869:, and the houses they built echoed their roots. The surroundings forced enough differences that a unique style developed, and the house of the New France farmer remains a symbol of French-Canadian nationalism. These were rectangular structures of one storey, but with an extremely tall and steep roof, sometimes almost twice as tall as the house below. This roof design perhaps developed to prevent the accumulation of snow. The houses were usually built of wood, though the surviving ones are almost all built of stone. Landmarks in the rural areas were the churches and the mansion of the
76:
1370:
1573:
1051:. Unlike during the previous centuries there was now easy communication between Canada and the architectural centres of the United States and Britain. It was common for Canadian architects to travel, study, and work in these other areas, and it was also increasingly common to hire foreign architects. This meant that ideas and styles developed elsewhere were quickly adopted in Canada. These were diverse styles, but one common element were attempts to revive ideas of the past. The first such style to come to prominence was the
273:
3267:
3089:
547:
1257:
1547:
1404:. The T-D Centre was one of the most prominent of the early glass and steel panelled office towers, which would be imitated around the world. The International Style period coincided with a major building boom in Canada, and few restrictions on massive building projects. International Style skyscrapers came to dominate many of Canada's major cities, especially Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa, and Toronto. In Montreal fewer such buildings were erected, but those that were such as
1036:
1213:
877:
850:
3253:
3101:
1485:
617:
138:
35:
1499:
and exterior of the building. It was a style used focally for institutional buildings for government, academic, and cultural uses, but also for high-rise residential and commercial buildings. At the same time, urban activists, architects and governments increasingly moved to influence development in favour of heritage preservation, historic view, corridor preservation, and contextual sensitivity in scale and materials.
1625:
941:
807:
1530:
and formalized shapes and spaces of the
Modernist movement were replaced by unapologetically diverse aesthetics: styles collide, form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound. Architects produced what they perceived to be more meaningful buildings with pluralism, double coding, flying buttresses and high ceilings, irony and paradox, and contextualism. Skyscrapers like
705:. These were wood-framed structures, covered with an outer layer of bark, reeds, or woven mats; usually in a cone shape although sometimes a dome. These groups changed locations every few weeks or months. They would take the outer layer of the wigwam with them, and leave the heavy wood frame in place. The frame could be reused if the tribe returned to the location at a later date.
678:
1326:, pioneered the British Columbia version of the "West Coast style", variations of which are also common in Washington, Oregon and California. Erickson-designed houses are prized for their intimacy and taste, as well as their advantageous use of natural settings. A lesser, though much more common, form of Modernist architecture developed during the 1960s was the
985:. The railway needed to build stations every 13 km of its 4200 km route in order to rewater the steam engines. Many of these stations became a nucleus of towns. These stations were built to standardized designs, with a number of different sizes for stations of differing importance. Other important monuments throughout the prairies were the
937:, after the revolution this style fell out of favour due to its association with the colonial regime, but the Loyalists embraced the style as an overt symbol of their loyalty. The style had also, however, fallen out of style in Britain, and Canada was alone in embracing Georgian architecture for much of the early nineteenth century.
1558:, completed in 1987, is an important example of public architecture in the style. It makes reference to local farm architecture around the suburban area of Mississauga as well as a clocktower—a feature associated with traditional city centres. It exhibits references to past architectural ideas, yet is decidedly untraditional. The
953:
mostly used by the middle and upper classes, and also for institutional buildings such as churches and government structures. In rural areas, and among the urban poor, simpler styles dominated. In the
Maritimes the New England style cottages continued to be popular. For the first settlers in Ontario the
1529:
was the mainstream style in Canada by the 1980s. Postmodernity in architecture is generally thought to be heralded by the return of "wit, ornament and reference" to architecture in response to the formalism of the
International Style of Modernism and perceived problems with the style. The functional
1498:
had been seen in Canada prior to the decade, but became more dominant in the 1970s with the backlash against the
International Style. The style emphasized the reflection of the functional components of the interior in the exterior, along with geometric and sculptural uses of concrete on the interior
1423:
opened in 1966 proved to be more architecturally significant in Canada because its individual stations each contained unique
Modernist architecture with expressive uses of colour, form, and materials by different architects and incorporated works of art to enhance the experience of using the system.
1247:
of the
Parliament Buildings burnt down in 1916 it was rebuilt in a similar Gothic style to that that had been used fifty years earlier. At the same time, Modernism inspired the Gothic style employed, and the Neo-Gothic buildings of the era often saw more sparse ornamentation and incorporated steel
1003:
For some immigrants to the prairies, most notably the
Ukrainians, there was not enough capital to buy a predesigned home, but since the immigrants were highly experienced with farming on the very similar Ukrainian steppe, houses identical to the peasant cottages of Eastern Europe were built across
1542:
in
Calgary define the style in terms of high-rise corporate architecture. These towers feature combinations of International Style design features with ornamental and potentially symbolic references to past architectural styles such as Art Deco, with pronounced base, middle, and top sections, and
1055:
style, which first came to Canada in the 1830s. This became the dominant architectural style for churches, especially
Anglican and Roman Catholic ones, which both embraced Gothic Revival as evidence of their conservatism. It also was used for scholastic structures, such as universities and some
952:
In Lower Canada the
Georgian style was employed by the English minority, but this minority dominated the commercial and political class. French-Canadian architecture kept many of its traditional forms, but also adopted some English styles. Throughout British North America the Georgian style was
749:
are scattered across the Interior landscape. These were structures shaped like an upturned bowl, placed on top of a 3-or-4-foot-deep (0.91 or 1.22 m) pit. The bowl, made of wood, would be covered with an insulating layer of earth. The house would be entered by climbing down a ladder at the
1580:
Postmodernism visibly declined by the 2000s, when architecture in Canada became more varied. Lowrise residential subdivision architecture became more strongly focused on imitating traditional styles from the likes of the Georgian and Victorian eras, though low-rise infill projects in cities
1268:. In the latter half of the twentieth century, Toronto's influence on other Canadian cities, largely because of the control of capital (especially banks) meant that Western Canadian cities, particularly Vancouver, became filled with lesser versions of their counterparts in Toronto (e.g.
