Dromedary - Knowledge

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The dromedary is able to close its nostrils voluntarily; this assists in water conservation. The dromedary can conserve water by reducing perspiration by fluctuating the body temperature throughout the day from 31 to 41.7 °C (87.8 to 107.1 °F). The kidneys are specialized to minimize water loss through excretion. Groups of camels avoid excess heat from the environment by pressing against each other. The dromedary can tolerate greater than 30% water loss, which is generally impossible for other mammals. In temperatures between 30 and 40 °C (86 and 104 °F), it needs water every 10 to 15 days. In the hottest temperatures, the dromedary takes water every four to seven days. This camel has a quick rate of rehydration and can drink at 10–20 L (2.2–4.4 imp gal) per minute. The dromedary has a

1294: 2183: 1893:(active mainly during daylight); free-ranging herds feed and roam throughout the day, though they rest during the hottest hours around noon. The night is mainly spent resting. Dromedaries form cohesive groups of about 20 individuals, which consist of several females led by a dominant male. Females may also lead in turns. Some males either form bachelor groups or roam alone. Herds may congregate to form associations of hundreds of camels during migrations at the time of natural disasters. The males of the herd prevent female members from interacting with bachelor males by standing or walking between them and sometimes driving the bachelor males away. In Australia, short-term 2357: 1387: 2093:(as oxygen is required for the metabolic process): overall, there is a net decrease in water. If the hump is small, the animal can show signs of starvation. In a 2005 study, the mean volume of adipose tissues (in the external part of the hump that have cells to store lipids) is related to the dromedary's unique mechanism of food and water storage. In case of starvation, they can even eat fish and bones, and drink brackish and salty water. The hair is longer on the throat, hump and shoulders. Though the padded hooves effectively support the camel's weight on the ground, they are not suitable for walking on slippery and muddy surfaces. 1495: 2740:

of the dromedary plays a crucial role in determining the quality of meat obtained; mishandling can often disfigure the hump. The animal is stunned, seated in a crouching position with the head in a caudal position and slaughtered. The dressing percentage – the percentage of the mass of the animal that forms the carcass – is 55–70%, more than the 45–50% of cattle. Camel meat is often eaten by African camel herders, who use it only during severe food scarcity or for rituals. Camel meat is processed into food items such as burgers, patties, sausages and

2163:, which grows during oestrus, usually regresses within a few days. In one study, 35 complete oestrous cycles were observed in five nonpregnant females over 15 months. The cycles were about 28 days long; follicles matured in six days, maintained their size for 13 days, and returned to their original size in eight days. In another study, ovulation could be best induced when the follicle reaches a size of 0.9–1.9 cm (0.35–0.75 in). In another study, pregnancy in females could be recognized as early as 40 to 45 days of gestation by the swelling of the left 12588: 3662: 3476: 1930: 2800: 1868: 49: 1743:(MERS-CoV). A 2013–14 study of dromedaries in Saudi Arabia concluded the unusual genetic stability of MERS-CoV coupled with its high seroprevalence in the dromedary makes this camel a highly probable host for the virus. The full genome sequence of MERS-CoV from dromedaries in this study showed a 99.9% match to the genomes of human clade B MERS-CoV. Another study in Saudi Arabia showed the presence of MERS-CoV in 90% of the evaluated dromedaries and suggested that camels could be the animal source of MERS-CoV. 1311: 2069: 1199: 93: 1747: 2847: 2835:

colder regions one clipping can yield as much as 5.4 kg (12 lb). A dromedary can produce 1 kg (2.2 lb) wool per year, whereas a Bactrian camel has an annual yield of nearly 5–12 kg (11–26 lb). Dromedaries under the age of two years have a fine undercoat that tends to fall off and should be cropped by hand. Little information about camel hides has been collected but they are usually of inferior quality and are less preferred for manufacturing leather.

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the male smells the female's genitalia and often bites her there or around her hump. The male forces the female to sit, then grasps her with his forelegs. Camelmen often aid the male insert his penis into the female's vulva. The male dromedary's ability to penetrate the female on his own is disputed, though feral populations in Australia reproduce naturally. Copulation takes from 7 to 35 minutes, averaging 11 to 15 minutes. Normally, three to four ejaculations occur. The

2599: 2812: 2110: 2529: 1324: 217: 1207: 2450: 2576:, prominent eyes and large lips. The neck should be medium to long so the head is held high. The chest should be deep and the hump should be well-developed with sufficient space behind it to accommodate the saddle. The hindlegs should be heavy, muscular and sturdy. The dromedary can be trained to carry baggage from the age of five years, but must not be given heavy loads before the age of six. The 2728:. The carcasses of well-fed camels were found to be covered with a thin layer of good quality fat. In a study of the fatty acid composition of raw meat taken from the hind legs of seven one-to-three years old males, 51.5% of the fatty acids were saturated, 29.9% mono-unsaturated, and 18.6% polyunsaturated. The major fatty acids in the meat were palmitic acid (26.0%), oleic acid (18.9%) and 2557: 2861: 2540:

trainer tries to mount it. The next stage involves training it to respond to reins. The animal must be given loads gradually and not forced to carry heavy loads before the age of six. Riding camels should not be struck on their necks, rather they should be struck behind the right leg of the rider. Leese described two types of saddles generally used in camel riding: the Arabian

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milk per day. Leese estimated a lactating female would yield 4 to 9 L (0.88 to 1.98 imp gal) besides the amount ingested by the calf. The Pakistani dromedary, which is considered a better milker and bigger, can yield 9.1–14.1 kg (20–31 lb) when well-fed. Dromedaries in Somalia may be milked between two and four times a day, while those in

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ploughing in pairs or in groups with buffaloes or bullocks. The draught camel can plough at around 2.5 km/h (1.6 mph), and should not be used for more than six hours a day – four hours in the morning and two in the afternoon. The camel is not easily exhausted unless diseased or undernourished, and has remarkable endurance and hardiness.

549:. The domesticated dromedary is generally found in the semi-arid to arid regions of the Old World, mainly in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and a significant feral population occurs in Australia. Products of the dromedary, including its meat and milk, support several North African tribes; it is also commonly used for riding and as a pack animal. 2152:

commercially for lambs, and they grew to normal weights for male calves after 30 days. Lactational yield can vary with species, breed, individual, region, diet, management conditions and lactating stage. The largest quantity of milk is produced during the early period of lactation. The lactation period can vary between nine and eighteen months.

624:), literally "running camel", to refer to the dromedary. The first recorded use in English of the name "dromedary" occurred in the 14th century. The dromedary possibly originated in Arabia or Somalia and is therefore sometimes referred to as the Arabian or East African camel. The word "camel" generally refers either to the dromedary or the 2404:, they can be used for a wide variety of purposes: riding, transport, ploughing, and trading and as a source of milk, meat, wool and leather. The main attraction of the dromedary for nomadic desert-dwellers is the wide variety of resources they provide, which are crucial for their survival. It is important for several 2739:

Dromedary slaughter is more difficult than the slaughter of other domestic livestock such as cattle because of the size of the animal and the significant manual work involved. More males than females are slaughtered. Though less affected by mishandling than other livestock, the pre-slaughter handling

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Daily milk yield generally varies from 3.5 to 35 kg (7.7 to 77.2 lb) and from 1.3% to 7.8% of the body weight. Milk yield varies geographically and depends upon the animals' diet and living conditions. At the peak of lactation, a healthy female would typically provide 9 kg (20 lb)

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over the female by trying to stand taller than the other, making low noises and a series of head movements including lowering, lifting and bending their necks backward. Males try to defeat other males by biting the opponent's legs and taking the head between his jaws. Copulation begins with foreplay;

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In Asia, nearly 70% of the population occurs in India and Pakistan. The combined population of the dromedary and the Bactrian camel decreased by around 21% between 1994 and 2004. The dromedary is sympatric with the Bactrian camel in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and central and southwestern Asia. India has

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The dromedary generally suffers from fewer diseases than other domestic livestock such as goats and cattle. Temperature fluctuations occur throughout the day in a healthy dromedary – the temperature falls to its minimum at dawn, rises until sunset and falls during the night. Nervous camels may vomit

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in separate sacs. Testicles are 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) long, 4.5 cm (1.8 in) deep and 5 cm (2.0 in) wide. The right testicle is often smaller than the left. The typical mass of either testicle is less than 140 g (0.31 lb); during the rut the mass increases from

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The meat of a five-year-old dromedary has a typical composition of 76% water, 22% protein, 1% fat, and 1% ash. The carcass, weighing 141–310 kg (311–683 lb) for a five-year-old dromedary, is composed of nearly 57% muscle, 26% bone and 17% fat. A seven-to-eight-year-old camel can produce a

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The acidity of dromedary milk stored at 30 °C (86 °F) increases at a slower rate than that of cow milk. Though the preparation of butter from dromedary milk is difficult, it is produced in small amounts by nomads, optimized at 22.5% fat in the cream. In 2001, the ability of dromedary milk

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The ideal age to start training dromedaries for riding is three years, although they may be stubborn and unruly. At first the camel's head is controlled, and it is later trained to respond to sitting and standing commands, and to allow mounting. At this stage a camel will often try to escape when a

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Although the role of the camel is diminishing with the advent of technology and modern means of transport, it is still an efficient mode of communication in remote and less-developed areas. The dromedary has been used in warfare since the 6th century BC. It is particularly prized for its capability

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Feral dromedary populations occur in Australia, where they were introduced in 1840. The total dromedary population in Australia was 500,000 in 2005. Nearly 99% of the populations are feral, and they have annual growth rate of 10%. Most of the Australian feral camels are dromedaries, with only a few

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by three to five years of age, though successful breeding could take longer. Camels are described as atypical seasonal breeders; they exhibit spermatogenesis throughout the whole year with a reduction in spermatogenesis during the nonbreeding season compared to that in the breeding season (Zayed et

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classified dromedaries by their basic habitats; the hill camels are small, muscular animals and efficient beasts of burden; the larger plains camels could be further divided into the desert type that can bear light burdens and are apt for riding, and the riverine type – slow animals that

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The dromedary is specially adapted to its desert habitat; these adaptations are aimed at conserving water and regulating body temperature. The bushy eyebrows and the double row of eyelashes prevent sand and dust from entering the eyes during strong windstorms, and shield them from the sun's glare.

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Special behavioral features of the dromedary include snapping at others without biting them and showing displeasure by stamping their feet. They are generally non-aggressive, with the exception of rutting males. They appear to remember their homes; females, in particular, remember the places they

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The dromedary is the tallest of the three camel species. Adult males range in height between 1.8 and 2.4 m (5.9 and 7.9 ft) at the shoulder; females range between 1.7 and 1.9 m (5.6 and 6.2 ft). Males typically weigh between 400 and 690 kg (880 and 1,520 lb); females

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levels in males influences their behavior. Between January and April when these levels are high during the rut, they become difficult to manage, blow out the palate from the mouth, vocalize and throw urine over their backs. Camels scratch parts of their bodies with their legs or with their lower

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wrote that the dromedary exists in large numbers in areas from which the Bactrian camel has disappeared; the converse is also true to a great extent. He said this substitution could have taken place because of the heavy dependence on the milk, meat and wool of the dromedary by Syrian and Arabian

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It is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand 1.8–2.4 m (5 ft 11 in – 7 ft 10 in) at the shoulder, while females are 1.7–1.9 m (5 ft 7 in – 6 ft 3 in) tall. Males typically weigh between 400 and 690 kg (880 and

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and durability, and is thus suitable for manufacturing warm clothes, blankets, tents, and rugs. Hair of highest quality is typically obtained from juvenile or wild camels. In India, camels are clipped usually in spring and around 1–1.5 kg (2.2–3.3 lb) hair is produced per clipping. In

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The dromedary's diet consists mostly of foliage, dry grasses and desert vegetation – mostly thorny plants. A study said the typical diet of the dromedary is dwarf shrubs (47.5%), trees (29.9%), grasses (11.2%), other herbs (0.2%) and vines (11%). The dromedary is primarily a browser;

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Draught camels are used for several purposes including ploughing, processing in oil mills and pulling carts. There is no clear description for the ideal draught camel, though its strength, its ability to survive without water and the flatness of its feet could be indicators. It may be used for

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in 525 BC introduced domesticated camels to the area. The Persian camels were not well-suited to trading or travel over the Sahara; journeys across the desert were made on chariots pulled by horses. The dromedary was introduced into Egypt from south-western Asia (Arabia and Persia). The

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range between 300 and 540 kg (660 and 1,190 lb). The distinctive features are its long, curved neck, narrow chest and single hump (the Bactrian camel has two), thick, double-layered eyelashes and bushy eyebrows. They have sharp vision and a good sense of smell. The male has a soft

2265:. Harry was ill-tempered but was included in an expedition the following year because he could carry heavy loads. The next major group of camels were imported into Australia in 1860, and between 1860 and 1907 10 to 12 thousand were imported. These were used mainly for riding and transport. 2151:

of 15 months. Calves move freely by the end of their first day. Nursing and maternal care continue for one to two years. In a study to find whether young could exist on milk substitutes, two male, month-old camels were separated from their mothers and were fed on milk substitutes prepared

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According to Leese, the dromedary walks with four speeds or gaits: walk, jog, fast run and canter. The first is the typical speed of walking, around 4 km/h (2.5 mph). Jog is the most common speed, nearly 8–12 km/h (5.0–7.5 mph) on level ground. He estimated a speed of

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male. They feed on foliage and desert vegetation; several adaptations, such as the ability to tolerate losing more than 30% of its total water content, allow it to thrive in its desert habitat. Mating occurs annually and peaks in the rainy season; females bear a single calf after a

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was nearly 0.67 million in 2003. In the Persian Gulf region the dromedary is locally classified into breeds including Al-Majahem, Al-Hamrah, Al-Safrah, Al-Zarkah and Al-Shakha, based on coat colour. The UAE has three prominent breeds: Racing camel, Al-Arabiat and Al-Kazmiat.

2746:. Dromedaries can be slaughtered between four and ten years of age. As the animal ages, the meat grows tougher and deteriorates in taste and quality. In Somalian and Djiboutian culture, the dromedary is a staple food and can be found in many recipes and dishes. 4903: 2254:, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil were made between the 17th and 19th centuries; some were imported to the western United States in the 1850s and some to Namibia in the early 1900s, but presently they exist in small numbers or are absent in these areas. 5821: 1165:

The modern dromedary probably evolved in the hotter, arid regions of western Asia from the Bactrian camel, which in turn was closely related to the earliest Old World camels. It was previously believed that this hypothesis was supported by the dromedary

2313:(FAO) for 1984, eastern Africa had about 10 million dromedaries, the largest population of Africa. Western Africa followed with 2.14 million, while northern Africa had nearly 0.76 million. Populations in Africa increased by 16% from 1994 to 2005. 2215: 1383:. It lacks the second and fifth digits. The front feet are 19 cm (7.5 in) wide and 18 cm (7.1 in) long; they are larger than the hind feet, which measure 17 cm (6.7 in) wide and 16 cm (6.3 in) long. 1225:

in Arabic) nearly 18 cm (7.1 in) long, which he inflates to produce a deep pink sac. The palate, which is often mistaken for the tongue, dangles from one side of the mouth and is used to attract females during the mating season.

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weighs less than 500 g (18 oz). The triangular, four-chambered liver weighs 6.5 kg (14 lb); its dimensions are 60 cm × 42 cm × 18 cm (24 in × 17 in × 7 in).

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is dark yellow, disc-shaped and divided into two lobes. The camel epididymis interstitium revealed several blood vessels harboring special regulatory devices such as the spiral arteries, spiral veins, and throttle arterioles.

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The ideal riding camel is strong, slender and long-legged with thin, supple skin. The special adaptations of the dromedary's feet allow it to walk with ease on sandy and rough terrain and on cold surfaces. The camels of the

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The hump stores up to 80 lb (36 kg) of fat, which the camel can break down into energy to meet its needs when resources are scarce; the hump also helps dissipate body heat. When this tissue is metabolized, through

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The dromedary may have been first domesticated in Somalia or the Arabian Peninsula about 4,000 years ago. In the ninth or tenth century BC, the dromedary became popular in the Near East. The Persian invasion of Egypt under

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Chilliard, Y.; Bengoumi, M.; Delavaud, C.; Faulconnier, Y.; Faye, B. (2005). "Body lipids and adaptation of camel to food and water shortage: new data on adipocyte size and plasma leptin". In Faye, B.; Esenov, P. (eds.).

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al., 1995). The breeding season in Egypt is during spring; the spring months. Mating occurs once a year, and peaks in the rainy season. The mating season lasts three to five months, but may last a year for older animals.

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During the reproductive season, males splash their urine on their tails and nether regions. To attract females they extrude their soft palate – a trait unique to the dromedary. As the male gurgles, copious quantities of

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Yuan, Junxia; Hu, Jiaming; Liu, Wenhui; Chen, Shungang; Zhang, Fengli; Wang, Siren; Zhang, Zhen; Wang, Linying; Xiao, Bo; Li, Fuqiang; Hofreiter, Michael; Lai, Xulong; Westbury, Michael V.; Sheng, Guilian (May 2024).

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carcass of 125–400 kg (276–882 lb). The meat is bright red to a dark brown or maroon, while the fat is white. It has the taste and texture of beef. A study of the meat of Iranian dromedaries showed its high

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Camels have a slow growth rate and reach sexual maturity slower than sheep or goat. The age of sexual maturity varies geographically and depends on the individual, as does the reproductive period. Both sexes might

2179:, and western and central Asia. The dromedary typically thrives in areas with a long dry season and a short wet season. They are sensitive to cold and humidity, though some breeds can thrive in humid conditions. 2693:

to form curd was studied; coagulation did not show curd formation, and had a pH of 4.4. It was much different from curd produced from cow milk, and had a fragile, heterogeneous composition probably composed of

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to form hybrids with either a long, slightly lopsided hump or two humps – one small and one large. These hybrids are larger and stronger than their parents – they can bear greater loads. A cross between a

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Perera, R.; Wang, P.; Gomaa, M.; El-Shesheny, R.; Kandeil, A.; Bagato, O.; Siu, L.; Shehata, M.; Kayed, A.; Moatasim, Y.; Li, M.; Poon, L.; Guan, Y.; Webby, R.; Ali, M.; Peiris, J.; Kayali, G. (2013).

1253:, though there is likely at least one other mutation that also causes white spotting. The hair is long and concentrated on the throat, shoulders and the hump. The large eyes are protected by prominent 1257:; the ears are small and rounded. The hump is at least 20 cm (7.9 in) high. The dromedary has long, powerful legs with two toes on each foot. The feet resemble flat, leathery pads. Like the 1776:

was dominant in dromedaries, comprising 95.6% of the adult ticks isolated from the camels. In Israel, the number of ticks per camel ranged from 20 to 105. Nine camels in the date palm plantations in

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that are 2.4 cm (0.94 in) long with a base diameter of 1.5 cm (0.59 in). These glands can produce milk with up to 90% water content even if the mother is at risk of dehydration.

