Knowledge

Arabela language

Source đź“ť

1195: 105: 343:. Kichwa has been the default language for native communities in the area since the rubber boom era, and has spread through trade mixed marriages. It is, however, losing ground to Spanish in the younger generations. The use of Arabela is restricted to a small elderly fraction of the population. The language is official per the 383:, separated from other Arabelas roughly a century ago. Their fate is unknown but they may have survived, in which case their dialect is likely to have somewhat diverged from the other speakers'. 1751: 1227:
Artículo 48º Son idiomas oficiales el castellano y, en las zonas donde predominen, también lo son el quechua, el aimara y las demás lenguas aborígenes, según la ley.
2062: 684:, singular and plural. The plural is generally added by adding a suffix to the singular, the nature of this suffix varying according to the pluralized word. 806:
and distinguishes between active and passive personal pronouns. Active pronouns act as subjects in independent clauses and as objects in dependent ones.
340: 215: 2057: 1215: 367:
was completed in 2009. The language has been used in education by the Peruvian government, which has issued some school material in it. The
1343: 291:, but Zaparoan-speaking people have been decimated by diseases, wars with neighboring native groups, and by quasi-enslavement during the 1316: 368: 311:
groups. The few surviving Zaparoan languages are all severely endangered. Among those, Arabela is most closely related to
178: 731:
In a few cases, however, the plural can be formed through suffix substitution, or by using a different root altogether.
1302: 199: 1717: 1336: 168: 1035:. It can also mark the subject of a subordinate sentence when it refers to the object of the main sentence. 154: 1378: 489: 475: 457: 443: 438: 2052: 257: 2047: 1776: 1329: 1580: 1557: 1211: 1194: 2019: 1926: 1832: 1786: 2014: 1575: 1457: 1032: 542: 1311: 1260: 1495: 1317:
Dicconario Arabella—Castellano, Rolland G. Rich, Instituto Lingüistico de Verano, Perú – 1999
1044: 659:
but for a few words, mostly describing persons, the sex can be specified by adding a suffix:
610: 392: 1946: 1432: 1427: 1275:
Dicconario Arabela—Castellano, Rolland G. Rich, Instituto Lingüistico de Verano, Perú – 1999
1248: 1236: 1595: 1520: 1480: 1447: 344: 1501: 8: 2026: 1794: 1603: 576: 1475: 1897: 1851: 1730: 1679: 1618: 1515: 1410: 1383: 803: 681: 656: 537: 527: 280: 1859: 1684: 146: 1976: 1940: 1936: 1725: 1708: 1698: 1669: 1631: 1626: 1534: 1442: 1437: 1352: 1293: 552: 391:
The Arabela phonemic inventory is quite typical for a Zaparoan language. It has five
268: 347:, but this did not stop its decline. There is little written literature in Arabela. 174: 1986: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1955: 1874: 1822: 1814: 1761: 1755: 1693: 1674: 1664: 1656: 1644: 1368: 1360: 816: 532: 451: 379:
There is no dialectal division among known Arabela speakers. A small group, called
336: 320: 304: 237: 233: 778:
A number of other words form their plural by removing a singular specific suffix:
1981: 1951: 1910: 1887: 1882: 1864: 1804: 1688: 1608: 1585: 1547: 1542: 1419: 627: 547: 312: 253: 241: 229:, it is spoken by fewer than 50 people out of an ethnic population of about 400. 64: 1991: 1931: 1746: 1639: 1570: 1467: 1452: 1373: 1297: 1278:
Rich, Furne. 1963. "Arabela Phonemes and High-Level Phonology," SPIL I, 193-206
559: 316: 296: 249: 159: 2041: 1827: 1799: 1766: 1565: 1485: 1289: 1182: 364: 360: 300: 245: 1837: 1771: 363:
in Arabela) was completed in 2008. A publication of select portions of the
308: 232:
Since there are so few speakers of Arabela left, its speakers speak either
130: 802:
Arabela has a complex pronominal system, similar to the one of the other
432: 419: 292: 284: 1093:
Arabela has a rather restricted of interrogative pronouns, composed of:
1187: 593: 483: 424: 517: 467: 283:
family of languages. Zaparoan tongues were once widely spoken in the
139: 123: 1321: 1288: 207: 203: 186: 72: 182: 1391: 332: 409: 396: 214:
villages in tropical forest along the Napo tributary of the
288: 264: 211: 110: 37: 500:/ÉŞ/ can also be heard as a nasal when in nasal positions. 185:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1307:. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 1206: 1204: 1312:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Arabela
1261:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Arabela
1064:
indicates an object further away from the speaker (
1201: 1078:indicates a contrast between objects or persons ( 2039: 350:El Nuevo Testamento en Arabela del PerĂş, 2da ed. 274: 2063:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas 1337: 1153: 1145: 1137: 1129: 1121: 1113: 1105: 1097: 1079: 1073: 1065: 1059: 1051: 1026: 1010: 1004: 998: 991: 984: 977: 970: 964: 957: 950: 936: 929: 923: 916: 909: 903: 897: 890: 884: 877: 871: 865: 858: 852: 788: 782: 769: 763: 755: 749: 741: 735: 722: 716: 708: 702: 694: 688: 671: 663: 354: 348: 307:, while others have been incorporated into 1344: 1330: 371:has been translated into Arabela in 1988. 1088: 1038: 1056:indicates an object close to the speaker 252:is about 10–30%, and about 50–75% for a 331:The dominant languages of the area are 179:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 2040: 374: 1351: 1325: 1218:from the original on 21 February 2009 1212:"CONSTITUCION POLĂŤTICA DEL PERĂš 1993" 1178: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1020: 369:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 339:, and they are both widely spoken by 809: 326: 271:status in areas where it is spoken. 13: 1303:World Atlas of Language Structures 1169: 14: 2074: 1282: 295:. Most Zaparoan communities have 1249:Porciones del Antiguo Testamento 1193: 103: 1269: 1254: 1242: 1237:El Nuevo Testamento en Arabela 1230: 395:and a vowel inventory of five 1: 2058:Subject–object–verb languages 1162: 645: 510: 315:(the only one still spoken), 279:Arabela is a language of the 275:The language and its speakers 263:Like all native languages in 945: 847: 625: 608: 591: 574: 557: 480: 464: 448: 429: 386: 7: 1043:Arabela has three kinds of 849:Independent clause subject 797: 650: 10: 2079: 1011: 1005: 999: 992: 985: 978: 971: 965: 958: 951: 947:Independent clause object 937: 930: 924: 917: 910: 904: 898: 891: 885: 878: 872: 866: 859: 853: 721:: 'unmarried girl' yields 506:/u/ can also be heard as . 399:common within the family. 2011:Peruvian–Inmaculada Sign 2004: 1919: 1896: 1873: 1850: 1813: 1785: 1739: 1716: 1707: 1655: 1617: 1594: 1556: 1533: 1508: 1494: 1466: 1418: 1409: 1400: 1359: 503:/a/ can have allophones . 402: 355: 165: 153: 137: 121: 116: 98:Official language in 96: 91: 61: 51: 43: 33: 26: 21: 16:Zaparoan language of Peru 2020:Inmaculada Sign Language 1154: 1146: 1138: 1130: 1122: 1114: 1106: 1098: 1080: 1074: 1066: 1060: 1052: 1027: 838:First plural exclusive 835:First plural inclusive 789: 783: 770: 764: 756: 750: 742: 736: 723: 717: 709: 703: 695: 689: 672: 664: 2015:Peruvian Sign Language 1089:Interrogative pronouns 1045:demonstrative pronouns 1039:Demonstrative pronouns 393:places of articulation 349: 167:This article contains 1214:. February 17, 2006. 