46:
275:
des animaux dâun autre genre, des prĂ©curseurs de lâhomme dans lâĂ©chelle des ĂȘtres, prĂ©curseurs auxquels jâai donnĂ© le nom dâAnthropopithecus. Ainsi, par le seul raisonnement, solidement appuyĂ© sur des observations prĂ©cises, nous sommes arrivĂ©s Ă dĂ©couvrir dâune maniĂšre certaine un ĂȘtre intermĂ©diaire entre les anthropoĂŻdes actuels et lâhomme
274:
Nous sommes donc forcĂ©ment conduits Ă admettre, par une dĂ©duction logique tirĂ©e de lâobservation directe des faits, que les animaux intelligents qui savaient faire du feu et tailler des pierres Ă lâĂ©poque tertiaire, nâĂ©taient pas des hommes dans lâacception gĂ©ologique et palĂ©ontologique du mot, mais
521:
He slept well, did
General MacKackmale, with both eyes shut, though longer than was permitted by regulations. With his long arms, his round eyes deeply set under their beetling brows, his face embellished with a stubbly beard, his grimaces, his semi-human gestures, the extraordinary jutting-out of
282:
We are therefore forced to admit, as a consequence of a logical deduction drawn from the direct observation of the facts, that intelligent animals who knew how to make fire and cut stones in the
Tertiary Period, were not men in the geological and paleontological sense of the word, but animals of
400:
came to mean something like "the upright chimpanzee", or "the chimpanzee standing up". However, a year later, in 1893, Dubois considered that some anatomical characters proper to humans made necessary the attribution of these remains to a genus different than
510:
Il dormait bien, le général Mac
Kackmale, sur ses deux oreilles, plus longues que ne le comporte lâordonnance. Avec ses bras dĂ©mesurĂ©s, ses yeux ronds, enfoncĂ©s sous de rudes sourcils, sa face encadrĂ©e dâune barbe rĂȘche, sa physionomie grimaçante, ses gestes
558:. He dates the former, a discoverer that fire can be captured, to 500,000 years ago, and the latter, the first hominid to adopt clothing, to 200,000 years ago. For the purposes of the story, the conversations of both are rendered in contemporary English.
801:
515:, le prognathisme extraordinaire de sa mĂąchoire, il Ă©tait dâune laideur remarquable, â mĂȘme chez un gĂ©nĂ©ral anglais. Un vrai singe, excellent militaire, dâailleurs, malgrĂ© sa tournure simiesque.
443:. Weidenreich concluded in 1940 that because of their anatomical similarity with modern humans it was necessary to gather all these specimens of Java and China in a single species of the genus
955:
VII International
Symposium âCultural Heritage in Geosciences, Mining and Metallurgy: Libraries - Archives - Museumsâ: âMuseums and their collectionsâ, Leiden (The Netherlands), 19â23 May 2003
972:
522:
his jaw, he was remarkably ugly, even for an
English general. Something of a monkey but an excellent soldier nevertheless, in spite of his apelike appearance.
99:. Both are derived from Greek áŒÎœÎžÏÏÏÎżÏ (anthropos, "man") and ÏίΞηÎșÎżÏ (pĂthÄkos, "ape" or "monkey"), translating to "man-ape" and "ape-man", respectively.
364:, assuming that these remains had to be brought back to the chimpanzee genus as the latter was being understood at the time. A famous example of a fossil
291:. Thus, by reasoning alone, firmly supported by precise observations, we have come to discover with certainty a being intermediate between the present
334:
was dropped. Yet the chimpanzee meaning of the genus persisted throughout the 19th century, even to the point of being a genus name attributed to
536:
392:. This Dubois paper, written during the last quarter of 1892, was published by the Dutch government in 1893. In those early 1890s, the term
765:
824:
242:
170:
78:
925:
993:
1003:
920:, Casterman (collection "BibliothĂšque de Moulinsart"), Brussels, November 1991, 93 p., 23,2cm x 15cm ;
119:. It had also been used to describe several other extant and extinct species, among others the fossil
471:
is scientifically obsolete in the present day but did become widespread in popular culture, mainly in
998:
593:
32:
760:, June 2013 (single-volume paperback version of the original 2011 2-volume edition), 1056 pp.;
50:
216:
58:
330:), the argument proposed by De Mortillet fell into disrepute and his definition of the term
284:
835:, BibliothĂšque des sciences contemporaines, 2nd edition, Paris, C. Reinwald, 1885, 642 p.
8:
338:
250:
128:
110:
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425:
304:
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192:
174:
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English author George C Foster makes use of both
Pithecanthropus (aka Java Man) and
349:
345:
323:
21:
385:
977:
847:
584:
311:
189:
396:
was still being used by zoologists as the genus name of chimpanzees, so Dubois'
646:
631:
626:
547:) are a large herd of ape-men having reached a very low degree of civilisation.
