Atlanta in the American Civil War

1158:... On the 2d of September, at 6 a. m., under orders from Brigadier-General Ward, I marched on a reconnaissance from Turners Ferry to find the position of the enemy toward Atlanta. I had under my command 900 infantry, composed of 500 men of my brigade, commanded by Captain Crawford, Eighty-fifth Indiana; Captain Baldwin, Nineteenth Michigan; Captain May, Twenty-second Wisconsin, and Lieutenant Freeland, Thirty-third Indiana, and 400 of the Third Brigade, under command of Major Wickham, Fifty-fifth Ohio, together with 40 mounted men under Captain Scott, Seventieth Indiana. Two hundred and forty men were thrown forward as skirmishers and flankers, and so advanced without opposition until we reached the earth-works recently abandoned by us near Atlanta. Here, after a short delay, occasioned by a slight skirmish with a few mounted men and sentinels, we proceeded through the lines of the enemy's works, finding them abandoned. A brigade of the enemy's cavalry was found to be in the city and we advanced cautiously. I was met in the suburbs by Mr. Calhoun, the mayor, with a committee of citizens bearing a flag of truce. He surrendered the city to me, saying he only asked protection for persons and property. This was at 11 a. m. I asked him if the rebel cavalry was yet in the city. He replied that Ferguson's brigade was there, but on the point of leaving. I replied that my force was moving into the city and that unless that force retired there would be a fight in which neither person nor property would be safe, and that if necessary I would burn the houses of citizens to dislodge the enemy; that I did not otherwise intend to injure persons or property of the citizens unless used against us. I ordered my skirmishers to advance, and they proceeded through the city, the cavalry rapidly evacuating the place. I at once sent dispatches to Brigadier-General Ward, at Turners Ferry, and to Major-General Slocum, at the railroad bridge, of the occupation of the city by my command. General Slocum came at once to the city. Immediately preceding him came a portion of the First and Second Divisions of the Twentieth Corps. General Ward directed a portion of my brigade to move up from Turners Ferry, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Bloodgood, Twenty-second Wisconsin, which reached Atlanta about sunset, and the remainder, under Major Miller, the next morning. Soon after General Slocum's arrival he directed me to move my command, which then occupied the works of the enemy on the southeastern part of the city, to the right of the Augusta railroad. This was done, and General Knipe's brigade was posted on the left of the road in single line, deployed at intervals of three paces. Here the brigade has remained in camp until this date. The command captured 123 prisoners, including those in hospital. Some 200 small-arms were found in the City Hall, and about 16 pieces of artillery abandoned in the works and burned with the train of cars. The ammunition abandoned had been fired in the night and continued to explode with loud reports after we had entered the city in the forts and among the ruins of the burning shops and buildings where it had been deposited. The works of the enemy were left almost perfect, and there seemed to have been no attempt at destruction of anything but of the material of war. As we passed through the streets many of the citizens ran gladly out to meet us, welcoming us as deliverers from the despotism of the Confederacy; others regarded us with apprehension and begged to be spared from robbery. I assured them they would be safe from this. Many of the buildings were found to be much injured by our artillery, but such as will be needed for public use can be taken at once with slight repairs. My command on the reconnaissance behaved with remarkable promptness and energy, and deserved to be first, as they were, of our army to enter the city. The losses in this time are 5 killed and 22 wounded. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant 1514:... I reached Atlanta during the afternoon of the 14th, and found that all preparations had been made-Colonel Beckwith, chief commissary, reporting one million two hundred thousand rations in possession of the troops, which was about twenty days' supply, and he had on hand a good supply of beef-cattle to be driven along on the hoof. Of forage, the supply was limited, being of oats and corn enough for five days, but I knew that within that time we would reach a country well stocked with corn, which had been gathered and stored in cribs, seemingly for our use, by Governor Brown's militia. Colonel Poe , United States Engineers, of my staff, had been busy in his special task of destruction. He had a large force at work, had leveled the great depot, round house, and the machine-shops of the Georgia Railroad, and had applied fire to the wreck. One of these machine-shops had been used by the rebels as an arsenal, and in it were stored piles of shot and shell, some of which proved to be loaded, and that night was made hideous by the bursting of shells, whose fragments came uncomfortably, near Judge Lyon's house, in which I was quartered. The fire also reached the block of stores near the depot, and the heart of the city was in flames all night, but the fire did not reach the parts of Atlanta where the court-house was, or the great mass of dwelling houses. 1429:

make for Charleston, Savannah, or the mouth of the Apalachicola". On that same day, he notified Col. Amos Beckwith in Atlanta that "Hood will escape me. I want to prepare for my big raid. On the 1st of November I want nothing but what is necessary to war. Send all trash to the rear at once and have on hand thirty days food and but little forage. I propose to abandon Atlanta and the railroad back to Chattanooga, and sally forth to ruin Georgia and bring up on the seashore. Make all dispositions accordingly. I will go down the Coosa until sure that Hood has gone to Blue Mountain." Additionally, he notified Col. L. C. Easton in Chattanooga, "Go in person to superintend the repairs of the railroad, and make all orders in my name that will expedite its completion. I want it finished to bring back to Chattanooga the sick, wounded, and surplus trash. On the 1st of November I want nothing in front of Chattanooga save what we can use as food and clothing and haul in our wagons. There is plenty of corn in the country, and we only want forage for the posts. I allow ten days to do all this, by which time I expect to be near Atlanta."

1128:... About 2 o'clock that night the sounds of heavy explosions were heard in the direction of Atlanta, distant about twenty miles, with a succession of minor explosions and what seemed like the rapid firing of cannon and musketry. These continued about an hour, and again about 4 a.m. occurred another series of similar discharges apparently nearer us, and these sounds could be accounted for on no other hypothesis than of a night attack on Atlanta by General Slocum or the blowing up of the enemy s magazines. Nevertheless at daybreak, on finding the enemy gone from his lines at Jonesborough, I ordered a general pursuit south, General Thomas following to the left of the railroad, General Howard on its right, and General Schofield keeping off about two miles to the east. We overtook the enemy again near Lovejoy's Station in a strong intrenched position, with his flanks well protected behind a branch of Walnut Creek to the right and a confluent of the Flint River to his left. We pushed close up and reconnoitered the ground and found he had evidently halted to cover his communication with the McDonough and Fayetteville road. 1113: 1441:

buildings and areas of the city assigned to them and the railroad. The plan of destruction was to include the buildings to be destroyed, the method and manpower needed and time estimates to complete the work. The 33rd Massachusetts was to destroy the area around Whitehall and Peachtree. The 2nd Massachusetts was assigned the Car Shed and structures to its east while the 111th Pennsylvania would target things to the Northwest including the Western and Atlantic roundhouse and gasworks. In addition to these troops, four regiments of the XXIII Corps would tear up railroad tracks in the city. The plan of destruction as drawn up by Col. Cogswell and his provost marshals did not include any private homes. On November 7, Gen. Sherman sent instruction to Capt. Poe to:

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assets. On Nov. 10, Gen.l Corse to move from Rome, GA, to Atlanta, Gen. Davis was to begin moving from the area of Kinston, GA, towards Atlanta on Nov. 12. General Corse was ordered to "destroy to-night all public property not needed by your command, all foundries, mills, workshops, warehouses, railroad depots, or other store-houses convenient to the railroad, together with all wagon-shops, tanneries, or other factories useful to our enemy. Destroy the bridges completely, and then move your command to-morrow to Kingston and beyond, passing General Davis command," On Nov. 11, 1864, Capt. Poe, in Atlanta, received instructions from Gen. Sherman, "You may commence the work of destruction at once, but don't use fire until toward the last moment."

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holes. The railroads within the limits of the old rebel defenses were destroyed by tearing up the rail, piling up the ties, and after putting the rails across them firing the wood which heated the iron and then the rails were twisted. The rails were torn up by using a small but very strong iron "cant hook," devised by myself, and after they were heated were twisted by applying the same hooks at each end of each rail in twisting the iron bar around its horizontal axis, being careful to give the rail at least a half turn. The length of railroad destroyed in this manner, within the limits indicated above, was about ten miles. The depot, car sheds, machine shops, and water tanks were also destroyed.

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appraisements and report the same to the engineer officer (Captain Grant) for transmission to the Engineer Bureau. That office will have the appraisement examined and make such indorsements thereon as may be thought just and proper, and then forward them to the Attorney-General, whose duty it is by law to examine them, and, if the claims be well founded, to ask Congress to appropriate for their payment. Should the two appraisers fail to agree they must choose a third as umpire. In each case the property damaged should be described with care. I would like to have the indorsements of yourself and Captain Grant on the appraisements before they are forwarded to the Engineer Bureau.

657:. Captain Grant planned "a cordon of enclosed works, within supporting distance of each other", with twelve to fifteen strong forts sited specially for artillery and connected by infantry entrenchments in a perimeter "between 10 and 12 miles in extent". Gilmer gave Grant the approval to develop a plan to ring Atlanta with forts and earthworks along the key approaches to the city. Gilmer advised that the earthen forts should be connected by a line of rifle pits, with ditches, felled timbers or other obstruction to impede an infantry charge. Gilmer also suggested that the perimeter should be "far enough from the town to prevent the enemy coming within bombarding distance" 1784:

possible, with one mind commence to extricate ourselves from the ruin detailed upon us ..." In a second article published on Dec. 22, 1864, the paper's editors reported that: "As you reach the city limits, you see the awful effects of one vast extended conflagration. A city destroyed by FIRE! Two-thirds at least devoured by flames. Doomed to utter desolation, one-third of Atlanta still lives. This will be the nucleus, the cornerstone, the foundation upon which the city will again be restored. Of this, more anon." The article goes on to describe, street by street, some of the destruction the editors of the paper witnessed.

