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uprooted and broken." Beginning in 2000, the Athens, Ohio, chapter of the
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) started the reclamation for the cemeteries, taking on the work that was once the responsibility of the Ohio Department of Mental Health." NAMI, Athens worked to help restore the cemeteries at the Asylum to its original state. The organization got "involved with other groups and organizations in a major effort to restore, beautify and demystify the three mental health grave yards located on the grounds of the old psychiatric hospital complex on The Ridges." "Since nearly the time of the opening of the cemeteries the State of Ohio has allowed families to erect private markers at the graves of their loved ones, There are very few graves marked in such a way, most likely because descendants are unaware of the opportunity."
570:"There are 1,930 people buried at the three cemeteries located at the Ridges. Of those, 700 women and 959 men lay under the headstones marked only with a number." There were some patients who had died that were reunited with their families and buried in cemeteries around their homes. By 1943, the State of Ohio began putting names, births, and deaths, on the markers of the patients who died. (Friends of Asylum, McCabe)It is unknown as to why the state switched from using only numbers to using names in order to verify who the deceased were, but this practice remained constant through the remainder of time that patients were buried up at the asylum. Although the newer stones had names, births, and deaths, the older stones that remained had not been replaced until recently.
447:, which would come to be seen as cruel, unnecessary, and inhumane. The availability of psychoactive drugs for the treatment of mental illnesses, as well as the increasing prevalence of psychological therapy, allowed for most patients to be treated without the need for internment in a prison-like institution. The asylum, among many others, declined throughout the latter half of the 20th century and eventually closed in 1993. However, the state hospital continued to function in Athens, with some patients and staff relocating to a newly constructed facility which, at the time of the transition in 1993, was called the Southeast Psychiatric Hospital. The psychiatric hospital in Athens - visible from the asylum - is now named Appalachian Behavioral Healthcare.
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Memorial Day
Ceremonies for the many veterans buried at the asylum. "Prior to 2005, the veterans had never received such honors. Indeed, neither they nor the others in those cemeteries had received more than a very austere burial - no personalized service whatsoever." NAMI started the Memorial Day Ceremonies to help restore dignity to the patients on the Ridges and to help recognize the sacrifice of the veterans, many who had probably suffered through post traumatic stress disorder as well as other post war symptoms.
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honors and only 19 have had any recognition. There are 80 veterans that are buried at the Ridges. Of these veterans two fought in the
Mexican War, sixty-eight fought in the Civil War, one was a member in the Confederate Army and another two veterans served with the United States Colored infantry. There are three veterans who served in the Spanish–American War, and seven fought in World War I. Some of the other veterans that are buried here were active duty in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
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diminished. Large asylums were slowly phased out, with most operations shifting to small outpatient centers scattered throughout the community. Because the asylums were typically located on a hill outside of the nearest municipal center, their degradation was able to occur out of sight and out of mind. Under private ownership, abandoned
Kirkbrides often languished unmaintained and unsecured, slowly being reclaimed by nature, as with
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585:"To find these "lost" veterans, they were found "through a special search within a broader research project to find background information on the over 1,900 patients buried in the Asylum's three cemeteries. With the Help of the Athens County Veterans Service Office and a special appropriation from the Athens county Commissioners flag stands and flags have been placed at the graves of all the veterans in the three cemeteries."
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423:(now an arts center), Beacon School, Athens Receiving Hospital, Center Hospital and the Tubercular Ward ("Cottage B"). Also built onto the main building were a laundry room and a boiler house. Seven cottages, including Cottage B, were constructed to house even more patients. While they had a smaller capacity than the main wards, they allowed for constructive grouping of patients in dormitory-like rooms.
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The land where the hospital was built originally belonged to the Arthur Coates and
Eliakim H. Moore farms. Ground was broken on November 5, 1868. The first iteration of the asylum consisted of only 141 acres (57 ha) and over the years, grew to occupy over 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land and 78
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Since the take over, more information has been found out about the patients that are buried in the three cemeteries. A large portion of the information that has been recovered is about the veterans that had spent the remaining days of their lives at the Asylum. Many of these veterans did not receive
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The second-most common cause of insanity, as recorded in the first annual report, was "intemperance and dissipation". In the hospital's first three years of operation, according to the annual report of 1876, eighty-one men and one woman were diagnosed as having their insanity caused by masturbation.