2081:, a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other which uses countercurrent blood flow to cool blood flowing to the brain. This effectively controls the temperature of the brain. 1471:, located on either side of the neck midline. The glands generally grow heavier during the rut, and range from 20 to 115 g (0.71 to 4.06 oz). Each cover hair is associated with an 5172:"Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt, June 2013" 2047:. Dromedaries keep their mouths open while chewing thorny food. They use their lips to grasp the food and chew each bite 40 to 50 times. Its long eyelashes, eyebrows, lockable nostrils, 1275:, the dromedary has a hump, and in comparison has a longer tail, smaller ears, squarer feet, and a greater height at the shoulder. The dromedary has four teats instead of the two in the 2392:

Feral dromedary populations notwithstanding, the wild dromedary camel as opposed to the now domesticated species has been functionally extinct from the wild for the past 2,000 years.

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The dromedary and the Bactrian camel often interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Where the ranges of the species overlap, such as in northern Punjab, Persia, and Afghanistan, the

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phase is assumed to occur during the winter, which is also when rain arrives. The nymphs infest the host mostly in January, then the adults May to September. In a study in Egypt,

2489:. Riding camels of Arabia, Egypt and the Sahara are locally known as the Dilool, the Hageen, and the Mehara respectively; several local breeds are included within these groups. 1672:

of this disease was generally low (2 to 5%) in nomadic or moderately free dromedaries, but it was higher (8 to 15%) in denser populations. Brucellosis is caused by different

2337:. Populations in Pakistan decreased from 1.1 million in 1994 to 0.8 million in 2005 – a 29% decline. According to the FAO, the dromedary population in six countries of the 2705:

to pasteurise and make cheese from camel milk. Mystical beliefs surround the use of camel milk in some places; for example, it may be used as an aphrodisiac in Ethiopia.

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Camel hybridization began in the first millennium BC. For about a thousand years, Bactrian camels and dromedaries have been successfully bred in regions where they are

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has given rise to speculation that the dromedary and the Bactrian camel should be merged into a single species with two varieties. However, a 1994 analysis of the

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and a relatively small vulva help the camel avoid injuries, especially while feeding. They graze for 8–12 hours per day and ruminate for an equal amount of time.

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process to complete more or all of its life cycle on a single host if stressed, and having an unusually wide host range. The larvae are not well understood but

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Klintegerg, R.; Dina, D. (1979). "Proposal for a rural development training project and study concerned with camel utilization in arid lands in Ethiopia".

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Holl, Heather; Isaza, Ramiro; Mohamoud, Yasmin; Ahmed, Ayeda; Almathen, Faisal; Youcef, Cherifi; Gaouar, Semir; Antczak, Douglas; Brooks, Samantha (2017).

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and dispersed widely into Asia, eastern Europe and Africa. By the Pleistocene, ancestors of the dromedary occurred in the Middle East and northern Africa.

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Kadim, I.T.; Mahgoub, O.; Purchas, R.W. (2008). "A review of the growth, and of the carcass and meat quality characteristics of the one-humped camel (

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14–19 km/h (8.7–11.8 mph) during a fast run, by observing northern African and Arabian dromedaries. He gave no speed range to describe the

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Africa has more than 80% of the world's total dromedary population; it occurs in almost every desert zone in the northern part of the continent. The

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Zguigal, H.; Ghoshal, N.G. (1991). "Gross and histologic study of the rostral epidural rete mirabile and the cavernous sinus in one-humped camels".

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In 2013, a seroepidemiological study (a study investigating the patterns, causes and effects of a disease on a specific population on the basis of

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Saleh, M.S.; Mobarak, A.M.; Fouad, S.M. (1971). "Radiological, anatomical and histological studies of the mammary gland of the one-humped camel (

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Compared with the Bactrian camel, the dromedary has a lighter build, longer limbs, shorter hairs, a harder palate and an insignificant or absent

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of feral dromedaries cover 50 to 150 km (19 to 58 sq mi); annual home ranges can spread over several thousand square kilometres.

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and shrubs comprise 70% of its diet in summer and 90% of its diet in winter. The dromedary may also graze on tall, young, succulent grasses.

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Hemida, M. G.; Chu, D.K.W.; Poon, L.L.M.; Perera, R.A.P.M.; Alhammadi, M.A.; Ng, H.Y.; Siu, L.Y.; Guan, Y.; Alnaeem, A.; Peiris, M. (2014).

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The baggage camel should be robust and heavy. Studies have recommended the camel should have either a small or a large head with a narrow

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Elias, E.; Cohen, D.; Steimetz, E. (1986). "A preliminary note on the use of milk substitutes in the early weaning of dromedary camels".

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indicate that the animal could cover up to 50 miles per day for a week and they could go for up to a month without water. An account by

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of the blood varies from 7.1 to 7.6 (slightly alkaline). The individual's state of hydration and sex and the time of year can influence

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first gave birth or suckled their offspring. Males become aggressive in the mating season, and sometimes wrestle. A 1980 study showed

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and have the dimensions 4 cm × 2.5 cm × 0.5 cm (1.6 in × 0.98 in × 0.20 in) during

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Ghobrial, L.I. (1970). "A comparative study of the integument of the camel, Dorcas gazelle and jerboa in relation to desert life".

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Sawaya, W.N.; Khalil, J.K.; Al-Shalhat, A.; Al-Mohammad, H. (1984). "Chemical composition and nutritional quality of camel milk".

4504: 2261:, but only one survived the journey to arrive on 12 October that year. The animal, a male called Harry, was owned by the explorer 12843: 7756: 7284: 7797: 5698: 3956:

Grigson, C.; Gowlett, J.A.J.; Zarins, J. (1989). "The camel in Arabia—a direct radiocarbon date, calibrated to about 7000 BC".

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female hybrid and a male Bactrian camel can also produce a hybrid. Hybrids from other combinations tend to be bad-tempered or

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Garland, D.; Rao, P.V.; Del Corso, A.; Mura, U.; Zigler Jr., J.S. (1991). "zeta-Crystallin is a major protein in the lens of

4394: 4260: 4229: 4020: 4014: 3894: 3866: 3552: 3374: 3293: 3164: 3132: 2925: 1720:, 83% of the 32 camels studied tested positive for sarcoptic mange. In another study, dromedaries were found to have natural 12848: 7748: 3489:

Stanley, H.F.; Kadwell, M.; Wheeler, J.C. (1994). "Molecular evolution of the family Camelidae: a mitochondrial DNA study".

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Rawdah, T. N.; El-Faer, M. Z.; Koreish, S. A. (1994). "Fatty acid composition of the meat and fat of the one-humped camel (

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is a typical baggage saddle from Sudan. The methods of training the baggage camels are similar to those for riding camels.

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Camel meat: A new promising approach to the solution of meat and protein in the arid and semi-arid countries of the world

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Leal, Brenda; Zamora, Emily; Fuentes, Austin; Thomas, Donald B.; Dearth, Robert K. (22 June 2020). Reddy, Gadi VP (ed.).

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Hegazi, A.H. (1953). "The spleen of the camel compared with other domesticated animals and its microscopic examination".

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Camel milk is a staple food of nomadic tribes living in deserts. It consists of 11.7% solids, 3% protein, 3.6% fat, 0.8%

6118: 5264:"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013" 4692:

Barakat, M.Z.; Abdel-Fattah, M. (1971). "Seasonal and sexual variations of certain constituents of normal camel blood".

3457: 3031: 13033: 2204:. While the invasion was accomplished largely on horseback, new links to the Middle East allowed camels to be imported 488:

The species' distinctive features include its long, curved neck, narrow chest, a single hump (compared with two on the

5262:

Hemida, M.; Perera, R.; Wang, P.; Alhammadi, M.; Siu, L.; Li, M.; Poon, L.; Saif, L.; Alnaeem, A.; Peiris, M. (2013).

2681:. Camel milk has higher thermal stability compared with cow milk, but it does not compare favourably with sheep milk. 2212:

for the first time. In Libya, dromedaries were used for transport and their milk and meat constituted the local diet.

13018: 12952: 7046: 7021: 6712: 6696: 6405: 5729: 3180: 2958: 2750: 2310: 255: 5070:

Al-Rawashdeh, O.F.; Al-Ani, F.K.; Sharrif, L.A.; Al-Qudah, K.M.; Al-Hami, Y.; Frank, N. (2000). "A survey of camel (

2911: 2732:(12.1%). In the hump, palmitic acid was dominant (34.4%), followed by oleic acid (28.2%), myristic acid (10.3%) and 2208:. These camels were well-suited to long desert journeys and could carry a great deal of cargo, allowing substantial 955:; the one-humped Arabian camel and the two-humped Bactrian camel. The dromedary was given its current binomial name 13048: 12791: 6577:

Schulz, U.; Tupac-Yupanqui, I.; Martínez, A.; Méndez, S.; Delgado, J. V.; Gómez, M.; Dunner, S.; Cañón, J. (2010).

5320: 2884: 2201: 496:), and long hairs on the throat, shoulders and hump. The coat is generally a shade of brown. The hump, 20 cm ( 6371: 3675:

Taylor, K.M.; Hungerford, D.A.; Snyder, R.L.; Ulmer, F.A.Jr. (1968). "Uniformity of karyotypes in the Camelidae".

2799: 2159:. Oestrus may be cued by the nutritional status of the camel and the length of day. If mating does not occur, the 12900: 6965: 4904:"Structural Investigation of Epididymal Microvasculature and Its Relation to Telocytes and Immune Cells in Camel" 3370: 965: 517:

Dromedaries are mainly active during daylight hours. They form herds of about 20 individuals, which are led by a

207: 6626: 5805:

Chatty, D. (1972). "Structural forces of pastoral nomadism, with special reference to camel pastoral nomadism".

5087: 6648: 2917: 1190:

nomads, while the Asiatic people domesticated the Bactrian camel but did not have to depend upon its products.

545:

that figure it from 5,000 to 9,000 years ago. In the wild, the dromedary inhabited arid regions, including the

7384: 5433: 4063: 13083: 12988: 12965: 12882: 12681: 12374: 8149: 6223:"The ovarian follicular wave pattern and induction of ovulation in the mated and non-mated one-humped camel ( 5822:"Seasonal Variation of the Intraepithelial Gland in Camel Epididymis with Special Reference to Autophagosome" 2697:

flakes. Nevertheless, cheese and other dairy products can be made from camel milk. A study found bovine calf

17: 5574: 5557:. United Nations Environmental Programme/Man and Biosphere -Integrated Project in Arid Lands. pp. 1–18. 3911: 1649:

if they are carelessly handled; this does not always indicate a disorder. Rutting males may develop nausea.

13053: 13023: 12611: 8938: 7699: 2289:

marks the southern extreme of its range, where the annual rainfall is around 550 mm (22 in). The

1468: 13058: 12869: 12830: 12731: 12726: 12703: 5783: 5779: 4276:

Lesbre, F.X. (1903). "Recherches anatomiques sur les camélidés" [Anatomical research on camels].

3101: 3048: 3007: 2182: 2156: 1052:

differences between them tend to decrease as a result of extensive crossbreeding. The fertility of their

978: 332: 6962:"Ablutions (Wudu) What is said about the urine of camels, sheep and other animals and about their folds" 2811: 13038: 8218: 7790: 4635:

Hegazi, A.H. (1954). "The liver of the camel as revealed by macroscopic and microscopic examinations".

3043: 2879: 2607: 2365: 2273:

In the early 21st century, the domesticated dromedary is found in the semi-arid to arid regions of the

31: 4768:

Arthur, G.H.; A/Rahim, A.T.; Al Hindi, A.S. (1985). "Reproduction and genital diseases of the camel".

4505:"Anatomical, histological and histochemical observations and changes in the poll glands of the camel ( 11195: 8140: 8131: 7333: 5750:. NATO Science Series (I): Life and Behavioural Sciences. Vol. 362. IOS Press. pp. 135–45. 5307:"Questing by Tick Larvae (Acari: Ixodidae): A Review of the Influences That Affect Off-Host Survival" 2356: 1909:

Free-ranging dromedaries face large predators typical of their regional distribution, which includes

7244: 6932:

Sweet, L.E. (1965). "Camel raiding of North Arabian Bedouin: a mechanism of ecological adaptation".

6325: 6035:

Bremaud, O. (1969). "Notes on camel production in the Northern districts of the Republic of Kenya".

3661: 3475: 1530:. Each kidney has a capacity of 858 cm (52.4 cu in), and can produce urine with high 92: 13043: 13008: 12367: 10982: 4992: 4296: 3313: 1945:

In the Sahara, 332 plant species have been recorded as food plants of the dromedary. These include

1596: 1171: 530: 529:

The dromedary has not occurred naturally in the wild for nearly 2,000 years. It was probably first

6771: 5748:

Desertification Combat and Food Safety: the Added Value of Camel Producers, Ashgabad, Turkmenistan

5555:

Ecology and management of camels, sheep and goats in northern Kenya. Mimeo, Nairobi, UNEP/MAB/IPAL

3643: 2400:

The strength and docility of the dromedary make it popular as a domesticated animal. According to

1210:

The dromedary has a long curved neck, single hump and long hair on the throat, shoulders and hump.

13013: 12233: 11631: 11024: 8920: 8061: 6934: 5526:

Sambraus, H.H. (June 1994). "Biological function of morphologic peculiarities of the dromedary".

5324: 3281: 3239: 3191: 3077: 2262: 1363:. The spinal cord is nearly 214 cm (84 in) long; it terminates in the second and third 12939: 11144: 8580: 4078:

Lee, D.G.; Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1962). "The skin, sweat glands and hair follicles of the camel (

2761:

in humans resulting from the ingestion of raw camel liver. Four of the five patients had severe

2242:

in 1405 during the European colonisation of the area, and are still extant there, especially in

1494: 1386: 1170:

having two humps, but modern studies have shown this to be false. A jawbone of a dromedary that

13003: 12998: 12822: 12643: 12275: 8682: 8388: 8307: 7239: 6320: 4059: 2351: 1995: 1829: 1790: 1459:

is 2.2–4.7 mm (0.087–0.185 in) thick. The hump is composed of fat bound together by

13078: 12934: 12606: 12483: 11832: 10862: 9087: 8316: 8200: 7783: 6523: 6201: 2830:

Camels in hot climates generally do not develop long coats. Camel hair is light, and has low

1799: 187: 12926: 12695: 6907: 2234:, the Americas and Australia. Dromedaries were introduced into Spain in 1020 AD and to 12947: 12752: 12708: 12690: 12473: 12139: 11905: 11896: 11841: 11466: 11430: 11403: 10811: 10802: 10247: 10238: 8604: 8463: 8406: 8352: 7455:

Ramet, J.P. (1987). "Saudi Arabia: use of bovine calf rennet to coagulate raw camel milk".

5833: 4915: 4562: 3965: 3498: 2831: 2132: 1971: 1580: 1511: 1464: 1344: 717:

Phylogenetic relationships of the dromedary compared to living and recently extinct camels

518: 7408:"Dromedary milk lactic acid fermentation: microbiological and rheological characteristics" 6455: 6448: 5618:(Revised and expanded ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Blue Angel Gallery. pp. 78–9. 4727:

Schmidt-Nielsen, K.; Crawford, E.C.Jr.; Newsome, A.E.; Rawson, K.S.; Hammel, H.T. (1967).

2333:

a dromedary population of less than one million, with most (0.67 million) in the state of

8: 12282: 12085: 11787: 11778: 11526: 11394: 11367: 11303: 10964: 10844: 10793: 8472: 8379: 7970: 7628: 5282: 5263: 5190: 5171: 4006: 2463: 2209: 2148: 2043: 2001: 1965: 1760: 1684: 1186: 942: 493: 70: 6037:

Maisons-Alfort, IEMVT (Institut d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux)

5837: 5372:

Straten, M.; Jongejan, F. (1993). "Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting the Arabian camel (

5020:

Currason, G. (1947). "Le chameau et ses maladies" [The camel and its diseases].

4919: 4566: 3969: 3502: 1883: 13028: 12226: 12172: 12163: 11535: 11475: 11457: 11439: 11385: 11358: 11349: 10973: 10955: 10889: 10582: 10308: 9785: 9776: 9495: 8929: 8397: 8209: 8191: 8070: 7721: 7694: 7437: 7257: 7216: 7163: 6189: 5857: 5401: 5349: 5306: 5239: 5214: 5107: 4939: 4880: 4833: 4804: 4705: 4613: 4578: 4477: 4252: 4246: 4218: 4182: 4155: 4099: 3788: 3780: 3635: 3522: 3346: 3240:"Camelus knoblochi genome reveals the complex evolutionary history of Old World camels" 2785: 2615: 2432: 2382: 2378: 2230:

Dromedaries were also shipped from south-western Asia to Spain, Italy, Turkey, France,

2007: 1690: 1254: 1154:, several mammals faced extinction. This period marked the successful radiation of the 1038: 951: 856: 485:

1,520 lb), and females weigh between 300 and 540 kg (660 and 1,190 lb).

289: 234: 87: 7307: 7276: 7014:

Islamic Weapons, Warfare, and Armies: Muslim Military Operations Against the Crusaders

5892: 5048: 1097: 12921: 12739: 12587: 11805: 11796: 11484: 11412: 11340: 11171: 11153: 11006: 9956: 9351: 9342: 9194: 9096: 8875: 8842: 8785: 8655: 8182: 8043: 7726: 7675: 7632: 7602: 7598: 7548: 7483: 7429: 7092: 7067: 7042: 7017: 6886: 6826: 6816: 6692: 6600: 6554: 6529: 6502: 6459: 6426: 6401: 6363: 6293: 6248: 6181: 6164: 6073: 5999: 5995: 5949: 5896: 5861: 5849: 5751: 5725: 5656: 5619: 5535: 5505: 5393: 5354: 5336: 5287: 5244: 5195: 5099: 5091: 5052: 4943: 4931: 4884: 4860: 4838: 4785: 4781: 4750: 4745: 4728: 4709: 4674: 4644: 4617: 4529: 4446: 4442: 4390: 4256: 4225: 4187: 4156:"A Frameshift Mutation in KIT is Associated with White Spotting in the Arabian Camel" 4010: 3977: 3931: 3927: 3890: 3862: 3832: 3792: 3692: 3622: 3548: 3514: 3289: 3259: 3160: 3128: 2954: 2931: 2921: 2522: 2374: 2361: 1929: 1819: 1795: 1628: 1572: 1503: 1268: 821: 534: 7441: 7261: 6193: 5694: 5405: 5111: 4103: 3526: 12796: 12330: 12199: 11953: 11944: 11823: 11664: 11655: 11448: 11120: 11111: 11059: 11050: 10898: 10871: 10784: 10564: 10172: 9598: 9589: 9579: 9552: 9273: 9142: 8343: 8334: 8325: 8107: 8098: 8034: 7961: 7952: 7716: 7708: 7665: 7594: 7540: 7419: 7380: 7376: 7249: 7212: 6943: 6590: 6283: 6238: 6173: 6098:

Shalash, M.R.; Nawito, M. (1965). "Some reproductive aspects in the female camel".

