233:
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1005:
218:
5120:
2665:
271:
1973:
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1253:, while in the Antarctic Peninsula and its adjacent islands, the climate is characterized by very strong winds, particularly in winter. In particular, the Antarctic Peninsula experiences strong cold winds and blizzards. In the interior of the continent, the climate is colder and drier due to the higher latitude, altitude, and strong continental influences. Mean annual temperatures range from −10 to −20 °C (14 to −4 °F) in the Antarctic Peninsula to −30 to −50 °C (−22 to −58 °F) in the interior. Temperatures are always low in the region; during the
203:
1997:
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3111:. María de las Nieves Delgado was the first Antarctic girl, born on 27 March 1978 at Esperanza Base. By 1980, six more children were born at the base: Rubén Eduardo de Carli (21 September 1979), Francisco Javier Sosa (21 September 1979), Silvina Analía Arnouil (14 January 1980), José Manuel Valladares Solís (24 January 1980), Lucas Daniel Posse (4 February 1980) and María Sol Cosenza (3 May 1983). The base has an Argentine civil registry office where there have been births and weddings.
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2005:
829:
251:
80:
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22:
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1055:, armed with Sten submachine guns, rifles, and tear gas, captured two Argentine sailors. The Argentine refuge and a nearby uninhabited Chilean hut were destroyed. The Argentine sailors were delivered on a British vessel to South Georgia on 18 February. A British detachment stayed three months on the island while the frigate patrolled the waters until April.
3114:
In 1991, there were 142 permanent residents, including 19 minors. These residents are families that live in
Antarctica or scientists that have lived there for more than two years. There were 121 men and 21 women that lived mostly near Esperanza and other bases. As of 1998–1999, Argentine Antarctica
563:
The estimated area of
Argentine Antarctica is 1,461,597 km (564,326 sq mi), of which 965,597 km (372,819 sq mi) is land. The ice of the glaciers over the territory's surface has an average thickness of 2 kilometres. Temperatures fall in a typical range from 0°C in
1257:
in winter, temperatures drop to −42 °C (−44 °F). In the warmest month, mean temperatures are usually below 0 °C (32 °F). Coastal areas have mean temperatures in the warmest month at around freezing. Precipitation mainly falls as snow. Due to the ice sheets and glaciers covering
1248:
in the south. The region has an extremely cold climate, with mean temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) with frost and snowfall occurring throughout the year. In general, there are two different climatic zones found within the region: a glacial climate in the interior and an oceanic one in the
860:
in the South
Orkneys, where there had been a crew of six men making scientific observations. In it was a meteorological observatory, where he also worked. A post office was installed. On 22 February 1904, civilian (employee of the Argentine company official post and telegraph) Hugo Alberto Acuna
2060:
As of mid-2023, Argentina was in discussions with
Finland to build a new polar logistics vessel, the "ARC 133". The ship is to be a Polar 4 class vessel (year-round operation in thick first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions) and is envisaged for completion by the latter 2020s.
2020:
is the world's first
Antarctic base, operating continuously since 1903. The southernmost Argentine permanent base is Belgrano II, at around 77 latitudinal degrees south. The southernmost summer base is Sobral, 1,450 km (901 mi) from Belgrano II.
1070:
to declare
Argentine and Chilean claims on the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas invalid. On 15 July 1955, the Chilean Government rejected the jurisdiction of the Court in that case, and on 1 August, the Argentine Government did the same.
931:
On 30 March 1927, the first radiotelegraph station in
Antarctica was inaugurated on the South Orkney Islands. On 15 December 1927, the General Directorate of Post and Telegraph from Argentina informed the International Bureau of the
1148:
to populate with families with a goal of strengthening
Argentine rights in that part of Antarctica. After finishing the construction of the houses, the Fortín Sargento Cabral was established on 17 February 1978 with five houses.
1093:. Between the mid-1960s and the first half of the 1970s, Argentina launched rockets from its Antarctic bases. These rockets were designed and built in Argentina and possessed meteorological instrumentation and radiation sensors.
865:
was officially raised on the
Argentine Antarctic Sector. The observatory became the Orcadas Base, which is the oldest existing permanent human settlement in the Antarctic territory, an event commemorated in Argentina as the
3231:
Pequeño
Larrouse Ilustrado 1990, para la Argentina, ajustado a la cartografía oficial por el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional a través del Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM) acorde Ley 22.963 aprobada por expediente del
992:
On 7 April 1948, Decree No. 9905 placed the administration of the Argentine Antarctic Sector with the maritime Governor of the National Territory of Tierra del Fuego. On 9 June 1948, by her Decree No. 17040, the
939:
In 1939, Argentina temporarily created the National Commission of the Antarctic by Decree No. 35821. On 30 April 1940, it became a permanent body by Decree No. 61852 in order to increase research in the area.
943:
In October 1941, the Instituto Geográfico Militar published maps showing the extent of the future Argentine claim between the 25° W and 75° W. In January 1942 the Argentine Government, according to the
1078:
was signed by Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, entering into force on 23 June 1961.
2016:
Esperanza and Marambio are the largest Argentine bases, together holding 70 buildings, with a combined occupancy rate ranging from roughly 110 in winter to 250 in summer. Orcadas Base on the
605:. Provisional results of the 2022 Argentine national census indicate 130 inhabitants for Argentine Antarctica. Residents take part in general elections within Tierra del Fuego Province.
3196:
1980:
The flag of Tierra del Fuego, which includes Argentine Antarctica, was adopted in 1999 as the result of a competition. It is a diagonal bicolor flag of sky blue and orange with a white
5185:
955:
On 8 November 1942, Argentina laid claim to Antarctic land when an expedition under the command of the captain Alberto J. Oddera placed a cylinder containing a report and a flag on
5223:
3660:
5272:
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808:
in 1902. The Argentine Navy took possession of the hut in 1954 and named it Refugio Suecia. It is now an Argentine historical monument and historical site as mentioned by the
3741:
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1988:
constellation in the blue upper half. The orange represents the fire in the province's name, while the blue represents the sky and reflects the color of the national flag.
1136:
In 1977, the Esperanza Base was chosen to house Argentine families that spent their winters in Antarctica. The first director of the Argentine Antarctic Institute, general
5395:
581:
According to the Argentine national census, in October 2010, Argentine Antarctica had 230 inhabitants (including 9 families and 16 children) at six permanent bases: 75 at
654:
South. Brown claimed to have sighted Antarctic land on the expedition, saying that it is the reason why Argentine cartography often calls the northernmost part of the
1020:
The first continental Argentine base in Antarctica, the Almirante Brown Naval detachment, was opened in 1951. The following year, the Esperanza Naval detachment (now
785:
on 21 December 1901. As no news of the expedition reached the Argentine government, it fulfilled its commitment to support the expedition by renovating the Corvette
5405:
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5178:
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4851:
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On 8 April 1970, the Governor of Tierra del Fuego issued Decree No. 149 creating four new departments, among them the Argentine Antarctic Sector Department.
