:Sotheby's
1204:Admiralty
1102:liquidate
1072:Herodotus
1030:Etymology
1008:used cars
1000:livestock
984:paintings
807:Democracy
720:Diplomacy
715:Ceasefire
705:Armistice
629:Workplace
594:Mediation
423:Virginity
278:Walrasian
208:Multiunit
118:Brazilian
98:Amsterdam
9113:Auctions
9107:Category
9011:projects
8925:Foodways
8885:Folk art
8880:Folklore
8778:Textiles
8628:Herbaria
8603:Feathers
8568:Aircraft
8426:Kintsugi
8250:Treasure
7833:(2004),
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7708:(2004),
7640:17566972
7521:11716244
7421:13 March
7396:13 March
7106:29783689
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6281:16101212
6273:25506125
6255:43186429
6009:NBC News
5964:4 August
5175:20075949
5005:26571660
4821:31932319
4786:17613279
4729:Archived
4497:: 89β99.
4308:Statista
4090:62190885
3677:Folklore
3534:44080266
3273:See also
3187:dealers.
3082:eBidding
2950:Malaysia
2705:schemes.
2520:Honolulu
2335:low-ball
2240:scramble
2189:Contexts
1956:reserves
1895:combined
1287:(1826).
1279:(1796),
1275:(1793),
1267:(1707),
1263:(1681),
1196:footrace
1126:beheaded
1122:drachmas
1114:Pertinax
1020:vacation
980:antiques
976:contexts
945:services
646:Violence
611:Pacifism
498:Software
488:Ebidding
413:Spectrum
378:Children
348:Contexts
228:Scottish
198:Knapsack
193:Japanese
123:Calcutta
50:Auctions
42:a series
40:Part of
9009:Notable
8713:Papyrus
8658:Judaica
8517:Frescos
8362:Methods
8313:Curator
7995:Archive
7882:Bibcode
7818:(ed.).
7791:2977633
7620:Bibcode
7573:Bibcode
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7240:Art@Law
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6348:: 20β3.
6264:4262968
4873:Bibcode
4466:1868153
4415:7466904
4226:Bibcode
4201:21 June
4177:1344658
3951:Bibcode
3440:2726107
3233:Sniping
3024:NP-Hard
3017:Bidding
2946:Malacca
2889:Lovejoy
2873:In the
2833:In the
2731:meiping
2279:Cricket
2171:charity
1393:Artemis
1325:Tobacco
1321:Colonel
1292:taverns
1273:Bonhams
1222:taverns
1048:History
986:, rare
934:auction
738:Nuclear
680:studies
562:Auction
393:Flowers
383:Players
373:Charity
333:Suicide
328:Sniping
323:Rigging
303:Shading
293:Bidding
268:Vickrey
223:Reverse
173:Forward
168:English
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1626:seller
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1369:Brazil
1333:slaves
1246:London
1234:Sweden
1036:auctus
478:Online
443:Theory
418:Stamps
408:Slaves
283:Yankee
178:French
158:Double
128:Candle
91:Dollar
8264:Roles
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949:bids
428:Wine
403:Scam
318:Jump
218:Rank
7890:doi
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7779:doi
7756:doi
7628:doi
7581:doi
7569:127
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7509:doi
7442:doi
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6259:PMC
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