6063: 5991: 5888: 5841: 5648: 5495: 5385: 5344: 5328: 5277: 5268: 5234: 5226: 5185: 5176: 5126: 5083: 5044: 4923: 4876: 4828: 4805:"Observations on the full-term foetal membranes of three members of the Camelidae ( 4777: 4740: 4701: 4609: 4582: 4570: 4553: 4521: 4473: 4438: 4351: 4343: 4177: 4167: 4091: 3973: 3923: 3822: 3776: 3772: 3726: 3684: 3627: 3506: 3251: 3209: 2678: 2642: 2326: 2160: 1959: 1947: 1729: 1725: 1678: 1632: 1452: 1093: 1053: 665: 436: 430: 371: 12744: 7544: 6947: 5914:

H., Pilters; T., Krumbach; W.G., Kükenthal (1956). "Das verhalten der Tylopoden".

4547:

Dowling, D.F.; Nay, T. (1962). "Hair follicles and the sweat glands of the camel (

3364: 1867: 1104:

is the largest in the metacentric and submetacentric group. There are 31 pairs of

12993: 12908: 12621: 11929: 11920: 11868: 11859: 11640: 10497: 10488: 9965: 9561: 8613: 8523: 8361: 8173: 8052: 8025: 8016: 5652: 5125:

Roger, F.; Yesus, M. G.; Libeau, G.; Diallo, A.; Yigezu, L.M.; Yilma, T. (2001).

4213: 3999: 3994: 3882: 3214: 3053: 2771: 2401: 2386: 2119: 1953: 1808: 1713: 1653: 1556: 1480: 1429: 1399: 1380: 1364: 1336: 1182: 986: 913: 686: 669: 365: 61: 48: 12887: 12861: 6691:. Wageningen (The Netherlands): Wageningen Academic Publishers. pp. 168–9. 5616:

Animal Dreaming: The Spiritual and Symbolic Language of the Australasian Animals

4365:

Simpson, C.D. (1984). "Artiodactyls". In Anderson, S.; Jones Jr., J.K.) (eds.).

4045: 3159:. Vol. 2 (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1078–81. 2701:

could be used to coagulate dromedary milk. A special factory has been set up in

1463:. There are no glands on the face; males have glands that appear to be modified 12433: 12416: 12401: 12390: 12265: 12129: 12067: 11697: 11688: 11213: 11162: 11083: 11074: 11015: 10853: 10555: 10377: 10368: 9923: 9890: 9872: 9360: 9170: 9045: 8884: 7872: 7844: 7503:

Rao, M.B.; Gupta, R.C.; Dastur, N.N. (1970). "Camels' milk and milk products".

6158:

Musa, B.; Abusineina, M. (16 December 1978). "The oestrous cycle of the camel (

3744:

Kolpakow, V.N. (1935). "Über Kamelkreuzungen" [About camel crossings].

2866: 2852: 2758: 2290: 2239: 2231: 1879: 1669: 1636: 1527: 1472: 1460: 1441: 1403: 1348: 1340: 1067: 934: 628: 625: 578: 511: 489: 7775: 7253: 5936:

Khan, A.A.; Kohli, I.S. (1973). "A note on the sexual behavior of male camel (

5845: 4927: 4347: 3255: 2974: 2068: 1310: 1198: 12982: 12572: 12438: 12338: 11754: 11736: 11622: 11559: 11550: 10609: 10344: 10317: 10088: 9998: 9989: 9974: 9839: 9803: 9758: 9695: 9686: 9203: 9161: 9054: 9020: 9010: 8911: 8893: 8556: 8505: 8415: 7979: 6830: 6604: 5376:) in the Sinai, Egypt with a note on the acaricidal efficacy of ivermectin". 5340: 5095: 3730: 3440: 3360: 3096: 3081: 3039: 2907: 2766: 2729: 2674: 2666: 2573: 2533: 2454: 2247: 2078: 1814: 1746: 1611: 1488: 1476: 1433: 1230: 1159: 960: 838: 648: 546: 203: 4960:

Leupold, J. (1968). "Camel-an important domestic animal of the subtropics".

3912:"Is there a two-humped stage in the embryonic development of the dromedary?" 2935: 2622:

were relatively higher than the amounts in cow milk. However, the levels of

2293:

has nearly 35% of the world's dromedaries; most of the region's stock is in

2089:, it releases energy while causing water to evaporate from the lungs during 1739:

tests) in Egypt was the first to show the dromedary might be a host for the

1233:

is generally brown but can range from black to nearly white. Leese reported

1202:

This camel has thick, double-layered eyelashes and bushy eyebrows. (Algeria)

12835: 12666: 12540: 12343: 12148: 12117: 12007: 11679: 11493: 11421: 11294: 11237: 11228: 10946: 10880: 10642: 10600: 10515: 10326: 10046: 10037: 9899: 9830: 9719: 9710: 9452: 9221: 8902: 8857: 8824: 8595: 8487: 8454: 8370: 7730: 7712: 7606: 7552: 7433: 7424: 7407: 6367: 5853: 5358: 5332: 5291: 5248: 5230: 5199: 5103: 5056: 4979: 4935: 4842: 4678: 4648: 4191: 4136: 3935: 3510: 3277: 3263: 2846: 2733: 2517:

and the Anafi camel bred in Sudan are common breeds used as riding camels.

2510: 2506: 2444: 2338: 2164: 2031: 1777: 1535: 1519: 1265: 1245:

in Sudan. Piebald coloration in some camels is thought to be caused by the

1101: 1079: 1060: 1057: 982: 970: 7679: 7670: 7653: 6297: 6288: 6267: 6252: 6243: 6222: 6177: 6077: 6068: 6051: 6003: 5953: 5900: 5660: 5539: 5509: 5500: 5479: 5397: 4888: 4789: 4754: 4713: 4621: 4450: 4095: 3836: 3827: 3810: 3696: 3518: 2614:

6.5). The quantities of sodium, potassium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese,

1423: 1420: 1412: 1409: 12913: 12804: 12718: 12675: 12626: 12545: 12525: 12520: 12498: 12488: 12463: 12458: 12443: 12406: 12305: 11769: 11517: 10679: 10633: 10624: 10573: 10525: 10386: 10228: 9821: 9812: 9640: 9434: 9425: 9415: 9309: 9152: 8962: 8953: 8866: 8709: 8631: 8514: 8439: 8430: 7807: 6961: 6185: 5875:

Abdel Rahim, S.E. (1997). "Studies on the age of puberty of male camels (

4533: 4172: 3195: 3127:(1st ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 58–9. 2874: 2762: 2686: 2658: 2635: 2598: 2494: 2196: 2013: 1824: 1665: 1484: 1376: 1151: 1146:, is the oldest and the smallest-known camel. During the transition from 1105: 144: 7167: 1440:

appear at 4.5 to 6.5 years of age. All teeth are in use by 8 years. The

974:

can bear heavy burdens; and those intermediate between these two types.

12783: 12478: 11376: 11276: 11101: 10693: 10115: 10097: 9848: 9543: 9528: 9519: 9486: 9263: 9069: 8986: 8977: 8752: 8743: 8622: 8547: 8088: 7909: 6348: 5389: 4991:. London, UK: Bailliere, Tindall And Cox. pp. 1–56. Archived from 3784: 3639: 2818: 2725: 2714: 2702: 2670: 2662: 2654: 2627: 2593: 2486: 2421: 2175:

Its range included hot, arid regions of northern Africa, Ethiopia, the

1894: 1890: 1834: 1781: 1657: 1507: 1445: 1395: 1352: 1261:, dromedaries move both legs on one side of the body at the same time. 1250: 1234: 1138: 1049: 998: 632: 569: 558: 4729:"Metabolic rate of camels: effect of body temperature and dehydration" 4525: 3688: 2462:

to outrun horses in the deserts. Record of its use during the time of

2101: 12809: 12765: 12616: 12530: 12468: 12453: 12448: 12249: 11997: 11850: 11721: 11712: 11186: 10760: 10751: 10736: 10727: 10591: 10163: 9947: 9881: 9767: 9282: 9078: 8767: 8691: 8571: 8122: 8007: 7997: 7891: 7882: 7771:"Could Emirati camels hold the key to treating venomous snake bites?" 6846:"Camelid genetic resources. A report on three Arabian Gulf Countries" 6595: 6578: 4574: 4041: 3910:

Kinne, J; Wani, NA; Wernery, U; Peters, J; Knospe, C (October 2010).

2646: 2619: 2471: 2334: 2274: 2251: 2243: 2176: 2090: 2086: 2037: 1872: 1847: 1736: 1708: 1695: 1623: 1372: 1174:

from 8,200 BC was found in Saudi Arabia on the southern coast of the

1121: 1116: 1109: 938: 930: 658: 542: 523: 154: 104: 12637: 12320: 12043: 7364: 6052:"Semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)" 5744: 4726: 4220:

The Camel, Its Evolution, Ecology, Behavior, and Relationship to Man

3631: 2109: 1906:

incisors. They may also rub against tree bark and roll in the sand.

1614:

that opens backwards; it is about 60 cm (24 in) long. The

1555:

are reddish, circular and flattened. They are enclosed in a conical

1030: 12770: 12660: 12567: 12535: 12493: 11985: 11613: 11285: 10997: 10835: 10775: 10440: 10139: 9671: 9616: 9504: 9333: 8809: 8800: 8776: 8664: 8538: 8288: 8164: 7860: 7838: 7826: 2742: 2721: 2565: 2485:

The dromedary also remains popular for racing, particularly in the

2467: 2417: 2413: 2306: 2258: 2052: 1983: 1902: 1850: 1839: 1765: 1721: 1703: 1619: 1592: 1588: 1560: 1531: 1510:

is 50 beats per minute. The dromedary is the only mammal with oval

1300: 1238: 1147: 1089: 1085: 990: 764: 747: 612:), meaning "running" or "runner", used in Greek in the combination 595: 472: 124: 12359: 7154:

Acland, P.B.E. (1932). "Notes on the camel in the eastern Sudan".

6576: 4251:(1st ed.). New York, US: Britannica Educational Pub. p. 3763:

Mikesell, M.W. (1955). "Notes on the dispersal of the dromedary".

2528: 2131:

turns to foam and covers the mouth. Males threaten each other for

1323: 1045:), earlier than previously estimated from North American fossils. 216: 12960: 12348: 12310: 12190: 12025: 11886: 11745: 11135: 10922: 10913: 10826: 10712: 10703: 10675: 10431: 10335: 10299: 10214: 10210: 10181: 10106: 9794: 9667: 9628: 9212: 9129: 9035: 8298: 8248: 7943: 7202: 7091:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications. pp. 142–5. 7066:. Green Forest, AR: New Leaf Publishing Group. pp. 663–664. 6711: 5069: 3887:

Horns, Tusks, and Flippers : The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals

2913:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2631: 2623: 2514: 2502: 2479: 2478:

used a dromedary to outrun his pursuers after he was defeated at

2475: 2405: 2302: 2294: 2141: 1989: 1875: 1843: 1699: 1673: 1661: 1615: 1600: 1564: 1437: 1356: 1332: 1258: 1206: 1175: 1042: 1014: 917: 778: 538: 477: 7230:

Farah, Z.; Atkins, D. (1992). "Heat coagulation of camel milk".

7086: 6772:"The camel in Rajasthan: Agricultural biodiversity under threat" 6311:

Wardeh, M. F. (2004). "Classification of the dromedary camels".

3889:. Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 53–4. 2449: 12757: 12505: 12300: 12292: 12034: 11603: 11508: 11331: 11321: 10937: 10449: 10289: 10271: 10262: 10148: 10070: 10022: 10013: 9471: 9462: 9397: 9388: 9378: 9300: 8833: 8646: 8496: 7832: 7820: 6482:

Epstein, H. (1971). "History and origin of the African camel".

3373: ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Laurentius Salvius. p. 65. 3185: 3071: 2790: 2698: 2694: 2650: 2425: 2409: 2235: 2220: 2187: 2128: 1993:

when they are available. Feral dromedaries in Australia prefer

1977: 1717: 1579:

is 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in) long and has well-developed

1576: 1568: 1539: 1456: 1368: 1242: 1216: 1167: 1143: 1006: 1002: 734: 562: 267: 134: 114: 6813:

Animals in Stone : Indian Mammals Sculptured Through Time

5426:"150-year-old Diorama Surprises Scientists With Human Remains" 12552: 12515: 12510: 12411: 12315: 12257: 12058: 12016: 11591: 11261: 11252: 10546: 10473: 10464: 10395: 10124: 10079: 9938: 9863: 9743: 9734: 9245: 9236: 8728: 8719: 7928: 7919: 7087:

Bligh, J.; Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L.; Macdonald, A.G. (1976).

6423:

The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume One: AD

5967:

Hartley, B.J. (1979). "The dromedary of the Horn of Africa".

5035:

Abbas, B.; Agab, H. (2002). "A review of camel brucellosis".

4414:. Cairo, Egypt: Egypt Ministry of Agriculture. pp. 1–32. 3032: 2498: 2298: 2286: 2137: 1918: 1751: 1607: 1584: 1552: 1455:

is 0.038–0.064 mm (0.0015–0.0025 in) thick and the

1022: 651: 636: 613: 164: 12218: 7476:

Dromadaires et chameaux, animaux laitiers: actes du colloque

6551:

North Africa: Contemporary Politics and Economic Development

1668:

is another prominent malady. In an observational study, the

1664:

and weakness; the disease is typically fatal for the camel.

12557: 11204: 10534: 10422: 10404: 10061: 9914: 9318: 9185: 9001: 8275: 8236: 5088:

10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0335:ASOCCD]2.0.CO;2

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A Treatise on the One-Humped Camel in Health and in Disease

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The heart weighs around 5 kg (11 lb); it has two

1448:, which constitutes 8 to 13% of the protein present there. 1125: 1063: 997:

species (the study considered the wild Bactrian camel as a

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Wildlife Resources : A Global Account of Economic Use

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Skidmore, J. A.; Billah, M.; Allen, W. R. (1 March 1996).

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Fleas and ticks are common causes of physical irritation.

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6579:"The Canarian camel: a traditional dromedary population" 6268:"A study of the genital organs of the female dromedary ( 5215:"MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia" 3719:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

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In 1840, about six camels were shipped from Tenerife to

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2611: 2321: 1802:. Illnesses that can affect dromedary productivity are 1764:

is especially adapted to arid conditions, changing its

1515: 1514:, which facilitates blood flow during dehydration. The 1467:

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is 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) deep and has a small

30:

This article is about the animal. For other uses, see

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concentrations. Like the horse, the dromedary has no

1066:

showed the species display 10.3% divergence in their

439: 7580: 7412:

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was isolated from the camel's bone marrow, from the