1070:—is it what you want) 1067:Nio-te quia panishano 210:family spoken in two 345:Constitution of Peru 198:is a nearly extinct 2027:Sivia Sign Language 1081:cuno-cuaja cua sare 820: 768:: 'mother' yields ' 727:: 'unmarried girls' 682:grammatical numbers 521: 413: 375:Dialectal divisions 2053:Zaparoan languages 1920:Isolates and other 1294:Haspelmath, Martin 1251:scriptureearth.org 1239:scriptureearth.org 1025:The verbal ending 1021:Anaphoric pronouns 814: 804:Zaparoan languages 754:: 'group' yields ' 657:grammatical gender 515: 407: 47:400 Arabela (2007) 2048:Languages of Peru 2035: 2034: 2000: 1999: 1846: 1845: 1718:Cajamarca–Cañaris 1529: 1528: 1388: 1361:Spanish varieties 1353:Languages of Peru 1290:Dryer, Matthew S. 1191:(25th ed., 2022) 1018: 1017: 817:Personal pronouns 810:Personal pronouns 787:: 'stone' yields 707:: 'woman' yields 693:: 'house' yields 643: 642: 497: 496: 327:Current situation 287:of north-eastern 248:for Arabela as a 193: 192: 175:rendering support 171:phonetic symbols. 2070: 1714: 1713: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1386: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1323: 1322: 1308: 1263: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1180: 1157: 1149: 1141: 1133: 1125: 1117: 1109: 1101: 1084:—this is my dog) 1083: 1077: 1069: 1063: 1055: 1030: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1002: 1001: 995: 994: 988: 987: 981: 980: 974: 973: 968: 967: 961: 960: 954: 953: 940: 939: 933: 932: 927: 926: 920: 919: 913: 912: 907: 906: 901: 900: 894: 893: 888: 887: 881: 880: 875: 874: 869: 868: 862: 861: 856: 855: 829:Second singular 821: 813: 792: 786: 773: 767: 759: 753: 745: 740:: 'man' yields ' 739: 726: 720: 712: 706: 698: 692: 680:Arabela has two 675: 667: 522: 514: 491: 477: 459: 445: 440: 414: 406: 358: 357: 352: 149: 133: 126: 109: 107: 106: 67: 19: 18: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2031: 1996: 1927:Candoshi-Shapra 1915: 1892: 1869: 1842: 1809: 1781: 1735: 1703: 1651: 1636:Achuar–Shiwiar 1613: 1590: 1552: 1525: 1504: 1490: 1462: 1402: 1396: 1355: 1350: 1296:, eds. (2013). 1285: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1259: 1255: 1247: 1243: 1235: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1210: 1209: 1202: 1192: 1181: 1170: 1165: 1126:: how, how much 1091: 1041: 1023: 1009: 1003: 969: 928: 908: 902: 889: 876: 870: 857: 832:Third singular 826:First singular 812: 800: 676:: 'my daughter' 655:Arabela has no 653: 648: 536: 513: 405: 389: 377: 356:La Liga BĂ­blica 329: 277: 254:second language 242:second language 173:Without proper 145: 129: 122: 104: 102: 99: 92:Official status 87: 68: 65:Language family 63: 54: 53:Native speakers 17: 12: 11: 5: 2076: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2008: 2006: 2005:Sign languages 2002: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1949: 1944: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1819: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1777:Yauyos–Chincha 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1749: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1634: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1581:NĂĽpode Huitoto 1578: 1573: 1571:Minica Huitoto 1568: 1562: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1539: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1472: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1422: 