Anglophone Crisis - Knowledge

1573:. The IG and the AGovC declared their willingness to have their armed groups follow suit, but conditioned it on international monitoring and Cameroonian troops being confined to their bases. The same day as SOCADEF's unilateral ceasefire went into effect and, coincidentally, the same day as the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in the Anglophone regions, President Sako declared the shutting of Ambazonia's borders and restriction of movement and public gatherings in order to limit the spreading of the virus, effective from 1 April. However, the danger posed by COVID-19 did not bring about an immediate end of hostilities on the ground; just the day before Sako's declaration, separatists attacked an armored car, killing a soldier and 11 officials, including two deputy mayors. On 8 April, responding to claims by the Cameroonian government that the war was nearing an end, separatists attacked military bases and destroyed infrastructure in villages all across the Anglophone regions. While SOCADEF extended its unilateral ceasefire, separatists carried out coordinated attacks on several villages, assassinated members of a traditional council and abducted three government officials. Towards the end of the month, Cameroon initiated 1753:

another five were wounded in a separatist ambush in Kumbo with IEDs followed by gunfire. Following the incident, soldiers went on a shooting spree while searching for the attackers. In Bui, Cameroon launched "Operation Bui 1", which resulted in the deaths of 12 separatists and two Cameroonian soldiers; days later, a separatist militia known as the Bui Warriors launched a series of IED attacks against Cameroonian soldiers in Bui, followed by an attack on a prison. The Bui Warriors claimed to have killed at least five soldiers with the IED attacks alone. Three BIR soldiers were wounded when their vehicle struck an IED between Kumbo and Ndop on 10 April. The Red Dragon militia successfully ambushed a military vehicle in Alou with an IED on 24 April, while the Seven Karta militia carried out a similar IED attack in Bafut. On 29 April, the "Bambalang Marine Forces" carried out a cross-border raid into Ngalim, West Region, killing four soldiers and taking off with several weapons, suffering no losses on their own. A month later, the same militia killed five soldiers in an attack on an outpost in Bui, two weeks into a separatist offensive against Cameroon in the area.

2201:), launched by diaspora activists to purchase guns for the separatist militias. This began to yield visible results in the first half of 2019. From being severely outgunned in the fall of 2018, by the summer of 2019 the separatists had become well-armed. They also declared that they had started producing their own weapons within Southern Cameroons, a declaration followed shortly by an explosion in Mamfe that killed four policemen. By November 2020, the separatists' manufacturing of weapons within the Anglophone regions had become a serious problem for Cameroon. IEDs in particular proved effective for the separatists, and their frequent use, either alone or as part of ambushes, started to cause heavy Cameroonian casualties from the beginning of 2021. Cameroon only has a limited number of mine-protected armored vehicles, and IED attacks have been getting increasingly sophisticated (including remote detonation). This has caused severe loss of morale among Cameroonian soldiers. In addition, some Ambazonian militias began partnering with 2154:

2,000 of whom would go to the BIR. In addition to expanding the army, the government has supported local vigilante groups, of which there were more than thirty as of October 2019. The government has also set up rehab centers in Bamenda and Buea to reintegrate separatists who have surrendered into civil society. With no military victory in sight, the Cameroonian Army has sought to at least contain the conflict to rural areas. As of late-2018, the Cameroonian Army aimed to control all urban areas as well as strategic points on the countryside, and did not seek to recapture the entire Anglophone regions. In some cases, this has involved a mutual tacit understanding on who controls certain areas; separatist and military checkpoints are sometimes in close proximity of each other, without either side attacking. Cameroon's strategy of prioritizing urban areas began to yield results during the first half of 2020; by June, the separatists had been largely pushed out of Buea.

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a mandatory subject. As of July 2019, close to 6,000 schools had shut down across the Anglophone regions, affecting more than 600,000 children. Separatists began opening their own schools in September 2019, but these were insufficient to cover the educational needs in the areas they controlled. In September 2020, prominent separatists Mark Bareta and Eric Tataw called for an end to the school boycott. However, this was rejected by Julius Ayuk Tabe, Samuel Ikome Sako and Ayaba Cho Lucas, all of whom insisted that a ceasefire had to precede school resumption. Attacks on schools have cost the separatists some loss of support among locals who had used to sympathize with their cause. In September 2021, the Ambazonia Defence Forces gave instructions for schools to reopen.

1177:, there were clashes all over Southern Cameroons with both sides blaming the other; the Cameroonian government claimed that separatists moved to prevent what they considered a foreign election to take place in the Anglophone regions, while the separatists blamed the government for instigating the violence. This resulted in a very low turnout, as "more than 90 percent of residents" fled violence in some localities; and in many cases no officials showed up to man the polling stations. In Bamenda, at least 20 separatist fighters moved around openly to prevent people from voting. Two separatists were killed by government troops while attacking a polling station. Following the election, two people from Kumba were murdered for having voted. On 17 October, 2314: 1473:, a political dialogue that would be held before the end of the month. While separatists were quick to reject the initiative, citing the recent life sentences handed to the separatist leaders, opposition parties in Cameroon showed interest in the initiative and started submitting proposals. Meanwhile, the war continued; on 20 September, separatist fighters launched a failed attack on a hotel in Bamenda where several government officials were staying. While the Major National Dialogue was happening, a significant number of Anglophones celebrated Ambazonia's third independence day on 1 October. Nine people were killed in clashes all across the Anglophone regions that day, while "Field Marshall" Lekeaka Oliver of the 2387: 944: 1664:

Cameroonian military claimed that Cameroon was close to winning the war. Other sources claimed that neither side was winning, and that internal discontent was forcing Cameroon towards a ceasefire. International calls for a global ceasefire to deal with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic also put pressure on the Cameroonian government. On 2 July, Cameroonian officials met with the imprisoned leaders of the IG to discuss a ceasefire. Ayuk Tabe listed three conditions for a ceasefire; that it would be announced by President Biya, that the Cameroonian military would pull out of the Anglophone regions, and a general amnesty for separatists. According to an article published in

