Antisemitism in Europe

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promoted the view of Ľudovít Štúr—the leading representative of Slovak national revival in the nineteenth century—that Jews have no historical, cultural, or social ties with Slovaks. When the Jewish community expressed outrage against the demonstration of Kotleba supporters in Komárno in 2005, Kotleba defended the extremists by accusing Jews of plotting "against the Slovak nation, statehood, and Christian traditions" often with the help of the "Magyar chauvinists and domestic traitors". In Kotleba's eyes, every political skirmish in Slovakia is a "very well prepared performance" directed by Z. O. G. (the "Zionist Occupation Government").

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Minister Manuel Valls expressed his concern about the trend: "If 100,000 French people of Spanish origin were to leave, I would never say that France is not France anymore. But if 100,000 Jews leave, France will no longer be France. The French Republic will be judged a failure." The trend of increased emigration continued into 2015 due to a rise in assaults and intimidation by Muslim extremists. Emigration levels declined in each year from 2015 through 2020. However, a 2024 survey showed that 68% of French Jews feel unsafe in light of rising antisemitism, and many are considering emigrating.

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obsession with religious and ethnic unity which is based on the conception of an imaginary "internal enemy" plotting the downfall of the Catholic religion and the traditional social order. However, this assumption clashes with the fact that 21st-century Spain is one of the most secularized countries in Europe, with only 3% of Spaniards considering religion as one of their three most important values and thus not linking it to their national or personal identity. Furthermore, in modern Spain there is not an "internal enemy" scare but in far-right circles, which are more often focused against

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local businesses and bribing the government, alongside traditional and religious motives for antisemitism (blood libels for example). Most of the antisemitic incidents are against Jewish cemeteries and buildings (community centers and synagogues). Nevertheless, there were several violent attacks against Jews in Moscow in 2006 when a neo-Nazi stabbed nine people at the Bolshaya Bronnaya Synagogue, the failed bomb attack on the same synagogue in 1999, the threats against Jewish pilgrims in Uman, Ukraine and the attack against a

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beliefs has remained, but the means of circumventing it linguistically have extended its boundaries in such a way that the taboo itself appears to have lost some of its significance. Anti-Jewish prejudices which had remained hidden began to surface and were increasingly found in public settings. Thus, verbal antisemitism was rarely expressed directly, but rather used coded expressions, which reflected one of the country's major characteristics – ambivalence and ambiguity toward its past.

9341: 3637: 1957: 5174: 4911:"Between 1968 and 1971, 12,927 stateless Poles of Jewish nationality (the emigration had automatically deprived them of their Polish citizenship) left the country. Their official destination was Israel. The state had allowed them to go only if they would choose Israel as their destination. Yet in fact, only 28% went there. Larger groups were also taken by Sweden, Denmark, and the US, and smaller numbers of people went to Italy, France, Germany, and Great Britain." 5459: 1485: 3871: 1612: 114: 4224: 4513: 1806: 5730: 8646:

blive vedtaget, hvor længe kan man da fortsætte sin tilværelse i Danmark? (...) En sådan vedvarende og generel uro for, at man kan blive nødsaget til at skulle rejse fra sit fædreland, fordi man har i sinde at fortsætte med at praktisere sin religion, har arabiske bøller hidtil ikke formået at skabe blandt de danske jøder. Denne tvivlsomme ære tilfalder alene Jyllands-Posten og dens venner i omskæringsdebatten.

6107:. Translated from the German by Harry Zohn. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 89. Concerning exceptions: "Nevertheless, until well into the Middle Ages there still were Jews in rural settlements, and even beyond the period of the Crusades Jews owned lands, vineyards, and fields here or there in the small country towns and even cultivated them; our chief source for this is the Responsa." 5003: 2197:(described below) and on the other hand with the rise of far-right political parties as a result of the economic crisis of 2008. There are a number of antisemitic political parties in the EU, and a survey in ten European countries—specifically Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom—revealed high levels of antisemitic attitudes. Greece's 3679:, an Austrian sociologist, has characterized antisemitism in Austria after 1945 as an 'antisemitism without Jews', since Jews constituted only 0.1 percent of the Austrian population. Antisemitism was stronger in those areas where Jews no longer lived and where previously practically no Jews had lived, and among people who neither have had nor have any personal contact with Jews. 4070:(Human Rights Commission) reported six times more antisemitic incidents than in 2001 (193 incidents in 2002). The commission's statistics showed that antisemitic acts constituted 62% of all racist acts in the country (compared to 45% in 2001 and 80% in 2000). The report documented 313 violent acts against people or property, including 38 injuries and the murder of someone with 3765:

the municipality saw a 'hate campaign under the pretext of anti-Zionism.'" Several other incidents occurred in 2012- in November Demonstrators at an anti-Israel rally in Antwerp rally chanted "Hamas, Hamas, all Jews to the gas." In October, a synagogue in Brussels was vandalized by two unidentified male perpetrators who spray-painted "death to the Jews" and "boom" on the wall.

3530:, publicly commented on so-called "Judaist" xenophobia in Armenia. She said: "Why are we not responding to the fact that on their Friday gatherings, Judaists continue to advocate hatred towards all non-Judaists as far as comparing the latter to cattle and propagating spitting on them?" Kharatyan also accused local Jews of calling for "anti-Christian actions." 3963:

actually be passed, for how long can one then continue one's existence in Denmark? (...) Arabic bullies have so far not managed to create among the Danish Jews so lasting and general an uneasiness that one might need to leave one's fatherland because one intends to continue to practise one's religion. This dubious honour belongs solely to

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of society." It found a reversal of this progress since 2000. It aimed to investigate the problem, identify the sources of contemporary antisemitism and make recommendations to improve the situation. As of 2014, 9 percent of the British population held negative attitudes towards Jews. In 2024, there has been a spike in antisemitism.

2292:" noted, "Despite concerns about rising antisemitism in Europe, there are no indications that anti-Jewish sentiment has increased over the past decade. Favorable ratings of Jews are actually higher now in France, Germany, and Russia than they were in 1991. Nonetheless, Jews are better liked in the U.S. than in Germany and Russia." 5259: 6094:. Translated from the German by William Templer. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 81-103; here: p. 12. Concerning exceptions: "The fact that the Jews nonetheless managed to acquire land in some regions is only further evidence of the frequent contradiction that existed between theory and practice in their treatment." 4569:. According to Centre for Information and Documentation on Israel (CIDI), a pro-Israel lobby group in the Netherlands, the number of antisemitic incidents reported in the whole of the Netherlands was 108 in 2008, 93 in 2009, and 124 in 2010. Some two-thirds of this are acts of aggression. There are approximately 52 000 3642: 3641: 3638: 10137:

descended in 1939... In the 1930s the realm of official and semiofficial discrimination expanded to encompass limits on Jewish export firms... and, increasingly, on university admission itself. In 1921-22 some 25 percent of Polish university students were Jewish, but in 1938-39 their proportion had fallen to 8 percent

3643: 4833:. The mob accused the Jews of murdering a Pole. At the last moment, a peasant woman emerged with the victim's clothes and confessed to the murder. One notable example of actual riots against Polish Jews is the rioting of 1716, during which many Jews lost their lives. Later, in 1723, the Roman Catholic Bishop of 4719:. He also claimed that six Jewish companies control 96% of the media in the United States, a frequent statement made by antisemites. Galtung also claimed that 70% of the professors at the 20 most important American universities are Jewish, and recommended that people read the fraudulent antisemitic manuscript 2346:. The study found that "people who believed the anti-Israel mythologies also tended to believe that Jews are not honest in business, have dual loyalties, control government and the economy, and the like." The study found anti-Israel respondents were 56% more likely to be antisemitic than the average European. 5193:) had adopted Hungarian language and customs in order to advance. Many Jews moved to cities and joined the professions; others remained in the countryside, mostly working as artisans, merchants, and shopkeepers. Their multilingualism helped them advance in business, but put many Jews in conflict with the 4604:

that Jews can no longer be safe in the city anymore due to the risk of violent assaults. "We Jews no longer feel at home here in the Netherlands. Many people talk about moving to Israel," he said. In 2013, the Dutch Center for Reports on Discrimination (CIDI) noted that there is more antisemitism on

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has the second highest incidence of antisemitic incidents in the European Union. However, it is difficult to obtain exact figures because the specific groups against whom attacks are made are not specifically identified in police reports, and analyses of police data for antisemitism, therefore, rely

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daubed on the memorial. Furthermore, Articles of antisemitic content appeared in the Latvian nationalist press. The main topics of these articles were the collaboration of Jews with the Communists in the Soviet period, Jews tarnishing Latvia's good name in the West, and Jewish businessmen striving to

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emissary who serves as Chief Rabbi of the country's tiny Jewish community said "I just visited the memorial the other day and everything was fine. This is terrible, as there are excellent relations between Jews and Armenians." The monument has been defaced and toppled several times in the past. It is

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In 2004, members of the UK Parliament set up an inquiry into antisemitism, which published its findings in 2006. The inquiry stated that "until recently, the prevailing opinion both within the Jewish community and beyond that antisemitism had receded to the point that it existed only on the margins

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reported on the current state of Jews and the level of antisemitism in Sweden. Henrik Bachner, a writer, and professor of history at the University of Lund, claimed that members of the Swedish Parliament have attended anti-Israel rallies where the Israeli flag was burned while the flags of Hamas and

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period, Jews were allowed to leave to go to Israel. However, if they decided to go, all of their properties and any possessions were automatically taken by the Communist party with no possibility of return. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, some properties were returned to them. Many Jews who had

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of Poland, became the victim of an antisemitic attack when he was assaulted in central Warsaw by a 33-year-old Polish fascist, who confessed to assaulting the Jewish leader with what appeared to be pepper spray. According to the police, the perpetrator had ties to Nazi organizations and a history of

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These sentiments started to diminish only with the collapse of the communist rule in Poland in 1989, which resulted in a re-examination of events between Jews and indigenous Christian Poles, with a number of incidents, like the massacre at Jedwabne, being discussed openly for the first time. Violent

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can be traced back to the 12th century. In 1848 Jews were granted civil rights and the right to establish an autonomous religious community, but full citizenship rights were given only in 1867. In an atmosphere of economic, religious, and social freedom, the Jewish population grew from 6,000 in 1860

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A 2005 French study showed that anti-Jewish prejudice was more prevalent among religious Muslims than among non-religious ones; 46% expressed antisemitic sentiments compared to 30% of non-practising Muslims in France. Only 28% of the religious Muslims were found to be totally without such prejudice.

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These numbers do not include Jewish Soviet or Polish prisoners of war that died in captivity as a result of murder or mistreatment in Norwegian camps, nor Allied Jewish soldiers killed in action in Norway. There is some evidence that prisoners of war who were found to be Jewish were singled out and

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After returning from the concentration camps, many Jews realized they had been dispossessed by the new Communist government. Jewish people were automatically marked as an upper class, although the Nazis took most of the property. Jews who still owned houses or larger apartments were allowed to live

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to declare in 2002 that "Anti-semitism is booming in Russia." Around 2015–19, there have been bombs attached to antisemitic signs, apparently aimed at Jews, and other violent incidents, including stabbings, have been recorded. Anti-Semitic conspiracy theories were still widespread in Russian media

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policy was also put into effect, banning Jews from rural areas and towns, and placing strict quotas on the number of Jews allowed into higher education and many professions. The combination of the repressive legislation and pogroms propelled mass Jewish emigration, and by 1920 more than two million

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Apart from the troubling aspect of the many half-truths, the misinformation and the often rather hostile tone that characterizes the circumcision debate, it raises a series of unpleasant questions for many Danish Jews: If a criminalization of so central a part of Jewish religion and culture were to

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said during a press conference: "Do you know who you are defending? You are defending kikes! Go over their and find out who is behind this company and if we should let them come here!" After Rimma Varzhapetian's protests, Aivazian claimed he did not mean to offend Jews, and that such criticism was

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In January 2019 the European Commission published a survey of 28 countries which showed a wide gap in perceptions between Jews and non-Jews in Europe. 89% of the Jews surveyed thought that antisemitism had "significantly increased" over the last five years, whereas only 36% of non-Jews believed the

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In Poland, the semidictatorial government of Piłsudski and his successors, pressured by an increasingly vocal opposition on the radical and fascist right, implemented many anti-Semitic policies tending in a similar direction, while still others were on the official and semiofficial agenda when war

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reports a higher rate of antisemitism in some years. A government study in 2006 estimated that 15% of Swedes agree with the statement: "The Jews have too much influence in the world today". 5% of the total adult population and 39% of adult Muslims "harbour systematic antisemitic views". The former

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found that individuals and groups belonging to the extreme right and extreme left were equally represented as perpetrators of antisemitic harassment and assault, while a large part of the attacks was committed by Muslim assailants. The study also found that 70% of the participants feared a rise in

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According to a 2006 poll by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, 71% of French Muslims have positive views of Jews, the highest percentage in the world. According to the National Advisory Committee on Human Rights, antisemitic acts account for a majority— 72% in all in 2003— of racist acts in France.

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in Brussels. Two days later, a young Muslim man entered the CCU (Jewish Cultural Center) while an event was taking place and shouted racist slurs. A month later, a school bus in Antwerp, that was driving five-year-old Jewish children was stoned by a group of Muslim teens. Towards the end of August

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The behavior prompted by the 2012 local elections in the municipality of Schaarbeek impelled the president of the Coordination Committee of Jewish Organizations in Belgium, Maurice Sosnowski, to observe that "'candidates who belonged to the Jewish community were attacked for their affiliation' and

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in 2012, antisemitic attitudes in ten European countries remain at "disturbingly high levels", peaking in Eastern Europe and Spain, with large swaths of the population subscribing to classical antisemitic notions such as Jews having too much power in business, being more loyal to Israel than their

2221:, an openly antisemitic party, in the Hungarian parliament. This rise in the support for far-right ideas in western and eastern Europe has resulted in the increase of antisemitic acts, mostly attacks on Jewish memorials, synagogues and cemeteries but also a number of physical attacks against Jews. 1937:

cost thousands of Jewish lives and more than a million migrated to America. The second Russian revolution and the civil war that came afterwards sparked a new wave of pogroms against the Jews as nationalist militias and regular armies fought over the control of the country. The casualties from the

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in March 2003 and 2004, commemorating the 1848–1849 revolution. Further, during the demonstrations held to celebrate the anniversary of the 1956 uprising, a post-Communist tradition celebrated by the left and right of the political spectrum, antisemitic and anti-Israel slogans were heard from the

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About 7,000 French Jews moved to Israel in 2014. This was 1% of the entire French Jewish population and a record number since World War II. Conversations within the European Jewish community indicate that antisemitic attacks in France are the impetus for the high emigration figures. French Prime

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In Eastern Europe antisemitism in the 21st century continued on a similar scale to the 1990s. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the instability of the new states has brought the rise of nationalist movements and accusations against Jews of responsibility for the economic crisis, controlling

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Udover det foruroligende ved de mange halve sandheder, misinformationer og den ofte ret så fjendske tone, som præger omskæringsdebatten, rejser den en række ubehagelige spørgsmål for mange danske jøder: Skulle en kriminalisering af en så central del af den jødiske religion og kultur rent faktisk

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Germany and thousands of Austrian Jews were sent to concentration camps. Of the 65,000 Viennese Jews deported to concentration camps, only about 2,000 survived, while around 800 survived World War II in hiding. In the Habsburg Empire, the antisemitic movement was strongly concentrated on Vienna.

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aggression and will do what it takes to repress evil in its own nest." Speaking about Armenia's Jewish community Avetissian said that it consists of "700 of those who identify themselves as Jews and 50,000 of those whom the Aryans will soon reveal while cleansing the country of Jewish evil." The

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In 2023, 52% of 8,000 Jews from 13 European countries surveyed said they have experienced antisemitism in public in the year before the survey, 90% responded they had encountered antisemitism online in the past year. Overall, Jews in Europe are pessimistic about antisemitism and expect it to get

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On 14 March 2004, in his public speech to commemorate the establishment of the 1939 Slovak state, Marian Kotleba, the leader of the extreme PP-OS (People's Party Our Slovakia), mocked efforts to come to terms with the Holocaust past and marked out Jews as "devils in human skin". Kotleba further

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was proclaimed – that political turning points could be explained as the result of various "intrigues". From 1948 until 1986, Israel was not recognized by Spain, and Israel and Spain had no diplomatic ties. In 1978, Jews were recognized as full citizens in Spain, and today the Jewish population

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in October 2023, there has been a reported surge in antisemitism and anti-Semitic incidents to levels that have not been seen in years. A June 2024 survey found that anti-Semitism in Germany was very high, citing an enormity of "extreme violence". In 2023 alone, 5,164 antisemitic offenses were

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In western Europe, Jews were largely limited by local monarchs, especially as a consequence of the growing fear of competition with the local merchants due to the fact that the main occupation of Jews was commerce and banking. Notable examples are the limitation of the number of Jews allowed to

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In recent years a number of events of vandalism have occurred throughout the country – in 2002, 2003, and 2010, the Holocaust memorial in Thessaloniki was vandalized, in 2009 the Jewish cemetery in Ioannina was attacked several times and in the same year, the Jewish cemetery in Athens was also

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Since post-war prejudice against Jews has been publicly forbidden and tabooed, antisemitism was actually 'antisemitism without antisemites', but different expressions of it were to be found in the Austrian polities. During the 1980s, the taboo against open expressions of explicitly antisemitic

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in Armenia for Israel's refusal to give the Armenian massacres of 1915 equal status with the Holocaust. In addition, he asserted that the number of victims of the Holocaust has been overstated. In 2004, Armen Avetissian expressed extremist remarks against Jews in several issues of the AAO run

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in Polish-controlled Ukraine (1648) devastated many Jewish communities and tens of thousands of Jews were massacred, expelled, or sold as slaves by Khmelnytsky's Tartar allies. Between 1648 and 1656, tens of thousands of Jews—given the lack of reliable data, it is impossible to establish more

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Many of the prejudices cultivated during the Franco years persist in the twenty-first century. According to some, derived from the fact that almost all Spaniards are Catholic, and Spain remains to this day one of the most homogeneous Western countries, Spanish Judeophobia reflects a national

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Antisemitism in Denmark has not been as widespread as in other countries. Initially, Jews were banned as in other countries in Europe, but beginning in the 17th century, Jews were allowed to live in Denmark freely, unlike in other European countries where they were forced to live in ghettos.