1388:, section 3, ordered the chief engineer, Capt. Orlando M. Poe to construct new defensive works around Atlanta. Capt. Poe first evaluated the existing Confederate fortifications. Finding them too extensive for the number of troops planned to garrison Atlanta, Capt. Poe designed a new set of fortifications. The new line was less than three miles in length along a system of heights nearer the center of town. This new line passed through the northern part of town rendering the destruction of a great many buildings necessary. Gen. Sherman approved of the plan but instructed Capt. Poe not to begin construction. 702: 1743:

several churches were destroyed. In addition to the destruction caused by the war, Gen. Howard notes that: "There were about 250 wagons in the city on my arrival, loading with pilfered plunder; pianoes, mirrors, furniture of all kinds, iron, hides without number, and an incalculable amount of other things, very valuable at the present time. This exportation of stolen property had been going on ever since the place had been abandoned by the enemy. Bushwhackers, robbers and deserters, and citizens from the surrounding country for a distance of fifty miles have been engaged in this dirty work."

1831: 599: 692: 1476: 1372: 1328:, "The city of Atlanta, being exclusively required for warlike purposes, will at once be vacated by all except the armies of the United States". The order also instructs the chief engineer to survey the city for the permanent defense and to mark all structures that stand in his way to be set apart for destruction. The order also prohibited soldiers from occupying any house. The order allowed soldiers to "use boards, shingles, or materials of buildings, barns, sheds, warehouses, and shanties" to build their own quarters. 1296: 1288: 121: 1843: 1018: 4832: 619: 399: 1057:

about 3,000 solid shot and shell to-day, and have got from Chattanooga four 4-1/2 Inch rifled guns, and will try their effect. Our right is below Utoy Creek. I will intrench it and the flanks and study time ground a little more before adopting a new plan. We have had considerable rain, but on the whole the weather is healthy. Colonel Capron, of Stoneman's command, with several squads of men are in at Marietta, and will reduce his loss below 1,000.

1640:, having been north of Atlanta in Rome, reached Atlanta on the morning of November 15. The corps bivouacked in the suburbs of the city. The remainder of the day and night was spent in issuing clothing to the men, filling up empty wagons with provisions, equalizing and assigning trains to the different commands with a view to rapid marching. The XIV Corps left Atlanta on the 16th, taking the Decatur Rd, passed through Decatur and then moved to 24: 4842: 1683:"all the houses on Marietta Street are burned except a short space from Dr. Powell's to Robinson's house, opposite the state depot. Except Norcross's mills, L. Dean's and B. O. Jones's, no houses are burned on Peachtree Street, beyond Wesley Chapel. Inman's, Holbrook's, Landale's, and Nox buildings are burned. Colonel Glenn and Rawson's dwellings are not burn..." 1348:

be used, and that he will furnish transportation for persons and property as far as Rough and Ready, from whence it is expected General Hood will assist in carrying it on. Like transportation will be furnished for people and property going North, and it is required that all things contemplated by this notice will be carried into execution as soon as possible.

1799:. The paper reported that "many of the old citizens are returning, and the general watchword is repair and rebuild". The article states that "Whit Anderson had opened a barroom on Decatur Street where he serves his customers with dignity and grace and Sid Holland a small grocery on Peachtree Street". The article goes on to describe a city rebuilding. 1702:"You have heard before this that the Federals have burned and evacuated Atlanta, but for information to the refugees and the exiles who have been driven from their homes, allow me to trouble you with a few lines, as all will be anxious to know whether their homes have been spared by the vandal hands." 1609:

The, 4th Division of the XV Corps was north of Atlanta and "by consecutive marches passed through Kingston, Allatoona, and Marietta, and arrived at Atlanta on the morning of the 15th just as the Fifteenth Corps debouched from the town. Twenty days' supplies were loaded on the trains, and the command

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You will please take the detachment now under your orders to the first high chimney (stating locality and building) and throw it down, and continue to work along (stating the route) until you reach (the point designated as the limit of work for this detachment), being careful not to use fire in doing

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On October 20, 1864, General Sherman informed Major-General Thomas of his planned March to the Sea. Part of his plan was to insure that Gen. Thomas had sufficient strength to hold Tennessee, or if Hood followed Sherman into Georgia, Gen. Thomas was instructed to move south as far as Columbus, Miss.,

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Lieut. Col. Le Duc sat behind a table on the porch of Richard Peters house at Mitchell and Forsyth Streets. He began registering and issuing travel permits to the citizens that were evacuating Atlanta to the South. Between September 10 and September 20, Col. Le Duc registered 1,651 individuals. There

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instructed that the population was to assemble at the City Hall for registration on September 12. Those planning to go South were permitted to take wearing apparel, a limited amount of furniture and a small quantity of food. When General Sherman informed General Hood of his intent to evacuate all the

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The shelling of Atlanta continued from July 20 until August 25. In addition to the cannons the Union forces had with them, four 4 1/2-inch siege cannons were brought by rail from Chattanooga. These four cannons began firing on the city on August 10. In total, these four cannons fired over 4,500

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It is not necessary to apply to Richmond concerning the exterior lines. If you have the labor, press them forward at once, particularly on the front. Direct Captain Grant to apply to the Engineer Bureau for all necessary funds. If needed a reasonable supply of intrenching tools, axes, &c., can be

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On October 19, 1864, General Sherman notified Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck that he "now consider myself authorized to execute my plan to destroy the railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta, including the latter city (modified by General Grant from Dalton, & c.), strike out into the heart of Georgia, and

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Each army commander will accept battle on anything like fair terms, but if the army reach within cannon-range of the city without receiving artillery or musketry fire he will halt, form a strong line, with batteries in position, and await orders. If fired on from the forts or buildings of Atlanta no

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The true rule should be to clear away as far as our own guns can (command the ground, well and no farther, as the ranges of the enemy's artillery are generally greater than ours. The work ought to be commenced at once, as it will require some time to complete it; the forest in front of the batteries

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After the Union forces left Atlanta, one of the first Atlantans to return was Zachary Rice. On Nov. 20, 1864, Mr. Rice reported that, "there is not a house standing on Whitehall Street from Rowark's corner to Wesley Chapel on Peachtree Street and on Marietta from the street running from the Baptist

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On November 15, the work of destroying the military assets continued in downtown under Capt. Poe, while the bulk of the Union forces began their "March to the Sea". The Union forces now consisted of approximately 60,000 men divided into two wings; each wing comprised two Corps. The right wing under

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General Sherman instructed Col. Cogswell and Capt. Poe to develop plans for the destruction of Atlanta as a transportation hub and as a war material manufacturing center. In late October Col. Cogswell ordered his officers in the three provost regiments to begin planning the demolition of designated

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Major-General Sherman instructs me to say to you that you must all leave Atlanta; that as many of you as want to go North can do so, and that as many as want to go South can do so, and that all can take with them their movable property, servants included, if they want to go, but that no force is to

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On Sept. 7, General Sherman established his headquarters in the two and one-half-story home of John Neal (1796–1886) located on Washington St. After the Federal troops left Atlanta, it was noted that Sherman had left the "Neal house in excellent condition with the furniture stored in the parlor and

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features of the land and the manning requirements for the fortifications, Grant's design had, by necessity, left Atlanta within artillery range. The section of the line protecting the north west approach to Atlanta was inside the city limits. To help protect this area, an additional string of forts

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Elections were held with James Calhoun being reelected as Mayor. The city council held its first meeting on Jan. 6, 1865; the city treasury held $ 1.64. Rev. H. C. Horandy preached a service at the First Baptist Church on Sunday, Dec. 25, 1864. By April, 1865, five churches where holding services.

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On Nov. 7, 1864, General Sherman sent a message to Maj-Gen. Slocum in Atlanta telling him that "All houses used for storage along the railroad are to be destroyed". In a second correspondence, Gen. Sherman told Gen. Slocum that Capt. Poe would be in charge of the destruction of Atlanta's military

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I want you to take special charge of the destruction in Atlanta of all depots, car-houses, shops, factories, foundries, & c., being careful to knock down all furnace chimneys, and break down their arches; fire will do most of the work. Call on General Slocum for details and be all ready by the

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During the early part of August, several attempts were made to cut the two remaining rail lines to Atlanta using cavalry. Even though the Union cavalry successfully tore up sections of the rail line, they were not able to do sufficient damage to prevent the Confederate forces from easily repairing

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It was not until the evening of the 15th of November that fire was applied to the heaps of rubbish we had made. I was upon the ground in person to see that the work was done in a proper and orderly manner; and, as far as engineer troops were concerned, this was the case. But many buildings in the

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Capt. Poe and his Engineering detachment began constructing the new fortifications on October 3, 1864. During the first week, he was assisted by 2,000 soldiers of the XX Corps. On October 5, Capt. Poe reported to Gen. Sherman that they had completed positions for thirty guns. Work continued until

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published a letter from a correspondent named "Civis". His letter was dated December 15 and reiterated the amount of damage done to Atlanta during the war. The reporter estimated that "about three fourths of the buildings have been torn down or burned, and about nine-tenths of the property value

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Schofield developed the enemy's position to below East Point. His line is well fortified, embracing Atlanta and East Point, and his re-doubts and lines seem well filled. Cavalry is on his flanks. Our forces, too, are spread for ten miles. So Hood intends to stand his ground. I threw into Atlanta

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These orders were faithfully carried out, and neither fire nor power were used for destroying buildings until after they had been put in ruins by battering down the walls, throwing down smokestacks, breaking up furnace arches, knocking steam machinery to pieces, and punching all boilers full of

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of burned cars and in the ruins of the various machinery of the extensive railroad shops; also, a valuable amount of copper from the guttering of the State depot, the flue pipes of destroyed engines, stop cocks of machinery, etc." His report also states that many businesses, private homes, and

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As to damages for putting up works on private lands and cutting timber, they should be assessed by impartial and intelligent persons. A good plan (one that we have resorted to in previous cases) is to appoint an officer of good judgment and the local proprietors to select a second, to make the

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published a front-only broadside (a one-page newspaper). This broadside emphasized what was still standing rather than what was destroyed in order to encourage the citizens of Atlanta to return to the city and rebuild. The article states: "to our absent citizens we would say return as soon as

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Gen. Sherman realized that the occupation of Atlanta would tie up substantial manpower resources, so he devised a plan to abandon Atlanta. The plan called for the destruction of all military assets within the city, the reorganization of the forces under his command and for reinforcing Gen.