2142: 1104: 981:. On 1 December, the Cameroonian government ordered the evacuation of 16 villages in Manyu ahead of a military offensive, and on 4 December it formally declared war on the separatists. The Cameroonian Army moved into Manyu, retaking two villages on 7 December and securing Mamfe by 15 December, partly with elite troops. During the offensive, the ADF carried out guerrilla attacks on the Cameroonian Army, killing at least seven soldiers throughout December. On 18 December, the Cameroonian Army began to destroy dozens of civilian homes in retaliation, and killed several civilians. The December offensive also saw occasional spillover across the Nigerian border. 156: 1322:

fighters. In Mbengwi, two separatists died while attacking the Divisional Office there. As a result of the lockdown, Youth Day celebrations had negligible turnout in Southern Cameroons. In Bamenda, the Governor of Northwest Region, Adolph Lele l'Afrique, was escorted by soldiers to attend a small celebration. The military escort came under fire while driving to the ceremony, possibly resulting in casualties. The celebrations were boycotted in most major cities in the Anglophone regions, including Buea, Kumbo, Belo, Ndop, Ndu, Wum, Muyuka, Mamfe, Tombem, Mundemba and Lebialem, while there was a comparatively significant turnout in Nkambe.

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separatists have a leverage over the army when it comes to familiarity with the battleground; "They know the terrain. These are youths from local villages. We try to seek them out but we can't find them. Our men aren't familiar with the forest." Cameroonian authorities have admitted that they have little control over the security situation outside the cities. Journalist Emmanuel Freudenthal, who spent a week with ADF rebels in 2018, stated that the separatists controlled much of the countryside because the infrastructure in Southern Cameroons is so poorly developed, making it hard for the Cameroonian government to access those areas.

2158: 1707:, Lebialem. Two days later, it was revealed that Cameroonian forces had killed "General Ayeke", commander of the "Gorilla Fighters" militia, in Besali, Wabane, Lebialem. Some 13 hostages were freed from the separatist camp, which was subsequently destroyed. One Cameroonian soldier was killed during the same incident, and the operation was described as "bloody", although the other separatist fighters at the base were reported to have escaped. The corpse of "General Ayeke" was flown to Kumba where it was publicly displayed. In total, three Cameroonian soldiers and at least 12 separatists died during the three-day offensive. 2105:), and abducted some 30 people including traditional leader Chief Francis Ogweshi. Two days later, Nigerian troops attempted a rescue mission in the jungle, during which an Ambazonian fighter was killed. The Ambazonians responded by killing the chief, whose corpse was discovered three days later. Ambazonian forces carried out subsequent attacks in Belegete, where they burned houses and attacked civilians with guns and cutlasses. Nigerian forces were later deployed to oust the Ambazonians, but they were unable to reach Belegete with a sizeable force due to the topography and the poor infrastructure, and camped at the 1535:

government to prevent a repeat of the debacle surrounding the 2018 presidential election ultimately failed, as the turnout in the Anglophone regions was very low. The Ambazonians, who claimed that 98 percent of the population boycotted the election, hailed this as a great victory. The results in 11 constituencies were later nullified due to separatist activities, triggering a partial re-election in March. The results were largely the same, with a marginal turnout and clashes taking place throughout the day. Less than a week after the February election, Cameroonian soldiers and armed Fulani carried out the

1581: 1764:. According to ADF deputy defense chief Daniel Caapo, this would entail joint military operations, joint training bases, and an effort to seize the mutual border and ensure a free flow of weapons and personnel. The ADF offered to train IPOB militants at camps in Ambazonian-controlled territory. Ayaba Cho Lucas also proposed an alliance with democratic forces within Cameroon, suggesting that Ambazonia should help overthrow Paul Biya. The AGovC-IPOB alliance was denounced by the Interim Government of Ambazonia as well as by other Biafran separatist groups. 1350: 1496:, and within a week they abducted some 40 politicians, including two mayors and at least 19 councilors. A separatist attack on a civilian truck with a military escort left some three civilians dead on 19 December. Cameroon also launched a series of operations in Mezam, Boyo, Donga Mantung, Bui, Ngo Ketunjia and Boyo that would, over six days, force around 5,500 people to flee their homes. In their respective New Year speeches on 31 December, President Paul Biya of Cameroon and Samuel Ikome Sako of Ambazonia both promised to intensify the war in 2020. 2410:

three months. Due to the lack of teachers, burned schools and the unsafe feeling of going to school, many Anglophones lost years of school. With the crisis boiling came the rise of separatists who committed inhumane acts. The separatists in Cameroon are "fighting to create an independent Anglophone state of "Ambazonia" since 2016". Armed separatist groups are kidnapping, terrorizing, and killing civilians across the English-speaking regions with no apparent fear of being held to account by either their own leaders or Cameroonian law enforcement".

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SCNC. In October 1999, when many of the accused were found guilty in the 1997 trial, the faction led by Mukete became more assertive. On 1 October 1999, militants took over Radio Buea to proclaim the independence of Southern Cameroons, but failed to do so before security forces intervened. The leadership and many members of the SCNC were subsequently arrested. After clashes with the police, the SCNC was officially declared illegal by the Cameroonian authorities in 2001. In 2006, a faction of SCNC once again declared the independence of Ambazonia.

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24 May, the Cameroonian Army claimed to have killed separatist commander "General Akwaba" and an unspecified number of fighters in a raid on their camp in Kumbo. The next day, five Cameroonian soldiers, including a brigade commander, were killed when separatist militia the Bambalang Marine Forces attacked an army outpost in Noni in Bui. The separatists also seized weapons and equipment. In Ekona, the Fako Mountain Lions carried out three IED attacks against the Cameroonian army, and three civilians were killed in the subsequent gunfights. In

1192:, near Bamenda. All 79 students were released without ransom three days later. The Ambazonia Self-Defence Council claimed that they not only had nothing to do with the kidnappings, but had also sent its own fighters to try to locate the children. November also saw several major confrontations. On 11 November, according to the separatists, 13 Cameroonian soldiers and two separatists were killed when separatists carried out a successful ambush. The next day, Cameroonian soldiers ambushed and killed at least 13 suspected separatists in 1668:"The two rounds of "pre-talks" – the last reportedly on 2 July – have been held outside the Kondengui Central Prison where Sisiku is being held and are seen as "confidence-building" steps." These talks were condemned by other factions of the Ambazonia independence movement, who argued that Ayuk Tabe had been corrupted by the Cameroonian government. Around the same time, separatists imposed a three-day lockdown in response to Cameroonian plans to begin rebuilding the Anglophone regions with the support of the 1650:, raising suspicions that the separatists were now taking the war to Cameroon's capital; the Cameroonian police had warned about this back in January. Another explosion in the beginning of July wounded two people. Following the explosions, security forces started raiding houses in neighborhoods where displaced Anglophones were living. In the following days, many Anglophones accused the authorities of abuses. In early July, Cameroon launched "Operation Ngoke-Bui", a series of raids on separatist camps in 2439: 2424:

production had fallen 80 percent. The NGO suggested that companies make deals with the separatists in order to safeguard their facilities. By 2019, annual tax revenues in the Anglophone regions had dropped from US$ 800,000 to US$ 1,000, and by 2020 almost all tax officials had fled their crossing posts on the Nigerian border. The separatists aim to prevent the Cameroonian state from getting any income from the Anglophone regions, in order to make cost of controlling the region surpass the benefits.

