22:
30:
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there is always a possibility of damaging the Pins/Connectors on the Back-plane, this may cause full outage for the system as all boards mounted on the back-plane should be removed in order to fix the system. Therefore, we are seeing newer architectures where systems use high speed redundant connectivity to interconnect system boards point to point with No Single Point of
Failure anywhere in the system.
202:
can be provided with 20, including the SBC slot, as a practical though not an absolute limit. Thus, a PICMG backplane can provide any number and any mix of ISA, PCI, PCI-X, and PCI-e slots, limited only by the ability of the SBC to interface to and drive those slots. For example, an SBC with the latest i7 processor could interface with a backplane providing up to 19 ISA slots to drive legacy I/O cards.
198:, providing processing power, memory, I/O and slots for plug-in cards. While there are a few motherboards that offer more than 8 slots, that is the traditional limit. In addition, as technology progresses, the availability and number of a particular slot type may be limited in terms of what is currently offered by motherboard manufacturers.
218:, where server blades reside on one side and the peripheral (power, networking, and other I/O) and service modules reside on the other. Midplanes are also popular in networking and telecommunications equipment where one side of the chassis accepts system processing cards and the other side of the chassis accepts network interface cards.
177:
single, is not usually considered a SPOF. Active back-planes are even more complicated and thus have a non-zero risk of malfunction. However one situation that can cause disruption both in the case of Active and
Passive Back-planes is while performing maintenance activities i.e. while swapping boards
201:
However, backplane architecture is somewhat unrelated to the SBC technology plugged into it. There are some limitations to what can be constructed, in that the SBC chip set and processor have to provide the capability of supporting the slot types. In addition, virtually an unlimited number of slots
118:
In addition, there are bus expansion cables which will extend a computer bus to an external backplane, usually located in an enclosure, to provide more or different slots than the host computer provides. These cable sets have a transmitter board located in the computer, an expansion board in the
103:. In a cabled system, the cables need to be flexed every time that a card is added or removed from the system; this flexing eventually causes mechanical failures. A backplane does not suffer from this problem, so its service life is limited only by the longevity of its connectors. For example,
210:
Some backplanes are constructed with slots for connecting to devices on both sides, and are referred to as midplanes. This ability to plug cards into either side of a midplane is often useful in larger systems made up primarily of modules attached to the midplane.
228:
A "virtual midplane" is an imaginary plane between vertical cards on one side that directly connect to horizontal boards on the other side; the card-slot aligners of the card cage and self-aligning connectors on the cards hold the cards in position.
508:
240:
Servers commonly have a backplane to attach hot swappable hard disk drives and solid state drives; backplane pins pass directly into hard drive sockets without cables. They may have single connector to connect one
111:
system) have three durability grades built to withstand (respectively) 50, 400 and 500 insertions and removals, or "mating cycles". To transmit information, Serial Back-Plane technology uses a
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460:
162:
True passive backplanes offer no active bus driving circuitry. Any desired arbitration logic is placed on the daughter cards. Active backplanes include chips which
131:
ISA Passive
Backplane showing connectors and parallel signal traces on back side. Only components are connectors, capacitors, resistors and voltage indicator LEDs.
221:
Orthogonal midplanes connect vertical cards on one side to horizontal boards on the other side. One common orthogonal midplane connects many vertical telephone
232:
Some people use the term "midplane" to describe a board that sits between and connects a hard drive hot-swap backplane and redundant power supplies.
444:
53:
in parallel with each other, so that each pin of each connector is linked to the same relative pin of all the other connectors, forming a
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The distinction between the two isn't always clear, but may become an important issue if a whole system is expected to not have a
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or multiple connectors that can be connected to one or more controllers in arbitrary way. Backplanes are commonly found in
315:
A single-board computer meeting the PICMG 1.3 specification and compatible with a PICMG 1.3 backplane is referred to as a
112:
148:
80:
by the lack of on-board processing and storage elements. A backplane uses plug-in cards for storage and processing.
374:
225:
on one side, each one connected to copper telephone wires, to a horizontal communications card on the other side.
330:, 1.1 and 1.2 provide ISA and PCI support, with 1.2 adding PCIX support. PICMG 1.3 provides PCI-Express support.
136:
163:
147:
style where all the connectors were connected to a common bus. Due to limitations inherent in the
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170:
100:
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50:
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57:. It is used to connect several printed circuit boards together to make up a complete
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Karanassios, V.; Horlick, G. (August 1985). "Backplane bus structures and systems".
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344:
58:
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Karanassios, V.; Horlick, G. (August 1985). "Smart backplanes—I: The apple II".
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Karanassios, V.; Horlick, G. (August 1985). "Smart backplanes—II: The IBM PC".
