536:. This amount was later raised to 2.1 billion cubic metres (74 billion cubic feet) per year to be delivered through the year 2028. In addition, by late 2009, EMG signed contracts to supply through the pipeline an additional 2 billion cubic metres (71 billion cubic feet) per year to private electricity generators and various industrial concerns in Israel and negotiations with other potential buyers were ongoing. In 2010, the pipeline supplied approximately half of the natural gas consumed in Israel, with the other half being supplied from domestic resources. With the capacity to supply 7 billion cubic metres (250 billion cubic feet) per year, it made Israel one of Egypt's most important natural gas export markets. In 2010 some Egyptian activists appealed for a legal provision against governmental authorities to stop gas flow to Israel according to the obscure contract and very low price compared to the global rates, however the provision was denied by Mubarak regime for unknown reasons. In 2011, after the
636:'s pipeline in northern Sinai to El-Arish which feeds the Arab Gas Pipeline and the pipeline to Israel. The attacks have been carried out by Bedouin complaining of economic neglect and discrimination by the central Cairo government. By spring 2013 the pipeline returned to continuous operation, however, due to persistent natural gas shortages in Egypt, the gas supply to Israel was suspended indefinitely while the supply to Jordan was resumed, but at a rate substantially below the contracted amount. Since then the pipeline was targeted by militants several more times.
277:
Sections of the pipeline continued to operate in Jordan to facilitate domestic transport of gas. The pipeline was reversed to flow gas from Jordan to Egypt from 2015 to 2018 (fed by imported LNG through Jordan's Aqaba LNG reception terminal). The recovery in
Egyptian gas production has enabled gas to flow to Jordan through the link from 2018. In 2020 the pipeline also began distributing gas from Israel inside Jordan, while the underwater branch to Israel was reversed to allow gas from Israel to flow to Egypt.
31:
812:
800:
788:
824:
776:
520:(10%). The pipeline became operational in February 2008, at a cost of $ 180–$ 550 million (the exact figure is disputed). It has since ceased operation due to sabotage of its feeder pipeline in Sinai and gas shortages in Egypt. However, although originally intended for transporting gas from Egypt to Israel, the gas shortages in Egypt have raised the possibility of operating the pipeline in the opposite direction,
2074:
1652:
483:
Holding, a Czech
Contracting Company, who finished the project in May 2011. From Kilis, a 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) long pipeline with a diameter of 12 inches (300 mm) would connect the pipeline with the Turkish grid thus allowing the Turkish grid to be supplied via the Syrian grid even before completing the Homs–Aleppo segment.
586:
in Geneva. After four years of proceedings the arbitration panel ruled against Egypt and ordered it to pay approximately US$ 2 billion in fines and damages to EMG and the IEC for unilaterally cancelling the contract. Egypt then appealed the panel's decision to the Swiss courts, who also ruled against
507:
pipeline is a 90-kilometre (56 mi) long submarine gas pipeline with a diameter of 26 inches (660 mm), connecting the Arab Gas
Pipeline with Israel. The physical capacity of the pipeline is 7 billion cubic metres (250 billion cubic feet) of gas per year, although technical upgrades
595:
Since the
Egyptian revolution, Egypt has been experiencing significant domestic shortages of natural gas, causing disruptions and financial losses to various Egyptian businesses who rely on it, as well as curtailing exports of natural gas from Egypt through the Arab Gas Pipeline (even during periods
644:
coming online). In 2020 the pipeline began distributing gas originating from Israel to Jordan through the Israel–Jordan pipeline connection in northern Jordan. With the reversing of the Arish–Ashkelon pipeline in Sinai and the northern Jordan connection it is now feasible to supply natural gas from
607:
announced it reached an agreement, subject to regulatory approvals in both countries, for the sale of at least 5 billion cubic metres (180 billion cubic feet) of natural gas over three years through the pipeline to
Dolphinus Holdings – a firm representing non-governmental, industrial and
285:
The main section of the pipeline through Egypt and Jordan is 36 inches (910 mm) in diameter, with compressor stations located approximately every 200 km – providing for a maximum annual gas discharge of 10.3 billion cubic meters (BCM). The pipeline's capacity could be increased by 50% by
310:. It also consists of a compressor station in Arish and a metering station in Taba. The second segment is a 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long subsea segment from Taba to Aqaba. The third segment, which also includes a metering station, is a 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long onshore connection to the
1375:
Such groups, whose ability to operate in this area depends heavily on cooperation from local
Bedouins, have been suspected of responsibility for attacks on police stations and patrols as well as most if not all of five recent successful attacks on the El Arish natural gas pipeline that runs from
734:
On 8 September 2021 it was announced that Egypt agreed to assist
Lebanon during its ongoing economic and energy crisis by attempting to resume exports of gas to Lebanon through the section of pipeline that reaches Tripoli. This section however has not been operative since the early 2010s and may
694:
An overnight explosion on 26–27 September 2011 caused extensive damage to the pipeline at a location 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Egypt's border with Israel. As the pipeline had not been supplying gas to Israel since an earlier explosion in July, it did not affect Israel's natural gas supply.
