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Army of the Rhine (1791–1795)

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The French government ordered Luckner to take command of the Army of the North, and Custine replaced him as overall commander of the Army of the Rhine in Spring 1793. Under his experienced command, the Army took several important positions on the Rhine, including at Speyer, Mainz, Limburg and
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by 27 April 1792, this singular victory was accomplished largely through the enterprises of a local uprising assisted by some advanced guard and it was the last French victory for several weeks: subsequently, the borders of France had been assaulted by the Habsburgs and their allies. At Mons
733:). These armies were subdivided, fresh forces were raised and gradually grew until, by 30 April 1793, eleven armies encircled France on its coastal and the land frontiers. In October 1792, a portion of the army was used to form the 1554:
Stability of command of the Army of the Rhine reflected the overall chaos of the French Revolutionary governments, especially in the years 1791–1794. Four of the generals serving in those years were guillotined (see chart below).
793:, to compose a song to rally against the Habsburg threat. That evening, Rouget de Lisle wrote "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" (English: "War Song for the Army of the Rhine"), and dedicated the song to 1450: 1128: 725:
valley, from 1791 to 1795. At its creation, the Army of the Rhine had 88,390 men. It was formed on 14 December 1791, to defend France's eastern frontier in conjunction with two other armies, the
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Although much of the spring and summer of 1792 action continued throughout in the border regions with Belgium, the cities along the Upper Rhine, especially the city of
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combined to form the Army besieging Mainz. The rest of the Army of the Moselle united with the Army of the Rhine on 20 April, to form the
577: 1850: 129: 177: 273: 1673: 376: 2292: 2236: 2124: 170: 2282: 2160:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume II The Armées du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle
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In its five-year history, the Army had several Orders of Battle. This is the OOB at the beginning of the 1793 campaign.
1060: 615: 533: 343: 1888: 1834: 988: 503: 31: 781:, felt under threat of invasion by the Habsburg armies massing on the east side of the Rhine River. On 25 April 1792, 558: 426: 17: 1717: 1084: 1855: 2277: 1076: 682: 677:) was formed in December 1791, for the purpose of bringing the French Revolution to the German states along the 543: 152: 113: 1044: 734: 528: 745:
In the first months of fighting, victories for France were few. Although Custine had succeeded in driving the
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until 19 April; he was removed from command of both armies on 29 July 1793, tried and executed in August.
1803: 1795:, and fought holding actions against contingents of Russians and Austrians, the largest of which was the 782: 263: 86: 726: 508: 358: 233: 194: 1615: 625: 1028: 718: 689:, Frankfurt and Speyer. Subsequently, the army underwent several reorganizations and merged with the 630: 518: 338: 1742: 1136: 1829: 1660: 978: 645: 620: 523: 353: 328: 288: 2147: 1603: 1191: 1182: 842: 318: 228: 2198: 1731: 1494: 1004: 846: 601: 538: 493: 488: 416: 411: 283: 2228: 2215: 2151: 2116: 1703: 1648: 1364: 1017: 970: 898: 686: 483: 298: 248: 243: 213: 117: 100: 95: 1320: 323: 1996:
Orders of Battle show the same troops, under the amalgamation, reformed into these armies (
1781: 882: 548: 381: 46: 8: 1796: 1633: 1619: 834: 730: 690: 513: 498: 386: 348: 308: 303: 2175: 1012: 293: 278: 253: 223: 2232: 2120: 1840: 794: 1802:
This name was also used for the French military forces posted to Germany during the
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in French service. The melody soon became the rallying call to the Revolution:
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Jean-Charles Pichegru, during assembly of the Armies of the Rhine and Moselle
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28 May 1792, and La Glisuelle, a village 5 kilometers (3 mi) north of
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On 29 December 1794, the left wing of the Army and the right wing of the
722: 678: 569: 371: 774:(11 June 1792), Austrian skirmishers repeatedly defeated French forces. 1792: 786: 778: 750: 2225:
Peasants Into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914
1788: 1222: 767: 685:, the Army of the Rhine participated in several victories, including 2254:
Tableaux des armées françaises pendant les guerres de la Révolution
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Italics indicates general was guillotined during Reign of Terror
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but these units rejoined the Army of the Rhine on 15 March 1793.
