329:, a Swiss mountain-climber and photographer from a modest background who had scaled some of the most difficult peaks in the world. He had just lost his life on the Russian-Chinese border. From his contributions to magazines, she recognized the quality of his photographs. She was also fascinated by his fearless attitude about life and his confidence in the face of difficulties, which contrasted with her own problems with depression. When in Moscow, she acquired Saladin's films and diary and took them to Switzerland, with the intention of writing a book on him. However, once home, she could not face returning to the isolation she had experienced in Persia. She rented a house in
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427:, who fell madly in love with her ("She had a face that I knew would haunt me for the rest of my life", wrote McCullers). McCullers' passion was not reciprocated. In fact, she was devastated at Schwarzenbach's apparent lack of interest in her. Schwarzenbach, who had plenty of troubles herself, knew that there was no future in a one-sided relationship and avoided meeting with McCullers, but they remained friends. Later, they conducted a long and relatively tender correspondence, mainly on the subject of writing literature. McCullers dedicated her novel,
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her, because I was always weaker than her, but, because I could argue my case, felt stronger and that I was right. And while I love her." Her family problems were exacerbated by family members supporting
National Socialist politicians, while Annemarie hated the Nazis. Despite her problems, Schwarzenbach was productive: besides her books, between 1933 and 1942, she produced 365 articles and 50 photo-reports for Swiss, German and some American newspapers and magazines.
33:
433:, which was actually written before the two women met, to her. Schwarzenbach was also at this time involved in a difficult relationship with the wife of a wealthy man, Baronessa Margot von Opel, and was still struggling with her feelings for Erika Mann. This contributed to another bout of depression and another suicide attempt, which saw her hospitalised and released only under the condition that she leave the USA.
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242:), although they always remained friends. Still smarting from Erika's rejection, she spent the following years in Berlin. There she found a soulmate in Klaus Mann and became a frequent visitor to the family Mann's house. With Klaus, she started using drugs. She led a fast life in the bustling, decadent, artistic city that was Berlin towards the close of the
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treatment. She suffered from depression, which she felt resulted from a disturbed relationship with her domineering mother. "She brought me up as a boy and as a child prodigy", Schwarzenbach recalled later of her mother. "She deliberately kept me alone, to keep me with her . But I could never escape
295:
to Spain to carry out a report on the
Pyrenees. Marianne was also fascinated by Schwarzenbach: "She was neither a man nor a woman," she wrote, "but an angel, an archangel" and made a portrait photograph of her. Later that year, Schwarzenbach travelled to Persia. After her return to Switzerland, she
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After the
Afghanistan trip, she travelled to the USA, where she again met her friends the Manns. With them, she worked with a committee for helping refugees from Europe. However, Erika soon decided to travel to London, which disappointed Schwarzenbach and she soon became disillusioned with her life
273:
Schwarzenbach's lifestyle ended with the Nazi takeover in 1933, when bohemian Berlin disappeared. Tensions with her family increased, as some members sympathised with the far-right Swiss Fronts, which favoured closer ties with Nazi
Germany. Her parents urged Schwarzenbach to renounce her friendship
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In 1937 and 1938, her photographs documented the rise of
Fascism in Europe. She visited Austria and Czechoslovakia. She took her first trip to the USA, where she accompanied her American friend, photographer Barbara Hamilton-Wright, by car along the East Coast, as far as Maine. They then travelled
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accompanied Klaus Mann to the Soviet
Writers Union Congress in Moscow. This was Klaus's most prolific and successful period as a writer. On her next trip abroad, she wrote to him suggesting their marrying, although she was a homosexual and he a bisexual. Nothing came of this proposal.
471:, she met up again with her husband, Claude Clarac, before returning to Switzerland. While back home, she started making new plans. She applied for a position as a correspondent for a Swiss newspaper in Lisbon. In August, her friend the actress Therese Giehse stayed with her at Sils.