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of the United Kingdom announced that the southern part of the British Antarctic Territory (which included a portion of Argentine Antarctica) would be named
4107:
3995:
232:
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In 1946, the National Antarctic Commission set new limits for Argentine Antarctica between the Meridian 25° and 74° West (near the far east of the
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1081:
In the 1960s, Argentina, with its fleet, began conducting ecological tourist cruises to Antarctica. At the same time, the Argentine state-owned
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and Argentina signed a mutual agreement protecting and defending legal rights of the territorial Antarctic, mutually recognizing their claims.
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at Esperanza Base in 1978. His baptism in the Catholic chapel on 7 January 1978 was the first documented baptism on the continent.
889:(1903–1905) was believed to be lost. Because of the Argentine collaboration with his expedition, Charcot named an insular group as
676:) including the islands adjacent to Cape Horn, which is situated in the territorial waters of Argentina and the Antarctic islands.
1004:
998:
812:. The 1902 expedition built another hut in Hope Bay, which is also an Antarctic monument under the control of Esperanza Station.
3889:
3589:
3466:
Anuario de historia Argentina, Volumen 1, p. 296. Colaborador: Sociedad de Historia Argentina. Editor: Domingo Viau y ca. 1940.
2800:
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Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. The glacial climate found in the interior is dominated by continental ice sheets and
552:
was established. Years later, other permanent and seasonal bases were constructed. The first Argentine expedition to reach the
136:
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2113:
307:
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2029:
1029:
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276:
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summer to -60°C in winter, although in certain points the temperature may drop to as low as -82°C and may rise to 18°C.
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4233:
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2505:
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would become a permanent base by 2015. The base will have an airport and facilities to transfer passengers and cargo.
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122:
61:
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Currently, there are no attempts by Argentina or any other country to enforce territorial claims in Antarctica. See
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Hon. Cámara de Senadores, Comisión de Cultura, Antecedentes de Proyecto de Ley, Orden del Día Nº 590 del año 2008.
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575:
89:
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4003:
3137:
1063:
867:
39:
5390:
4576:
4538:
4349:
3307:"división política. Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Provincia santa cruz"
740:
3715:
3048:
5341:
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most of the region and the severity of the climate, the flora is sparse and limited only to coastal areas.
768:
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4939:
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3606:"Dirección Nacional del Antártico | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto"
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4627:
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4288:
4248:
3268:
La Antártica Chilena. p. 173. Escrito por Oscar Pinochet de la Barra. Publicado por Andrés Bello, 1976.
3098:
43:
32:
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returned to Antarctica in 1905 to take staff from the South Orkney and travel to Deception Island and
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378:
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3104:
3002:
1141:
5105:
4703:
4693:
4477:
4449:
4405:
2920:
2880:
1043:, the Refugio Teniente Lasala (a hut and a tent) was opened by the staff of the Argentine ship ARA
771:
on 10 October 1900. This expedition received support, and in exchange, offered the services of the
665:
510:
502:
since 1904, along with the area's proximity to the South American continent, and is subject to the
390:
243:
193:
5142:
1082:
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5256:
4907:
4733:
4637:
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4319:
4090:"Fuerzas Armadas: Argentina y Finlandia avanzan en la construcción de un buque para la Antártida"
3810:
3419:"Elecciones 2021: Juntos por el Cambio arrasó en la Antártida y el Frente de Todos quedó tercero"
1205:
809:
2048:
5349:
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4708:
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2806:
2054:
982:
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701:
540:
was the first Argentine to set foot on Antarctica in 1902, where he spent two seasons with the
537:
514:
294:
263:
93:
5365:
1972:
1028:
occurred when an Argentine team fired a machine gun over the heads of a civil team of British
5200:
4728:
4678:
4673:
4568:
4410:
4354:
4332:
4071:"El "Irízar" arribó a Ushuaia concluyendo la segunda etapa de la Campaña Antártica de Verano"
3243:
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1235:
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under then-Colonel Jorge Edgard Leal. The operation was named for the target 90 degree South
882:
4145:
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5163:
5074:
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4944:
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3174:
2578:
2380:
2330:
2017:
1165:
905:
853:
682:
499:
3892:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. Archived from
3391:
545:
104:
8:
4902:
4803:
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4738:
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4663:
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4395:
3044:
2070:
1967:
1215:
964:
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480:
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3542:"Conmemoración de Hugo Alberto Acuña y su izado de la bandera argentina en la Antártida"
5152:
5147:
4723:
3853:(in Spanish). Embassy of Argentina in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Archived from
3564:
3278:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
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2192:
2188:
716:
651:
491:
claims in Antarctica. None of these claims have widespread international recognition.
476:
472:
3525:"List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM yoggynhyss-date=2013-12-30"
3123:
2336:
2039:
devotes resources to its annual Antarctic missions. In 2022/23, the auxiliary vessels
949:
916:, under the command of the Lieutenant Alfredo P. Lamas, established an observatory in
594:
5333:
4785:
4658:
4327:
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3638:
3480:
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3197:"Primeros resultados del Censo: 230 personas habitan la Antártida - Diario Los Andes"
3036:
2886:
2415:
1126:
1025:
912:. Two attempted expeditions to Wandel Island failed. In June 1905, the transport ARA
890:
862:
3586:
3366:"Censo 2010: en la Antártida viven 230 personas, 9 familias y 16 niños | Ciudadanos"
4829:
4775:
4274:
4262:
3217:[Orcadas Naval Base] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Fundación Marambio. 1999.
2996:
2672:
2534:
2455:
1241:
1075:
1040:
956:
805:
781:
706:
503:
438:
3697:
3171:"Provincia según departamento. Población, superficie y densidad. Años 1991 y 2001"
2104:), laboratory and meteorological station; southernmost Argentine base (since 1979)
1137:
948:, said their Antarctic rights were between the Meridian 25° and 68°24' West (near
790:
100:
5248:
5029:
5008:
4972:
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3147:
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1996:
1144:. On 13 August 1954, he proposed that the Argentine government create homes near
1024:) opened. On 1 February 1952, while building the Esperanza Base at Hope Bay, the
894:
619:
312:
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1096:
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in honor of the captain of the Corvette, Ismael Galíndez, and another was named
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1985:
1145:
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1021:
1009:
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921:
898:
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772:
586:
4874:
3825:"Argentina convirtiendo la Base transitoria Petrel en Antártida en permanente"
1118:
852:
On 2 January 1904, Argentina acquired a weather station installed by Scotsman
828:
536:
The Argentine exploration of the continent started early in the 20th century.
135:"Antártida Argentina" redirects here. For the railway station in Rosario, see
5384:
5325:
5021:
4927:
4698:
4492:
3392:"INDEC: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de la República Argentina"
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2813:
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159:
146:
4892:
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The geographic structure of Argentine Antarctica shares some features with
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1153:
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673:
602:
590:
549:
405:
3214:
1214:, located to the north. The highest peaks are located at the south of the
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about their claims in Antarctica and other islands of the South Atlantic.
