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a few kits, MCP became convinced there was a much bigger market for an improved model sold as a completed working system. However the original kit version lacked many features that prevented its use as a serious computer system. Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, (adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80/64 column text mode support, (with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP/M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64×16 portion of the 80×25 screen) with an improved font set (adding "gray scale" version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special
678:, in fact in the 256x192 mode the display mode was virtually identical to the video of the ZX Spectrum. The color memory was also available in the "normal" TRS-80 and CP/M text modes, which meant that existing TRS-80 and CP/M software could be easily modified to add color. This video card would also support fast scrolling of high resolution color screens for games, because it had the indirection of the character pointers, so it was possible to quickly scroll the high resolution display, (or use other effects) by simply manipulating the 1920/1024 bytes of text video instead of the 24,576 bytes of high-resolution video memory.
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the LAN could broadcast to all other computers. The floppy based system was operated by the teacher who could send programs from his floppy disk, and data, to the student's disk-less systems thanks to the special BIOS in those systems. The students could send programs and data back to the teacher through the same LAN, or could save to a cassette recorder built into the disk-less units. Through a special "video-switch" the teacher was also able to see a copy of each student's display on his own screen. About a thousand of such systems were sold for many hundreds of Dutch schools.
669:, supported by an extended character memory of the video card that did not use one (8 bit) byte per character, but an 11 bit "word", so it could address each one of the available 2048 unique programmable characters. This meant it could provide a separate programmable character for all of the 1024 (64x16) or 2000 (80x25) characters on the screen. By filling the character pointer memory with values from zero to 1999 this essentially turned the text mode display into a very high resolution graphics mode, with the "font memory", acting as the high resolution
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on the type of disk, reorganise the internal memory architecture of the system, to either be 100% TRS-80 compatible or optimally support CP/M, with as much "workspace" as possible, and the 80×25 video mode. It also was responsible for switching to ROM BASIC when the system was turned on with the break key pressed, and later supported a primitive LAN system, using the RS-232 port with modified cabling. The very first of the ready made computers were sold with the "kit" versions of the euro cards, the version with redesigned cards came a month or so later.
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448:. Initially Aster computer b.v. was called MCP (Music print Computer Product), because it was specialized in producing computer assisted printing of sheet music. The director of the company was interested in Microprocessor technology and noticed there was a market for selling kits to computer building amateurs, so they started selling electronic kits to hobbyists, and employed four persons at that time . They also assembled kits for people without soldering skills, especially the "
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interface was expensive and due to its design it was also unreliable. So they decided to also develop their own alternative in the form of an improved floppy disk controller and printer interface that could be built right into a floppy disk enclosure. The lack of RAM expansion offered by this solution was solved by a service in which the 16 KB RAM chips inside the base unit would be replaced by 64 KB RAM chips. While this went on MCP renamed itself to
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The display logic and resulting display 'snow' was irritating, as was the missing lower case support, the CPU speed could be improved, the quality and layout of the keyboard was bothersome, and the floppy disk capacity and reliability was low. Also the more interesting software offered for CP/M systems could not run well on a TRS-80. So they decided to design a TRS-80 and CP/M software-compatible computer system, which (following the lead of
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192 pixels (in 32x16 character mode), or 320 x 300 pixels (in 40x25 character mode) were also possible. The video card also supported 16 foreground and 16 background colors per character, by providing one byte per character position (2K) of "color ram". One nibble of such a byte then controlled the foreground color, and the other nibble controlled the background color, a system very similar to the
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because their computer met all the technical and other demands, including the demand that the computers should be of Dutch origin and should be built in the
Netherlands. Another important demand was that the computers could be used in a network (Aster developed special software and hardware for that). Later however the Government turned around and gave 50% of the order to
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teacher, and eight disk less versions for the pupils. The pupils could download software from the teachers computer through a network based on a fast serial connection, as well as sending back their work to the teachers computer. There was also hardware in place through which the teacher could see the display of each pupils screen on his own monitor.