317:
The $ 220 million Arish–Aqaba section was completed in July 2003. The diameter of the pipeline is 36 inches (910 mm) and has a capacity of 10.3 billion cubic metres (360 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year. The
Egyptian consortium that developed this section included
615:
In
September 2018 it was announced that the consortium operating the Tamar and Leviathan fields and an Egyptian partner will spend US$ 518 million to buy a 39% stake in EMG in anticipation of beginning gas exports from Israel to Egypt through the Arish–Ashkelon pipeline. Test flows through the
482:
as a first segment of the Syria-Turkey connection of the Arab Gas
Pipeline and Stroytransgaz signed a US$ 71 million contract for the construction of this section. However, this contract was annulled at the beginning of 2009 and re-tendered. This section was awarded to PLYNOSTAV Pardubice
276:
The pipeline has been used intermittently since its inauguration. Egyptian gas exports were reduced dramatically in 2011 – initially due to sabotage (mostly to its feeder pipeline in Sinai), followed by natural gas shortages in Egypt which forced it to discontinue gas exports by the mid-2010s.
473:
for the delivery of gas to Europe. Turkey forecasted buying up to 4 billion cubic metres per annum (140 billion cubic feet per annum) of natural gas from the Arab Gas Pipeline. In 2008 Turkey and Syria signed an agreement to construct a 63 kilometres (39 mi) pipeline between
565:
said that the cancellation was "a new low in the relations between the countries and a clear violation of the peace treaty". Eventually, gas shortages forced Egypt to cancel most of its export agreements to all countries it previously sold gas to in order to meet internal demand.
724:
In 2020, exports of gas from Israel to Jordan through the Israel-Jordan pipeline connection in northern Jordan commenced. An agreement was also reached to allow gas from Israel to flow to Egypt over the Arab Gas Pipeline fed by the Israel-Jordan connection via Jordan and Sinai.
587:
Egypt in 2017. Eventually, a settlement over the fine was reached in 2019 underwhich Egypt will pay the IEC US$ 500 million over the course of 8.5 years as compensation for halting the gas supplies. The settlement clears the way for gas exports from Israel to Egypt to begin.
616:
pipeline from Israel to Egypt are expected to begin in summer 2019. If tests are successful, small amounts of gas will be exported on an interruptible basis until after the Leviathan field comes online in late 2019 at which point more substantial amounts could be supplied.
645:
Israel into the pipeline at two separate points which should make it more resilient to supply disruptions. As of 2022, Egypt and Israel are also discussing the possibility of constructing a 70 km-long overland pipeline connecting from the existing Israeli gas grid at
508:
can increase its capacity to a total of 9 billion cubic metres (320 billion cubic feet) per year. While it is not officially a part of the Arab Gas Pipeline project, it branches off from the same pipeline in Egypt. The pipeline is built and operated by the
639:
In the mid-2010s the pipeline did not export Egyptian gas due to domestic gas shortages which forced Egypt to stop exporting gas to all countries. Exports were resumed in 2018 as gas supply in Egypt was increased (thanks mainly to the
169:
374:
where it connects to the existing Israeli domestic natural gas distribution network. The pipeline is expected to be completed in mid-2019 and will supply Jordan with 3 BCM of natural gas per year starting in 2020.