2181:. According to the ADF, as of June 2018 there were 1,500 soldiers in the ADF, spread across 20 camps throughout Southern Cameroons. In May 2019, independent sources measured the total number of separatist fighters to be between 2,000 and 4,000, a figure that included numerous ex-soldiers and ex-policemen, a significant number of female combatants, and dozens of Nigerian mercenaries. The Nigerians among the rebels mostly consisted of criminals and ex-insurgents who had previously taken part in the 793:(SCNC) as the executive governing body. Younger activists formed the Southern Cameroons Youth League (SCYL) in Buea on 28 May 1995. The SCNC sent a delegation, led by John Foncha, to the United Nations, which was received on 1 June 1995 and presented a petition against the 'annexation' of the Southern Cameroons by French Cameroon. This was followed by a signature referendum the same year, which the organisers claim produced a 99% vote in favour of independence with 315,000 people voting. 1977:, and another 18 were said to have been captured. The Cameroonian Army said that eleven of its forces were injured during the operation, while the ADF claimed to have killed "at least two dozen" soldiers. Local eyewitnesses reported losses on both sides, as well as civilian deaths. The ADF confirmed the death of eleven of their men, and said that they had cancelled an offensive in Bamenda involving 300 fighters due to the losses. In Bwabwa, six civilians were abducted by separatists. 702: 1577:, a series of raids in and around Bafut that aimed at completely rooting out separatist presence in the area. On 1 May, Cameroon announced the deaths of two separatist commanders known as General Alhaji and General Peace Plant; separatists confirmed the loss. There were also civilian casualties; one person was killed by soldiers on the first day of the operation. Local villagers claimed that 13 civilians were killed in the fighting; this was denied by the Cameroonian Army. 1458:, the second attack there since March. On 14 August, in an effort to sabotage the new school year, separatist militias announced that region-wide lockdowns would be enforced on 2–6 September and 9–13, covering the first two weeks of the academic year. On 15 August, at least seven soldiers from the BIR were injured when their vehicle skidded off the road in Kumba; while separatists claimed responsibility for the incident, the army claimed it was simply a road accident. 1627:. An unspecified number of soldiers were also wounded in the ambush. The next day, it was reported that Pidgin journalist Samuel Wazizi, who had been arrested on 3 August 2019 over alleged ties with separatists, had died at a military hospital after being tortured by Cameroonian soldiers. Cameroonian authorities confirmed Wazizi's death three days after the initial reports, reiterated the original accusation against Wazizi, and attributed his death to "severe 1679:, Lebialem. 25 of them were released the next day, and the rest were released on 15 July. At least some of the civilians paid ransom to secure their release. One anonymous hostage said that they had been maltreated. Between 13 and 19 July, the Cameroonian Army carried out raids in Awing and Pinyin, killing at least 15 separatist fighters, including a general known as "General Okoro". Another separatist general, "Bush General", was taken prisoner. 2134: 1523:

January, after failing to listen to demands from fellow separatists not to terrorize civilians, separatist commander "General Divine" was assassinated by his own men. Following instances of popular uprisings against the separatists in Balikumbat and Babungo, the ADF ordered its fighters to take action against anyone caught terrorizing civilians. January also saw what was possibly the most serious instance of separatist infighting to date; the

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whom were subjected to torture, and there were speculations that some had been killed during the riots. The IG demanded that the Cameroonian government account for the missing inmates, threatening to impose a lockdown encompassing the entire Anglophone regions if it failed to do so. The lockdown started on 29 July. Midnight to 31 July, the ten detained members of the IG, including Ayuk Tabe, went on a hunger strike over the missing convicts.

1492:. No one was wounded in the attack, although several bullets penetrated into the cabin. This incident was the first of its kind, and possibly indicated that the separatists would take on larger government targets. The AGovC announced that the airline in question often transported soldiers, and that they thus considered their aircraft to be legitimate targets. The separatists also started their campaign to sabotage the upcoming 1608:. Separatists had already announced a lockdown from 19 to 21 May, and fighters patrolled public places during the holiday to enforce the lockdown. According to the Cameroonian military, six people were killed in clashes in the preceding week. Separatists claimed to have abducted nine or more people who had watched the celebrations on TV. In Bamenda, the Cameroonian Army claimed to have discovered and disarmed several 1686:. A local separatist leader identified those killed as rogue separatists. On 19 August, it was reported that more than 130 ex-separatist fighters had escaped from re-integration centers. According to local newspapers, a number had re-joined the separatist ranks. Taking steps to stop the separatists from producing their own weapons, the authorities banned the sale of machetes and iron rods in the Anglophone regions. 2052:, separatists blocked roads and carried out a string of lethal attacks against military vehicles. Battles were recorded in Tadu, Bamenda, Ndop, Wum, Jakiri, Oku, Bambili, Sabga, Mamfe, Menji and Tiko. The Cameroonian Army said that two dozen separatists had been killed, while acknowledging the loss of several military vehicles. The SDF said that the clashes had made it impossible for its candidates to campaign. 955:(SCACUF), an umbrella movement consisting of several independence movements, unilaterally declared the independence of Ambazonia. This declaration was followed by mass demonstrations across the Anglophone regions. The separatists strategically chose this date, as it is the anniversary for the unification of Cameroon and Southern Cameroons. SCACUF would later transform itself into the 1950:. More than a hundred fighters participated in the attack, and they arrived in flying boats with the engines shut off in order not to make noise. The separatists then blew up the checkpoint with grenades, and used a rocket launcher to destroy army vehicles. Cameroonian Army reinforcements failed to arrive before the separatists had already withdrawn back across the river. 713:, allowing native authorities to administer the population according to their own traditions. In 1953, the Southern Cameroons delegation at a conference in London asked for a separate region. The British agreed, and Southern Cameroons became an autonomous region with its capital still at Buea. Elections were held in 1954 and the parliament met on 1 October 1954, with 2338:

times within the same time frame, and were responsible for 13 civilian deaths. Separatists have also been accused of using schools and churches as military barracks; in July 2019, Cameroon accused the separatists of occupying more than 50 schools. The Ambazonian forces have also engaged in widespread extortion of the civilian population in the Anglophone regions.