775:
to deliver scientific data and zoological collections. On the way through
4922:
4502:
4482:
4369:
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3634:
Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events
2757:
2682:
2012:, the principal supply line for Argentine bases in Antarctica since 1978.
1254:
1219:
1177:
904:
The Argentine Government established two meteorological observatories on
794:
786:
598:
4179:
2198:
Catholic Chapel, Post, Gym, Civil registration, port, tourist facilities
5000:
4985:
4932:
4559:
4432:
4311:
3560:"From Antarctica, President Fernández calls for 'peace and prosperity'"
3333:"Antarctica logs hottest temperature on record with a reading of 18.3C"
2004:
1112:
1100:
1013:
696:
553:
468:
452:
4897:
4472:
3286:
Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes
1981:
1223:
1211:
1067:
917:
721:
639:
460:
456:
368:
256:
3766:
1062:
filed two lawsuits against Argentina and Chile respectively, in the
626:-born Argentine Marine Commodore serving in the naval forces of the
4497:
2179:
1250:
1193:
1108:
970:
removed the evidence of the Argentine inauguration and planted the
4053:"La Armada Argentina se prepara para la campaña antártica 2022/23"
494:
Argentina's Antarctic claim is based on its presence on a base on
3682:
1152:
The first documented person born in Antarctica was the Argentine
623:
522:
3093:
Children, teenagers and teachers of the school of Esperanza Base
3081:
None of these claims have widespread international recognition.
3924:"Situación Ambiental en La Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur"
1086:
840:
820:
789:. It set out on 8 October 1903 under the command of Lieutenant
711:
2999:(built in February 1902 by the Swedish South Polar Expedition)
4280:
4002:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from
3811:"La Radio Pública presente en la Campaña Antártica de verano"
3789:"Argentina angry after Antarctic territory named after Queen"
986:
670:
Political-Military Command of the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands
631:
568:
5193:
5104:
525:. Argentine activities in Antarctica are coordinated by the
207:
Argentine Antarctica map since 1950. Orcadas base from 1904.
4039:
Flags of the Night Sky: When Astronomy Meets National Pride
4026:
Flags of the Night Sky: When Astronomy Meets National Pride
2678:
There are 64 other establishments in Argentine Antarctica.
1173:. Argentina opposed Britain's decision to rename the area.
4228:
3965:"Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1981–2010"
4215:
3698:"1952 – Quinta Invasión Inglesa a la Antártida Argentina"
2287:
2286:
Airport, 1.2 km long, 30m wide runway (since 1969) (
426:
3767:"Operación 90: La llegada al Polo Sur por vía terrestre"
974:. On 5 March of the same year, the Argentine vessel ARA
519:
Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands
3996:"Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por localidades"
2659:
2000:
Argentine bases on Antarctica (permanent bases in red).
1176:
In 2013, the Argentine Defense Ministry announced that
1032:
workers and forced them to withdraw to their ship, the
1012:) from the first Argentine expedition that reached the
2047:
were tasked to the mission, along with the icebreaker
1613:
Average Precipitation in selected locations in mm (in)
797:
who had been sheltering following the collapse of the
4246:
4196:
3453:
Acciones navales de la república Argentina, 1813-1828
2370:), laboratory and meteorological station (since 1951)
1263:
Average Temperatures in selected locations in °C (°F)
42:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
4859:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
5396:
Departments of Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina
3678:"FALKLAND ISLANDS DEPENDENCIES (HOPE BAY INCIDENT)"
4618:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
3658:Historic Huts of the Antarctic from the Heroic Age
3477:Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans
3103:In 1978, the first Antarctic baby was born in the
2184:Laboratory and meteorological station (since 1952)
1103:. It was conducted in 1965 by ten soldiers of the
3948:
2053:. These vessels were supported by Argentine Navy
1099:was the first Argentine ground expedition to the
5382:
1140:, was the forerunner of the installation of the
779:, Lieutenant Jose Maria Sobral boarded the ship
5406:States and territories established in the 1900s
2024:The bases are supplied by ships as well as by
1914:
1826:
1738:
1564:
1476:
1388:
5179:
5090:
4845:
4296:
3967:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
3505:– Secretaría del Tratado Antártico (Spanish).
3456:(in Spanish). Impr. del Ministerio de Marina.
3417:de 2021, 16 de Noviembre (16 November 2021).
748:
446:
397:Esperanza and Marambio Stations: 0054 + 02964
5224:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4000:Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo
3921:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3884:
3882:
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1202:Geography of the British Antarctic Territory
1085:began passenger flights between Ushuaia and
509:Administratively, Argentine Antarctica is a
3637:. Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
3435:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
327:1,461,597 km (564,326 sq mi)
5186:
5172:
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4852:
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4303:
4289:
3742:"Antarctica (United Kingdom v. Argentina)"
3039:(administered between Chile and Argentina)
755:
741:
521:. The provincial authorities are based in
467:and a triangular section extending to the
103:. Please do not remove this message until
3908:
3869:
3330:
650:, strong winds pushed them to parallel 65
335:965,597 km (372,819 sq mi)
174:Department in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
5265:Patagonia west of the continental divide
5194:Territorial disputes involving Argentina
4087:
3667:– Scott Polar Research Institute (2010).
3630:
3245:The international politics of Antarctica
3122:
3088:
2663:
2003:
1995:
1971:
1240:The climate of the region ranges from a
1187:
1117:
1003:
839:
827:
819:
99:Relevant discussion may be found on the
38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4234:Dirección Nacional del Antártico: Bases
4197:Menutti, Adela; Menutti, María (1980).
4050:
3416:
3165:
3163:
901:, in homage to the Argentine Corvette.
815:
664:On 10 June 1829, the government of the
628:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
416:13 bases (6 permanents and 7 seasonals)
5383:
4041:. Springer Publications: 2011. p. 119.
4028:. Springer Publications: 2011. p. 118.
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
571:is used in the area, as in Argentina.
5167:
5078:
4833:
4284:
4146:"Espíritu Güemesiano en la Antártida"
3530:. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012.
3449:
3331:Readfearn, Graham (7 February 2020).
3221:from the original on 2 December 2013.
1984:dividing the flag diagonally and the
999:Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5241:Disputes settled in the 20th century
4809:
3922:Izaguirre, Irina; Sánchez, Rodolfo.
3517:
3241:
3160:
3143:List of Antarctic territorial claims
3107:at the Esperanza Base. He was named
3076:List of Antarctic territorial claims
2959:, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island
2660:Camps, huts and other establishments
1030:Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey
767:The Argentine government joined the
630:, began a campaign to intercept the
613:
483:parallel. This region overlaps with
73:
15:
3979:
2189:LRA36 Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel
997:was created under authority of the
959:. In January 1943, the crew of the
137:Antártida Argentina railway station
13:
5411:1900s establishments in Antarctica
4178:. 22 December 2017. Archived from
4051:Piñeiro, Luis (11 November 2022).
2283:Laboratory, meteorological station
2064:
1991:
793:to find and rescue members of the
548:. Shortly afterward, in 1904, the
14:
5422:
4206:
4201:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Edil.
