167:
310:. Practitioners were typically members of the educated elite, as most grimoires were written in Latin. One such case in 1444, Inquisitor Gaspare Sighicelli took action against a group active in Bologna. Marco Mattei of Gesso and friar Jacopo of Viterbo confessed to taking part in magical practices. Nigromancy may include, but is not a synonym for,
373:
is the art of divination which consisted of signs and patterns from flames. There are many variations of pyromancy depending on the material thrown into a fire and it is thought to be used for sacrifices to the gods and that the deity is present within the flames with priests interpreting the omens
385:
is a form of divination based on reading palms and based on intuitions and symbolism with some symbols tying into astrology. A line from a person's hand that resembles a square is considered a bad omen whereas a triangle would be a good omen. This idea comes from the trine and square aspect in the
1473:
361:
divination consisted in tossing sand, dirt, or seeds into the air and studying and interpreting the patterns of the dust cloud or the settling of the seeds. This also includes divination coming from thunder, comets, falling stars, and the shape of clouds.
326:
was one of the more popular forms of divination practiced during the
Renaissance. It is a form of divination in which any question may be answered by casting sand, stone, or dirt on the ground and reading the shapes, using tables of
346:. Water is used as a medium for scrying to allow the practitioner to see illusionary pictures within it. Hydromancy originated from Babylonia and was popular during Byzantine times whereas in medieval Europe, it was associated with
401:
was a form of divination using an animal's scapula. The scapula would be broken and based on how it was broken, it could be used to read the future. It was generally broken by heating it with hot coals until it broke.
1807:
146:
251:
disciplines (viz., geomancy, hydromancy, aeromancy, pyromancy) is somewhat contrived. Chiromancy is the divination from a subject's palms as practiced by the
255:(at the time recently arrived in Europe), and scapulimancy is the divination from animal bones, in particular shoulder blades, as practiced in peasant
1417:
1330:
153:
298:
While the term "nigromancy" broadly construed includes the six associated divinatory practices, it more specifically refers to the
1535:
1505:
1736:
1705:
1642:
633:
1802:
1612:
1377:
751:
601:
538:
548:
Herzig, Tamar (Winter 2011). "The Demons and the Friars: Illicit Magic and
Mendicant Rivalry in Renaissance Bologna".
746:
201:
1520:
1144:
100:
1500:
1361:
726:
1838:
1586:
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23:
1401:
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758:
1425:
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139:
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806:
1663:
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1449:
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581:
Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of
Ancient Texts
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1673:
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275:
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8:
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689:
557:
303:
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213:
105:
90:
1726:
1082:
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878:
209:
1267:
306:. Demonic magic was performed in groups surrounding a leader in possession of a
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768:
591:
1832:
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1302:
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682:
252:
174:
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Heiduk, Matthias; Herbers, Klaus; Lehner, Hans-Christian, eds. (2020).
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358:
236:
232:
61:
56:
773:
421:
419:
1808:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
1731:
1474:
Treatise on the
Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
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1174:
1092:
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in 1456. They were divided into seven types reflecting that of the
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46:
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343:
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125:
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1060:
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912:
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816:
1247:
1179:
947:
905:
482:
342:, a form of divination using water, is typically used with
443:
506:
472:
470:
431:
585:(2nd ed.). The Johns Hopkins University Press.