552:
Following the removal of Hosni Mubarak as head of state, and a perceived souring of ties between the two states, the standing agreement fell into disarray. According to Mohamed Shoeb, the head of the state-owned
410:. This sections includes four launching/receiving stations, 12 valve stations and a fiscal metering station with a capacity of 1.1 billion cubic metres (39 billion cubic feet), and it supplies
608:
commercial consumers in Egypt. In November 2015 a preliminary agreement for the export of up to 4 billion cubic metres per annum (140 billion cubic feet per annum) of natural gas from Israel's
557:, the "decision we took was economic and not politically motivated. We canceled the gas agreement with Israel because they have failed to meet payment deadlines in recent months". Israeli Prime Minister
1861:
711:
Between 2013 and 2018, the Aqaba–El Rehab section was the only section of the Arab Gas Pipeline outside Egypt that was in operation. It transported gas domestically within Jordan, mostly from an
669:
an explosion was reported at the pipeline near the El Arish natural gas compressor station, which supplies pipelines to Israel and Jordan. As a result, supplies to Israel and Jordan were halted.
1987:
1830:
346:, (24 kilometres (15 mi) from the Syrian border). The length of this section is 390 kilometres (240 mi) and it cost $ 300 million. The second section was commissioned in 2005.
442:. The agreement to start supplies was signed on 2 September 2009 and test run started on 8 September 2009. Regular gas supplies started on 19 October 2009 and gas is delivered to the
612:
to Dolphinus via the pipeline was also announced. The cost of rehabilitating the pipeline and converting it to allow for flow in the reverse direction is estimated at US$ 30 million.
691:
halted natural gas supplies to Israel and Jordan. An official said that armed men with machine guns forced guards at the station to leave before planting an explosive charge there.
1232:
1490:
1462:
718:
Starting in 2015 Egypt also occasionally used the Aqaba LNG terminal to import gas which was transported to Egypt in the reverse direction through the Arish–Aqaba section.
394:
The third section has a total length of 319 kilometres (198 mi) from Jordan to Syria. A 90 kilometres (56 mi) stretch runs from the Jordan–Syrian border to the
532:
Egypt and Israel had originally agreed to supply through the pipeline 1.7 billion cubic metres (60 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year for use by the
443:
1170:
705:
469:
reached an agreement to build the pipeline's extension through Syria to the Turkish border. From there, the pipeline would have been connected to the proposed
544:, many Egyptians called for stopping the gas project with Israel due to low prices. After a fifth bombing of the pipeline, flow had to be stopped for repair.
1263:
1671:
1853:
677:
2020:
1979:
1820:
600:
export terminals located in Egypt. This situation raised the possibility of using the Arish-Ashkelon Pipeline to send natural gas in the reverse mode.
1601:
925:
2178:
1913:
1891:
578:
in cancelling the gas agreement with EMG and the Israel Electric Corporation, while the latter contented the cancellation amounted to a unilateral
1627:
1956:
2213:
1787:
1086:
1440:
958:
848:
1296:
2223:
2042:
403:
323:
173:
1755:
2198:
1408:
In the past six months, suspected Islamist militants in the Sinai have blown up a pipeline carrying natural gas to Israel five times.
2208:
2193:
2203:
2188:
1202:
684:
517:
1421:
1034:
698:
On 14 October 2014, an explosion targeted the pipeline for the 26th time near Al-Qurayaa region south east of El-Arish city.
1116:
2218:
165:
1389:
1177:
561:
also said that according to him the cancellation was not "something that is born out of political developments". However,
2183:
874:
2111:
731:
On 24 August 2020, an attack on a section of the pipeline north of Damascus caused widespread power outages in Syria.
