49:
29:
709:
681:
Sillo, Roberta & Sanctis, Michele & Bruno, Franco & Attorre, Fabio. (2012). Vegetation and landscape of the
Simbruini mountains (Central Apennines). Plant Sociology. 49. 3-64. 10.7338/pls2012491S1/01.
651:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
176:. The development of these forests is ensured by the high rainfall in the Apennines (from 1000 mm in the southern mountains to 2500 mm in the north), combined with a temperate-cool climate. Because of
702:
695:
565:
556:
A 2017 assessment found that 7,403 km, or 46%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. About 55% of the unprotected area is still forested. Protected areas include
419:
380:
429:
360:
91:
1017:
569:
141:
996:
961:
901:
986:
573:
966:
951:
819:
450:
561:
162:
81:
956:
880:
721:
875:
870:
991:
981:
946:
916:
793:
788:
778:
413:
represent between 10 and 20% of the total number of species, increasing at higher elevations. Endemic species include
671:
971:
921:
911:
906:
860:
824:
1047:
885:
814:
768:
748:
687:
1042:
126:
926:
1022:
931:
839:
577:
322:
The mountain summits are covered with alpine meadows and woody cushion shrublands. Cushion shrubs include
1027:
829:
976:
941:
513:
773:
1037:
936:
763:
758:
1032:
834:
376:
340:
865:
844:
783:
743:
423:
344:
336:
809:
753:
581:
372:
199:
8:
529:
442:
415:
226:
64:
323:
264:
169:
512:
The ecoregion is home to several endemic and limited-range amphibians, including the
256:
718:
470:
402:
368:
364:
315:
252:
69:
631:
594:
537:
386:
272:
268:
206:
717:
502:
177:
1011:
277:
557:
521:
494:
454:
260:
242:
486:
309:
296:
248:
231:
186:), although still widespread, has been dramatically reduced in favour of
653:
478:
398:
350:
288:
182:
136:
724:
165:
462:
410:
48:
406:
394:
355:
28:
221:
187:
173:
114:
76:
566:
Foreste
Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park
453:
and neighboring reserves. Other native mammals include the
213:
393:
The ecoregion has a high number of plant species. The
666:"Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests".
53:Location of the Apennine deciduous montane forests
92:Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
1009:
449:) is endemic to the ecoregion, surviving in the
703:
647:
645:
570:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park
142:European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest
710:
696:
642:
358:mountain. Alpine meadow plants include
287:There are also mixed stands of beech and
574:Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park
202:, montane forests and mountain meadows.
41:) in Cimone Mountain, northern Apennines
451:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
205:The beech forests are characterized by
1010:
562:Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National Park
106:16,147 km (6,234 sq mi)
1018:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
722:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
691:
662:
660:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
163:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
82:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
632:"Apennine deciduous montane forests"
595:"Apennine deciduous montane forests"
212:. Beech often grows with deciduous
13:
657:
613:
551:
159:Apennine deciduous montane forests
22:Apennine deciduous montane forests
14:
1059:
587:
47:
27:
295:), along with relict stands of
675:
670:. Accessed 13 September 2020.
514:northern spectacled salamander
180:, the presence of silver fir (
1:
606:
578:Sirente-Velino Regional Park
405:have 1,500 species, and the
276:, and the evergreen conifer
198:The ecoregion has two major
7:
902:Central China loess plateau
830:East European forest steppe
430:Soldanella minima samnitica
319:in the northern Apennines.
10:
1064:
518:Salamandrina perspicillata
475:Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata
894:
853:
802:
731:
147:
135:
125:
120:
110:
102:
97:
87:
75:
63:
58:
46:
26:
21:
820:Crimean Submediterranean
469:), the Apennine endemic
436:
193:
538:Italian fire salamander
377:Saxifraga oppositifolia
341:Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
307:) and relict stands of
638:. World Wildlife Fund.
636:Terrestrial Ecoregions
601:. World Wildlife Fund.
599:Terrestrial Ecoregions
420:Ranunculus magellensis
1048:Palearctic ecoregions
967:South Sakhalin–Kurile
952:Northeast China Plain
668:Encyclopedia of Earth
542:Salamandra salamandra
424:Aquilegia magellensis
345:Vaccinium vitis-idaea
337:Sorbus chamaemespilus
1043:Ecoregions of Europe
582:Matese Regional Park
526:Lissotriton italicus
459:Canis lupus italicus
409:have 1,800 species.