1316:, issued the following order: "All families now living in Atlanta, the male representatives of which are in the service of the Confederate states, or who have gone south, would leave the city within five days. They will pass the lines and go South …"The next day, Lt. Col. C. F. Morse, the 1219:

General George Thomas made his headquarters in the Greek revival home of William Herrington and his son-in-law Austin Leyden. The house was located on the west side of Peachtree Street between Ellis and Cain Streets. In the 20th century, this lot would be occupied by a department store.

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that his "whole Army" was encamped around Atlanta. He reported that Gen. Howard was in Atlanta and that Gen. Scofield was in Decatur. At the time of his report to Halleck, he had not heard from Gen. Howard, but he assumed he was in East Point. He promised his troops rest and pay.

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In addition to the fortifications surrounding Atlanta, the local militia was reorganized by Brig. Gen. M. J. Wright during March 1864. The militia was "composed exclusively of detailed soldiers and exempts, all those liable to conscription". The total strength was 534 men.

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that "The property of the State was destroyed by fire, yet a vast deal of valuable material remains in the ruins. Three-fourths of the bricks are good and will be suitable for rebuilding if placed under shelter before freezing weather. There is a quantity of brass in the

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the affected sections of railroad. Union forces also continued to probe the Confederate lines looking for weak spots. Even though no frontal assault was ever made on Atlanta there was a constant skirmishing between the lines and casualties occurred on both sides.

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Captain Poe was promoted after the March to the Sea during the Carolina's campaign. After the war during President Grant's administration General Sherman severed as the General of the Army. Colonel Poe served as one of General Shaman's aid-de-camps.

1659:; and reaching the hill, just outside of the old rebel works, we naturally paused to look back upon the scenes of our past battles. We stood upon the very ground whereon was fought the bloody battle of July 22d, and could see the copse of wood where 1335:, notified its citizens that they would have to evacuate the city. Each citizen was required to register with Lt. Col. Le Duc the number of adults, children, servants and a count of the number of packages or parcels they were taking with them. 653:, a broad waterway that offered some protection from a northern approach. Grant complied, and after a thorough investigation and survey, explained that the fortification of Atlanta would involve "an expenditure second only to the defense of 1081:

On August 20, the Atlanta and West Point Railroad was cut near Red Oak Station. On August 25, the Union forces withdrew from their entrenchments around Atlanta. Part of the Union forces pulled back to prepare defensive positions at the

1822:, NC, on April 26, 1865. On May 4, 1865, Union Col. Beroth B. Eggleston of the First Ohio Cavalry received the surrender of Confederate and state troops in Atlanta from Lt. Col. L. J. Glenn, commander of the post of Atlanta. 1303:

of the last train leaving Atlanta. With overloaded cars, it will not have enough room for civilians to bring all of their belongings which can be seen littered beside the tracks beside the wagons they left behind and the two

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COLONEL: In order to make the works constructed for the defense of Atlanta effective, the timber must be cut down in front of the lines for a distance of, say, 900 to 1,000 cubic yards, and the cutting should be continuous.

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The work of destroying Atlanta's military assets began under the direction of the Chief Engineer, Capt. Poe, on Nov 12, and would continue until the evening of November 15, 1864. In his official report, Captain Poe states:

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in Tennessee. Once these preparations were completed, he and his troops would set out on a campaign designed to destroy the state of Georgia's war-making capabilities and the will of its population to continue the war.

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On July 20, 1864, Battery H, First Illinois Light Artillery commanded by Capt. Francis De Gress, came into battery near the Troup Hurt Home. De Gress opened fire on downtown Atlanta from this point. He reported that:

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The fall of Atlanta was especially noteworthy for its political ramifications. The capture and fall of Atlanta were extensively covered by Northern newspapers, and significantly boosted Northern morale. Lincoln was

1124:. General Hood ordered that the 81 rail cars filled with ammunition and other military supplies be destroyed. The resulting fire and explosions were heard for miles. In his Official Report, General Sherman stated: 1746:

The destruction of Atlanta was the result of nine major events that began in the summer of 1863 and culminated with the fires set as the Federal troops left the city on Nov 15, 1864. The events are as follows:

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and the eventual dissolution of the Confederacy. The capture of the "Gate City of the South" was especially important for Lincoln as he was in a contentious election campaign against the Democratic opponent

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Advanced on the 20th, taking up position several times during the day and engaging rebel batteries. At 1 o'clock fired three shells into Atlanta at a distance of two miles and a half, the first ones of the

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was constructed further out from the city. A report from Captain Grant to Gen. Wright places the length of the fortifications at 10 ½ miles and requiring about 55,000 troops to fully man the line.

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to be cleared away first. In all cases have the trees thrown from the lines and the branches that stand up from the felled trees cut off so that they may offer no cover. The stumps ought not to be high.

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Gen. Howard's report, dated Dec. 7, 1864, details the destruction that he witnessed. His report states that several major buildings were not destroyed, including the City Hall, the Gate City hotel, the

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I. Major-General Thomas from the direction of Buck Head, his left to connect with General Schofields right about two miles northeast of Atlanta, about lot 15, near the houses marked as Hu. and Col. Hoo.

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The Union forces continued to move south on the west side of Atlanta, but the Confederates were able to extend their lines to match these movements. The two sides once again clashed on August 4–7, at

976:. The Confederates then launched a second attack on July 22, this time against the Union left, east of Atlanta near the Augusta railroad. The Confederates were again repulsed with heavy losses at the 2889: 2867: 2843: 2828: 2521: 3129: 3118: 3107: 2699: 1895:

For a transcript of this order see: Sherman: Special Order 115 (O.R. 39, part 3, p 627). In response to the order from Sherman, General Corse issued General Order 17 (O.R. 39, part 3, pp 729–30).

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By late October Captain Grant had nearly completed his encirclement of Atlanta and the number of forts had risen to seventeen. Of the seventeen planned forts, thirteen had been completed. Due to

3807: 3802: 760:. Gilmer inspected the completed work in December 1863 and gave his approval. Because of how the subsequent campaign unfolded, most of these fortifications were never really put to the test. 1403:

on September 29. Gen. Sherman began moving five of his Army Corps (the IV, XIV, XV, XVII and the XXIII Corps) to try to defeat the Confederates in the field. The XX Corps, commanded by Gen.

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that the confederates had withdrawn from Atlanta. He immediately ordered Slocum to take possession of Atlanta and to advise all people that he intended to have all civilians leave the city.

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All persons are requested to leave their names and number in their families with the undersigned as early as possible, that estimates may be made of the quantity of transportation required.

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and other impediments to enemy troops. Construction on the extensive defensive works began in August 1863. They were bounded on the north by high ground (the present location of the

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forming a 10-mile (16 km) circle over a mile (1.6 km) out from the center of town. These would be interlinked with a series of earthworks and trenches, along with rows of

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He also notes that many private homes were destroyed and that Dr. Quintard's "Rebel" chapel had been destroyed. Mr. Crew estimates that two-thirds of the city had been destroyed.

779:, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the 1407:, was left in Atlanta to guard the city. With only one corps remaining in Atlanta Gen. Sherman instructed Capt. Poe to begin the construction of the new inner defense line. 365:, thus connecting Atlanta with Montgomery to its west. A series of roads radiated out from the city in all directions, connecting Atlanta with neighboring towns and states. 1154:

and formally surrendered the city to him. When General Slocum received word that the Confederates had evacuated Atlanta, he moved forward seven brigades to occupy Atlanta.

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in 1846. The city was incorporated in 1847 and extended 1 mile in all directions from the zero-mile post. In 1860, Atlanta was a relatively small city ranking 99th in the

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business part of the city were destroyed by lawless persons, who, by sneaking around in blind alleys, succeeded in firing many houses which it was not intended to torch.

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O.R. Series I, Volume 38, Part 1, OR #6 p 135, Appendix; IV Corps. Journal, p 925 and Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., Special Field Order 57, p 546

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10th. Beauregard still lingers about Florence, afraid to invade Tennessee, and I think slightly disgusted because Sherman did not follow him on his fool's errand.