1413: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1284: 1283:External links 1281: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1253: 1241: 1229: 1200: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1151: 1143: 1135: 1127: 1119: 1111: 1110:: who (plural) 1103: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1071: 1057: 1040: 1037: 1031:is used as an 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 996: 989: 982: 975: 962: 955: 948: 944: 943: 941: 934: 921: 914: 895: 882: 863: 850: 846: 845: 842: 841:Second plural 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 811: 808: 799: 796: 795: 794: 776: 775: 761: 747: 729: 728: 714: 700: 678: 677: 669: 652: 649: 647: 644: 641: 640: 638: 636: 634: 632: 630: 624: 623: 621: 619: 617: 615: 613: 607: 606: 604: 602: 600: 598: 596: 590: 589: 587: 585: 583: 581: 579: 573: 572: 570: 568: 566: 564: 562: 556: 555: 550: 545: 540: 530: 525: 512: 509: 508: 507: 504: 501: 495: 494: 492: 487: 479: 478: 473: 471: 463: 462: 460: 455: 447: 446: 441: 436: 428: 427: 422: 417: 404: 401: 388: 385: 376: 373: 328: 325: 276: 273: 258:SOV word order 250:first language 221:Also known as 191: 190: 177:, you may see 163: 162: 157: 151: 150: 143: 135: 134: 127: 119: 118: 117:Language codes 114: 113: 100: 97: 94: 93: 89: 88: 86: 85: 84: 83: 71: 69: 62: 59: 58: 57:50 (2002) 55: 52: 49: 48: 45: 41: 40: 35: 34:Native to 31: 30: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2075: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1576:Murui Huitoto 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1458:Nomatsiguenga 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1262: 1257: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1233: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1082: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1029: 997: 990: 983: 976: 963: 956: 949: 946: 942: 935: 922: 915: 896: 883: 864: 851: 848: 844:Third plural 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 823: 822: 819: 818: 807: 805: 791: 785: 781: 780: 779: 772: 766: 762: 758: 752: 748: 744: 738: 734: 733: 732: 725: 719: 715: 711: 705: 701: 697: 691: 687: 686: 685: 683: 674: 670: 666: 662: 661: 660: 658: 639: 637: 635: 633: 631: 629: 626: 622: 620: 618: 616: 614: 612: 609: 605: 603: 601: 599: 597: 595: 592: 588: 586: 584: 582: 580: 578: 575: 571: 569: 567: 565: 563: 561: 558: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 523: 520: 519: 505: 502: 499: 498: 493: 488: 486: 485: 481: 474: 472: 470: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 453: 449: 442: 437: 435: 434: 430: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 415: 412: 411: 400: 398: 394: 384: 382: 372: 370: 366: 365:Old Testament 362: 361:New Testament 351: 346: 342: 338: 334: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 301:Lamas Quechua 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 272: 270: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 246:literacy rate 243: 239: 235: 230: 228: 224: 219: 217: 216:Arabela river 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 170: 164: 161: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 142: 141: 136: 132: 128: 125: 120: 115: 112: 101: 95: 90: 82: 79: 78: 77:Arabela–Andoa 76: 75: 74: 70: 66: 60: 56: 50: 46: 42: 39: 36: 32: 29: 25: 20: 1905: 1833:Cusco–Collao 1496:Upper Amazon 1301: 1270:Bibliography 1256: 1244: 1232: 1220:. Retrieved 1186: 1158:: who, which 1150:: where from 1092: 1042: 1024: 815: 801: 777: 730: 679: 654: 543:Postalveolar 516: 482: 466: 450: 431: 408: 390: 380: 378: 330: 278: 267:, it