224:
96:
748:
746:
744:
431:(1873-1948) compared in detail the characters of Dubois' Java Man, then named
420:(1834-1919) had created in 1868. Years later, in the 20th century, the German
987:
565:
504:) to describe the simian aspect of one of his characters, General McKackmale:
417:
88:
17:
707:
was translated in 1959 by
Idrisyn Oliver Evans as "his semi-human gestures".
211:
had already been attributed to chimpanzees in 1816 by the German naturalist
741:
551:
451:
300:
239:
137:
892:
314:(1861â1942) published a paper demonstrating that the eoliths were in fact
588:
493:
488:
484:
353:
235:
212:
115:
49:
This old jar containing a chimpanzee brain is currently preserved in the
976:(from the "PÎle international de la Préhistoire", archived document, in
436:
377:
342:
45:
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421:
414:
381:
308:
253:", a hypothetical intermediate between ape and man that lived in the
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120:
25:
882:(1959), 8th series, edited by Anthony Boucher, Ace Books, New York
568:
341:. For example, a fossil primate discovered in 1878 by the British
269:, below quoted after the 2nd edition, 1885), De Mortillet writes:
16:"Pithecanthropus" redirects here. For Pithecanthropus alalus, see
679:
636:
562:
476:
315:
196:
185:
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36:
223:
definitely lost its validity in 1895, becoming from that date a
690:
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335:
292:
258:
257:
and that supposedly, following De
Mortillet's theory, produced
156:
674:
According to the current international consensus, the genus
445:
143:
918:
Le
Haddock illustré, l'intégrale des jurons du capitaine
459:
had already been abandoned since 1895 at the earliest.
946:
The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection
784:(Mammalia, Carnivora): available as from Oken, 1816",
184:
was established by De
Blainville in 1839, the British
878:
Translated from the French by Idrisyn Oliver Evans â
388:, who named the discovery with the scientific name
405:and he renamed the specimen of Java with the name
219:prevails over subsequent nomenclatures, the genus
173:(1777â1850) in order to give a genus name to some
31:"man-ape" redirects here. Not to be confused with
985:
953:Winkler Prins, C.F. & Donovan, S.K. (eds.),
758:Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution
127:, originally coined to refer to a theoretical "
123:. Very quickly, the latter was re-assigned to
776:P. K. Tubbs, "Opinion 1368 The generic names
608:. In this song, the chorus repeats the term
91:, 1868) are obsolete taxa describing either
961:, 4: 267-285, 9 figs.; Leiden, August 2004.
820:
818:
816:
535:), written by French journalist and writer
177:material that he was studying at the time.
880:The Best From Fantasy and Science Fiction
604:wrote, sang and recorded the song titled
162:was first proposed in 1841 by the French
893:"Summary Bibliography: George C. Foster"
813:
44:
657:
283:another kind, precursors of Man in the
35:. For the Marvel Comics character, see
20:. For Pithecanthropus rudolfensis, see
986:
803:Le Préhistorique, antiquité de l'homme
688:) and the bonobo or dwarf chimpanzee (
263:Le Préhistorique, antiquité de l'homme
105:was originally coined to describe the
462:
287:, precursors to whom I gave the name
798:PÎle international de la Préhistoire
770:
786:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
384:, by Dutch physician and anatomist
24:. For Pithecanthropus erectus, see
13:
937:
171:Henri-Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
14:
1015:
965:
409:(1893 paper, published in 1894).
829:Le Préhistorique, antiquité de l
267:The Prehistoric: Man's Antiquity
959:Scripta Geologic, Special Issue
910:
710:
318:produced by natural phenomena (
215:(1779â1851). Since any earlier
885:
872:
841:
791:
697:
668:
245:(1821â1898) proposed the term
1:
866:(1905), tome 16, pp. 257â267
788:(1985), volume 42, pp 365-370
734:
705:ses gestes dâanthropopithĂšque
527:In the science-fiction novel
435:, with the characters of the
201:Anthropopithecus troglodytes
55:Anthropopithecus troglodytes
7:
620:
362:Anthropopithecus sivalensis
141:, thus a junior synonym of
10:
1020:
455:. By that time, the genus
360:in 1879 but later renamed
150:
30:
15:
682:: the common chimpanzee (
203:in 1883 to designate the
195:(1855â1936) proposed the
662:
594:The Adventures of Tintin
398:Anthropopithecus erectus
390:Anthropopithecus erectus
372:, discovered in 1891 in
299:When in 1905 the French
51:Science Museum of London
994:Biological anthropology
600:In 2001, French singer
441:Sinanthropus pekinensis
433:Pithecanthropus erectus
413:is a genus that German
407:Pithecanthropus erectus
805:/ Gabriel de Mortillet
724:, but in French slang
579:) one of the numerous
524:
518:
297:
279:
261:. In his work of 1883
68:
53:. It is still labeled
42:Obsolete primate taxon
1004:Obsolete primate taxa
943:John de Vos, lecture
728:also refers to a lie.