528:
425:
494:
467:
455:
531:Prognostication in the Medieval World: A Handbook
288:
1830:
1331:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
1418:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
627:
259:. Nigromancy is distinguished from scholarly
147:
593:A history of magic and experimental science
634:
620:
154:
140:
589:
488:
449:
641:
165:
1831:
1737:List of people executed for witchcraft
547:
437:
181:ritual to invoke a spirit in a church
1706:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
615:
576:
512:
500:
476:
461:
13:
1803:Left-hand path and right-hand path
1378:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
14:
1855:
426:Heiduk, Herbers & Lehner 2020
247:. The division between the four
393:
101:Psychological theories of magic
1501:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
1362:Summis desiderantes affectibus
521:
289:Categories of artes prohibitae
1:
405:
377:
334:
293:
1506:accusations against children
1402:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
410:
365:
353:
7:
317:
263:derived from High Medieval
10:
1860:
1426:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
1770:
1749:
1714:
1698:
1656:
1605:
1574:
1543:
1534:
1491:
1484:
1458:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
1321:
1198:
1038:
851:
784:
660:
653:
282:Liber Razielis Archangeli
200:, are arts prohibited by
1788:Christian views on magic
1466:The Discovery of Witches
1338:Directorium Inquisitorum
590:Thorndike, Lynn (1923).
1394:De praestigiis daemonum
1346:De maleficis mulieribus
596:. New York: Macmillan.
1450:Compendium Maleficarum
1442:Magical Investigations
1333:(8thā2nd centuries BC)
185:
1073:Cloak of invisibility
829:Solitary practitioner
742:Witch-cult hypothesis
550:Renaissance Quarterly
276:Liber Juratus Honorii
169:
1839:Magic (supernatural)
1793:Magical organization
1308:Witches of Benevento
577:Luck, Georg (2006).
388:astrological aspects
331:for interpretation.
219:The categories were
1410:Newes from Scotland
1370:Malleus Maleficarum
747:Anglo-Saxon England
515:, pp. 311ā312.
121:Western esotericism
1762:Witches in fiction
1750:In popular culture
1324:historic treatises
491:, p. 319-321.
186:
96:Magic and religion
1826:
1825:
1783:Witch (archetype)
1745:
1744:
1694:
1693:
1020:Sympathetic magic
847:
846:
329:geomantic figures
314:("death magic").
206:Johannes Hartlieb
164:
163:
1851:
1757:Magic in fiction
1587:Northern Moravia
1541:
1540:
1521:Papua New Guinea
1489:
1488:
1273:Nine sorceresses
1025:Witches' Sabbath
874:Ceremonial magic
864:Apotropaic magic
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556:(4): 1025ā1058.
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304:Late Middle Ages
214:artes mechanicae
204:as expounded by
191:artes prohibitae
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106:Sorcery (goetia)
91:History of magic
32:Artes Prohibitae
19:
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1606:Northern Europe
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1133:Magical weapons
1083:Flying ointment
1034:
879:Magical formula
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727:Greece and Rome
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210:artes liberales
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16:Types of Magic.
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1657:Western Europe
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1575:Eastern Europe
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1190:Witch's ladder
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533:. De Gruyter.
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503:, p. 314.
493:
489:Thorndike 1923
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450:Thorndike 1923
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1303:Three Witches
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1108:Kitchen witch
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759:Latin America
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683:Witch smeller
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25:
21:
20:
1778:Witch (word)
1727:Witch's mark
1536:Early Modern
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1434:Daemonologie
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1386:Laienspiegel
1384:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1268:Muma PÄdurii
1199:Folklore and
1170:Sator Square
1123:Magic circle
1118:Magic carpet
1078:Crystal ball
1015:Spiritualism
839:Witch doctor
722:Cunning folk
592:
580:
553:
549:
530:
508:
496:
484:
457:
445:
433:
399:Scapulimancy
397:
394:Scapulimancy
381:
369:
357:
338:
321:
297:
280:
274:
268:
267:such as the
257:superstition
245:scapulimancy
218:
196:
195:
190:
189:
187:
179:magic circle
72:scapulimancy
31:
1485:Persecution
1354:Formicarius
1298:Spearfinger
1238:Elbow witch
1138:Magic sword
1103:Julleuchter
1088:Goofer dust
1030:White magic
943:Incantation
869:Black magic
824:Renaissance
792:Chaos magic
764:Middle East
695:Philippines
522:Works cited
438:Herzig 2011
322:The art of
111:Black magic
1844:Witchcraft
1833:Categories
1798:Maleficium
1722:Witch-hunt
1526:Witch camp
1185:Witch ball
1128:Magic ring
1113:Love charm
968:Necromancy
963:Moon magic
958:Mediumship
953:Love magic
938:Gray magic
918:Divination
717:Benandanti
647:witchcraft
406:References
383:Chiromancy
378:Chiromancy
374:conveyed.