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said that Jews could not live freely in Germany. In 2002, the historian Julius Schoeps said that "resolutions by the German parliament to reject antisemitism are drivel of the worst kind" and "all those ineffective actions are presented to the world as a strong defense against the charge of

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described these results as "surprising and terrifying". However, the rabbi of Stockholm's Orthodox Jewish community, Meir Horden, said that "It's not true to say that the Swedes are anti-Semitic. Some of them are hostile to Israel because they support the weak side, which they perceive the

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were officially carried out under the banner of "anti-Zionism," but the use of this term could not obscure the antisemitic content of these campaigns, and by the mid-1950s the state persecution of Soviet Jews emerged as a major human rights issue in the West and domestically. See also:

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that you shall kill Jews, all true Muslims hate Jews". Most of these students were said to be born and raised in Norway. One Jewish father also told that his child after school had been taken by a Muslim mob (though managed to escape), reportedly "to be taken out to the forest and

5635:, has sharply criticized politicians whom he claims offer "weak excuses" for Muslims accused of antisemitic crimes. "Politicians say these kids are poor and oppressed, and we have made them hate. They are, in effect, saying the behavior of these kids is in some way our fault." 10350: 3795:, compared with similar periods in previous years. In the wake of these staggering statistics, the International Movement for Peace and Coexistence (IMPAC) raised concerns about issues of bias regarding how the Palestinian-Israel conflict is presented in Belgian schools. 2388:

A CNN-sponsored poll in 2018 established that anti-Semitic stereotypes were very prevalent in Europe. One fifth of the people surveyed declared that Jews have too much influence in media and politics, and one third stated they knew little or nothing about the Holocaust.

10345: 5579:, has a history of antisemitic remarks including: "the Holocaust was a mere bureaucratic problem," "the great Wall Street companies are practically all in the hands of Jews," and "the Jewish lobby supports initiatives against the peoples of the world," among others. 5488:, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ordered the expulsion of an estimated 800,000 Jews from the country, and thus put an end to the largest and most distinguished Jewish community in Europe. The coercive baptisms eventually produced the phenomenon of the conversos ( 5630:

Initiative for the Study of antisemitism, stated that "Sweden is a microcosm of contemporary antisemitism. It's a form of acquiescence to radical Islam, which is diametrically opposed to everything Sweden stands for." Per Gudmundson, the chief editorial writer for

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during Germany's occupation of Norway, but was reversed when Norway was liberated in May 1945. Before the deportation of Danish Jews, there were 2,173 Jews in Norway, at least 775 of whom were arrested, detained, and/or deported; 765 died as a direct result of the

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On 31 January, RTV again made controversial statements about the Holocaust and Israel, during the news. After showing the video of the liberation of Auschwitz, a TV reporter called the surviving Jews "successor of the terror who abuses the innocent people in a

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A 2007 survey found that 20% of Irish people wanted Israelis to be barred from becoming naturalized Irish citizens while 11% were against the naturalization of Jews. Opposition to accepting a Jew into the family was slightly stronger among 18- to 25-year-olds.

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and persecution of Jews continued, in part due to fear that returning Jews would attempt to reclaim property stolen during the Holocaust or expose assistance given by elements of the local population in previously Nazi-occupied territories. An example was the

4047:: "We have the old anti-Semitism ... that comes from the extreme right, but new anti-Semitism comes from the difficult neighborhoods, from immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa." The most intense acts of antisemitism are perpetrated by Muslims of 2238:

by a Belgian sociologist showed that about 50 percent of Muslim students in second and third grade could be considered antisemites, versus 10% of others. Also in 2011, Gunther Jikeli published findings from 117 interviews with 19-year-old Muslim youths in

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where they wrote: "... 17 million people were killed automatically, among them probably 6 million Jews...." After being criticized for denying the number of Jewish victims, they changed the article. No official statement or explanation was made by RTV.

2269:, the child of Muslim parents from Algeria, murdered four Jews. Merah had previously targeted French army soldiers. A brother of the shooter, Abdelghani Merah, said he and his siblings had been brought up on antisemitic views espoused by their parents. 1683:

Another aspect of medieval antisemitism was the many restrictions imposed on the Jews. They were excluded from many occupations because of the fear of competition with the local population. For the most part, they could not own land, since, under the

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in one room; the rest of their properties were owned by the Communist party. Some of the Jews who opposed this policy were told they were "welcome to leave at any time". Jews were also told it was better for them to leave if they wanted peace from

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by Russia, Prussia, and Austria at the end of the 18th century, most Polish Jews found themselves under Russian rule. In order to restrict the Jews from spreading throughout the Russian Empire and to protect Russian merchants from competition, the

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Antisemitism has increased significantly in Europe since 2000, with increases in verbal attacks and vandalism such as graffiti, fire bombings of Jewish schools, and desecration of synagogues and cemeteries. Those incidents took place not only in

3900:, a Jewish school, kindergarten, and daycare complex in Copenhagen was vandalized, some windows were smashed and graffiti was sprayed on the school walls which referred to the ongoing conflict between the Israeli military and the militant group 1760:

In many cases, the court Jews obtained significant power as the "right hand" of the sovereign; in other cases, the court Jews were blamed for the financial problems of the states or when the sovereign lost his power. One notable court Jew was

5391:, which has been described by many as chauvinistic, has not been antisemitic. On the other hand, antisemitic remarks have been frequent among left-wing activists and commentators, as well as among the extra-parliamentary far-right groups. 4883:, there are also numerous examples of antisemitic incidents, and the Jewish population was certain of the indifference towards their fate from the Christian Poles. The Polish Institute of National Remembrance identified twenty-four 4530:

of Holocaust memorials, in Jelgava and in the Biķernieki Forest, took place in 1993. The delegates of the World Congress of Latvian Jews who came to Biķernieki to commemorate the 46,500 Jews shot there, were shocked by the sight of

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After the end of World War II, the remaining anti-Jewish sentiments were skillfully used at certain moments by the Communist party or individual politicians in order to achieve their assumed political goals, which pinnacled in the

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for non-medical reasons have been characterized as motivated by xenophobia in general or antisemitism in particular. Jonatan Cohn, leader of AKVAH (Department of Mapping and Knowledge-sharing of Antisemitic Events, a department of

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According to 2005 survey results by the Anti-Defamation League, antisemitic attitudes remain common in Europe. Over 30% of those surveyed believed that Jews have too much power in business, with responses ranging from lows of 11%

1680:, upon a decision by the city council, before the plague had reached the city. In the German states a total of approximately 300 Jewish communities were destroyed during this period, because of Jews being killed or driven out. 3840:. In the late 19th century Czech nationalists were sharply critical of conservative Jews who supported the German government based in Vienna, and also the radical Jews who organized a socialist party in Prague. After 1919 3523: 2189:

have also had consistently high rates of antisemitic attacks since 2000. A 2015 report by the US State Department on religious freedom declared that "European anti-Israel sentiment crossed the line into anti-Semitism."

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settle in Breslau issued by Frederick II of Prussia in 1744 and the banishment of Jews from Bohemia by the archduchess of Austria Maria Theresa, who later also stated that Jews had to pay for remaining in the country.

1847:, is that the Jews are a distinct and inferior race compared to the European nations. The emphasis was on the non-European origin and culture of the Jews, meaning they were beyond redemption even if they converted to 5500:. From the end of the nineteenth century, Jews have been perceived as conspirators, alongside the notion of a universal Jewish conspiracy to control the world. Following the Soviet revolution and the founding of the 6935: 4292:

showed a yearly increase of 10%, with 1,646 crimes linked to a hatred of Jews in 2018, with the totals not finalised as yet. There was a 60% rise in physical attacks (62 violent incidents, compared to 37 in 2017).

3466:. In that book, Jews (along with Turks) are identified as number-one enemies of Armenians and are described as "the nation-destroyer with a mission of destruction and decomposition." A section in the book entitled 8423: 2341:

surveyed 5,000 respondents, asking them about Israeli actions and classical antisemitic stereotypes. The surveys asked questions about whether people thought that the IDF purposely targets children or poisons the

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resulted in vast depopulation of the Commonwealth, as over 30% of the about 10 million population has perished or emigrated. In the related 1648–1655 pogroms led by the Ukrainian uprising against Polish nobility

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Jewish Council of Armenia addressed its concerns to the government and various human rights organizations demanding to stop promoting ethnic hatred and to ban ALM. However, these demands were mostly disregarded.

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The rise of modern antisemitism together with the rise of nationalism and the nation state brought a wave of antisemitism as Jews struggled to gain their rights as equal citizens. In Germany, this brought up the

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In 1819 a series of anti-Jewish riots in Germany spread to several neighboring countries including Denmark, resulting in mob attacks on Jews in Copenhagen and many provincial towns. These riots were known as

1696:, in 1215, Jews were also ordered to wear distinctive clothing, in some instances a circular badge. Some Jews managed to evade the humiliating requirement of wearing a badge by bribing the local authorities. 4803:, who were also decimated in the territories where the uprising happened, typically abandoned the loyal peasantry, townsfolk, and the Jews renting their land, in violation of "rental" contracts. Historian 5159:

Around the year 2000, antisemitic pronouncements, speeches, and articles were common in Russia, and there were a number of antisemitic neo-Nazi groups in the republics of the former Soviet Union, leading

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reported that the number of antisemitic incidents in Denmark "reached levels not seen since World War II," according to Henri Goldstein, the leader of the country's Jewish community; Goldstein cited the

3639: 2181:. In those countries, physical assaults against Jews including beatings, stabbings, and other violence, increased markedly, in a number of cases resulting in serious injury and even death. Moreover, the 10060: 5297:, was fiercely antisemitic, although many of his followers were not. However, antisemitism remained a recognizable feature of conservative, ultra-Catholic, and far-right groups in Slovenia until 1945. 3693:

during 2009 and 2010. Several hotels and apartments in the renowned holiday resort have confirmed a policy of not allowing Jews on their premises. Bookings are tried to be detected in advance based on

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and other extermination camps. The Nazis continued deporting Slovene Jews until 1945. The once-noticeable Jewish community of Prekmurje disappeared. Only individuals have returned; many immigrated to

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From the early Middle Ages to the 18th century, Jews in Germany were subjected to many persecutions but they also enjoyed brief periods of tolerance. Though the 19th century began with a series of

3887:, from the derogatory rallying cry against the Jews in Germany. Riots lasted for five months during which time shop windows were smashed, stores looted, homes attacked, and Jews physically abused. 1836:. It started as a part of a broader racist world view and belief of superiority of the "white race" over other "races", while existing prejudice was supported by pseudo-scientific theories such as 5646:

neighborhood, the reporter was physically and verbally assaulted and had to flee. Fred Kahn, a leader of the local Jewish community, claimed that most incidents are committed by Muslims or Arabs.

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eras led to a series of increasingly xenophobic and non-religious expressions of antisemitic phobias and outrages, even as much of the continent had experienced significant political reformation.

12396: 8127: 1707:. The greatest expulsions of Jews were in Spain (1492) and Portugal (1496), where Jews were ordered to convert to Christianity, or to leave the country within six or eleven months, respectively. 4970:

used a fire extinguisher to put out the menorah after a lighting ceremony in parliament. As a result, the Polish parliament stripped him of his immunity, allowing for his potential prosecution.

4684:

after one year of research, revealed that antisemitism was common among Norwegian Muslims. Teachers at schools with large shares of Muslims revealed that Muslim students often "praise or admire

1676:. As a result, many Jewish communities in western and central Europe were destroyed in a wave of violence between 1348 and 1350. For example, some two thousand Jews were massacred by burning in 5858: 3890:

2011, 2012, and 2013 averaged around 43 antisemitic incidents a year, which included assault and physical harassment, threats, antisemitic utterances, and vandalism. In July 2014, during the

9221: 4649:, which originally read, "The evangelical-Lutheran religion remains the public religion of the State. Those inhabitants, who confess thereto, are bound to raise their children to the same. 5387:

movements. Since 1990, antisemitic discourse in Slovenia has been predominantly linked to the left of the political spectrum, while it has been mostly absent from right-wing rhetoric. The

1672:

which devastated Europe in the 14th century also gave rise to widespread persecution. In the face of the terrifying spread of the plague, the Jews served as scapegoats and were accused of

12441: 3981:

with a self-described "minority background", report being accused of being "antisemites, traitors, persecutors of minority parents" due to their involvement in the circumcision debate.

5270:

The first noticeable antisemitic movement dates back to 1496 when the entire Jewish community in the territory of Carinthia and Styria was expelled due to the decree issued by Emperor

2230:

The few studies available which had been conducted among Muslim youth in various western European countries showed some similar outcomes. A 2011 study of elementary school children in

8946: 4688:

for his killing of Jews", that "Jew-hate is legitimate within vast groups of Muslim students" and that "Muslims laugh or command to stop when trying to educate about the Holocaust".

1765:(1698–1738) the financial planner for Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg in Stuttgart. Oppenheimer was executed after the death of the Duke and his story was used by Nazi propaganda. 3948: 12525: 3514:, accused Jews of assisting Ottoman authorities in the 1915 Armenian Genocide. His interviewee, Armen Avetissian stated that "the Armenian Aryans intend to fight against the Jewish- 1870:, was accused of high treason in 1894. The trial sparked a wave of antisemitism in France: eventually Dreyfus was found innocent of the charges in 1906. The affair greatly inspired 1757:" was used in some western European states. The court Jews were businessmen and bankers who received privileges from the sovereign and acted as their treasurers and tax collectors. 7753: 9497: 8783: 8097: 4161:. Articles attacking Jews, while concentrating on the commercial and political activities of prominent Jews, also frequently attacked them based on religious dogmas, such as the 3856:

The 2024 annual report of the Federation of Jewish Communities in the Czech Republic (FJC) reports a 90% increase of antisemitic incidents in 2023 from the previous year (2022).

3570:) and composer Ruben Hakhverdian supported Avetissian and called upon the authorities to release him. In their demands to release him they were joined by opposition deputies and 12488: 6943: 4811:"In a reversal of roles that is common in Jewish history, the victorious Poles now vented their wrath upon the hapless Jews of the area, accusing them of collaborating with the 4120:

followed in 1848, so that, by the early 20th century, the Jews in Germany were the most integrated Jews in Europe. The situation changed in the early 1930s with the rise of the

7827: 5572:

and in the international scene rather than to any kind of religious or identity obsession, and it has been defined by Jewish authors as an "antisemitism without antisemites."

4400:

that passed anti-Jewish laws. In 1939, all the Hungarian Jews were registered. In June 1944, Hungarian police deported nearly 440,000 Jews in more than 145 trains, mostly to

11139: 5285:. However, this was still a cultural and religious antisemitism, and not a racist one. Racial antisemitism was first advanced in Slovenia by some liberal nationalists, like 5046:(secret police). Although there is no hard evidence for this, the Russian police and army generally displayed indifference to the pogroms, for instance during the three-day 5360:, which had survived the two years of Nazi occupation between 1944 and 1945. Before the final destruction, the synagogue was robbed and burned by the members of the party. 12515: 12478: 11605: 3500: 7319: 12493: 11246: 3958:), describes the proposal as the main thing that "destroys the night sleep of Jewish Danes", more so than antisemitism among "young Muslim men", and goes on to say that 3562:

insisted that the government took steps to prevent further acts of antisemitism. Avetissian was arrested on 24 January 2005. Several prominent academic figures, such as

3534: 1692:

of land had the form of a Christian oath; however, there were exceptions. Their residence in cities was often limited to specific areas known as ghettos. Following the

11250: 5544:

numbers about 40,000 – 1 percent of Spain's population, 20,000 of whom are registered in the Jewish communities. The majority live in the larger cities of Spain on the

4424:

right wing, such as accusing Israel of war crimes. The center-right traditionally keeps its distance from the right-wing Csurka-led and other far-right demonstrations.

3820:, Bulgaria's capital city. Though no one was hurt, the incident occurred only a short time after antisemitic graffiti was found on a monument for victims of Bulgaria's 1699:

In the later Middle Ages, Jews were expelled from smaller and larger regions across western Europe as well as the German lands, including monarchy-wide expulsions from

9675: 9563: 9518: 8067: 4691:

Additionally that "while some students might protest when some express support for terrorism, none object when students express hate of Jews" and that it says in "the

4067: 1797:, restricting Jews to the western parts of the empire with the exception of a number of Jews who received permission to live in major cities, such as Kiev and Moscow. 12461: 12406: 12364: 8798:

Harris-Perry, Melissa. "A closer look at the Jewish community in France." Online video clip. MSNBC. Melissa Harris-Perry, 10 January 2015. Web. 10 January 2015.

465: 9894:

Rosenfeld, Gavriel D. (September 2016). "Mixed Metaphors in Muranów: Holocaust Memory and Architectural Meaning at the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews".

4187:

which removed most of the rights of citizenship from Jews, using a racial definition that was based on descent, rather than a religious definition which determined

1781:

accurate figures—were killed by the rebels, and to this day the Khmelnytsky uprising is considered by Jews to be one of the most traumatic events in their history.

12411: 7009: 6542: 4859:

in Polish-speaking areas. Cultural conflict emerged between the Russian-speaking Jews supported by the Russian Empire, financially and politically, and the Poles.

4739:

Around 14th-16th centuries the Jews in Poland were relatively well-off, compared to Jews in other European countries or non-nobles in Poland, as shown by the term

2358:

poll conducted in 2009, several of the countries showed high levels in the overall level of antisemitism, while other countries experienced more modest increases:

7480: 5094:

to achieve this goal. By the end of the 1940s, the Communist leadership of the former USSR had liquidated almost all Jewish organizations, including Yevsektsiya.

4872:

Anti-Jewish sentiments continued to be present in Poland, even after the country regained its independence. One notable manifestation of these attitudes includes

3853:

reported that antisemitism was on the rise, especially from far-right, pro-Russian elements: two physical attacks and three instances of vandalism were reported.

2118:, issued between 1952 and 1953, during which a number of Jewish doctors were arrested and accused of attempting to murder leading party leaders. Modern historian 12503: 6676:(paperback) Ch. 24. "И естественно, последовал новый виток антисемитской истерии. Уже в конце февраля по Москве поползли слухи: евреев будут выселять в Сибирь." 5316:(the administrative unit corresponding to the Yugoslav part of Slovenia) had less than 1,000 members, mostly concentrated in the easternmost Slovenian region of 3477:

to discredit "Aryans": "The greatest falsification in human history is the myth of Holocaust.... no one was killed in gas chambers. There were no gas chambers."

10910: 10681: 9443: 7553: 4924:, Poland remained among the European countries (with others being Italy, Spain, and Germany) with the largest percentages of people holding antisemitic views. 4273:

regard Jews as inferior human beings. A similar study found that most of Germany's native-born Muslim youth and children of immigrants have antisemitic views.

4059:

40% of racist violence perpetrated in France in 2013 targeted the Jewish minority, despite the fact that Jews represent less than 1% of the French population.