has an 262: 256:. It uses a 231: 226: 222: 220: 195: 194: 166: 138: 80: 28:Tapweyokwaka 27: 1795:Chachapoyas 1558:Bora–Witoto 1481:Mashco Piro 1448:Machiguenga 724:niyacoojori 673:Cua niya-tu 665:Cua niya-nu 611:Approximant 293:rubber boom 285:rain forest 181:instead of 2042:Categories 1731:Lambayeque 1604:Chayahuita 1596:Cahuapanan 1401:Indigenous 1384:Equatorial 1222:2009-03-02 1188:Ethnologue 1163:References 867:quiajaniya 771:nuhuocuaca 710:maajipohua 699:: 'houses' 668:: 'my son' 646:Morphology 518:Consonants 511:Consonants 452:Near-close 381:Pananuyuri 200:indigenous 1947:Harákmbut 1726:Cajamarca 1680:Kashinawa 1516:Chamicuro 1433:AshĂ©ninga 1428:Asháninka 1403:languages 1298:"Arabela" 1033:anaphoric 925:niajaniya 911:paajaniya 713:: 'women' 577:Fricative 387:Phonology 227:Chiripunu 223:Chiripuno 202:American 140:Glottolog 124:ISO 639-3 44:Ethnicity 1977:Taushiro 1937:Ese Ejja 1898:Zaparoan 1852:Tucanoan 1823:Ayacucho 1815:Southern 1762:Pacaraos 1756:Huallaga 1709:Quechuan 1699:Yaminawa 1670:Iskonawa 1632:Huambisa 1627:Aguaruna 1619:Jivaroan 1521:Yanesha' 1502:ResĂ­garo 1443:Caquinte 1438:Axininca 1411:Arawakan 1387:(Tumbes) 1369:Amazonic 1216:Archived 1131:taamueca 886:nojuajua 798:Pronouns 651:The noun 538:Alveolar 528:Bilabial 341:Arabelas 281:Zaparoan 269:official 212:Peruvian 208:Zaparoan 204:language 187:Help:IPA 147:arab1268 73:Zaparoan 1987:Urarina 1972:Puquina 1967:Munichi 1962:Mochica 1958:family) 1943:family) 1941:Tacanan 1906:Arabela 1787:Lowland 1752:Huánuco 1740:Central 1694:Shipibo 1675:Kashibo 1665:Amawaka 1645:Shiwiar 1535:Aymaran 1509:Western 1476:Iñapari 1379:Coastal 1183:Arabela 1142:: where 1107:canapue 860:-nijiya 793:'stone' 718:niyacoo 553:Glottal 353:©2008, 337:Spanish 321:Conambo 305:Spanish 297:shifted 238:Quechua 234:Spanish 206:of the 196:Arabela 183:Unicode 160:Arabela 81:Arabela 22:Arabela 1982:Ticuna 1956:Arauan 1952:Kulina 1911:Iquito 1888:Omagua 1883:Cocama 1875:Tupian 1865:Secoya 1860:OrejĂłn 1805:Kichwa 1747:Ancash 1689:Pisabo 1685:MatsĂ©s 1657:Panoan 1640:Achuar 1609:Jebero 1586:Ocaina 1548:Jaqaru 1543:Aymara 1392:Loncco 1374:Andean 1305:Online 1155:teyano 1118:: what 1000:nojori 972:quinio 938:nojori 879:-quiaa 854:janiya 784:saijia 757:maapue 533:Dental 410:Vowels 403:Vowels 397:vowels 333:Kichwa 313:Zaparo 244:. The 108:  1992:Yagua 1932:Culle 1828:Cusco 1800:Lamas 1767:Wanka 1453:Nanti 1420:Campa 1134:: how 1115:casaa 1102:: who 986:canaa 918:canaa 873:quiaa 765:nucua 751:maanu 743:canuu 704:maaji 696:tiaca 628:Trill 594:Nasal 548:Velar 433:Close 420:Front 359:(the 317:Andoa 309:Shuar 240:as a 1838:Puno 1772:Yaru 1566:Bora 1486:Yine 1468:Piro 1147:teje 1099:cana 1075:cuno 959:quia 931:niaa 905:-pue 892:-Vri 737:caya 560:Stop 484:Open 425:Back 335:and 319:and 289:Peru 265:Peru 225:and 111:Peru 38:Peru 1185:at 1139:tee 1123:taa 1061:nio 1053:noo 1028:-no 1012:-no 993:nia 952:cua 899:paa 790:sai 690:tia 468:Mid 303:or 299:to 236:or 169:IPA 155:ELP 131:arl 2044:: 1300:. 1292:; 1203:^ 1171:^ 1047:: 1006:na 979:pa 966:na 323:. 260:. 218:. 1954:( 1939:( 1758:) 1754:( 1687:/ 1345:e 1338:t 1331:v 1225:. 774:' 760:' 746:' 535:/ 490:a 476:o 458:ÉŞ 444:u 439:i 189:.

Index

Peru
Language family
Zaparoan
Peru
ISO 639-3
arl
Glottolog
arab1268
ELP
Arabela
IPA
rendering support
question marks, boxes, or other symbols
Unicode
Help:IPA
indigenous
language
Zaparoan
Peruvian
Arabela river
Spanish
Quechua
second language
literacy rate
first language
second language
SOV word order
Peru
official
Zaparoan

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