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Unless otherwise noted, all information in the chart comes from
2180:(4th ed.), Birmingham, 34 Wheeleys Road, pp. 767–780 1246: 759: 2113:
Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary Faith
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and the Army of the Center (name changed in October 1792 to
681:. During its first year in action (1792), under command of 2067: 1939: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 30:"Army of the Rhine" redirects here. For other uses, see 2077: 1911:, vol. I, Pickle Partners Publishing, pp. 2–3 2205:(408), Boston, Massachusetts: Oliver Ditson Company: 2 2089: 2044: 1956: 1954: 1537:
Reserve totals 8 battalions, 12 squadrons, 2 platoons
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Custine, GdB van Helden commanding the garrison force
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operated in the Rhineland theater, principally in the
1978: 1927: 1915: 192: 819: 2032: 1966: 1951: 1818:People known to have served in this Armée include: 2288:Military units and formations established in 1791 948:Custine, Houchard commanding the advanced guard. 812:(The day of glory has arrived!). It was renamed " 2264: 1256:Grenadiers (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th battalions) 585: 467: 453: 178: 1559:Commanders-in-Chief of the Army of the Rhine 127: 1676:, interim to 23 August, then provisionally 1665:provisionally and subordinate to Houchard. 1557: 1371:7th Light Infantry Regiment (1st Battalion) 856: 2110: 1945: 1851:Victor Claude Alexandre Fanneau de Lahorie 599: 592: 578: 460: 446: 185: 171: 2132: 2083: 825:Frankfurt (see chart of battles below). 704:Organization of French Armies, 1791–1793 699: 2209: 2196: 2166: 2141: 2095: 2071: 2026: 2022: 1972: 1674:Charles Hyacinthe Leclerc de Landremont 1162: 828: 14: 2265: 2157: 1906: 1269:82nd Infantry Regiment (one battalion) 1266:62nd Infantry Regiment (one battalion) 2227:, Stanford University Press, p.  2222: 2197:Stevens, Benjamin F. (January 1896), 2184: 2038: 2010: 1997: 1984: 1960: 1933: 1921: 1767: 1329:10th Chasseurs à Cheval (5 squadrons) 708: 573: 441: 166: 2192:, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books 1459:2nd Chasseurs à Cheval (3 squadrons) 1401:8th Chasseurs à Cheval (4 squadrons) 1377:37th Infantry Regiment (1 battalion) 1374:36th Infantry Regiment (1 battalion) 1297:1st Battalion Chasseurs républicains 1170: 852: 808:(Arise, children of the Fatherland)/ 130:Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin 2273:Armées of the French First Republic 2115:, Transaction Publishers, pp.  1909:Armies of the First French Republic 1776:bore this name. In 1815 during the 1734:, subordinate to the Army of Mainz 1505:16th Dragoon Regiment (3 squadrons) 1474:12th Cavalry Regiment (3 squadrons) 1471:11th Cavalry Regiment (3 squadrons) 1326:7th Chasseurs à Cheval(4 squadrons) 1316:14th Cavalry Regiment (3 squadrons) 1300:3rd, 7th, and 8th Battalions Vosges 1285:9th and 10th Battalions Haute-Saône 24: 2245: 2214:(in French), J. Gürtler, pp.  1889:Balthazar Alexis Henri Schauenburg 1835:Antoine Marie Chamans de Lavalette 1728:4 December 1794 – 13 February 1795 1684:Louis Dominique Munnier (interim) 1515:6th, 10th and 13 Battalions Vosges 1502:2nd Carbine Regiment (3 Squadrons) 1468:9th Cavalry Regiment (3 squadrons) 1465:3rd Cavalry Regiment (3 squadrons) 1200:1st and 2nd Battalions Haute-Saône 32:Army of the Rhine (disambiguation) 25: 2304: 2146:(in French), L. Cert, pp. [ 1813: 1700:27 October 1793 – 13 January 1794 1612:26 December 1792 – 14 March 1793, 1527:Hussards de la Liberté (unknown ) 1462:2nd Cavalry Regiment (3 squadrons 1334:Total 26 battalions, 12 squadrons 858:Battles of the Army of the Rhine. 