253:"On June 18, 1964, the Fifth Circuit ruled on the merits of plaintiffs' appeal. The court vacated the district court's order denying injunctive relief and remanded it with instructions to require the school board to present a desegregation plan that met certain minimum standards across elementary, middle and high school. The court noted that after the earlier Court of Appeals decision, the Board had submitted an inadequate plan that did little beyond continue to accept voluntary transfers."
243:"The plaintiffs appealed Judge Lynne's decision to the Fifth Circuit, also asking for an injunction pending appeal, which they were granted. In that opinion, the court of appeals held that the plaintiffs did not have to exhaust potential remedies under the state law before seeking relief in the federal courts. The injunction ordered the Board and the Superintendent to submit a plan to the court for desegregation by August 19, 1963."
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In 2013, in recognition of the 50th anniversary of the segregation of the
Birmingham city schools, Dwight Armstrong remembered those early days. "The staff was exemplary. One of their main objectives was to make sure we stayed safe. The majority of the students were just curious. I think they had a
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to escort the black student transfers into West End High School and Ramsay High School on
September 10. Floyd and Dwight attended class for the first time at Graymont Elementary on September 10. On Wednesday September 11, police continued to push back demonstrators at West End and Ramsay. Graymont,
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Floyd
Armstrong, age 11, and his brother Dwight, age 10, were enrolled by their father on September 4, 1963. That same night a bomb exploded at the home of Arthur Shores, a local civil rights activist, causing the school system to close temporarily. Three black students were also transferring to
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In the mid 1990s, the vacant former school was restored and adapted for the offices of the
Jefferson County Committee for Economic Opportunity (JCCEO), which operates federally-funded social programs such as pre-kindergarten, adult day care, substance abuse, nutrition, utility assistance, job
234:"On May 28, 1963, Judge Seybourne Lynne denied injunctive relief, requiring the plaintiffs to exhaust the supposed remedies offered by the Alabama School Placement Law (a school choice law), following a course that it saw proper after the Supreme Court affirmed the decision in
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sense of being part of history themselves." A few "knuckleheads" — as
Armstrong called them — caused problems and hurled insults at the white children who came too close to being friendly and stared the brothers down as they walked the halls.
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all-white Ramsey High School and West End High School in
Birmingham. When schools reopened on September 9, brothers Floyd and Dwight were on their way back to Graymont Elementary with their father James and the Rev.
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system. Located at 300 8th Avenue West in what is now the
Smithfield neighborhood, it was closed in 1989, after it was determined that the school was redundant to Hill Elementary School nearby.
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Armstrong, a local black barber, along with his two sons Dwight and Floyd filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.
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Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the
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the schools of Birmingham. This case spanned from 1960 through 1983.
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Center, home of Alabama's first public pre-K classroom, from here.
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In 2007 Graymont Elementary School was added to the
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