846:, while the Lower Town consisted of densely packed structures on narrow streets. In Acadia, buildings were generally more functional, with wood framed walls filled with wattle and daub. This type of construction was common throughout both Acadia and New England in the 17th century.
1502:
The new Canadian architecture once again turned to the past. A prominent heritage preservation movement developed, and most cities today have heritage districts of restored structures. Old factories and warehouses, rather than be demolished, have been refurbished, such as the
888:
The first English settlements in what would become Canada were in Newfoundland, growing out of the temporary fishing settlements that had been established in the sixteenth century. The first English settlement in the Maritimes was in Halifax, and then along the
897:. Trade links between the two areas were close, and many of the settlers in the Maritimes were from there. Some of the first houses erected in Halifax were actually prefabricated structures assembled in Boston or New York and shipped to the new settlement.
996:. For those who were unsure of how to build a home, an industry of predesigned and prefabricated homes sold by catalogue developed. A settler could simply order plans for a few dollars, or also order the precut lumber, and premade doors and windows. The
716:. These were large structures, several times longer than they were wide holding a large number of people. They were built with a frame of saplings or branches, covered with a layer of bark or woven mats. An example of a long house settlement is within
598:, closely linked to the techniques and styles developed in Canada, Europe and the United States. However, design has long needed to be adapted to Canada's climate and geography, and at times has also reflected the uniqueness of Canadian culture.
873:. The seigneurs built much larger homes for themselves, but rarely were the manors ornate. Each parish had its church, often smaller copies of major churches in Quebec City or Montreal. A unique style of French-Canadian church thus developed.
1192:
in France. The railways were seen as symbols of Canada, and the mix of French and English ideas was also considered distinctly Canadian. During the Interwar years the Château style was used in several prominent public structures, such as the
957:
was the standard first house. Logs were a byproduct of the need the clear the land, and log cabins were cheap and easy to build. After a few years of farming it was typical to build a more elegant farmhouse. The most common design was the
1020:
also built unique structures. In the long run, however, the second and third generation immigrants tended to embrace the more British styles: the churches remained distinctly Eastern, but the houses largely conformed to the rest.
1463:
While the glass towers of the International Style skyscraper were at first unique and interesting, the idea was soon repeated to the point of ubiquity. Architects attempted to put new twists into such towers, such as the
1743:
1523:, proposed to be completed by 2027, echoes the past of Queen Street West and Shaw Street, revitalizing the site that was originally known as the Provincial Lunatic Asylum from the mid-19th century until 1976.
1147:
became the dominant style for banks and government buildings, with the latter style being frequently used from the turn of the twentieth century to the 1930s for monumental public buildings such as Toronto's
1507:, a former warehouse at a prominent central location on the Toronto waterfront that was rebuilt into a mix of stores, residential condominiums, and a theatre. New buildings have also begun to echo the past.
1387:
came to dominate the Canadian scene in the 1950s through 1970s. Many of the most prominent Canadian projects of this period were designed by foreigners, who won open contests. Prominent Modernists such as
1432:
rapid transit system relied on modern minimalist designs from its beginning in 1985, with some design variation and artwork in terms of the stations in the system which have been added since its opening.
3228:
3187:
1264:
At the same time developments, especially those in United States, were not ignored. Toronto closely followed Chicago and New York as the home of skyscrapers employing new steel framed construction and
1060:
was a housing form that emerged in 19th century Toronto, that incorporated Gothic Revival elements throughout its front façade. Some of the most prominent Gothic Revival structures are the original
1068:
who in 1881 was appointed Chief Dominion Architect. The Chief Dominion Architect(s) designed a number of prominent public buildings in Canada including post offices, armouries and drill halls:
3202:
3811:
734:
was developed. The tipi consisted of a thin wooden frame and an outer covering of animal hides. The structures could be quickly erected, and were light enough to transport long distances.
3172:
3745:
3182:
1419:
was completed 1954 as the first subway line in Canada, with sleek but austere and repetitive station architecture, influenced by the International Style. Yet the opening of the
784:, a domed structure made of snow, which has highly insulative properties. In the summer months, when the igloos melted, tents made of seal skin, or other hides, were used. The
3212:
2763:
3192:
992:
While there is little wood native to the prairies, the railway enabled it to be imported at relatively low cost. It was still common to build a first temporary home out of
842:
were mostly concerned with defence. Quebec City was divided into the Upper Town, which housed the fortress, Intendant's house, and churches made of stone in imitation of
780:
In the far north, where wood was scarce and solid shelter essential for survival, several innovative architectural styles were developed. One of the most famous is the
3036:
2773:
3595:
3233:
3197:
2914:
1396:
designed major works in Canada. At the same time top Canadian architects did much of their work abroad. One of the first and most prominent Modernist structures was
3350:
1176:
led to attempts to proclaim a unique Canadian architecture, distinct from that of Britain and the United States. One style promoted as distinctly Canadian was the
3305:
3238:
2101:
712:
society lived in permanent and semi-permanent agricultural settlements holding several hundred to several thousand people. The standard form of housing was the
3806:
1516:
1209:, though it had been under construction until 1929 (its predecessor was Italian Renaissance, a common style in late Victorian and Edwardian British Columbia).