820:Successes under Custine's command 2256:(in French), Librairie militaire 740: 94: 80: 45: 2158:Phipps, Ramsey Weston (2011) , 2016: 1753:Jean-Baptiste Kléber (interim) 1745:, subordinate to Army of Mainz 1714:14 January 1794 – 10 April 1795 1306:1st Battalion Fédérés Nationaux 1303:5th and 6th Battalions Bas-Rhin 153:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 2003: 1990: 1907:Phipps, Ramsey Weston (2011), 1900: 1718:Claude Ignace François Michaud 1592:Alexis Magallon de la Morlière 1245:Column Custine, positioned at 1085:Claude Ignace François Michaud 54:of a French Revolutionary Army 13: 1: 2293:1791 establishments in France 2111:Billington, James H. (2011), 1874:Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle 1856:Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc 1787:under the command of General 1722:Jean Philippe Raymond Dorsner 1681:30 September – 1 October 1793 1670:18 August – 29 September 1793 1647:, interim and subordinate to 1576:14 December 1791 – 6 May 1792 1549: 1394:1st and 2nd Battalions Vosges 1175: 839:Army of the Rhine and Moselle 810:Le jour de gloire est arrivé! 791:Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle 695:Army of the Rhine and Moselle 422:Italian campaign of 1796-1797 2162:, Pickle Partners Publishing 1799:on fought on 28 June 1815. 1391:1st Battalion Seine-et-Loire 1340: 1323:(light cavalry) (1 squadron) 1228:2nd Battalion Rhône-et-Loire 1119:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 1025:18 November–22 December 1793 841:. This army united with the 7: 1806:(1919–1930), following the 1804:Occupation of the Rhineland 1739:14 February – 29 April 1795 1693:Jean Pascal Raymond Carlenc 1483: 1385:4th and 6th Battalions Jura 1309:2nd Battalion Seine-et-Oise 1209:4th Battalion Seine-et-Oise 806:Allons enfants de la Patrie 783:Philippe Friedrich Dietrich 719:French Revolutionary armies 63:1791–95, 1797–98, 1799–1801 10: 2309: 2283:War of the First Coalition 2199:"Story of La Marseillaise" 2177:The Waterloo Campaign 1815 2135:Waterloo: The Hundred Days 2104: 1868:François-Joseph Offenstein 1599:21 July – 25 December 1792 1495:6th Battalion of Chasseurs 1444: 1001:20 August–23 December 1793 754:(18–29 April 1792), 749:from the Swiss village of 747:ecclesiastical authorities 196:War of the First Coalition 29: 2190:Napoleonic Wars Data Book 2133:Chandler, David (1981) , 1570: 1567: 1524:12h Battalion Haute-Saône 1491:Grenadiers (12 companies) 1294:2nd Battalion Républicque 1263:Regiment (two battalions) 1239: 1215:2nd Battalion Puy-de-Dôme 1147:Battle of Mannheim bridge 873: 870: 867: 864: 611: 479: 471:Rhine campaign of 1793–94 402:Rhine campaign of 1793–94 209: 142: 137: 123: 109: 75: 67: 59: 44: 39: 27:French revolutionary army 2142:Chuquet, Arthur (1892), 1894: 1661:Alexandre de Beauharnais 1632:, also commander of the 1607:(also called "Biron") * 1427:1st Battalion Haute-Rhin 1388:2nd Battalion Haute-Rhin 979:Alexandre de Beauharnais 2210:Vautrey, Louis (1878), 2144:L'expédition de Custine 1720:, during his absences, 1656:30 May – 17 August 1793 1616:Étienne Deprez-Crassier 1604:Armand Louis de Gontaut 1518:5th Battalion de l'Eure 1282:4th Battalion Haut-Rhin 1218:1st, 3rd Battalions Ain 1095:Battle of Schifferstadt 843:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse 713:The Army of the Rhine ( 2278:Field armies of France 2212:Histoire de Porrentruy 1743:François Ignace Schaal 1626:15 March – 17 May 1793 1521:6th Battalion Calvados 1430:1st Battalion Bas-Rhin 1417:48th Infantry Regiment 1414:13th Infantry Regiment 1291:10th Battalion Meurthe 1288:4th Battalion Calvados 1212:3rd Battalion Bas-Rhin 1137:François Ignace Schaal 890:Adam Philippe Custine 849:on 29 September 1797. 