1656:, a disease caused by a parasite transmitted by the 1220: 817: 760: 696: 679: 448: 442: 413: 410: 398: 392: 380: 377: 7526: 6220: 5212: 4902:Hussein and Abdel-maksoud, Manal and Fatma (2020). 4859:Mobarak, A.M.; ElWishy, A.B.; Samira, M.F. (1972). 4691: 4330:Hifny, A.K.; Mansour, A.A.; Moneim, M.E.A. (1985). 2689:, Ethiopia, may be milked up to seven times a day. 1436:develop by 12 to 15 months and the permanent lower 1142:, which occurred in North America during the upper 619: 600: 582: 419: 407: 386: 374: 7136:Nanda, P.N. (1957). "Camel and their management". 6447: 5981: 4503: 4367:Orders and families of recent mammals of the world 4329: 4217: 4077: 3998: 3861:(3rd ed.). London, UK: Longman. p. 485. 3859:An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics 2532:A camel decorated for a tourist camel ride in the 2373:Bactrian camels. Most of the dromedaries occur in 6713:Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations 6653:Burkes & Wills Web (Digital Research Archive) 4595: 3746:Berliner und Münchner Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 3000:"Arabian Camel (Dromedary) | National Geographic" 2058: 1788:tick infestations. Larvae of the camel nasal fly 1379:animal; it walks on its toes, which are known as 12980: 6769: 6395: 4861:"The penis and prepuce of the one-humped camel ( 3608: 3116: 1627:165 to 253 g (0.364 to 0.558 lb). The 7805: 6880: 5975: 5371: 5298: 3856: 3122: 1567:are 25–28 cm (9.8–11.0 in) long. The 1092:consist of five pairs of small to medium-sized 7502: 7406:Attia, H.; Kherouatou, N.; Dhouib, A. (2001). 7327: 7325: 6988:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 1, chapter 80" 6689:Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide 6548: 6157: 6016: 5638: 5312:Annals of the Entomological Society of America 4501: 4278:Archives du Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon 3881: 3438: 3288:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 32. 2200:popularity of dromedaries increased after the 705: 12375: 12234: 7791: 7618: 7616: 6687:Rosati, A.; Tewolde, A.; Mosconi, C. (2007). 6346: 6119:"Reproduction in dromedary camels: an update" 6097: 5819: 4660: 4658: 4294: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3236: 2825: 2551: 2250:. Attempts to introduce dromedaries into the 2238:in 1059 AD. Camels were exported to the 1871:"Lion Attacking a Dromedary," a 19th-century 1088:chromosomes, the same as other camelids. The 6843: 6655:. The Burke & Wills Historical Society. 6484:The Origin of the Domestic Animals in Africa 6206:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 ( 4224:. Chicago, US: University of Chicago Press. 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 3230: 2906: 1741:Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1432:dentition. In the juvenile, the lower first 689: 672: 7574: 7322: 7229: 6649:"The Introduction of camels into Australia" 6477: 6475: 6049: 5874: 5724:. New Age International. pp. 180–181. 5695:"What secrets lie within the camel's hump?" 5477: 5015: 5013: 4720: 4055: 4053: 3343:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 3340: 3276: 2548:used when two riders mount the same camel. 2395: 2167:, where 99.5% of pregnancies were located. 1526:lack lobes. A dehydrated camel has a lower 1487:. Females have cone-shaped, four-chambered 641: 607: 588: 572: 557:The common name "dromedary" comes from the 12382: 12368: 12241: 12227: 7880: 7798: 7784: 7613: 7362: 7305: 7149: 7147: 7105: 6765: 6763: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6572: 6570: 6528:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. 6342: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6050:Chen, B.X.; Yuen, Z.X.; Pan, G.W. (1985). 6030: 6028: 5738: 5673: 4955: 4953: 4869:Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A 4854: 4852: 4694:Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A 4655: 4628: 4602:Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A 4546: 4409: 4403: 3989: 3987: 3668: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3533: 2975:"Definition of dromedary | Dictionary.com" 2755:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1112:is similar to that of the Bactrian camel. 228: Range of the dromedary in 2000 215: 47: 12115: 9587: 7720: 7669: 7423: 7243: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7111: 6779:Saving the Camel and Peoples' Livelihoods 6594: 6486:. African Publishing Corporation: 558–64. 6324: 6287: 6242: 6110: 6067: 5984:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 5935: 5713: 5686: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5499: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5348: 5281: 5238: 5189: 5034: 4972: 4832: 4744: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4198: 4181: 4171: 3903: 3826: 3708: 3706: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3454:International Livestock Centre for Africa 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3308: 2724:content, which makes it taste sweet like 1660:. The main symptoms are recurring fever, 11996: 9386: 7645: 7559: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7198: 7196: 7174: 6723: 6542: 6472: 6420: 6414: 6214: 6116: 5931: 5929: 5913: 5525: 5521: 5519: 5478:Yagil, R.; Etzion, Z. (1 January 1980). 5423: 5255: 5206: 5163: 5028: 5019: 5010: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4463: 4457: 4244: 4238: 4147: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4050: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3804: 3802: 3762: 3756: 3743: 3737: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3359: 3123:Heller, L.; Humez, A.; Dror, M. (1984). 2597: 2555: 2527: 2448: 2431:Camel urine and camel milk are used for 2355: 2320: 2214: 2181: 2108: 2100: 2067: 1928: 1866: 1806:diseases and wound infections caused by 1745: 1706:(roundworms). Among external parasites, 1493: 1385: 1322: 1205: 1197: 8287: 7858: 7757:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 7651: 7565: 7482:] (in French). CIRAD. p. 195. 7480:Dromedaries and Camels, Milking Animals 7308:"Pakistan camels. A preliminary survey" 7180: 7144: 7061: 7011: 6760: 6729: 6671: 6567: 6553:(1 ed.). Croom Helm. p. 128. 6549:Lawless, R. I.; Findlay, A. M. (1984). 6490: 6481: 6445: 6333: 6265: 6259: 6117:Skidmore, J. A. (July–September 2005). 6084: 6034: 6025: 5966: 5960: 5907: 5764: 5719: 5641:American Journal of Veterinary Research 5454: 5448: 4962:Blue Book for the Veterinary Profession 4959: 4950: 4849: 4685: 4637:American Journal of Veterinary Research 4540: 4431:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 4418: 4364: 4358: 3993: 3984: 3482: 3315:Natural History, General and Particular 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 2657:were lower than those in cow milk. The 2560:Camel carrying supplies on its back in 2269:Current distribution of captive animals 1073: 1037:). The study showed the two tribes had 929:). The dromedary belongs to the family 14: 12981: 8005: 7654:"Slaughterhouses and humane treatment" 7473: 7448: 7331: 7299: 7274: 7223: 7153: 7124: 7080: 7064:The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus 7036: 6925: 6837: 6515: 6496: 6310: 5804: 5798: 5692: 5572: 5561: 5412: 5063: 4802: 4796: 4761: 4664: 4634: 4384: 4373: 4288: 4275: 4269: 4073: 4071: 3875: 3857:Williamson, G.; Payne, W.J.A. (1978). 3703: 3561: 2902: 2900: 1643: 1546: 1506:with the tip curving to the left. The 1398:, which are eventually replaced by 34 12642: 12641: 12363: 12222: 12114: 11983: 11982: 11588: 10671: 10206: 9663: 9125: 8271: 7857: 7779: 7622: 7515: 7454: 7334:"The camel as a meat and milk animal" 7193: 7135: 6968:from the original on 13 December 2013 6931: 6874: 6804: 6659:from the original on 29 February 2016 6521: 6349:"Research on the dromedary in Africa" 6276:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 5969:Paper Presented at Workshop on Camels 5942:The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 5926: 5552: 5546: 5516: 5471: 5432:. National Geographic. Archived from 5424:Chambers, Delaney (29 January 2017). 4978: 4589: 4502:Singh, U.B.; Bharadwaj, M.B. (1978). 4484: 4323: 4135: 4110: 3843: 3808: 3799: 3712: 3389: 3366:Systema Naturæ Per Regna Tria Naturae 3270: 3154: 3059: 3027: 3025: 2544:used by single riders and the Indian 1351:, a long facial part and an indented 12966:39FF5CE5-F340-42AD-B9AA-FF84032A6E55 9423: 7695:"Plague from eating raw camel liver" 7344:from the original on 3 February 2016 7287:from the original on 25 October 2012 7181:Matharu, B.S. (1966). "Camel care". 6862:from the original on 1 February 2016 6810: 6792:from the original on 2 February 2016 6748:from the original on 1 February 2016 6732:"Camel production systems in Africa" 6611: 6151: 6043: 6010: 5613: 5607: 5595:from the original on 3 February 2016 5283:10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.50.20659 5191:10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.36.20574 5076:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 4295:Sandhu, P.S.; Dhingra, L.D. (1986). 3765:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 3463:from the original on 2 February 2016 3141: 2749:A 2005 report issued jointly by the 1859:and deficiency of salt in the diet. 1538:. The grayish violet, crescent-like 12389: 8272: 7387:from the original on 22 August 2016 7089:Environmental Physiology of Animals 6905: 6641: 4311:from the original on 25 August 2017 4143:. Lincolnshire, UK: Haynes and Son. 4068: 4046:Check out the world's tallest camel 3949: 3322:from the original on 1 October 2017 2897: 2345: 1688:. Other internal parasites include 1271:. Unlike the camelids of the genus 690: 673: 24: 11589: 9126: 7277:"Milk production of the dromedary" 7217:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb13200.x 6398:Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader 6347:Wilson, R.T.; Bourzat, D. (1987). 5378:Experimental and Applied Acarology 5151:from the original on 19 April 2016 4881:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1972.tb00532.x 4706:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1971.tb00852.x 4614:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1971.tb00587.x 4478:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb03094.x 4336:Assiut Veterinary Medicine Journal 3543:Benirschke, K.; Hsu, T.C. (1974). 3353: 3094: 3022: 2953:(Ninth ed.). Chambers. 2003. 2610:, 4.4% lactose and 0.13% acidity ( 2470:also cited that, in his escape to 2377:, with smaller populations in the 1933:Dromedaries are primarily browsers 1631:is white, almond-shaped and lacks 1193: 941:(4th century BC) was the first to 25: 13100: 7741: 6908:"Camelus dromedarius (dromedary)" 6844:Kadim, I.T.; Maghoub, O. (2004). 6501:. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 223. 6139:from the original on 4 March 2016 4301:Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 3958:Journal of Archaeological Science 3916:Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 3545:An Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes 3377:from the original on 17 June 2018 2751:Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia) 2587: 2311:Food and Agriculture Organization 2219:Dromedaries near the base of the 1784:, which is not effective against 1316:Body for comparison with skeleton 1158:species, which migrated over the 631:; the word came into English via 13074:National symbols of Saudi Arabia 13064:Mammals of the Arabian Peninsula 12586: 7686: 7496: 7467: 7399: 7356: 7268: 7055: 7030: 7005: 6980: 6954: 6899: 6705: 6439: 6377:from the original on 7 June 2015 5701:from the original on 23 May 2009 5321:Entomological Society of America 4746:10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.212.2.341 4023:from the original on 3 July 2019 3928:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01011.x 3660: 3474: 2885:National symbols of Saudi Arabia 2859: 2845: 2810: 2805:Meat of dromedary served as food 2798: 2438: 2202:Islamic conquest of North Africa 1309: 1291: 969:. In 1927, British veterinarian 435: 370: 91: 8150:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 7658:Revue Scientifique et Technique 7505:Indian Journal of Daily Science 7306:Yasin, S.A.; Wahid, A. (1957). 6619:"Afghan Cameleers in Australia" 6389: 6356:Scientific and Technical Review 6304: 5868: 5813: 5722:Essentials Of Animal Physiology 5667: 5632: 5365: 5118: 4895: 4035: 3677:Cytogenetic and Genome Research 3609:Kohler-Rollefson, I.U. (1991). 3334: 3302: 3202: 3173: 2602:Dromedary being milked in Niger 2408:pastoralist tribes of northern 2096: 1498:Camel kidney (longitudinal cut) 1335:of the dromedary consists of a 1292: 925:) and the wild Bactrian camel ( 8939:Central American red brocket ( 7381:10.15567/mljekarstvo.2015.0202 7365:"Camel milk and milk products" 6881:Roth, H. H.; Merz, G. (1996). 5037:Preventive Veterinary Medicine 4733:American Journal of Physiology 3777:10.1086/soutjanth.11.3.3629022 3347:Harper and Brothers Publishers 3345:(3rd ed.). New York, US: 3341:Smith, W.; Anthon, C. (1870). 3215:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 3088: 2992: 2967: 2942: 2918:Johns Hopkins University Press 2910:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). 2147:A single calf is born after a 2063: 2059:Biology of the Dromedary Camel 1359:and four non-sternal pairs of 949:. He named two species in his 13: 1: 12248: 7545:10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.02.010 6948:10.1525/aa.1965.67.5.02a00030 6770:Köhler-Rollefson, I. (2005). 6266:ElWishy, A. B. (March 1988). 5893:10.1016/s1090-0233(05)80011-5 5820:Abdel-maksoud, Fatma (2019). 5782:. 10 May 2011. Archived from 5138:Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 5049:10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00055-7 3157:Walker's Mammals of the World 2890: 1355:. Typically, there are eight 1001:of the Bactrian camel) – and 981:and colleagues carried out a 541:where there are paintings in 537:about 4,000 years ago, or in 481:, with one hump on its back. 12612:List of domesticated animals 9646:Large subfamily listed below 9634:Large subfamily listed below 9622:Large subfamily listed below 7700:Emerging Infectious Diseases 7625:Camel Meat and Meat Products 7599:10.1016/0309-1740(94)90151-1 7363:Brezovečki, Andreja (2015). 7037:Archer, Christon I. (2002). 6885:. Springer. pp. 272–7. 6499:Atlas of the World's Deserts 6450:Nomads and the Outside World 6400:. Eisenbrauns. p. 120. 5996:10.1016/0300-9629(86)90471-8 5826:Microscopy and Microanalysis 5772:"Arabian (Dromedary) Camel ( 5653:10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.07.1173 5219:Emerging Infectious Diseases 4908:Microscopy and Microanalysis 4782:10.1016/0007-1935(85)90014-4 4443:10.1016/0003-9861(91)90339-K 4245:Rafferty, J.P., ed. (2011). 3978:10.1016/0305-4403(89)90011-3 1131: 1041:25 million years ago (early 659: 577:. These originated from the 552: 7: 13089:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 13069:National symbols of Eritrea 8141:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 8132:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 5697:. Sweden: Lund University. 5430:news.nationalgeographic.com 3811:"Reproduction in Camelidae" 3717:in the ancient Near East". 3446:): A Bibliographical Review 3439:Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). 3102:Online Etymology Dictionary 2838: 2665:in milk fat were 26.7% for 1750:Herd of dromedaries in the 1610:is covered by a triangular 1406:for permanent dentition is 1221: 979:Chinese Academy of Sciences 706:Taxonomy and classification 697: 680: 620: 601: 583: 10: 13105: 6446:Gellner, A. M. K. (1994). 5676:Australian Natural History 4770:British Veterinary Journal 4412:The Dentition of the Camel 3125:The Private Lives of Words 3033: 2880:List of animals with humps 2826:Camel hair, wool and hides 2789:) captured at the camel's 2712: 2591: 2552:Baggage and draught camels 2442: 2366:Silverton, New South Wales 2349: 1862: 1652:The dromedary is prone to 1282: 1077: 993:– consisting of the three 860:(domestic Bactrian camel) 652: 614: 32:Dromedary (disambiguation) 29: 13034:Mammals described in 1758 12650: 12595: 12584: 12397: 12329: 12291: 12256: 12189: 12161: 12137: 12128: 12124: 12110: 12077:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 12068:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 12056: 12005: 11992: 11978: 11942: 11918: 11894: 11885: 11767: 11734: 11710: 11677: 11653: 11632:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 11611: 11602: 11598: 11584: 11548: 11506: 11329: 11320: 11274: 11250: 11226: 11184: 11133: 11109: 11100: 11072: 11048: 11041: 10995: 10935: 10911: 10824: 10773: 10749: 10725: 10701: 10692: 10688: 10667: 10622: 10523: 10514: 10486: 10462: 10357: 10297: 10288: 10260: 10236: 10227: 10223: 10202: 10161: 10137: 10059: 10035: 10011: 9987: 9936: 9912: 9861: 9756: 9732: 9708: 9684: 9680: 9659: 9639: 9627: 9615: 9578: 9541: 9517: 9484: 9460: 9451: 9414: 9377: 9331: 9271: 9262: 9234: 9183: 9150: 9141: 9137: 9121: 9067: 9033: 8999: 8975: 8951: 8921:Amazonian brown brocket ( 8855: 8822: 8798: 8765: 8741: 8717: 8708: 8644: 8593: 8569: 8536: 8485: 8452: 8428: 8296: 8283: 8267: 8254:Large family listed below 8247: 8242:Large family listed below 8235: 8219:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 8162: 8120: 8096: 8087: 7996: 7941: 7917: 7908: 7871: 7867: 7853: 7815: 7457:World Animal Review (FAO) 7254:10.1017/S002202990003048X 7232:Journal of Dairy Research 7062:Whiston, William (2008). 6815:. Brill. pp. 144–9. 6396:Richard, Suzanne (2003). 6180:(inactive 18 July 2024). 6019:Addis Abab (Mimeographed) 5846:10.1017/S1431927619014557 4928:10.1017/S1431927620001786 4410:Rabagliati, D.S. (1924). 4348:10.21608/avmj.1985.190226 3452:. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 3256:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.050 2280: 2186:A herd of dromedaries in 1794:can cause possibly fatal 977:In 2007, Peng Cui of the 921:with the Bactrian camel ( 912:The dromedary shares the 853: 835: 815: 808: 790: 783: 758: 751: 732: 725: 608: 589: 240: 233: 223: 214: 193: 186: 88:Scientific classification 86: 77: 68: 55: 46: 41: 13019:Fauna of the Middle East 10318:Domestic water buffalo ( 8683:Central Asian red deer ( 8308:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 7039:World History of Warfare 6421:Bromiley, G. W. (1979). 4064:Largest species of camel 3731:10.1163/1568520041262314 2396:Relationship with humans 2170: 1005:, which consists of the 963:in his 1758 publication 226: 13049:Mammals of North Africa 12293:South American camelids 11196:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 10983:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 9088:Yucatan brown brocket ( 8317:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 8201:Philippine mouse-deer ( 7205:Journal of Food Science 7156:Sudan Notes and Records 6935:American Anthropologist 6719:. Rome: United Nations. 5720:Rastogi, S. C. (1971). 5573:Newman, D.M.R. (1979). 5074:) diseases in Jordan". 4803:Morton, W.R.M. (1961). 4001:The Camel and the Wheel 3885:; Schoch, R.M. (2002). 3192:Oxford University Press 3078:Oxford University Press 3049:A Greek–English Lexicon 2951:The Chambers Dictionary 2708: 2316: 2263:John Ainsworth Horrocks 2020:Cyamopsis tetragonolaba 1924: 1702:(tapeworm) and various 1618:is located high in the 1599:, with a crescent-like 1451:The skin is black; the 563: 11906:White-lipped peccary ( 11842:Philippine warty pig ( 11467:Yellow-backed duiker ( 11431:Black-fronted duiker ( 11404:White-bellied duiker ( 11025:Przewalski's gazelle ( 10248:Four-horned antelope ( 9046:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 8605:Visayan spotted deer ( 8464:European fallow deer ( 8407:Northern red muntjac ( 8353:Southern red muntjac ( 7713:10.3201/eid1109.050081 7652:Cortesi, M.L. (1994). 7425:10.1038/sj.jim.7000111 7275:Knoess, K. H. (1980). 7012:Hilliam, Paul (2004). 5231:10.3201/eid2007.140571 4212:Gauthier-Pilters, H.; 4060:Guinness World Records 3511:10.1098/rspb.1994.0041 3006:. 