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The old tubercular ward, "Cottage B", which sat on a hill separated from the other buildings, was demolished by Ohio
University in 2013 due to the large number of college students exploring the dangerous structure. Cottage B was designed to early 1900s fireproofing standards and incorporated copious
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in New York. Since abandoned structures represent a serious insurance liability, there is incentive for the property owner to secure them, and abandoned property owned by colleges and universities may be especially easy targets for urban exploration, squatting, or vandalism by members of the student
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In accordance with the
Kirkbride Plan, the main building was to include a central administration building with a wing for men on one side and a wing for women on the other, each with their own separate dining halls. There was room to house 572 patients in the main building, almost double Kirkbride's
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asylums occupy a unique niche in the culture. As more than 70 were built across the nation (with 25 surviving as of 2019) they are a uniquely accessible and idyllic representation of the allures of urban exploration. Kirkbride Plan asylums have appeared in films and television, been the subjects of
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Myths and mystery surround a well-known site in southern Ohio, The Athens
Lunatic Asylum. The mystery is fueled, perhaps, because the public cannot access a majority of the information about patients who were treated and lived at the asylum. With special permission and filling out paperwork that is
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hospitalized during these first three years of the asylum's operation, the three leading causes of insanity are recorded as "puerperal condition" (51 women), "change of life" (32 women), and "menstrual derangements" (29 women). Women with postpartum depression or "hysteria" were labeled insane and
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The first patient of the Asylum was a 14-year-old girl with epilepsy, thought to be possessed by a demon. Epilepsy was considered a major cause of "insanity" and reason for admission to the hospital in the early years. The first annual report lists thirty-one men and nineteen women as having their
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By the 1980s the state no longer took care of the cemeteries which made it easy for outsiders to vandalize them. Natural occurrences also caused damage. The stones marking where patients were buried were in desperate need of repair. They were left to the elements and "hundreds of stones were left
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Records from the asylum document some of the now-discredited theories of the causes of mental illness, as well as the practice of harmful treatments, such as lobotomy. The Ohio
University archives collection information regarding employees' background training, which ranged from full training and
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By the early 1990s, many of the original buildings had fallen into disrepair, following a similar pattern of decline and neglect among
Kirkbride Plan asylums. As the mental healthcare industry transitioned away from large, centralized institutions, the will to support sprawling hospital complexes
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Athens Lunatic Asylum began operation on January 9, 1874. Within two years of its opening, the hospital was renamed The Athens Hospital for the Insane. Later, the hospital would be called the Athens Asylum for the Insane, the Athens State Hospital, the Southeastern Ohio Mental Health Center, the
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NAMI has also done other things to honor those who have served our country as well as the other patients who are buried in the cemeteries at the Ridges. Besides helping replace grave stones and keeping the grounds in proper condition, in 2005, the Ridges Cemeteries Committee has been organizing
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By the 1950s the hospital was the town's largest employer, with 1,800 patients on a 1,019-acre, 78-building campus. At its peak the Athens Lunatic Asylum served Adams, Athens, Gallia, Highland, Hocking, Jackson, Lawrence, Meigs, Morgan, Perry, Pike, Ross, Scioto, Vinton and Washington counties.
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The original hospital was in operation from 1874 to 1993. Although not a wholly self-sustaining facility, many Kirkbride Plan asylums functioned as cloistered communities, and for decades the hospital had livestock, farm fields and gardens, an orchard, greenhouses, a dairy, a physical plant to
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generate steam heat, and even a carriage shop. A large percentage of the work it took to maintain the facility was originally carried out by patients. Labor, especially skilled labor, was seen by the Kirkbride Plan as a form of therapy and was economically advantageous for the state.
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qualification to a complete lack thereof. Most disturbing is the documentation of hydrotherapy, electroshock, lobotomy, and early psychotropic drugs, many of which have been discredited today as extremely inhumane ways of treating a patient.
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acquired the property and renamed the complex and its surrounding grounds The Ridges. According to The Guide of Repository Holdings, the term "The Ridges" was derived from a naming contest in 1984 to re-describe the area and its purpose.
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required by the state of Ohio, some of the information can be accessed, however, those interested in finding out about the patients that walked through the doors of the Asylum can satisfy their curiosity by looking to the cemeteries.
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At Athens, the ownership of a stable funding authority (Ohio University) has ensured restoration of much of the original grounds, as envisioned by the original planners, in a mixed-use university development called The Ridges.
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in Massachusetts and the aforementioned Hudson River State Hospital in New York, fell into dangerous disrepair in the 1990s and 2000s and eventually underwent partial demolition to make way for new development.
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occupying a growing niche of public consciousness through entertainment and media, Kirkbride Plan asylums have enjoyed renewed public attention in the 2000s and 2010s. Two historically significant Kirkbrides,
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Tomes, Nancy. The Art of Asylum-Keeping: Thomas Story Kirkbride and the origins of American psychiatry. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1994 paperback reprint of 1984 hardcover.