3628:
3567:
3383:
1562:
similarly evokes Postmodern aesthetic ideals, though references a different architectural past, demonstrating the eclectic nature of the style in Canada.
3725:
2991:
1468:. By the 1970s an international backlash was underway against Modernism, and Canada was one of its centres. Prominent critics of Modern planning such as
1280:
577:
1688:
1310:
and fostered by the unique building materials and physical setting resulted in various daring new styles of housing, particularly on Vancouver's ritzy
1902:, University of Toronto Press, published ... in association with the ministry of State for Urban Affairs and Publication Centre Supply and Services,
3796:
3672:
1581:
demonstrated an increased popularity of the Modern aesthetic. High-rise architecture generally turned to new variations on the International Style.
3768:
3730:
2768:
770:
3590:
910:
3705:
1428:
and several Canadian firms and artists. Montreal continued upon its legacy of unique station architecture in expanding its system. Vancouver's
3750:
3715:
3605:
1235:
in Ottawa and the CPR's "railway Gothic", Gothic architecture had become closely associated with Canada and while the United States embraced
3788:
3735:
3710:
2061:
3298:
2041:
811:
1586:
3560:
3448:
2151:
2121:
2056:
1515:
is a notable early example completed in 1963. It adds strong Gothic influences to a Modern concrete, brick, and glass aesthetic. The
1132:
202:
1969:
3778:
3720:
3687:
1180:, also known as Railway Gothic. This style first appeared in the late nineteenth century with grandiose railway hotels such as the
174:
1847:
1000:
of 1910 offered homes from a shack for $ 165 to a nine-room house for $ 1,025. These structures were erected across the prairies.
905:
was also felt as the architecture of the region also borrowed some techniques and styles from Germany and Switzerland, notably at
1997:
1683:
1330:, a two-story stuccoed box which took up most of a city lot, and typically featured two suites, one upstairs and one downstairs.
638:
570:
155:
48:
1870:
1444:, were more successful than their counterparts in the United States. The postwar period saw the rise of massive and low density
3837:
3677:
3633:
3618:
3468:
3291:
3139:
17:
181:
3773:
3682:
3656:
3418:
1653:
1128:
3801:
3740:
3697:
3651:
3643:
3623:
3613:
3553:
3413:
2076:
1668:
1648:
1569:, completed in 1991, and designed by Raymond Moriyama, is an example of government architecture located outside of Canada.
689:
lived in a wide array of structures. The semi-nomadic peoples of the Maritimes, Quebec, and Northern Ontario, such as the
3760:
3585:
3152:
2550:
2180:
1663:
1643:
1040:
1914:
969:
The pattern of building in the west was very different. The first settlements in much of the West were the forts of the
188:
2720:
2131:
1384:
1333:
The movements and styles popular in the United States and Britain were not totally ignored in Canada. Several landmark
1135:
architecture became the dominant one for upper and middle-class houses across Canada. Early in the twentieth style the
563:
296:
1287:, well suited to the Canadian terrain, became a popular one for homes and other structures, especially the designs of
929:. This doubled the population of the Maritimes and brought the first significant European population to what was soon
3398:
3370:
2489:
2146:
2071:
2066:
2051:
1924:
1907:
1827:
664:
239:
221:
119:
97:
62:
1952:
753:
Some of the most impressive First Nations architecture was that of the settled people of the west coast such as the
646:
90:
3503:
3473:
3378:
3072:
3026:
2690:
2126:
2096:
1723:
1177:
870:
726:
the standard form of life was a nomadic one, with the people often moving to a new location each day to follow the
531:
447:
170:
1353:
revival that was underway in the United States also made some incursions to Canada, as did diverse styles such as
3832:
3458:
2939:
2161:
1678:
1452:
being Canada's first community constructed on rigidly Modernist lines. One important development was the rise of
1311:
788:
adopted a design similar to the pit houses of the BC interior, but because of the lack of wood they instead used
717:
350:
308:
3408:
2513:
1673:
642:
159:
1008:. These cottages had characteristic flared thatched roofs and white plaster walls. Even more notable were the
3488:
3453:
2587:
2390:
2141:
1713:
1300:
1093:
1279:
Modernism appeared in a number of guises. In the 1920s and 1930s the banks and insurance companies embraced
3463:
3428:
2663:
2638:
2570:
2031:
1795:"de Gannes-Cosby House — National historic site designation - de Gannes-Cosby House National Historic Site"
1104:
773:, named for the number of beams that supported the roof. The front of each house would be decorated with a
3483:
3478:
3433:
3338:
3062:
2643:
2518:
2376:
1990:
1708:
1658:
1198:
1120:
521:
412:
54:
1794:
3529:
3132:
3006:
2960:
2798:
2653:
2577:
2478:
2462:
2166:
2136:
2106:
2087:
1535:
1273:
713:
512:
338:
333:
256:
1030:
3498:
3443:
3438:
3360:
2904:
2856:
2822:
2560:
2395:
2292:
2217:
1957:
1945:
1718:
1303:
and emulations of Californian Spanish and other distinctly western North America styles were common.
1140:
1073:
1065:
890:
738:
355:
323:
3117:
1531:
195:
3333:
3177:
3057:
2685:
2484:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2385:
1698:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1504:
1473:
1397:
1389:
1373:
982:
945:
627:
517:
84:
978:
3519:
3493:
3423:
3403:
3388:
3355:
3167:
2648:
2614:
2501:
2116:
2024:
1940:
1693:
1526:
1436:
The Modernist styles had mixed results when applied to residential structures, such as the large
1401:
1377:
1323:
1288:
1194:
1149:
1144:
1108:
970:
922:
686:
631:
595:
148:
1638:
1494:
The 1970s represented a turning point away from the International Style and Modernist planning.