2011. Archived from 2757:details five cases of 2753:and the United States 2603: 2569: 2536: 2458: 2369: 2352:Australian feral camel 2329: 2227: 2191: 2114: 2106: 2073: 1996:Trichodesma zeylanicum 1934: 1886: 1830:hemorrhagic septicemia 1791:Cephalopsis titillator 1755: 1499: 1391: 1328: 1211: 1203: 842:(wild Bactrian camel) 642: 573: 459:;), also known as the 12935:Paleobiology Database 12607:Human uses of animals 12484:Search and rescue dog 12276:Australia populations 12258:Afro-Asiatic camelids 12086:Wild Bactrian camel ( 11788:Bornean bearded pig ( 11779:Palawan bearded pig ( 11368:White-legged duiker ( 10794:Red-fronted gazelle ( 8473:Persian fallow deer ( 8389:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 8062:Himalayan musk deer ( 7971:Reticulated giraffe ( 7671:10.20506/rst.13.1.759 7332:Knoess, K.H. (1977). 6992:www.perseus.tufts.edu 6853:ICAR Technical Series 6739:ICAR Technical Series 6623:Australian Government 6522:Kaegi, W. E. (2010). 6289:10.1530/jrf.0.0820587 6244:10.1530/jrf.0.1060185 6178:10.1136/vr.103.25.556 6100:World Rev. Anim. Prod 6069:10.1530/jrf.0.0740335 5916:Handbuch der Zoologie 5693:Vann Jones, Kerstin. 5501:10.1530/jrf.0.0580061 5024:(in French): 188–237. 4385:Wilson, R.T. (1988). 4096:10.1002/ar.1091430107 4084:The Anatomical Record 3828:10.1530/jrf.0.0220003 3188:UK English Dictionary 3074:UK English Dictionary 3040:Liddell, Henry George 2601: 2559: 2531: 2452: 2359: 2324: 2218: 2185: 2112: 2104: 2072:Footprint in dry sand 2071: 1975:. The dromedary eats 1932: 1870: 1749: 1716:. In a 2000 study in 1497: 1465:apocrine sweat glands 1394:The dromedary has 22 1389: 1375:. The dromedary is a 1326: 1209: 1201: 1084:The dromedary has 74 959:by Swedish zoologist 664:), ultimately from a 13084:Symbols of Rajasthan 12989:Domesticated animals 12474:Military working dog 12173:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 11833:Oliver's warty pig ( 11458:Red-flanked duiker ( 10863:Erlanger's gazelle ( 10583:Harnessed bushbuck ( 10309:Wild water buffalo ( 9786:East Caucasian tur ( 9777:West Caucasian tur ( 8930:Little red brocket ( 8398:Truong Son muntjac ( 8210:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 8192:Greater mouse-deer ( 8071:Siberian musk deer ( 7623:Kadim, I.T. (2013). 7566:Khatami, K. (1970). 7312:Agriculture Pakistan 6912:Animal Diversity Web 6730:Sghaier, M. (2004). 5879:) in Saudi Arabia". 5553:Field, C.R. (1979). 5528:Tierarztliche Praxis 5333:10.1093/aesa/saaa013 4354:on 28 February 2022. 4173:10.3390/genes8030102 3250:(11): 2502–2508.e5. 3155:Nowak, R.M. (1999). 2832:thermal conductivity 2246:and to the south of 2026:Melilotus parviflora 1972:Balanites aegyptiaca 1512:red blood corpuscles 1444:of the eyes contain 1074:Genetics and hybrids 13054:Mammals of Pakistan 13024:Fauna of the Sahara 12709:Camelus_dromedarius 12696:Camelus_dromedarius 12682:Camelus dromedarius 12652:Camelus dromedarius 12283:Wild Bactrian camel 11806:Celebes warty pig ( 11797:Visayan warty pig ( 11413:Red forest duiker ( 11145:Günther's dik-dik ( 11007:Mongolian gazelle ( 10812:Heuglin's gazelle ( 10803:Thomson's gazelle ( 9957:Long-tailed goral ( 9352:Mountain reedbuck ( 9343:Southern reedbuck ( 9195:East African oryx ( 9097:White-tailed deer ( 8876:Small red brocket ( 8843:South Andean deer ( 8786:Siberian roe deer ( 8777:European roe deer ( 8614:Philippine sambar ( 8581:Père David's deer ( 8183:Lesser mouse-deer ( 8044:Kashmir musk deer ( 7751:Camelus dromedarius 7627:. Oxfordshire, UK: 7583:Camelus dromedarius 7529:Camelus dromedarius 7474:Bonnet, P. (1998). 7338:World Animal Review 6497:Harris, N. (2003). 6270:Camelus dromedarius 6225:Camelus dromedarius 6160:Camelus dromedarius 6126:Animal Reproduction 5938:Camelus dromedarius 5877:Camelus dromedarius 5838:2019MiMic..25.1052A 5786:on 19 November 2012 5780:National Geographic 5774:Camelus dromedarius 5614:King, S.A. (2007). 5482:Camelus dromedarius 5457:Camelus dromedarius 5374:Camelus dromedarius 5129:Camelus dromedarius 5072:Camelus dromedarius 4920:2020MiMic..26.1024H 4863:Camelus dromedarius 4807:Camelus dromedarius 4598:Camelus dromedarius 4567:1962Natur.195..578D 4549:Camelus dromedarius 4507:Camelus dromedarius 4427:Camelus dromedarius 4080:Camelus dromedarius 3970:1989JArSc..16..355G 3613:Camelus dromedarius 3503:1994RSPSB.256....1S 3444:Camelus dromedarius 3084:on 29 January 2020. 2817:Camel slaughter in 2661:percentages of the 2464:Alexander the Great 2210:trans-Saharan trade 2044:Brassica campestris 2002:Euphorbia tannensis 1966:Launaea arborescens 1820:pulmonary disorders 1780:were injected with 1761:Hyalomma dromedarii 1644:Health and diseases 1547:Reproductive system 1255:supraorbital ridges 1187:Columbia University 957:Camelus dromedarius 794:Camelus dromedarius 494:wild Bactrian camel 360:Camelus dromedarius 197:Camelus dromedarius 179:C. dromedarius 71:Conservation status 13059:Mammals of Somalia 11954:Collared peccary ( 11824:Flores warty pig ( 11665:Giant forest hog ( 11527:Maxwell's duiker ( 11449:Ruwenzori duiker ( 11395:Jentink's duiker ( 11304:Sharpe's grysbok ( 11060:Tibetan antelope ( 10965:Bright's gazelle ( 10899:Goitered gazelle ( 10872:Mountain gazelle ( 10845:Cuvier's gazelle ( 10785:Mongalla gazelle ( 10173:Pyrenean chamois ( 9599:Tibetan antelope ( 9553:Black wildebeest ( 8380:Reeves's muntjac ( 8344:Sumatran muntjac ( 8335:Gongshan muntjac ( 8108:Water chevrotain ( 8035:Alpine musk deer ( 7962:Southern giraffe ( 7953:Northern giraffe ( 7631:. pp. 54–72. 5881:Veterinary Journal 5390:10.1007/BF00053490 5022:Paris: Vigotfreres 4998:on 6 February 2016 4821:Journal of Anatomy 4811:Camelus bactrianus 4466:Journal of Zoology 3809:Novoa, C. (1970). 3715:Camelus bactrianus 3456:. pp. 1–147. 2979:www.dictionary.com 2786:Xenopsylla cheopis 2783:) and from fleas ( 2765:and submandibular 2604: 2570: 2537: 2459: 2433:medicinal purposes 2383:Western Queensland 2379:Northern Territory 2370: 2330: 2228: 2223:mountain range in 2192: 2115: 2107: 2087:fat metabolization 2074: 2008:Vigna aconitifolia 1935: 1887: 1756: 1691:Fasciola gigantica 1581:Bartholin's glands 1500: 1392: 1329: 1212: 1204: 1108:. The dromedary's 952:History of Animals 857:Camelus bactrianus 13039:Mammals of Africa 12976: 12975: 12922:Open Tree of Life 12644:Taxon identifiers 12635: 12634: 12357: 12356: 12279: 12216: 12215: 12212: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12185: 12184: 12106: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12098: 12097: 11974: 11973: 11970: 11969: 11966: 11965: 11930:Chacoan peccary ( 11881: 11880: 11869:Javan warty pig ( 11860:Timor warty pig ( 11667:H. meinertzhageni 11641:Togian babirusa ( 11580: 11579: 11576: 11575: 11572: 11571: 11536:Walter's duiker ( 11476:Abbott's duiker ( 11440:Ogilby's duiker ( 11386:Harvey's duiker ( 11350:Brooke's duiker ( 11316: 11315: 11096: 11095: 11037: 11036: 10974:Peter's gazelle ( 10956:Grant's gazelle ( 10890:Speke's gazelle ( 10663: 10662: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10540: 10510: 10509: 10498:African buffalo ( 10329:B. depressicornis 10284: 10283: 10198: 10197: 10194: 10193: 9966:Himalayan goral ( 9788:C. cylindricornis 9655: 9654: 9651: 9650: 9611: 9610: 9574: 9573: 9562:Blue wildebeest ( 9496:Common tsessebe ( 9447: 9446: 9410: 9409: 9373: 9372: 9285:K. ellipsiprymnus 9258: 9257: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9057:P. mephistophiles 9013:P. mephistophiles 8704: 8703: 8400:M. truongsonensis 8362:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 8263: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8231: 8230: 8174:Java mouse-deer ( 8083: 8082: 8053:Black musk deer ( 8026:Dwarf musk deer ( 8017:Anhui musk deer ( 7992: 7991: 7955:G. camelopardalis 7904: 7903: 7638:978-1-78064-101-0 7489:978-2-87614-307-4 7098:978-0-632-00416-4 7073:978-0-89051-549-5 6906:Naumann, Robert. 6892:978-3-540-61357-2 6822:978-90-04-16819-0 6811:Geer, A. (2008). 6560:978-0-7099-1609-3 6535:978-0-521-19677-2 6508:978-0-203-49166-9 6465:978-0-299-14284-1 6432:978-0-8028-3781-3 6425:. W.B. Eerdmans. 6165:Veterinary Record 6056:J. Reprod. Fertil 5757:978-1-58603-473-3 5625:978-0-9803983-0-4 4526:10.1159/000145621 4396:978-0-582-77512-1 4262:978-1-615-30336-6 4231:978-0-226-28453-8 4016:978-0-231-07235-9 3896:978-0-8018-7135-1 3868:978-0-582-46813-9 3689:10.1159/000129967 3623:Mammalian Species 3554:978-1-4615-6432-4 3295:978-1-4214-0093-8 3286:Ungulate Taxonomy 3218:. Merriam-Webster 3198:on 22 March 2020. 3166:978-0-8018-5789-8 3134:978-0-7102-0006-8 3095:Harper, Douglas. 2927:978-0-8018-8221-0 2375:Western Australia 2362:outback Australia 2157:induced ovulators 1889:The dromedary is 1800:nervous disorders 1796:brain compression 1390:A dromedary skull 1347:, a well-defined 910: 909: 905: 904: 896: 895: 887: 886: 878: 877: 869: 868: 822:Camelus knoblochi 598: 535:Arabian Peninsula 351: 350: 344: 336: 325: 317: 309: 301: 293: 282: 271: 259: 246: 81: 16:(Redirected from 13096: 12969: 12968: 12956: 12955: 12943: 12942: 12930: 12929: 12917: 12916: 12904: 12903: 12891: 12890: 12888:NHMSYS0020975292 12878: 12877: 12865: 12864: 12852: 12851: 12839: 12838: 12826: 12825: 12813: 12812: 12800: 12799: 12787: 12786: 12774: 12773: 12761: 12760: 12748: 12747: 12735: 12734: 12722: 12721: 12712: 12711: 12699: 12698: 12686: 12685: 12684: 12671: 12670: 12669: 12639: 12638: 12590: 12384: 12377: 12370: 12361: 12360: 12273: 12243: 12236: 12229: 12220: 12219: 12135: 12134: 12126: 12125: 12112: 12111: 12003: 12002: 11994: 11993: 11980: 11979: 11892: 11891: 11698:Common warthog ( 11689:Desert warthog ( 11609: 11608: 11600: 11599: 11586: 11585: 11485:Weyns's duiker ( 11359:Peters' duiker ( 11341:Aders's duiker ( 11327: 11326: 11214:Royal antelope ( 11172:Salt's dik-dik ( 11163:Silver dik-dik ( 11154:Kirk's dik-dik ( 11107: 11106: 11084:Saiga antelope ( 11046: 11045: 10985:N. soemmerringii 10854:Dorcas gazelle ( 10699: 10698: 10690: 10689: 10683: 10669: 10668: 10556:Mountain nyala ( 10539: 10538: 10530: 10521: 10520: 10476:P. nghetinhensis 10378:European bison ( 10369:American bison ( 10295: 10294: 10234: 10233: 10225: 10224: 10218: 10204: 10203: 10080:Domestic sheep ( 9924:Himalayan tahr ( 9891:Mainland serow ( 9873:Japanese serow ( 9682: 9681: 9675: 9661: 9660: 9585: 9584: 9458: 9457: 9421: 9420: 9384: 9383: 9361:Bohor reedbuck ( 9269: 9268: 9248:A. nasomaculatus 9171:Sable antelope ( 9148: 9147: 9139: 9138: 9132: 9123: 9122: 8885:Merida brocket ( 8715: 8714: 8656:Thorold's deer ( 8508:A. calamianensis 8391:M. rooseveltorum 8337:M. gongshanensis 8294: 8293: 8285: 8284: 8278: 8269: 8268: 8094: 8093: 8003: 8002: 7982:G. tippelskirchi 7915: 7914: 7878: 7877: 7869: 7868: 7855: 7854: 7800: 7793: 7786: 7777: 7776: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7735: 7734: 7724: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7673: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7524: 7513: 7512: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7427: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7329: 7320: 7319: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7247: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7200: 7191: 7190: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7151: 7142: 7141: 7133: 7122: 7121: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7034: 7028: 7027: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6929: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6861: 6850: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6791: 6776: 6767: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6747: 6736: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6684: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6629:on 5 August 2016 6625:. Archived from 6615: 6609: 6608: 6598: 6596:10.3390/d2040561 6574: 6565: 6564: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6479: 6470: 6469: 6453: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6376: 6353: 6344: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6291: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6246: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6205: 6197: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6123: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6095: 6082: 6081: 6071: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6032: 6023: 6022: 6014: 6008: 6007: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5832:(4): 1052–1060. 5817: 5811: 5810: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5579: 5570: 5559: 5558: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5523: 5514: 5513: 5503: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5436:on 23 April 2017 5421: 5410: 5409: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5352: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5285: 5269:Eurosurveillance 5259: 5253: 5252: 5242: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5193: 5177:Eurosurveillance 5167: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5150: 5135: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5017: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4997: 4990: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4957: 4948: 4947: 4914:(5): 1024–1034. 4899: 4893: 4892: 4856: 4847: 4846: 4836: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4748: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4662: 4653: 4652: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4575:10.1038/195578a0 4561:(4841): 578–80. 4544: 4538: 4537: 4511: 4499: 4482: 4481: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4382: 4371: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4350:. Archived from 4327: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4223: 4209: 4196: 4195: 4185: 4175: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4133: 4108: 4107: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4004: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3854: 3841: 3840: 3830: 3806: 3797: 3796: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3648: 3642:. Archived from 3619: 3606: 3559: 3558: 3540: 3531: 3530: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3462: 3451: 3436: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3194:. Archived from 3177: 3171: 3170: 3152: 3139: 3138: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3080:. Archived from 3063: 3057: 3036: 3035: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2916:(3rd ed.). 2904: 2869: 2864: 2863: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2814: 2802: 2781:Meriones libycus 2679:palmitoleic acid 2643:pantothenic acid 2346:Feral population 2327:Punjab, Pakistan 2155:Dromedaries are 2149:gestation period 1960:Panicum turgidum 1948:Aristida pungens 1884:Édouard Verreaux 1730:ovine rinderpest 1698:), two types of 1679:Brucella abortus 1633:seminal vesicles 1597:epitheliochorial 1481:sebaceous glands 1427: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1371:is reduced to a 1313: 1297: 1296: 1224: 1122:first generation 819: 811: 810: 786: 785: 762: 754: 753: 728: 727: 720: 719: 710: 709: 700: 693: 692: 683: 676: 675: 662: 655: 654: 645: 623: 617: 616: 611: 610: 604: 594: 592: 591: 586: 576: 566: 509: 508: 504: 501: 469:one-humped camel 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 434: 426: 425: 422: 421: 418: 415: 412: 409: 404: 403: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 376: 369: 342: 331: 329:C. turcomanichus 323: 315: 307: 299: 288: 277: 265: 254: 244: 229: 227: 219: 199: 96: 95: 80: 51: 39: 38: 27:One-humped camel 21: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13098: 13097: 13095: 13094: 13093: 13044:Mammals of Asia 13009:Fauna of Jordan 12979: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12964: 12959: 12951: 12946: 12938: 12933: 12925: 12920: 12912: 12909:Observation.org 12907: 12899: 12894: 12886: 12881: 12873: 12868: 12860: 12855: 12847: 12842: 12834: 12829: 12821: 12816: 12808: 12803: 12795: 12790: 12782: 12777: 12769: 12764: 12756: 12751: 12743: 12738: 12730: 12725: 12717: 12715: 12707: 12702: 12694: 12689: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12665: 12664: 12659: 12646: 12636: 12631: 12622:Military animal 12591: 12582: 12393: 12391:Working animals 12388: 12358: 12353: 12325: 12287: 12252: 12247: 12217: 12204: 12181: 12157: 12120: 12094: 12052: 11988: 11962: 11938: 11914: 11877: 11844:S. philippensis 11781:S. ahoenobarbus 11763: 11755:Red river hog ( 11730: 11706: 11673: 11649: 11623:Buru babirusa ( 11594: 11568: 11560:Common duiker ( 11544: 11502: 11312: 11270: 11246: 11222: 11180: 11129: 11092: 11068: 11033: 11018:P. picticaudata 10991: 10931: 10907: 10901:G. subgutturosa 10820: 10769: 10745: 10721: 10684: 10673: 10651: 10618: 10610:Cape bushbuck ( 10603:T. strepsiceros 10532: 10531: 10529: 10506: 10482: 10458: 10353: 10345:Mountain anoa ( 10280: 10274:B. tragocamelus 10256: 10250:T. quadricornis 10219: 10208: 10190: 10157: 10133: 10089:Bighorn sheep ( 10055: 10031: 10007: 9999:Mountain goat ( 9983: 9975:Chinese goral ( 9932: 9908: 9893:C. sumatraensis 9857: 9840:Siberian ibex ( 9804:Domestic goat ( 9752: 9728: 9704: 9696:Barbary sheep ( 9676: 9665: 9647: 9635: 9623: 9607: 9570: 9537: 9513: 9480: 9443: 9406: 9369: 9327: 9254: 9230: 9204:Scimitar oryx ( 9179: 9162:Roan antelope ( 9133: 9127: 9105: 9063: 9055:Northern pudu ( 9029: 9021:Southern pudu ( 9011:Northern pudu ( 8995: 8971: 8947: 8912:Pygmy brocket ( 8894:Dwarf brocket ( 8851: 8818: 8794: 8761: 8737: 8700: 8640: 8589: 8565: 8532: 8506:Calamian deer ( 8481: 8475:D. mesopotamica 8448: 8424: 8418:M. vuquangensis 8416:Giant muntjac ( 8326:Fea's muntjac ( 8279: 8273: 8255: 8243: 8227: 8158: 8116: 8079: 8037:M. chrysogaster 7988: 7980:Masai giraffe ( 7937: 7900: 7863: 7849: 7811: 7804: 7761: 7759: 7747: 7744: 7739: 7738: 7691: 7687: 7650: 7646: 7639: 7621: 7614: 7579: 7575: 7564: 7560: 7525: 7516: 7501: 7497: 7490: 7472: 7468: 7453: 7449: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7361: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7330: 7323: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7273: 7269: 7245:10.1.1.536.8232 7228: 7224: 7201: 7194: 7179: 7175: 7152: 7145: 7134: 7125: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7035: 7031: 7024: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6930: 6926: 6916: 6914: 6904: 6900: 6893: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6848: 6842: 6838: 6823: 6809: 6805: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6774: 6768: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6734: 6728: 6724: 6710: 6706: 6699: 6685: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6495: 6491: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6419: 6415: 6408: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6351: 6345: 6334: 6326:10.1.1.137.2350 6309: 6305: 6264: 6260: 6219: 6215: 6199: 6198: 6156: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6121: 6115: 6111: 6096: 6085: 6048: 6044: 6033: 6026: 6015: 6011: 5980: 5976: 5965: 5961: 5934: 5927: 5912: 5908: 5873: 5869: 5818: 5814: 5803: 5799: 5789: 5787: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5743: 5739: 5732: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5691: 5687: 5672: 5668: 5637: 5633: 5626: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5577: 5571: 5562: 5551: 5547: 5524: 5517: 5476: 5472: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5422: 5413: 5370: 5366: 5303: 5299: 5260: 5256: 5211: 5207: 5168: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5133: 5123: 5119: 5068: 5064: 5033: 5029: 5018: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4977: 4973: 4958: 4951: 4900: 4896: 4857: 4850: 4801: 4797: 4766: 4762: 4725: 4721: 4690: 4686: 4663: 4656: 4633: 4629: 4594: 4590: 4545: 4541: 4500: 4485: 4462: 4458: 4423: 4419: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4383: 4374: 4363: 4359: 4328: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4293: 4289: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4210: 4199: 4152: 4148: 4134: 4111: 4076: 4069: 4058: 4051: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4017: 3992: 3985: 3954: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3855: 3844: 3807: 3800: 3761: 3757: 3742: 3738: 3711: 3704: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3632:10.2307/3504297 3617: 3607: 3562: 3555: 3541: 3534: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3449: 3437: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3358: 3354: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3275: 3271: 3244:Current Biology 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3153: 3142: 3135: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3093: 3089: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3054:Perseus Project 3030: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3010:on 3 March 2021 2998: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2928: 2920:. p. 646. 