1352:
583:
1273:
302:
in Jordan. It has three segments. The first 250 kilometres (160 mi) long overland segment links Al-Arish to
981:
929:
509:
366:
in northern Jordan. Inside Israel the pipeline extends 23 km from the border with Jordan to near kibbutz
2012:
1573:
1519:
633:
327:
177:
268:. It has a total length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), constructed at a cost of US$ 1.2 billion.
30:
624:
The Egyptian pipelines carrying natural gas to Israel and Jordan stopped operating following at least 26
537:
533:
2093:
1923:
1883:
1946:
1699:
1547:
766:
513:
311:
2052:
1797:
1038:
1090:
629:
415:
181:
512:(EMG), a joint company of Mediterranean Gas Pipeline Ltd (28%), the Israeli company Merhav (25%),
654:
491:
In September 2004, Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon agreed to connect the Arab Gas Pipeline with
414:
and Deir Ali power stations. The section was completed in February 2008, and it was built by the
954:
900:
852:
666:
1756:"Egypt TV reports explosion, fire at gas pipeline in northern Sinai Peninsula near Gaza Strip"
1138:
1064:
1008:
712:
597:
1329:
1240:
625:
1060:
354:
As of 2018, a 65 km, 36 inches (910 mm) pipeline is under construction from the
8:
2147:
609:
2047:
2016:
1323:
1268:
1210:
1012:
728:
Exports of gas from Israel to Egypt through the Arish–Ashkelon pipeline began in 2020.
715:
reception terminal in Aqaba built after the discontinuation of gas imports from Egypt.
579:
558:
2129:
1550:[Dolphinus commences negotiations for the use of EMG's pipeline] (in Hebrew).
1760:
1765:
1357:
986:
754:
749:
695:
According to Egyptian authorities, local Bedouin Islamists were behind the attack.
470:
439:
386:, however it is located far from the Arab Gas Pipeline and is not connected to it.
135:
701:
On 31 May 2015, the pipeline was targeted by unknown attackers for the 29th time.
1951:
1394:
1112:
759:
744:
688:
604:
411:
245:
1983:
1857:
1631:
1300:
816:
646:
641:
541:
378:
A 12 inches (300 mm) gas pipeline from Israel also supplies the Jordanian
371:
1726:
1087:"Timetable for extending Arab gas pipelines inside Jordan and Syria discussed"
878:
2172:
828:
804:
792:
575:
419:
672:
On 27 April 2011, an explosion at the pipeline near Al-Sabil village in the
362:
on the Israel-Jordan border that will connect to the Arab Gas Pipeline near
1854:"Egypt Gas Exports to Israel, Jordan Halted After Sinai Pipeline Explosion"
780:
582:. The matter was referred to the International Court of Arbitration of the
355:
303:
286:
roughly doubling the number of compressor stations (to every 100 km).
1980:"Blast Hits Egypt-Israel Gas Pipeline, Forcing Supply Halt, Ministry Says"
1672:"Economic distress, not ideological fervor, is behind Sinai's terror boom"
676:
region halted natural gas supplies to Israel and Jordan. According to the
1143:
562:
434:
The Homs–Tripoli connection runs from the Al Rayan compressor station to
379:
237:
233:
155:
1574:"Developers of Israel's Leviathan field sign preliminary Egypt gas deal"
1037:. The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service. November 2005. Archived from
1035:"Stroitransgaz wins tender to build the third part of Arab gas pipeline"
574:
The Egyptian state entities supplying the pipeline attempted to declare
1821:"Egypt holds gas supply to Israel and Jordan after pipeline explosion"
338:
The second section extended the pipeline in Jordan from Aqaba through
2148:"Egypt agrees to send gas to Lebanon amid crippling energy blackouts"
1551:
650:
1731:
1362:
1171:"The Euro–Arab Mashreq Gas Market Project – Progress November 2007"
1147:
877:. The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. Archived from
704:
It was targeted by unknown assailants again on 7 January 2016, and
673:
504:
399:
395:
383:
343:
113:
109:
105:
1463:"Swiss court tells Egyptian energy companies to compensate Israel"
680:
unidentified saboteurs blew up a monitoring room of the pipeline.