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underwent a sea change in the 1950s. Research began to show that the mentally ill did not pose an inherent danger to their communities. The public became increasingly aware of procedures like
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Athens Mental Health Center, the Athens Mental Health and Mental Retardation Center, the Athens Mental Health and Developmental Center, and then (again) the Athens Mental Health Center.
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Annual Report of the Trustees of Athens Lunatic Asylum to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the Year Ending Nov. 15, 1872. Columbus: Nevins & Myers, State Printers. 1873.
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in a land swap with the state's Department of Mental Health. Under the ownership of Ohio University, the property was kept in relatively good shape and was maintained for reuse.
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Ziff, Katherine. Asylum and Community: connections between the Athens Lunatic Asylum and the village of Athens, 1867-1893. Ph.D. thesis. Ohio University. Athens, Ohio. 2004.
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insanity caused by epilepsy. General "ill health" accounted for the admission of thirty-nine men and forty-four women in the first three years of the hospital's operation.
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708:. Mahn Center for Archives & Special Collections - Alden Library - Ohio University - Athens, OH: Division of Hygiene and Division of Hygiene and Mental Health. n.d.
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Valenstein, Eliot. Great and Desperate Cures: the rise and decline of psychosurgery and other radical treatments for mental illness. New York: Basic Books, Inc. 1986.
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Ziff, K. K., Gladding, S. T., Bolin, S. C., & Shields, J. undefined. (2018). Asylum on the hill: history of a healing landscape. Athens: Ohio University Press.
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Annual Report of the Athens Hospital for the Insane to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the Year 1876. Columbus: Nevins & Myers, State Printers. 1877.
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El-Hai, Jack. The Lobotomist: a maverick medical genius and his tragic quest to rid the world of mental illness. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. 2005.
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Most buildings have been renovated and turned into classrooms and office buildings. The administration building is now the home of Kennedy Museum of Art
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Fifty-six men and one woman were diagnosed as having their insanity caused by "intemperance and dissipation" during this same period of time.
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McCabe, Doug (May 31, 2010). "Friends of the Athens Asylum Cemeteries". Manuscript Collection Mahon Center Athens Ohio.
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sent to recover in the institution. Women were often institutionalized for unnecessary or outright fallacious reasons.
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McCabe, Doug (May 31, 2010). "Veterans Day 2010 At The Ridges". Manuscript Collection, Mahon Center, Ohio University.
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Ailments such as menopause, alcohol addiction, and tuberculosis were cause for enrollment in the hospital. For the
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and house the Kennedy Museum of Art as well as an auditorium and many offices, classrooms, and storage facilities.
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Photo of the ballroom before a fire broke out and it was divided into two floors to help ease space restrictions.
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veterans, children, and those declared mentally unwell. After a period of disuse the property was redeveloped by
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Beatty, Elizabeth & Stone, Marjorie. Getting to Know Athens County. Athens, Ohio: The Stone House. 1984.
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Asylum and Community: Connections Between the Athens Lunatic Asylum and the Village of Athens 1867-1893
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Cordingley, Gary. Stories of Medicine in Athens County, Ohio. Baltimore: Gateway Press, Inc. 2006.
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asylums are most recognizably characterized by the staggered "bat-wing" floor plan of their wards,
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On the Construction, Organization and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane
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is also located at The Ridges, in a set of three separate buildings across the area.
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recommendation. The main building itself was 853 feet long and 60 feet in width.
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The asylum expanded to include specialized and ancillary buildings such as the
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2004 Ph.D. Dissertation of Katherine K. Ziff with full text and images.
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Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
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Athens Lunatic Asylum aka "The Ridges": A Guide to Repository Holdings
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333:. Some of Haerlin's other landscape designs are seen in Cincinnati's
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asbestos lining inside the walls, making it difficult to remediate.
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The former hospital is perhaps best known as a site of the infamous
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A map of The Ridges buildings with a description of each building
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notable photographers, and inspired fictional locations such as
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In 1993 the Athens Lunatic Asylum's property was deeded over to
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The design of the buildings and grounds were influenced by Dr.
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National Register of Historic Places in Athens County, Ohio
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George V. Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs
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sightings. After the hospital's original structure closed,
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operates a calendar for sculpting and exhibits. The
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Photo of the first night shift staff. Taken in 1873.
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian
519:Members of the Athens, Ohio, chapter of NAMI, the
398:Photo of the first day shift staff. Taken in 1873.
