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Under democracy in ancient Greece, only free adult Greek males were enfranchised as full citizens. Women, foreigners, children and slaves were not full citizens; they could not vote or hold public office, and they had to have adult male citizens act as guardians of their property and other interests.
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to the state was unpaid after a certain time, for instance if someone was unable to pay a fine. There was no upper limit on the fines courts could impose and they could well be larger than a person's entire estate. Just as this debt was
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Atimia could be inflicted as a penalty by the courts for crimes such as bribery, embezzlement, false witness, and breach of duty as a public officer. A temporary form of atimia was automatically imposed if a
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Failure to abide by atimia was seen as an attack on the power of the people, represented by the courts that had imposed it. Failing to comply with atimia could lead to the
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ambition. Not being able to use the courts to defend oneself against enemies could be socially crippling. It also meant the loss of the small income that
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or value, was likewise disenfranchised and disempowered, making him unable to carry out the political functions of a
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and attendance at the assembly provided, which could be significant for poor people unable to work.
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