164:
307:
78:
87:
142:. There his men and the German soldiers in Swedish service fought a serious battle with each other; many hundred Scotsmen being killed. The Scots were blamed for the disaster, and, although wounded by his own men, Ruthven was imprisoned. As a prisoner in Sweden he was accused of having participated in a conspiracy to assassinate King John III of Sweden. Others implicated in the plot were executed, but Ruthven was kept a prisoner in Vasteras, where he died.
246:, which was held by the Russians, was stormed twice but without success. In the third assault of 2 March 1574, the Swedish forces lost at least 1,000 men. Subsequent Swedish attempts to dig mines and set the town on fire likewise failed. De la Gardie withdrew part of the besieging army for expeditions to nearby
335:, but was allowed a couple of servants, and could walk freely in town and to church. Yet, when Balfour in the spring of 1576 tried to escape, he was kept imprisoned under a stricter regimen. The last five months of his life, he did, however, stay with a citizen of the town, where he died in February 1578.
258:
When the commanders had fled the scene, Scottish troops attacked the German artillery, seized the guns and took aim at the German cavalry. The German horse charged, however, and cut down the Scots. The result was 30 dead
Germans and several hundred dead Scots. The German and Swedish foot stood by
254:
both of which were unsuccessful. The besieging forces were demoralized, supplies ran out and tensions grew; the German troops blamed the failures on a lack of
Scottish support. On 17 March, a brawl between German and Scottish soldiers occurred. A German officer tried to intervene, but when he was
259:
without taking action, neither did the
Scottish horse intervene. Several Scottish officers were among the dead, including David Murray, Jacob Murray and George Michell. About 70 Scots escaped to the Russian forces in Wesenberg, the last record of them is that they were subsequently brought to
206:, on the Swedish west coast, in June and July 1573. The force were split up into small units and marched to Sweden's eastern coast. Overdue pay caused some of the soldiery to delay their march, pillage the countryside and revolt against Ruthven. Upon their arrival in
150:
The Master of
Ruthven was the son of Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven, and brother of William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie. At the age of 14, he became one of the ten Scottish hostages delivered to the English in accordance with the
330:
to
Stockholm. King John III, who feared international complications, or even war with Scotland, stayed the execution until it after many delays took place in August of 1576. Ruthven was kept a prisoner at
255:
unsuccessful and the brawl turned into an open fight, de la Gardie, Tott and
Ruthven arrived to the scene in person. They were however likewise attacked and fled, with Ruthven suffering severe injuries.
191:, to recruit 1,600 soldiers for Swedish service; provided that he did not entice any men from the King's service, nor use any constraint or deceit. He was also forbidden to serve against any
234:. The march was again delayed by the Scottish troops, who demanded to be paid a month in advance, causing de la Gardie to sell part of his jewelry to satisfy their claims.
531:
187:. John III gave him the mission to return to Scotland and recruit 2,000 soldiers. In Scotland, Ruthven on 4 July 1573 received the permission of the
556:
318:, and De la Gardie, declaring his innocence, claiming that he had first heard of it in Reval. The Scottish government pled for the prisoners; the
271:
A court of inquiry found the Scots troops responsible for the disaster at
Wesenberg, and the wounded Ruthven and his second-in-command,
526:
202:
Ruthven had raised substantially more men than the 1,600 men allowed by the Privy
Council; 3,000 foot and 760 horse arrived at
551:
536:
180:
126:
222:
regulars as well as German mercenaries, primarily consisting of cavalry and artillery. In
November, the army left for
323:
122:
17:
196:
541:
163:
303:, but the judgment was not immediately implemented; he being kept in prison during the trial of Ruthven.
351:
275:, were taken as prisoners to Stockholm. In the Swedish capital, they found themselves implicated in the
546:
243:
188:
152:
284:
283:
King John III. De Mornay, Ruthven and
Balfour were tried before a court of eight members of the
263:. The Swedish army had to abort the siege, and the Swedish campaign ended in a dismal failure.
327:
521:
516:
332:
430:
Warrior kings of Sweden. The rise of an empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
227:
8:
315:
231:
138:(1546-1578), was a Scottish nobleman who raised a Scottish force for Swedish service in
319:
306:
176:
172:
203:
211:
81:
272:
90:
510:
280:
62:
77:
276:
86:
292:
192:
46:
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on 4 September 1574. Balfour was also sentenced to lose his life, his
300:
207:
42:
288:
184:
102:
50:
214:, they were joined by another 300 Scottish cavalry and shipped to
223:
215:
139:
112:
296:
260:
247:
66:
218:, where they arrived in September and joined with Swedish and
251:
219:
183:. He therefore went to Sweden and met the Swedish king in
195:
power. In the meantime, Ruthven had participated in the
291:. De Mornay was sentenced to death and executed on the
399:
Edinburgh: H.M. Register House, vol. 2, pp. 235-236.