205:
At her private school in Zurich she studied mainly German, history and music, neglecting the other subjects. She liked dancing and was a keen piano player, but her heart was set on becoming a writer. She studied in ZĂĽrich and Paris and earned her doctorate in history at the
938:"Grundton syrisch". Annemarie Schwarzenbachs "Vor Weihnachten" im Kontext ihrer orientalischen Reiseprosa." In: Wolfgang Klein, Walter Fähnders, Andrea Grewe (Hrsg.): "Dazwischen. Reisen – Metropolen – Avantgarden." Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2009 (Reisen Texte Metropolen 8),
261:
In 1932, Schwarzenbach planned a car trip to Persia with Klaus and Erika Mann and a childhood friend of the Manns, the artist Ricki
Hallgarten. The evening before the trip was due to start, on 5 May, Ricki, suffering from depression, shot himself in his house in
478:, she fell from her bicycle and sustained a serious head injury, and following a mistaken diagnosis in the clinic where she was treated, she died on 15 November. During her final illness, her mother permitted neither Claude Clarac, who had rushed to Sils from
314:, also a homosexual. They had known each other for only a few weeks, and it was a marriage of convenience for both of them, since she obtained a French diplomatic passport, which enabled her to travel without restrictions. They lived together for a while in
402:. In Kabul, they split up, Maillart despairing of ever weaning her friend away from her drug addiction. They met once more in 1940 as Schwarzenbach was boarding the ship to return her to Europe. The trip is described by Maillart in her book
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via
Marseille, nor her friends, to visit her in her sick bed. After Annemarie's death, her mother destroyed all her letters and diaries. A friend took care of her writings and photographs, which were later archived in the
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278:. This she could not do, since she was a committed anti-Fascist and her circle included Jews and political refugees from Germany. Instead, later on, she helped Klaus Mann finance an anti-Fascist literary review,
834:'Frühe Texte von Annemarie Schwarzenbach und ein unbekanntes Foto: Gespräch / Das Märchen von der gefangenen Prinzessin / "mit dem Knaben Michael." / Erik'. In: Gregor Ackermann, Walter Delabar (Hrsg.):
202:
From an early age, she began to dress and act like a boy, a behaviour not discouraged by her parents and that she retained all her life. In fact, in later life, she was often mistaken for a young man.
238:). She was fascinated by Erika's charm and self-confidence. A relationship developed, which much to Schwarzenbach's disappointment did not last long (Erika had her eye on another woman: the actress
288:
from
Germany by publishing their articles and short stories. The pressure she felt led her to attempt suicide, which caused a scandal among her family and their conservative circle in Switzerland.
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1300:
Shapland was an intern at the Harry Ransom Center, a writers' and artists' archive at the
University of Texas at Austin, when she discovered love letters written to McCullers from
157:. She would live much of her life abroad as a photo-journalist, embarking on many lesbian relationships, and experiencing a growing morphine addiction. In America, the young
406:(1947), which was dedicated to "Christina" (the name Maillart used for the late Annemarie in the book, maybe at the demand of her mother, Renée). It was made into a movie,
353:
into the Deep South and to the coal basins of the industrial regions around Pittsburgh. Her photographs documented the lives of the poor and downtrodden in these regions.
153:
Berlin society of the time, in which she indulged enthusiastically. Her anti-fascist campaigning forced her into exile, where she became close to the family of novelist
199:
and descended from German aristocracy, was a prominent hostess, Olympic equestrian sportswoman and amateur photographer. Her father tolerated her mother's bisexuality.