717:) was one of the main 705: 674: 666: 603:Rhine campaign of 1795 417:Rhine campaign of 1796 412:Rhine campaign of 1795 377:Mediterranean campaign 128: 2223:Weber, Eugen (1976), 2000:, pp. 111, 131). 1704:Jean-Charles Pichegru 1649:Jean Nicolas Houchard 1499:2nd Infantry Regiment 1433:1st Battalion Correze 1355:1st Infantry Brigade 1018:Jean-Charles Pichegru 1015:(Army of the Moselle) 967:14 April–23 July 1793 703: 683:Adam Philippe Custine 2252:Clerget, C. (1905), 2172:"Supplement section" 1862:Louis-Théobald Ihler 1791:, was cantoned near 1732:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 1588:7 May – 20 July 1792 1530:National Gendarmarie 1436:3rd Battalion Nievre 1235:Total 20 battalions 1206:4th Battalion Vosges 1203:2nd Battalion Nièvre 1163:1793 Order of Battle 1125:17–20 September 1794 1020:(Army of the Rhine) 996:Jean Pascal Carlenc 928:Capture of Frankfurt 883:Battle of Porrentruy 829:Final reorganization 2137:, Osprey Publishing 1824:Baraguey d'Hilliers 1797:Battle of La Suffel 1774:Bourbon Restoration 1645:Dominique Diettmann 1634:Army of the Moselle 1620:Army of the Moselle 1564: 1225:de l'Indre-et-Loire 1068:Hoche and Pichegru 1057:26–29 December 1793 1041:18–22 December 1793 861: 835:Army of the Moselle 731:Army of the Moselle 691:Army of the Moselle 397:East Indies Theatre 387:War of the Pyrenees 2203:The Musical Record 2029:, pp. 225–227 2025:, p. 43; and 1768:Other incarnations 1558: 1479:Total 22 squadrons 1321:Chasseurs à Cheval 1129:3rd Kaiserslautern 1077:2nd Kaiserslautern 1013:Louis Lazare Hoche 857: 735:Army of the Vosges 709:Revolutionary Wars 706: 697:on 20 April 1795. 554:3rd Kaiserslautern 544:2nd Kaiserslautern 524:1st Kaiserslautern 2238:978-0-8047-1013-8 2126:978-1-4128-1401-0 1987:, pp. 21–26. 1948:, pp. 58–59. 1936:, pp. 22–27. 1924:, pp. 21–22. 1841:utopian socialist 1765: 1764: 1750:11–16 April 1795, 1706:, subordinate to 1689:2–26 October 1793 1546: 1545: 1279:2nd Battalion Ain 1160: 1159: 956:Frankfurt am Main 914:Capture of Speyer 911:30 September 1792 853:Principal battles 789:, asked a guest, 758:(29 April 1792), 727:Army of the North 659:Army of the Rhine 654: 653: 567: 566: 435: 434: 427:Anglo-Spanish War 407:Atlantic campaign 392:Italian campaigns 382:War in the Vendée 367:Flanders campaign 158: 157: 114:Kingdom of France 105: 91: 87:Kingdom of France 40:Army of the Rhine 18:Army of the Rhine 16:(Redirected from 2300: 2257: 2241: 2219: 2206: 2193: 2181: 2168:Siborne, William 2163: 2154: 2138: 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905: 902: 900: 897: 894: 893: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879:28 April 1792 878: 877: 863: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 826: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 775: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 748: 741:Song of Glory 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 715:Armée du Rhin 702: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 667:Armée du Rhin 664: 660: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 613: 610: 605: 595: 590: 588: 583: 581: 576: 575: 572: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 529:Froeschwiller 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 481: 478: 473: 463: 458: 456: 451: 449: 444: 443: 440: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 364: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 208: 202: 198: 188: 183: 181: 176: 174: 169: 168: 165: 160:Military unit 154: 150: 147: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 102: 97: 88: 78: 74: 71:20 April 1795 70: 66: 62: 58: 53: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 2260: 2253: 2224: 2211: 2202: 2189: 2186:Smith, Digby 2176: 2159: 2143: 2134: 2112: 2096:Siborne 1895 2091: 2079: 2072:Chuquet 1892 2034: 2027:Vautrey 1878 2018: 2005: 1992: 1980: 1975:, p. 2. 