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The city was a vital transportation and logistics center, with several major railroads in the area. The Western & Atlantic Railroad connected the city with

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to protect his supply lines. Expecting an attack, the Union forces entrenched near Ezra Church. The Confederates attacked on July 28, and were repulsed in the

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citizens from Atlanta, a series of heated letters were exchanged between the two generals. Mayor Calhoun also appealed to Sherman to relent, but to no avail.

5062: 1003:. Even though the Union forces were victorious in the Battle of Ezra Church, the Union forces failed to cut the rail line supplying Atlanta from West Point. 705:

Confederate fortifications around Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864. The wagon and portable darkroom of photographer George N. Barnard is visible in the photograph.

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and several prominent citizens rode out Marietta St. under a flag of truce to surrender the city of Atlanta to the Union Army. The mayor encountered Col.

5012: 1271:". During this approximately 73 days, General Sherman and his troops would not only keep an eye on Gen. Hood and the Confederate army, but evacuate all 4845: 4524: 41: 1610:

moved to overtake the corps, and encamped near East Point on the night of the 15th". The XV Corps arrived in the vicinity of McDonough on the 16th.

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Civilians of Atlanta scramble to board the last train to leave under the mandatory evacuation order. Many wagons and belongings had to be abandoned.

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General Gilmer knew that the construction of the Atlanta Fortification would, by its scope, impact private property. He advised Col. M. J. Wright:

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Throughout the month of December 1864 more and more citizens returned to the city. An article appeared in the December 15, 1864, issue of the

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consideration must be paid to the fact that they are occupied by families, but the place must be cannonaded without the formality of a demand.

322:

concerns were soon established in Atlanta. The population swelled to nearly 22,000 as workers arrived for these new factories and warehouses.

60: 3914: 3817: 4979: 67: 850:. By July 9, the Federal forces had secured three good crossings over the Chattahoochee: one at Powers' Ferry, a second at the mouth of 839:. By early July the Confederate forces had been forced back to the outskirts of Atlanta. Both the Union and Confederate forces used the 5017: 4873: 4094: 1772:

The authorized destruction of the rail road, factories, warehouses and other military assets, by the Federal troops, Nov 12 – 15, 1864.

1663:

fell. Behind us lay Atlanta, smoldering and in ruins, the black smoke rising high in air, and hanging like a pall over the ruined city.

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With all of his supply lines cut, General Hood abandoned Atlanta. On the night of September 1, his troops marched out of the city to

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Mr. Rice reports that all of the churches near City Hall were saved but that the new Episcopal and Pain's churches were destroyed.

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issued orders that all hospitals and munitions works in Atlanta be evacuated. On July 7, Colonel Josiah Georgas, ordnance chief in

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of the Immaculate Conception Catholic Church, Sherman did not burn the city's churches or hospitals. However, the remaining war

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III. Major-General McPherson will follow one or more roads direct from Decatur to Atlanta, following substantially the railroad.

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During the month of Dec. 1864, articles appeared in several newspapers about the destruction of Atlanta. On December 10, 1864,

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The engineer regiments were divided into detachments, under picked officers, each of whom received a written order as follows:

858:. The federal forces rested and moved troops around to prepare for their advance on the city of Atlanta beginning on July 16. 56: 5027: 5007: 4866: 4801: 3609: 3328: 3303: 3278: 3253: 3153: 1691: 1253: 1147: 1192:

When General Sherman decided not to pursue the Confederate forces commanded by General Hood on September 4, 1864, he issued

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railroad depot, built in 1853. In his diary, Capt. Poe would bemoan the "destruction of private property" that occurred.

5037: 4946: 4372: 3590: 3563: 3527: 3500: 4533: 4510: 4109: 3632: 3472: 3441: 3387: 3356: 3208: 2016: 1590:, commanded by Major General Frank P. Blair Jr, marched south along the McDonough road, and moved, via McDonough and 107: 3678: 1982: 1621:, took Decatur Street following the Georgia Railroad through Decatur and past Stone Mountain. Their destination was 968:

With the Union forces spread out over such a wide front, General Hood launched an attack against the Union right at

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The whole army will move on Atlanta by the most direct roads tomorrow, July 20, beginning at 5 a. m., as follows:

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was the only Atlanta paper to survive the war and resume publication from Atlanta after Union forces began their

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Fighting around Atlanta and the destruction of homes by both sides in the no-man's-land between the two armies.

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ordered Gen. W. P. Howard to inspect the State property in Atlanta, and the city itself, and protect the same.

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Occupation of the city and surrounding towns and the building of "shanties" for shelter by the Federal troops.

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and all remaining Confederate forces still active in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida at

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Winship Foundry produced great quantities of metal products, railroad supplies, freight cars, and iron bolts.

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as the commander of the post of Atlanta. On Dec. 5, 1864, Capt. Thomas L. Dodd was appointed as the Atlanta

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., Special Order 41, pp 232–233

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from Atlanta, build their own shelters, construct fortifications, forage for fresh food, some would get a

566:

A number of newspapers flourished in Atlanta during the Civil War. Among the more prominent ones were the

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were 705 adults, 860 children and 86 servants. Together they all they carried 8,842 packages of baggage.

1193: 1087: 995:, and Atlanta, General Sherman moved forces along the west side of Atlanta. General Hood sent two of his 506:

In addition to the transportation and manufacturing facilities, there were several hospitals in Atlanta.

1926: 1757:

The Federal demolition of houses behind their lines to the Chattahoochee River for shelter and firewood.

4898: 4625: 4030: 3986: 3980: 3896: 1090:. On August 31 – September 1, the Confederate forces once again failed to stop the Union troops at the 649:, Chief Engineer of the Department of Georgia, and asked him to survey possible enemy crossings of the 369: 362: 156: 5032: 4780: 4752: 4742: 4695: 4680: 4675: 4645: 4491: 4321: 4296: 4277: 4100: 3968: 3865: 3726: 1647:

As Gen. Sherman departed Atlanta at 7:00 a.m. on Nov. 16 with the army, he noted his handiwork:

1309: 973: 780: 143:. Although relatively small in population, the city became a critical point of contention during the 3464: 3458: 3379: 3373: 1733:, the Medical College, and several of the churches located downtown. His report also relays to Gov. 4665: 4347: 3944: 3920: 3740: 1695: 1637: 1069:

W. T. Sherman, O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., p 434

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Confederate evacuation and destruction of military supplies and the rolling mill, Sept. 1–2, 1864.

922:

General Sherman issued Special Order 39, detailing the Union advance on Atlanta on July 19, 1864.

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commanded by Maj. Gen. Howard was to move to East Point and the head of Camp Creek, while the

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The general-in-chief will be with the center of the army, viz, with or near General Schofield.

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November 1 with a much smaller work force until preparations for the March to the Sea began.

1201: 1000: 788: 753: 729: 492: 4858: 1830: 1074:

There are no official records of the number of people killed by the bombardment of Atlanta.

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before it fell. The works produced gun carriages and 7-inch shells for the Confederate navy.

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experts; warehouses were filled with food, forage, supplies, ammunition, clothing and other

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The construction of the Confederate fortification around Atlanta during the summer of 1863.

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The Distribution Hospital was located on the southeast corner of Alabama and Pryor Streets.

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were killed. General Sherman had now cut two of the four rail lines leading into Atlanta.

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forces early in the war, Atlanta rapidly became a concentration point for the Confederate

8: 4722: 4473: 4088: 4077: 4036: 3351:. Atlanta, GA: W. W. Brown (reprinted by The Reprint Company in 1978). pp. 185–187. 3203:. Atlanta, GA: W. W. Brown (reprinted by The Reprint Company in 1978). pp. 182–185. 1618: 1421: 1404: 1400: 1242: 1186: 1143: 1139: 1091: 1083: 1010:. The Union forces were repulsed with heavy losses and failed in an attempt to break the 882: 870: 847: 792: 650: 536: 415:, established before the war, was significantly expanded and provided a major source for 358: 180: 3173: 5052: 4890: 4660: 4486: 4174: 3777: 3763: 3713: 2554:

O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., page 449

2011:. Atlanta, GA: W. W. Brown (reprinted by The Reprint Company in 1978). pp. 36–37. 1861:

Following the war Federal troops returned to Atlanta to help enforce the provisions of

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The construction of the inner defensive ring by the Federal troops during October 1864.

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on July 4, 1863, that Atlanta would be a logical target for future Union Army attacks,

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Some of the major manufacturing facilities supporting the Confederate war effort were:

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Part of the fortifications surrounding Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864 during the Civil war.

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The last remaining natural obstacle separating the Union forces from Atlanta was the

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sent him on his application, but I hope you have sufficient from the battle-field of

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., p 434

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., p 193

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5 - Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc., p 891

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, Correspondence to Hon. E. M. Stanton, pp 829-830

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The Confederate Iron and Brass Foundry produced all kinds of iron and brass works.

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W. S. Withers and Solomon Solomon Foundry made buttons, spurs, bits, buckles, etc.

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the work, since it would endanger buildings which it is not intended to destroy.

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The federal forces occupied Atlanta until November 15/16 when they began their "

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II. Major-General Schofield by the road leading from Doctor Powell's to Atlanta.