2041:(IEDs). The Cameroonian military said that several civilians were killed or abducted, while some military vehicles were also destroyed. Ambazonia Restoration Forces commander Sagon Jaguar said in a video that his forces had destroyed five military vehicles in Bamessing using IEDs. On February 25, nineteen athletes were wounded in multiple explosions during the 1411:. Three soldiers managed to escape, two were rescued, one was found dead after five days, and seven remain unaccounted for. The Cameroonian Army declared that they knew which base the attackers had come from, and that an operation would be launched to destroy it. On 8 July, at least two gendarmes were killed and several more were wounded in an ambush in 2263:

respected "ghost towns" declared by the separatists. The government has fired and replaced local administrators who fled from the region, despite their fears of kidnappings. In order to fight the separatist school boycott, according to local sources in Ndop, Cameroonian soldiers have forced children to attend school, often through violence and threats.

1969:. Cameroonian forces were able to retrieve the body three days later. According to the Cameroonian government, Oliver and one of his guards had been killed in a Cameroonian raid. Separatists claimed that Oliver had been killed by an insider during separatist infighting; his assassin had revealed the location of the body to Cameroonian forces. 1935:

army said that it had killed ten separatists and captured three. The ADF denied suffering any casualties, and said that the fighters had released the hostages in order to escape in time. The ADF also alleged that the Cameroonian Army had abused civilians during their search for the senator. In Kumbo, Cameroonian soldiers killed five people.

1635:. In mid-June, the Cameroonian Army launched two separate operations that killed a total of 24 separatists over four days; 11 in Mbokam, and 13 in Bali, Batibo and Widikum. Cameroon claimed to have suffered one dead and one wounded during the battles. During the four days of fighting, the Cameroonian Army lifted a blockade of the Bamenda- 728:, and as a result was not listed. In the plebiscite, 60% of voters in the Northern Cameroons voted for union with Nigeria, while 70% of voters in the Southern Cameroons opted for union with Cameroon. The results owed partly to a fear of domination by much larger Nigeria. Endeley was defeated in elections on 1 February 1959 by 1185:'s house in Bamenda was set on fire by armed men. On 23 October, the Cameroonian Army launched simultaneous attacks on seven or more separatist camps in the Northwest Region, initiating battles that continued for more than 24 hours. At least 30 separatists were killed, as well as an unknown number of Cameroonian soldiers. 2482:(MRC), also blame the government for failing to solve the Anglophone Crisis. On 26 January 2019, supporters of the MRC invaded the Cameroonian embassy in Paris, citing – among other reasons – the Anglophone Crisis. In May 2019, the MRC joined the SDF in boycotting National Day celebrations. In August 2020, MRC leader 1254:

announced that a Mobile Wing Police would be created to capture territory and defeat government militias. He also condemned anyone engaged in kidnappings of civilians, and promised to fight back against anyone involved in such practices. The same night, separatist fighters attacked the convoy of the Governor of the

1481:. October also saw the public surrender of Ambazonian general Ekeom Polycarp, who was subsequently assassinated by other separatists. The separatists also started opening "community schools" across the Anglophone regions, providing an alternative to the government-run schools which they had boycotted for years. 2409:

It is clear that Anglophones and Francophones have experienced the crisis differently. Anglophones lost their family and friends in some of the riots. Some of them were severely beaten and many of them were arrested during the protests. The government cut the internet on the Anglophone side for about

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had been able to document 385 civilian deaths in Kumbo alone within the past seven months. In September 2019, independent sources stated that the conflict had claimed the lives of around 3,000 people, counting both combatants and civilians. By February 2020, between 800 and 1,000 Cameroonian soldiers

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The war intensified in early 2019. By June, Cameroonian military and police casualties were estimated to be around 500 dead. The separatists had lost around 1,000 fighters. While civilian casualties are hard to determine, in May 2019 they were estimated by independent sources to be around 650 killed,

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At the end of 2017, the separatists declared a school boycott, and have attacked and burnt down schools that refused to shut down. Between February 2017 and May 2018, at least 42 schools were targeted. Some separatists consider schools to be legitimate targets because the French language is taught as

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In an end-of-year speech, Samuel Ikome Sako of the Interim Government of Ambazonia declared that an All Ambazonia Constitutional Draft Conference would be held during 2021, and that Northeast and Southwest Region would be reorganized into Equatorial Zone, Midland Zone and Savanna Zone. Sako also said

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On 1 March, Cameroonian soldiers raped 20 women, killed one man, and burned and plundered houses in Ebam, Southwest Region. 36 people were taken to a military camp, where many were subjected to severe beating and torture. One person later died in captivity. The others were released between 4–6 March,

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took part in staging a protest against the prison conditions. The protest escalated into a riot, which was eventually quelled violently. A similar protest and crackdown took place at Buea Central Prison a few days later. More than 100 inmates were moved to undisclosed locations for detention, some of

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In June, the separatists announced that they had started producing their own weapons in the warzone. Shortly afterwards, a mine killed four policemen and wounded another six, convincing many that the separatists were no longer outgunned, but indeed well-armed. The same month, it was revealed that the

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in Kumbo by separatists, but was released the same day. Fru Ndi had travelled to Kumbo to attend the funeral of Joseph Banadzem, the Parliamentary group leader of the SDF. Local separatist fighters had consented to the funeral taking place, provided that no Francophone Cameroonians attended it. On 30