3481: 542: 8157: 5432:

with excessive brutal force". They ended an article with a statement, "when victim becomes a criminal." They also stated that Jews are abusing the meaning of

4743:(Jewis Paradise). At the onset of the 17th century, religious tolerance common began to give way to increased antisemitism. Elected to the Polish throne King 1982:

By the early 20th century, the Jews of Germany were the most integrated Jews in Europe. Their situation changed in the early 1930s after the German defeat in

12301: 10717: 3551:

newspaper, where he stated: "Any country that has a Jewish minority is under big threat in terms of stability." Later while meeting with the Chairman of the

3451: 2343: 2217:

of Ukraine captured more than 10% of the popular vote, giving electoral support to a party well known for its antisemitic rhetoric. They joined the ranks of

403: 11050: 8919: 4195:

riots, which targeted Jewish homes, businesses and places of worship, killing hundreds across Germany and Austria. The antisemitic agenda culminated in the

4153:

Anti-Jewish propaganda expanded rapidly. Nazi cartoons that depicted "dirty Jews" frequently portrayed a dirty, physically unattractive, and badly dressed "

10935: 9098: 8832: 7775: 7711: 7616: 7575: 3527: 695: 10487: 10336:

Hutzelmann, Barbara (2018). "Einführung: Slowakei" [Introduction: Slovakia]. In Hutzelmann, Barbara; Hausleitner, Mariana; Hazan, Souzana (eds.).

4657:

orders are not permitted. Jews are still prohibited from entry to the Realm." In 1851 the last sentence was struck out. Monks were permitted in 1897, and

3545:

expressing its deep concern with the recent rise of antisemitism. Armen Avetissian responded to this by publishing yet another antisemitic article in the

7594: 3655:

Antisemitism has a long history in Austria, typically focused on the large presence of Jews in Vienna. The Jews were systematically destroyed 1938–1945.

9397: 8227:

William I. Brustein, and Ryan D. King, "Anti-semitism as a response to perceived Jewish power: the cases of Bulgaria and Romania before the Holocaust."

8135: 4840:

On the other hand, despite the mentioned incidents, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a relative haven for Jews when compared to the period of the

3761:

in 2010: "The antisemitism now is even worse than before the Holocaust. The antisemitism has become more violent. Now they are threatening to kill us."

11098: 8599: 4862: 4035:

Despite the fact that a large majority of French people have favorable attitudes towards Jews, acts of anti-Jewish violence, property destruction, and

3495: 10854: 9691: 8274: 6818: 3816:

There are about 2,000 Jews still living in Bulgaria today. In early 2019, an incident occurred in Bulgaria where rocks were thrown at a synagogue in

3809:

Antisemitism became a political force in Bulgaria in the late 19th century. In World War II the community of about 50,000 was largely protected when

2023:

The Nazi antisemitic program quickly expanded beyond mere speech. Starting in 1933, repressive laws were passed against Jews, culminating in the 1935

9083: 6747: 2071: 8687: 7393: 3615:

located in the city's Aragast Park, a few blocks north of the centrally located Republic Square, which is home to a number of government buildings.

10840: 9155: 9044: 6509: 5655: 4247:

Perpetrators of antisemitic verbal harassment and physical assault. Attackers characterised by victim. An attacker may belong to more than 1 group.

5623:

Hezbollah were waved, and the rhetoric was often antisemitic—not just anti-Israel. But such public rhetoric is not branded hateful and denounced.

5217:

as Jews came to be associated with the Czechoslovak state. By the mid-1930s, a broad consensus of antisemitism had emerged across Slovak society.

11850: 11613: 8398: 7689: 5504:

in 1920, such "anti-Spanish forces" were primarily identified with the "destructive communist virus," often considered to be guided by the Jews.

4183:

The Nazi antisemitic program quickly expanded beyond mere speech. Starting in 1933, repressive laws were passed against Jews, culminating in the

2333:

regarded themselves as antisemitic, antisemitic attitudes correlated with anti-Israel opinions. Looking at populations in 10 European countries,

813: 700: 11176: 11160: 5564:, way more visible phenomena. Modern antisemitic-like attitudes in Spain are actually related to the perceived abusive policies of the State of 3844:, the first president of Czechoslovakia, strongly opposed antisemitism. He left office in 1935 and subsequently there was increasing hostility. 9781: 8659: 1512: 1408: 10881: 11302: 9470: 8864: 8741: 8627: 4896: 4096: 3791:

UNIA, Belgium’s federal equality agency, reported a 1,000% increase in antisemitic incidents in the two months following the outbreak of the

3485: 2107:, which occurred in 1946 in Poland when citizens violently attacked Jews based on a false accusation of the kidnapping of a Christian child. 3435:

has been filled with "Aryans vs. Semites" conflict manifestations. He accused Jews of inciting ethnic conflicts, including the dispute over

12296: 11437: 11432: 11424: 9604:"ADL Survey of Five European Countries Finds One in Five Hold Strong antisemitic Sentiments; Majority Believes Canard of Jewish Disloyalty" 9195: 9125: 9014: 7244: 4880: 4480:

A 2012 survey by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), of five European countries in regard to antisemitism included Italy. Of those surveyed:

799: 470: 398: 6356: 4494:

40% believe that Jews have too much power in international financial markets, which is also defined as antisemitism by the European Union.

10587: 5117: 4916:

antisemitism in Poland in the 21st century is marginal compared to elsewhere. Still, according to the 7 June 2005 results of research by

1085: 9353: 8105: 3631: 11939: 11581: 8334: 7041: 5177:

Headline of 21 September 1941 propaganda-ministry publication: "We've dealt with the Jews; the strictest anti-Jewish law is Slovakia's"

4475: 1225: 9381: 7844: 7501: 7152: 6560: 5903:

Bennett, Gillian (2005), "Towards a revaluation of the legend of 'Saint' William of Norwich and its place in the blood libel legend".

12242: 10029: 9267: 9246: 7796: 3547: 1821: 1704: 381: 10151: 9063: 7537: 2110:

The postwar period also witnessed a rise in antisemitic persecution in the USSR. In 1948, Stalin launched the campaign against the "

12247: 8716: 8519: 7177: 5642:. In the 2013 documentary, the reporter only received strange looks and giggles, but in the 2015 documentary, in the mainly Muslim 5372: 4674: 4427:

In 2012, a survey conducted by the Anti-Defamation League found that 63% of the Hungarian population holds antisemitic attitudes.

3731:

in 2009, a 100% increase from the year before. The perpetrators were usually young males of immigrant Muslim backgrounds from the

12060: 11552: 6987: 5763: 5281:

Modern antisemitism emerged in Slovenia in the late 19th century, first among ultra-traditionalist Catholics, such as the Bishop

4983: 4876:

rules imposed by almost all Polish universities in 1937 which enforced reduced numbers of Jewish students in those institutions.

1947: 17: 10158:, The Steven Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism, Tel Aviv University. Retrieved 12 March 2006. 9832:"Yiddish 'Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum" from Early Modern Poland: A Humanistic Symbiosis of Latin Medicine and Jewish Thought" 7824: 6765: 4815:

invader!... The Jews, reeling from almost five years of constant hell, abandoned their Polish communities and institutions....".

3675:

and continued to be part of Austrian political life and culture with its strongest hold in the political parties and the media.

1540:—has experienced a long history of expression since the days of ancient civilizations, with most of it having originated in the 599: 12341: 8232: 8029: 5692: 5325: 4570: 4551: 1393: 8848: 7732: 7521: 7221: 6891: 6527: 11231: 11214: 11148: 10433: 10364: 10070: 9975: 9948: 8318: 6790: 6050: 5992: 5958: 3894:, there was an increase in antisemitic rhetoric as death threats were expressed against Jews in Denmark. In August 2014, the 3427:, a famous Armenian political analyst and economist, published an antisemitic article in one of Armenia's leading newspapers 2409:

Rejection of Jews among Christians in specific social relations in Eastern Europe (source: Pew 2017, data from 2015 to 2016)

2114:" in which numerous Yiddish-language poets, writers, painters, and sculptors were killed or arrested. This culminated in the 1424: 165: 9672: 9498:"Antisemitism in Ireland 'Blatant and Obvious' in Wake of Hamas Onslaught, Says Jewish Former Cabinet Minister Alan Shatter" 8075: 4711:, made antisemitic comments during public speeches and lectures. Galtung claimed that there was a possible link between the 2027:

which removed most of the rights of citizenship from Jews, using a racial definition that was based on descent, rather than

12185: 12175: 12158: 12153: 12070: 7084: 5535:

attempted to use antisemitic discourse to explain the political transition to democracy (1976–1982) following the death of

4347: 4258: 3932: 3836:

are known for having less antisemitism than surrounding countries are, despite occasional flare-ups of it such as the 1899

3710: 3627: 2147: 2086:

With the end of World War II in 1945, surviving Jews began to return to their homes although many chose to emigrate to the

1304: 277: 267: 220: 210: 10603: 7449:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe – Chapter 8: Democracy, nationalism, and pluralism" 12195: 12168: 11599: 11271: 10952: 9312: 8042: 7642: 7059: 5075: 4721: 4677:, Quisling was convicted of high treason (including the unlawful change of the Constitution) and shot by a firing squad. 4634: 4352: 4030: 2143: 1914: 1753:

With the development of the banking system and the need of rulers for financing their growing state apparatus, the term "

807: 720: 386: 297: 260: 7016: 5042:

swept Russian Jewish communities. At least some pogroms are believed to have been organized or supported by the Russian

3953: 12597: 12416: 12237: 12210: 12190: 11518: 11487: 11460: 11392: 8464: 5712: 5031: 4989: 4826: 4760: 4681: 4471: 2151: 1769: 1505: 1418: 1005: 589: 376: 344: 322: 282: 180: 10100:"Before the "Final Solution": Toward a Comparative Analysis of Political Anti-Semitism in Interwar Germany and Poland" 9717: 5638:

Two documentaries, one produced in 2013 and another in 2015, secretly filmed reporters walking around Malmö wearing a

5519:

opened the way for the emergence of antisemitism in the Spanish Right. It was during the 1960s that the first Spanish

3499:

newspaper, as well as during a number of meetings and press conferences. As a result, his party was excluded from the

1776:

in 1264, which was ratified by subsequent Kings of Poland and the Commonwealth. Nevertheless, the Cossack uprising of

12291: 11482: 11295: 11086: 11018: 10169: 9843: 9814: 9453: 6673: 6665: 6653: 6019: 5743: 3769: 3585: 1398: 713: 609: 522: 393: 78: 56: 10822: 10688: 4869:, documented the pogroms and persecution of the Jews in 105 towns and villages in Poland in November–December 1918. 4128:

which referred to Jewish citizens as "dirty Jews" became common in antisemitic pamphlets and newspapers such as the

1998:

which referred to Jewish citizens as "dirty Jews" became common in antisemitic pamphlets and newspapers such as the

49: 12271: 12215: 11634: 11477: 10743: 8165: 7119: 5376:

immigrated from Slovenia to Israel have said they are now too old and too tired to start the process of returning.

5353: 5290: 5271: 4993: 4825:

mistreated peasantry, townsfolk, and Jews. The threat of mob violence was a specter over the Jewish communities in

4412: 2374:

Poland: The number remained unchanged, with 48 percent of the population showing deep-seated antisemitic attitudes.

2276:, the European Commission’s coordinator on combating antisemitism and fostering Jewish life in Europe, stated at a 2266: 2123: 2066:

where they were immediately or eventually murdered. In the occupied territories of the USSR, Jews were murdered by

2040: 1595: 621: 495: 327: 307: 10629: 9583: 7368: 6232: 6149: 5278:. The last of these evictions was issued in 1828 but restrictions on settlement and business remained until 1861. 4931:, is a Polish fascist, "far-right political activist and a former editor-in-chief of the Polish skinhead magazine 2320:, with France having the lowest percentage at 13% and Poland having the highest number of those agreeing, at 39%. 690: 12618: 12520: 11949: 11878: 11528: 11047: 7897: 7102: 5320:. In the late 1930s, anti-Jewish legislation was adopted by the pro-German regime of the Yugoslav Prime Minister 5253: 4621:

who was the driving force behind the repeal of the constitutional ban which prohibited Jews from entering Norway.

4443:

in 1904, who claimed that Jews "came to our land to fasten themselves on us like leeches and to draw our blood".

3777: 3718: 3397: 2155: 1673: 1235: 648: 614: 149: 9768: 8829: 5156:

attracted only limited settlement, and never achieved Stalin's goal of an internal exile for the Jewish people.

2365:

France: The overall level of antisemitism increased to 24 percent of the population, up from 20 percent in 2009.

2316:. The results of religious antisemitism also persist and over 20% of European respondents agreed that Jews were 12106: 11694: 8494: 4343: 4091: 4052: 4002: 3865: 3714: 3599:

On 23 December 2007, The Jewish Holocaust Memorial in central Yerevan was vandalized by unknown individuals. A

2325: 1723: 1080: 1070: 730: 658: 438: 332: 10655: 10356: 8249: 7871: 4296:

As of 2020, antisemitic crimes in Germany reached their highest level since Germany began keeping statistics.

1979:. Approximately six million Jews were murdered by the Nazis, accounting for roughly 2/3 of all European Jews. 1851:. This modern antisemitism emphasized hatred of the Jews as a race and not only due to their Jewish religion. 1591: 11803: 11751: 11629: 11492: 9127:

Jüdische Perspektiven auf Antisemitismus in Deutschland Ein Studienbericht für den Expertenrat Antisemitismus

9016:

Jüdische Perspektiven auf Antisemitismus in Deutschland Ein Studienbericht für den Expertenrat Antisemitismus

5768: 5241: 5105: 4979: 4734: 4521: 4178: 4019: 2380:

United Kingdom: antisemitic attitudes jumped to 17 percent of the population, compared to 10 percent in 2009.

1961: 1693: 1498: 1462: 1357: 1299: 995: 745: 428: 6917: 2265:

Islamic terrorists have been involved in some violent attacks on Jews. In 2012 in Toulouse, armed terrorist

1768:

Most of Europe's Jewish population was concentrated in central and eastern Europe within the borders of the

12281: 12111: 12028: 11761: 11455: 11288: 11102: 11078: 11002: 10449:

Paulovičová, Nina (2018). "Holocaust Memory and Antisemitism in Slovakia: The Postwar Era to the Present".

10383:

Paulovičová, Nina (2018). "Holocaust Memory and Antisemitism in Slovakia: The Postwar Era to the Present".

9749: 7448: 5453: 5342: 4873: 4264: 3909: 3606:

symbol was scratched and black paint was splattered on the simple stone. After notifying the local police,

3552: 2289: 2075: 1772:. The Jews of Poland had been granted an unprecedented degree of religious and cultural autonomy since the 1346: 653: 626: 443: 351: 339: 10346:

Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933-1945

9220:

Diehl, Jörg; Diening, Deike; Großekathöfer, Maik; Rapp, Tobias; Wiedmann-Schmidt, Wolf (27 October 2023).

8186: 6578: 5038:(which was later cut out from the Pale). During 1881–1884, 1903–1906, and 1914–1921, waves of antisemitic 3773:

2014, a 75-year-old Jewish woman was hit and pushed to the ground because of her Jewish-sounding surname.

2354:

own country, or "talking too much" about what happened during the Holocaust. In comparison with a similar

12582: 12266: 12080: 11825: 11798: 11791: 10794: 8989: 8600:"Anklager om antisemitisme og beskyldninger om "smålummer tissemandssnak" afsporer debatten om omskæring" 5380: 5122: 4775: 3841: 3507: 3440: 1762: 1383: 292: 7306: 6073: 4500:

27% of Italians say that Jews are more willing than others to use shady practices to get what they want.

12498: 12381: 12334: 12143: 11820: 11766: 11587: 11375: 9543: 9414: 6060: 4956: 4708: 4322:

was one of the main factors in the rise in the scope of antisemitic incidents and the rise of Greece's

2355: 2350: 1719: 793: 240: 6624: 3768:

The increased frequency of antisemitic attacks started in May 2014, when four people were killed in a

3480:

Similar accusations were voiced by Armen Avetissian, the leader of the small ultra-nationalist party,

1881:

affected those areas less. During the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a number of

12628: 12308: 12123: 12118: 11954: 11335: 10855:"La Comunidad Judía critica la "perversión antisemita" de Iglesias y le advierte de acciones legales" 10086:

L. Khazanovich: The Jewish pogroms in November and December 1918, Acts and Documents, Stockholm, 1918

9366: 8311:

The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935-1945

6892:"Rabbi's son foils bombing attempt at Moscow shul - j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California" 5748: 5699:. In Ukraine violence against Jews and antisemitic graffiti remains. Antisemitism has declined since 5412: 4940: 4935:, which openly supports anti-Semitism". Poland's former deputy prime minister and education minister 4626: 4416: 3905: 3804: 3432: 3405: 1987: 1844: 1368: 1240: 410: 205: 200: 193: 10202: 9369:, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Last Updated: 25 October 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2007 9000: 8309:

Gruner, Wolf (2015). "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.).

7936: 6218: 6135: 5201:, believed that Slovak Jews lacked a common history, culture, and society with Slovaks. Traditional 4236: 3420:

burned the Israeli flag, along with the Turkish and Azerbaijani flags at a protest during that war.

2074:. This practice was later replaced by gassing the Jews in the death camps; the largest of these was 1657:

On many occasions, Jews were accused of the ritual murder of Christian children in what were called

12567: 12562: 12540: 12401: 12276: 12065: 11959: 11419: 11387: 11038:Евреи в Украине. Учебно-методические материалы. Составитель И. Б. Кабанчик. — Львов, 2004. — с.187. 11029:Евреи в Украине. Учебно-методические материалы. Составитель И. Б. Кабанчик. — Львов, 2004. — с.186. 9782:"'Father of peace studies' makes public anti-Semitic remarks | JTA - Jewish & Israel News" 8688:"Denmark records highest number of antisemitic incidents since WWII, part of a grim European trend" 6338: 5388: 5225: 5145: 5126: 3567: 3559: 3463: 2273: 2131: 2059: 1568: 1429: 1413: 1363: 1245: 740: 302: 175: 144: 43: 9134: 9023: 8861: 8738: 4829:

at the time. On one occasion in 1696, a mob threatened to massacre the Jewish community of Posin,

4130: 2000: 12592: 12545: 12508: 12456: 12446: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12391: 12386: 12376: 12371: 12232: 12200: 12075: 11340: 10984: 9692:

Algemeiner: "Kipa-Clad Jew Nearly Run Down, Called ‘Cancer,’ by Passersby in Netherlands (VIDEO)"

9292: 5778: 5758: 5678: 5569: 5501: 5194: 4852: 4670: 4630: 2035:

riots in 1938, which targeted Jewish homes, businesses, and places of worship, killing 91 across

1378: 1130: 980: 867: 371: 312: 215: 139: 9519:"Old antisemitism; new pro-Palestinian trends: Why being Jewish in Ireland has become dangerous" 9138: 9027: 7421:"Jewish leaders in Europe want to stay there despite pessimism about antisemitism, survey finds" 7241: 6846:"From Obscurity to National Limelight: The Dramatic Rise, Fall and Future Legacy of Golden Dawn" 4763:, revoking and limiting privileges of all non-Catholic faiths. In 1628 he banned publication of 4212:

antisemitism. The truth is: no one is really interested in these matters. No one really cares."