1973:Stevens 1896 1968: 1941: 1929: 1917: 1908: 1902: 1817: 1801: 1783: 1778:Hundred Days 1771: 1708:Lazare Hoche 1659: 1629: 1602: 1579: 1553: 1540: 1408:2nd Brigade 1344: 1166: 1045:Fröschwiller 845:to form the 832: 823: 809: 805: 776: 744: 714: 712: 693:to form the 658: 656: 646:2nd Mannheim 641:Pfeddersheim 631:1st Mannheim 319:Newfoundland 284:Altenkirchen 90:(until 1792) 2023:Chuquet1892 1846:(1794–1795) 1091:23 May 1794 1073:23 May 1794 785:, mayor of 723:Rhine River 679:Rhine River 372:Chouannerie 104:(from 1792) 2267:Categories 2039:Smith 1996 2011:Smith 1996 1998:Smith 1996 1985:Smith 1996 1961:Weber 1976 1934:Smith 1996 1922:Smith 1996 1876:writer of 1793:Strassburg 1782:V Corps – 1594:(intérim) 1550:Commanders 1451:Beaurevoir 1223:Grenadiers 1176:Right wing 874:Commander 860:1792–1795 787:Strasbourg 779:Strasbourg 751:Porrentruy 675:Rheinarmee 616:Luxembourg 559:Luxembourg 549:Trippstadt 509:Fort-Louis 274:Den Helder 269:Guadeloupe 264:Martinique 234:Thionville 214:Porrentruy 145:commanders 138:Commanders 110:Allegiance 1789:Jean Rapp 1561:1791–1795 1357:Neuwinger 1341:Left wing 1036:Pichegru 993:Coalition 975:Coalition 971:2nd Mainz 959:Coalition 899:1st Mainz 768:Florennes 539:2nd Arlon 514:Biesingen 499:Pirmasens 489:1st Arlon 359:Diersheim 349:Fishguard 309:Neresheim 219:Quiévrain 68:Disbanded 2188:(1996), 2170:(1895), 1882:General 1872:Captain 1866:General 1860:General 1849:General 1828:General 1822:General 1484:Reserves 1365:Houchard 1363:Brigade 1261:Infantry 1111:Schänzel 1102:Michaud 1029:Haguenau 934:Custine 920:Custine 906:Custine 802:Bavarian 772:Maubeuge 764:Rumegies 519:Haguenau 339:Biberach 334:2nd Kehl 324:Würzburg 299:1st Kehl 294:Kircheib 279:Siegburg 259:Sardinia 254:Jemappes 224:Marquain 52:Fusilier 2105:Sources 1830:Custine 1630:Custine 1445:Cavalry 1183:Munnier 1181:Column 942:Limburg 871:Victor 868:Battle 795:Marshal 756:Tournay 354:Neuwied 344:Ireland 329:Limburg 289:Wetzlar 143:Notable 76:Country 2235:  2123:  1541: 1347:Bingen 1240:Center 1151:French 1115:French 1099:French 1065:French 1052:Hoche 1049:French 1033:French 1009:French 1005:Landau 945:French 931:French 917:French 903:French 887:France 671:German 663:French 626:Höchst 494:Landau 314:Amberg 304:Malsch 229:Verdun 60:Active 2119:–59, 1895:Notes 1571:Name 1568:Date 1410:Gilot 1259:57th 1247:Mainz 865:Date 760:Bavay 687:Mainz 636:Mainz 484:Mainz 249:Mainz 244:Lille 239:Valmy 124:March 2233:ISBN 2218:–227 2150:–6, 2121:ISBN 1839:The 1780:the 1319:2nd 800:, a 657:The 201:List 2229:439 2216:225 1651:* 816:". 2269:: 2231:, 2201:, 2174:, 2152:43 2117:58 2046:^ 1953:^ 1810:. 1349:. 673:: 669:; 665:: 2148:5 1663:, 1249:. 661:( 593:e 586:t 579:v 461:e 454:t 447:v 203:) 199:( 186:e 179:t 172:v 34:. 20:)

Index

Army of the Rhine
Army of the Rhine (disambiguation)
A French fusilier carries his long muzzled musket. He wears a blue jacket and white shirt and trousers; his cartridge belt is strapped across his chest and he wears a tricorn hat with a red revolutionary cockade.
Fusilier
Kingdom of France
French First Republic
French Republic
Kingdom of France
First Republic
Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin
Nicolas Luckner
Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
v
t
e
War of the First Coalition
List
Porrentruy
Quiévrain
Marquain
Verdun
Thionville
Valmy
Lille
Mainz
Jemappes
Sardinia
Martinique
Guadeloupe
Den Helder

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