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killed at least 15 separatists. The separatists also had their successes; On 9 September 50 or more separatists successfully carried out three coordinated attacks on multiple targets in Oku, burning down the police station, destroying the Assistant Division Officer's belongings, stealing a police van

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The Cameroonian government deployed security forces to crack down the protests. Protesters were attacked with tear gas, and protesters and lawyers were allegedly assaulted by soldiers. Throughout November 2016, thousands of teachers in the Anglophone regions joined the lawyers' strike. All schools in

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In June 2019, Switzerland announced that both the Cameroonian government and the separatists had asked it to act as a mediator, and that negotiations would take place. This was the first known case of talks between the two warring sides, and was met with international endorsement. However, the talks

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In 2019, the President of Cameroon initiated a 5-day dialogue between both parties. However, the dialogue was unsuccessful for different reasons. One of them being that separatists invited to the conversation were either in prison or were scared of being arrested by the government. "Their fears were

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reported that the war had caused a 70 percent increase in unemployment in the agricultural sector. The palm oil and cocoa sectors in Southwest Region had taken a severe blow, with state-owned company Pamol abandoning plantations in some areas. The private company Telcar Cocoa reported that the cocoa

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Between September 2017 and February 2018, Cameroon claimed to have lost 22 soldiers and policemen in the conflict. By May, at least 44 soldiers and policemen had been killed. In June 2018, the official figure rose to 84 dead. Within two weeks in the later half of June, the official figure went up to

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On 4 December, separatist forces started enforcing a four-day lockdown aimed at disrupting the 6 December regional election. Throughout election day, there were clashes in Bamenda. A number of people were shot, and one CPDM Councilor was killed after getting caught in the crossfire during a shootout

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1 October marked the three-year anniversary of Ambazonia's declaration of independence. To commemorate the occasion, separatist fighters raised flags in several areas in the Anglophone regions, including in Buea. Celebrations were also held in Lebialem. Anglophone refugees in Nigeria also celebrated

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by the Yaoundé Military Tribunal. This was followed by a military escalation and a series of lockdowns, crushing hopes that the school year could start as normal in early September. Within a week, violence and uncertainty had triggered tens of thousands of people to flee from the Anglophone regions.

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by government soldiers, who then set their corpses on fire. With no trace of bullet wounds on any of the bodies, unconfirmed reports alleged the use of chemicals by the soldiers. On 28 November, separatists blocked the Buea-Kumba Highway. The month also saw the first major spillover into other parts

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Starting as a low-scale insurgency, the conflict spread to most parts of the Anglophone regions within a year. By the summer of 2019, the government controlled the major cities and parts of the countryside, while the Ambazonian nationalists held parts of the countryside and regularly appeared in the

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In mid-May, separatists launched an offensive in Bui against the Cameroonian Army, which in turn retaliated by burning down civilian homes in several villages. Over the weekend 23–25 May, more than 25 Cameroonian soldiers were killed and more than 12 military vehicles were damaged in Kumbo, Bui. On

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took place, with 10–12 gunmen killing 7 children and wounding another 13. No one claimed responsibility for the attack, and the Cameroonian government and the separatist movements blamed each other. Days later, the Cameroonian government announced that the BIR had identified and killed a separatist

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On 28 September, Cameroon announced that over the last four days it had expelled separatist fighters from at least a hundred schools across the Anglophone regions, with the aim of reopening schools on 5 October. At least nine separatist fighters and at least two Cameroonian soldiers died during the

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analyst, by October the war had reached a stalemate, with the army being unable to defeat the separatists, while the separatists were not militarily strong enough to expel the army. Others described the separatists as severely outgunned and on the verge of defeat, mostly due to their lack of access

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and the SCNC found substantive evidence of admissions through torture and force. The raid and trial resulted in a shutdown of SCNC activities. In response to this, in April 1998 a small faction elected Esoka Ndoki Mukete, a high-ranking member of the Social Democratic Front, as the new chair of the

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that the separatists were purchasing more weapons and that the fight would continue. Meanwhile, Biya thanked the population of the Anglophone regions for assisting the government in the fight against separatists, and called on other countries to crack down on separatist activities in the diaspora.

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was held in February, and was marked by unprecedented escalation on both sides. Hundreds of additional troops were deployed to combat separatist attempts to sabotage the election, while the separatists abducted 120 politicians within the two weeks preceding the election. Efforts by the Cameroonian

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Separatist forces started the new year by declaring a five-day lockdown for February, intended to prevent the upcoming parliamentary election from taking place in the Anglophone regions. Clashes took place in Buea and Muyuka, where separatists burned down the office of the Divisional Officer. On 6

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militia blocked the Bafut-Bamenda Highway with concrete walls On 14 March, Cameroonian soldiers burned down several houses in Dunga Mantung and Menchum, and killed at least 12 people (several of whom were burned alive). At the end of March, an ADF leader announced that they would take the war into

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Early March saw two serious kidnapping incidents; one on the Kumba-Buea Highway, which was quickly foiled by the BIR, and one at the University of Buea, where more than 15 students were kidnapped, beaten and released. The separatists set up several road blocks, including an overnight mission where

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highway at Ekona, a town located approximately 10 kilometers from Buea. A military assault on the separatists in Ekona failed to lift the blockade. While casualties related to the battle of Ekona remain unconfirmed, the Cameroonian government later declared that more than 40 soldiers and policemen

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By January 2018, 15,000 people had fled from Southern Cameroons to Nigeria. This number increased to at least 40,000 people by February. By August 2018, more than 180,000 people had been displaced due to the war. As of May 2019, 530,000 people had been internally displaced, and 35,000 had fled to

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In their effort to make the Anglophone regions ungovernable, separatist elements have maimed employees at state-owned corporations. Kidnapping for ransom has also occurred frequently, as well as blackmailing of civilians into transferring money to fund the struggle. Owing to the obscure nature of

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published a list of 106 villages that had been raided by government forces since October 2017. Citing eyewitness accounts, videos and photos as evidence, the Centre claimed that 71 of these villages had been completely destroyed and depopulated, while the remaining 34 had been partially deserted.