349:, (with a software selectable throttle to the original speed for compatibility purposes) and the display supported upper and lower case, hardware snow suppression (video ram bus arbitration logic), and an improved character font set. The floppy disk interface supported dual density, and disk capacities up to 800
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The Aster was chosen for Dutch schools by the Dutch ministry of education, in a set-up with eight disk-less Asters, and one Aster with high-capacity floppy drives all connected by a LAN based on the Aster's high-speed serial port hardware, and special cables that permitted that any single computer on
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for the
Eurocards) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply. A software engineer was hired to write the special "dual boot mode" BIOS and the special CP/M BIOS. The "dual boot mode" BIOS actually discovered whether a TRS-DOS, or Aster CP/M disk was placed in the drive, and would, depending
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floppy disk controller card and one "keyboard/RS-232/cassette interface" card. Plus a "backplane card", (which connected all the other cards) and a keyboard. And was intended for hobbyists, to be sold as a kit consisting of the parts and the PCB's for the computer and attached keyboard. After selling
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After designing their own fully functional replacement for the TRS-80 expansion interface (which was never commercialized) the company realized that they could do better than just re-designing the expansion interface. They observed that the TRS-80 was a great computer but it lacked in several areas.
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For the educational market a version of the first model was produced with a new plastic enclosure (the First Asters had an all-metal enclosure) that also had an opening on the top in which a cassette recorder could be placed. This model was used in a cluster with one Aster (with disk drives) for the
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video memory. Because the characters were 8 x 12 pixels this meant that video resolutions of 512 x 192 pixels (in 64x16 character mode), or 640 x 300 pixels (in 80x25 character mode) were created, which was quite high for the time. The "double width" mode of the TRS-80 was also supported, so 256 x
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To enhance and modernize the Aster CT-80 the company also designed three alternative video display adapters to supplement or replace the TRS-80 compatible video card, (due to the modular nature of the Aster it was simply a matter of changing the video card, and/or CPU card to upgrade the system):
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computer which solved many of the same problems that the Aster also had solved, but the model 3 still did not fully support CP/M as the Aster did. In the meantime IBM had released its original IBM PC, which incidentally looked remarkably like the Asters base with floppy drives + separate keyboard
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floppy disk controller chip without an external "data separator". To fix this problem MCP developed a small plugin board which could be plugged into the socket for the WD1771, and which contained a data separator, and a socket for the WD1791 to support dual-density operation. Still, the expansion
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board, and additional 512K 16 bit memory boards. Such replacements of CPU and memory system components were possible because the Aster CT-80 was designed to use a backplane that was designed to support both 8 and 16 bit processors, and used a modular
Eurocard based design with slots to spare for
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Most Aster CT-80's (about 10 thousand of them) were sold to schools for computer education, in a project first known as the "honderd scholen project" (one hundred schools project), but which later involved many more than just one hundred schools. MCP received this order from the Dutch government
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A replacement card for the original TRS-80 compatible video card, software compatible to the original one, but with added color and very high resolution capabilities. was also on the drawing board. Based on a newer, slightly more flexible, version of the Asters original
531:). Why they went with Aster, and not the more well known Tulip is unknown, perhaps they thought it would be to presumptuous, or perhaps the fact that "Aster" is also a Dutch girls' name has something to do with it. Remarkably "Aster" was also the name given to a Dutch
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from
Sinclair. Among the kits sold there were also alternative floppy disk drives for TRS-80 computers. But these needed the infamous TRS-80 expansion interface, which was very expensive, and had a very unreliable floppy disk controller because it used the
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Soon the little shop became much too small and they moved to a much larger factory building nearby (formerly a window glass factory), and started mass-producing the Aster for a period of a few years, in which time its staff grew twentyfold.