2280:

workshop that the current rise of antiemetic events ‘reminds us of the darkest days of Europe’.

1582:, a program of systematic murder and dislocation of the majority of Europe's Jewish population. 12587: 12577: 12557: 12550: 12535: 12530: 12483: 12451: 12436: 12286: 12261: 12227: 12205: 12180: 12163: 12128: 12085: 12055: 11908: 11672: 11649: 11523: 11409: 11370: 11345: 11074: 8808: 8451: 8204:"Belgian NGO finds anti-Israel bias, antisemitism in local school materials revolving conflict" 7931: 7229: 6364: 6339:"Jud Suss The most successful anti-Semitic film ever made. Us www.HolocaustResearchProject.org" 5833: 5783: 5700: 5667: 5588: 5395: 5202: 5198: 5101: 4921: 4716: 4646: 4365: 4313: 4282: 4013: 2255: 2194: 2122:

has also suggested that Stalin planned to deport the Jewish population of the USSR to exile in

2098:. To some extent, the antisemitism of the Nazi regime continued in different guises. Claims of 1711: 1388: 1351: 920: 537: 532: 366: 361: 317: 272: 250: 225: 60: 11070: 10584: 10488:"My sme národnosti slovenskej, nie židovskej. Čo všetko už Kotleba povedal o slovenskom štáte" 9123: 9012: 6411: 6183: 1885:

occurred in Russia, sparked by various variables such as antisemitic political movements, the

1551:

While it has been cited as having been expressed in the intellectual and political centers of

12572: 12473: 12327: 12256: 12222: 12138: 12133: 12018: 11781: 11574: 11534: 11472: 11467: 11404: 11330: 9938: 9831: 9804: 9588: 9548: 8750: 8260:

Ethan J. Hollander, "The Final Solution in Bulgaria and Romania: A Comparative Perspective."

8008: 6445: 6104: 6087: 6041: 5983: 5949: 5798: 5688: 5481: 5445: 5309: 5294: 5233: 5221: 5210: 5206: 5083:, meant to blame the Jews for Russia's problems during the period of revolutionary activity. 4459: 4361: 4334:

attacked. In 2012 in Rhodes, the city's Holocaust monument was spray-painted with swastikas.

4319: 3810: 2111: 1905:

in 1903 when a local Jew was found innocent from the accusations of killing a Christian boy.

1878: 1606: 1488: 1316: 1095: 783: 773: 763: 685: 668: 490: 480: 460: 455: 356: 287: 235: 230: 97: 9564:"Rachel Moiselle: I'm of Jewish ancestry, studying at Trinity, where hostility has festered" 8903: 6845: 6709: 5321: 1665:(d. 1144), whose murder sparked accusations of ritual murder and torture by the local Jews. 12623: 11993: 11944: 11916: 11639: 11569: 11355: 10451: 10385: 9475: 9378: 5557: 4892: 4881:

many examples of Polish support and help for the Jews during World War II and the Holocaust

4841: 4779: 4756: 4327: 4300: 4277: 4075: 3985: 3722: 3417: 2405:

in the following countries who would reject Jews as family members, neighbors or citizens.

2377:

Spain: Fifty-three percent (53%) percent of the population, compared to 48 percent in 2009.

2202: 1976: 1785: 1739: 1472: 1279: 1230: 1175: 933: 873: 758: 547: 10026: 9099:"Israeli flag burning prompts German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel to back outlawing it" 8966:"'They called our children filthy Jews': French Jews feel unsafe amid rising antisemitism" 7793: 7262: 6965: 6657: 5408:. Although the synagogue is protected by security cameras, the culprits were never found. 3935:

translated parts of his speech, warning the Jewish community in Denmark, who reported the

3658:

Evidences of the presence of Jewish communities in the geographical area today covered by

2371:

Hungary: The level rose to 63 percent of the population, compared with 47 percent in 2009.

1832:

By the end of the 19th century a new type of antisemitism had begun to develop in Europe,

8: 12633: 12023: 11934: 11926: 11689: 11682: 11414: 11399: 11350: 10148: 9058: 8712: 8546: 7991: 7534: 7506: 7206: 7203:"A Year After Iraq War: Mistrust of America in Europe Even Higher, Muslim Anger Persists" 7202: 6324:

The Court Jew A Contribution To The History Of The Period Of Absolutism In Central Europe

5808: 5449: 5182: 5011: 4752: 4740: 4613: 4117: 2401:

Polling data taken in 2015-2016 shows the following results regarding the proportions of

2368:

Germany: antisemitism increased by one percentage point, to 21 percent of the population.

2095: 1833: 1677: 1571:

and restrictions on their participation in the public life of European society at times.

1321: 1220: 1213: 904: 584: 527: 485: 10615: 8887: 7813:

Armenian Jewish Community Leader Criticizes Environment Minister for Antisemitic Comment

6610: 6386: 4939:, who supported Farfal's appointment, is also a leader of the far-right and antisemitic 3904:. In February 2015, a Jewish man was killed and two police officers were injured during 12003: 11830: 11513: 11097: 11058: 10834: 10468: 10402: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10280: 10127: 10099: 9919: 9646: 9398:"ADL Survey In Ten European Countries Finds Anti-Semitism At Disturbingly High Levels." 9297: 9149: 9038: 8664: 8604: 7949: 7285: 6873: 6322: 6278: 6092:

German-Jewish History in Modern Times, Volume 1: Tradition and Enlightenment, 1600–1780

5886: 5793: 5612: 5561: 5301: 5190: 5019: 4744: 3750: 3555: 3413: 2063: 2047: 1934: 1919: 1790: 1777: 1700: 1662: 1289: 1195: 1115: 1100: 943: 826: 821: 768: 678: 448: 10632:. The Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. Archived from 10257: 10085: 8839:, Ministère de l'Intérieur et de l'Aménagement du territoire. Retrieved 12 March 2006. 8369: 7320:"ADL Survey in Ten European Countries Finds Anti-Semitism at Disturbingly High Levels" 6819:"ADL Survey in Ten European Countries Finds Anti-Semitism at Disturbingly High Levels" 6200: 5312:

citizenship was much lower. According to the 1931 census, the Jewish community in the

5289:. At the turn of the 20th century, antisemitism spread widely due to the influence of 5090:

were ethnically Jewish, they sought to uproot Judaism and Zionism and established the

1918:

which was first published in Russia in 1903 and became known outside Russia after the

1180: 1010: 11872: 11677: 11540: 11325: 11210: 11144: 11082: 11014: 10929: 10769: 10472: 10429: 10406: 10360: 10312: 10262: 10177: 10131: 10119: 10066: 10008: 9971: 9944: 9923: 9911: 9876: 9839: 9810: 9449: 8314: 7922:

Wodak, Ruth (1991). "Turning the Tables: Antisemitic Discourse in Post-War Austria".

7769: 7705: 7610: 7569: 7289: 7219:"ADL Survey in 12 European Countries Finds Antisemitic Attitudes Still Strongly Held" 7127: 7035: 6877: 6865: 6669: 6661: 6649: 6270: 6117: 6046: 6032: 6015: 5988: 5974: 5954: 5940: 5890: 5878: 5803: 5508: 5379:

In the 1990s and 2000s, antisemitism made a resurgence in Slovenia, mostly linked to

5035: 4947: 4904: 4415:

supporters continued their tradition of shouting antisemitic slogans and tearing the

4146: 3574: 3511: 3489: 3455: 2054:, the Nazis began the extermination of Jews in Europe. The Jews were concentrated in 2016: 1923: 1909: 1890: 1773: 1339: 1075: 855: 725: 636: 604: 562: 8947:"Israeli Official Unveils Plan to Rescue French Jewry from Escalating Anti-Semitism" 7953: 6296: 5869:. Content available in extract. Cambridge University Press (published 2016): 51–72. 11840: 11835: 11709: 11382: 11242: 10460: 10394: 10292: 10111: 10000: 9903: 9868: 9603: 9439: 8923: 8784:"French Prime Minister Warns: If Jews Flee, the Republic Will Be Judged a Failure." 7941: 7729: 7277: 7218: 6857: 6641: 6477: 6357:"The anti-Jewish pogrom in the Khmelnytsky uprising. [Archive] - The Phora" 6007: 5870: 5828: 5332:

had a strong antisemitic discourse and was instrumental in the introduction of the

5153: 5109: 4650: 4618: 4587: 4436: 4289: 4270: 3990: 3849: 3792: 3698: 3694: 3542: 3470: 3459: 3436: 3409: 2338: 2334: 2259: 2231: 2210: 2119: 2115: 1837: 1165: 1110: 1050: 915: 673: 517: 475: 170: 10949: 9967:

Russia Gathers Her Jews: The Origins of the "Jewish Question" in Russia, 1772-1825

9907: 9872: 8851:, Service de Protection de la Communauté Juive - Jewish Community Security Service 8203: 7535:

Union of Council for Soviet Jews: Antisemitism in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia

5687:

had their Jewish traders. Antisemitism has existed since at least the time of the

5607: 5329: 5286: 4845: 4288:

In February 2019, crime data released by the government for 2018 and published in

4232: 3618:

On 12 February 2021, the Holocaust Memorial in Yerevan was once again vandalized.

11866: 11619: 11275: 11054: 10956: 10591: 10232: 10155: 10033: 9965: 9679: 9568: 9385: 9169: 9067: 8868: 8836: 8745: 8572: 8355:

Livia Rothkirchen, "Czech Attitudes towards the Jews during the Nazi Regime." in

8128:"School bus carrying ultra-Orthodox Jewish children stoned in anti-Jewish attack" 7831: 7800: 7736: 7646: 7541: 7341: 7248: 7225: 6596: 6463: 6170: 5627: 5485: 5398:, the exterior of the synagogue was defaced with antisemitic graffiti, including 5334: 5258: 5214: 5047: 5023: 4856: 4764: 4665: 4639:

Jews were prohibited from living or entering Norway by paragraph 2 (known as the

4578: 4462:

criticises elements of the Irish school curriculum as "unabashedly antisemitic".

4389: 4369: 4158: 4063: 3891: 3588: 2214: 1616: 1457: 1155: 1090: 1065: 1060: 1045: 1035: 1025: 1000: 778: 753: 11177:"UK Jewish group records all-time high in antisemitic incidents after October 7" 10985:"Swedish reporter assaulted after wearing kippah to test attitudes toward Jews." 9584:"WJC President Lauder Labels Irish School Curriculum as Unabashedly Antisemitic" 8862:

2002 : le racisme progresse en France, les actes antisémites se multiplient

8424:"Antisemitic Incidents in Czech Republic Soar in 2023, Jewish Community Reports" 8399:"Antisemitism in the Czech Republic sharply increased in 2023, report indicates" 7945: 7754:"Armenian Parliament Deputies, Ombudsman Demand Release of Detained Anti-Semite" 7481:"Most Poles accept Jews as fellow citizens and neighbors, but a minority do not" 7420: 6791:"Antisemitism Summary overview of the situation in the European Union 2002–2012" 6748:"Washington: European anti-Israel sentiment crossed the line into anti-Semitism" 5813: 5282: 1859:

in 1819 when the Jews of Bavaria were attacked for claiming their civic rights.

1650:, beginning in 1095, when a number of communities, especially in France and the 1125: 11998: 11808: 11776: 11741: 11662: 11134: 11010: 10882:"Spanish watchdog warns of far-left anti-Semitic parties in regional elections" 8632: 5788: 5753: 5735: 5684: 5576: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5512: 5313: 5275: 5237: 5220:

Antisemitism in Slovakia has declined from the mid-20th century, which saw the

5173: 5087: 5067: 4967: 4936: 4917: 4887:

against Jews during World War II, the most notable occurring at the village of

4188: 4184: 3978: 3964: 3837: 3813:

refused to hand over the Jews to the Nazis. After the war most went to Israel.

3785: 2330: 2277: 2178: 2091: 2067: 2028: 2024: 1972: 1960:

A wagon piled high with corpses outside the crematorium in the newly liberated

1867: 1863: 1843:

The main idea of racial antisemitism, as presented by racial theorists such as

1810: 1640: 1632: 1552: 1533: 1284: 1200: 1190: 1185: 1020: 962: 594: 255: 126: 122: 11268: 8965: 8275:"Central Synagogue in Bulgarian Capital Vandalized by Rock-Throwing Assailant" 7639: 6861: 6687: 6495: 5874: 5818: 5324:, supported also by the largest political party in Slovenia, the conservative 5300:

About 4,500 Jews lived in Slovene areas before the mass transportation to the

4136: 2006: 1611: 1574:

In the 20th century, antisemitism in Europe, particularly during the reign of

12612: 11971: 11813: 11746: 11593: 10181: 10123: 10012: 10004: 9915: 9880: 9247:"Number of anti-Semitic offenses recorded by the police in Germany 2001-2023" 7281: 7131: 6869: 6274: 5922: 5882: 5773: 5601:, Sweden has the highest rate of antisemitic incidents in Europe, though the 5357: 5186: 5136:

Stalin sought to segregate Russian Jews into "Soviet Zion", with the help of

5097: 5079:, an antisemitic tractate, was fabricated by the Russian Okhrana, a literary 5059: 4748: 4704: 4658: 4192: 4174: 4140:. Additionally, blame was laid on Jews for having caused Germany's defeat in 4113: 4101: 3884: 3648: 3563: 3424: 2362:

Austria: Experienced a slight decrease to 28 percent from 30 percent in 2009.

2213:

by extremist Christian organization in Moldova in 2009. In 2008, the radical

2104: 2087: 2032: 1968: 1951: 1886: 1871: 1856: 1715: 1685: 1579: 1452: 1373: 1257: 1150: 1135: 1105: 985: 735: 11545: 10572: 10536: 10512: 10464: 10398: 10296: 8764: 8472: 6169:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. p. 20-21. Gay refers to historian 5205:

was joined by the stereotypical view of Jews as exploiters of poor Slovaks (

1809:

Antisemitic agitators in Paris burn an effigy of Mathieu Dreyfus during the

641: 12035: 11981: 11845: 11657: 11557: 11508: 11365: 11311: 11232:"USCIRF 2020 Annual Report: "Rising Anti-Semitism in Europe and Elsewhere"" 10972: 10560: 10548: 10426:

Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938-48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation

9725: 8295:

Michael A. Riff, "Czech Antisemitism and the Jewish Response before 1914."

6036: 5978: 5944: 5696: 5516: 5497: 5416: 4928: 4685: 4397: 4208: 4157:" Jew in traditional religious garments similar to those which are worn by 4044: 3943: 3672: 3484:(AAO), on 11 February 2002, when he also called for the Israeli ambassador 2055: 2051: 2036: 2010:

Additionally, blame was laid on Jews for having caused Germany's defeat in

1956: 1898: 1897:

about Jews killing Christian children. The most famous blood libel was the

1848: 1794: 1631:

was largely influenced by the Christian belief that the Jewish people were

1575: 1560: 1556: 1541: 1525: 1467: 1326: 1267: 1170: 1055: 1040: 878: 569: 113: 105: 9771:, Norway International Network, Views and News from Norway, 16 March 2010. 8809:"CNN.com - Poll: Muslims, West eye each other through bias - 23 June 2006" 6259:"The Expulsion of the Jews from Prague in 1745 and British Foreign Policy" 5987:. Vol. 19 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 244. 5643: 4043:

in France are antisemitic hate crimes. According to French Prime Minister

663: 12319: 11898: 11704: 11699: 11667: 10575:. Slovenian pres agency. Sta.si (19 January 2009). Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10524: 6045:. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 522. 5953:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 731. 5823: 5602: 5520: 5493: 5149: 5091: 4951: 4866: 4654: 4600: 4557: 4527: 4512: 4440: 4385: 4162: 4141: 4125: 4040: 3833: 3758: 3732: 3676: 3538: 2182: 2099: 2011: 1995: 1983: 1894: 1805: 1743: 1735: 1669: 1658: 1636: 1628: 1620: 1160: 861: 574: 510: 9991:

Hundert, Gershon David (1 October 1997). "Poland: Paradisus Judaeorum".

9964:

Klier, John (2011). "Chapter 1: Poland–Lithuania: "Paradise for Jews"".

7812: 7502:"Armenian leader accuses Israel of aiding 'genocide' against his people" 6282: 6258: 5496:, and statutes of "blood purity" five centuries before the race laws in 4855:, in the 1880s Russian Imperial forces began to settle Russian-speaking 4793:), during which approximately 100,000 Jews were slaughtered, Polish and 3503:. He was arrested in January 2005 on charges of inciting ethnic hatred. 3439:

and demonstrated concern for Armenia's safety in light of Israel's good

2205:, won 21 seats in parliament, although these had all been lost by 2019. 2193:

This rise in antisemitic attacks is associated on the one hand with the

12090: 11976: 11893: 11624: 11563: 10633: 9502: 9124:

Andreas Zick, Andreas Hövermann, Silke Jensen, Julia Bernstein (2017).

9013:

Andreas Zick, Andreas Hövermann, Silke Jensen, Julia Bernstein (2017).

7970: 7664: 7178:"At UN workshop, envoys warn of 'tsunami of antisemitism' since Oct. 7" 6327:. Universal Digital Library. The Jewish Publication Society of America. 5838: 5532: 5467: 5229: 5007: 4804: 4794: 4641: 4455: 4451: 3920: 3870: 3686:

Today the Jewish community of Austria consists of about 8,000 persons.