3534:
3393:
3345:
3328:
3207:
3052:
2996:
2984:
2974:
2849:
2700:
2670:
2658:
2619:
2555:
2496:
2452:
1983:
1703:
1610:
1495:
1358:
1081:
1047:
Victorian styles of architecture dominated in Canada from the mid-nineteenth century up to the
906:
343:
101:
1424:
This influenced Toronto to take a similar course with its Spadina line by 1978, commissioning
3125:
2727:
2609:
2565:
2523:
2508:
2258:
1416:
1089:
934:
854:
815:
474:
462:
318:
1966:, – biographies of Canadian architects and lists of their buildings from 1800 to 1950.
3524:
2832:
2815:
2805:
2747:
2742:
2469:
2439:
2232:
1598:
1590:
1488:
1429:
1269:
1173:
1061:
843:
801:
452:
442:
1769:
1585:
received commissions to design a small number of prominent urban landmarks. For instance,
1295:
style popular in British India became a fixture in local house design, and styles such as
1181:
8:
2919:
2837:
2793:
2732:
2545:
2425:
2282:
1630:
1338:
1217:
1205:, the last of the great Gothic railway hotels, was also completed after the start of the
1185:
1116:
1069:
959:
926:
902:
835:
831:
427:
328:
989:, and the banks which competed with each other by building ever more ornate structures.
822:
The first Europeans to inhabit what would become Canada were the French settlers of the
769:
planks. These were large square, solidly built houses. The most advanced design was the
3545:
2934:
2810:
2737:
2675:
2582:
2536:
2457:
2420:
2344:
1843:
1457:
1307:
1124:
1100:
974:
810:
Maison de Julien Gendreau (1728), an archetypal example of a rural New France home, in
762:
484:
479:
457:
3031:
3001:
2949:
2909:
2899:
2871:
2844:
2680:
2626:
2601:
2320:
2310:
2014:
1920:
1903:
1900:
Without Our Past?: a Handbook for the Preservation of Canada's Architectural Heritage
1874:
1823:
1465:
1405:
1369:
1327:
1314:, featuring open beams, glass walls, and innovative floor plans. Vancouver architect
723:
690:
494:
373:
313:
303:
284:
272:
264:
1572:
777:, the pole and sometimes the house would be brightly painted with artistic designs.
3067:
2944:
2894:
2889:
2473:
2202:
2156:
1602:
1594:
1456:
that became the commercial, and often social, centres of these suburban areas. The
1354:
1206:
1157:
1085:
898:
698:
526:
489:
437:
407:
1844:"A. Public Work Architects | Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada"
893:. The style that developed in the Maritimes was very close to the architecture of
3257:
3105:
2924:
2861:
2827:
2631:
2356:
2334:
2329:
1520:
1437:
1425:
1342:
1315:
1296:
1232:
1202:
1169:
1048:
986:
858:
469:
432:
417:
402:
390:
360:
3283:
2979:
2929:
2351:
2339:
2305:
2111:
1512:
1453:
1441:
1420:
1409:
1383:
After the Second World War, the desire for unique Canadian styles faded as the
1350:
1346:
1228:
1112:
1052:
921:
The English speaking population of Canada grew dramatically with the influx of
881:
3826:
3271:
3093:
2447:
2361:
2212:
1546:
1319:
1306:
In Vancouver during the 1950s and 1960s, Modernist architectures inspired by
1284:
1256:
1057:
766:
551:
422:
395:
1963:
933:. One of the most popular styles in the pre-revolutionary United States was
2884:
2315:
2242:
1539:
1244:
1239:
Canadian architects returned to the Middle Ages for inspiration, by way of
1231:
style during the interwar period. In part because of the prominence of the
1189:
1153:
930:
785:
754:
746:
385:
1212:
2410:
2222:
1606:
1582:
1508:
1469:
1240:
1136:
1077:
909:. Even today, these influences can be seen in modern architecture on the
901:
cottages were built throughout the region. However, the influence of the
894:
865:
The settlers of the rural areas along the St. Lawrence largely came from
839:
1460:
was the world's largest mall for a 23-year period from 1981 until 2004.
1035:
876:
849:
2046:
1318:, more known for grandiose exercises in institutional concrete such as
1017:
1013:
1012:
Ukrainian churches built across the prairies. Other groups such as the
1009:
997:
823:
774:
1243:'s writings on Neo-Gothic, the most Victorian of all styles. When the
3147:
2715:
1484:
1449:
954:
758:
742:
291:
1868:
1440:
constructed in this era. Massive Canadian housing projects, such as
1276:) which displaced the city's older and distinctly Edwardian flavor.
1227:
The desire for a unique Canadian style also led to a revival of the
616:
137:
2969:
2207:
1393:
1334:
1292:
1265:
1236:
1005:
866:
806:
709:
966:
over the short sides, and a smaller gable over the main entrance.
2263:
2227:
2197:
1445:
1221:
940:
1913:
Ricketts, Shannon; Maitland, Leslie; Hucker, Jacqueline (2004),
1770:"Sinclair Inn / Farmer's Hotel National Historic Site of Canada"
2237:
2006:
1201:
was a prominent supporter of the style. The third and current
1188:. It was a mix of Victorian Gothic Revival with castles of the
962:, which consisted of a rectangular wood building with the main
827:
702:
677:
1624:
2268:
963:
789:
781:
727:
708:
Further south, in what is today Southern Ontario and Quebec,
731:
694:
1576:
The Royal Ontario Museum, with its 2007 "Crystal" addition
1975:
993:
3575:
1793:
Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (2023-08-03).
1736:
1605:, and the thorough renovation and expansion project by
884:' house was built on Nova Scotia's south shore in 1766.