2905: 2898: 2893: 2865: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2841: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2806: 2803: 2772:Yersinia pestis 2717: 2711: 2639: 2596: 2590: 2554: 2453:Dromedaries at 2447: 2441: 2402:Richard Bulliet 2398: 2387:South Australia 2360:A dromedary in 2354: 2348: 2325:Dromedaries in 2319: 2283: 2271: 2173: 2099: 2066: 2061: 2051:opening of the 1954:Acacia tortilis 1927: 1865: 1809:Corynebacterium 1714:sarcoptic mange 1654:trypanosomiasis 1646: 1595:is diffuse and 1549: 1419: 1418: 1408: 1407: 1400:permanent teeth 1365:sacral vertebra 1337:postorbital bar 1327:Dromedary heart 1321: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1285: 1237:dromedaries in 1196: 1194:Characteristics 1183:Richard Bulliet 1134: 1098:submetacentrics 1082: 1076: 966:Systema Naturae 945:the species of 906: 897: 888: 879: 870: 708: 668:source akin to 555: 506: 502: 499: 497: 475:, of the genus 461:dromedary camel 438: 429: 428: 406: 373: 364: 363: 347: 248: 247: 225: 224: 210: 201: 195: 182: 90: 82: 73: 62:Sinai Peninsula 56:Dromedary in a 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13102: 13092: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13014:Fauna of Syria 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12974: 12973: 12971: 12970: 12957: 12944: 12931: 12918: 12905: 12892: 12879: 12866: 12853: 12840: 12827: 12814: 12801: 12788: 12775: 12762: 12749: 12736: 12723: 12713: 12700: 12687: 12672: 12656: 12654: 12648: 12647: 12633: 12632: 12630: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12599:Related topics 12596: 12593: 12592: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12434:Assistance dog 12426: 12425: 12424: 12419: 12417:Bactrian camel 12409: 12404: 12402:Asian elephant 12398: 12395: 12394: 12387: 12386: 12379: 12372: 12364: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12335: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12297: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12268: 12266:Bactrian camel 12262: 12260: 12254: 12253: 12246: 12245: 12238: 12231: 12223: 12214: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12202: 12195: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12183: 12182: 12180: 12179: 12175:C. liberiensis 12169: 12167: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12155: 12149:Hippopotamus ( 12145: 12143: 12132: 12130:Hippopotamidae 12122: 12121: 12108: 12107: 12104: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12092: 12083: 12079:C. dromedarius 12074: 12064: 12062: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12050: 12041: 12032: 12023: 12013: 12011: 12000: 11990: 11989: 11976: 11975: 11972: 11971: 11968: 11967: 11964: 11963: 11961: 11960: 11950: 11948: 11940: 11939: 11937: 11936: 11926: 11924: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11912: 11902: 11900: 11889: 11883: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11875: 11866: 11862:S. timoriensis 11857: 11848: 11839: 11830: 11821: 11815:Domestic pig ( 11812: 11803: 11794: 11785: 11775: 11773: 11765: 11764: 11762: 11761: 11752: 11742: 11740: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11728: 11718: 11716: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11704: 11695: 11691:P. aethiopicus 11685: 11683: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11671: 11661: 11659: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11647: 11643:B. togeanensis 11638: 11629: 11619: 11617: 11606: 11596: 11595: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11566: 11556: 11554: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11533: 11524: 11514: 11512: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11494:Zebra duiker ( 11491: 11482: 11473: 11469:C. silvicultor 11464: 11455: 11446: 11437: 11428: 11422:Black duiker ( 11419: 11410: 11406:C. leucogaster 11401: 11392: 11383: 11374: 11365: 11356: 11347: 11337: 11335: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11314: 11313: 11311: 11310: 11301: 11295:Cape grysbok ( 11292: 11282: 11280: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11268: 11258: 11256: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11244: 11238:Klipspringer ( 11234: 11232: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11220: 11211: 11202: 11192: 11190: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11178: 11169: 11165:M. piacentinii 11160: 11151: 11141: 11139: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11127: 11117: 11115: 11104: 11098: 11097: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11080: 11078: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11043: 11039: 11038: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11031: 11027:P. przewalskii 11022: 11013: 11003: 11001: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10989: 10980: 10971: 10962: 10953: 10947:Dama gazelle ( 10943: 10941: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10929: 10919: 10917: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10896: 10887: 10881:Rhim gazelle ( 10878: 10869: 10860: 10851: 10842: 10832: 10830: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10809: 10800: 10791: 10781: 10779: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10757: 10755: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10743: 10739:A. marsupialis 10733: 10731: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10719: 10709: 10707: 10696: 10686: 10685: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10657: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10649: 10643:Common eland ( 10640: 10630: 10628: 10620: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10607: 10601:Greater kudu ( 10598: 10589: 10580: 10571: 10562: 10553: 10543: 10541: 10518: 10512: 10511: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10504: 10494: 10492: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10470: 10468: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10456: 10447: 10438: 10429: 10420: 10414:Domestic yak ( 10411: 10402: 10393: 10384: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10342: 10338:B. mindorensis 10333: 10327:Lowland anoa ( 10324: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10292: 10286: 10285: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10278: 10268: 10266: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10254: 10244: 10242: 10231: 10221: 10220: 10200: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10188: 10179: 10169: 10167: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10145: 10143: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10131: 10122: 10113: 10104: 10095: 10086: 10077: 10067: 10065: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10047:Nilgiri tahr ( 10043: 10041: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10019: 10017: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10005: 9995: 9993: 9985: 9984: 9982: 9981: 9972: 9963: 9954: 9944: 9942: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9906: 9900:Taiwan serow ( 9897: 9888: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9855: 9846: 9837: 9831:Iberian ibex ( 9828: 9819: 9810: 9801: 9792: 9783: 9774: 9764: 9762: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9750: 9740: 9738: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9726: 9720:Arabian tahr ( 9716: 9714: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9702: 9692: 9690: 9678: 9677: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9637: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9613: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9595: 9593: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9568: 9559: 9549: 9547: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9535: 9525: 9523: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9511: 9502: 9492: 9490: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9441: 9431: 9429: 9418: 9412: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9394: 9392: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9358: 9354:R. fulvorufula 9349: 9339: 9337: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9325: 9316: 9307: 9298: 9289: 9279: 9277: 9266: 9260: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9222:Arabian oryx ( 9219: 9210: 9201: 9191: 9189: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9168: 9158: 9156: 9145: 9135: 9134: 9119: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9111: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9103: 9099:O. virginianus 9094: 9085: 9075: 9073: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9018: 9007: 9005: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8993: 8983: 8981: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8969: 8965:O. bezoarticus 8959: 8957: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8936: 8927: 8918: 8909: 8905:M. gouazoubira 8903:Gray brocket ( 8900: 8891: 8882: 8873: 8863: 8861: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8840: 8830: 8828: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8816: 8806: 8804: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8783: 8773: 8771: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8689: 8680: 8671: 8662: 8658:C. albirostris 8652: 8650: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8629: 8620: 8611: 8601: 8599: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8577: 8575: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8521: 8512: 8503: 8493: 8491: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8470: 8460: 8458: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8446: 8442:E. cephalophus 8436: 8434: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8413: 8404: 8395: 8386: 8377: 8371:Leaf muntjac ( 8368: 8364:M. puhoatensis 8359: 8350: 8341: 8332: 8323: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8291: 8281: 8280: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8245: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8221:T. williamsoni 8216: 8207: 8198: 8189: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8147: 8138: 8128: 8126: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8104: 8102: 8091: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8073:M. moschiferus 8068: 8064:M. leucogaster 8059: 8050: 8041: 8032: 8028:M. berezovskii 8023: 8013: 8011: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7977: 7968: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7925: 7923: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7888: 7886: 7875: 7873:Antilocapridae 7865: 7864: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7847: 7845:Laurasiatheria 7841: 7835: 7829: 7823: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7803: 7802: 7795: 7788: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7743: 7742:External links 7740: 7737: 7736: 7685: 7644: 7637: 7612: 7573: 7558: 7514: 7495: 7488: 7466: 7447: 7398: 7355: 7321: 7298: 7267: 7222: 7192: 7183:Indian Farming 7173: 7143: 7123: 7104: 7097: 7079: 7072: 7054: 7047: 7029: 7022: 7004: 6979: 6964:. Sunnah.com. 6953: 6942:(5): 1132–50. 6924: 6898: 6891: 6873: 6836: 6821: 6803: 6759: 6722: 6704: 6697: 6670: 6640: 6610: 6566: 6559: 6541: 6534: 6514: 6507: 6489: 6471: 6464: 6438: 6431: 6413: 6406: 6388: 6332: 6303: 6258: 6213: 6150: 6109: 6083: 6062:(2): 335–339. 6042: 6039:. ILCA: 1–105. 6024: 6009: 5974: 5959: 5948:(12): 1092–4. 5925: 5906: 5867: 5812: 5797: 5763: 5756: 5737: 5730: 5712: 5685: 5666: 5631: 5624: 5606: 5560: 5545: 5515: 5470: 5447: 5411: 5364: 5297: 5254: 5205: 5162: 5117: 5062: 5027: 5009: 4971: 4949: 4894: 4848: 4795: 4760: 4719: 4684: 4673:(912): 182–4. 4654: 4627: 4588: 4539: 4514:Acta Anatomica 4483: 4456: 4417: 4402: 4395: 4372: 4357: 4322: 4287: 4268: 4261: 4237: 4230: 4197: 4146: 4109: 4067: 4049: 4034: 4015: 3983: 3948: 3922:(5): 479–480. 3902: 3895: 3874: 3867: 3842: 3798: 3755: 3736: 3702: 3667: 3649:on 21 May 2013 3560: 3553: 3532: 3481: 3388: 3352: 3349:. p. 204. 3333: 3301: 3294: 3269: 3229: 3201: 3172: 3165: 3140: 3133: 3115: 3087: 3058: 3021: 2991: 2966: 2959: 2941: 2926: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2867:Mammals portal 2856: 2853:Animals portal 2840: 2837: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2816: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2797: 2759:bubonic plague 2713:Main article: 2710: 2707: 2637: 2592:Main article: 2589: 2588:Dairy products 2586: 2553: 2550: 2443:Main article: 2440: 2437: 2412:, such as the 2397: 2394: 2350:Main article: 2347: 2344: 2318: 2315: 2297:, followed by 2291:Horn of Africa 2282: 2279: 2270: 2267: 2240:Canary Islands 2232:Canary Islands 2172: 2169: 2098: 2095: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 1926: 1923: 1864: 1861: 1770:their questing 1712:species cause 1670:seroprevalence 1645: 1642: 1637:prostate gland 1629:Cowper's gland 1548: 1545: 1528:breathing rate 1489:mammary glands 1473:arrector pilli 1461:fibrous tissue 1404:dental formula 1373:malleolar bone 1349:sagittal crest 1341:tympanic bulla 1315: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1299: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1249:allele of the 1195: 1192: 1133: 1130: 1078:Main article: 1075: 1072: 989:of Camelidae; 908: 907: 903: 902: 899: 898: 894: 893: 890: 889: 885: 884: 881: 880: 876: 875: 872: 871: 867: 866: 863: 862: 852: 849: 848: 845: 844: 834: 831: 830: 827: 826: 814: 809: 807: 804: 803: 800: 799: 789: 784: 782: 774: 773: 770: 769: 757: 752: 750: 744: 743: 740: 739: 731: 726: 724: 718: 714: 713: 707: 704: 621:dromas kamelos 615:δρομάς κάμηλος 554: 551: 526:of 15 months. 512:fibrous tissue 490:Bactrian camel 349: 348: 346: 345: 343:Kolenati, 1847 337: 326: 324:Kolenati, 1847 321:C. polytrichus 318: 316:Kolenati, 1847 310: 302: 294: 283: 272: 260: 252:C. aegyptiacus 243: 242: 241: 238: 237: 231: 230: 221: 220: 212: 211: 202: 191: 190: 184: 183: 176: 174: 170: 169: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 84: 83: 78: 75: 74: 69: 66: 65: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13101: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13004:Fauna of Iraq 13002: 13000: 12999:Fauna of Iran 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12967: 12962: 12958: 12954: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12936: 12932: 12928: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12910: 12906: 12902: 12897: 12893: 12889: 12884: 12880: 12876: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12858: 12854: 12850: 12845: 12841: 12837: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12754: 12750: 12746: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12728: 12724: 12720: 12714: 12710: 12705: 12701: 12697: 12692: 12688: 12683: 12677: 12673: 12668: 12662: 12658: 12657: 12655: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12640: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12604: 12601: 12598: 12597: 12594: 12589: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12573:Water buffalo 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12439:Detection dog 12437: 12435: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12427: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12414: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12399: 12396: 12392: 12385: 12380: 12378: 12373: 12371: 12366: 12365: 12362: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12332: 12328: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12281: 12277: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12259: 12255: 12251: 12244: 12239: 12237: 12232: 12230: 12225: 12224: 12221: 12201: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12154: 12152: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12113: 12109: 12091: 12089: 12084: 12082: 12080: 12075: 12073: 12071: 12070:C. bactrianus 12066: 12065: 12063: 12061: 12060: 12055: 12049: 12047: 12042: 12040: 12038: 12033: 12031: 12029: 12024: 12022: 12020: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12010: 12009: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11987: 11981: 11977: 11959: 11957: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11946: 11941: 11935: 11933: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11911: 11909: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11871:S. verrucosus 11867: 11865: 11863: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11849: 11847: 11845: 11840: 11838: 11836: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11822: 11820: 11818: 11817:S. domesticus 11813: 11811: 11809: 11808:S. celebensis 11804: 11802: 11800: 11795: 11793: 11791: 11786: 11784: 11782: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11772: 11771: 11766: 11760: 11758: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11739: 11738: 11737:Potamochoerus 11733: 11727: 11725: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11714: 11709: 11703: 11701: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11687: 11686: 11684: 11682: 11681: 11676: 11670: 11668: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11658: 11657: 11652: 11646: 11644: 11639: 11637: 11635: 11634:B. celebensis 11630: 11628: 11626: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11615: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11593: 11587: 11583: 11565: 11563: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11541: 11539: 11534: 11532: 11530: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11518:Blue duiker ( 11516: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11510: 11505: 11499: 11497: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11433:C. nigrifrons 11429: 11427: 11425: 11420: 11418: 11416: 11415:C. natalensis 11411: 11409: 11407: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11384: 11382: 11380: 11375: 11373: 11371: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11361:C. callipygus 11357: 11355: 11353: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11319: 11309: 11307: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11288:R. campestris 11284: 11283: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11255: 11254: 11249: 11243: 11241: 11240:O. oreotragus 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11230: 11225: 11219: 11217: 11212: 11210: 11208: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11194: 11193: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11177: 11175: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11138: 11137: 11132: 11126: 11124: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11114: 11113: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11099: 11089: 11087: 11082: 11081: 11079: 11077: 11076: 11071: 11065: 11063: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11053: 11052: 11047: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10994: 10988: 10986: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10939: 10934: 10928: 10926: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10910: 10904: 10902: 10897: 10895: 10893: 10888: 10886: 10884: 10883:G. leptoceros 10879: 10877: 10875: 10870: 10868: 10866: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10852: 10850: 10848: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10828: 10823: 10817: 10815: 10810: 