3401: 2258:

were said to be mainly Muslim youth, supported by left-wing autonomous

1559:, the phenomenon received greater institutionalization within European 1434: 1262: 1145: 1140: 1120: 1030: 1015: 990: 938: 788: 579: 505: 10744:"As Spaniards Lose Their Religion, Church Leaders Struggle to Hold On" 10233:"Grzegorz Braun: Polish MP who doused Hanukkah candles loses immunity" 10062:

Triumph of Survival: The Story of the Jews in the Modern Era 1650-1995

9745: 9743: 9355:

Massacres and Morality: Mass Atrocities in an Age of Civilian Immunity

7120:"French gunman who killed Jewish children 'was raised an anti-Semite'" 6263:

Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England)

6233:"Anti-Semitism - Medieval Europe, Prejudice, Persecution | Britannica" 5458: 4231:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1877:

In eastern Europe, religious antisemitism remained influential as the

12013: 11888: 11883: 11771: 11006: 9940:

Music behind the Iron Curtain: Weinberg and his Polish Contemporaries

9445:

The Devil That Never Dies: The Rise and Threat of Global Antisemitism

5539:. It drew on the same ideas that had been expressed in 1931 when the 5429: 5356:

destroyed the last standing synagogue in Slovenia – the synagogue of

5317: 5232:. Antisemitism after the war manifested itself in events such as the 5113: 4591: 4583: 4401: 4105: 3821: 3754: 3571: 1754: 1689: 1651: 1564: 1529: 1311: 928: 898: 893: 433: 9859:

Despard, Matthew K. (2 January 2015). "In Search of a Polish Past".

8660:"Anklagerne om antisemitisme og minoritets-forfølgelse er de værste" 8098:"Antisemitic threats near the CCU (Jewish Cultural Center) building" 6190:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 216-218; here: p. 216. 6188:

Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution

4834: 1816: 11987: 11903: 11756: 11715: 10115: 9740: 9313:"Global Anti-Semitism: Selected Incidents Around the World in 2012" 9251: 9079: 8873: 8545:

Stender Pedersen, Mette; Krogh Andersen, Peter (15 February 2015).

8043:"Global Anti-Semitism: Selected Incidents Around the World in 2012" 7794:

Jews of Armenia Outraged by Nature Protection Minister's Statements

7153:"Global Anti-Semitism: Selected Incidents Around the World in 2012" 5524: 5489: 5384: 5054: 4963: 4888: 4789: 4697: 4532: 4420: 4411:

is manifested mainly in far-right publications and demonstrations.

4323: 4196: 3781: 3603: 3474: 2235: 2198: 1647: 1563:

following the dissolution of the ancient center of Jewish culture,

1403: 1273: 888: 631: 8713:"Islamic Extremism: Common Concern for Muslim and Western Publics" 8335:"Dr. Masaryk, Long Friend of Jews, Resigns Czech Presidency at 85" 7859:

From prejudice to persecution: a history of Austrian anti-semitism

7242:

Flash Map of Attitudes Toward Jews in 12 European Countries (2005)

6806:

Some political parties in EU Member States are openly antisemitic.

5116:" and subsequent activities of official organizations such as the 5002: 4276:

A 2017 study on Jewish perspectives on antisemitism in Germany by

4191:. Sporadic violence against the Jews became widespread during the 11103:"Report of the All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism" 9471:"Guess how many Irish people would ban Israelis from their homes" 9102: 8374: 8313:. Translated by Heise, Bernard. Berghahn Books. pp. 99–135. 7971:"Austria, the Jews, and Anti-Semitism: Ambivalence and Ambiguity" 6528:"Blood-Libel Trial of Mendel Beilis Reverberates a Century Later" 5598: 5594: 5305: 5263: 5043: 4884: 4830: 4812: 4783: 4408: 4071: 4039:

language are a serious cause for concern. A majority of reported

3740: 3736: 3728: 3690: 3663:

to almost 185,000 in 1938. In March 1938, Austria was annexed by

3659: 3515: 2317: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2127: 1930: 1922:. This theory was strengthened by the leading part Jews like the 1882: 1820:

Photo believed to show the victims, mostly Jewish children, of a

1726:

proved that the Protestant church would be virulent to the Jews.

956: 949: 910: 883: 11109: 10027:"Censorship in Poland: From the Beginnings to the Enlightenment" 9625: 8904:"France's Jews: 'In Israel we know not to surrender to terror.'" 7992:

German newspaper Sueddeutsche Zeitung on antisemitism in Serfaus

6435:

Steven Beller (2007) Antisemitism: A Very Short Introduction: 64

5244:

conspiracy theory and described Jews as "devils in human skin".

5034:, annexed with the existing numerous Jewish population, and the 3506:

Shortly after, during a prime time talk show, the leader of the

3416:

accused Israel of complicity in a 'genocide' against Armenians.

12008: 11964: 11786: 11721: 11360: 11280: 7522:"Armenians burn Israeli, Azerbaijani and Turkish flags - VIDEO" 5565: 5553: 5528: 5477: 5472: 5425: 5346: 5137: 5130: 5063: 5039: 4997: 4927:

The former deputy chairman of Poland's state-owned TV Network,

4768: 4712: 4595: 4488: 4476:

History of the Jews in Italy § Jews during the Fascist era

4154: 4121: 4036: 3928: 3745: 3611: 3600: 2248: 2240: 2218: 2186: 2162: 1991: 1825: 1545: 1294: 1250: 500: 9834:. In Moskalewicz, Marcin; Caumanns, Ute; Dross, Fritz (eds.). 8920:"Western Europe Jewish migration to Israel hits all-time high" 8544: 8370:"New report finds anti-Semitism on the rise in Czech Republic" 8032:

Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 19 October 2012. 19 October 2012.

7554:"Antisemitic Book Presented in Armenia; Jewish Leader Heckled" 5656:

History of the Jews in Switzerland#Antisemitism in Switzerland

3632:

History of the Jews in Austria § The Holocaust in Austria

2329:

found that although almost no respondents in countries of the

2031:. Sporadic violence against Jews became widespread during the 1912:

of Jewish world economic domination, as presented in the hoax

11140:

Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England

9219: 7394:"Jewish People's Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism" 7085:"Bruker tåregass mot demonstranter utenfor Israels ambassade" 6737:

The 2005 U.S. State Department Report on Global Antisemitism.

5027: 4895:). Other incidents occurred later or even after the war (see 4692: 4318:

Antisemitism has remained a significant issue in Greece. The

3901: 3817: 3607: 3396:

A major source of antisemitism in Armenia is Israel's strong

2244: 849: 10975:, The Forward, Published 7 July 2010, issue of 16 July 2010. 9170:"Anti-Semitism: Germany sees '10% jump in offences' in 2018" 7665:"Armenia: Country's Jews Alarmed Over Nascent Anti-Semitism" 6205:

Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World

1862:

One of the most famous examples of the 19th century was the

11247:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

8246:

Beyond Hitler's Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews

7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 5575:

Pablo Iglesias, the founder of the Spanish political party

5365: 5209:), and a form of "national anti-Semitism" accusing Jews of 5141: 5080: 4048: 3936: 3924: 3916: 3664: 1902: 1537: 9196:"Anti-Semitic crime rises in Germany, most from far right" 8187:

Israel calls on Belgium to scrap parade over anti-Semitism

6688:"Anti-Semitism in Germany Today: Its Roots and Tendencies" 4797:

peasants often participated in killing Jews. The besieged

4707:, a Norwegian sociologist who pioneered the discipline of 4586:

was 14 in 2008 and 30 in 2009. In 2010, Raphaël Evers, an

4100:

Germans smile while walking past a Jewish shop damaged on

4066:, antisemitic incidents increased in France. In 2002, the 3577:

as the authorities had arrested him for political speech.

10630:"Antisemitism and the Extreme Right in Spain (1962–1997)" 7260: 6446:"Antisemitism in History: Racial Antisemitism, 1875–1945" 4503:

43% believe Jews still talk too much about the Holocaust.

1908:

Another example of modern antisemitism in Europe was the

11207:

Visual Antisemitism in Central Europe: Imagery of Hatred

9836:

Jewish Medicine and Healthcare in Central Eastern Europe

8573:"Copenhagen imam accused of calling for killing of Jews" 8068:"4 killed in shooting outside Jewish Museum in Brussels" 7463: 7263:"Anti-Israel sentiment predicts anti-Semitism in Europe" 5100:'s antisemitic campaign of 1948–1953 against so-called " 5006:

A demonstration in Russia. The antisemitic slogans cite

4774:

In the 1650s, the Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth (

4497:

29% say Jews don't care about anyone but their own kind.

3671:

Antisemitism did not cease to exist in the aftermath of

1688:, the pledge of loyalty required from a vassal upon the 10718:"Manifestations of anti-Semitism in the European Union" 10149:"Major Violent Incidents in 2004: Breakdown by Country" 9712: 9710: 8357:

Public Opinion and Relations to the Jews in Nazi Europe

8030:"Belgium's local elections cause ‘anti-Semitic flood.’" 4617:

Every year the Jewish community of Norway commemorates

4487:

58% of Italians believe Italian Jews are more loyal to

4068:

Commission nationale consultative des droits de l'homme

10656:"Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 - 2003" 7872:"Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 - 2003" 7595:""Armenian Aryan Party" Criticizes Israeli Ambassador" 4837:(Gdańsk) instigated the massacre of hundreds of Jews. 4605:

the Internet than ever before in its 17-year history.

3923:

called during Friday prayers for the slaughter of all

10973:

For Jews, Swedish City Is a ‘Place To Move Away From’

10816: 10814: 10088:. Jewishgen.org (2 July 2004). Retrieved 1 June 2012. 9268:"Germany records sharp rise in antisemitic incidents" 8628:"Omskæring er en afgørende del af den jødiske kultur" 6988:"ADL Highlights Top 10 Issues Affecting Jews In 2012" 6510:"Blood Libel: A False, Incendiary Claim Against Jews" 5304:

in 1941. Many of them were refugees from neighboring

2256:

antisemitic riots outside the Israeli embassy in 2009

1646:

Persecutions against Jews were widespread during the

11161:"Muslims and Jews Are Targets of Bigotry in Europe." 11003:

Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine

10770:"Secular drive challenges Spain's Catholic identity" 9764: 9762: 9707: 8547:"Skudoffer ved københavnsk synagoge var en ung jøde" 7994:. Sz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 6207:; via www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 14 April 2016. 5725: 3727:

Over a hundred antisemitic attacks were recorded in

2393:

worse, but most have no intentions to leave Europe.

2251:, the majority of whom voiced antisemitic feelings. 10950:

Anti-Semitism, in Sweden? Depends who you're asking

10606:. Rtvslo.si (15 April 2009). Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10281:"Anti-Jewish Conspiracy Theories in Putin's Russia" 9222:"A New Wave of Anti-Semitism Sweeps Across Germany" 9085:

Türkische Migranten hoffen auf muslimische Mehrheit

7845:"Holocaust memorial in Yerevan, Armenia vandalized" 7369:"CNN poll reveals depth of anti-Semitism in Europe" 7342:"Thousands protest against anti-Semitism in France" 6918:"World Briefing: Asia, Europe, Americas and Africa" 5859:"The First Crusade and the Persecution of the Jews" 5341:The vast majority of Slovene Jewry was murdered in 5030:of 1792. It consisted of the territories of former 4819:Throughout the 16th to 18th centuries, many of the 4516:

Latvian poster: Goy land sheep for feast of chosen.

3524:

Department for Ethnic and Religious Minority Issues

11099:All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism 10821:López, Alejandro Baer, Paula (13 September 2015). 10811: 10795:"Eurobarometer 69 - Values of Europeans - page 16" 9544:"Why being Jewish in Ireland has become dangerous" 8447: 8445: 8132:The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism 8102:The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism 5939:Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel (2007). "Black Death". In 4582:newspaper, the number of antisemitic incidents in 3580:In September 2006, while criticizing the American 1938:pogroms were estimated in tens of thousands dead. 9970:. Northern Illinois University Press. p. 3. 9809:. Central European University Press. p. 30. 9759: 9338:Christianity and the Holocaust of Hungarian Jewry 8471:. The Jewish Community in Denmark. Archived from 8465:"Report on antisemitic incidents in Denmark 2013" 8002: 8000: 7307:Yale expert: Not enough known about anti-Semitism 6766:"Special report: The rise of the right in Europe" 6387:"Pale | History, Pale of Settlement | Britannica" 6217:Penslar, Derek J.; Kalmar, Ivan Davidson (2005). 6105:The Jewish Question: Biography of a World Problem 5222:deportation and murder of most of the Slovak Jews 1793:was established in 1772 by the empress of Russia 12610: 12061:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP) 10934:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 10916:. Archived from the original on 21 February 2007 10787: 10203:"Arrest In Polish Chief Rabbi Attack - CBS News" 8009:"Hets av jøder er økende i Europa - Aftenposten" 7898:"The social exponents of Austrian anti-Semitism" 7774:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7710:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7615:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7574:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5973: 4368:, c. May 1944, after disembarking from the 3824:regime, which ruled Bulgaria from 1945 to 1989. 1971:was among the most significant events in modern 1800: 1729: 1596:History of antisemitism § Late Roman Empire 11614:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews 10687:. The American Jewish Committee. Archived from 10604:Hitler: Propadli umetnik, ki je postal diktator 9685: 9379:Stephen Roth Institute: Antisemitism And Racism 8442: 8197: 8195: 7625:. 21 February 2002. Retrieved 27 November 2006. 7584:. 20 February 2002. Retrieved 27 November 2006. 6625:"Der Stürmer! www.HolocaustResearchProject.org" 6611:"Völkischer Beobachter - German Nazi newspaper" 4664:The Jew Clause was reinstated 13 March 1942 by 4484:23% of Italians harbor strong antisemitic views 4199:of the Jews of Europe, known as the Holocaust. 3749:, experienced a surge in antisemitic violence. 1661:. The first known blood libel was the story of 11204: 10998: 10996: 10459:(1). Indiana University Press: 5, 10, 14, 25. 10331: 10329: 9936: 8830:"Communiqués Officiels: Les actes antisémites" 8565: 7997: 7784:. 1 February 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2006. 7756:. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011 7743:. 18 February 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2006 7720:. 21 October 2004. Retrieved 27 November 2006. 7692:. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011 7690:"Armenian Official Says Jews "Anti-Christian"" 7597:. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011 7556:. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011 7334: 6966:"Video: Priest Attacks Menorah - Jewish World" 5462:Expulsions of Jews in Europe from 1100 to 1600 5293:. The founder of Slovene Christian Socialism, 5274:. He was under strong pressure from the local 4973: 4851:After an assassination attempt on the life of 4454:reported feelling threatened because of their 4285:citing the antisemitic views of the refugees. 3468:The Greatest Falsification of the 20th Century 1409:U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism 12335: 11296: 10378: 10376: 10275: 10170:"Top Polish TV post for right-wing extremist" 9060:Deutsch-Türkische Lebens und Wertewelten 2012 8912: 8715:. Pew Global Attitude Project. 14 July 2005. 8337:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 16 December 1935 7528: 7301: 7299: 6733: 6731: 6685: 6561:"The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion" 6216: 6031:Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel; et al. (2007). 5236:in September 1945. More recently, politician 5197:. The leader of the Slovak national revival, 5026:to which Jews were restricted by the Tsarist 2396: 1635:for the death of Jesus through the so-called 1506: 12071:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) 10967: 10965: 10911:"Antisemitic images and attitudes in Sweden" 10904: 10902: 10839:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10711: 10709: 10250: 9930: 9154:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9043:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9003:. Berlin-judentum.de. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 8778: 8776: 8520:"Skoleleder på jødisk skole: Det er grotesk" 8192: 8006: 7251:, Philo. Sophistry. Retrieved 12 March 2006. 7053: 7051: 6843: 5399: 4820: 4798: 4536: 4330:, which won 21 seats in parliament in 2012. 3895: 3689:Contemporary antisemitism was reported from 11205:Hauser, Jakub; Janáčová, Eva, eds. (2021). 10993: 10448: 10382: 10326: 9796: 9516: 8823: 7478: 7443: 7441: 7057: 6320: 6219:"Orientalism and the Jews: An Introduction" 6173:as her source, without a specific citation. 6012:Jews: The Essence and Character of a People 5856: 5691:. Leaders of the Ukrainian nationalists of 5118:Anti-Zionist committee of the Soviet public 4755:, began to undermine the principles of the 3993:as the cause of this growing antisemitism. 3967:and its friends in the circumcision debate. 1592:History of antisemitism § Roman Empire 12349: 12342: 12328: 11582:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death 11303: 11289: 10761: 10741: 10393:(1). Indiana University Press: 17, 19–22. 10373: 10335: 10269: 10167: 9957: 9943:. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. 9823: 9784:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 30 April 2012 9756:(Norwegian News in English), 16 June 2011. 9265: 9088:, 17 August 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012 8553:. Danmarks Radio (DR). Danmarks Radio (DR) 7296: 6728: 6167:The Jews of Germany: A Historical Portrait 6030: 5938: 5920:("The greatest epidemics in history"), in 5683:There have been Jews in Ukraine since the 5308:, while the number of Slovenian Jews with 4124:and their explicitly antisemitic program. 1994:and their explicitly antisemitic program. 1866:, when a French officer of Jewish origin, 1513: 1499: 10962: 10899: 10706: 10682:"EUROPEAN ANTI-SEMITISM REINVENTS ITSELF" 10648: 10226: 10224: 9893: 9438: 8888:"Rabbi Shmuley: The Last Jews of France." 8773: 8658:Diab, Amin; Baba, Güray (20 April 2018). 8597: 8158:"Antisemitic attack against 75 old woman" 7935: 7662: 7058:Gerstenfeld, Manfred (19 February 2013). 7048: 6844:Verousi, Christina; Allen, Chris (2021). 6579:"Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion" 5695:(b) participated in the Holocaust during 5411:On 15 April 2009, the public broadcaster 4897:anti-Jewish violence in Poland, 1944–1946 3510:and the owner of ALM television channel, 79:Learn how and when to remove this message 10428:. New York: Springer. pp. 35, 110. 10291:(2). Indiana University Press: 291–316. 10065:. Mesorah Publications. pp. 15–16. 9673:"Anti-Semitism on the rise in Amsterdam" 9412: 8731: 8705: 8657: 8452:The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Norway 7917: 7915: 7438: 7235: 7060:"Muslim anti-Semitism in Western Europe" 6001: 5457: 5257: 5172: 5058:Russian Jews had emigrated, most to the 5001: 4612: 4511: 4351: 4095: 3869: 3647:Home movie from Vienna taken just after 3635: 3558:, head of the Jewish Council of Armenia 3473:, claiming that it is a myth created by 2029:a definition which was based on religion 1955: 1815: 1804: 1610: 1569:forced segregation of Jewish populations 844: 42:This article includes a list of general 10879: 10767: 10423: 10019: 9990: 9858: 9802: 8963: 8396: 7965: 7963: 7864: 7635: 7633: 7631: 5916:See Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, 5764:History of the Jews during World War II 4984:History of the Jews in the Soviet Union 4844:and the PLC's destruction in 1795 (see 4304:recorded by Germany's national police. 4252: 3431:. Muradyan claimed that the history of 2283: 1948:History of the Jews during World War II 1926:played in the European banking system. 14: 12611: 11209:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 10621: 10258:"Explosion of anti-Semitism in Russia" 10230: 10221: 10142: 9829: 9001:Interview with Julius Schoeps (German) 8495:"Gaza conflict reaches Denmark's Jews" 8308: 8201: 7834:. Fr.jpost.com. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 7730:Intelligentsia Demands from Prosecutor 7418: 7366: 7126:. Associated Press. 11 November 2012. 7040:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6679: 6660:. Translated version: "Stalin", 1996, 6256: 5338:in all Yugoslav universities in 1938. 4552:History of the Jews in the Netherlands 4437:boycott of Limerick's Jewish community 4202: 4024: 3757:survivor, was quoted in the newspaper 1394:Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism 12323: 11284: 10990:. 24 January 2015. 24 January 2015. 10820: 10594:. Ednevnik.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10097: 9963: 9769:Anti-semitism report shocks officials 9468: 8944: 8909:. 11 January 2015. 11 January 2015. 8893:. 12 January 2015. 13 January 2015. 8262:East European Politics and Societies 7973:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 7921: 7912: 7861:(Univ of North Carolina Press, 1998). 7114: 7112: 6648:(in Russian). Moscow, Vagrius, 1997. 6540: 6201:Jews, Expulsions of (Spain; Portugal) 6136:"Lateran Council - Roman Catholicism" 5918:La plus grande épidémie de l'histoire 5685:Greek colonies of the Black Sea coast 5185:in 1896, many Jews in Slovakia (then 4709:peace studies and conflict resolution 4419:to shreds at their annual rallies in 3977:Iman Diab and Güray Baba, members of 3788:be canceled because of antisemitism. 3770:shooting at the Belgian Jewish Museum 3743:, often referred to as Europe's last 1977:genocides in the history of the world 1615:A painting in Holy Trinity church in 1425:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 471:during the Israel-Hamas war (2023-24) 166:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 10735: 10716:Bergman, Werner and Juliane Wetzel. 10679: 10673: 10058: 10040:, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2000. 9984: 8625: 8397:Benakis, Theodoros (6 August 2024). 7960: 7825:The Jerusalem Post, 23 December 2007 7628: 7261:Kaplan, E. H.; Small, C. A. (2006). 7212: 7105:(in Norwegian). NRK. 4 January 2009. 5910: 4846:Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union 4396:Hungary was the first country after 4348:Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary 4259:Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany 4217: 3933:Middle East Media Research Institute 3874:1819 anti-Jewish riots in Copenhagen 3711:Contemporary antisemitism in Belgium 3628:Antisemitism in contemporary Austria 3522:On 23 October 2004, the head of the 2148:Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany 1990:, which resulted in the rise of the 1933:in 1881 and after the first Russian 28: 11600:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 10742:Loewenberg, Samuel (26 June 2005). 10715: 10627: 10355:(in German). Vol. 13. Munich: 10049:The Jews in Poland, Ken Spiro, 2001 9750:What about Norwegian anti-Semitism? 9671:Berkhout, Karel. (26 January 2010) 9647:"Nieuwe CIDI Monitor antisemitisme" 9517:Shtrauchler, Nissan (28 May 2024). 9413:Ferriter, Diarmaid (5 March 2005). 9388:. Tau.ac.il. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 9367:HUNGARY AFTER THE GERMAN OCCUPATION 8789:. 10 January 2015. 10 January 2015. 8770:. July/August 2016. 25 July 2016. 8598:Andersson, Mikkel (19 April 2018). 7309:, The Jerusalem Post. 8 August 2007 7196: 6199:Starr-Lebeau, Gretchen D. (2004). " 6150:Jewish Identification: Jewish Badge 5076:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4759:and the religious tolerance in the 4722:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4703:It was revealed in April 2012 that 4635:Antisemitism in contemporary Norway 4269:A 2012 poll showed that 18% of the 4031:Antisemitism in 21st-century France 3462:) was printed and presented at the 2301: 2288:The summary of a 2004 poll by the " 2224: 2144:Antisemitism in 21st-century France 1915:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1544:and pre-Christian civilizations of 721:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness 24: 12081:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) 11269:The European Forum on Antisemitism 11256:from the original on 28 April 2020 11198: 11071:Anti-Semitism Worldwide, 1999/2000 10618:. Tvslo.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10231:Wright, George (18 January 2024). 9403:. 20 March 2012. 10 August 2012. 9266:Nöstlinger, Nette (25 June 2024). 9057:Liljeberg Research International: 8202:Merlin, Ohad (18 September 2024). 7451:. Pew Research Center. 10 May 2017 7109: 7103:"Brukte tåregass på demonstranter" 6014:, HarperSanFrancisco, 1998, p.84. 5713:Antisemitism in the United Kingdom 5291:Austrian Christian Social Movement 4990:Antisemitism in the Russian Empire 4682:Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation 4472:Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy 4439:was instigated by Catholic priest 2427:% Reject Jews as national citizens 2318:responsible for the death of Jesus 2152:Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy 1619:depicting the first known case of 1419:Working definition of antisemitism 181:Working definition of antisemitism 48:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 12645: 11224: 11143:, Oxford University Press. 2010. 10880:Kasnett, Israel (20 April 2021). 10768:Pingree, Geoff (1 October 2004). 10485: 9937:Daniel Elphick (3 October 2019). 9803:Haumann, Heiko (1 January 2002). 8685: 7895: 7782:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 7718:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 7623:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 7582:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 7419:Bartov, Shira Li (23 July 2024). 6710:"Anti-Semitism up 30% in Belgium" 6464:"Dreyfus affair - French history" 5926:magazine, n°310, June 2006, p.47 5706: 3827: 2349:According to a poll conducted by 1399:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 11635:White genocide conspiracy theory 11310: 11169: 11153: 11127: 11091: 11064: 11048:ANTI-SEMITISM IN UKRAINE IN 2010 11041: 11032: 11023: 10978: 10943: 10873: 10847: 10609: 10597: 10578: 10566: 10563:. Inv.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10554: 10551:. Inv.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10542: 10539:. Inv.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10530: 10527:. Inv.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10518: 10515:. Inv.si. Retrieved 1 June 2012. 10506: 10479: 10442: 10417: 10338:Slowakei, Rumänien und Bulgarien 10195: 10168:Greenslade, Roy (25 June 2006). 10161: 10091: 10079: 10052: 10043: 10038:Censorship: A World Encyclopedia 9887: 9852: 9838:. Springer. p. 20 (13–26). 9774: 9697: 9682:. Nrc.nl. 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After the war and following a 4413:Hungarian Justice and Life Party 4222: 3942:Recent efforts to outlaw infant 2351:the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 1941: 1714:saw a rise of antisemitism with 1484: 1483: 112: 33: 11879:Institute for Historical Review 11799:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862) 11529:International Jewish conspiracy 11426: 10823:"Antisemitismo sin antisemitas" 10342:Slovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria 10098:Hagen, William W. (June 1996). 9896:Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust 9806:A History of East European Jews 9724:. 13 March 2010. Archived from 9704:were abused. Mendelsohn (1986). 8180: 8150: 8120: 8090: 8060: 8035: 8023: 7985: 7889: 7851: 7837: 7818: 7815:. today.az. (30 September 2006) 7806: 7787: 7746: 7723: 7682: 7669:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 7656: 7587: 7546: 7514: 7494: 7412: 7386: 7360: 7312: 7254: 7170: 7145: 7095: 7091:(in Norwegian). 4 January 2009. 7077: 7002: 6980: 6968:. 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Levy (Ed.), 6097: 6080: 6024: 5967: 5932: 5897: 5857:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1984). 5850: 5649: 5032:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4827:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4761:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4545: 4458:,, while the President of the 4378:– to the right – meant labor; 4344:History of the Jews in Hungary 4299:Following the outbreak of the 4092:History of the Jews in Germany 4003:History of the Jews in Estonia 3866:History of the Jews in Denmark 3715:History of the Jews in Belgium 2326:Journal of Conflict Resolution 1770:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1724:Martin Luther and antisemitism 1627:Antisemitism in Europe in the 1600: 764:Hunter (William Luther Pierce) 13: 1: 12076:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) 11804:Racial policy of Nazi Germany 11782:Beilis trial (Russian Empire) 11752:Pogroms in the Russian Empire 10774:The Christian Science Monitor 10104:The Journal of Modern History 9908:10.1080/23256249.2016.1242550 9873:10.1080/0449010x.2015.1010393 9469:Dysch, Marcus (2 June 2011). 9415:"The deeds and the documents" 8945:Savir, Aryeh (12 July 2020). 7479:David Masci (28 March 2018). 6496:"Blood libel - anti-Semitism" 5981:, eds. (2007). "Strasbourg". 5844: 5769:History of the Jews in Europe 5744:Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment 5242:Zionist Occupation Government 5106:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee 4980:History of the Jews in Russia 4735:History of the Jews in Poland 4542:control the Latvian economy. 4522:History of the Jews in Latvia 4179:Racial policy of Nazi Germany 4020:History of the Jews in France 3697:, and are denied to possible 3386: 2505:Belarus, Orthodox Christians 2081: 2070:, sometimes with the help of 2050:in 1939 and the beginning of 1962:Buchenwald concentration camp 1822:1905 pogrom in Yekaterinoslav 1801:19th and early 20th centuries 1730:16th, 17th and 18th centuries 1358:Campaign Against Antisemitism 466:during the Gaza War (2008-09) 12056:Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 11762:1968 Polish political crisis 11079:University of Nebraska Press 10628:Jiménez, José L. Rodríguez. 10585:Jews and Judaism in Slovenia 10537:The story of Alice Gruenwald 10525:The story of Eluizabeta Vajs 9651:Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad 9026:. p. 25. Archived from 8626:Cohn, Jonatan (6 May 2018). 8359:(KG Saur, 2011) Pp. 415-448. 7653:(retrieved 6 September 2006) 7207:Pew Global Attitudes Project 6629:holocaustresearchproject.org 6597:"Pogroms | Encyclopedia.com" 6543:"The Last Blood Libel Trial" 6416:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 6343:holocaustresearchproject.org 6301:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 6184:Expulsions, High Middle Ages 5454:History of the Jews in Spain 5394:In January 2009, during the 4751:, a strong supporter of the 4265:Anti-antisemitism in Germany 3939:to Danish police officials. 3753:, an Amsterdam resident and 3553:National Assembly of Armenia 2305: 2297: 2290:Pew Global Attitudes Project 2096:British-controlled Palestine 2058:and later they were sent to 1678:Strasbourg, in February 1349 1347:Anti-antisemitism in Germany 839:Antisemitism on the Internet 627:Jewish war conspiracy theory 7: 11826:Night of the Murdered Poets 10959:, Haaretz, 9 November 2007. 10561:Slovenian Jews of Prekmurje 10486:N, Denník (13 March 2016). 10357:Institut für Zeitgeschichte 8164:. La- Libre. Archived from 7946:10.1177/0957926591002001004 6086:Breuer, Mordechai (1996). " 5721: 5415:published an article about 5247: 5168: 4974:Russia and the Soviet Union 3798: 3464:Union of Writers of Armenia 3371: 3360: 3349: 3331: 3320: 3309: 3291: 3280: 3269: 3251: 3240: 3229: 3211: 3200: 3189: 3171: 3160: 3149: 3131: 3120: 3109: 3091: 3080: 3069: 3053: 3042: 3031: 3015: 2984: 2973: 2962: 2944: 2933: 2922: 2904: 2893: 2882: 2864: 2853: 2842: 2826: 2795: 2784: 2773: 2754: 2743: 2732: 2714: 2703: 2692: 2674: 2663: 2652: 2636: 2625: 2614: 2598: 2567: 2556: 2545: 2529: 2518: 2507: 2491: 2460: 2449: 2438: 2309: 1384:Southern Poverty Law Center 543:COVID-19 pandemic incidents 10: 12650: 11821:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign 11792:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq) 11767:Jewish Anti-Zionist League 11732:Antisemitic laws, policies 11588:On the Jews and Their Lies 9293:"Germany - Events of 2022" 7209:. Retrieved 12 March 2006. 6156:. Retrieved 14 April 2016. 6154:The Jewish Virtual Library 6010:and Hirt-Manheimer, Aron. 5893:– via cambridge.org. 5710: 5676: 5672: 5665: 5586: 5443: 5328:. The party's leader, Dr. 5251: 5108:, the fabrication of the " 5022:was the Western region of 4987: 4977: 4957:soccer-related hooliganism 4732: 4624: 4561:on keyword searches, e.g. 4549: 4519: 4469: 4430: 4341: 4337: 4311: 4262: 4256: 4172: 4089: 4085: 4028: 4017: 4011: 4000: 3996: 3863: 3859: 3802: 3708: 3704: 3625: 3621: 3592:intended strictly for the 3501:Armenian Nationalist Front 3391: 3374: 3363: 3352: 3334: 3323: 3312: 3294: 3283: 3272: 3254: 3243: 3232: 3214: 3203: 3192: 3174: 3163: 3152: 3134: 3123: 3112: 3094: 3083: 3072: 3056: 3045: 3034: 3018: 2987: 2976: 2965: 2947: 2936: 2925: 2907: 2896: 2885: 2867: 2856: 2845: 2829: 2798: 2787: 2776: 2757: 2746: 2735: 2717: 2706: 2695: 2677: 2666: 2655: 2639: 2628: 2617: 2601: 2570: 2559: 2548: 2532: 2521: 2510: 2494: 2463: 2452: 2441: 2429:(at 95% confidence level) 2424:(at 95% confidence level) 2422:% Reject Jews as neighbors 2419:(at 95% confidence level) 2397:Eastern and Central Europe 2344:Palestinian water supplies 2313: 2141: 1945: 1920:Russian Revolution of 1917 1720:On the Jews and Their Lies 1604: 1589: 794:On the Jews and Their Lies 12357: 12099: 12044: 11925: 11859: 11730: 11648: 11501: 11448: 11318: 10549:Stories of Slovenian Jews 9993:Journal of Jewish Studies 9070:, July/August 2012, p. 68 7830:16 September 2011 at the 7735:27 September 2011 at the 6862:10.1177/20419058211000999 5875:10.1017/S0424208400007531 5863:Studies in Church History 5749:Geography of antisemitism 5661: 5582: 5527:groups appeared, such as 4941:League of Polish Families 4728: 4627:History of Jews in Norway 4608: 4507: 4307: 4007: 3805:The Holocaust in Bulgaria 3535:Jewish Council of Armenia 3446:In 2002, a book entitled 3433:Armenian-Jewish relations 3406:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War 2426: 2421: 2416: 1845:Joseph Arthur de Gobineau 1369:Fundamental Rights Agency 802:Undisputed Over The World 617: Jewish conspiracy 12351:Antisemitism in Europe 12066:Community Security Trust 11940:Black Death persecutions 8835:29 November 2005 at the 7799:25 February 2011 at the 7282:10.1177/0022002706289184 6412:"The Pale of Settlement" 5531:. Later on, the Spanish 5439: 5389:Slovenian National Party 5266:Synagogue, January 2009. 