1918:
1825:
1792:
1727:"Egyptian gas supply to Jordan stabilises at below contract rate"
1704:
1676:
1605:
1578:
1524:
1495:
1467:
823:
466:
435:
423:
359:
307:
261:
117:
65:
438:
in Syria and then via 32-kilometre (20 mi) long stretch to
1628:"Israel, Egypt Gas Partners Buy Control of Key Export Pipeline"
475:
462:
450:
367:
363:
265:
253:
121:
69:
57:
53:
2112:"IS-linked militants claim attack on Sinai pipeline to Jordan"
1602:"Egypt's Dolphinus Sees Gas Import Deal With Israel in Months"
1491:"Egypt in $ 500 million settlement with Israel Electric Corp"
875:"Natural Gas Pipeline (Al-Arish – Aqaba). Project fact sheet"
632:
until October 2014. These attacks have mostly taken place on
479:
339:
299:
295:
257:
249:
241:
139:
101:
97:
87:
61:
49:
1441:"Egyptian companies lose major ICC energy dispute to Israel"
1422:"Egypt-Israel natural gas deal revoked for economic reasons"
849:"Lebanon minister in Syria to discuss the Arab Gas Pipeline"
619:
264:, with branch underwater and overland pipelines to and from
1978:
Razzouk, Nayla; Galal, Ola; Shahine, Alaa (27 April 2011).
1176:. Euro-Arab Mashreq Gas Co-operation Centre. Archived from
554:
492:
407:
319:
131:
2130:"Blast hits pipeline in Syria, causing wide power outages"
1887:
721:
In 2018, Egypt resumed gas exports through the pipeline.
1700:"Insight: In Sinai, militant Islam flourishes - quietly"
1548:"דולפינוס פתחה במו"מ עם EMG להולכת הגז ממאגר תמר למצרים"
1520:"Israel's Tamar group to sell gas to Egypt via pipeline"
1115:. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections. 29 March 2006.
449:
There is a proposal to extend the branch from Banias to
1113:"Ministers agree to extend Arab gas pipeline to Turkey"
928:. Oil and Gas Insight. 4 September 2009. Archived from
1914:"Egypt gas pipeline attacked; Israel, Jordan flow hit"
1788:"Leaders inside, outside Egypt seek exit from impasse"
1297:"Egypt to Receive First Israeli Gas as Early as March"
1572:
Scheer, Steven; Rabinovitch, Avi (25 November 2015).
1264:"IEC may seek partial ownership of Egyptian pipeline"
764:
1626:
Yaacov, Yaacov; Magdy, Mirette (27 September 2018).
657:
and from there to the Arish–Aqaba section in Sinai.
398:
power station. From there the pipeline runs through
2075:"For the 26th time, Egyptian gas pipeline attacked"
1977:
1884:"Gas pipeline to Jordan, Syria set ablaze in Egypt"
1089:. ArabicNews.com. 25 September 2004. Archived from
982:"Israeli gas to Jordan expected in 2020 — official"
495:'s gas grid to allow Iraq to export gas to Europe.
2007:
2005:
1819:Issacharoff, Avi; Ravid, Barak (5 February 2011).
1322:
1009:"Syria Completes First Stage of Arab Gas Pipeline"
683:On 4 July 2011, an explosion at the pipeline near
596:when it has been available for operation) and via
1571:
603:In March 2015, the consortium operating Israel's
2170:
1818:
2002:
1971:
1845:
1600:Feteha, Ahmed; Elyan, Tamim (2 December 2015).
1061:"Lebanon Receives Egypt Gas To Run Power Plant"
1053:
1906:
1852:Razzouk, Nayla; Galal, Ola (5 February 2011).
1653:"Egyptian pipeline attacked for the 26th time"
1261:
1812:
1779:
1255:
851:. Ya Libnan. 23 February 2008. Archived from
1851:
1388:Buck, Tobias; Saleh, Heba (18 August 2011).
569:
1945:Saleh, Heba; Bekker, Vita (27 April 2011).