2374:
1161:Foreign & Commonwealth Office
995:"Antarctic and Malvinas Division"
893:. One of these islands was named
5401:Territorial claims in Antarctica
5118:
4984:
4861:Territorial claims in Antarctica
4808:
4799:
4798:
4558:
4268:
4256:
4216:Dirección Nacional del Antártico
3115:had a winter population of 165.
2193:Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín
1026:first shooting war in Antarctica
418:64 others (huts, refuges, camps)
269:
249:
231:
216:
201:
78:
20:
4199:Geografía Argentina y Universal
4190:
4164:
4138:
4126:
4100:
4088:Dinatale, Martin (4 May 2023).
4081:
4063:
4044:
4031:
4018:
3843:
3817:
3803:
3781:
3760:
3734:
3708:
3690:
3683:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3670:
3651:
3624:
3598:
3580:
3552:
3534:
3508:
3489:
3469:
3460:
3443:
3410:
3384:
3358:
3133:Argentine actions in Antarctica
3084:
363:0.00032/km (0.00083/sq mi)
4888:Australian Antarctic Territory
4310:
3496:SMH 38: Cabaña de Nordenskjöld
3324:
3299:
3271:
3262:
3235:
3225:
3207:
3189:
3138:Australian Antarctic Territory
1064:International Court of Justice
868:Day of the Argentine Antarctic
1:
5231:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
4075:Argentine Ministry of Defence
3716:"Indice General de Histarmar"
3372:(in Spanish). 25 October 2010
3153:
2723:Estación Científica Ellsworth
1610:
1260:
1222:nearby. The land is under an
668:issued a decree creating the
527:Instituto Antártico Argentino
5342:Laguna del Desierto incident
4242:Argentine Antarctica History
4077:(in Spanish). 14 March 2023.
3929:(in Spanish). Archived from
3791:. BBC News. 22 December 2012
3544:(in Spanish). Archived from
3475:Stonehouse, Bernard (2002).
3215:"Destacamento Naval Orcadas"
1976:The flag of Tierra del Fuego
1870:
1782:
1617:
1520:
1432:
1267:
1183:
769:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
574:Argentina has six permanent
542:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
7:
4952:Chilean Antarctic Territory
4940:British Antarctic Territory
4108:"Emilio Marcos Palma at 30"
3776:Llegada al Polo (terrestre)
3127:Antarctic office in Ushuaia
3118:
2719:, Edith Ronne Land (closed)
1051:of the British frigate HMS
887:French Antarctic Expedition
578:and seven summer stations.
531:Argentine Antarctic Program
105:conditions to do so are met
10:
5427:
3778:on the column at the left)
3248:. Routledge. p. 119.
3099:Demographics of Antarctica
3096:
1965:
1961:
1915:
1871:
1827:
1783:
1739:
1565:
1521:
1477:
1433:
1389:
1233:
1229:
1199:
978:removed the British flag.
638:. When they were crossing
608:
448:Sector Antártico Argentino
134:
5299:
5240:
5199:
5125:
5116:
5110:Tierra del Fuego Province
5038:
5020:
4993:
4982:
4867:
4794:
4747:
4646:
4610:
4567:
4556:
4511:
4460:
4383:
4318:
4133:60 años de Base Esperanza
3631:Headland, Robert (1989).
3501:23 September 2015 at the
3450:Brown, Guillermo (1904).
3049:Antarctic claims of Chile
3043:Argentina's claim to the
2237:), scientific station at
1159:On 18 December 2012, the
1008:A caterpillar tractor (a
861:noted the first time the
422:
412:
401:
389:
377:
367:
359:
351:
346:
339:
331:
323:
318:
305:
300:
290:
282:
262:
242:
230:
212:
200:
191:
179:
4468:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
4226:(in Spanish and English)
2921:Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
2881:Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1218:, which has islands and
1074:On 1 December 1959, the
666:province of Buenos Aires
459:as part of its national
5137:Islas del Atlántico Sur
3663:8 February 2013 at the
3479:. John Wiley and Sons.
3242:Beck, Peter J. (1986).
2766:Francisco de Gurruchaga
2685:Alférez de Navío Sobral
2279:Seymour-Marambio Island
1206:Geography of Antarctica
1039:On 17 January 1953, at
873:The Argentine corvette
5350:Sinking of Chian-der 3
3279:"The Antarctic Treaty"
3128:
3105:Fortín Sargento Cabral
3094:
3003:Refuge Abrazo de Maipú
2675:
2619:Teniente Matienzo Base
2013:
2001:
1977:
1197:
1142:Fortín Sargento Cabral
1130:
1017:
983:South Sandwich Islands
934:Universal Postal Union
926:Bahía Guardia Nacional
849:
837:
825:
550:Orcadas Permanent Base
447:
442:
237:Location in Antarctica
5273:Encuentro-Alto Palena
3851:"Regiones argentinas"
3769:by Jorge Edgard Leal
3126:
3092:
3023:63.34583°S 57.55333°W
2947:62.65611°S 61.01083°W
2907:77.90056°S 45.78361°W
2827:62.21000°S 58.93417°W
2667:
2129:77.90056°S 45.78361°W
2007:
1999:
1975:
1236:Climate of Antarctica
1191:
1121:
1113:geographic South Pole
1083:Aerolíneas Argentinas
1047:. On 15 February, 32
1007:
924:, renamed in Spanish
883:Jean-Baptiste Charcot
843:
831:
823:
659:Tierra de la Trinidad
463:. It consists of the
379:Argentine Postal Code
5391:Argentine Antarctica
5318:Corbeta Uruguay base
5289:Martín García Island
5210:Argentine Antarctica
5131:Argentine Antarctica
5053:Uruguayan Antarctica
5048:Brazilian Antarctica
4945:Queen Elizabeth Land
4883:Argentine Antarctica
4172:"Ejército Argentino"
4135:– Fundación Marambio
4037:Bordeleau, Andre G.
4024:Bordeleau, Andre G.
3720:www.histarmar.com.ar
3028:-63.34583; -57.55333
2952:-62.65611; -61.01083
2912:-77.90056; -45.78361
2832:-62.21000; -58.93417
2579:Almirante Brown Base
2381:Teniente Camara Base
2331:South Orkney Islands
2134:-77.90056; -45.78361
2055:Sea King helicopters
2018:South Orkney Islands
1166:Queen Elizabeth Land
985:). on 4 March 1948,
906:South Georgia Island
854:William Speirs Bruce
816:Permanent occupation
683:Regions of Argentina
500:South Orkney Islands
435:Argentine Antarctica
360: • Density
181:Argentine Antarctica
31:factual accuracy is
5310:Beagle channel maps
5281:Laguna del Desierto
5057:American Antarctica
4781:Robert Falcon Scott
4438:South magnetic pole
4396:Antarctic Peninsula
4391:Biogeographic realm
4182:on 17 January 2010.
3936:on 14 December 2016
3896:on 11 November 2016
3857:on 11 November 2016
3748:on 9 September 2015
3686:. 20 February 1952.