5146:Jewish Autonomous Oblast 4465: 3568:Writers union of Armenia 2274:Katharina von Schnurbein 2132:Jewish Autonomous Oblast 1705:France, in 1306 and 1394 1633:collectively responsible 1430:Three Ds of antisemitism 1414:Wiener Holocaust Library 1364:Community Security Trust 1226:Black Death persecutions 741:The Dearborn Independent 714:Antisemitic publications 12272:Palestinian Territories 11777:Dreyfus Affair (France) 11101:(UK) (September 2006). 11053:23 January 2016 at the 10616:News on RTV, 31 January 10465:10.2979/antistud.2.1.02 10399:10.2979/antistud.2.1.02 10305:10.2979/antistud.3.2.05 10297:10.2979/antistud.3.2.05 10154:1 December 2007 at the 9440:Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah 9384:8 February 2008 at the 9066:11 October 2012 at the 8454:Accessed 8 October 2006 8297:Wiener Library Bulletin 7924:Discourse & Society 7649:by Rimma Varzhapetian. 7645:21 October 2007 at the 7640:Antisemitism in Armenia 6257:Newman, Aubrey (1968). 6182:Stow, Kenneth (2005). " 5779:Human rights in Belarus 5759:History of antisemitism 5679:Antisemitism in Ukraine 5556:immigration as well as 5541:Second Spanish Republic 5511:, the alliance between 5502:Spanish Communist Party 5436:for political reasons. 5195:Slovak national revival 5123:Jackson–Vanik amendment 5053:During this period the 4853:Alexander III of Russia 4700:because he was a Jew". 4659:Jesuits not before 1956 4645:in Norway) of the 1814 4631:The Holocaust in Norway 3586:Minister of Environment 3400:with and arms sales to 2215:Svoboda (Freedom) party 2072:locally recruited units 1988:economic crisis of 1929 1975:and one of the largest 1379:Simon Wiesenthal Center 1131:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 905:The Occidental Observer 868:Europa: The Last Battle 816:Between Blacks and Jews 814:The Secret Relationship 63:more precise citations. 18:Antisemitism in Austria 12619:Antisemitism in Europe 12397:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12086:Stephen Roth Institute 11734:and government actions 11673:Portuguese Inquisition 11650:Religious antisemitism 11524:Double genocide theory 11410:Secondary antisemitism 11346:Religious antisemitism 11075:Stephen Roth Institute 10005:10.18647/2003/jjs-1997 8867:5 January 2007 at the 8849:Report - Antisémitisme 8299:29.39-40 (1976): 8-20. 8264:22.02 (2008): 203-248. 7230:Anti-Defamation League 6686:Susanne Urban (2004). 6583:bibliotecapleyades.net 6514:Anti-Defamation League 5834:Radical right (Europe) 5784:Human rights in Europe 5701:Ukrainian independence 5668:Antisemitism in Turkey 5589:Antisemitism in Sweden 5463: 5400: 5326:Slovene People's Party 5267: 5203:religious antisemitism 5178: 5104:", destruction of the 5102:rootless cosmopolitans 5015: 4922:Anti-Defamation League 4821: 4799: 4717:Anders Behring Breivik 4622: 4537: 4517: 4393: 4366:German-occupied Poland 4356:Hungarian Jews on the 4314:Antisemitism in Greece 4109: 4062:With the start of the 4014:Antisemitism in France 3975: 3896: 3875: 3842:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 3780:Israel asked that the 3652: 3584:corporation, Armenian 1965: 1829: 1813: 1763:Joseph Süß Oppenheimer 1712:Protestant Reformation 1694:Fourth Lateran Council 1624: 1389:Stephen Roth Institute 1352:Anti-Defamation League 12046:Organizations working 11606:Contemporary imprints 11535:The International Jew 11405:Rootless cosmopolitan 10955:18 April 2009 at the 10513:Jews in Murska Sobota 10424:Láníček, Jan (2013). 10256:Litvinovich, Dmitri. 9718:"Jødiske blir hetset" 9589:World Jewish Congress 9549:Jewish News Syndicate 9135:Universität Bielefeld 9024:Universität Bielefeld 8891:The New York Observer 8231:83.2 (2004): 691-708 7247:15 April 2008 at the 6042:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5984:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5950:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5907:, 116(2), pp. 119–21. 5814:Neo-fascism in Europe 5799:Far-right subcultures 5689:Rus Primary Chronicle 5482:1066 Granada massacre 5476:who were targeted in 5461: 5446:Antisemitism in Spain 5295:Janez Evangelist Krek 5261: 5226:Slovak People's Party 5211:Hungarian irredentism 5207:economic antisemitism 5176: 5048:First Kishinev pogrom 5005: 4978:Further information: 4767:books, including the 4733:Further information: 4625:Further information: 4616: 4550:Further information: 4520:Further information: 4515: 4470:Further information: 4460:World Jewish Congress 4362:Auschwitz II-Birkenau 4355: 4342:Further information: 4320:Greek economic crisis 4263:Further information: 4131:Völkischer Beobachter 4099: 4090:Further information: 4018:Further information: 4001:Further information: 3960: 3873: 3864:Further information: 3709:Further information: 3646: 3610:Gershon Burshtein, a 3441:relations with Turkey 2234:-language schools in 2112:rootless cosmopolitan 2001:Völkischer Beobachter 1959: 1879:Industrial Revolution 1819: 1808: 1614: 1607:Medieval antisemitism 1605:Further information: 1590:Further information: 1096:William Luther Pierce 774:The International Jew 686:Stab-in-the-back myth 669:Rootless cosmopolitan 12048:against antisemitism 11994:Martyrdom in Judaism 11860:Antisemitic websites 11772:Leo Frank trial (US) 11668:Catholic Inquisition 11640:Zionist antisemitism 11356:Antisemitism studies 11274:2 April 2018 at the 10940:. levandehistoria.se 10680:Wistrich, Robert S. 10636:on 26 September 2013 10590:24 July 2011 at the 10452:Antisemitism Studies 10386:Antisemitism Studies 10285:Antisemitism Studies 10059:Wein, Berel (1990). 9830:Geller, Ewa (2018). 9678:2 March 2010 at the 9476:The Jewish Chronicle 8782:Goldberg, Jeffrey. 8744:9 March 2008 at the 8692:The Associated Press 8189:AP, 20 February 2020 6478:"The Dreyfus Affair" 6321:Selma Stern (1950). 5819:Neo-Nazism in Europe 5470:, were second-class 4893:massacre in Jedwabne 4842:partitions of Poland 4780:Khmelnytsky Uprising 4757:Warsaw Confederation 4384:– to the left – the 4278:Bielefeld University 4253:21st-century Germany 3986:The Associated Press 3723:1981 Antwerp bombing 3482:Armenian Aryan Order 3471:denies the Holocaust 3418:Armenians in Lebanon 2323:A 2006 study in the 2284:Public opinion polls 2254:Participants in the 1786:Partitions of Poland 1623:dating back to 1144. 1473:Zionist antisemitism 1280:Martyrdom in Judaism 1006:Richard Girnt Butler 759:Hitlers Zweites Buch 345:textbook controversy 12024:Spanish Inquisition 11935:Rhineland massacres 11690:Rhineland massacres 11683:Spanish Inquisition 11415:Stereotypes of Jews 11400:Racial antisemitism 11351:Persecution of Jews 10279:(21 October 2019). 9653:. 18 September 2011 8886:Boteach, Shmuley. 8244:Michael Bar-Zohar, 7847:. 12 February 2021. 7540:8 July 2008 at the 7507:The Times of Israel 7224:9 June 2005 at the 6936:"Account Suspended" 6668:(hardcover), 1997, 6530:. 18 December 2013. 6103:Bein, Alex (1990). 5809:Nativism (politics) 5484:. In 1492, via the 5450:Spanish Inquisition 5352:In 1954, the local 5302:concentration camps 5183:Jewish emancipation 5148:with the center in 4966:of 2023, Polish MP 4753:counter-Reformation 4741:Paradisus Judaeorum 4203:Germany 1945 – 2000 4076:far-right skinheads 4025:21st-century France 3452:Romen Yepiskoposyan 2410: 2272:In September 2024, 2195:Muslim antisemitism 1901:that took place in 1834:racial antisemitism 1674:poisoning the wells 1567:, resulting in the 1322:Spanish Inquisition 1221:Rhineland massacres 731:Culture of Critique 585:Cultural Bolshevism 12243:Conservative Party 12004:Pale of Settlement 11514:Christian Identity 11488:Soviet mathematics 11393:Working definition 11183:. 15 February 2024 11164:The New York Times 11059:Human Rights Watch 10748:The New York Times 10359:. pp. 18–20. 10032:1 May 2008 at the 9752:by Leif Knutsenm, 9340:(1993) pp 79–170. 9298:Human Rights Watch 9176:. 13 February 2019 9105:. 15 December 2017 8951:Tazpit News Agency 8665:Berlingske Tidende 8605:Berlingske Tidende 8007:AV: per kr. aale. 7524:. 27 October 2020. 7348:. 20 February 2019 7305:Haviv Rettig Gur. 7184:. 7 September 2024 7064:The Jerusalem Post 6924:. 12 January 2006. 6922:The New York Times 6796:. 2013. p. 13 6754:. 15 October 2015. 6752:The Jerusalem Post 6716:. 27 February 2013 6391:www.britannica.com 6367:on 31 January 2017 6237:www.britannica.com 6118:"Lateran 4 - 1215" 6033:Berenbaum, Michael 5975:Berenbaum, Michael 5941:Berenbaum, Michael 5794:Far-right politics 5464: 5381:anti-globalization 5373:Yugoslav socialist 5322:Milan Stojadinović 5268: 5228:government led by 5191:Kingdom of Hungary 5179: 5020:Pale of Settlement 5016: 4623: 4518: 4394: 4283:due to immigration 4116:against the Jews, 4110: 3984:In February 2024, 3876: 3751:Bloeme Evers-Emden 3653: 3556:Artur Baghdasarian 3528:Hranoush Kharatyan 3414:Arayik Harutyunyan 2840:Estonia, Orthodox 2543:Belarus, Catholic 2408: 2048:invasion of Poland 1966: 1935:Revolution of 1905 1830: 1814: 1791:Pale of Settlement 1778:Bohdan Khmelnytsky 1663:William of Norwich 1654:, were massacred. 1625: 1290:Pale of Settlement 1196:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1116:Kevin Alfred Strom 1101:Richard B. Spencer 944:Triple parentheses 827:The Turner Diaries 800:Our Race Will Rule 769:1988 Hamas Charter 563:Antisemitic tropes 449:Christian Identity 382:Conservative Party 12606: 12605: 12317: 12316: 11960:Ghettos in Europe 11873:The Daily Stormer 11678:Roman Inquisition 11541:Jewish Bolshevism 11216:978-3-11-061641-5 11166:. 21 August 2014. 11149:978-0-19-929705-4 10435:978-1-137-31747-6 10366:978-3-11-036500-9 10072:978-0-89906-498-7 9977:978-0-87580-983-0 9950:978-1-108-49367-3 9722:NRK Lørdagsrevyen 9694:10 September 2014 9448:. Little, Brown. 9352:Alex J. Bellamy. 9336:Herczl, Moshe Y. 9144:on 28 April 2018. 9033:on 28 April 2018. 8926:. 14 January 2016 8739:"Juif, et alors?" 8403:European Interest 8320:978-1-78238-444-1 8168:on 23 August 2014 7857:Bruce F. Pauley, 6850:Political Insight 6484:. 5 January 2012. 6482:jewishhistory.org 6466:. 5 January 2024. 6068:Missing or empty 6061:cite encyclopedia 6052:978-0-02-866097-4 6008:Hertzberg, Arthur 5994:978-0-02-866097-4 5960:978-0-02-866097-4 5804:Fascism in Europe 5633:Svenska Dagbladet 5618:In October 2010, 5562:Basque separatism 5546:Iberian Peninsula 5509:Spanish Civil War 5349:soon after 1945. 5240:has promoted the 5165:by 2019 as well. 5086:Even though many 5012:Empress Elizabeth 4948:Michael Schudrich 4905:March 1968 events 4576:According to the 4388:. Photo from the 4360:(Jewish ramp) in 4244: 4243: 4147:Dolchstosslegende 4114:riots and pogroms 3644: 3575:Larisa Alaverdyan 3566:(the head of the 3560:Rima Varzhapetian 3512:Tigran Karapetyan 3490:persona non-grata 3384: 3383: 3067:Latvia, Catholic 3029:Latvia, Orthodox 2771:(Catholics only) 2650:Bosnia, Catholic 2612:Bosnia, Orthodox 2017:Dolchstosslegende 1924:Rothschild family 1910:conspiracy theory 1891:Tsar Alexander II 1774:Statute of Kalisz 1523: 1522: 1305:Russian Civil War 1246:Ghettos in Europe 1076:Ernest G. Liebold 975:Prominent figures 856:The Daily Stormer 746:Ethnic Cleansing 726:The Barnes Review 605:Franklin Prophecy 89: 88: 81: 16:(Redirected from 12641: 12629:Racism in Europe 12358:Sovereign states 12344: 12337: 12330: 12321: 12320: 11841:Holocaust denial 11710:Host desecration 11519:Cultural Marxism 11449:Antisemitism and 11428: 11383:New antisemitism 11305: 11298: 11291: 11282: 11281: 11265: 11263: 11261: 11255: 11243:Washington, D.C. 11236: 11220: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11173: 11167: 11157: 11151: 11131: 11125: 11124: 11122: 11120: 11114: 11108:. 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Archived from 6353: 6347: 6346: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6214: 6208: 6197: 6191: 6180: 6174: 6163: 6157: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6114: 6108: 6101: 6095: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6071: 6066: 6064: 6056: 6028: 6022: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5914: 5908: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5854: 5829:Racism in Europe 5738: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5403: 5234:Topoľčany pogrom 5154:Russian Far East 5112:", the rise of " 5062:while some made 4946:On 27 May 2006, 4879:While there are 4863:Leon Khazanovich 4824: 4802: 4619:Henrik Wergeland 4540: 4407:Antisemitism in 4370:transport trains 4301:Israel–Hamas war 4290:Der Tagesspiegel 4271:Turks in Germany 4226: 4225: 4218: 3991:Israel-Hamas War 3973: 3957: 3899: 3850:Associated Press 3793:Israel-Hamas War 3695:racial profiling 3645: 3543:Robert Kocharian 3496:The Armeno-Aryan 3437:Nagorno-Karabagh 3429:Voice of Armenia 3410:Nagorno-Karabakh 3377: 3366: 3355: 3337: 3326: 3315: 3297: 3286: 3275: 3257: 3246: 3235: 3217: 3206: 3195: 3177: 3166: 3155: 3137: 3126: 3115: 3097: 3086: 3075: 3059: 3048: 3037: 3021: 2990: 2979: 2968: 2950: 2939: 2928: 2910: 2899: 2888: 2870: 2859: 2848: 2832: 2801: 2790: 2779: 2760: 2749: 2738: 2720: 2709: 2698: 2680: 2669: 2658: 2642: 2631: 2620: 2604: 2573: 2562: 2551: 2535: 2524: 2513: 2497: 2466: 2455: 2444: 2411: 2407: 2339:Edward H. Kaplan 2335:Charles A. Small 2304:to highs of 66% 2225:Muslim Europeans 2120:Edvard Radzinsky 1838:Social Darwinism 1701:England, in 1290 1643:in the Gospels. 1532:, hatred of, or 1515: 1508: 1501: 1487: 1486: 1166:Nichifor Crainic 1111:Julius Streicher 1051:Heinrich Himmler 916:Renegade Tribune 637:Judeo-Bolshevism 616: 610:Host desecration 590:Cultural Marxism 476:Holocaust denial 116: 93: 92: 84: 77: 73: 70: 64: 59:this article by 50:inline citations 37: 36: 29: 21: 12649: 12648: 12644: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12639: 12638: 12609: 12608: 12607: 12602: 12526:North Macedonia 12353: 12348: 12318: 12313: 12095: 12049: 12047: 12040: 11921: 11910:The Right Stuff 11867:Bible Believers 11855: 11735: 11733: 11726: 11644: 11620:Self-hating Jew 11497: 11478:Nation of Islam 11444: 11314: 11309: 11276:Wayback Machine 11259: 11257: 11253: 11234: 11230: 11227: 11217: 11201: 11199:Further reading 11196: 11186: 11184: 11181:Times of Israel 11175: 11174: 11170: 11159:Malik, Kenan. 11158: 11154: 11132: 11128: 11118: 11116: 11115:on 14 June 2007 11112: 11105: 11096: 11092: 11069: 11065: 11055:Wayback Machine 11046: 11042: 11037: 11033: 11028: 11024: 11001: 10994: 10983: 10979: 10971:Donald Snyder. 10970: 10963: 10957:Wayback Machine 10948: 10944: 10927: 10926: 10919: 10917: 10913: 10909: 10907: 10900: 10890: 10888: 10878: 10874: 10864: 10862: 10853: 10852: 10848: 10832: 10831: 10819: 10812: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10793: 10792: 10788: 10778: 10776: 10766: 10762: 10752: 10750: 10740: 10736: 10726: 10724: 10720: 10714: 10707: 10697: 10695: 10691: 10684: 10678: 10674: 10664: 10662: 10658: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10639: 10637: 10626: 10622: 10614: 10610: 10602: 10598: 10592:Wayback Machine 10583: 10579: 10571: 10567: 10559: 10555: 10547: 10543: 10535: 10531: 10523: 10519: 10511: 10507: 10497: 10495: 10484: 10480: 10447: 10443: 10436: 10422: 10418: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10348: 10334: 10327: 10317: 10315: 10274: 10270: 10255: 10251: 10241: 10239: 10229: 10222: 10212: 10210: 10207:www.cbsnews.com 10201: 10200: 10196: 10186: 10184: 10166: 10162: 10156:Wayback Machine 10147: 10143: 10096: 10092: 10084: 10080: 10073: 10057: 10053: 10048: 10044: 10034:Wayback Machine 10024: 10020: 9989: 9985: 9978: 9962: 9958: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9892: 9888: 9857: 9853: 9846: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9780: 9779: 9775: 9767: 9760: 9748: 9741: 9731: 9729: 9716: 9715: 9708: 9702: 9698: 9690: 9686: 9680:Wayback Machine 9670: 9666: 9656: 9654: 9645: 9644: 9640: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9607: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9582: 9581: 9577: 9569:The Irish Times 9562: 9561: 9557: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9527: 9525: 9515: 9511: 9496: 9495: 9491: 9481: 9479: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9437: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9419:The Irish Times 9411: 9407: 9396: 9392: 9386:Wayback Machine 9377: 9373: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9347: 9335: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9291: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9264: 9260: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9230: 9228: 9218: 9214: 9204: 9202: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9168: 9167: 9163: 9147: 9146: 9141: 9130: 9122: 9118: 9108: 9106: 9097: 9096: 9092: 9078: 9074: 9068:Wayback Machine 9056: 9052: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9019: 9011: 9007: 8999: 8995: 8990:Time (magazine) 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8962: 8958: 8953:. Jewish Press. 8943: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8901: 8897: 8885: 8881: 8877:, 28 March 2003 8869:Wayback Machine 8859: 8855: 8847: 8843: 8837:Wayback Machine 8828: 8824: 8814: 8812: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8797: 8793: 8781: 8774: 8762: 8758: 8746:Wayback Machine 8736: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8711: 8710: 8706: 8696: 8694: 8684: 8680: 8670: 8668: 8656: 8652: 8638: 8636: 8624: 8620: 8610: 8608: 8596: 8592: 8582: 8580: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8556: 8554: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8478: 8476: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8450: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8430:. 5 August 2024 8422: 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8395: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8354: 8350: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8321: 8307: 8303: 8294: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8273: 8272: 8268: 8259: 8255: 8243: 8239: 8226: 8222: 8212: 8210: 8200: 8193: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8156: 8155: 8151: 8141: 8139: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8066: 8065: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7990: 7986: 7976: 7974: 7969: 7968: 7961: 7937:10.1.1.573.5858 7920: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7896:Fritz, Judith. 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7856: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7832:Wayback Machine 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7801:Wayback Machine 7792: 7788: 7767: 7766: 7759: 7757: 7752: 7751: 7747: 7737:Wayback Machine 7728: 7724: 7703: 7702: 7695: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7673: 7671: 7661: 7657: 7647:Wayback Machine 7638: 7629: 7608: 7607: 7600: 7598: 7593: 7592: 7588: 7567: 7566: 7559: 7557: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7542:Wayback Machine 7533: 7529: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7477: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7447: 7446: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7417: 7413: 7403: 7401: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7365: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7318: 7317: 7313: 7304: 7297: 7265: 7259: 7255: 7249:Wayback Machine 7240: 7236: 7226:Wayback Machine 7217: 7213: 7201: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7182:Times of Israel 7176: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7118: 7117: 7110: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7056: 7049: 7033: 7032: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7010:"Archived copy" 7008: 7007: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6946:on 15 June 2013 6940:fighthatred.com 6934: 6933: 6929: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6901: 6899: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6684: 6680: 6640: 6636: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6539: 6535: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6498:. 28 July 2023. 6494: 6493: 6489: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6355: 6354: 6350: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6319: 6315: 6305: 6303: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6255: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6215: 6211: 6198: 6194: 6181: 6177: 6171:Heinrich Graetz 6164: 6160: 6147: 6143: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6102: 6098: 6085: 6081: 6069: 6067: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6029: 6025: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5915: 5911: 5902: 5898: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5715: 5709: 5681: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5652: 5628:Yale University 5606:prime minister 5591: 5585: 5515:'s faction and 5486:Alhambra Decree 5456: 5444:Main articles: 5442: 5354:Communist party 5335:numerus clausus 5256: 5250: 5215:Czechoslovakism 5171: 5024:Imperial Russia 5000: 4986: 4976: 4874:numerus clausus 4857:Lithuanian Jews 4747:of the Swedish 4737: 4731: 4666:Vidkun Quisling 4637: 4611: 4579:NRC Handelsblad 4554: 4548: 4524: 4510: 4478: 4468: 4433: 4390:Auschwitz Album 4350: 4340: 4316: 4310: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4240: 4227: 4223: 4205: 4181: 4171: 4094: 4088: 4064:Second Intifada 4033: 4027: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3974: 3971: 3951: 3912:of Copenhagen. 