1944:
1625:
1599:
1517:
1233:"PTT buys 25% of East Mediterranean Gas Co"
1131:
678:Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources
527:
349:
1669:
1195:
1001:
955:"Iraq Joins the Arab Gas Pipeline Project"
498:
456:
429:
29:
1876:
1387:
1288:
1225:
1027:
957:. Gulf Oil & Gas. 26 September 2004.
926:"Arab Gas Pipeline Primes Lebanon Branch"
620:Discontinuation and resumption of service
590:
333:
2094:"Natural gas pipeline blown up in Sinai"
1938:
1747:
1320:
1314:
841:
524:from Israel to Egypt beginning in 2019.
389:
294:The first section of pipeline runs from
2179:Energy infrastructure completed in 2003
1753:
1419:
949:
947:
486:
2171:
1545:
1353:"Egypt's Dilemma After Israel Attacks"
1203:"Russians Build Turkey-Syria Pipeline"
1163:
1119:from the original on 30 September 2007
1079:
1065:McClatchy-Tribune Information Services
979:
961:from the original on 29 September 2007
920:
918:
518:Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation
289:
2214:Pipelines under the Mediterranean Sea
1947:"Gunmen attack Egyptian gas terminal"
1785:
1697:
1438:
1294:
1139:"Syria to Buy Iranian Gas Via Turkey"
1105:
903:. Gulf Oil & Gas. 26 January 2004
2091:
1894:from the original on 5 February 2011
1864:from the original on 5 February 2011
1833:from the original on 5 February 2011
1390:"Seventeen killed in Israel attacks"
1262:Barkat, Amiram (27 September 2011).
944:
893:
867:
547:
328:Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO)
2051:. 27 September 2011. Archived from
1754:Sweilam, Ashraf (5 February 2011).
915:
212:10.3 billion cubic metres (360
13:
2224:21st-century architecture in Egypt
2043:"6th attack on Sinai gas pipeline"
2013:"Blast hits Egyptian gas pipeline"
1990:from the original on 27 April 2011
1959:from the original on 30 April 2011
1518:Rabinovitch, Ari (18 March 2015).
1321:Shirkani, Nassir (10 March 2008).
1151:. Downstream Today. 9 January 2008
14:
2235:
1922:. 5 February 2011. Archived from
1786:Blair, Edmund (5 February 2011).
1420:Sanders, Edmund (23 April 2012).
1295:Magdy, Mirette (8 October 2018).
1209:. 14 October 2008. Archived from
584:International Chamber of Commerce
2199:Natural gas pipelines in Lebanon
2023:from the original on 4 July 2011
980:Ghazal, Mohammad (5 July 2018).
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
2209:Natural gas pipelines in Israel
2194:Natural gas pipelines in Jordan
2140:
2122:
2104:
2085:
2067:
2035:
1719:
1691:
1663:
1645:
1619:
1593:
1565:
1539:
1511:
1483:
1455:
1432:
1413:
1381:
1345:
665:On 5 February 2011, amidst the
2204:Natural gas pipelines in Syria
2189:Natural gas pipelines in Egypt
1324:"Egyptian gas flows to Israel"
973:
510:East Mediterranean Gas Company
461:In 2006 Egypt, Syria, Jordan,
280:
1:
2081:(in Arabic). 14 October 2014.
1698:Elyan, Tamim (1 April 2012).
1670:Bar'el, Zvi (24 March 2012).
901:"Arab gas pipeline agreement"
835:
735:require significant repairs.
516:(25%), EMI-EGI LP (12%), and
35:Location of Arab Gas Pipeline
1443:. African Law & Business
406:gas compressor station near
7:
2219:2003 establishments in Asia
1546:Gutman, Lior (5 May 2015).
738:
660:
534:Israel Electric Corporation
312:Aqaba Thermal Power Station
204:1,200 km (750 mi)
10:
2240:
2184:Economy of the Arab League
1439:Rigby, Ben (11 May 2017).
271:
570:Litigation and settlement
208:
200:
195:
187:
161:
151:
146:
127:
93:
83:
75:
45:
40:
28:
23:
708:claimed responsibility.