3592:7 June 2007 at the
3370:La Voz del Interior
3203:on 28 October 2010.
3045:Antarctic Peninsula
3019: /
2979: /
2943: /
2903: /
2863: /
2823: /
2783: /
2740: /
2703: /
2636: /
2596: /
2557: /
2517: /
2478: /
2438: /
2398: /
2354: /
2313: /
2261: /
2221: /
2162: /
2125: /
2088: /
2045:Estrecho San Carlos
1968:Flags of Antarctica
1615:
1265:
1216:Antarctic Peninsula
1058:On 4 May 1955, the
804:A hut was built on
728:Antártida Argentina
692:Argentine Northwest
656:Antarctic Peninsula
471:, delimited by the
465:Antarctic Peninsula
443:Antártida Argentina
185:Antártida Argentina
156: /
92:of this article is
5064:Spanish Antarctica
5060:Russian Antarctica
4908:Princess Elizabeth
4719:Telecommunications
4633:Territorial claims
4114:on 17 October 2011
4006:on 7 February 2019
3610:cancilleria.gob.ar
3568:. 22 February 2023
3565:Buenos Aires Times
3129:
3095:
3047:overlaps with the
2841:King George Island
2676:
2461:Petrel Air Station
2239:King George Island
2014:
2002:
1978:
1698:
1694:
1611:
1348:
1344:
1261:
1244:in the north to a
1198:
1171:Queen Elizabeth II
1131:
1018:
850:
838:
826:
576:Antarctic stations
479:meridians and the
352: • Total
324: • Total
5378:
5377:
5334:Hope Bay incident
5161:
5160:
5072:
5071:
5039:Unrecognized and
5013:
5005:
4977:
4969:
4961:
4913:Kaiser Wilhelm II
4879:
4827:
4826:
4786:Ernest Shackleton
4714:Research stations
4659:Antarctic English
4628:National programs
4623:Military activity
4597:COVID-19 pandemic
4554:
4553:
4423:Floristic Kingdom
4328:Antarctic sea ice
3644:978-0-521-30903-5
3037:Trinity Peninsula
2983:63.367°S 56.983°W
2887:Belgrano III Base
2867:77.783°S 38.250°W
2787:62.250°S 59.000°W
2744:77.750°S 41.000°W
2707:81.083°S 40.000°W
2640:64.967°S 60.067°W
2600:64.883°S 62.883°W
2561:64.333°S 62.983°W
2521:64.150°S 60.950°W
2482:63.467°S 56.283°W
2442:62.867°S 60.717°W
2416:Livingston Island
2402:62.033°S 58.700°W
2358:68.133°S 67.100°W
2317:60.733°S 44.733°W
2265:64.233°S 56.617°W
2225:62.233°S 58.667°W
2166:63.400°S 57.000°W
2092:77.867°S 34.617°W
1959:
1958:
1916:Belgrano II Base
1609:
1608:
1566:Belgrano II Base
1127:Trinity Peninsula
891:Argentine Islands
863:flag of Argentina
765:
764:
614:First expeditions
546:Otto Nordenskiöld
538:José María Sobral
432:
431:
332: • Land
295:José María Sobral
160:75.000°S 49.500°W
133:
132:
125:
72:
71:
64:
5418:
5371:
5361:
5353:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5292:
5284:
5276:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5217:Falkland Islands
5212:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5122:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5076:
5075:
5011:
5003:
4988:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4877:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4831:
4830:
4812:
4811:
4802:
4801:
4776:James Clark Ross
4748:Famous explorers
4562:
4381:
4380:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4240:
4227:
4214:
4202:
4184:
4183:
4176:Argentina.gob.ar
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4110:. Archived from
4104:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4042:
4035:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3992:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3961:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3886:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3785:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3744:. Archived from
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3674:
3668:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3596:
3587:Islas Argentinas
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3493:
3487:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3426:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3396:www.indec.gob.ar
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3283:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3239:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3199:. Archived from
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3173:. Archived from
3167:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
2997:Snow Hill Island
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:-63.367; -56.983
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:-77.783; -38.250
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2792:-62.250; -59.000
2788:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:-77.750; -41.000
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:-81.083; -40.000
2708:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2673:Petermann Island
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:-64.967; -60.067
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:-64.883; -62.883
2601:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:-64.333; -62.983
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2535:Alexander Island
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:-64.150; -60.950
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2487:-63.467; -56.283
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2456:Deception Island
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:-62.867; -60.717
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:-62.033; -58.700
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:-68.133; -67.100
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2322:-60.733; -44.733
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:-64.233; -56.617
2266:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:-62.233; -58.667
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:-63.400; -57.000
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:-77.867; -34.617
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2050:Almirante Irízar
2041:Puerto Argentino
2030:DHC-6 Twin Otter
2010:Almirante Irizar
1872:San Martín Base
1779:1,308.5 (51.52)
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1522:San Martín Base
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1242:subpolar climate
1076:Antarctic Treaty
1041:Deception Island
967:Carnarvon Castle
957:Deception Island
914:Guardia Nacional
810:Antarctic Treaty
806:Snow Hill Island
757:
750:
743:
679:
678:
504:Antarctic Treaty
451:) is an area on
450:
283:First expedition
277:Tierra del Fuego
275:
273:
272:
255:
253:
252:
235:
220:
205:
177:
176:
171:
170:
168:
167:
166:
165:-75.000; -49.500
161:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
82:
81:
74:
67:
60:
56:
53:
47:
44:reliably sourced
24:
23:
16:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5364:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5332:
5324:
5316:
5308:
5295:
5287:
5279:
5271:
5263:
5257:Puna de Atacama
5255:
5249:Beagle conflict
5247:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:Latent disputes
5195:
5192:
5162:
5157:
5123:
5112:
5103:
5073:
5068:
5041:Proposed claims
5040:
5034:
5030:Marie Byrd Land
5016:
5009:Yamato Yukihara
4989:
4980:
4973:Ross Dependency
4965:Queen Maud Land
4863:
4858:
4828:
4823:
4790:
4760:Richard E. Byrd
4743:
4704:Protected areas
4642:
4606:
4563:
4550:
4507:
4461:Bodies of Water
4456:
4445:West Antarctica
4401:East Antarctica
4379:
4314:
4309:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4257:
4255:
4247:
4238:
4225:
4221:Argentine Bases
4212:
4209:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4153:
4150:www.marambio.aq
4144:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4086:
4082:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4049:
4045:
4036:
4032:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3994:
3993:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3665:Wayback Machine
3656:
3652:
3645:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3594:Wayback Machine
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3548:on 14 May 2013.