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war, aiming to hit the separatists' support base. This includes burning houses where weapons are found and, according to locals but denied by the army, carrying out revenge attacks. In August 2018, the Defence Minister of Cameroon announced that the army would be expanded with 2,600 new recruits,

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On May 24, it was reported that separatists had abducted 30 women in Babanki days prior. Separatist activist Capo Daniel confirmed the abduction, stating that the women were being punished for "allowing Cameroon's administration to manipulate them". All the women were released the same day as the

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separatist group with otherwise friendly relations with the Ambazonian movement. The BNL threatened to respond unless Ambazonian leaders condemned the invasion. In Batibo, Cameroonian Army freed several hostages held by the ADF, including Senator Regina Mundi who had been held since April 30. The

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On 19 May, one of the imprisoned members of the original cabinet of the IG, Barrister Shufai, who had been transferred to a hospital four days prior, was chained up and mistreated by guards. Shufai had been transferred to the hospital following 10 days of deteriorating health, and was unconscious

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On 30 September, in anticipation of the first anniversary of Ambazonia's declaration of independence on 1 October, the authorities imposed a 48-hour curfew throughout the Anglophone region. This was done to prevent a re-occurrence of the mass demonstrations that took place the year before. People

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and other imprisoned leaders and representatives of the Cameroonian government. The talks outlined a series of conditions for the Cameroonian government to accept, which Ayuk Tabe said would create an "enabling environment" for substantial negotiations to occur. These talks ultimately failed, and

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has complicated any diplomatic process. Separatist leaders who were extradited from Nigeria in 2018 were in 2019 handed life sentences by a military tribunal. Facing mounting international pressure for a global ceasefire, in July 2020, Cameroon began negotiating with these imprisoned leaders. The

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Throughout 2017, there were no reports of ADF using violence against civilians. As of October 2018, five such incidents had been reported, though these attacks were for the most part not lethal; one civilian death was attributed to an ADF attack. Other separatist groups had attacked civilians 25

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There is photographic evidence that shows a consistent strategy of burning down villages by Cameroonian forces. The army has claimed that the soldiers who were filmed were separatists wearing stolen Cameroonian Army uniforms, a claim that has been denied by local residents. Satellite images show

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to weed out separatists from the city; the announcement was followed shortly by civilians accusing soldiers of extortion. Cameroonian soldiers summarily executed two people on 14 September, and another five civilians days later. On 22 September, Cameroonian soldiers killed six civilians in Buea,

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is that civilians develop close connections with separatist fighters, who in turn defend them against Cameroonian raids. Unlike most Cameroonian soldiers deployed in the region, the separatists are locals, and are thus more familiar with the terrain. Cameroonian General Melingui stated that the

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On 4 May, separatists carried out two ambushes with IEDs; in Akwaya, causing unknown casualties, and in Ekona. Three civilians were killed when a bus hit an IED in Sabga on 9 May; separatists claimed responsibility, and said that the IED had been meant for militar targets. In mid-May, the "Fako

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January saw an escalation in guerrilla attacks on symbolic targets, as well as repeated spillover into Nigeria. The separatists began to target traditional village chiefs, as well as local administrators whom they accused of siding with the security forces. Attacks on gendarmes intensified, and

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In January 2017, the Cameroonian government set up a committee to initiate a dialogue with the lawyer activists. The lawyers refused to talk, demanding that all arrested activists be released before any dialogue. The lawyers submitted a draft for a federal state, and the government responded by

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In 1993, representatives of Anglophone groups convened the first All Anglophone Conference (AAC1) in Buea. The conference issued the "Buea Declaration", which called for constitutional amendments to restore the 1961 federation. This was followed by the second All Anglophone Conference (AAC2) in

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Atanga Nji offered amnesty to separatists who surrender their weapons, saying they would "be received as prodigal sons". The minister also announced a plan to rebuild infrastructure that had been destroyed due to the conflict. In February 2021, the government claimed that 4,000 Anglophones had

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In the early months of 2021, the separatists began to rely heavily on IEDs while carrying out their ambushes, resulting in heavier Cameroonian casualties. On 18 February, seven Cameroonian soldiers were killed by an IED in Babessi. On 24 February, at least two soldiers were killed and at least

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On 24 May, the Cameroonian military set up a military base in Ngarbuh, with the stated aim of cutting off a separatist supply route from Nigeria. Within a week, more than 300 villagers had fled, fearing the presence of soldiers and a repeat of the Ngarbuh massacre. Four days later, Cameroonian

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arguing that it would be counterproductive. The next day, large parts of Buea were closed down, while armed clashes took place in Muea and Muyuka. Most of Bamenda was also closed down, with smaller clashes taking place. In Muyuka, an Ambazonian Colonel was killed alongside two other separatist

855:. The activists demanded protection of the law system of the Anglophone regions and opposed the civil law system used by the Francophone magistrate replacing the common law system. They asked for several laws to be translated into English, and that the common law system should be taught at the 788:

in 1994. This conference issued the "Bamenda Declaration", which stated that if the federal state was not restored within a reasonable time, Southern Cameroons would declare its independence. The AAC was renamed the Southern Cameroons Peoples Conference (SCPC), and later the Southern Cameroons

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The Cameroonian government has tried to limit the extent of which the conflict affects everyday life in Southern Cameroons, and portrays the war as a battle between chaos and stability in which the government represents the latter. To this end, local authorities have penalized businesses that

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in Limbe. On 14 January, explosions were heard outside Limbe Omnisport Stadium. A separatist militia called the "Fako Action Forces" claimed responsibility. The next day, suspected separatists burned a beer truck in Likomba, Fako Division. Security forces pursued the attackers, and an ensuing

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September saw heavy escalation in Bamenda. Separatists killed a police officer on 1 September, Police forces responded by destroying shops and shooting indiscriminately, forcing people to stay indoors. In the following days, hundreds of people were detained, and locals accused the military of

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January also saw the start of the trials of the Ambazonian leaders, including Ayuk Tabe, who had spent a year in prison. The trial was complicated by all the Ambazonian leaders rejecting their Cameroonian nationality, which the court ultimately ignored. The leaders then refused to be tried by

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of Cameroon promised to "neutralize" all separatists who refused to disarm, while emphasizing that anyone who drops their guns can be reintegrated into society. Interim President Sako of Ambazonia said that the separatists would switch from a defensive to an offensive strategy in the war, and

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died in the later half of June across Southern Cameroons. By now, the war had fully extended to Buea, with separatists mounting road blocks and attacking government soldiers on 29 June. Attacks in Buea intensified in July, with one invasion on 1 July, another on 9 July and another on 30 July.