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Because of cash flow problems (resulting from growing too fast, insufficient financial backing, technical problems, and a sudden problem with Z80 processor deliveries) the company suddenly folded even before it came to full fruition.
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like characters), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, (in the form of a
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The first kit version running Newdos/80. The 64x16 TRS-80 mode uses only a portion of the monitor, because the letters are the same size as the 80×25 CP/M screen. It was fixed with the redesign to a commercial
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and had the unique feature of supporting two fundamentally different internal architectures: when turned on without a boot floppy or with a TRS-DOS floppy, the Aster would be fully
304:, (TPA) and a full 80×25 display, and it could be used as a Videotext terminal. Although the Aster was a clone of the TRS-80 Model I it was in fact more compatible with the
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company MCP (later renamed to Aster
Computers), was sold in its first incarnation as a kit for hobbyists. Later it was sold ready to use. It consisted of several
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configuration. It was the first commercially available Dutch personal/home computer. The Aster computer could use the software written for the popular Tandy
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Pictures of the Aster CT-80 model one from a
Spanish computer museum, the educational model with an opening for a cassette player is the one on the right
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6545, it worked by adding a new video mode, one with the ability to reprogram an extended, (2048 characters instead of 256 characters) version of the
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With a special configuration tool, the CT-80 could reconfigure its floppy drivers to read and write the floppies of about 80 other CP/M systems.
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128 x 48 black and white graphics; 32 x 16, 64 x 16 and 80 x 25 characters black and white text; (256 x 192 in 16 colors graphics with optional
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chip designed for graphic terminals, but was also used by some personal computers like the DEC Rainbow, and notably also for the Tulip System I.
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drives on the front, and a monitor on top with a separate detachable keyboard. The second incarnation was a much smaller unit the width of two 5
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Command Console Processor
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expansion. In theory the system could support the Z80 and the 8086 simultaneously. Plans were formulated to support CP/M-86 and even MS-DOS.
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floppy, the Aster would reconfigure its internal memory architecture on the fly to optimally support CP/M with 60 KB free RAM for programs (
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and ran all the software of these systems including games. It also had a built-in speaker which was compatible with such games software.
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Most of the engineers who designed the hardware and software of the Aster went on to design hardware and software for the (then new)
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computers, designed for gaming, and more creative and colorful educational software. A working prototype of this card was finished.
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computer which was a few months earlier, but which was designed and sold as a minicomputer at ten times the price of the Aster.
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None of these extensions to the system became available because the company folded before any of them could be released.
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Reflections on the
History of Computers in Education: Early Use of Computers and Teaching about Computing in Schools
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A picture of the Aster CT-80 model three without cover (Computermuseumgroningen does not have this item anymore)
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interface, and the necessary software. A working prototype was developed that added a 40MB hard disk.
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interface of the Aster to control a modem through which it could contact a
Prestel service provider.
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terminal with a 40x25 display and a
Videotex character set, The software used the built in
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515:) they decided to name after a "typical Dutch flower". So they called it the Aster CT-80 (
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homecomputer even though the P2000 did not meet all the technical demands, was made in
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computer while fixing many of the problems of that computer, but it could also run
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Voogt, Joke; ten Brummelhuis, Alfons (2014), Tatnall, Arthur; Davey, Bill (eds.),
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computer firm to name their computer after another typical Dutch flower—the
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and hardware text line and arc drawing capability, was designed for
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A hard disk interface was also in the works, which would, add a
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compatible, with 48 KB of RAM. When the boot loader detected a
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but ran into problems with the German computer magazine
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system for a company called "Micro Technology b.v.".
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
622:A very High resolution monochrome video card with
538:The first version of the Aster consisted of four "
875:Preliminary manual for the Aster CT-80 (in Dutch)
602:which appeared about the same time Aster folded.