3540:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3503:Wayback Machine
3494:
3490:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3448:
3444:
3428:
3427:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3177:on 17 July 2010
3169:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3148:Ross Dependency
3121:
3101:
3087:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2927:Camp Livingston
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2847:Belgrano I Base
2831:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2725:(ex US) (1958)
2711:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2662:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2337:San Martín Base
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2065:Permanent bases
2008:The icebreaker
1994:
1992:Argentine bases
1970:
1964:
1784:Esperanza Base
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1434:Esperanza Base
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1238:
1232:
1208:
1186:
950:Punta Dúngeness
895:Galindez Island
818:
761:
620:Guillermo Brown
616:
611:
417:
413:Number of bases
396:
385:
313:Gustavo Melella
270:
268:
250:
248:
238:
226:
225:
224:
223:
208:
196:
187:
182:
175:
164:
162:
158:
155:
150:
147:
145:
143:
142:
140:
129:
118:
112:
109:
98:
83:
79:
68:
57:
51:
48:
37:
29:This article's
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5362:
5358:Snipe incident
5354:
5346:
5338:
5330:
5322:
5314:
5305:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5168:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5126:
5124:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5102:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5079:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5006:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4990:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4957:Peter I Island
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:Mac. Robertson
4900:
4895:
4885:
4880:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4834:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4806:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4770:Ui-te-Rangiora
4767:
4765:Douglas Mawson
4762:
4757:
4755:Roald Amundsen
4751:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4694:Gateway cities
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Antarctica Day
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4526:
4524:Microorganisms
4521:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:List of rivers
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Extreme points
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:Climate change
4330:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4278:
4277:
4265:
4245:
4244:
4236:
4231:
4223:
4218:
4208:
4207:External links
4205:
4204:
4203:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4163:
4137:
4125:
4099:
4080:
4062:
4043:
4030:
4017:
3978:
3947:
3907:
3868:
3842:
3816:
3802:
3780:
3759:
3733:
3707:
3689:
3669:
3650:
3643:
3623:
3597:
3579:
3551:
3533:
3516:
3507:
3488:
3468:
3459:
3442:
3409:
3383:
3357:
3323:
3298:
3270:
3261:
3254:
3234:
3224:
3206:
3188:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3120:
3117:
3086:
3083:
3041:
3040:
3000:
2963:Refugio Suecia
2960:
2924:
2884:
2844:
2804:
2761:
2720:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:Larsen Nunatak
2616:
2576:
2537:
2500:Base Primavera
2497:
2458:
2421:Base Deception
2418:
2376:
2375:Seasonal bases
2373:
2372:
2371:
2334:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2241:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2185:
2142:
2105:
2066:
2063:
2037:Argentine Navy
2026:C-130 Hercules
1993:
1990:
1986:Southern Cross
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:299.5 (11.79)
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1911:410.4 (16.16)
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1867:362.8 (14.28)
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:Marambio Base
1825:
1824:
1823:574.8 (22.63)
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:Marambio Base
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1234:Main article:
1231:
1228:
1192:Watercraft in
1185:
1182:
1146:Esperanza Base
1123:Esperanza Base
1105:Argentine Army
1060:United Kingdom
1022:Esperanza Base
1010:Tucker Sno-Cat
922:Cumberland Bay
899:Uruguay Island
879:Wiencke Island
824:DNA-IAA emblem
817:
814:
799:Antarctic ship
773:Argentine Navy
763:
762:
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
734:
733:
732:
731:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
686:
685:
615:
612:
610:
607:
430:
429:
424:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
403:
399:
398:
393:
387:
386:
383:
381:
375:
374:
371:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:
344:
343:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
303:
302:
298:
297:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
266:
260:
259:
246:
240:
239:
236:
228:
227:
221:
215:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
183:
180:
173:
131:
130:
86:
84:
77:
70:
69:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5423:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5326:Falklands War
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5010:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:Former claims
4992:
4987:
4974:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:Midwinter Day
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4638:Treaty System
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:McMurdo Sound
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Marambio Base
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4195:
4194:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4096:(in Spanish).
4095:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3813:(in Spanish).
3812:
3806:
3790:
3784:
3777:
3768:
3763:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3704:(in Spanish).
3703:
3699:
3693:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3526:
3520:
3511:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3485:0-471-98665-8
3482:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3425:(in Spanish).
3424:
3420:
3413:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3308:
3302:
3287:
3280:
3274:
3265:
3257:
3255:0-7099-3239-1
3251:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3032:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2848:
2845:
2843:(open as hut)
2842:
2836:
2808:
2805:
2803:(open as hut)
2802:
2801:Nelson Island
2796:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Anvers Island
2570:
2541:
2540:Base Melchior
2538:
2536:
2530:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Dundee Island
2491:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2245:
2244:Marambio Base
2242:
2240:
2234:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2191:, School #38
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1969:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1778:
1776:109.7 (4.32)
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:108.0 (4.25)
1754:
1752:121.2 (4.77)
1751:
1749:169.4 (6.67)
1748:
1746:143.2 (5.64)
1745:
1743:136.9 (5.39)
1742:
1740:Orcadas Base
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:−18.4 (−1.1)
1592:
1590:−20.2 (−4.4)
1589:
1587:−20.4 (−4.7)
1586:
1584:−19.1 (−2.4)
1583:
1581:−18.1 (−0.6)
1580:
1577:
1575:−12.0 (10.4)
1574:
1571:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:−11.5 (11.3)
1545:
1543:−11.6 (11.1)
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:−10.1 (13.8)
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:−10.8 (12.6)
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:−10.5 (13.1)
1454:
1452:−10.4 (13.3)
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:Orcadas Base
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1246:polar climate
1243:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1196:, Antarctica.
1195:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:Hernán Pujato
1134:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:Marambio Base
1089:, landing at
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:Royal Marines
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
968:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
946:sector theory
941:
937:
935:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:Wandel Island
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
881:in search of
880:
876:
871:
869:
864:
859:
858:Laurie Island
855:
847:
842:
836:, circa 1903.