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According to Millan Atam, chairperson of the Southern Cameroonians Congress of the People, the separatists are building up support for their cause through two distinct phases. The first phase was to build internal capability to resist the Cameroonian Army and raise faith in the cause. Once a

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and in some cases single-shot pistols. As the war went on, they gradually gained limited access to some more sophisticated weapons, capturing some from the Cameroonian Army and buying some in Nigeria (where they enjoyed the support of officers in the Nigerian Army). They also benefitted from

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reported that Cameroon had largely pushed the separatists out of Buea (although they later clashed with the army there in early-July), where there had been much fighting back in 2018. Separatist militias in Northwest Region suffered heavy losses during operations in June, and a source in the

2459:, which was organized by the Cameroonian government. As of September 2020, the Cameroonian government was divided on the subject of talks with the separatists, with one camp, including the prime minister, advocating a negotiated end of the war, and the other camp opposing negotiations. 2185:. Many separatist militias, including the ADF and SOCADEF, are directly commanded by diaspora leaders in the United States, Norway, Germany and other countries; aid agencies have oftentimes had to negotiate with these leaders over the phone, rather than with separatists on the ground. 1588:

On 10 May, separatist fighters assassinated the newly elected mayor of Mamfe, Ashu Priestly Ojong, and hours later the chief of the Babeke Telecentre, Kimi Samson, was murdered as well by suspected separatists. Tribal clashes took place in Ndu, where armed Fulani killed two civilians.

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threatened to start a "gigantic national campaign" to overthrow President Biya if the latter convened the electorate without first solving the Anglophone Crisis. The Cameroon People's Party has taken a nuanced approach, condemning both the government and the separatists. Party leader

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announced it would oppose any future elections in the country while the war is still ongoing. The party supports a negotiated solution to the conflict, and has demanded a ceasefire, the opening of a dialogue, amnesty for everyone jailed because of the crisis, the establishment of a

2093:, killing at least 20 civilians, injuring another 10, and setting some 15 houses on fire in the Egbekaw, near Mamfe. Local sources reported more than 30 dead, many of whom were burned alive in their sleep. At least 15 people were abducted, and an unspecified number were raped. 2250:, he has claimed that the growing bitterness resulting from prolonged warfare will only serve to close the window of opportunity where reconciliation and territorial integrity is still an option, thereby – ironically – increasing the likelihood of Ambazonian secession. 1631:". In Malende, Kumba, the Cameroonian Army carried out an operation to expel separatists from the area. According to Cameroon, seven separatists were killed as the Cameroonian Army overran their base. On 5 June, separatist fighters killed a gendarmerie commander in 1138:, where Cameroon launched an offensive. The Cameroonian Army enjoyed some success in weeding out separatist camps. In a particularly lethal raid on 4 September, Cameroonian soldiers killed 27 suspected separatists near Zhoa. Another raid on separatist camps near 1527:(loyal to the IG) abducted 40 fighters from the Ambazonia Defence Forces, six of whom were subsequently murdered. "General Chacha", the separatist commander responsible for the abduction, was captured and summarily executed by Cameroonian soldiers a week later. 763:

of the Republic of Cameroon. Pro-independence groups claimed that this violated the constitution, as the majority of deputies from West Cameroon had not consented to legitimize the constitutional changes. They argued that Southern Cameroons had effectively been

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H.Res. 358: Calling on the Government of Cameroon and armed groups to respect the human rights of all Cameroonian citizens, to end all violence, and to pursue a broad-based dialogue without preconditions to resolve the conflict in the Northwest and Southwest

1342:(SCLC), a united front consisting of both separatists and federalists. On 4 April, separatists imposed a 10-day lockdown on Buea. On 9 April, the newly established SCLC declared an early end to lockdown, citing how it mainly affected civilians. However, the 1217:

reservoir. A month later, two suspected separatists were lynched by the villagers, and the Cameroonian Army launched an offensive nearby. Bangourain was attacked once more on 22 December, prompting the separatists to accuse the government of carrying out a

2334:, some attacks attributed to separatists may as well be the acts of local criminals. Notwithstanding, it is beyond doubt that separatist elements have carried out numerous such acts, sometimes drawing condemnation from the Interim Government of Ambazonia. 4414: 4165: 2418:

The conflict has severely harmed the local economy. In June 2018, Cameroon Development Corporation, a state-owned company with 22,000 employees, declared the conflict could lead to the loss of 5,000 jobs on the short term. In July 2018, Cameroonian NGO

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On July 31, Cameroonian forces initiated a three-day, multi-front attack on the ADF in the Batibo district. Two separatist fighters known as "Colonel John" and "General Rasta" including 15 other ADF fighters were killed by the Cameroonian forces in

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banning their movements altogether. The protesters were now openly regarded as a security threat by the Cameroonian government, and more arrests followed. The government also implemented an Internet blockade in cities across the Anglophone regions.

596:. Thousands of people have been killed in the war, and more than half a million have been forced to flee their homes. The Cameroonian government was supported by the Buhari administration in Nigeria, while at least one Ambazonian group is allied to 1953:

On June 25–26, the BIR carried out into the villages of Banten, Mborshia, and Yere in Bui division, during which they ambushed an ADF hideout and killed between two and five fighters. The ADF claimed that two Cameroonian soldiers were also killed.

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2019 started off with further escalation of the war. On 6 January, Anglophone Cameroonians in the diaspora organized protests to mark the first anniversary of the arrest of the Ambazonian leadership. Throughout the day, armed clashes took place in

1088:. On 24 May, Cameroonian soldiers killed at least 30 people while storming a hotel in Pinyin. By the end of May, Cameroon had also retaken Belo, though fighting continued around the town, which was almost completely abandoned by its inhabitants. 1309:

Francophone judges. On 1 March, the trial took a diplomatic twist; a Nigerian court determined that the deportation of the Ambazonian leadership had been unconstitutional, and ordered their return to Nigeria. Nevertheless, the trial resumed.

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between separatist fighters and police forces. In Kumbo, separatist fighters entered a church and held the occupants hostage. There were also clashes in Buea. In Babessi, a separatist fighter was ambushed and killed in his home by soldiers.