1912:
880:
One of the earliest extant houses in Maritime Canada,
1869:
Eastern Connecticut State University (January 2007).
1620:
1593:
in Calgary, while Toronto saw the completion of the
1139:
became quite popular, especially on the West Coast.
1792:
1750:(in French). Culture et communications Québec. 2013
861:, Nova Scotia, was constructed in the Acadian style
162:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1953:Grignon, Marc. "Architectural History: 1759-1867".
1689:List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
1156:and structures like the massive Princes' Gates at
3313:
3824:
741:the standard for of home was the semi-permanent
730:herds. Housing thus had to be portable, and the
1964:Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada
1817:
1115:were erected in this period. Several landmark
981:. The next important presence was that of the
3561:
3299:
3133:
1991:
1412:, were large enough to dominate the skyline.
571:
1822:. McClelland & Stewart. pp. 11–12.
1099:Other revived styles also became prominent.
795:
645:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
594:is, with the exception of that of Canadian
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3568:
3554:
3306:
3292:
3140:
3126:
2062:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
1998:
1984:
1818:McHugh, Patricia; Bozikovic, Alex (2017).
1080:(1897–1914); Edgar L Worwood (1914–1918);
578:
564:
1970:Canada by Design: Parliament Hill, Ottawa
1479:
1024:
745:, thousands of relics of which, known as
665:Learn how and when to remove this message
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1916:A guide to Canadian architectural styles
1571:
1545:
1483:
1368:
1255:
1211:
1034:
939:
875:
848:
805:
676:
83:This article includes a list of general
2534:
1684:List of heritage buildings in Vancouver
1448:surrounding most Canadian cities, with
1260:Marine Building lobby (Vancouver), 2018
916:
14:
3825:
2958:
1364:
685:Prior to the arrival of Europeans the
3549:
3287:
3121:
2764:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
1979:
1859:List of Dominion Architects of Canada
1654:Gothic Revival architecture in Canada
1639:List of prominent Canadian architects
1337:structures were erected, such as the
1129:Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
3576:Lists of tallest buildings in Canada
1669:List of tallest structures in Canada
1649:Examination for Architects in Canada
1031:Victorian_architecture § Canada
765:skills to construct large houses of
643:adding citations to reliable sources
610:
160:adding citations to reliable sources
131:
69:
28:
3037:Topics by provinces and territories
1862:
1664:List of tallest buildings in Canada
1644:Society of Architectural Historians
1251:
24:
1892:
1820:Toronto Architecture: A City Guide
1748:www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca
1597:Michael Lee-Chin "Crystal" at the
1163:
271:
89:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3849:
1933:
44:This article has multiple issues.
3265:
3252:
3251:
3100:
3099:
3087:
1871:"World's Largest Shopping Malls"
1724:Canadian Centre for Architecture
1623:
1543:prominent atrium common spaces.
615:
606:
545:
136:
74:
33:
2122:Former colonies and territories
1850:from the original on 2015-06-24
1679:Pedimental sculptures in Canada
1119:structures erected include the
718:Crawford Lake Conservation Area
147:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
2057:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
1972:at Library and Archives Canada
1836:
1811:
1786:
1762:
1674:List of old Canadian buildings
1248:frames in their construction.
1064:in Ottawa, by noted architect
1043:in Toronto, built in 1845–1848
13:
1:
3838:British colonial architecture
3596:Timeline of tallest buildings
3314:Architecture of North America
1729:
1094:Joseph Charles Gustave Brault
834:. The initial settlements at
757:. These people used advanced
1291:. In British Columbia, the
1105:British Columbia Legislature
739:Interior of British Columbia
7:
3586:Tallest buildings in Canada
2102:Crown and Indigenous people
1709:Architecture of Quebec City
1659:List of armouries in Canada
1616:
1199:William Lyon Mackenzie King
1121:National Assembly of Quebec
913:in Kingsburg, Nova Scotia.
10:
3854:
2992:Provincial and territorial
2915:Inventions and discoveries
2052:British Canada (1763–1867)
2005:
1714:Architecture of St. John's
1274:Bentall Centre (Vancouver)
1028:
799:
681:A group of Haida bighouses
601:
3787:
3759:
3696:
3665:
3642:
3604:
3591:Tallest buildings by city
3581:
3512:
3369:
3319:
3247:
3221:
3188:Newfoundland and Labrador
3160:
3081:
3045:
3019:
2870:
2786:
2756:
2708:
2699:
2600:
2438:
2374:
2290:
2281:
2251:
2218:Newfoundland and Labrador
2190:
2179:
2085:
2022:
2013:
1958:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1946:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1719:Architecture of Vancouver
1197:building. Prime Minister
948:in Toronto, built in 1822
1699:Architecture of Montreal
1567:Embassy of Canada, Tokyo
1560:Vancouver Public Library
1556:Mississauga Civic Centre
1398:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1390:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1374:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1168:In the period after the
983:Canadian Pacific Railway
796:Arrival of the Europeans
171:"Architecture of Canada"
2152:Persons of significance
2147:National Historic Sites
1694:Architecture of Toronto
1527:Postmodern architecture
1415:The first phase of the
1402:Toronto-Dominion Centre
1378:Toronto-Dominion Centre
1324:Simon Fraser University
1145:Beaux-Arts architecture
1041:St. Michael's Cathedral
923:United Empire Loyalists
104:more precise citations.
3833:Architecture in Canada
3149:Architecture of Canada
2047:New France (1534–1763)
1941:Architecture in Canada
1704:Architecture of Ottawa
1611:Art Gallery of Ontario
1577:
1551:
1532:1000 de La Gauchetière
1496:Brutalist architecture
1491:
1480:Late and postmodernism
1476:were based in Canada.