294:(aptly named Terminus) in 1837. Atlanta grew quickly with the completion of The 4404: 3902: 3880: 2351:

O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, OR # 1, pp 70-71: Part 2, OR #431 pp 904–911

1961: 1730: 1595: 1392: 1209: 1086:

while the remainder of the Union forces marched south of Atlanta to attack the

992: 916: 893: 873:. On July 16, Gen. Rousseau's men cut about 25 miles of the rail line, west of 800: 579: 373: 346: 342: 3706:, (Special Field Orders No. 67), 4 September 1864. From the collection of the 1375:

Camp of 2d Massachusetts Infantry on the grounds of the Atlanta, Ga. City Hall

811:, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed. 532:

hospital was located on the Ponder property at Means Street and Ponder Avenue.

474:

A Flour Mill was located at the northwest corner of Marietta and North Avenue.

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to visit home, and finally destroy all assets of military value in Atlanta.

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The Siege of Atlanta and the ensuing bombardment July 20 – August 25, 1864.

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Ruins of Rolling Mill and cars destroyed by rebels on evacuation of Atlanta

1040:

Capt. Francis De Gress, O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 3, OR# 486, page 265

1022: 529: 427: 120: 1510:

Gen. Sherman returned to the city on Nov. 14. In his memoirs, he recalls:

1176: 1017: 869:, with a force of 2,500 cavalry to cut the rail line linking Atlanta with 3703: 3688: 3520:

What the Yankees Did to Us: Sherman's Bombardment and Wrecking of Atlanta

1710: 496: 516:

The Atlanta Female Institute on Courtland Street was used as a hospital.

155:. The fall of Atlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the 2899: 2897: 1414: 1300: 1007: 851: 618: 398: 148: 3908: 3875: 3732: 3556:

Chicago's Irish Legion: the 90th Illinois Volunteers in the Civil War

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On September 3, General Sherman was with the bulk of his troops near

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rounds on Atlanta. On August 9, 1864, General Sherman reported that:

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, Special Field Order #67, p 837-838

2306: 1939: 23: 3233:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. pp. 653–659 Vol. 1. 1529: 1276: 1272: 622: 510:

The General Hospital was located on the fairground, on Fair Street.

451:

was located at the northwest corner of Walton and Peachtree Street.

381: 3714:

Civil War records available for research at the National Archives

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, Capt. O. M. Poe's O. R. 6, p 138

1775:

The unauthorized fires set by the Federal troops Nov. 11–15, 1864.

1709:

On Nov. 26, 1864, the commander of the Georgia state troops, Gen.

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In a letter to his wife, dated Dec. 1, 1864, James R. Crew, Mayor

831:. In early May, 1864, Union forces under the command of Maj. Gen. 2955: 2953: 2733:

O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, Special Field Order #103, p 828

745: 552: 485: 461: 454:

The Empire Manufacturing Company made Railroad cars and bar iron.

448: 434: 3684:

Touring itinerary of modern Atlanta's Civil War sites and places

2723:

O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, Special Field Order #64, p 801

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Building the inner defensive ring (October 3 – November 1, 1864)

861:

On July 10, Maj. Gen. Sherman sent orders via telegraph to Gen.

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was located on 155 acres of property taken from William Markham.

491:

The Naval Ordnance Works was set up in early 1862 by Lieutenant

290:

The city that would become Atlanta began as the endpoint of the

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 1, Gen. Sherman's O. R. 1, p 581

1668:

William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman, Chapter 21

1519:

William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman, Chapter 21

885:. Gen. Rousseau's cavalry force then joined General Sherman in 749: 522:

Kiles Hotel on Decatur and Loyd Streets was used as a hospital.

495:

using stores and machinery he was able to move to Atlanta from

465: 2962: 2950: 2869:

O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 1, Gen. Hood's O. R. 107, p 801

1505:

Capt. Orlando M. Poe, O.R. Series 1, Volume 44, OR# 4, page 60

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Sherman's army destroying rail infrastructure in Atlanta, 1864

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on July 20, 1864. The Confederate advance was repulsed at the

715:

Confederate palisades, on north side of Atlanta, Georgia, 1864

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On September 18, 1864, the confederate forces, commanded by

732:. I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 519:

The Atlanta Medical College was used as a surgical hospital.

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War like the thunderbolt: the battle and burning of Atlanta

3065:

Orlando M. Poe – Civil War General and Great Lakes Engineer

1559:

took the McDonough Road (later Capital Ave.) following the

1133:

William T. Sherman, Official Report of the Atlanta Campaign

915:

was relieved of command of the Confederate forces. General

310:. However, it was the 13th-largest city in what became the 3694:

University of Georgia website for Georgia in the Civil War

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Atlanta and Environs, A Chronicle of its People and Events

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Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events

3037:

Orland M. Poe – Civil War General and Great Lakes Engineer

1200:

commanded by Maj. Gen. Thomas was to move to Atlanta. The

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The battle of Atlanta and other campaigns, addresses, etc

1299:

General Sherman's mandatory evacuation order led to this

991:

In an effort to cut the Confederate supply lines between

306:

in size with a population of 9,554 according to the 1860

139:, was an important rail and commercial center during the 3323:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. pp. 414–417. 3298:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. pp. 417–420. 3273:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. pp. 412–413. 3148:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. pp. 404–406. 2469: 2467: 1544:

Sherman's march to the sea begins (November 15–16, 1864)

1169:

Col. John Coburn, OR 261, Vol. 38, part 2, Reports, etc.

1097: 555:

in Atlanta: "Send the bulk of machinery & stores to

551:, issued orders to Colonel M. H. Wright, commanding the 3623:

Secret Yankees: The Union Circle in Confederate Atlanta

1177:

Occupation of Atlanta (September 3 – November 16, 1864)

3704:

General William T. Sherman's order to evacuate Atlanta

3404:"GeorgiaInfo, This Day in Georgia History May 4, 1865" 814: 4532: 2606: 2604: 2464: 1146:, sent reconnaissance parties towards Atlanta. Mayor 892:

Union cavalry forces under the command of Brig. Gen.

3039:. The Kent State University Press. pp. 243–245. 1536:. One of the major buildings that was destroyed was 1415:

Destruction of military assets (November 7–16, 1864)

629:

in front of the Ponder House, Atlanta, Georgia, 1864

3248:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. p. 427. 2928: 2919: 2701:

O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 2, OR 261 pp 392-393

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 3, OR# 486, page 265

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O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, O.R. 1, pp 70–72.

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James M. Calhoun, Notice to the Citizens of Atlanta