368:
Calendar of State Papers. Foreign Series, 1559-1560.
136:
Archibald Ruthven of Forteviot and Master of Ruthven
31:
Archibald Ruthven of Forteviot and Master of Ruthven
314:In prison, Ruthven repeatedly petitioned the King,
508:
397:The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland.
453:
451:
382:Berg, Jonas & Lagercrantz, Bo. (1962).
424:
422:
420:
418:
197:Lang Siege and capture of Edinburgh Castle
532:Military personnel from Perth and Kinross
171:In 1572, Ruthven was recommended to King
448:
412:Edinburg: Otto Schulze & Co., p. 63.
402:
305:
237:
162:
557:16th-century Swedish military personnel
415:
326:wrote to the Swedish king, and sent an
167:Edinburgh Castle during the Lang Siege.
14:
509:
386:Stockholm, Nordiska museet, pp. 14-17.
378:
376:
443:Johan III och hertig Karl 1568-1575.
310:VÀsterÄs Castle in the 17th century.
373:
266:
127:William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie
24:
158:
25:
568:
366:Stephenson, Joseph (ed.) (1865).
123:Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven
395:Burton, John Hill (ed.) (1878).
85:
76:
527:Nobility from Perth and Kinross
490:
477:
408:Fischer, Thomas Alfred (1907).
464:
435:
389:
360:
345:
13:
1:
338:
226:under the overall command of
145:
552:Scottish emigrants to Sweden
537:16th-century Scottish people
428:Peterson, Gary Dean (2007).
7:
10:
573:
352:"Col. Archibald Ruthven."
441:Söderqvist, Olof (1898).
293:Great Market in Stockholm
189:Privy Council of Scotland
118:
108:
96:
72:
56:
36:
29:
285:Privy Council of Sweden
311:
168:
309:
238:Disaster at Wesenberg
230:and field command of
199:that fell on 28 May.
166:
542:Scottish mercenaries
432:McFarland, p. 91-93.
410:The Scots in Sweden.
232:Pontus de la Gardie
324:the Earl of Morton
320:Regent of Scotland
312:
177:Regent of Scotland
173:John III of Sweden
169:
547:Scottish soldiers
242:In January 1574,
228:Clas Ă
kesson Tott
153:Treaty of Berwick
133:
132:
18:Archibald Ruthwen
16:(Redirected from
564:
501:
494:
488:
481:
475:
468:
462:
455:
446:
445:Uppsala, p. 113.
439:
433:
426:
413:
406:
400:
393:
387:
384:Scots in Sweden.
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371:
364:
358:
349:
267:Conspiracy trial
244:Wesenberg Castle
98:
89:
80:
27:
26:
21:
572:
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469:
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394:
390:
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370:London, p. 362.
365:
361:
350:
346:
341:
333:VÀsterÄs Castle
273:Gilbert Balfour
269:
240:
181:the Earl of Mar
161:
159:Swedish service
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84:
61:
41:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
570:
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9:
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3:
2:
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210:and ports in
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60:February 1578
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
39:
35:
28:
19:
500:, pp. 58-62.
497:
492:
487:, pp. 53-54.
484:
479:
474:, pp. 64-65.
471:
466:
458:
442:
437:
429:
409:
404:
396:
391:
383:
367:
362:
353:
347:
313:
270:
257:
241:
212:Ăstergötland
201:
170:
149:
135:
134:
522:1578 deaths
517:1546 births
357:2019-12-21.
281:assassinate
277:Mornay plot
511:Categories
339:References
193:Protestant
146:Early life
125:, father;
82:King's Men
73:Allegiance
47:Perthshire
316:the Queen
224:Wesenberg
208:Stockholm
129:, brother
119:Relations
43:Forteviot
496:Fischer
483:Fischer
470:Fischer
461:, p. 64.
457:Fischer
299:and his
289:noblemen
248:Tolsberg
204:Ălvsborg
185:Vadstena
97:Service/
63:VÀsterÄs
51:Scotland
498:op.cit.
485:op.cit.
472:op.cit.
459:op.cit.
287:and 15
220:Finnish
175:by the
140:Estonia
113:Colonel
297:honour
261:Moscow
252:Dorpat
155:1560.
99:branch
91:Sweden
67:Sweden
354:Geni.
328:envoy
301:goods
216:Reval
250:and
109:Rank
103:Foot
57:Died
40:1546
37:Born
279:to
513::
450:^
417:^
375:^
322:,
179:,
65:,
49:,
45:,
20:)
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