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437:mental healthcare industry in the United States
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99:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
950:High Definition video from Kirkbrides HD
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31:This article includes a list of general
2426:Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital
666:"The Ridges | Athens | Ohio University"
283:procedure, as well as various supposed
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2709:Protected areas of Athens County, Ohio
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2511:Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center
2481:Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane
2324:Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital
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938:Athens Mental Health Center Collection
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642:"National Register Information System"
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955:Asylum Projects website database info
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2659:Hospital buildings completed in 1874
1589:National Register of Historic Places
647:National Register of Historic Places
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2634:Callan Park Hospital for the Insane
2354:Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
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607:and Parsons State Insane Asylum in
521:National Alliance on Mental Illness
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272:. Today, The Ridges are a part of
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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2593:Eastern Washington State Hospital
2552:Central State Hospital (Kentucky)
2385:Central State Hospital (Virginia)
1259:University College and Affiliates
1094:Athens Ohio Halloween Block Party
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301:Design and architectural features
2506:Cherokee Mental Health Institute
2406:Central State Hospital (Indiana)
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1239:Health Sciences and Professions
835:"NAMI-Athens Memorial Day 2009"
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2547:Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum
1386:Ohio University Aquatic Center
919:. Athens, Ohio: Alden Library.
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451:Modern history and present day
337:and the Oval on the campus of
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2669:Psychiatric hospitals in Ohio
2664:Hospitals established in 1874
2588:Eastern Oregon State Hospital
2431:Mount Pleasant State Hospital
2122:Cuyahoga Valley National Park
1249:Leadership and Public Affairs
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537:Treatment and quality of care
174:Show map of the United States
2390:Spring Grove Hospital Center
466:body or the general public.
80:United States historic place
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2714:1874 establishments in Ohio
2466:Independence State Hospital
2411:Jacksonville State Hospital
2334:Hudson River State Hospital
2272:Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
2127:National Historic Landmarks
932:Map and Index of The Ridges
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463:Hudson River State Hospital
381:Operating years (1874-1993)
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2319:Northampton State Hospital
1219:Engineering and Technology
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2699:Defunct hospitals in Ohio
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2304:New Jersey State Hospital
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2598:Mendocino State Hospital
2496:Northern Michigan Asylum
2461:Winnebago State Hospital
2436:St. Peter State Hospital
2421:Wisconsin State Hospital
2359:Worcester State Hospital
1089:Great Society Initiative
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212:Architectural style
2562:Arkansas State Hospital
2491:Clarinda State Hospital
2486:Kankakee State Hospital
2476:Columbus State Hospital
2380:St. Elizabeths Hospital
2339:Danville State Hospital
2277:Richard Snowden Andrews
1457:Walter S. Gamertsfelder
1437:William Holmes McGuffey
1320:Swimming and diving (W)
1120:Baker University Center
734:"Athens Asylum History"
52:more precise citations.
2567:Terrell State Hospital
2532:Jackson State Hospital
2527:Western State Hospital
2364:Danvers State Hospital
2344:Buffalo State Hospital
2329:Dixmont State Hospital
2314:Taunton State Hospital
2221:Thomas Story Kirkbride
2140:Keeper of the Register
792:"NAMI-Athens:Projects"
492:Danvers State Hospital
350:Thomas Story Kirkbride
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108:U.S. Historic district
2613:Patton State Hospital
2608:Oregon State Hospital
2583:Agnews State Hospital
2537:Austin State Hospital
2501:Nevada State Hospital
2471:Athens Lunatic Asylum
2456:Topeka State Hospital
2416:Dayton State Hospital
2349:Warren State Hospital
2160:Contributing property
1516:WOUB Public Media - (
1477:Lori Stewart Gonzalez
740:on September 29, 2017
690:McCabe, Doug (1993).
652:National Park Service
362:High Victorian Gothic
339:Ohio State University
335:Spring Grove Cemetery
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309:The Ridges Auditorium
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244:Athens Lunatic Asylum
91:Athens State Hospital
2629:Nova Scotia Hospital
2446:Elgin State Hospital
1234:Osteopathic Medicine
960:Photos of The Ridges
718:: CS1 maint: year (
441:electroshock therapy
2603:Napa State Hospital
2441:Anna State Hospital
1467:Roderick J. McDavis
1447:William Henry Scott
1196:Arts & Sciences
1079:Northwest Territory
1074:Northwest Ordinance
979: /
798:on November 7, 2012
654:. January 23, 2007.