519:
507:
280:
271:
207:. However, the genus
48:
856:origine des Ă©olithes
825:Gabriel de Mortillet
720:refers to a type of
658:Notes and references
533:The City of Darkness
529:La Cité des TénÚbres
243:Gabriel de Mortillet
234:In 1879, the French
61:replaced in 1895 by
426:paleoanthropologist
348:(1829-1908) in the
305:paleoanthropologist
973:L'anthropopithĂšque
554:in his 1930 novel
545:Anthropopithecuses
463:In popular culture
135:is now classed as
69:
766:978-1-1186-5099-8
602:Brigitte Fontaine
541:anthropopithĂšques
429:Franz Weidenreich
205:common chimpanzee
193:John Bland-Sutton
1011:
999:Prehistoric life
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930:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
889:
883:
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750:
729:
716:The French word
714:
708:
701:
695:
672:
614:Anthropopithecus
610:anthropopithĂšque
577:Anthropopithecus
573:anthropopithĂšque
556:Full Fathom Five
513:anthropopithĂšque
502:Anthropopithecus
498:anthropopithĂšque
469:Anthropopithecus
457:Anthropopithecus
403:Anthropopithecus
394:Anthropopithecus
366:Anthropopithecus
356:was first named
350:Pakistani Punjab
346:William Theobald
332:Anthropopithecus
289:Anthropopithecus
249:to designate a "
247:Anthropopithecus
221:Anthropopithecus
182:Anthropopithecus
180:After the genus
160:Anthropopithecus
103:Anthropopithecus
74:Anthropopithecus
22:Homo rudolfensis
1019:
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938:Further reading
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685:Pan troglodytes
673:
669:
665:
660:
623:
585:Captain Haddock
465:
411:Pithecanthropus
368:is that of the
312:Marcellin Boule
285:chain of beings
153:
133:Pithecanthropus
125:Pithecanthropus
84:Pithecanthropus
64:Pan troglodytes
43:
40:
29:
12:
11:
5:
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1007:
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966:External links
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647:Human taxonomy
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632:Archaic humans
629:
627:Anthropomorpha
622:
619:
618:
617:
598:
571:made the term
559:
548:
506:
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496:uses the term
464:
461:
449:, the species
358:Palaeopithecus
301:paleontologist
240:anthropologist
225:junior synonym
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111:junior synonym
97:archaic humans
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703:The sentence
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539:in 1926, the
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419:
418:Ernst Haeckel
416:
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404:
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395:
391:
387:
386:EugĂšne Dubois
383:
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376:, nearby the
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354:British India
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236:archaeologist
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227:of the genus
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59:binomial name
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34:
27:
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18:Ernst Haeckel
971:
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954:
950:
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900:. Retrieved
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691:Pan paniscus
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683:
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555:
544:
540:
532:
528:
520:
512:
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452:Homo erectus
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389:
365:
361:
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343:malacologist
331:
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251:missing link
246:
233:
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220:
217:nomenclature
208:
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154:
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138:Homo erectus
136:
132:
129:missing link
124:
114:
102:
101:
83:
82:
81:, 1839) and
73:
72:
70:
62:
54:
929:(in French)
868:(in French)
837:(in French)
809:(in French)
589:comic album
581:swear words
552:Eoanthropus
494:Jules Verne
489:Gil Braltar
485:short story
293:anthropoids
213:Lorenz Oken
93:chimpanzees
988:Categories
735:References
437:Peking Man
378:Solo River
190:naturalist
175:chimpanzee
107:chimpanzee
79:Blainville
71:The terms
537:LĂ©on Groc
467:The term
422:physician
415:biologist
382:East Java
339:specimens
309:geologist
168:anatomist
164:zoologist
782:Panthera
652:Humanzee
642:Hominini
621:See also
492:(1887),
370:Java Man
324:pressure
320:freezing
316:geofacts
295:and Man.
255:Tertiary
121:Java Man
26:Java Man
902:15 July
754:et alii
680:species
637:Caveman
591:series
587:in the
563:Belgian
483:In his
477:Belgium
259:eoliths
197:species
186:surgeon
151:History
89:Haeckel
37:Man-Ape
978:French
924:
764:
726:pipeau
718:pipeau
606:Pipeau
473:France
374:Trinil
336:fossil
33:apeman
897:Isfdb
833:homme
663:Notes
569:Hergé
380:, in
199:name
157:genus
922:ISBN
904:2023
780:and
762:ISBN
722:pipe
561:The
475:and
446:Homo
424:and
328:fire
307:and
238:and
188:and
166:and
155:The
144:Homo
858:",
850:, "
778:Pan
676:Pan
583:of
352:in
229:Pan
209:Pan
131:".
116:Pan
113:of
95:or
990::
957:.
951:In
949:.
895:.
827:,
815:^
807:"
756:,
743:^
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511:dâ
479::
326:,
322:,
303:,
231:.
147:.
57:,
980:)
906:.
862:'
860:L
854:'
852:L
831:'
800:"
612:(
597:.
575:(
543:(
531:(
500:(
277:.
265:(
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67:.
39:.
28:.
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