528:Initial supply agreement
444:Deir Ammar power station
416:Syrian Petroleum Company
350:Israel–Jordan connection
248:and was built to export
655:Nitzana Border Crossing
628:since the start of the
499:Arish–Ashkelon pipeline
457:Syria–Turkey connection
430:Homs–Tripoli connection
667:2011 Egyptian protests
630:uprising in early 2011
591:Reverse flow agreement
334:Aqaba–El Rehab section
2098:www.timesofisrael.com
1237:Oil & Gas Journal
390:El Rehab–Homs section
240:. It originates near
196:Technical information
1241:PennWell Corporation
1063:. Downstream Today.
1011:. Downstream Today.
487:Connection with Iraq
16:Natural gas pipeline
1890:. 5 February 2011.
1183:on 20 December 2016
855:on 28 February 2008
610:Leviathan gas field
538:Egyptian revolution
382:factories near the
290:Arish–Aqaba section
147:General information
2154:. 8 September 2021
2092:Sweillam, Ashraf.
1926:on 1 February 2016
1659:. 15 October 2014.
1398:. Jerusalem, Cairo
1333:. NHST Media Group
1093:on 22 October 2007
1015:. 18 February 2008
1013:Xinhua News Agency
580:breach of contract
559:Benjamin Netanyahu
422:, a subsidiary of
2136:. 24 August 2020.
1761:Los Angeles Times
1426:Los Angeles Times
1276:on 5 October 2011
1243:. 7 December 2007
1067:. 20 October 2009
932:on 4 January 2013
626:insurgent attacks
548:2012 cancellation
230:Arab Gas Pipeline
226:
225:
222: cu ft)
209:Maximum discharge
76:General direction
24:Arab Gas Pipeline
2231:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2055:on 3 August 2012
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1796:. Archived from
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1766:Associated Press
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1515:
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1376:Egypt to Israel.
1372:
1370:
1365:. 19 August 2011
1358:Business Insider
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1326:
1318:
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1307:
1292:
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1283:
1281:
1272:. Archived from
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1213:on 10 March 2010
1199:
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987:The Jordan Times
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815:
814:
813:
803:
802:
801:
791:
790:
789:
779:
778:
777:
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755:Energy in Israel
750:Energy in Jordan
471:Nabucco Pipeline
440:Tripoli, Lebanon
236:pipeline in the
218:
217:
33:
21:
20:
2239:
2238:
2234:
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2026:
2024:
2019:. 4 July 2011.
2011:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1952:Financial Times
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
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1881:
1877:
1867:
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1803:
1801:
1800:on 6 March 2016
1784:
1780:
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1471:. 28 April 2017
1461:
1460:
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1414:
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1399:
1395:Financial Times
1386:
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1330:Upstream Online
1319:
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1041:on 22 July 2012
1033:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
978:
974:
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924:
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906:
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882:
881:on 5 April 2008
873:
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846:
842:
838:
833:
821:
811:
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799:
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775:
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760:Energy in Syria
745:Energy in Egypt
741:
689:Sinai Peninsula
663:
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605:Tamar gas field
593:
572:
550:
530:
501:
489:
465:, Lebanon, and
459:
432:
392:
352:
336:
292:
283:
274:
252:natural gas to
246:Sinai Peninsula
215:
213:
180:
176:
172:
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1499:. 16 June 2019
1482:
1454:
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1287:
1254:
1224:
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1148:BBC Monitoring
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642:Zohr gas field
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542:Mubarak regime