48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3620: 3432:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 3425: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3172:. Atlanta Constitution. 1898-07-24. Archived from 2601: 2276: 2274: 1674:Atlantans return (November 17, 1864 – May 4, 1865) 1655:, filled by the marching troops and wagons of the 1283:Evacuation of all civilians (September 8–21, 1864) 1025:until Union artillery made a special target of it. 159:more confidence, and (along with the victories at 3342: 3340: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3076: 3074: 2677:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 3, OR 177 pp 20–21 2473:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, OR # 1, p 77–79 2117: 2115: 2113: 1606:, followed the XVII Corps on the McDonough Road. 606:emplacements covering the avenues of approach to 5075: 3378:. Atlanta, GA: Capricorn Corporation). pp. 3139: 3137: 2360:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 2, OR # 398 P 804 2232:. Capricorn Corporation. p. Vol. 5, No. 21. 2191:. Capricorn Corporation. p. Vol. 5, No. 21. 1927:"The Battle of Atlanta: History and Remembrance" 610:. The artillery in this fortification overlooks 3463:. Atlanta, GA: Capricorn Corporation. pp. 3217: 3067:. The Kent State University Press. p. 193. 2795:Davis, "What the Yankees did to Us", pp 297–309 2711:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, OR # 1, p 778 2576:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 3, # OR 4, p 123 2271: 2046: 2044: 2030: 2028: 1223:Other homes used by the Federal Offices where: 1021:The Ponder House in Atlanta housed Confederate 345:. The Macon & Western connected Atlanta to 5084:Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War 3337: 3187: 3071: 2668:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, OR # 1, p 82 2628:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, OR #6, p 135 2610:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, OR # 1, p 80 2110: 1450:In the field, Kingston, Ga., November 7, 1864. 1259:On September 8, Sherman reported to Maj. Gen. 877:, as well as three miles of the branch toward 4874: 4518: 3748: 3456: 3371: 3134: 3016:O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 3, pp 728–729. 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2744: 2742: 2740: 1324:On September 8, 1864, General Sherman issued 980:. During the Battle of Atlanta Union General 460:Atlanta Machine Works produced ordnance. The 2619:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, pp 990–925 2426:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, part 1 pages 52–54 2268:OR Series 1 - Volume 31 (Part II) pp 575-576 2041: 2025: 1567:while the left wing, commanded by Maj. Gen. 1164:Capt. JOHN SPEED, Assistant Adjutant-General 919:was given command of the Army of Tennessee. 602:Confederate sappers constructed a number of 525:A hotel on Peachtree was used as a hospital. 477:Hammond Marshall Sword Factory manufactured 361:. At West Point the line linked up with the 357:, completed in 1854, connected Atlanta with 2791: 2789: 2448:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, OR 1 p 75 1448:Hdqrs. Military Division of the Mississippi 896:supported by a brigade of infantry cut the 582:, during the Union occupation in 1864. The 464:produced by the Atlanta Machine Works were 4881: 4867: 4525: 4511: 4095:Cotton States and International Exposition 3755: 3741: 3599: 2819:Davis, "What the Yankees did to Us", p 330 2766: 2737: 737:Major-General and Chief of Engineer Bureau 4548:Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 3654:A brief history of the American Civil War 3602:The Day Dixie Died: The Battle of Atlanta 3423: 3130:O.R. Series 1, Volume 44, OR # 52, p 163 3119:O.R. Series 1, Volume 44, OR # 77, p 206 3094:O.R. Series 1, Volume 44, OR # 43, p 147 2320:OR Series 1 - Volume 32 (Part III), p 740 1938: 1886:Total Slave holders / Number of families. 1395:, began moving from their position near 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 3428:Battle Cry of Freedom, The Civil War Era 3108:O.R. Series 1, Volume 44, OR # 11, p 81 2786: 1841: 1829: 1474: 1370: 1294: 1286: 1161:J. COBURN, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. 1111: 1016: 710: 700: 690: 617: 597: 397: 119: 4312:History of African Americans in Atlanta 3580: 3457:Norman, Shavin; Galphin, Bruce (1982). 3372:Norman, Shavin; Galphin, Bruce (1982). 3228: 3103: 3101: 3025:O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 3, p 741 2934:O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 3, p 359 2925:O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 3, p 358 2903:O.R. Series 1, Volume 39, Part 3, p 681 2637:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 1, p 925 2287: 2230:The Atlanta Century March 1860-May 1865 2189:The Atlanta Century March 1860-May 1865 2080:History of the Confederate powder works 1924: 1679:church ..." He goes on to report that: 819:In the spring of 1864, the Confederate 468:at the Western and Atlantic Roundhouse. 5076: 3762: 3689:Atlanta Cyclorama and Civil War Museum 3679:The New Georgia Encyclopedia - Atlanta 3627:. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 3558:. Southern Illinois University Press. 3346: 3198: 3062: 3034: 2227: 2186: 2006: 1532:were then destroyed in Atlanta and in 1399:, and crossed to the west side of the 1331:On September 8, the mayor of Atlanta, 593: 430:. It also refurbished railroad tracks. 5089:U.S. cities in the American Civil War 4862: 4506: 3799:Buildings listed on National Register 3736: 3664:Why Sherman was right to burn Atlanta 3536: 3517: 3490: 3318: 3293: 3268: 3243: 3143: 1433:and Selma. General Stanley, with the 1308:On September 5, the commander of the 1142:, in command of the XX Corp near the 1098:Fall of Atlanta (September 1–2, 1864) 854:and a third at the shallow ford near 803:evacuated Atlanta, after a five-week 744:Captain Grant planned a series of 17 4841: 4353:Former neighborhoods and settlements 4115:Atlanta International Pop Festival ( 3618: 3585:. Lewis Historical Publishing, Inc. 3553: 3098: 2968:O.R. Series 1, Vol 39, Part 3, p 370 2959:O.R. Series 1, Vol 39, Part 3, p 680 961:By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman: 815:Siege of Atlanta (July–August 1864) 669:Charleston, S. C., October 21, 1863. 433:The Confederate Pistol Factory made 406:produced armor plating for ironclads 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 3170:"Atlanta When it was Left in Ashes" 1925:Pollock, Daniel A. (May 30, 2014). 645:Engineer Bureau, contacted Captain 368:Thought to be relatively safe from 314:. A large number of machine shops, 57:"Atlanta in the American Civil War" 13: 4204:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strike 3818:Demolished public housing projects 3484: 2830:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, 2805:O.R. Series 1, Volume 38, Part 5, 1651:... We rode out of Atlanta by the 827:, was entrenched near the city of 186: 14: 5105: 4534:Georgia in the American Civil War 4110:Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. 3349:Official History of Fulton County 3201:Official History of Fulton County 2832:Notice to the Citizens of Atlanta 2437:Official History of Fulton County 2402:Official History of Fulton County 2203:Official History of Fulton County 2162:Official History of Fulton County 2136:Official History of Fulton County 2105:Official History of Fulton County 2092:Official History of Fulton County 2065:Official History of Fulton County 2052:Official History of Fulton County 2036:Official History of Fulton County 2009:Official History of Fulton County 1571:, took Decatur Street along the 4840: 4831: 4830: 4748:Second Battle of Fort McAllister 3649:MEMOIRS OF GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN 3450: 3417: 3396: 3365: 3312: 3287: 3262: 3237: 3162: 1962:"University of Virginia Library" 1849:following extensive damage, 1866 1797:Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel 1789:Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel 1342:ATLANTA, GA., September 8, 1864. 1185:when he received word from Gen. 932:In the Field, near Decatur, Ga., 488:made leather goods for the army. 22: 4585:First Battle of Fort McAllister 4307:History of Hispanics in Atlanta 4083:International Cotton Exposition 3963:Public schools cheating scandal 3939:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 3123: 3112: 3087: 3056: 3043: 3028: 3019: 3010: 2997: 2984: 2971: 2937: 2906: 2883: 2872: 2861: 2848: 2837: 2822: 2813: 2798: 2755: 2726: 2715: 2704: 2693: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2557: 2548: 2535: 2526: 2515: 2502: 2489: 2476: 2451: 2442: 2429: 2420: 2407: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2363: 2354: 2345: 2332: 2323: 2314: 2300: 2262: 2249: 2236: 2221: 2208: 2195: 2180: 2167: 2154: 2141: 2128: 2097: 2084: 1898: 1889: 1437:, was assigned to Gen. Thomas. 1245:, the home of William H. Dabney 1012:Atlanta and West Point Railroad 841:Western & Atlantic Railroad 355:Atlanta and West Point Railroad 353:to its south. The fourth line, 33:needs additional citations for 4332:History of the Jews in Atlanta 4127:Democratic National Convention 3721:by Russell S. Bonds author of 2070: 2057: 2000: 1975: 1954: 1918: 1880: 1231:, the home of Edward E. Rawson 1138:On September 2, Major General 329:, 138 miles to the north. The 1: 4463:Western and Atlantic Railroad 4061:Interstate 85 bridge collapse 4049:Bluffton University bus crash 3669:Atlanta as Left by Our Troops 3581:Garrett, Franklin M. (1954). 3229:Garrett, Franklin M. (1954). 1868: 1602:, commanded by Major General 1457:Capt. O. M. POE, Atlanta, Ga: 386:Confederate States of America 312:Confederate States of America 292:Western and Atlantic Railroad 4595:Battle of Davis' Cross Roads 3957:Shooting of Kathryn Johnston 3537:Dodge, Grenville M. (1910). 3424:McPherson, James M. (1988). 1825: 1561:Macon & Western Railroad 1447: 1238:, the home of Lewis Scofield 1088:Macon & Western Railroad 926:HDQR. Mil. Div. OF THE MISS. 925: 900:that connected Atlanta with 666: 633:Concerned after the fall of 569:Atlanta Southern Confederacy 7: 4771:Special Field Orders No. 15 4711:Battle of Lovejoy's Station 4671:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 4492:Timeline of Atlanta history 4043:Air France Flight 007 crash 3993:Northside Hospital shooting 3861:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 3522:. Mercer University Press. 3460:Atlanta Triumph of a People 3375:Atlanta Triumph of a People 1598:, at Planters Factory. The 1386:Special Field Orders No. 67 1344:To the Citizens of Atlanta: 1194:Special Field Orders No. 64 963:L. M. DAYTON, aide-de-Camp. 444:produced ordnance supplies. 308:United States (U.S.) Census 151:approached from Union-held 10: 5110: 4733:Sherman's March to the Sea 4626:Battle of Rocky Face Ridge 4358:Annexations and city wards 4240:School bus drivers' strike 3981:Killing of Rayshard Brooks 3951:Day trading firm shootings 3699:Civil War Sites in Georgia 3491:Bonds, Russell S. (2009). 3347:Cooper, Walter G. (1934). 