3885:Hep! Hep! Riots 3868: 3862: 3830: 3807: 3801: 3735:. In 2009, the 3725: 3707: 3636: 3634: 3626:Main articles: 3624: 3589:Vardan Ayvazyan 3488:to be declared 3448:National System 3423:In April 1998, 3394: 3389: 3380: 3375: 3369: 3364: 3358: 3353: 3340: 3335: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3313: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3284: 3278: 3273: 3260: 3255: 3249: 3244: 3238: 3233: 3220: 3215: 3209: 3204: 3198: 3193: 3180: 3175: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3153: 3140: 3135: 3129: 3124: 3118: 3113: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3084: 3078: 3073: 3062: 3057: 3051: 3046: 3040: 3035: 3024: 3019: 2993: 2988: 2982: 2977: 2971: 2966: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2937: 2931: 2926: 2913: 2908: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2886: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2857: 2851: 2846: 2835: 2830: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2788: 2782: 2777: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2747: 2741: 2736: 2723: 2718: 2712: 2707: 2701: 2696: 2683: 2678: 2672: 2667: 2661: 2656: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2618: 2607: 2602: 2576: 2571: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2549: 2538: 2533: 2527: 2522: 2516: 2511: 2500: 2495: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2442: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2399: 2308:, and over 40% 2286: 2227: 2158: 2140: 2084: 1954: 1946:Main articles: 1944: 1803: 1732: 1617:Loddon, Norfolk 1609: 1603: 1598: 1588: 1519: 1478: 1477: 1458:Self-hating Jew 1448: 1440: 1439: 1360: 1342: 1332: 1331: 1216: 1206: 1205: 1181:Philippe Pétain 1176:László Ferenczy 1156:Gheorghe Buzatu 1091:Eustace Mullins 1086:Kevin MacDonald 1066:Osama bin Laden 1061:Arthur J. Jones 1046:Joseph Goebbels 1036:Theodor Fritsch 1026:Louis Farrakhan 1011:Édouard Drumont 1001:James von Brunn 976: 968: 967: 922:The Right Stuff 840: 832: 831: 818: 815: 804: 801: 779:La Libre Parole 754:La France juive 716: 706: 705: 600:Finance control 565: 555: 554: 496:Nation of Islam 424: 416: 415: 323:Imperial Russia 196: 186: 185: 161: 132: 131: 85: 74: 68: 65: 55:Please help to 54: 38: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12647: 12637: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12600: 12598:United Kingdom 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12417:Czech Republic 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12367: 12361: 12359: 12355: 12354: 12347: 12346: 12339: 12332: 12324: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12311: 12306: 12305: 12304: 12299: 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11738: 11736: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11686: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11665: 11663:Jewish deicide 11660: 11654: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11610: 11609: 11608: 11596: 11591: 11584: 11579: 11578: 11577: 11572: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11549: 11548: 11538: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11505: 11503: 11502:Related topics 11499: 11498: 11496: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11464: 11463: 11452: 11450: 11446: 11445: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11396: 11395: 11390: 11380: 11379: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11308: 11307: 11300: 11293: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11266: 11226: 11225:External links 11223: 11222: 11221: 11215: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11194: 11168: 11152: 11135:Anthony Julius 11126: 11090: 11063: 11040: 11031: 11022: 11011:Westview Press 10992: 10977: 10961: 10942: 10898: 10872: 10846: 10810: 10786: 10760: 10734: 10705: 10672: 10647: 10620: 10608: 10596: 10577: 10565: 10553: 10541: 10529: 10517: 10505: 10478: 10441: 10434: 10416: 10372: 10365: 10325: 10268: 10249: 10220: 10209:. 29 June 2006 10194: 10160: 10141: 10116:10.1086/600769 10110:(2): 351–381. 10090: 10078: 10071: 10051: 10042: 10025:Jones, Derek. 10018: 9999:(2): 335–348. 9983: 9976: 9956: 9949: 9929: 9902:(3): 258–273. 9886: 9851: 9844: 9822: 9815: 9795: 9773: 9758: 9739: 9706: 9696: 9684: 9664: 9638: 9617: 9595: 9575: 9555: 9535: 9509: 9489: 9461: 9454: 9431: 9405: 9390: 9371: 9359: 9345: 9329: 9304: 9284: 9258: 9238: 9212: 9187: 9161: 9116: 9090: 9072: 9050: 9005: 8993: 8982: 8956: 8937: 8911: 8895: 8879: 8853: 8841: 8822: 8800: 8791: 8772: 8756: 8754:, 6 June 2005. 8730: 8704: 8678: 8650: 8633:Jyllandsposten 8618: 8590: 8564: 8537: 8511: 8486: 8456: 8441: 8415: 8389: 8361: 8348: 8326: 8319: 8301: 8288: 8266: 8253: 8237: 8220: 8208:Jerusalem Post 8191: 8179: 8149: 8138:on 3 July 2014 8119: 8089: 8078:on 25 May 2014 8059: 8034: 8022: 7996: 7984: 7959: 7911: 7888: 7863: 7850: 7836: 7817: 7805: 7786: 7745: 7739:(in Russian). 7722: 7681: 7655: 7627: 7586: 7545: 7527: 7513: 7493: 7462: 7437: 7425:Jerusalem Post 7411: 7400:. 11 July 2024 7385: 7359: 7333: 7311: 7295: 7276:(4): 548–561. 7253: 7234: 7211: 7195: 7169: 7144: 7108: 7094: 7076: 7047: 7022:on 12 May 2013 7001: 6979: 6957: 6927: 6909: 6898:. 30 July 1999 6883: 6836: 6810: 6782: 6757: 6739: 6727: 6701: 6678: 6634: 6616: 6602: 6588: 6570: 6552: 6533: 6519: 6501: 6487: 6469: 6455: 6437: 6428: 6403: 6378: 6348: 6330: 6313: 6297:"Moneylending" 6288: 6249: 6224: 6209: 6192: 6175: 6158: 6141: 6127: 6109: 6096: 6079: 6051: 6023: 6000: 5993: 5966: 5959: 5931: 5909: 5896: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5789:Jewish history 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5754:Hilsner Affair 5751: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5736:Judaism portal 5723: 5720: 5711:Main article: 5708: 5707:United Kingdom 5705: 5677:Main article: 5674: 5671: 5666:Main article: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5648: 5587:Main article: 5584: 5581: 5577:Unidas Podemos 5537:General Franco 5441: 5438: 5314:Drava Banovina 5249: 5246: 5238:Marian Kotleba 5189:, part of the 5170: 5167: 5088:Old Bolsheviks 5068:Land of Israel 4975: 4972: 4968:Grzegorz Braun 4937:Roman Giertych 4913: 4912: 4865:, a leader of 4817: 4816: 4730: 4727: 4610: 4607: 4547: 4544: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4485: 4467: 4464: 4450:In 2024, many 4432: 4429: 4339: 4336: 4312:Main article: 4309: 4306: 4257:Main article: 4254: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4230: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4204: 4201: 4185:Nuremberg Laws 4170: 4167: 4087: 4084: 4029:Main article: 4026: 4023: 4012:Main article: 4009: 4006: 3998: 3995: 3979:Intact Denmark 3969: 3965:Jyllandsposten 3949:Jødisk Samfund 3910:main synagogue 3897:Carolineskolen 3861: 3858: 3838:Hilsner Affair 3829: 3828:Czech Republic 3826: 3811:King Boris III 3803:Main article: 3800: 3797: 3706: 3703: 3623: 3620: 3508:People's Party 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3231: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2775: 2772: 2769:Czech Republic 2765: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2398: 2395: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2331:European Union 2285: 2282: 2278:United Nations 2267:Mohammed Merah 2226: 2223: 2179:United Kingdom 2169:, but also in 2139: 2136: 2092:United Kingdom 2083: 2080: 2046:With the Nazi 2025:Nuremberg Laws 1973:Jewish history 1943: 1940: 1868:Alfred Dreyfus 1864:Dreyfus affair 1811:Dreyfus affair 1802: 1799: 1784:Following the 1731: 1728: 1641:Pontius Pilate 1602: 1599: 1587: 1584: 1578:, resulted in 1553:ancient Greece 1534:discrimination 1521: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1503: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1447:Related topics 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1343: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1300:Russian Empire 1292: 1287: 1285:Nuremberg Laws 1282: 1277: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1241:Jewish quarter 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1201:Richard Wagner 1198: 1193: 1191:Stepan Bandera 1188: 1186:Symon Petliura 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1021:Adolf Eichmann 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 977: 974: 973: 970: 969: 966: 965: 963:Veterans Today 960: 957:The Unz Review 953: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 918: 913: 908: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 864: 859: 852: 847: 841: 838: 837: 834: 833: 830: 829: 824: 819: 812: 810: 805: 798: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 717: 712: 711: 708: 707: 704: 703: 701:ZOG conspiracy 698: 696:White genocide 693: 691:Well poisoning 688: 683: 682: 681: 676: 666: 661: 656: 651: 649:Judeo-Masonism 646: 645: 644: 634: 629: 624: 619: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 566: 561: 560: 557: 556: 553: 552: 551: 550: 545: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 514: 513: 508: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 452: 451: 441: 436: 431: 425: 423:Manifestations 422: 421: 418: 417: 414: 413: 408: 407: 406: 401: 391: 390: 389: 384: 377:United Kingdom 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 348: 347: 337: 336: 335: 330: 325: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 264: 263: 258: 256:Dreyfus affair 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 197: 192: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 173: 171:Nexus Document 168: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 147: 142: 134: 133: 130: 129: 127:discrimination 123:Jewish history 118: 117: 109: 108: 102: 101: 87: 86: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12646: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12616: 12614: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12489:Liechtenstein 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12362: 12360: 12356: 12352: 12345: 12340: 12338: 12333: 12331: 12326: 12325: 12322: 12310: 12307: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12294: 12293: 12292:United States 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12240: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12098: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12043: 12037: 12034: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11989: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11972:The Holocaust 11970: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11932: 11930: 11928: 11924: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11874: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11858: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11836:Doctors' plot 11834: 11832: 11831:Slánský trial 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11815: 11814:The Holocaust 11812: 11810: 11807: 11806: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11793: 11790: 11789: 11788: 11787:Farhud (Iraq) 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11747:Hep-Hep riots 11745: 11743: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11729: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11695:Martin Luther 11693: 11691: 11688: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11647: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11630:Weaponization 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11615: 11611: 11607: 11604: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11597: 11595: 11594:Philosemitism 11592: 11590: 11589: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11553:Khazar theory 11551: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11536: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11500: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11483:Olympic Games 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11462: 11461:New Testament 11459: 11458: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11447: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11423: 11422: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11381: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11363: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11306: 11301: 11299: 11294: 11292: 11287: 11286: 11283: 11277: 11273: 11270: 11267: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11218: 11212: 11208: 11203: 11202: 11182: 11178: 11172: 11165: 11162: 11156: 11150: 11146: 11142: 11141: 11136: 11130: 11111: 11104: 11100: 11094: 11088: 11087:0-8032-5945-X 11084: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11067: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11049: 11044: 11035: 11026: 11020: 11019:0-8133-3792-5 11016: 11012: 11008: 11004: 10999: 10997: 10989: 10986: 10981: 10974: 10968: 10966: 10958: 10954: 10951: 10946: 10937: 10931: 10912: 10905: 10903: 10887: 10883: 10876: 10860: 10856: 10850: 10842: 10836: 10828: 10824: 10817: 10815: 10796: 10790: 10775: 10771: 10764: 10749: 10745: 10738: 10719: 10712: 10710: 10694:on 2 May 2014 10690: 10683: 10676: 10657: 10651: 10635: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10600: 10593: 10589: 10586: 10581: 10574: 10569: 10562: 10557: 10550: 10545: 10538: 10533: 10526: 10521: 10514: 10509: 10493: 10489: 10482: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10462: 10458: 10454: 10453: 10445: 10437: 10431: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10387: 10379: 10377: 10368: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10347: 10343: 10339: 10332: 10330: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10277:Ilya Yablokov 10272: 10266:30 July 2002. 10265: 10264: 10259: 10253: 10238: 10234: 10227: 10225: 10208: 10204: 10198: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10164: 10157: 10153: 10150: 10145: 10138: 10133: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10094: 10087: 10082: 10074: 10068: 10064: 10063: 10055: 10046: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10028: 10022: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9987: 9979: 9973: 9969: 9968: 9960: 9952: 9946: 9942: 9941: 9933: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9890: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9855: 9847: 9845:9783319924809 9841: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9816:9789639241268 9812: 9808: 9807: 9799: 9783: 9777: 9770: 9765: 9763: 9755: 9754:The Foreigner 9751: 9746: 9744: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9713: 9711: 9700: 9693: 9688: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9668: 9652: 9648: 9642: 9627: 9621: 9605: 9599: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9579: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9559: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9539: 9524: 9520: 9513: 9505: 9504: 9499: 9493: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9457: 9455:9780316250306 9451: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9435: 9420: 9416: 9409: 9402: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9383: 9380: 9375: 9368: 9363: 9357: 9356: 9349: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9288: 9273: 9269: 9262: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9242: 9227: 9223: 9216: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9165: 9157: 9151: 9140: 9136: 9133:. Bielefeld: 9129: 9128: 9120: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9054: 9046: 9040: 9029: 9025: 9022:. Bielefeld: 9018: 9017: 9009: 9002: 8997: 8991: 8986: 8971: 8967: 8960: 8952: 8948: 8941: 8925: 8921: 8915: 8908: 8905: 8902:Tuval, Uri. 8899: 8892: 8889: 8883: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8857: 8850: 8845: 8838: 8834: 8831: 8826: 8810: 8804: 8795: 8788: 8785: 8779: 8777: 8769: 8766: 8763:Judah, Ben. 8760: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8734: 8718: 8714: 8708: 8693: 8689: 8682: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8654: 8647: 8635: 8634: 8629: 8622: 8607: 8606: 8601: 8594: 8579:. 11 May 2017 8578: 8574: 8568: 8552: 8548: 8541: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8453: 8448: 8446: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8404: 8400: 8393: 8378:. 3 July 2019 8377: 8376: 8371: 8365: 8358: 8352: 8336: 8330: 8322: 8316: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8292: 8276: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8247: 8241: 8234: 8230: 8229:Social Forces 8224: 8209: 8205: 8198: 8196: 8188: 8183: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8031: 8026: 8010: 8003: 8001: 7993: 7988: 7972: 7966: 7964: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7918: 7916: 7899: 7892: 7873: 7867: 7860: 7854: 7846: 7840: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7790: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7755: 7749: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7731: 7726: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7691: 7685: 7670: 7666: 7659: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7596: 7590: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7531: 7523: 7517: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7482: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7426: 7422: 7415: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7347: 7343: 7337: 7321: 7315: 7308: 7302: 7300: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7264: 7257: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7238: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7215: 7208: 7204: 7199: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7113: 7104: 7098: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7065: 7061: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7037: 7018: 7011: 7005: 6989: 6983: 6967: 6961: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6897: 6893: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6814: 6807: 6792: 6786: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6734: 6732: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6674:0-385-47954-9 6671: 6667: 6666:0-385-47397-4 6663: 6659: 6655: 6654:5-264-00574-5 6651: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6620: 6612: 6606: 6598: 6592: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6537: 6529: 6523: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6497: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6465: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6432: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6326: 6325: 6317: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6238: 6234: 6228: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6137: 6131: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6106: 6100: 6093: 6089: 6083: 6075: 6062: 6054: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6037:Skolnik, Fred 6034: 6027: 6021: 6020:0-06-063834-6 6017: 6013: 6009: 6004: 5996: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5979:Skolnik, Fred 5976: 5970: 5962: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5945:Skolnik, Fred 5942: 5935: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5906: 5900: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5849: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5774:The Holocaust 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5669: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5609: 5608:Göran Persson 5604: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5580: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5413:RTV Slovenija 5409: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5374: 5369: 5367: 5361: 5359: 5358:Murska Sobota 5355: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5330:Anton Korošec 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5287:Josip Vošnjak 5284: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5187:Upper Hungary 5184: 5175: 5166: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5144:in 1928. The 5143: 5139: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5110:Doctors' plot 5107: 5103: 5099: 5098:Joseph Stalin 5095: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5060:United States 5056: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5013: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4891:in 1941 (see 4890: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4749:House of Vasa 4746: 4745:Sigismund III 4742: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4705:Johan Galtung 4701: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4680:In 2010, the 4678: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4615: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4553: 4543: 4539: 4535:and the word 4534: 4529: 4523: 4514: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4372:. To be sent 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4286: 4284: 4281:antisemitism 4279: 4274: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4238: 4237:MediaWiki.org 4234: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4193:Kristallnacht 4190: 4189:who was a Jew 4186: 4180: 4176: 4175:The Holocaust 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4102:Kristallnacht 4098: 4093: 4083: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4021: 4015: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3980: 3968: 3966: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3880: 3872: 3867: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3812: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3699:orthodox Jews 3696: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3649:Kristallnacht 3633: 3629: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564:Levon Ananyan 3561: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3541:to President 3540: 3536: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3425:Igor Muradyan 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3404:. During the 3403: 3399: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3066: 3065: 3028: 3027: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2839: 2838: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2649: 2648: 2611: 2610: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2542: 2541: 2504: 2503: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2413: 2412: 2406: 2404: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2268: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116:Doctors' Plot 2113: 2108: 2106: 2105:Kielce pogrom 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2088:United States 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060:concentration 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033:Kristallnacht 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969:The Holocaust 1963: 1958: 1953: 1952:The Holocaust 1949: 1942:The Holocaust 1939: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:assassination 1884: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1872:Theodor Herzl 1869: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1857:Hep-Hep riots 1852: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1740:Enlightenment 1737: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716:Martin Luther 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:feudal system 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1581: 1580:the Holocaust 1577: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1482: 1481: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1463:Weaponization 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1453:Philosemitism 1451: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1374:Philosemitism 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1258:The Holocaust 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1151:Octavian Goga 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1136:Ion Antonescu 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1106:Joseph Stalin 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1081:Martin Luther 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 986:Andrew Anglin 984: 982: 979: 978: 972: 971: 964: 961: 959: 958: 954: 952: 951: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 923: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 906: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 869: 865: 863: 860: 858: 857: 853: 851: 848: 846: 845:4chan (/pol/) 843: 842: 836: 835: 828: 825: 823: 820: 817: 811: 809: 806: 803: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 749: 744: 742: 739: 737: 736:Currency Wars 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 715: 710: 709: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 680: 679:Slánský trial 677: 675: 674:Doctors' plot 672: 671: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 659:Media control 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 643: 640: 639: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615:International 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 567: 564: 559: 558: 549: 546: 544: 541: 540: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 450: 447: 446: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 426: 420: 419: 412: 409: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 395: 392: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 346: 343: 342: 341: 338: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 320: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 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