431:Decline and closure
2557:Broughton Hospital
2202:The Kirkbride Plan
1396:Convocation Center
940:at Ohio University
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2257:Nathaniel Bradlee
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1300:Cross-Country (W)
1295:Cross-Country (M)
983:39.317°N 82.100°W
908:978-0-465-02711-8
898:978-0-8122-1539-7
888:978-0-471-23292-6
878:978-0-615-21867-0
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1442:Alfred Ryors
1432:James Irvine
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1376:Pruitt Field
1371:Chessa Field
1345:Marching 110
1335:Hall of Fame
1170:Proctorville
1165:Pickerington
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1084:Rufus Putnam
1044:Athens, Ohio
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487:modern ruins
480:
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384:
375:
372:Construction
366:
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320:
278:
262:Athens, Ohio
260:operated in
250:
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241:
188:Athens, Ohio
64:
55:
36:
15:
2110:Other lists
1150:Chillicothe
1110:Cutler Hall
986: /
845:January 25,
802:January 25,
675:February 2,
377:buildings.
50:introducing
2653:Categories
2576:West Coast
2240:Architects
2216:Physicians
2081:Cincinnati
2024:Washington
1999:Tuscarawas
1889:Montgomery
1679:Columbiana
1487:Presidents
1452:Irma Voigt
1366:Bird Arena
1340:Traditions
1315:Volleyball
1209:Journalism
1180:Zanesville
1140:The Ridges
1039:Located in
857:References
589:In culture
562:Cemeteries
421:Dairy Barn
331:Cincinnati
285:paranormal
248:The Ridges
58:April 2008
33:references
2297:Northeast
2228:Advocates
2086:Cleveland
1904:Muskingum
1809:Jefferson
1719:Fairfield
1684:Coshocton
1659:Champaign
1624:Ashtabula
1602:by county
1325:Wrestling
1268:Athletics
1224:Fine Arts
1214:Education
1160:Lancaster
714:cite book
610:Fallout 4
531:battalion
327:Cleveland
266:Civil War
202:Architect
2101:Sandusky
2091:Columbus
2034:Williams
2009:Van Wert
1994:Trumbull
1964:Sandusky
1954:Richland
1929:Pickaway
1919:Paulding
1854:Mahoning
1824:Lawrence
1784:Highland
1774:Harrison
1759:Hamilton
1754:Guernsey
1729:Franklin
1709:Delaware
1704:Defiance
1694:Cuyahoga
1689:Crawford
1669:Clermont
1634:Auglaize
1547:Category
1511:The Post
1305:Football
1229:Graduate
1200:Business
1189:Colleges
617:See also
445:lobotomy
443:and the
343:Columbus
281:lobotomy
227:80002936
184:Location
2399:Midwest
2117:Bridges
2044:Wyandot
1939:Portage
1849:Madison
1829:Licking
1804:Jackson
1789:Hocking
1764:Hancock
1724:Fayette
1674:Clinton
1654:Carroll
1639:Belmont
1619:Ashland
1538:: 1804
1536:Founded
1482:Faculty
1275:Bobcats
1155:Ironton
1135:Airport
1059:History
1052:History
971:39°19′N
744:June 4,
296:History
46:improve
2209:People
2096:Dayton
2019:Warren
2014:Vinton
1989:Summit
1979:Shelby
1974:Seneca
1969:Scioto
1949:Putnam
1944:Preble
1914:Ottawa
1899:Morrow
1894:Morgan
1884:Monroe
1874:Mercer
1864:Medina
1859:Marion
1839:Lorain
1794:Holmes
1769:Hardin
1749:Greene
1744:Geauga
1739:Gallia
1734:Fulton
1649:Butler
1629:Athens
1412:Alumni
1405:People
1354:Arenas
1145:Athens
1103:Campus
974:82°6′W
906:
896:
886:
876:
604:Batman
253:was a
35:, but
2520:South
2076:Akron
2029:Wayne
2004:Union
1984:Stark
1924:Perry
1909:Noble
1879:Miami
1869:Meigs
1844:Lucas
1834:Logan
1799:Huron
1779:Henry
1699:Darke
1664:Clark
1644:Brown
1614:Allen
1609:Adams
1600:Lists
1496:Media
1330:Other
1280:Rufus
629:Notes
481:With
456:1990s
194:Built
2039:Wood
1959:Ross
1934:Pike
1819:Lake
1814:Knox
1714:Erie
1593:Ohio
1310:Golf
904:ISBN
894:ISBN
884:ISBN
874:ISBN
847:2012
804:2012
746:2018
720:link
677:2024
528:ROTC
525:Army
485:and
435:The
242:The
197:1868
1591:in
1130:ARC
601:in
341:in
325:of
222:No.
2655::
1524:AM
1521:FM
1518:TV
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