10808: 10806: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10787:E. albonotata 10783: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10777: 10772: 10766: 10764: 10763:A. cervicapra 10759: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10753: 10748: 10742: 10740: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10729: 10724: 10718: 10716: 10711: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10681: 10677: 10670: 10666: 10648: 10646: 10641: 10639: 10637: 10634:Giant eland ( 10632: 10631: 10629: 10627: 10626: 10621: 10615: 10613: 10612:T. sylvaticus 10608: 10606: 10604: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10590: 10588: 10586: 10581: 10579: 10577: 10574:Lesser kudu ( 10572: 10570: 10568: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10545: 10544: 10542: 10536: 10528: 10527: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10513: 10503: 10501: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10461: 10455: 10453: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10439: 10437: 10435: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10412: 10410: 10408: 10403: 10401: 10399: 10394: 10392: 10390: 10389:B. domesticus 10387:Bali cattle ( 10385: 10383: 10381: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10350: 10348: 10343: 10341: 10339: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10301: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10287: 10277: 10275: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10253: 10251: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10216: 10212: 10205: 10201: 10187: 10185: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10154: 10152: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10130: 10128: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10091:O. canadensis 10087: 10085: 10083: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10063: 10058: 10052: 10050: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10039: 10038:Nilgiritragus 10034: 10028: 10026: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10004: 10002: 10001:O. americanus 9997: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9986: 9980: 9978: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9940: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9926:H. jemlahicus 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9905: 9903: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9854: 9852: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9822:Nubian ibex ( 9820: 9818: 9816: 9813:Alpine ibex ( 9811: 9809: 9807: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9749: 9747: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9701: 9699: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9688: 9683: 9679: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9658: 9644: 9642: 9638: 9632: 9630: 9626: 9620: 9618: 9614: 9604: 9602: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9591: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9580:Pantholopinae 9577: 9567: 9565: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9531:A. buselaphus 9527: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9510: 9508: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9488: 9483: 9477: 9475: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9438: 9435:Grey rhebok ( 9433: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9427: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9413: 9403: 9401: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9390: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9379:Aepycerotinae 9376: 9366: 9364: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9324: 9322: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9310:Nile lechwe ( 9308: 9306: 9304: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9251: 9249: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9227: 9225: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9143:Hippotraginae 9140: 9136: 9131: 9124: 9120: 9102: 9100: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9060: 9058: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9026: 9024: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8998: 8992: 8990: 8989:B. dichotomus 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8979: 8974: 8968: 8966: 8963:Pampas deer ( 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8950: 8944: 8942: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8923:M. nemorivaga 8919: 8917: 8915: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8867:Red brocket ( 8865: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8859: 8854: 8848: 8846: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8836:H. antisensis 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8821: 8815: 8813: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8797: 8791: 8789: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8758: 8756: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8734: 8732: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8695: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8676:C. canadensis 8672: 8670: 8668: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8643: 8637: 8635: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8625:R. timorensis 8621: 8619: 8617: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8597: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8583:E. davidianus 8579: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8573: 8568: 8562: 8560: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8550:R. duvaucelii 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8529: 8527: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8515:Bawean deer ( 8513: 8511: 8509: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8445: 8443: 8440:Tufted deer ( 8438: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8421: 8419: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8373:M. putaoensis 8369: 8367: 8365: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8319:M. crinifrons 8315: 8313: 8311: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8277: 8270: 8266: 8252: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8212:T. versicolor 8208: 8206: 8204: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8155: 8153: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8113: 8111: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8019:M. anhuiensis 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7973:G. reticulata 7969: 7967: 7965: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7897: 7895: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7852: 7846: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7834: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7817: 7814: 7809: 7801: 7796: 7794: 7789: 7787: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7772: 7769: 7758: 7754: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7707:(9): 1456–7. 7706: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7689: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7664:(1): 171–93. 7663: 7659: 7655: 7648: 7640: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7593:(1): 149–55. 7592: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7569: 7562: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7539:(3): 555–69. 7538: 7534: 7530: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7491: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7462: 7458: 7451: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7418:(5): 263–70. 7417: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7359: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7328: 7326: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7302: 7286: 7283:(6): 201–14. 7282: 7278: 7271: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7197: 7188: 7184: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7162:(1): 119–49. 7161: 7157: 7150: 7148: 7139: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7119: 7115: 7108: 7100: 7094: 7090: 7083: 7075: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7050: 7048:0-8032-4423-1 7044: 7040: 7033: 7025: 7023:0-8239-4215-5 7019: 7015: 7008: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6913: 6909: 6902: 6894: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6814: 6807: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6764: 6744: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6700: 6698:9789086860340 6694: 6690: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6589:(4): 561–71. 6588: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6571: 6562: 6556: 6552: 6545: 6537: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6518: 6510: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6478: 6476: 6467: 6461: 6457: 6452: 6451: 6442: 6434: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6409: 6407:9781575060835 6403: 6399: 6392: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6313:Camel Science 6307: 6299: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6282:(2): 587–93. 6281: 6277: 6273: 6271: 6262: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6237:(2): 185–92. 6236: 6232: 6228: 6226: 6217: 6209: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6172:(25): 556–7. 6171: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6135: 6132:(3): 161–71. 6131: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6105: 6101: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6046: 6038: 6031: 6029: 6020: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5978: 5970: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5932: 5930: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5801: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5775: 5767: 5759: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5733: 5731:9788122412796 5727: 5723: 5716: 5700: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5647:(7): 1173–7. 5646: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5621: 5617: 5610: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5556: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5522: 5520: 5511: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5483: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5451: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5384:(8): 605–16. 5383: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5276:(50): 20659. 5275: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5258: 5250: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5225:(7): 1231–4. 5224: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5184:(36): 20574. 5183: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5166: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5130: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5023: 5016: 5014: 4994: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4954: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4875:(9): 787–95. 4874: 4870: 4866: 4864: 4855: 4853: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4659: 4650: 4646: 4643:(56): 444–6. 4642: 4638: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4608:(4): 347–52. 4607: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4479: 4475: 4472:(4): 509–21. 4471: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4413: 4406: 4398: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4342:(29): 11–20. 4341: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4283: 4280:(in French). 4279: 4272: 4264: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4227: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4072: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4054: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3995:Bulliet, R.W. 3990: 3988: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3964:(4): 355–62. 3963: 3959: 3952: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3870: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3803: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3771:(3): 231–45. 3770: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3748:(in German). 3747: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3725:(2): 143–65. 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3707: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3663: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3614: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3537: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3497:(1345): 1–6. 3496: 3492: 3485: 3477: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3310:de Buffon, C. 3305: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3136: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3044:Scott, Robert 3041: 3037: 3028: 3026: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2962: 2960:0-550-10105-5 2956: 2952: 2949:"dromedary". 2945: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2908:Wilson, D. E. 2903: 2901: 2896: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2833: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767:lymphadenitis 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2730:linoleic acid 2727: 2723: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2675:myristic acid 2672: 2668: 2667:palmitic acid 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2600: 2595: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2574:aquiline nose 2567: 2563: 2558: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2534:Judean Desert 2530: 2526: 2524: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2457:Market, Yemen 2456: 2455:Bait al-Faqih 2451: 2446: 2439:Riding camels 2436: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385:and northern 2384: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2328: 2323: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2248:Fuerteventura 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2113:Calf suckling 2111: 2103: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2079:rete mirabile 2070: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1941: 1931: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1869: 1860: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1815:Streptococcus 1811: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:H. dromedarii 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1685:B. melitensis 1681: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612:penile sheath 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1496: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477:hair follicle 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1388: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1325: 1312: 1302: 1295: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1208: 1200: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1163: 1161: 1160:Bering Strait 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1058:mitochondrial 1055: 1051: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1019:Lama guanicoe 1016: 1012: 1011:Vicugna pacos 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 975: 972: 968: 967: 962: 961:Carl Linnaeus 958: 954: 953: 948: 944: 940: 936: 935:ancient Greek 932: 928: 924: 923:C. bactrianus 920: 919: 915: 901: 900: 892: 891: 883: 882: 874: 873: 865: 864: 861: 859: 858: 851: 850: 847: 846: 843: 841: 840: 839:Camelus ferus 833: 832: 829: 828: 825: 824: 823: 813: 812: 806: 805: 802: 801: 798: 796: 795: 788: 787: 781: 780: 776: 775: 772: 771: 768: 767: 766: 756: 755: 749: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 736: 730: 729: 722: 721: 716: 715: 712: 711: 703: 701: 699: 688: 684: 682: 671: 667: 663: 661: 650: 649:Ancient Greek 646: 644: 638: 634: 630: 627: 622: 605: 603: 597: 590:δρομάς (ο, η) 585: 580: 575: 571: 567: 565: 560: 550: 548: 547:Sahara Desert 544: 540: 536: 532: 527: 525: 520: 515: 513: 495: 491: 486: 482: 480: 479: 474: 471:, is a large 470: 466: 465:Arabian camel 462: 456: 432: 424: 367: 362: 361: 356: 341: 338: 334: 330: 327: 322: 319: 314: 311: 306: 303: 298: 295: 291: 287: 284: 280: 276: 273: 269: 264: 261: 257: 253: 250: 249: 239: 236: 232: 222: 218: 213: 209: 205: 200: 198: 192: 189: 188:Binomial name 185: 181: 180: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 113: 110: 109: 106: 103: 100: 99: 94: 89: 85: 79:Domesticated 76: 72: 67: 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 18:Arabian camel 13079:Pack animals 12651: 12541:Riding horse 12421: 12270: 12174: 12162: 12151:H. amphibius 12150: 12140:Hippopotamus 12138: 12118:Whippomorpha 12087: 12078: 12076: 12069: 12057: 12045: 12036: 12027: 12018: 12006: 11955: 11943: 11931: 11919: 11907: 11895: 11870: 11861: 11852: 11843: 11834: 11825: 11816: 11807: 11799:S. cebifrons 11798: 11789: 11780: 11768: 11756: 11747: 11735: 11723: 11711: 11700:P. africanus 11699: 11690: 11680:Phacochoerus 11678: 11666: 11654: 11642: 11633: 11625:B. babyrussa 11624: 11612: 11561: 11549: 11537: 11529:P. maxwellii 11528: 11520:P. monticola 11519: 11507: 11495: 11486: 11477: 11468: 11460:C. rufilatus 11459: 11450: 11441: 11432: 11423: 11414: 11405: 11396: 11387: 11378: 11377:Bay duiker ( 11370:C. crusalbum 11369: 11360: 11351: 11342: 11330: 11322:Cephalophini 11305: 11297:R. melanotis 11296: 11287: 11275: 11263: 11251: 11239: 11227: 11215: 11207:N. moschatus 11206: 11197: 11185: 11173: 11164: 11155: 11147:M. guentheri 11146: 11134: 11123:D. megalotis 11122: 11110: 11085: 11073: 11062:P. hodgsonii 11061: 11049: 11026: 11017: 11009:P. gutturosa 11008: 10996: 10984: 10975: 10966: 10957: 10948: 10936: 10924: 10912: 10900: 10891: 10882: 10873: 10865:G. erlangeri 10864: 10855: 10846: 10838:G. bennettii 10837: 10825: 10813: 10805:E. thomsonii 10804: 10796:E. rufifrons 10795: 10786: 10774: 10762: 10750: 10738: 10726: 10714: 10702: 10644: 10636:T. derbianus 10635: 10623: 10611: 10602: 10593: 10584: 10575: 10567:T. eurycerus 10566: 10557: 10548: 10524: 10516:Tragelaphini 10499: 10487: 10475: 10463: 10451: 10442: 10434:B. javanicus 10433: 10424: 10416:B. grunniens 10415: 10406: 10398:B. frontalis 10397: 10388: 10379: 10370: 10358: 10346: 10337: 10328: 10319: 10310: 10298: 10273: 10261: 10249: 10237: 10184:R. rupicapra 10183: 10175:R. pyrenaica 10174: 10162: 10150: 10138: 10126: 10117: 10116:Snow sheep ( 10108: 10099: 10098:Dall sheep ( 10090: 10081: 10072: 10060: 10049:N. hylocrius 10048: 10036: 10025:O. moschatus 10024: 10012: 10000: 9988: 9976: 9967: 9958: 9949: 9937: 9925: 9913: 9901: 9892: 9883: 9874: 9862: 9850: 9849:Walia ibex ( 9841: 9833:C. pyrenaica 9832: 9823: 9814: 9805: 9797:C. falconeri 9796: 9787: 9778: 9769: 9757: 9746:B. taxicolor 9745: 9733: 9721: 9709: 9697: 9685: 9601:P. hodgsonii 9600: 9588: 9563: 9554: 9544:Connochaetes 9542: 9530: 9529:Hartebeest ( 9518: 9506: 9497: 9485: 9473: 9461: 9453:Alcelaphinae 9437:P. capreolus 9436: 9424: 9399: 9387: 9362: 9353: 9345:R. arundinum 9344: 9332: 9320: 9312:K. megaceros 9311: 9302: 9293: 9284: 9272: 9247: 9235: 9223: 9214: 9205: 9196: 9184: 9172: 9163: 9151: 9098: 9089: 9080: 9068: 9056: 9047: 9034: 9022: 9012: 9000: 8988: 8987:Marsh deer ( 8976: 8964: 8952: 8940: 8931: 8922: 8913: 8904: 8895: 8886: 8877: 8869:M. americana 8868: 8856: 8844: 8835: 8825:Hippocamelus 8823: 8811: 8799: 8787: 8779:C. capreolus 8778: 8766: 8754: 8753:Water deer ( 8742: 8730: 8718: 8693: 8684: 8675: 8666: 8657: 8645: 8633: 8624: 8616:R. mariannus 8615: 8606: 8594: 8582: 8570: 8558: 8557:Eld's deer ( 8549: 8548:Barasingha ( 8537: 8525: 8516: 8507: 8498: 8486: 8474: 8465: 8453: 8441: 8429: 8417: 8409:M. vaginalis 8408: 8399: 8390: 8381: 8372: 8363: 8354: 8345: 8336: 8327: 8318: 8310:M. atherodes 8309: 8297: 8220: 8211: 8203:T. nigricans 8202: 8193: 8184: 8176:T. javanicus 8175: 8163: 8151: 8142: 8133: 8121: 8110:H. aquaticus 8109: 8097: 8072: 8063: 8054: 8045: 8036: 8027: 8018: 8006: 7981: 7972: 7963: 7954: 7942: 7931:O. johnstoni 7930: 7918: 7894:A. americana 7893: 7881: 7843:Superorder: 7837:Infraclass: 7808:Artiodactyla 7760:. Retrieved 7750: 7704: 7698: 7688: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7624: 7590: 7587:Meat Science 7586: 7582: 7576: 7567: 7561: 7536: 7533:Meat Science 7532: 7528: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7415: 7411: 7401: 7389:. Retrieved 7372: 7368: 7358: 7346:. Retrieved 7337: 7315: 7311: 7301: 7289:. Retrieved 7280: 7270: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7211:(3): 744–7. 