250:, drove fast cars and threw herself into the Berlin night-life. "She lived dangerously. She drank too much. She never went to sleep before dawn", recalled her friend
398:
They were in Kabul when World War II broke out. In Afghanistan, Schwarzenbach became ill with bronchitis and other ailments, but she still insisted on travelling to
383:
to India two years previously and had fond memories of the places encountered on that trip. They set off from Geneva in a small Ford car and travelled via Istanbul,
318:, but when they fled to an isolated area in the countryside to escape the summer heat, their lonely existence had an adverse effect on Schwarzenbach. She turned to
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992:
Alexandra Lavizzari, "Fast eine Liebe - Carson McCullers und Annemarie Schwarzenbach," edition Ebersbach & Simon, Berlin, 2017 (ISBN 978-3-86915-139-7
371:
In June 1939, in an effort to combat her drug addiction and escape from the hovering clouds of violence in Europe, she embarked on an overland trip to
291:
She took several trips abroad with Klaus Mann, to Italy, France and Scandinavia, in 1932 and 1933. Also in 1933, she travelled with the photographer
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In March 1941, Schwarzenbach arrived back in Switzerland, but she was soon on the move again. She travelled as an accredited journalist to the
38:
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in the USA. In the meantime, another complication had come into her life: in a hotel, she met the up-and-coming 23-year-old writer
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writer, journalist and photographer. Her bisexual mother brought her up in a masculine style, and her androgynous image suited the
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Walter Fähnders, In Venedig und anderswo. Annemarie Schwarzenbach und Ruth Landshoff-Yorck, In: Petra Josting / Walter Fähnders,
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in Oberengadin, which became a refuge for herself and her friends. Here she wrote what was to become her most successful book,
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She returned to Switzerland for a holiday, taking in Russia and the Balkans by car. She had been interested in the career of
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at the age of 23. She started writing while still a student. Shortly after completing her studies, she published her first
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429:
163:
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467:, was American). They liked each other personally, but Boveri was unimpressed by Schwarzenbach's work. In June 1942 in
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She is reported to have had affairs with the Turkish Ambassador's daughter, who was suffering from tuberculosis, in
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823:. Mit dem Erstdruck von "Marc". Ed. Sofie Decock, Walter Fähnders und Uta Schaffers. Chronos, Zürich 2012,
494:
Throughout much of the final decade of her life, she was addicted to morphine and was intermittently under
167:. Schwarzenbach reported on the early events of World War II, but died of a head injury, following a fall.
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and a female French archaeologist in Turkestan. These were among the many affairs she had over the years.
192:
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191:, where she grew up. Her father, Alfred, was a wealthy businessman in the silk industry. Her mother,
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971:"Ich schrieb. Und es war eine Seligkeit." Dichterbild und Autorenrolle bei Annemarie Schwarzenbach.
927:"Wirklich, ich lebe nur wenn ich schreibe." Zur Reiseprosa von Annemarie Schwarzenbach (1908–1942).
1471:
1316:
1455:
484:
1232:
322:, which she had been using for years for various ailments but to which she now became addicted.
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Mit einem Nachwort von Walter Fähnders. Golden Luft Verlag, Mainz 2022, ISBN 978-3-9822844-0-8.
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330:
207:
133:
115:
76:
952:
Neue Funde. Annemarie Schwarzenbachs Beiträge im Argentinischen Tageblatt (1933 bis 1941).
455:, where she spent some time but was prevented from taking up her position. In May 1942 in
8:
523:
887:
Annemarie Schwarzenbach. Analysen und Erstdrucke. Mit einer Schwarzenbach-Bibliographie.
743:'Georg Trakl. Erstdruck und Kommentar', hrsg. v. Walter Fähnders u. Andreas Tobler. In:
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Annemarie Schwarzenbach. Analysen und Erstdrucke. Mit einer Schwarzenbach-Bibliographie.
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Schwarzenbach wrote in German. Three of her works have been translated to English by
1283:"She Found Carson McCullers's Love Letters. They Taught Her Something About Herself"
519:
424:
247:
158:
872:
Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Das Leben zerfetzt sich mir in tausend StĂĽcke. Biographie
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765:
464:
243:
1414:"Annemarie Schwarzenbach—The Forgotten Woman—Activist, Writer & Style Icon"
460:
326:
251:
239:
356:
345:, which was not published until 1998, although a reworked version appeared as
1500:
1346:
The buoyancy of the craft: the writing and travels of Annemarie Schwarzenbach
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761:
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502:
Schwarzenbach is portrayed by Klaus Mann in two of his novels: as Johanna in
452:
376:
365:
270:. For Schwarzenbach, this was the first time she encountered death directly.
180:
916:
Briefe von Annemarie Schwarzenbach an Otto Kleiber aus den Jahren 1933–1942.