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93:
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Backplanes are normally used in preference to cables because of their greater
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509:"HP StorageWorks Modular Smart Array 70 Enclosure - Replacing the Backplane"
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21:
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89:
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445:"Orthogonal Backplane Connector Technology Offers Design Flexibility"
359:
327:
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151:(PCI) specification for driving slots, backplanes are now offered as
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104:
66:
400:
401:"Serial Back-Plane Technologies in Advanced Avionics Architectures"
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29:
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127:
369:
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140:
108:
323:
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261:
34:
458:"High-Speed Orthogonal Connectors Optimize Signal Integrity"
194:(SHB), the combination provides the same functionality as a
173:(SPOF) . Common myth around passive backplane, even if it
379:
497:"Virtual Midplane Realizes Ultrafast Card Interconnects"
260:
Backplanes for SAS and SATA HDDs most commonly use the
122:
302:
181:
135:
Backplanes have grown in complexity from the simple
16:
Group of electrical connectors specifically aligned
688:
651:
614:
214:Midplanes are often used in computers, mostly in
727:
326:provides standards for the backplane interface:
25:Major components on a PICMG 1.3 active backplane
264:protocol as means of communication between the
119:remote backplane, and a cable between the two.
76:A backplane is generally differentiated from a
115:transmission method for sending information.
521:"Intel Server System SR2612UR Service Guide"
322:In the Intel Single-Board Computer world,
405:24th Digital Avionics Systems Conference
398:
292:
235:
186:When a backplane is used with a plug-in
126:
28:
20:
92:used a backplane for the processor and
728:
88:Early microcomputer systems like the
33:Wire-wrapped backplane from a 1960s
123:Active vis-à-vis passive backplanes
73:and high-reliability applications.
13:
608:
166:the various signals to the slots.
113:low-voltage differential signaling
69:backplanes have also been used in
14:
747:
586:"PICMG 1.3 SHB Express Resources"
268:and the backplane. Alternatively
182:Backplanes vis-à-vis motherboards
149:Peripheral Component Interconnect
375:Eurocard (printed circuit board)
578:
552:
526:
514:
502:
489:
470:
450:
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392:
137:Industry Standard Architecture
1:
562:. Picmgeu.org. Archived from
536:. Picmgeu.org. Archived from
385:
703:10.1016/0039-9140(85)80157-0
666:10.1016/0039-9140(85)80156-9
629:10.1016/0039-9140(85)80155-7
283:
139:(ISA) (used in the original
61:. Backplanes commonly use a
7:
588:. Picmg.org. Archived from
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205:
10:
752:
499:. Electronic Design. 2002.
308:
413:10.1109/DASC.2005.1563416
534:"PICMG 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2"
399:Varnavas, Kosta (2005).
288:
107:connectors (used in the
83:
270:SCSI Enclosure Services
171:single point of failure
477:"AirMax VS Orthogonal"
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132:
38:
26:
463:28 April 2015 at the
299:single-board computer
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243:disk array controller
236:Backplanes in storage
188:single-board computer
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63:printed circuit board
51:electrical connectors
32:
24:
482:14 June 2014 at the
592:on 30 November 2012
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272:can be used. With
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27:
422:978-0-7803-9307-3
317:System Host Board
301:installed into a
192:system host board
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495:Michael Fowler.
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443:Kevin O’Connor.
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47:backplane system
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609:Further reading
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540:on 26 June 2012
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484:Wayback Machine
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465:Wayback Machine
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407:. Vol. 2.
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345:Switched fabric
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247:disk enclosures
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94:expansion cards
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59:computer system
17:
12:
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5:
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736:Computer buses
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697:(8): 615–631.
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660:(8): 601–614.
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623:(8): 583–599.
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309:Main article:
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49:is a group of
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350:Daughterboard
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274:Parallel SCSI
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71:minicomputers
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596:20 September
594:. Retrieved
590:the original
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570:20 September
568:. Retrieved
564:the original
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544:20 September
542:. Retrieved
538:the original
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276:subsystems,
266:host adapter
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67:wire-wrapped
55:computer bus
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42:
40:
37:minicomputer
18:
560:"PICMG 1.3"
340:Motherboard
251:disk arrays
196:motherboard
101:reliability
90:Altair 8800
78:motherboard
674:4928218486
386:References
223:line cards
711:269384774
637:269384772
360:SS-50 Bus
328:PICMG 1.0
305:backplane
284:Platforms
280:is used.
190:(SBC) or
105:DIN 41612
43:backplane
730:Category
719:18963979
682:18963978
645:18963977
480:Archived
461:Archived
355:M-Module
334:See also
206:Midplane
691:Talanta
654:Talanta
617:Talanta
467:. 2011.
447:. 2010.
431:8974309
365:STD Bus
303:passive
255:servers
153:passive
717:
709:
680:
672:
643:
635:
456:Pete.
429:
419:
370:STEbus
278:SAF-TE
253:, and
164:buffer
157:active
141:IBM PC
109:VMEbus
65:, but
427:S2CID
324:PICMG
311:PICMG
289:PICMG
262:SGPIO
145:S-100
143:) or
84:Usage
35:PDP-8
715:PMID
707:OCLC
678:PMID
670:OCLC
641:PMID
633:OCLC
598:2012
572:2012
546:2012
417:ISBN
155:and
699:doi
662:doi
625:doi
409:doi
380:VXI
45:or
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693:.
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639:.
631:.
621:32
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403:.
319:.
297:A
257:.
249:,
175:is
159:.
96:.
41:A
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684:.
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647:.
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600:.
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511:.
486:.
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411::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