835:
834:Laurie Island
832:Omond House,
830:
822:
813:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
791:Julián Irizar
788:
784:
783:
778:
774:
770:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
738:
736:
735:
730:
729:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:
684:
681:
680:
677:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:Pacific Ocean
634:fleet in the
633:
629:
625:
621:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
565:
561:
559:
556:was the 1965
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
496:Laurie Island
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
444:
440:
436:
428:
425:
421:
415:
411:
407:
404:
400:
394:
392:
388:
382:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
314:
311:
309:
306: •
304:
299:
296:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
267:
265:
261:
258:
247:
245:
241:
234:
229:
219:
211:
204:
199:
195:
190:
186:
178:
172:
169:
138:
127:
124:
116:
106:
102:
96:
95:
91:
85:
76:
75:
66:
63:
55:
45:
41:
35:
34:
27:
18:
17:
5366:
5209:
5130:
5129:
4882:
4684:Firefighting
4669:Demographics
4592:Colonization
4587:World War II
4239:(in Spanish)
4213:(in Spanish)
4198:
4191:Bibliography
4180:the original
4175:
4166:
4154:. Retrieved
4152:(in Spanish)
4149:
4140:
4128:
4116:. Retrieved
4112:the original
4102:
4093:
4083:
4074:
4065:
4056:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
4004:the original
3999:
3969:. Retrieved
3938:. Retrieved
3931:the original
3898:. Retrieved
3894:the original
3859:. Retrieved
3855:the original
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3831:(in Spanish)
3828:
3819:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3783:
3775:
3771:(in Spanish)
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3746:the original
3736:
3724:. Retrieved
3722:(in Spanish)
3719:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3681:
3672:
3653:
3633:
3626:
3614:. Retrieved
3612:(in Spanish)
3609:
3600:
3582:
3570:. Retrieved
3563:
3554:
3546:the original
3536:
3519:
3510:
3491:
3476:
3471:
3462:
3452:
3445:
3422:
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3398:(in Spanish)
3395:
3386:
3374:. Retrieved
3369:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3337:The Guardian
3336:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3312:(in Spanish)
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3285:
3273:
3264:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3209:
3201:the original
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3113:
3109:Emilio Palma
3102:
3085:Demographics
3080:
3073:
3042:
2765:
2684:
2677:
2669:Groussac hut
2614:Paradise Bay
2333:(since 1903)
2296:Orcadas Base
2195:(since 1978)
2108:Belgrano III
2059:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2023:
2015:
2009:
1979:
1952:17.0 (0.67)
1949:18.2 (0.72)
1946:20.2 (0.80)
1943:39.0 (1.54)
1940:26.9 (1.06)
1937:27.8 (1.09)
1934:25.0 (0.98)
1931:22.5 (0.89)
1928:16.8 (0.66)
1925:32.5 (1.28)
1922:27.4 (1.08)
1919:26.2 (1.03)
1908:27.0 (1.06)
1905:30.4 (1.20)
1902:32.2 (1.27)
1899:40.9 (1.61)
1896:36.4 (1.43)
1893:39.4 (1.55)
1890:28.0 (1.10)
1887:34.4 (1.35)
1884:33.1 (1.30)
1881:48.3 (1.90)
1878:46.5 (1.83)
1875:13.8 (0.54)
1864:35.0 (1.38)
1861:28.0 (1.10)
1858:18.1 (0.71)
1855:30.7 (1.21)
1852:17.6 (0.69)
1849:17.8 (0.70)
1846:13.9 (0.55)
1843:24.6 (0.97)
1840:26.1 (1.03)
1837:51.5 (2.03)
1834:55.1 (2.17)
1831:44.4 (1.75)
1820:39.4 (1.55)
1817:51.0 (2.01)
1814:50.4 (1.98)
1811:49.6 (1.95)
1808:47.4 (1.87)
1805:40.3 (1.59)
1802:39.3 (1.55)
1799:47.7 (1.88)
1796:49.0 (1.93)
1793:72.8 (2.87)
1790:49.9 (1.96)
1787:38.0 (1.50)
1773:91.9 (3.62)
1770:89.1 (3.51)
1767:85.6 (3.37)
1764:94.5 (3.72)
1761:77.5 (3.05)
1758:81.5 (3.21)
1734:
1730:
1612:
1605:−13.3 (8.1)
1602:−3.0 (26.6)
1599:−8.0 (17.6)
1596:−14.8 (5.4)
1578:−16.7 (1.9)
1572:−7.0 (19.4)
1569:−2.4 (27.7)
1561:−4.6 (23.7)
1555:−2.0 (28.4)
1552:−5.9 (21.4)
1549:−8.9 (16.0)
1540:−9.3 (15.3)
1537:−5.3 (22.5)
1534:−3.3 (26.1)
1531:−1.2 (29.8)
1517:−8.1 (17.4)
1514:−1.2 (29.8)
1511:−3.6 (25.5)
1508:−7.6 (18.3)
1502:−13.1 (8.4)
1499:−14.7 (5.5)
1496:−14.7 (5.5)
1493:−12.8 (9.0)
1487:−6.1 (21.0)
1484:−2.0 (28.4)
1481:−0.8 (30.6)
1473:−4.6 (23.7)
1467:−1.1 (30.0)
1464:−4.3 (24.3)
1461:−6.5 (20.3)
1458:−9.0 (15.8)
1449:−8.2 (17.2)
1446:−6.1 (21.0)
1443:−2.3 (27.9)
1429:−3.0 (26.6)
1423:−0.7 (30.7)
1420:−2.8 (27.0)
1417:−5.4 (22.3)
1414:−7.8 (18.0)
1411:−9.3 (15.3)
1408:−7.9 (17.8)
1405:−4.6 (23.7)
1402:−1.8 (28.8)
1384:
1380:
1262:
1239:
1220:archipelagos
1209:
1175:
1169:in honor of
1164:
1158:
1154:Emilio Palma
1151:
1135:
1132:
1097:Operación 90
1095:
1080:
1073:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1019:
994:
991:
980:
975:
972:British flag
966:
954:
942:
938:
930:
925:
913:
903:
874:
872:
851:
846:Orcadas Base
803:
798:
780:
777:Buenos Aires
766:
727:
726:
674:Louis Vernet
669:
663:
658:
647:
643:
617:
601:, and 17 at
580:
573:
566:
562:
558:Operación 90
535:
508:
493:
434:
433:
406:Orcadas Base
395:0054 + 02901
184:
141:
119:
113:January 2024
110:
88:
58:
49:
30:
5320:(1976–1982)
5312:(1898–1984)
5106:Departments
4875:Adélie Land
4772:(legendary)
4679:Field camps
4577:Expeditions
4503:Weddell Sea
4483:Lake Vostok
4478:Lake Mercer
4350:Ice shelves
4094:El Cronista
4057:Defensa.com
3940:14 December
3900:11 November
3890:"Antártida"
3861:11 November
3795:22 December
3316:16 December
3026: /
2986: /
2950: /
2910: /
2870: /
2830: /
2807:Base Ballvé
2790: /
2758:Weddell Sea
2747: /
2710: /
2643: /
2603: /
2564: /
2524: /
2485: /
2445: /
2405: /
2361: /
2320: /
2268: /
2228: /
2169: /
2132: /
2095: /
2071:Belgrano II
2032:aircraft.
1558:0.8 (33.4)
1528:0.9 (33.6)
1525:2.0 (35.6)
1470:0.8 (33.4)
1440:0.7 (33.3)
1437:1.4 (34.5)
1426:0.6 (33.1)
1399:0.4 (32.7)
1396:1.4 (34.5)
1393:1.4 (34.5)
1255:polar night
1178:Petrel Base
1111:point (the
1034:John Biscoe
875:ARA Uruguay
787:ARA Uruguay
702:Mesopotamia
642:aboard the
599:Belgrano II
455:claimed by
163: /
5385:Categories
5143:Rio Grande
5139:(disputed)
5001:New Swabia
4918:Queen Mary
4582:Heroic Age
4433:South Pole
4343:Heat waves
4312:Antarctica
3829:MercoPress
3774:(Click on
3702:irizar.org
3572:5 November
3232:5-10-1989.