7208: 7204: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7159: 7155: 7137: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7088: 7082: 7063: 7057: 7038: 7032: 7013: 7007: 6995:. Retrieved 6991: 6982: 6970:. Retrieved 6956: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6915:. Retrieved 6911: 6901: 6882: 6876: 6864:. Retrieved 6852: 6839: 6812: 6806: 6794:. Retrieved 6782: 6778: 6750:. Retrieved 6738: 6725: 6716: 6707: 6688: 6661:. Retrieved 6652: 6643: 6631:. Retrieved 6627:the original 6622: 6613: 6586: 6582: 6550: 6544: 6524: 6517: 6498: 6492: 6483: 6449: 6441: 6422: 6416: 6397: 6391: 6379:. Retrieved 6362:(2): 383–9. 6359: 6355: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6261: 6234: 6231:Reproduction 6230: 6224: 6216: 6202:cite journal 6169: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6141:. Retrieved 6129: 6125: 6112: 6103: 6099: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6036: 6018: 6012: 5990:(1): 117–9. 5987: 5983: 5977: 5968: 5962: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5887:(1): 79–83. 5884: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5806: 5800: 5788:. Retrieved 5784:the original 5773: 5766: 5747: 5740: 5721: 5715: 5703:. Retrieved 5688: 5679: 5675: 5669: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5615: 5609: 5597:. Retrieved 5585: 5581: 5554: 5548: 5534:(3): 291–3. 5531: 5527: 5491: 5488:Reproduction 5487: 5481: 5473: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5438:. Retrieved 5434:the original 5429: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5327:): 425–438. 5316: 5310: 5300: 5273: 5267: 5257: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5181: 5175: 5165: 5153:. Retrieved 5144:(3): 265–8. 5141: 5137: 5128: 5120: 5082:(3): 335–8. 5079: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5043:(1): 47–56. 5040: 5036: 5030: 5021: 5000:. Retrieved 4993:the original 4984: 4974: 4965: 4961: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4827:(2): 200–9. 4824: 4820: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4798: 4776:(6): 650–9. 4773: 4769: 4763: 4739:(2): 341–6. 4736: 4732: 4722: 4700:(2): 174–8. 4697: 4693: 4687: 4670: 4666: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4558: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4520:(1): 74–83. 4517: 4513: 4506: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4437:(1): 134–6. 4434: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4411: 4405: 4386: 4366: 4360: 4352:the original 4339: 4335: 4325: 4313:. Retrieved 4304: 4300: 4290: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4247: 4240: 4219: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4140: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4037: 4025:. Retrieved 4000: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3939:. Retrieved 3919: 3915: 3905: 3886: 3883:Prothero, D. 3877: 3858: 3818: 3815:Reproduction 3814: 3768: 3764: 3758: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3651:. Retrieved 3644:the original 3626:(375): 1–8. 3621: 3612: 3544: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3465:. Retrieved 3445: 3441: 3379:. Retrieved 3365: 3361:Linnaeus, C. 3355: 3342: 3336: 3324:. Retrieved 3314: 3304: 3285: 3272: 3247: 3243: 3232: 3220:. Retrieved 3213: 3204: 3196:the original 3184: 3175: 3156: 3124: 3118: 3106:. Retrieved 3100: 3090: 3082:the original 3070: 3061: 3047: 3012:. Retrieved 3008:the original 3003: 2994: 2982:. Retrieved 2978: 2969: 2950: 2944: 2912: 2829: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2748: 2741: 2738: 2734:stearic acid 2718: 2691: 2683: 2605: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2519: 2491: 2484: 2460: 2445:Camel racing 2430: 2399: 2391: 2371: 2339:Persian Gulf 2331: 2284: 2272: 2256: 2229: 2205: 2193: 2174: 2165:uterine horn 2154: 2146: 2125: 2116: 2097:Reproduction 2083: 2075: 2042: 2041:species and 2036: 2032:Eruca sativa 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1944: 1936: 1908: 1899: 1888: 1856:Streptothrix 1854: 1833: 1823: 1813: 1807: 1789: 1785: 1778:Arava Valley 1773: 1759: 1757: 1734: 1724:against the 1707: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1651: 1647: 1605: 1550: 1536:gall bladder 1520:blood values 1501: 1479:, a ring of 1450: 1393: 1343:filled with 1330: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1246: 1228: 1213: 1180: 1164: 1155: 1137: 1136:The extinct 1135: 1114: 1106:acrocentrics 1102:X chromosome 1094:metacentrics 1083: 1080:Hybrid camel 1061:cytochrome b 1047: 1034: 1026: 1018: 1010: 994: 983:phylogenetic 976: 971:Arnold Leese 964: 956: 950: 946: 937:philosopher 926: 922: 916: 911: 855: 854: 837: 836: 820: 816: 797:(dromedary) 793: 792: 791: 777: 763: 759: 733: 695: 678: 657: 640: 599: 596:GEN (γενική) 561: 556: 531:domesticated 528: 516: 487: 483: 476: 468: 464: 460: 359: 358: 354: 352: 339: 328: 320: 312: 304: 296: 285: 274: 263:C. africanus 262: 251: 196: 194: 178: 177: 165: 145:Artiodactyla 36: 12805:iNaturalist 12676:Wikispecies 12627:Pack animal 12546:Stock horse 12526:Guide horse 12521:Draft horse 12499:Therapy dog 12489:Service dog 12464:Hunting dog 12459:Herding dog 12444:Draught dog 12407:Bali cattle 12306:Chilihueque 12028:L. guanicoe 11887:Tayassuidae 11851:Wild boar ( 11790:S. barbatus 11748:P. larvatus 11724:P. salvania 11722:Pygmy hog ( 11656:Hylochoerus 11509:Philantomba 11397:C. jentinki 11379:C. dorsalis 11332:Cephalophus 11216:N. pygmaeus 11174:M. saltiana 11112:Dorcatragus 11086:S. tatarica 10976:N. petersii 10914:Litocranius 10814:E. tilonura 10761:Blackbuck ( 10737:Springbok ( 10680:Antilopinae 10678:(subfamily 10625:Taurotragus 10592:Sitatunga ( 10585:T. scriptus 10576:T. imberbis 10533:(including 10526:Tragelaphus 10347:B. quarlesi 10229:Boselaphini 10213:(subfamily 10118:O. nivicola 9959:N. caudatus 9948:Red goral ( 9939:Naemorhedus 9902:C. swinhoei 9882:Red serow ( 9864:Capricornis 9842:C. sibirica 9779:C. caucasia 9770:C. aegagrus 9768:Wild goat ( 9722:A. jayakari 9711:Arabitragus 9670:(subfamily 9641:Antilopinae 9564:C. taurinus 9507:D. pygargus 9400:A. melampus 9321:K. vardonii 9283:Waterbuck ( 9224:O. leucoryx 9153:Hippotragus 9081:O. hemionus 9079:Mule deer ( 8978:Blastocerus 8887:M. bricenii 8845:H. bisulcus 8812:R. tarandus 8788:C. pygargus 8710:Capreolinae 8692:Sika deer ( 8634:R. unicolor 8623:Rusa deer ( 8526:A. porcinus 8346:M. montanus 8143:M. kathygre 7892:Pronghorn ( 7883:Antilocapra 7391:22 February 7369:Mljekarstvo 7140:(16): 1–17. 7120:(1): 37–42. 6997:12 February 6972:14 November 6917:24 November 5922:(10): 1–24. 5809:(16): 1–96. 5582:The Camelid 5494:(1): 61–5. 4980:Leese, A.S. 4509:) Part III" 4137:Leese, A.S. 4090:(1): 71–7. 4027:14 November 3821:(1): 3–20. 3683:(1): 8–15. 3442:The Camel ( 3381:20 February 3097:"dromedary" 3067:"Dromedary" 2984:14 February 2875:Camel urine 2763:pharyngitis 2663:fatty acids 2091:respiration 2064:Adaptations 1895:home ranges 1825:Pasteurella 1666:Brucellosis 1485:sweat gland 1377:digitigrade 1152:Pleistocene 635:, from the 574:dromedarius 340:C. vulgaris 275:C. arabicus 12983:Categories 12531:Pack horse 12479:Police dog 12164:Choeropsis 12046:L. vicugna 11932:C. wagneri 11835:S. oliveri 11826:S. heureni 11562:S. grimmia 11551:Sylvicapra 11538:P. walteri 11451:C. rubidis 11442:C. ogilbyi 11388:C. harveyi 11352:C. brookei 11306:R. sharpei 11286:Steenbok ( 11277:Raphicerus 11229:Oreotragus 11102:Neotragini 11051:Pantholops 10967:N. notatus 10925:L. walleri 10874:G. gazella 10847:G. cuvieri 10836:Chinkara ( 10728:Antidorcas 10715:A. clarkei 10704:Ammodorcas 10694:Antilopini 10594:T. spekeii 10558:T. buxtoni 10549:T. angasii 10441:Wild yak ( 10425:B. indicus 10380:B. bonasus 10320:B. bubalis 10263:Boselaphus 10239:Tetracerus 10109:O. gmelini 9977:N. griseus 9950:N. baileyi 9915:Hemitragus 9884:C. rubidus 9875:C. crispus 9824:C. nubiana 9687:Ammotragus 9590:Pantholops 9520:Alcelaphus 9505:Bontebok ( 9498:D. lunatus 9487:Damaliscus 9474:B. hunteri 9363:R. redunca 9264:Reduncinae 9215:O. gazella 9164:H. equinus 9090:O. pandora 9070:Odocoileus 8954:Ozotoceros 8810:Reindeer ( 8755:H. inermis 8744:Hydropotes 8667:C. elaphus 8665:Red deer ( 8607:R. alfredi 8524:Hog deer ( 8382:M. reevesi 8355:M. muntjak 8185:T. kanchil 8152:M. meminna 8099:Hyemoschus 8089:Tragulidae 8046:M. cupreus 7964:G. giraffa 7910:Giraffidae 7861:Ruminantia 7511:(2): 71–8. 7348:27 January 7238:(2): 229. 6866:28 January 6796:28 January 6752:28 January 6663:28 January 6633:28 January 6381:28 January 5599:28 January 5588:: 250–92. 5002:28 January 4815:Lama glama 4214:Dagg, A.I. 4166:(3): 102. 3467:27 January 3326:14 January 3278:Groves, C. 3222:31 January 3014:23 October 2891:References 2819:Mauritania 2726:horse meat 2715:Camel meat 2703:Nouakchott 2671:oleic acid 2655:tryptophan 2628:riboflavin 2594:Camel milk 2513:people of 2509:, and the 2487:Arab world 2422:Bani Sakhr 1853:caused by 1835:Rickettsia 1822:caused by 1782:ivermectin 1726:rinderpest 1722:antibodies 1658:tsetse fly 1573:bicornuate 1508:pulse rate 1504:ventricles 1475:muscle, a 1446:crystallin 1396:milk teeth 1353:nasal bone 1139:Protylopus 1050:phenotypic 1035:V. vicugna 1029:) and the 999:subspecies 723:Camelidae 633:Old Norman 626:congeneric 570:Late Latin 564:dromedaire 559:Old French 333:J. Fischer 300:Kerr, 1792 279:Desmoulins 42:Dromedary 13029:Livestock 12617:Livestock 12469:Mercy dog 12454:Guide dog 12449:Guard dog 12422:Dromedary 12271:Dromedary 12250:Camelidae 12116:Suborder 12026:Guanaco ( 11998:Camelidae 11984:Suborder 11956:D. tajacu 11945:Dicotyles 11921:Catagonus 11908:T. pecari 11853:S. scrofa 11757:P. porcus 11746:Bushpig ( 11614:Babyrousa 11590:Suborder 11487:C. weynsi 11478:C. spadix 11343:C. adersi 11264:O. ourebi 11198:N. batesi 11187:Neotragus 11156:M. kirkii 10958:N. granti 10923:Gerenuk ( 10892:G. spekei 10856:G. dorcas 10713:Dibatag ( 10500:S. caffer 10465:Pseudoryx 10452:B. taurus 10432:Banteng ( 10407:B. gaurus 10336:Tamaraw ( 10182:Chamois ( 10164:Rupicapra 10151:P. nayaur 10127:O. vignei 10107:Mouflon ( 9806:C. hircus 9795:Markhor ( 9698:A. lervia 9463:Beatragus 9389:Aepyceros 9213:Gemsbok ( 9206:O. dammah 9048:P. carlae 8941:M. temama 8932:M. rufina 8896:M. chunyi 8878:M. bororo 8768:Capreolus 8694:C. nippon 8685:C. hanglu 8572:Elaphurus 8517:A. kuhlii 8431:Elaphodus 8299:Muntiacus 8134:M. indica 8123:Moschiola 8055:M. fuscus 7998:Moschidae 7859:Suborder 7819:Kingdom: 7375:: 81–90. 7318:: 289–97. 7291:20 August 7240:CiteSeerX 6855:: 81–92. 6831:0169-9377 6785:: 14–26. 6741:: 22–33. 6605:1424-2818 6583:Diversity 6321:CiteSeerX 5862:190514348 5705:7 January 5341:0013-8746 5096:1042-7260 4944:220527872 4387:The Camel 4315:25 August 4307:: 870–2. 4042:Arab News 3793:131677653 3752:: 617–22. 3282:Grubb, P. 2647:vitamin A 2636:vitamin B 2620:vitamin C 2568:, Somalia 2542:markloofa 2472:Euphrates 2335:Rajasthan 2275:Old World 2252:Caribbean 2244:Lanzarote 2190:, Somalia 2177:Near East 2133:dominance 2038:Trifolium 1873:taxidermy 1848:cutaneous 1838:species, 1737:serologic 1732:viruses. 1709:Sarcoptes 1704:nematodes 1696:trematode 1624:testicles 1622:with the 1453:epidermis 1345:spongiosa 1279:species. 1266:ethmoidal 1181:In 1975, 1132:Evolution 1117:sympatric 1110:karyotype 1090:autosomes 1068:sequences 939:Aristotle 931:Camelidae 737:(llamas) 553:Etymology 543:Laas Geel 524:gestation 355:dromedary 313:C. lukius 308:Falk,1786 297:C. dromos 286:C. dromas 173:Species: 155:Camelidae 111:Kingdom: 105:Eukaryota 12875:14200115 12823:10465162 12716:BioLib: 12661:Wikidata 12568:Reindeer 12536:Pit pony 12494:Sled dog 12088:C. ferus 12044:Vicuña ( 12037:L. pacos 12035:Alpaca ( 12019:L. glama 11986:Tylopoda 11496:C. zebra 11424:C. niger 10998:Procapra 10776:Eudorcas 10752:Antilope 10489:Syncerus 10450:Cattle ( 10443:B. mutus 10371:B. bison 10311:B. arnee 10272:Nilgai ( 10149:Bharal ( 10140:Pseudois 10100:O. dalli 10082:O. aries 10073:O. ammon 10071:Argali ( 10023:Muskox ( 9990:Oreamnos 9968:N. goral 9851:C. walie 9735:Budorcas 9672:Caprinae 9617:Caprinae 9472:Hirola ( 9416:Peleinae 9398:Impala ( 9303:K. leche 9301:Lechwe ( 9197:O. beisa 9173:H. niger 8834:Taruca ( 8801:Rangifer 8731:A. alces 8632:Sambar ( 8559:R. eldii 8539:Rucervus 8497:Chital ( 8289:Cervinae 8276:Cervidae 8237:Cervidae 8165:Tragulus 7839:Eutheria 7833:Mammalia 7827:Chordata 7825:Phylum: 7821:Animalia 7731:16229781 7607:22059419 7553:22063567 7463:: 11–16. 7442:21484536 7434:11494100 7385:Archived 7342:Archived 7285:Archived 7262:33408154 7189:: 19–22. 7168:41716025 6966:Archived 6857:Archived 6787:Archived 6743:Archived 6715:(1984). 6657:Archived 6372:Archived 6368:32370330 6194:29630264 6143:6 August 6134:Archived 6106:: 103–8. 5854:31210121 5790:12 April 5699:Archived 5682:: 18–23. 5590:Archived 5440:22 April 5406:43598032 5359:33244354 5292:24342517 5249:24964193 5200:24079378 5146:Archived 5112:24597310 5104:11237140 5057:12324206 4982:(1918). 4936:32665042 4843:13772976 4813:L., and 4679:13044660 4649:13171506 4309:Archived 4284:: 1–195. 4216:(1981). 4192:28282952 4139:(1927). 4104:85873711 4044:, 2018, 4021:Archived 3997:(1975). 3936:20608925 3653:9 August 3527:40857282 3458:Archived 3375:Archived 3363:(1758). 3320:Archived 3312:(1791). 3284:(2011). 3264:38754423 2936:62265494 2839:See also 2743:shawarma 2722:glycogen 2677:and 11% 2673:, 11.4% 2669:, 25.5% 2566:Puntland 2501:and the 2468:Aurelian 2424:and the 2418:Rashaida 2414:Ruwallah 2307:Ethiopia 2259:Adelaide 2206:en masse 2197:Cambyses 2161:follicle 2142:Bikaneri 2014:V. mungo 1984:Atriplex 1903:androgen 1851:necrosis 1840:camelpox 1828:such as 1804:pyogenic 1786:Hyalomma 1766:moulting 1754:, Israel 1674:biotypes 1620:perineum 1593:placenta 1589:clitoris 1565:oviducts 1561:anestrus 1532:chloride 1438:incisors 1301:Skeleton 1251:KIT gene 1239:Kordofan 1148:Pliocene 1039:diverged 1027:L. glama 991:Camelini 943:describe 927:C. ferus 765:Camelops 748:Camelini 629:Bactrian 609:δρομάδος 602:dromados 519:dominant 305:C. ferus 256:Kolenati 235:Synonyms 204:Linnaeus 151:Family: 135:Mammalia 125:Chordata 121:Phylum: 115:Animalia 101:Domain: 64:, Egypt 12961:ZooBank 12862:1006383 12784:9055455 12349:Huarizo 12331:Hybrids 12311:Guanaco 12200:Cetacea 12191:Cetacea 12059:Camelus 12017:Llama ( 11897:Tayassu 11713:Porcula 11262:Oribi ( 11253:Ourebia 11136:Madoqua 11121:Beira ( 11042:Saigini 10949:N. dama 10827:Gazella 10676:Bovidae 10674:Family 10645:T. oryx 10565:Bongo ( 10547:Nyala ( 10474:Saola ( 10396:Gayal ( 10300:Bubalus 10215:Bovinae 10211:Bovidae 10209:Family 10125:Urial ( 9815:C. ibex 9744:Takin ( 9668:Bovidae 9666:Family 9629:Bovinae 9555:C. gnou 9334:Redunca 9246:Addax ( 9130:Bovidae 9128:Family 9036:Pudella 9023:P. pudu 8914:M. nana 8729:Moose ( 8499:A. axis 8466:D. dama 8328:M. feae 8274:Family 8249:Bovidae 8194:T. napu 8008:Moschus 7944:Giraffa 7929:Okapi ( 7831:Class: 7810:species 7806:Extant 7762:8 April 7722:3310619 7680:8173095 7371:(PDF). 6319:: 1–7. 6298:3361493 6253:8699400 6078:3900379 6021:: 1–11. 6004:2876805 5954:4806534 5901:9265856 5834:Bibcode 5661:1892276 5540:8048041 5510:7359491 5398:7628237 5350:7677832 5240:4073860 5155:9 April 4916:Bibcode 4889:4629466 4834:1244464 4790:4063788 4755:6018015 4714:4995838 4622:4998115 4583:4248325 4563:Bibcode 4451:1990971 4248:Grazers 4183:5368706 3966:Bibcode 3941:14 June 3837:4911974 3785:3629022 3697:5659175 3640:3504297 3519:8008753 3499:Bibcode 3210:"Camel" 3181:"Camel" 3052:at the 3004:Animals 2736:(10%). 2632:folacin 2624:thiamin 2515:Eritrea 2503:Hedareb 2480:Palmyra 2476:Zenobia 2406:Bedouin 2364:, near 2303:Eritrea 2295:Somalia 2053:prepuce 1990:Salsola 1891:diurnal 1876:diorama 1863:Ecology 1844:anthrax 1700:cestode 1662:anaemia 1616:scrotum 1601:chorion 1553:ovaries 1413:3.1.2.3 1410:1.1.3.3 1357:sternal 1333:cranium 1283:Anatomy 1269:fissure 1259:giraffe 1235:piebald 1176:Red Sea 1156:Camelus 1086:diploid 1043:Miocene 1021:), the 1015:guanaco 1013:), the 995:Camelus 947:Camelus 918:Camelus 779:Camelus 666:Semitic 660:kámēlos 653:κάμηλος 647:, from 643:camēlus 568:or the 539:Somalia 533:in the 505:⁄ 478:Camelus 270:, 1841) 166:Camelus 161:Genus: 141:Order: 131:Class: 60:on the 12994:Camels 12940:104240 12927:510752 12849:625027 12771:CMELDR 12758:309019 12732:154056 12667:Q71516 12506:Donkey 12321:Vicuña 12301:Alpaca 11604:Suidae 11205:Suni ( 10938:Nanger 10423:Zebu ( 10405:Gaur ( 10290:Bovini 10014:Ovibos 9319:Puku ( 9294:K. kob 8858:Mazama 8647:Cervus 7920:Okapia 7729: 7719: 7678: 7635: 7605: 7551: 7486: 7440: 7432: 7260: 7242: 7166: 7095: 7070: 7045: 7020: 6889: 6829: 6819: 6695: 6603: 6557: 6532: 6505: 6462: 6429: 6404: 6366: 6323: 6296: 6251: 6192: 6186:570318 6184: 6076: 6002: 5952: 5899: 5860: 5852: 5754: 5728: 5659: 5622: 5538: 5508: 5467:: 210. 5404: 5396: 5357: 5347: 5339: 5290: 5247: 5237: 5198: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5055: 4968:: 1–6. 4942: 4934: 4887: 4841: 4831: 4788: 4753: 4712: 4677: 4647: 4620: 4581: 4554:Nature 4534:676657 4532: 4449: 4393: 4259: 4228: 4190: 4180: 4102: 4013: 4007:28–259 3934: 3893: 3865: 3835: 3791: 3783: 3695: 3638: 3551: 3525: 3517: 3292: 3262: 3186:Lexico 3163: 3131: 3072:Lexico 3034:δρομάς 2957: 2934: 2924: 2791:corral 2699:rennet 2695:casein 2653:, and 2651:lysine 2616:niacin 2523:canter 2426:Mutayr 2420:, the 2416:, the 2410:Arabia 2305:, and 2281:Africa 2236:Sicily 2221:Alborz 2188:Baidoa 2129:saliva 2120:mature 2105:Mating 2049:caudal 1978:Acacia 1919:tigers 1911:wolves 1846:, and 1718:Jordan 1635:; the 1591:. The 1583:. The 1577:vagina 1575:. The 1569:uterus 1563:. The 1540:spleen 1522:. The 1483:and a 1457:dermis 1442:lenses 1434:molars 1417:, and 1402:. The 1381:digits 1369:fibula 1367:. The 1243:Darfur 1217:palate 1168:foetus 1144:Eocene 1100:. The 1054:hybrid 1031:vicuña 1007:alpaca 1003:Lamini 987:tribes 933:. The 735:Lamini 687:Arabic 685:) and 670:Hebrew 584:dromas 335:, 1829 292:, 1811 290:Pallas 281:, 1823 268:Gloger 258:, 1847 12914:82240 12836:90205 12818:IRMNG 12810:81542 12719:33503 12553:Llama 12516:Horse 12511:Gayal 12412:Camel 12344:Bukht 12316:Llama 11592:Suina 11075:Saiga 11016:Goa ( 10535:kudus 9759:Capra 9426:Pelea 9292:Kob ( 9274:Kobus 9237:Addax 8720:Alces 8674:Elk ( 7478:[ 7438:S2CID 7258:S2CID 7164:JSTOR 6860:(PDF) 6849:(PDF) 6790:(PDF) 6775:(PDF) 6746:(PDF) 6735:(PDF) 6375:(PDF) 6352:(PDF) 6190:S2CID 6137:(PDF) 6122:(PDF) 5858:S2CID 5593:(PDF) 5578:(PDF) 5402:S2CID 5319:(6). 5149:(PDF) 5134:(PDF) 5108:S2CID 4996:(PDF) 4989:(PDF) 4940:S2CID 4579:S2CID 4160:Genes 4100:S2CID 3789:S2CID 3781:JSTOR 3647:(PDF) 3636:JSTOR 3618:(PDF) 3523:S2CID 3461:(PDF) 3450:(PDF) 3108:5 May 2659:molar 2578:hawia 2546:pakra 2511:Tigre 2507:Bilen 2499:Sudan 2495:Bejas 2299:Sudan 2287:Sahel 2171:Range 2140:of a 2138:semen 1940:forbs 1915:lions 1880:Jules 1752:Negev 1608:penis 1585:vulva 1557:bursa 1524:lungs 1424:3.1.2 1421:1.1.3 1222:dulaa 1172:dated 1126:runts 1023:llama 914:genus 698:jamal 681:gamál 639:word 637:Latin 581:word 579:Greek 473:camel 467:, or 12953:3285 12901:9838 12896:NCBI 12844:ITIS 12797:1872 12792:GISD 12779:GBIF 12766:EPPO 12745:Q9XD 12727:BOLD 12558:Mule 12339:Cama 12198:see 12008:Lama 10062:Ovis 9186:Oryx 9002:Pudu 8596:Rusa 8488:Axis 8455:Dama 7764:2016 7727:PMID 7676:PMID 7633:ISBN 7629:CABI 7603:PMID 7585:)". 7549:PMID 7531:)". 7484:ISBN 7430:PMID 7393:2019 7350:2016 7293:2012 7093:ISBN 7068:ISBN 7043:ISBN 7018:ISBN 6999:2023 6974:2021 6919:2023 6887:ISBN 6868:2016 6827:ISSN 6817:ISBN 6798:2016 6754:2016 6693:ISBN 6665:2016 6635:2016 6601:ISSN 6555:ISBN 6530:ISBN 6503:ISBN 6460:ISBN 6427:ISBN 6402:ISBN 6383:2016 6364:PMID 6294:PMID 6249:PMID 6208:link 6182:PMID 6162:)". 6145:2012 6074:PMID 6000:PMID 5950:PMID 5940:)". 5897:PMID 5850:PMID 5792:2016 5752:ISBN 5726:ISBN 5707:2008 5657:PMID 5620:ISBN 5601:2016 5536:PMID 5506:PMID 5459:)". 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