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372:Jezreel Valley
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1735:. 3 June 2013
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576:force majeure
567:
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420:Stroytransgaz
417:
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358:near kibbutz
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2156:. Retrieved
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2059:27 September
2057:. Retrieved
2053:the original
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1992:. Retrieved
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1928:. Retrieved
1924:the original
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1824:
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1802:. Retrieved
1798:the original
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1703:
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1211:the original
1206:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1178:the original
1165:
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1142:
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1091:the original
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1069:. Retrieved
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:the original
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1003:
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985:
975:
963:. Retrieved
934:. Retrieved
930:the original
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879:the original
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853:the original
843:
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356:Jordan River
353:
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316:
298:in Egypt to
293:
284:
275:
229:
227:
219:
188:Commissioned
18:
2158:8 September
1585:29 November
1144:Syria Times
1019:23 February
647:Ne'ot Hovav
563:Shaul Mofaz
380:Arab Potash
281:Description
238:Middle East
234:natural gas
156:natural gas
79:south-north
2173:Categories
2017:Al Jazeera
1930:5 February
1898:5 February
1868:5 February
1837:5 February
1804:5 February
1771:5 February
1611:2 December
1475:16 January
1447:17 January
1247:5 February
1217:26 October
1207:Kommersant
1187:14 January
1155:14 January
1071:24 October
1045:14 January
936:24 October
836:References
503:The Arish–
2152:Arab News
2079:youm7.com
1984:Bloomberg
1858:Bloomberg
1632:Bloomberg
1552:Calcalist
1402:20 August
1369:20 August
1306:9 October
1301:Bloomberg
1280:2 October
1123:5 October
1097:5 October
965:5 October
907:5 October
885:12 August
651:Beersheba
649:south of
322:, ENPPI,
2021:Archived
1994:27 April
1988:Archived
1963:27 April
1957:Archived
1892:Archived
1862:Archived
1831:Archived
1732:Al-Ahram
1683:25 March
1531:18 March
1363:Stratfor
1337:10 March
1117:Archived
959:Archived
859:10 March
739:See also
674:El-Arish
661:Timeline
540:against
505:Ashkelon
412:Tishreen
404:Al Rayan
400:Damascus
396:Deir Ali
384:Dead Sea
344:El Rehab
326:and the
324:PETROGET
250:Egyptian
174:PETROGET
162:Partners
114:Damascus
110:Deir Ali
106:El Rehab
41:Location
2134:AP NEWS
1919:Reuters
1826:Haaretz
1793:Reuters
1739:16 June
1711:1 April
1705:Reuters
1677:Haaretz
1606:Reuters
1579:Reuters
1525:Reuters
1503:18 June
1496:Reuters
1468:Reuters
817:Lebanon
767:Portals
687:in the
653:to the
467:Romania
436:Baniyas
424:Gazprom
402:to the
370:in the
360:Neve Ur
308:Red Sea
306:on the
272:History
262:Lebanon
244:in the
136:Tripoli
118:Baniyas
66:Lebanon
46:Country
2048:Globes
2027:4 July
1269:Globes
993:6 July
829:Energy
805:Turkey
793:Jordan
476:Aleppo
463:Turkey
451:Cyprus
368:Dovrat
364:Mafraq
266:Israel
260:, and
254:Jordan
201:Length
122:Aleppo
70:Turkey
58:Jordan
54:Israel
1657:Youm7
1557:6 May
1181:(PDF)
1174:(PDF)
781:Egypt
685:Nagah
634:GASCO
522:i.e.,
480:Kilis
340:Amman
300:Aqaba
296:Arish
258:Syria
242:Arish
232:is a
178:GASCO
170:ENPPI
140:Kilis
102:Amman
98:Aqaba
88:Arish
62:Syria
50:Egypt
2160:2021
2061:2011
2029:2011
1996:2011
1965:2011
1932:2011
1900:2011
1870:2011
1839:2011
1806:2011
1773:2011
1741:2013
1713:2012
1685:2012
1639:2018
1613:2015
1587:2015
1559:2015
1533:2015
1505:2019
1477:2018
1449:2018
1404:2011
1371:2011
1339:2008
1308:2018
1282:2011
1249:2011
1219:2008
1189:2008
1157:2008
1125:2007
1099:2007
1073:2009
1047:2008
1021:2008
995:2018
967:2007
938:2009
909:2007
887:2008
861:2008
555:EGAS
493:Iraq
478:and
418:and
408:Homs
320:EGAS
304:Taba
228:The
191:2003
166:EGAS
152:Type
132:Homs
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