3154:References
3097:See also:
3059:, and the
3014:57°33′12″W
3011:63°20′45″S
2938:61°00′39″W
2935:62°39′22″S
2898:45°47′01″W
2895:77°54′02″S
2818:58°56′03″W
2815:62°12′36″S
2141:) (closed)
2120:45°47′01″W
2117:77°54′02″S
1966:See also:
1200:See also:
1101:South Pole
1045:Chiriguano
1014:South Pole
976:1° de Mayo
795:expedition
697:Gran Chaco
595:San Martín
567:Time zone
554:South Pole
529:(IAA) and
511:department
469:South Pole
453:Antarctica
427:DNA.gov.ar
402:First base
391:Area codes
347:Population
301:Government
291:Founded by
194:Department
90:neutrality
5367:Soberanía
5301:Incidents
5022:Unclaimed
4734:Transport
4473:Lake CECs
4450:ice sheet
4406:ice sheet
4375:Volcanoes
4365:Mountains
4320:Geography
4275:Argentina
4263:Geography
4156:4 January
3835:4 January
3726:4 January
3616:4 January
3376:4 January
3345:0261-3077
3061:UK claims
2246:Station (
2145:Esperanza
1982:albatross
1224:ice sheet
1212:Patagonia
1184:Geography
1068:The Hague
918:Grytviken
782:Antarctic
722:Patagonia
640:Cape Horn
618:In 1815,
587:Esperanza
481:60° South
461:territory
457:Argentina
369:Time zone
286:1901–1904
257:Argentina
101:talk page
40:talk page
4928:George V
4804:Category
4709:Religion
4611:Politics
4529:Wildlife
4498:Ross Sea
4360:Glaciers
4010:21 April
3971:21 April
3661:Archived
3590:Archived
3499:Archived
3431:cite web
3402:3 August
3350:3 August
3219:Archived
3119:See also
2923:(closed)
2883:(closed)
2760:(closed)
2180:Hope Bay
1251:glaciers
1194:Hope Bay
1129:in 2012.
1109:latitude
1016:in 1965.
885:, whose
717:Littoral
648:Trinidad
644:Hercules
597:, 19 at
593:, 20 at
589:, 33 at
585:, 66 at
583:Marambio
515:province
477:74° West
473:25° West
308:Governor
264:Province
94:disputed
52:May 2021
33:disputed
5153:Ushuaia
5148:Tolhuin
4893:Enderby
4814:Commons
4729:Tourism
4674:Economy
4647:Society
4569:History
4539:Mammals
4428:Islands
4384:Regions
4355:Geology
4333:Climate
4249:Portals
3423:infobae
2974:56°59′W
2971:63°22′S
2858:38°15′W
2855:77°47′S
2778:59°00′W
2775:62°15′S
2764:Refuge
2735:41°00′W
2732:77°45′S
2698:40°00′W
2695:81°05′S
2688:(1965)
2631:60°04′W
2628:64°58′S
2621:(1961)
2591:62°53′W
2588:64°53′S
2581:(1951)
2552:62°59′W
2549:64°20′S
2542:(1947)
2512:60°57′W
2509:64°09′S
2502:(1977)
2473:56°17′W
2470:63°28′S
2463:(1967)
2433:60°43′W
2430:62°52′S
2423:(1948)
2393:58°42′W
2390:62°02′S
2383:(1957)
2349:67°06′W
2346:68°08′S
2308:44°44′W
2305:60°44′S
2288:Website
2256:56°37′W
2253:64°14′S
2216:58°40′W
2213:62°14′S
2204:Carlini
2157:57°00′W
2154:63°24′S
2083:34°37′W
2080:77°52′S
1962:Symbols
1230:Climate
961:British
848:in 1996
632:Spanish
609:History
603:Orcadas
591:Carlini
523:Ushuaia
513:of the
498:in the
489:Chilean
485:British
439:Spanish
423:Website
244:Country
151:49°30′W
148:75°00′S
5370:(1978)
5360:(1958)
5352:(1986)
5344:(1965)
5336:(1952)
5328:(1982)
5291:(1973)
5283:(1994)
5275:(1966)
5267:(1902)
5259:(1904)
5251:(1984)
5012:(Jap.)
5004:(Ger.)
4976:(N.Z.)
4968:(Nor.)
4960:(Nor.)
4923:Wilkes
4868:Claims
4411:shield
4370:Tundra
3641:
3483:
3343:
3291:19 May
3252:
2187:Radio
1732:Annual
1382:Annual
1087:Sydney
712:Pampas
408:(1904)
340:
274:
254:
4933:Oates
4878:(Fr.)
4819:Index
4739:Women
4689:Flags
4664:Crime
4602:Years
4544:Krill
4534:Birds
4519:Flora
4118:3 May
3934:(PDF)
3927:(PDF)
3752:3 May
3528:(PDF)
3310:(PDF)
3282:(PDF)
3181:3 May
2683:Base
1053:Snipe
987:Chile
963:ship
856:, in
672:(see
624:Irish
622:, an
569:UTC-3
373:UTC-3
4898:Kemp
4724:Time
4512:Life
4158:2024
4120:2015
4012:2018
3973:2018
3942:2016
3902:2016
3863:2016
3837:2024
3797:2012
3754:2015
3728:2024
3639:ISBN
3618:2024
3574:2023
3481:ISBN
3437:link
3404:2023
3378:2024
3352:2023
3341:ISSN
3318:2021
3293:2021
3250:ISBN
3183:2015
3069:80°W
3065:20°W
3057:90°W
3053:53°W
2043:and
2035:The
2028:and
1696:Sept
1346:Sept
1204:and
965:HMS
908:and
844:The
707:Cuyo
646:and
487:and
475:and
384:9411
319:Area
222:Seal
87:The
5108:of
3067:to
3055:to
2671:on
2329:),
2277:),
2178:),
2057:.
1723:Dec
1714:Nov
1705:Oct
1687:Aug
1678:Jul
1669:Jun
1660:May
1651:Apr
1642:Mar
1633:Feb
1624:Jan
1373:Dec
1364:Nov
1355:Oct
1337:Aug
1328:Jul
1319:Jun
1310:May
1301:Apr
1292:Mar
1283:Feb
1274:Jan
1125:on
1115:).
1066:in
952:).
920:in
544:of
517:of
445:or
355:469
5387::
4174:.
4148:.
4092:.
4073:.
4055:.
3998:.
3981:^
3950:^
3910:^
3871:^
3827:.
3718:.
3700:.
3680:.
3608:.
3562:.
3433:}}
3429:{{
3421:.
3394:.
3368:.
3339:.
3335:.
3284:.
3162:^
3078:.
3071:.
3063:,
3051:,
3035:,
2995:,
2919:,
2879:,
2839:,
2799:,
2756:,
2652:,
2612:,
2533:,
2454:,
2414:,
1226:.
1036:.
1001:.
928:.
870:.
801:.
661:.
560:.
533:.
506:.
441::
5187:e
5180:t
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5091:t
5084:v
4853:e
4846:t
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4290:v
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4160:.
4122:.
4059:.
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3975:.
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3865:.
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3799:.
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3406:.
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2298:(
2290:)
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