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822:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 83–93,
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341:All units ran much faster than the original
754:"Yet another computer museum - Aster CT-80"
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1217:Computer-related introductions in 1982
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1222:Computers designed in the Netherlands
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546:CPU card with 64 KB memory, one
700:Finally a replacement for the aging
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16:1982 personal computer
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942:TRS-80 Color Computer
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143:MCP / Aster Computers
43:improve this article
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782:www.museo8bits.com
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58:"Aster CT-80"
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1125:Technologies
1094:CP 400 COLOR
1084:Dragon 32/64
1054:Colour Genie
1038:
1000:TRS-80 MC-10
841:, retrieved
819:
809:
802:Holborn 9100
796:
785:. Retrieved
781:
772:
761:. Retrieved
757:
748:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
711:
699:
688:
681:
616:
604:
590:
586:
582:
574:
570:
565:19-inch rack
537:
528:
524:
520:
516:
509:
501:Olivetti M20
475:
471:
439:
418:
402:
399:
376:
367:
340:
315:
290:19-inch rack
262:
260:
158:Release date
140:Manufacturer
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1114:Matra Alice
1049:Video Genie
1039:Aster CT-80
938:/12/16/6000
676:ZX Spectrum
632:NEC μPD7220
486:Video Genie
460:), and the
395:LOBO Max-80
361:compatible
263:Aster CT-80
245:NEC μPD7220
229:NEC μPD7220
122:Aster CT-80
1191:Categories
1148:RadioShack
979:Tandy 3000
974:Tandy 2000
969:Tandy 1000
843:2024-06-12
787:2024-06-12
763:2024-06-12
739:2024-06-12
716:References
706:Intel 8086
424:and their
265:is a 1982
239:(optional
99:April 2024
69:newspapers
540:Eurocards
446:Gorinchem
355:NewDos/80
286:backplane
282:DIN 41612
195:Zilog Z80
1141:See also
1099:Color 64
663:Rockwell
659:Motorola
580:set-up.
548:Motorola
497:Apple II
495:and the
472:MCP CHIP
405:Videotex
275:Eurocard
236:Graphics
134:product.
1089:MX-1600
1079:CD-6809
647:TI-99/4
643:TMS9918
624:blitter
597:Tulip's
560:PETSCII
542:", one
454:Elektor
452:" from
436:Company
430:Austria
422:Philips
359:TRS-DOS
345:, at 4
329:⁄
241:TMS9918
225:TMS9918
220:Display
179:TRS-DOS
165:1982-06
163: (
83:scholar
1212:TRS-80
1064:Max-80
1044:LNW-80
1025:Clones
925:TRS-80
918:Series
834:
639:sprite
551:MC6845
493:ABC 80
484:, the
482:TRS-80
467:WD1771
409:RS-232
383:TRS-80
343:TRS-80
322:floppy
318:IBM PC
312:Models
294:TRS-80
255:Beeper
202:Memory
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1104:VC 50
1059:D8000
593:Dutch
507:CPU.
505:Z8000
490:Luxor
458:KIM-1
442:Arkel
426:P2000
415:Sales
336:Apple
280:with
278:PCB's
271:Dutch
252:Sound
205:64 KB
90:JSTOR
76:books
986:/200
962:PC-3
957:PC-2
952:PC-1
832:ISBN
695:ZCPR
684:SCSI
649:and
523:andy
519:P/M/
477:CHIP
462:ZX80
387:CP/M
298:CP/M
261:The
183:CP/M
148:Type
62:news
824:doi
702:Z80
691:CCP
651:MSX
628:CAD
607:MSX
544:Z80
391:TPA
379:RAM
347:MHz
243:or
197:@ 4
190:CPU
45:by
1193::
830:,
818:,
780:.
756:.
732:.
697:.
529:80
527:19
397:.
351:KB
181:,
1027:,
903:e
896:t
889:v
826::
790:.
766:.
742:.
525:-
521:T
517:C
331:4
327:1
247:)
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97:(
87:·
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39:.
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