809:. Ed. Sofie Decock, Walter Fähnders, Uta Schaffers. Zürich: Chronos, 2011,
361:
280:
196:
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Der unbekannte Zwilling. Annemarie Schwarzenbach im Spiegel der Fotografie
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In 1935, she returned to Persia, where she married the French diplomat
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Das Leben zerfetzt sich mir in tausend StĂĽcke. Annemarie Schwarzenbach
479:
468:
547:
399:
255:
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1011:
Auf der Schwelle des Fremden. Das Leben der Annemarie Schwarzenbach
380:
319:
267:
901:"Laboratorium Vielseitigkeit". Zur Literatur der Weimarer Republik
335:
Lorenz Saladin: Ein Leben fĂĽr die Berge (A Life for the Mountains)
475:
416:
384:
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with the Manns and help with the reconstruction of Germany under
211:
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Eds. Walter Fähnders / Sabine Rohlf. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2005.
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Afrikanische Schriften. Reportagen – Lyrik – Autobiographisches
538:
456:
440:
315:
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184:
176:
88:
57:
387:, and Tehran, and in Afghanistan took the Northern route from
863:
L'Ange inconsolable. Une biographie d'Annemarie Schwarzenbach
392:
388:
285:
956:
Schreibende Frauen. Ein Schaubild im frĂĽhen 20. Jahrhundert.
488:
179:, Switzerland. When she was four, the family moved to the
1472:
Der Engel Zum 100. Geburtstag von Annemarie Schwarzenbach
1309:
1274:
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was infatuated with Schwarzenbach, to whom she dedicated
997:
Die Geborene. Renée Schwarzenbach-Wille und ihre Familie
975:
Kleiner Mann in Einbahnstrassen. Funde und Auslassungen.
796:. Ed. Walter Fähnders. Berlin: edition ebersbach, 2010.
782:. (Briefe von A. Schwarzenbach an Klaus und Erika Mann,
880:
Annemarie Schwarzenbach ou le mal d'Europe, Biographie.
836:
Kleiner Mann in Einbahnstrassen. Funde und Auslassungen
752:
Jahrbuch zur Kultur und Literatur der Weimarer Republik
546:
September 1933, a magazine for German exile-writers in
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1255:
16:
Swiss writer, journalist and photographer (1908–1942)
1304:, a Swiss heiress with whom McCullers had an affair.
1093:
258:
beauty fascinated and attracted both men and women.
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1256:Carr, Virginia Spencer; Tennessee Williams (2003).
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1224:
463:, who had been deported from the USA (her mother,
1443:Publications by and about Annemarie Schwarzenbach
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1146:
1144:
1142:
175:Annemarie Schwarzenbach was born in the city of
1452:Literature by and about Annemarie Schwarzenbach
1067:"Swiss writer's life was stranger than fiction"
931:Sprachkunst. Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft
903:, Aisthesis, Bielefeld, 2005, p. 227–252.
506:(1934) and as the Angel of the Dispossessed in
973:In: Gregor Ackermann, Walter Delabar (Hrsg.):
954:In: Gregor Ackermann, Walter Delabar (Hrsg.):
768:, new edition Scheidegger & Spiess, 2003,
1190:
1139:
780:Wir werden es schon zuwege bringen, das Leben
1260:. University of Georgia Press. p. 105.
214:
1064:
1434:Literary estate of Annemarie Schwarzenbach
1150:
999:, Scheidegger & Spiess, Zurich, 2004.
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31:
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861:Grente, Dominique; Nicole MĂĽller (1989).
1349:(1st ed.). UK: diehard literature.
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1013:, Collection Rolf Heyne, MĂĽnchen, 2008.
537:
435:
355:
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1412:Robertson, Julia Diana (25 July 2017).
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794:Orientreisen. Reportagen aus der Fremde
145:(23 May 1908 – 15 November 1942) was a
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979:JUNI. Magazin fĂĽr Literatur und Kultur
874:(in German). Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
838:. Aisthesis, Bielefeld: 2017 (= JUNI.
1342:
1169:
1114:
933:38, Wien 2007, 1. Halbband, S. 27–54.
606:(original cover and illustrations by
347:Das glĂĽckliche Tal (The Happy Valley)
1488:by and about Annemarie Schwarzenbach
1249:
1227:Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing
1094:Alexis Schwarzenbach (15 May 2008).
1084:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1027:, Brinkmann und Bose, Berlin, 2008.
936:Walter Fähnders, Helga Karrenbrock:
914:Walter Fähnders und Andreas Tobler:
889:Aistheisis Verlag, Bielefeld, 2005.