1380:
1345:also in that city and
1261:
1224:
1103:buildings such as the
1082:Richard Cotsman Wright
1044:
1025:Victorian architecture
977:and the cabins of the
949:
885:
862:
819:
682:
592:architecture of Canada
276:
18:Architecture in Canada
3229:Northwest Territories
3153:province or territory
2259:Northwest Territories
2162:Territorial evolution
1898:Falkner, Ann (1977),
1575:
1550:Mississauga City Hall
1549:
1505:Queen's Quay Terminal
1487:
1372:
1259:
1216:The "Chateaux-style"
1215:
1109:Old Toronto City Hall
1090:Charles D. Sutherland
1038:
943:
879:
855:de Gannes-Cosby house
852:
809:
792:bones for the frame.
680:
275:
3666:Prairies/Territories
3203:Prince Edward Island
2233:Prince Edward Island
1599:Royal Ontario Museum
1517:CAMH Research Centre
1347:Commerce Court North
1270:TD Tower (Vancouver)
1233:Parliament Buildings
1174:Canadian nationalism
1062:Parliament Buildings
971:Hudson's Bay Company
917:Growth and expansion
844:Baroque architecture
802:Acadian architecture
750:centre of the roof.
639:improve this section
156:improve this article
2588:Firearms regulation
1919:, Broadview Press,
1631:Architecture portal
1385:International Style
1365:International style
1339:Vancouver City Hall
1218:Banff Springs Hotel
1186:Banff Springs Hotel
1117:Second Empire Style
1070:Thomas Seaton Scott
1039:The Gothic Revival
960:Ontario Style House
944:The Georgian style
927:American Revolution
903:Foreign Protestants
701:generally lived in
2769:Population centres
1578:
1552:
1492:
1458:West Edmonton Mall
1381:
1308:Frank Lloyd Wright
1262:
1225:
1125:Montreal City Hall
1101:Romanesque Revival
1045:
975:North West Company
950:
886:
863:
820:
683:
277:
3820:
3819:
3543:
3542:
3281:
3280:
3272:Canada portal
3115:
3114:
3094:Canada portal
3015:
3014:
2782:
2781:
2596:
2595:
2551:Political parties
2519:Foreign relations
2434:
2433:
2321:Canadian Prairies
2311:Pacific Northwest
2277:
2276:
2175:
2174:
2132:Foreign relations
1466:Toronto City Hall
1406:Place Ville-Marie
1328:Vancouver Special
1281:Modern Classicism
1182:Château Frontenac
1092:(1936–1947); and
998:Eaton's catalogue
675:
674:
667:
588:
587:
552:Canada portal
265:Culture of Canada
250:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
206:
130:
129:
122:
67:
16:(Redirected from
3845:
3606:British Columbia
3570:
3563:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3504:Washington, D.C.
3308:
3301:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3255:
3254:
3173:British Columbia
3142:
3135:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3090:
2956:
2955:
2799:Higher education
2706:
2705:
2691:Science and tech
2578:Multiculturalism
2532:
2531:
2514:Local government
2479:House of Commons
2463:Governor General
2299:
2288:
2287:
2203:British Columbia
2188:
2187:
2042:Pre-colonization
2020:
2019:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1929:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1873:. Archived from
1866:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1744:"Gendreau House"
1740:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1603:Daniel Libeskind
1595:Deconstructivist
1538:in Toronto, and
1536:Brookfield Place
1438:housing projects
1359:Spanish Colonial
1355:Egyptian Revival
1349:in Toronto. The
1289:Francis Sullivan
1252:Modernist period
1207:Second World War
1158:Exhibition Place
1133:Queen Anne Style
1086:Thomas W. Fuller
670:
663:
659:
656:
650:
619:
611:
580:
573:
566:
550:
549:
548:
334:Multiculturalism
252:
251:
245:
238:
227:
220:
216:
213:
207:
205:
164:
140:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
100:this article by
91:inline citations
78:
77:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3783:
3755:
3746:Waterloo Region
3692:
3661:
3638:
3600:
3577:
3574:
3544:
3539:
3508:
3365:
3315:
3312:
3282:
3277:
3266:
3264:
3243:
3217:
3156:
3146:
3116:
3111:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3041:
3011:
2954:
2866:
2857:Social programs
2823:Law enforcement
2778:
2752:
2695:
2592:
2530:
2430:
2370:
2357:Atlantic Canada
2335:Canadian Shield
2330:Northern Canada
2297:
2296:
2273:
2247:
2183:and territories
2182:
2171:
2081:
2028:
2009:
2004:
1936:
1927:
1895:
1893:Further reading
1890:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1799:parks.canada.ca
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1521:KPMB Architects
1482:
1426:Arthur Erickson
1367:
1343:Marine Building
1316:Arthur Erickson
1297:Arts and Crafts
1254:
1203:Hotel Vancouver
1170:First World War
1166:
1164:Canadian styles
1131:. In the 1890s
1049:First World War
1033:
1027:
987:grain elevators
919:
859:Annapolis Royal
826:settlements of
804:
798:
671:
660:
654:
651:
636:
620:
609:
604:
584:
546:
544:
537:
536:
520:
508:
500:
499:
376:
366:
365:
309:Free expression
287:
246:
235:
234:
233:
228:
217:
211:
208:
165:
163:
153:
141:
126:
115:
109:
106:
96:Please help to
95:
79:
75:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3851:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3261:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Historiography
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2774:Municipalities
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2686:Transportation
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Stock exchange
2668:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:Communications
2636:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2485:Prime Minister
2482:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:National Parks
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2352:Eastern Canada
2349:
2348:
2347:
2340:Central Canada
2337:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2306:Western Canada
2302:
2300:
2298:(west to east)
2285:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Constitutional
2093:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1949:
1935:
1934:External links
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1910:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1861:
1835:
1828:
1810:
1785:
1761:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1618:
1615:
1513:Massey College
1481:
1478:
1454:shopping malls
1442:St. James Town
1421:Montreal Metro
1417:Toronto subway
1410:Place Victoria
1366:
1363:
1253:
1250:
1165:
1162:
1113:Langevin Block
1053:Gothic Revival
1026:
1023:
946:Campbell House
918:
915:
899:Cape Cod style
882:Simeon Perkins
797:
794:
775:heraldric pole
771:six beam house
673:
672:
623:
621:
614:
608:
605:
603:
600:
586:
585:
583:
582:
575:
568:
560:
557:
556:
555:
554:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
518:Historiography
515:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
399:
398:
388:
383:
377:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
347:
346:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
300:
299:
288:
283:
282:
279:
278:
268:
267:
261:
260:
248:
247:
230:
229:
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3850:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:Niagara Falls
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:San Francisco
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:New York City
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Fredricksburg
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3371:United States
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:New Brunswick
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Protectionism
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:Dairy farming
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:Supreme Court
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2363:
2362:The Maritimes
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:New Brunswick
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:First Nations
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1926:1-55111-546-8
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1908:0-8020-6298-9
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1877:on 2012-03-05
1876:
1872:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1831:
1829:9780771059896
1825:
1821:
1814:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:Norman Foster
1584:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:in Montreal,
1533:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Robson Square
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:Prairie Style
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:Supreme Court
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Château Style
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:Union Station
1146:
1142:
1141:Neoclassicism
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:(1947–1952)
1095:
1091:
1088:(1927–1936),
1087:
1084:(1918–1927);
1083:
1079:
1076:(1880–1897);
1075:
1074:Thomas Fuller
1072:(1871–1881);
1071:
1067:
1066:Thomas Fuller
1063:
1059:
1058:bay-and-gable
1054:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
956:
947:
942:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
914:
912:
911:Shobac Campus
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
883:
878:
874:
872:
868:
860:
856:
851:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
817:
816:Île d'Orléans
813:
812:Saint-Laurent
808:
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
747:quiggly holes
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
720:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:First Nations
679:
669:
666:
658:
648:
644:
640:
634:
633:
629:
624:This section
622:
618:
613:
612:
607:First Nations
599:
597:
596:First Nations
593:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
559:
558:
553:
543:
542:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
504:
503:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
397:
394:
393:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
375:
370:
369:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
351:Protectionism
349:
345:
342:
341:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
281:
280:
274:
270:
269:
266:
263:
262:
258:
254:
253:
244:
241:
226:
223:
215:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173: –
172:
168:
167:Find sources:
161:
157:
151:
150:
145:This article
143:
139:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
103:
99:
93:
92:
86:
81:
72:
71:
66:
64:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3464:Philadelphia
3444:Miami Modern
3429:Jacksonville
3320:
3263:
3256:
3213:Saskatchewan
3148:
3104:
3085:
3053:Bibliography
2975:Coat of arms
2959:
2880:Architecture
2879:
2850:Homelessness
2701:Demographics
2620:Floriculture
2556:Human rights
2535:
2524:Peacekeeping
2453:Constitution
2375:
2316:Great Plains
2291:
2243:Saskatchewan
2086:
2030:
2023:
1956:
1944:
1915:
1899:
1879:. Retrieved
1875:the original
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1838:
1819:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1774:www.pc.gc.ca
1773:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1583:Starchitects
1579:
1564:
1553:
1540:Bankers Hall
1525:
1501:
1493:
1474:George Baird
1462:
1435:
1414:
1382:
1332:
1305:
1278:
1263:
1245:Centre Block
1226:
1190:Loire Valley
1167:
1160:in Toronto.
1154:John M. Lyle
1098:
1056:houses. The
1046:
1002:
991:
968:
951:
931:Upper Canada
920:
887:
864:
821:
779:
752:
736:
721:
707:
684:
661:
652:
637:Please help
625:
591:
589:
513:Bibliography
475:Peacekeeping
381:Architecture
380:
236:
218:
209:
199:
192:
185:
178:
166:
154:Please help
149:verification
146:
116:
107:
88:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
3779:Quebec City
3721:Mississauga
3688:Yellowknife
3484:San Antonio
3479:Puerto Rico
3449:New Orleans
3434:Kansas City
3339:Quebec City
3222:Territories
3193:Nova Scotia
2935:Individuals
2743:2021 Census
2728:Immigration
2610:Agriculture
2571:Transgender
2411:Great Lakes
2391:Earthquakes
2345:Great Lakes
2252:Territories
2223:Nova Scotia
2142:Monarchical
2127:Immigration
1607:Frank Gehry
1509:Ronald Thom
1470:Jane Jacobs
1312:North Shore
1241:John Ruskin
1137:Tudor Style
1078:David Ewart
1010:onion domed
895:New England
891:South Shore
840:Quebec City
463:Video games
319:Immigration
102:introducing
3827:Categories
3812:St. John's
3807:Saint John
3530:Costa Rica
3351:St. John's
3063:Historians
2920:Literature
2833:Corruption
2816:Euthanasia
2806:Healthcare
2748:Population
2470:Parliament
2440:Government
2077:since 1982
1881:2008-07-29
1854:2015-05-31
1804:2023-12-10
1779:2023-12-10
1730:References
1301:Queen Anne
1229:Neo-Gothic
1127:, and the
1029:See also:
1018:Doukhobors
1014:Hutterites
925:after the
857:(1708) in
836:Port Royal
824:New France
800:See also:
714:long house
522:Historians
453:Newspapers
443:Television
428:Literature
182:newspapers
85:references
49:improve it
3678:Saskatoon
3634:Vancouver
3619:Coquitlam
3499:St. Louis
3439:Las Vegas
3384:Allentown
3361:Vancouver
3161:Provinces
2838:Terrorism
2794:Education
2733:Languages
2721:Ethnicity
2716:Canadians
2664:Petroleum
2644:Companies
2546:Elections
2426:Volcanism
2401:Mountains
2283:Geography
2191:Provinces
2181:Provinces
2112:Etymology
2072:1960–1981
2067:1945–1960
2025:Year list
1589:designed
1450:Don Mills
1266:elevators
955:log cabin
907:Lunenburg
871:seigneurs
759:carpentry
743:pit house
710:Iroquoian
699:Algonquin
626:does not
413:Festivals
329:Languages
297:Ethnicity
292:Canadians
212:June 2021
110:July 2016
55:talk page
3789:Atlantic
3774:Montreal
3769:Gatineau
3706:Hamilton
3683:Winnipeg
3657:Edmonton
3474:Portland
3469:Plymouth
3409:Columbus
3334:Montreal
3258:Category
3178:Manitoba
3106:Category
3046:Research
3020:Contents
3002:Heraldic
2910:Identity
2905:Holidays
2900:Folklore
2811:Abortion
2738:Religion
2676:Taxation
2583:Cannabis
2561:Intersex
2537:Politics
2509:Military
2421:Wildlife
2208:Manitoba
2137:Military
2107:Economic
2032:timeline
1848:Archived
1617:See also
1430:Skytrain
1394:I.M. Pei
1361:styles.