3321:What the Yankees Did to Us 3296:What the Yankees Did to Us 3271:What the Yankees Did to Us 3246:What the Yankees Did to Us 3199:Cooper, Walter G. (1934). 3146:What the Yankees Did to Us 3005:What the Yankees did to Us 2992:What the Yankees did to Us 2979:What the Yankees did to Us 2945:What the Yankees did to Us 2856:What the Yankees did to Us 2596:What the Yankees did to Us 2543:What the Yankees did to Us 2282:What the Yankees did to Us 2257:What the Yankees did to Us 2216:What the Yankees did to Us 2175:What the Yankees did to Us 2149:What the Yankees did to Us 2007:Cooper, Walter G. (1934). 1787:On December 21, 1864, the 1617:, commanded by Brig. Gen. 1550:Sherman's March to the Sea 1547: 1534:Sherman's March to the Sea 1101: 1050:Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK, 974:Battle of Peach Tree Creek 911:On July 18, 1864, General 363:Western Railway of Alabama 4988: 4945: 4897: 4826: 4810: 4789: 4763: 4753:Battle of Altamaha Bridge 4743:Battle of Buck Head Creek 4681:Battle of Peachtree Creek 4646:Battle of New Hope Church 4608: 4577: 4556: 4540: 4482: 4426: 4386: 4340: 4287: 4278:Atlanta Eagle police raid 4249: 4190: 4070: 4023: 4002: 3969:Shooting of Scout Schultz 3889: 3866:Battle of Peachtree Creek 3826: 3786: 3770: 3727:Pritzker Military Library 3642: 3600:Ecelbarger, Gary (2010). 1987:New New York Encyclopedia 1721:. On Nov. 25, 1864, Gov. 1208:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 781:Battle of Peachtree Creek 674:Commanding, Atlanta, Ga.: 578:, both of which moved to 543:On July 5, 1864, General 4656:Battle of Pickett's Mill 4055:Tornado strikes downtown 3945:Otherside Lounge bombing 3841:Atlanta in the Civil War 3723:War Like the Thunderbolt 3619:Dyer, Thomas G. (1999). 984:and Confederate General 881:, and two miles towards 843:to supply their troops. 795:. On September 1, 1864, 388:armies operating in the 333:connected the city with 147:in 1864 when a powerful 125:View in Atlanta, Georgia 5094:19th century in Atlanta 4889:U.S. Cities during the 4738:Battle of Griswoldville 4728:Second Battle of Tilton 4706:Second Battle of Dalton 4436:Atlanta Transit Company 4368:History of Georgia Tech 4348:History by neighborhood 4257:Library perversion case 3808:(Atlanta in DeKalb Co.) 3803:(Atlanta in Fulton Co.) 3554:Swan, James B. (2009). 3518:Davis, Stephen (2012). 3319:Davis, Stephen (2012). 3294:Davis, Stephen (2012). 3269:Davis, Stephen (2012). 3244:Davis, Stephen (2012). 3144:Davis, Stephen (2012). 2807:Special Field Order #67 2228:Shavin, Norman (1964). 2187:Shavin, Norman (1964). 1524:After a plea by Father 1312:Guard of Atlanta, Col. 1216:disturbed but little". 823:, commanded by General 339:Confederate Powderworks 4716:Battle of Jonesborough 4696:Battle of Brown's Mill 4676:Battle of Pace's Ferry 4636:First Battle of Tilton 4616:First Battle of Dalton 4600:Battle of Ringgold Gap 4564:Great Locomotive Chase 3856:Battle of Jonesborough 3604:. Thomas Dunne Books. 1850: 1839: 1671: 1522: 1508: 1480: 1469: 1376: 1365: 1305: 1292: 1198:Army of the Cumberland 1172: 1136: 1117: 1072: 1043: 1026: 966: 807:mounted by Union Gen. 775:In 1864, as feared by 742: 716: 706: 696: 630: 615: 407: 327:Chattanooga, Tennessee 128: 4970:Romney, West Virginia 4691:Battle of Ezra Church 4666:Battle of Kolb's Farm 4641:Battle of Adairsville 4590:Battle of Chickamauga 4569:Siege of Fort Pulaski 4411:George Floyd protests 3851:Battle of Ezra Church 3541:. Monarch Print. Co. 3063:Taylor, Paul (2009). 3035:Taylor, Paul (2009). 1845: 1833: 1808:Battle of Bentonville 1649: 1512: 1486: 1478: 1443: 1374: 1337: 1298: 1290: 1252:, Home of the Mayor, 1202:Army of the Tennessee 1156: 1126: 1115: 1048: 1032: 1020: 1001:Battle of Ezra Church 924: 789:Battle of Ezra Church 714: 704: 694: 662: 621: 601: 493:David Porter McCorkle 401: 123: 4776:Battle of West Point 4701:Battle of Utoy Creek 3871:Battle of Utoy Creek 3813:Demolished buildings 3082:Atlanta and Environs 3051:Atlanta and Environs 2914:Atlanta and Environs 2781:Atlanta and Environs 2750:Atlanta and Environs 2688:Atlanta and Environs 2657:Atlanta and Environs 2565:Atlanta and Environs 2497:Atlanta and Environs 2484:Atlanta and Environs 2459:Atlanta and Environs 2415:Atlanta and Environs 2371:Atlanta and Environs 2340:Atlanta and Environs 2295:Atlanta and Environs 2244:Atlanta and Environs 2123:Atlanta and Environs 1781:Atlanta Intelligence 1212:, moved to Decatur. 986:William H. T. Walker 908:, on July 18, 1864. 413:Atlanta Rolling Mill 404:Atlanta Rolling Mill 337:to the east and the 219:Total white persons 42:improve this article 4723:Battle of Allatoona 4317:Demographic history 4089:Piedmont Exposition 4037:Winecoff Hotel fire 3659:Who Burned Atlanta? 1619:Alpheus S. Williams 1538:Edward A. Vincent's 1401:Chattahoochee River 1397:Lovejoy Station, GA 1326:special order No 67 1144:Chattahoochee River 1092:Battle of Jonesboro 1084:Chattahoochee River 904:, near the town of 883:West Point, Georgia 871:Montgomery, Alabama 848:Chattahoochee River 793:Battle of Jonesboro 667:HEADQUARTERS, ETC., 651:Chattahoochee River 594:Atlanta as a target 584:Daily Intelligencer 575:Daily Intelligencer 537:contagious diseases 359:West Point, Georgia 300:Macon & Western 230:Total slaveholders 193: 192:Population in 1860 181:George B. McClellan 4891:American Civil War 4781:Battle of Columbus 4661:Battle of Marietta 4487:History of Atlanta 4327:Racial segregation 4198:Washerwomen strike 4175:WrestleMania XXVII 4102:Gone with the Wind 4031:Great Atlanta Fire 3921:Peyton Road affair 3909:Leo Frank lynching 3876:Burning of Atlanta 3794:Historic districts 3778:Standing Peachtree 3764:History of Atlanta 2510:The Day Dixie Died 2078:Internet Archive, 1851: 1840: 1812:Joseph E. Johnston 1638:Jefferson C. Davis 1604:Peter J. Osterhaus 1481: 1377: 1306: 1293: 1118: 1053:Washington, D. C.: 1027: 982:James B. McPherson 913:Joseph E. Johnston 906:Stone Mountain, GA 865:then stationed at 863:Lovell H. Rousseau 833:William T. Sherman 825:Joseph E. Johnston 717: 707: 697: 631: 616: 588:"March to the Sea" 545:Joseph E. Johnston 442:Novelty Iron Works 408: 191: 141:American Civil War 129: 5071: 5070: 4856: 4855: 4686:Battle of Atlanta 4500: 4499: 4234:Sanitation strike 4228:Sanitation strike 4133:Super Bowl XXVIII 3975:Ransomware attack 3846:Battle of Atlanta 3611:978-0-312-56399-8 3330:978-0-88146-398-9 3305:978-0-88146-398-9 3280:978-0-88146-398-9 3255:978-0-88146-398-9 3176:on April 27, 2005 3155:978-0-88146-398-9 2307:History Atlanta, 1834:Ruins of Atlanta 1816:Army of Tennessee 1713:, appointed Col. 1694:emissary to Gen. 1393:Gen. John B. Hood 1250:William G. Le Duc 1183:Lovejoy's Station 1108:Battle of Atlanta 978:Battle of Atlanta 887:Marietta, Georgia 879:Columbus, Georgia 821:Army of Tennessee 785:Battle of Atlanta 721: 720: 672:Col. M. J. WRIGHT 535:The hospital for 288: 287: 208:Total population 167:) leading to the 118: 117: 110: 92: 5101: 4980:Washington, D.C. 4883: 4876: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4844: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4651:Battle of Dallas 4631:Battle of Resaca 4621:Atlanta campaign 4527: 4520: 4513: 4504: 4503: 4447:Historic ferries 4442:Historic bridges 4264:Lonesome Cowboys 4210:Streetcar strike 4010:Opera in Atlanta 3836:Atlanta Campaign 3757: 3750: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3708:Georgia Archives 3638: 3626: 3615: 3596: 3577: 3550: 3533: 3514: 3479: 3478: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3431: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3344: 3335: 3334: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3226: 3215: 3214: 3196: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3141: 3132: 3127: 3121: 3116: 3110: 3105: 3096: 3091: 3085: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3060: 3054: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3017: 3014: 3008: 3001: 2995: 2988: 2982: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2948: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2916:, p 644, 649-650 2910: 2904: 2901: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2865: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2841: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2784: 2777: 2764: 2759: 2753: 2746: 2735: 2730: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2708: 2702: 2697: 2691: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2599: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2519: 2513: 2506: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2418: 2411: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2304: 2298: 2291: 2285: 2278: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2253: 2247: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2225: 2219: 2212: 2206: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2184: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2158: 2152: 2145: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2119: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2088: 2082: 2074: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2048: 2039: 2032: 2023: 2022: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1942: 1922: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1814:surrendered the 1669: 1657:Fourteenth Corps 1573:Georgia Railroad 1557:Oliver O. Howard 1520: 1506: 1363: 1353:JAMES M. CALHOUN 1333:James M. Calhoun 1314:William Cogswell 1269:March to the Sea 1236:David S. Stanley 1206:Army of the Ohio 1170: 1148:James M. Calhoun 1134: 1122:Lovejoy, Georgia 1104:Atlanta Campaign 1070: 1041: 929:Special Order 902:Augusta, Georgia 898:Georgia Railroad 875:Opelika, Alabama 867:Decatur, Alabama 856:Roswell, Georgia 837:Atlanta Campaign 777:Jeremy F. Gilmer 687: 686: 639:Jeremy F. Gilmer 627:chevaux de frise 612:Peachtree Street 426:, including the 421:Confederate Navy 384:critical to the 298:in 1845 and the 254:colored persons 194: 190: 145:Atlanta Campaign 133:Atlanta, Georgia 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5067: 4984: 4941: 4893: 4887: 4857: 4852: 4822: 4806: 4785: 4759: 4604: 4573: 4552: 4536: 4531: 4501: 4496: 4478: 4422: 4400:Freeway revolts 4394:Atlanta sit-ins 4382: 4336: 4283: 4245: 4186: 4181:Super Bowl LIII 4169:Summer Olympics 4066: 4019: 4015:Arts in Atlanta 3998: 3885: 3822: 3782: 3766: 3761: 3719:Webcast Lecture 3645: 3635: 3612: 3593: 3566: 3530: 3503: 3487: 3485:Further reading 3482: 3475: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3390: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3345: 3338: 3331: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3242: 3238: 3227: 3218: 3211: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3088: 3079: 3072: 3061: 3057: 3048: 3044: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3002: 2998: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2862: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2778: 2767: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2731: 2727: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2602: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2412: 2408: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2301: 2292: 2288: 2279: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2254: 