379:. Maillart had "lorry-hopped" from
195:, the daughter of the Swiss general
1637:Road incident deaths in Switzerland
1445:in the catalogue Helveticat of the
1216:
1202:Swiss Institute of Contemporary Art
745:Mitteilungen aus dem Brenner-Archiv
143:Annemarie Minna Renée Schwarzenbach
51:Annemarie Minna Renée Schwarzenbach
13:
1405:
1281:O’Grady, Megan (4 February 2020).
1125:(in German). Rowohlt. p. 64.
1038:Die vierzig Säulen der Erinnerung.
364:driver's licence, with stamp from
14:
1658:
1478:Photos of Annemarie Schwarzenbach
1427:
1198:"Annemarie Schwarzenbach: A Life"
1051:
865:(in French). France: Lieu Commun.
595:, 1933 (new edition Lenos, 1993,
581:(new edition Huber Verlag, 2001,
1632:20th-century women photographers
1547:20th-century Swiss photographers
969:Walter Fähnders, Uta Schaffers:
885:Walter Fähnders / Sabine Rohlf,
840:Magazin fĂĽr Literatur und Kultur
513:
459:, she met the German journalist
343:Tod in Persien (Death in Persia)
125:writer, journalist, photographer
1463:Annemarie Schwarzenbach: A Life
1461:Barbara Lorey de Lacharrière. "
1336:
854:
226:In 1930, she made contact with
1642:20th-century Swiss LGBT people
1587:20th-century Swiss journalists
1379:"Auf der Schwelle des Fremden"
1302:Annemarie Clarac-Schwarzenbach
533:
522:from Schwarzenbach are at the
1:
1044:
528:University of Texas at Austin
1592:20th-century Swiss novelists
1567:Cycling road incident deaths
1155:(in German). Campus Verlag.
223:), which was well received.
7:
1617:20th-century travel writers
1322:University of Chicago Press
1223:Griffin, Gabrielle (2002).
977:Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2017 (
958:Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2011,
920:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Germanistik
807:Das Wunder des Baums. Roman
561:; see the bibliography in:
559:University of Chicago Press
557:and are distributed by the
474:On 7 September 1942 in the
430:Reflections in a Golden Eye
164:Reflections in a Golden Eye
10:
1663:
1582:20th-century women writers
1492:National Library of Israel
1483:Annemarie Schwarzenbach.eu
1151:Georgiadou, Areti (1996).
870:Georgiadou, Areti (1995).
732:(new edition Lenos, 2002,
718:(new edition Lenos, 2000,
704:(new edition Lenos, 1999,
690:(new edition Lenos, 1995,
660:(new edition Lenos, 2003,
646:(new edition Lenos, 1998,
632:(new edition Lenos, 1992,
618:(new edition Lenos, 1989,
284:, which helped writers in
1577:Swiss women photographers
1317:"Annemarie Schwarzenbach"
1096:"Dieses bittere Jungsein"
1065:Leybold-Johnson, Isobel.
608:Jack von Reppert-Bismarck
409:The Journey to Kafiristan
193:Renée Schwarzenbach-Wille
129:
121:
111:
103:
95:
83:
65:
46:
30:
23:
750:'Pariser Novelle' . In:
518:Love letters written to
107:Annemarie Clarac / Clark
99:Swiss, after 1935 French
37:Schwarzenbach (photo by
1627:Swiss writers in German
1597:Swiss women journalists
1522:Swiss LGBTQ journalists
1456:German National Library
1377:Schwarzenbach, Alexis.
1343:Smith, Morelle (2021).
485:Swiss Literary Archives
170:
25:Annemarie Schwarzenbach
1490:in the catalog of the
1447:Swiss National Library
1438:Swiss National Library
1009:Alexis Schwarzenbach,
995:Alexis Schwarzenbach,
674:(Seagull Books, 2013,
550:
444:
368:
307:
215:
1557:Swiss women novelists
1537:Lesbian photographers
1527:Swiss lesbian writers
1517:Swiss LGBTQ novelists
1476:Marianne Breslauer.
1383:Collection Rolf Heyne
1231:. Routledge. p.
1121:Naumann, Uwe (1984).
730:Winter in Vorderasien
688:Auf der Schattenseite
630:Jenseits von New York
541:
510:(The Volcano, 1939).