348:witchcraft
340:Hydromancy
335:Hydromancy
312:necromancy
294:Nigromancy
261:high magic
241:chiromancy
229:hydromancy
221:nigromancy
188:The seven
116:Divination
67:chiromancy
52:hydromancy
42:nigromancy
1699:Classical
1218:Baba Yaga
1201:mythology
1010:Spiritism
1000:Sex magic
978:Shamanism
973:Occultism
928:Evocation
923:Entheogen
901:Damnation
852:Practices
570:162081348
513:Luck 2006
501:Luck 2006
477:Luck 2006
462:Luck 2006
411:Citations
371:Pyromancy
366:Pyromancy
359:Aeromancy
354:Aeromancy
265:grimoires
249:elemental
237:pyromancy
233:aeromancy
202:canon law
183:graveyard
62:pyromancy
57:aeromancy
1732:Pricking
1643:Scotland
1566:Virginia
1556:New York
1551:Maryland
1544:Americas
1293:Sorginak
1283:Pasiphaƫ
1175:Talisman
1145:Mojo bag
1093:Grimoire
988:Regional
933:Familiar
896:Anathema
812:Neopagan
807:Medieval
712:Akelarre
324:geomancy
318:Geomancy
308:grimoire
270:Picatrix
225:geomancy
177:using a
171:John Dee
47:geomancy
24:a series
22:Part of
1771:Related
1715:Related
1633:Iceland
1628:Finland
1623:England
1618:Denmark
1582:Hungary
1278:Obayifo
1208:Agamede
1165:Potions
1098:Incense
1039:Objects
859:Animism
834:Warlock
769:Oceania
752:Britain
344:scrying
302:of the
84:Related
1684:Basque
1669:Geneva
1664:France
1648:Sweden
1638:Norway
1613:Baltic
1597:Russia
1592:Poland
1493:Modern
1477:(1751)
1469:(1647)
1461:(1627)
1453:(1608)
1445:(1599)
1437:(1597)
1429:(1595)
1421:(1593)
1413:(1591)
1405:(1584)
1397:(1563)
1389:(1509)
1381:(1489)
1373:(1487)
1365:(1484)
1357:(1475)
1349:(1440)
1341:(1376)
1288:Sebile
1243:Hecate
1213:Aradia
1160:Poppet
1155:Nkondi
1068:Censer
1051:Athame
1046:Amulet
1005:Sigils
993:Yellow
802:Hoodoo
797:Goetia
774:MÄkutu
702:Europe
673:Azande
668:Africa
661:Region
600:
568:
537:
279:, and
253:Romani
243:, and
126:Occult
1818:Adept
1679:Spain
1674:Italy
1561:Salem
1516:Nepal
1511:India
1322:Major
1258:Medea
1253:Kalku
1233:Drude
1228:Dayan
1223:Circe
1150:Nkisi
1061:besom
1056:Broom
983:Black
913:Demon
891:Curse
886:Coven
817:Wicca
737:Vƶlva
732:SeiĆ°r
707:Italy
678:Ghana
654:Types
643:Magic
566:S2CID
194:, or
1248:Huld
1180:Wand
948:Jinn
906:Jinx
785:Form
690:Asia
645:and
598:ISBN
535:ISBN
212:and
173:and
558:doi
216:.
1835::
564:.
554:64
552:.
469:^
418:^
390:.
350:.
285:.
273:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
26:on
635:e
628:t
621:v
606:.
572:.
560::
543:.
155:e
148:t
141:v
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