397:have 1,200 species,
373:Polygala chamaebuxus
1023:Ecoregions of Italy
530:Italian stream frog
467:Capreolus capreolus
447:Ursus arctos arctos
443:Marsican brown bear
416:Androsace mathildae
381:Ranunculus seguieri
227:Acer pseudoplatanus
131:Critical/endangered
127:Conservation status
1028:Apennine Mountains
977:Taiheiyo evergreen
957:Qin Ling Mountains
942:Nihonkai evergreen
912:Changbai Mountains
328:Juniperus communis
297:Italian black pine
265:Tilia platyphyllos
170:Apennine Mountains
16:Ecoregion in Italy
1005:
1004:
876:Eastern Anatolian
871:Central Anatolian
861:Caspian Hyrcanian
825:Dinaric Mountains
407:Maiella Mountains
395:Abruzzo Mountains
361:Gentiana dinarica
155:
154:
1055:
982:Taiheiyo montane
947:Nihonkai montane
917:Changjiang Plain
886:Zagros Mountains
815:Central European
794:Western European
769:English Lowlands
712:
705:
698:
689:
688:
682:
679:
673:
664:
655:
649:
640:
639:
628:
602:
483:Felis silvestris
403:Monti della Laga
369:Androsace alpina
365:Gentiana nivalis
316:Pinus sylvestris
200:vegetation zones
51:
31:
19:
18:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1038:Montane forests
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
890:
849:
798:
727:
716:
686:
685:
680:
676:
665:
658:
650:
643:
630:
629:
614:
609:
593:
590:
554:
552:Protected areas
471:Abruzzo chamois
441:The endangered
439:
411:Endemic species
387:Carlina acaulis
273:Ilex aquifolium
269:Populus tremula
210:Fagus sylvatica
196:
54:
42:
39:Fagus sylvatica
17:
12:
11:
5:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:Flora of Italy
1030:
1025:
1020:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
972:Southern Korea
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Huang He Plain
929:
924:
922:Daba Mountains
919:
914:
909:
907:Central Korean
904:
898:
896:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
881:Euxine–Colchic
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
855:
851:
850:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
804:
803:Eastern Europe
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
779:North Atlantic
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
735:
733:
732:Western Europe
729:
728:
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
684:
683:
674:
656:
641:
611:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
589:
588:External links
586:
553:
550:
503:Eurasian otter
438:
435:
324:alpine juniper
207:European beech
195:
192:
178:climate change
153:
152:
151:7,403 km (46%)
149:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:Mixed forest (
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1060:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
998:
997:West Siberian
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Sichuan Basin
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
852:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
730:
726:
723:
720:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
694:
693:
690:
678:
672:
669:
663:
661:
654:
648:
646:
637:
633:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
612:
600:
596:
592:
591:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Martes martes
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
434:
432:
431:
426:
425:
421:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
388:
383:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
353:
352:
348:, and relict
347:
346:
342:
338:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
317:
312:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
282:Taxus baccata
279:
275:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:S. torminalis
254:
250:
245:
244:
239:
238:
234:
229:
228:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:
203:
201:
191:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:
74:
71:
68:
66:
62:
57:
50:
45:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
738:
677:
667:
635:
598:
558:Monte Cimone
555:
545:
541:
534:Rana italica
533:
525:
522:Italian newt
517:
511:
506:
499:Martes foina
498:
495:beech marten
490:
482:
474:
466:
458:
455:Italian wolf
446:
440:
428:
414:
392:
385:
359:
349:
335:
331:
327:
321:
314:
308:
304:
300:
292:
286:
281:
261:Ulmus glabra
253:S. aucuparia
247:
241:
236:
232:
225:
217:
209:
204:
197:
181:
158:
156:
121:Conservation
38:
34:
987:Tarim Basin
507:Lutra lutra
487:pine marten
310:Picea abies
301:Pinus nigra
249:Sorbus aria
233:Acer opalus
1012:Categories
937:Manchurian
759:Cantabrian
725:ecoregions
719:Palearctic
607:References
479:forest cat
399:Gran Sasso
351:Pinus mugo
293:Abies alba
289:silver fir
243:A. lobelii
183:Abies alba
137:Global 200
70:Palearctic
35:Abies alba
895:East Asia
854:West Asia
835:Pannonian
546:gigliolii
237:obtusatum
166:ecoregion
148:Protected
98:Geography
927:HokkaidĹŤ
866:Caucasus
845:Sarmatic
789:Pyrenees
784:Po Basin
744:Atlantic
739:Apennine
501:), and
463:roe deer
774:Madeira
536:), and
356:Maiella
330:subsp.
305:italica
218:Quercus
168:in the
111:Country
88:Borders
59:Ecology
992:Ussuri
840:Rodope
810:Balkan
764:Celtic
754:Baltic
749:Azores
580:, and
427:, and
384:, and
240:, and
222:maples
220:spp.)
161:are a
544:ssp.
437:Fauna
303:var.
235:ssp.
194:Flora
188:beech
174:Italy
115:Italy
77:Biome
65:Realm
401:and
332:nana
313:and
214:oaks
157:The
103:Area
37:and
548:).
516:, (
509:).
493:),
485:),
477:),
461:),
354:on
334:),
284:).
278:yew
246:),
172:of
1014::
659:^
644:^
634:.
615:^
597:.
584:.
576:,
572:,
568:,
564:,
560:,
528:,
520:)
433:.
422:,
418:,
390:.
379:,
375:,
371:,
367:,
363:,
343:,
339:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
230:,
190:.
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505:(
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