439:
375:with the ethnologist
359:
312:Achille-Claude Clarac
302:
234:(daughter and son of
1647:Schwarzenbach family
1622:Women travel writers
1607:Swiss travel writers
1436:, HelveticArchives,
1186:. London: Heinemann.
882:Payout, Paris, 2004.
878:Miermont Dominique,
716:Alle Wege sind offen
504:Flucht in den Norden
337:, with a preface by
208:University of Zurich
134:Alexis Schwarzenbach
116:University of Zurich
77:Sils im Engadin/Segl
1602:Swiss LGBTQ artists
1562:Writers from ZĂĽrich
1532:Lesbian journalists
922:2/2006, S. 366–374.
644:Freunde um Bernhard
524:Harry Ransom Center
216:Freunde um Bernhard
1612:People from Horgen
1389:on 6 December 2008
1288:The New York Times
1023:Bettina Augustin,
758:Unsterbliches Blau
754:8, 2003, S. 11–35.
680:978-0-8574-2-089-3
579:Das glĂĽckliche Tal
551:
445:
369:
308:
293:Marianne Breslauer
1552:Swiss journalists
1542:Lesbian novelists
1356:978-1-913106-57-7
1258:The Lonely Hunter
1033:978-3-940048-03-5
1019:978-3-89910-368-7
987:978-3-8498-1225-6
964:978-3-89528-857-9
950:Walter Fähnders:
944:978-3-89528-731-2
925:Walter Fähnders:
848:978-3-8498-1225-6
829:978-3-0340-1141-9
815:978-3-0340-1063-4
802:978-3-86915-019-2
747:23/2004, S. 47–81
341:. She also wrote
221:Bernhard's Circle
140:
139:
87:Friedhof Horgen,
1654:
1572:Female travelers
1423:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1385:. Archived from
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1071:SWI swissinfo.ch
1062:
981:. Heft 53/54).,
875:
866:
842:. Heft 53/54),
702:Flucht nach oben
616:Bei diesem Regen
593:Lyrische Novelle
520:Carson McCullers
465:Marcella O'Grady
425:Carson McCullers
360:Schwarzenbach's
218:
159:Carson McCullers
104:Other names
72:
69:15 November 1942
35:
21:
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197:Ulrich Wille
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71:(1942-11-15)
39:Anita Forrer
18:
1512:1942 deaths
1507:1908 births
1465:" from the
1102:(in German)
760:(gemeinsam
534:Major works
496:psychiatric
449:Free French
412:, in 2001.
373:Afghanistan
305:Switzerland
256:androgynous
236:Thomas Mann
189:Lake Zurich
155:Thomas Mann
96:Nationality
54:23 May 1908
1501:Categories
1123:Klaus Mann
1045:References
508:Der Vulkan
443:, Portugal
339:Sven Hedin
232:Klaus Mann
1458:catalogue
1208:17 August
1106:10 August
548:Amsterdam
400:Turkestan
349:in 1940.
130:Relatives
112:Education
1419:HuffPost
1393:9 August
1362:30 April
1328:9 August
1294:8 August
1182:(1947).
1100:Die Zeit
381:Istanbul
320:morphine
268:Ammersee
151:bohemian
1454:in the
1076:22 June
682:English
526:at the
480:TĂ©touan
476:Engadin
469:TĂ©touan
451:in the
385:Trabzon
362:Persian
266:on the
248:Westend
212:novella
187:, near
41:, 1938)
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542:Cover
457:Lisbon
441:Lisbon
417:Tehran
316:Tehran
276:Hitler
264:Utting
254:. Her
185:Horgen
177:Zurich
89:Horgen
58:Zurich
393:Kabul
389:Herat
286:exile
228:Erika
147:Swiss
1395:2022
1364:2021
1351:ISBN
1330:2022
1296:2022
1262:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1210:2007
1157:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1108:2008
1078:2017
1029:ISBN
1015:ISBN
1001:ISBN
983:ISBN
960:ISBN
940:ISBN
929:In:
918:In:
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634:ISBN
620:ISBN
597:ISBN
583:ISBN
570:ISBN
489:Bern
331:Sils
230:and
171:Life
66:Died
47:Born
1233:125
487:in
391:to
183:in
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