2250: 2241: 2237: 2226: 2222: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2196: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2168: 2159: 2155: 2146: 2142: 2133: 2129: 2120: 2111: 2102: 2098: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2071: 2062: 2058: 2049: 2042: 2033: 2026: 2019: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1989: 1983:"New York City" 1981: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1945: 1943: 1940:10.18737/M77S3S 1931:Southern Spaces 1923: 1919: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1871: 1828: 1723:Joseph E. Brown 1719:Provost-Marshal 1715:Luther J. Glenn 1676: 1670: 1667: 1632:, commanded by 1569:Henry W. Slocum 1552: 1546: 1526:Thomas O'Reilly 1521: 1518: 1507: 1504: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1417: 1384:Gen. Sherman's 1382: 1364: 1361: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1318:provost marshal 1285: 1243:Henry W. Slocum 1187:Henry W. Slocum 1179: 1171: 1168: 1135: 1132: 1110: 1102:Main articles: 1100: 1071: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1042: 1039: 970:Peachtree Creek 964: 962: 960: 959: 957: 956: 953: 952: 950: 948: 946: 945: 941: 939: 933: 927: 829:Dalton, Georgia 817: 809:William Sherman 740: 738: 736: 676: 675: 673: 670: 668: 664: 647:Lemuel P. Grant 641:, Chief of the 596: 390:Western Theater 331:Georgia Railway 296:Georgia Railway 277: 253: 189: 187:Early war years 176:Abraham Lincoln 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 5107: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4886: 4885: 4878: 4871: 4863: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4838: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4507: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4430: 4428:Transportation 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4419:(2021–present) 4414: 4408: 4405:Occupy Atlanta 4402: 4397: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4378:Zero Mile Post 4375: 4373:Historic mills 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4322:Gentrification 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4293: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4260: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4222:Scripto strike 4219: 4216:Transit strike 4213: 4207: 4201: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4113: 4107: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3915:Temple bombing 3912: 3906: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3883: 3881:Stone Mountain 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3729:on May 6, 2010 3716: 3711: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3633: 3616: 3610: 3597: 3592:978-0820309132 3591: 3578: 3565:978-0809328901 3564: 3551: 3534: 3529:978-0881463989 3528: 3515: 3502:978-1594161001 3501: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3473: 3449: 3442: 3416: 3395: 3388: 3364: 3357: 3336: 3329: 3311: 3304: 3286: 3279: 3261: 3254: 3236: 3216: 3209: 3186: 3161: 3154: 3133: 3122: 3111: 3097: 3086: 3070: 3055: 3042: 3027: 3018: 3009: 2996: 2983: 2970: 2961: 2949: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2905: 2893: 2882: 2871: 2860: 2847: 2836: 2821: 2812: 2797: 2785: 2765: 2754: 2736: 2725: 2714: 2703: 2692: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2600: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2556: 2547: 2534: 2525: 2514: 2501: 2488: 2475: 2463: 2450: 2441: 2428: 2419: 2406: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2362: 2353: 2344: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2299: 2286: 2270: 2261: 2248: 2235: 2220: 2207: 2194: 2179: 2166: 2153: 2140: 2127: 2109: 2096: 2083: 2069: 2056: 2040: 2024: 2017: 1999: 1974: 1953: 1916: 1908: 1907: 1897: 1888: 1878: 1877: 1870: 1867: 1863:Reconstruction 1827: 1824: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1704: 1703: 1685: 1684: 1675: 1672: 1665: 1596:Ocmulgee River 1581:Stone Mountain 1548:Main article: 1545: 1542: 1516: 1502: 1463:W. T. SHERMAN, 1416: 1413: 1381: 1378: 1359: 1284: 1281: 1257: 1256: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1178: 1175: 1166: 1130: 1099: 1096: 1066: 1064:Major-General. 1060:W. T. SHERMAN, 1037: 993:West Point, GA 938:July 19, 1864. 937: 931: 917:John Bell Hood 894:Kenner Garrard 889:, on July 22. 816: 813: 801:John Bell Hood 734: 719: 718: 708: 698: 595: 592: 580:Macon, Georgia 561:Columbia, S.C. 541: 540: 533: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 504: 503: 500: 489: 484:Atlanta Steam 482: 475: 472: 469: 458: 455: 452: 445: 438: 431: 374:quartermasters 343:Savannah River 286: 285: 282: 279: 278:owning slaves 273: 272: 269: 266: 262: 261: 258: 255: 249: 248: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 209: 205: 204: 201: 198: 188: 185: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5106: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5043:St. Augustine 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4947:Border states 4944: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4927:New York City 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4884: 4879: 4877: 4872: 4870: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4849: 4848: 4839: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4417:Stop Cop City 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4272:Atlanta Pride 4270: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3987:Spa shootings 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3927:Child murders 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3897:Race massacre 3895: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3634:0-8018-6116-0 3630: 3625: 3624: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3495:. Westholme. 3494: 3489: 3488: 3476: 3474:0-910719-00-4 3470: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3453: 3445: 3443:0-19-503863-0 3439: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3420: 3405: 3399: 3391: 3389:0-910719-00-4 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3368: 3360: 3358:0-87152-280-2 3354: 3350: 3343: 3341: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3240: 3232: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3212: 3210:0-87152-280-2 3206: 3202: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3157: 3151: 3147: 3140: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3115: 3109: 3104: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3066: 3059: 3053:, 1954 p. 654 3052: 3046: 3038: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2954: 2946: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2915: 2909: 2900: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2851: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2801: 2792: 2790: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2658: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2605: 2597: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2551: 2544: 2538: 2529: 2523: 2518: 2511: 2505: 2498: 2492: 2485: 2479: 2470: 2468: 2460: 2454: 2445: 2438: 2432: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2403: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2372: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2341: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2303: 2296: 2290: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2245: 2239: 2231: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2190: 2183: 2176: 2170: 2164:, p 9 116–117 2163: 2157: 2150: 2144: 2137: 2131: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2106: 2100: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2060: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2037: 2031: 2029: 2020: 2018:0-87152-280-2 2014: 2010: 2003: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1963: 1957: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1866: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1832: 1823: 1821: 1820:Bennett Place 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1551: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1515: 1511: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1467:Major-General 1465: 1455: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1436: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1422:George Thomas 1412: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1373: 1369: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1302: 1297: 1289: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1261:H. W. Halleck 1255: 1254:James Calhoun 1251: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1229:John W. Geary 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1174: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1065: 1062: 1051: 1047: 1036: 1031: 1024: 1023:sharpshooters 1019: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 965: 942: 936: 930: 923: 920: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 857: 853: 849: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 769: 766: 765:topographical 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 741: 735:J. F. GILMER, 733: 731: 725: 713: 709: 703: 699: 693: 689: 688: 685: 681: 677: 665: 661: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 628: 624: 620: 613: 609: 605: 600: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576: 571: 570: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 538: 534: 531: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 508: 507: 501: 498: 494: 490: 487: 483: 480: 476: 473: 470: 467: 463: 459: 456: 453: 450: 446: 443: 439: 436: 432: 429: 425: 422: 418: 414: 410: 409: 405: 400: 396: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 304:United States 301: 297: 293: 283: 280: 276:% of families 275: 274: 270: 267: 264: 263: 259: 256: 251: 250: 246: 243: 241:aggr. 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Retrieved 3174:the original 3164: 3145: 3125: 3114: 3089: 3081: 3064: 3058: 3050: 3045: 3036: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3007:, pp 360–375 3004: 2999: 2994:, pp 364–365 2991: 2986: 2978: 2973: 2964: 2944: 2939: 2930: 2921: 2913: 2908: 2885: 2874: 2863: 2858:, pp 345–347 2855: 2850: 2839: 2831: 2824: 2815: 2809:, pp 837–838 2806: 2800: 2780: 2757: 2749: 2728: 2717: 2706: 2695: 2687: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2659:, pp 433–634 2656: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2615: 2595: 2590: 2581: 2572: 2564: 2559: 2550: 2542: 2537: 2528: 2517: 2509: 2504: 2499:, pp 620–621 2496: 2491: 2486:, pp 625–626 2483: 2478: 2458: 2453: 2444: 2436: 2431: 2422: 2417:, pp 612–614 2414: 2409: 2401: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2370: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2342:, pp 597–603 2339: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2308: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2281: 2264: 2256: 2251: 2243: 2238: 2229: 2223: 2215: 2210: 2202: 2197: 2188: 2182: 2174: 2169: 2161: 2156: 2148: 2143: 2135: 2130: 2122: 2104: 2099: 2091: 2086: 2079: 2072: 2064: 2059: 2051: 2035: 2008: 2002: 1990:. 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Atlanta in the American Civil War

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