1351:Georgian
1341:and the
1335:Art Deco
1293:bungalow
1237:Art Deco
1006:prairies
935:Georgian
867:Normandy
767:redcedar
724:Prairies
655:May 2021
507:Research
485:Religion
480:Politics
458:Internet
324:Holidays
314:Identity
304:Folklore
257:a series
255:Part of
3802:Moncton
3797:Halifax
3751:Windsor
3741:Toronto
3736:Sudbury
3716:Markham
3698:Ontario
3652:Calgary
3644:Alberta
3624:Kelowna
3614:Burnaby
3520:Bermuda
3494:Seattle
3424:Houston
3414:Detroit
3404:Chicago
3399:Buffalo
3389:Atlanta
3356:Toronto
3234:Nunavut
3198:Ontario
3168:Alberta
3073:Surveys
3068:Studies
3032:Outline
3007:Tartans
2961:Symbols
2950:Theatre
2895:Cuisine
2872:Culture
2845:Poverty
2787:Society
2681:Tourism
2654:Fishing
2627:Banking
2602:Economy
2458:Monarch
2396:Islands
2293:Regions
2264:Nunavut
2228:Ontario
2198:Alberta
2015:History
1754:9 March
1609:of the
1591:The Bow
1489:The Bow
1446:suburbs
1222:Alberta
763:joinery
737:In the
722:On the
703:wigwams
691:Mi'kmaq
647:removed
632:sources
602:History
532:Surveys
527:Studies
495:Theatre
408:Cuisine
339:Symbols
285:History
196:scholar
98:improve
3761:Quebec
3731:Ottawa
3711:London
3673:Regina
3629:Surrey
3535:Mexico
3513:Others
3394:Boston
3379:Albany
3346:Ottawa
3329:Quebec
3321:Canada
3208:Quebec
2970:Anthem
2945:Sports
2890:Cinema
2862:Values
2709:Topics
2649:Energy
2632:Dollar
2497:Courts
2474:Senate
2416:Rivers
2386:Cities
2377:Topics
2238:Quebec
2157:Racism
2088:Topics
2007:Canada
1923:
1906:
1826:
1283:. The
1111:, and
832:Canada
828:Acadia
697:, and
490:Sports
438:Cinema
418:Humour
396:Quebec
391:Comics
374:Topics
361:Values
259:on the
198:
191:
184:
177:
169:
87:, but
3459:Omaha
3239:Yukon
3027:Index
2997:Royal
2930:Media
2925:Music
2828:Crime
2757:Lists
2269:Yukon
2167:Women
979:Metis
964:gable
790:whale
786:Thule
782:igloo
755:Haida
728:bison
470:Music
448:Radio
433:Media
403:Crime
356:Women
344:Royal
203:JSTOR
189:books
3525:Cuba
3151:(by
2985:List
2980:Flag
2566:LGBT
2490:list
1921:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1756:2022
1565:The
1554:The
1472:and
1408:and
1392:and
1357:and
1322:and
1184:and
1143:and
1016:and
1004:the
973:and
853:The
838:and
830:and
761:and
732:tipi
695:Cree
630:any
628:cite
590:The
175:news
2885:Art
2659:Oil
2448:Law
1601:by
1519:by
1511:'s
1400:'s
1376:'s
1220:in
1152:by
994:sod
641:by
423:Law
386:Art
158:by
3829::
1955:"
1943:"
1846:.
1797:.
1772:.
1746:.
1613:.
1299:,
1272:,
1172:,
1123:,
1107:,
814:,
693:,
58:.
3569:e
3562:t
3555:v
3307:e
3300:t
3293:v
3155:)
3141:e
3134:t
3127:v
2481:)
2472:(
2034:)
2029:(
1999:e
1992:t
1985:v
1951:"
1939:"
1884:.
1857:.
1832:.
1807:.
1782:.
1758:.
818:.
668:)
662:(
657:)
653:(
649:.
635:.
579:e
572:t
565:v
243:)
237:(
225:)
219:(
214:)
210:(
200:·
193:·
186:·
179:·
152:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
94:.
65:)
61:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.