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on 11 February, separatists declared a 10-day lockdown, telling people all across the Anglophone regions to stay at home from 5–14 February. The lockdown was a matter of controversy among the separatists, with a spokesperson of the

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reported that a group known as the "Tigers of Manyu" was responsible for the attack, and had carried it out as revenge for the death of one of their fighters two days prior. The perpetrators were reported to be natives of Egbekaw.

1361:. In Ekona, at least six people were killed in a government offensive. The next day, security forces carried out mass arrests in Buea as they searched for separatist bases. On 24 April, gunmen burned down the house of the mayor of 2226:

operations by the Cameroonian government. This stance is not shared by AGovC. In March 2019, the ADF announced that it would take the war into the French-speaking parts of Cameroon, defying the IG. The ADF allied itself with the

1419:, in an apparent case of infighting among local separatist militias. One Cameroonian soldier and three separatists were killed in Buea on 14 July, and at least one Cameroonian soldier and at least five separatists were killed in 2377:

Anglophone groups have disputed these figures. While federalist movements claimed that the conflict had taken 3,000–5,000 lives as of the summer of 2019, separatists claimed that between 5,000 and 10,000 people had been killed.

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Two weeks into the protests, more than 100 protesters had been arrested, and six were reported dead. Unconfirmed videos released over social media showed various violent scenes, including the beating of protesters by policemen.

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The separatists suffered a major setback at the beginning of 2018. On 5 January, members of the IG were detained by Nigerian authorities, which proceeded to hand them over to Cameroon. A total of 69 leaders and activists were

4017: 1806:(AFCON). Separatist fighters who had vowed to disrupt 2021 Africa Cup of Nations in the city said on social media they were responsible for the blast and stated that it was "a warning sign of what they will do during AFCON". 4433: 3877: 936:. Three Cameroonian soldiers were killed in the attack, while the ADF claimed their soldiers managed to return to base unreduced. Throughout September, separatists carried out two bombings; one targeting security forces in 779:

was unconstitutional and announced the former Southern Cameroons should become independent as the Republic of Ambazonia. Dinka was incarcerated the following January without trial. Three years later, he escaped to Nigeria.

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At this point, the crisis began to attract international responses. More than 13,000 Anglophone Cameroonians living in Maryland protested against the Cameroonian government crackdown. On 27 June, United States Congressman

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were forbidden from moving across sub-division boundaries, and gatherings of four or more people in public were prohibited. Businesses were shut down and motor parks were closed as well. Meanwhile, in anticipation of the

2471:, and decentralization of the country. In March 2019, the SDF accused members of the Cameroonian government of supporting certain armed elements in the Anglophone regions. In May 2019, the SDF announced it would boycott 1167:

By October, the conflict had spread to most of Southern Cameroons. The ADF alone had clashed with the army 83 times, separatist militias were now active in 12 divisions, and attacks were now more lethal. According to an

940:, and another targeting police officers. While the first bombing failed, the second injured three policemen. On 22 September, Cameroonian soldiers opened fire on protesters, killing at least five and injuring many more. 4338: 1163:

on 7 October, the separatists started enforcing a lock-down of their own, blocking major highways with trees or car wrecks. Throughout the day, security forces and separatists clashed in Buea, Bamenda and other cities.

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condemned the loss of life and brutality against Anglophone protesters. Many separatists and federalists hoped that the crackdown would lead to an international military intervention against the Cameroonian government.

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December saw more burning of houses by government soldiers in Romajia, Kikiakom and Ekona. On 15 December, at least five separatists were summarily executed, possibly by fellow separatists. On 21 December, ADF General

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The militias enjoy significant local support, with civilians giving them food, informing them on troop movements, or outright assisting them in carrying out attacks. In separatist-controlled territory, a common

4411: 4162: 1620:. Towards the end of the month, separatists drew condemnation from Human Rights Watch for abducting and maltreating a humanitarian worker and members of a non-profit organization. All were eventually released. 9428: 3456: 5474: 2209:

in Nigeria. In September 2021, following an ambush in which 15 soldiers were killed and two armored vehicles destroyed, Cameroon's Defense Minister Joseph Beti Assomo announced a "paradigm shift" in the war.

5550: 4376: 3936: 1123:, killing at least four soldiers. A civilian who got caught in the crossfire was also killed. Eight days later, a successful guerrilla attack killed two gendarmes and wounded a brigade commander in Zhoa in 1703:

the independence day. Cameroon sent reinforcements to stop the celebrations, and clashes were reported in Bui, Momo and Boyo. On 11 October, Cameroon initiated a three-day offensive against separatists in

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atrocities. Elsewhere in Bamenda, separatist fighters killed a police officer. and four days later, Cameroonian troops killed Ambazonian general Luca Fonteh in the city. On 8 September, Cameroon announced

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To prevent the Anglophone Crisis from becoming a full-fledged intercommunal war, Cameroonian authorities have sought to gain as much support among the Anglophone population as possible. In August 2018,

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On April 6, separatists abducted alleged anti-separatists protesters in Oku, Northwest Region. Separatists set ablaze an unspecified number of houses who reportedly belongs to the Mbororos people in

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On August 28, multiple separatist attacks occurred in at least three different localities across the Anglophone regions. Three soldiers were killed and many others injured in an IED ambush led by

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was fought on 3 March, producing unprecedented casualties on both sides and forcing over 4,000 locals to flee. On 20 March, Cameroonian soldiers freed two Cameroonian and one Tunisian hostage in

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summed up the ADF strategy in the following way: "60% of the GDP of Cameroon is earned in Ambazonia. We must try to raise the cost of the occupation to higher than the profits they get here."

9478: 5638: 5455: 5091: 1741:. Five soldiers and one civilian were killed. Two days later, separatists killed three gendarme officers, one policeman and two civilians at a checkpoint in Matazem. Four others were injured. 3826: 768:

by Cameroon. Shortly afterwards, French Cameroun's political leadership changed the constitution again, appointed French-speaking Paul Biya as Prime Minister and successor to Ahmadou Ahidjo.

4300: 739:. However, the English-speaking peoples of the Southern Cameroons did not believe that they were fairly treated by the 80% majority French-speaking government of the country. Then-president 724:

which put two alternatives to the people: union with Nigeria or union with Cameroon. The third option, independence, was opposed by the British representative to the UN Trusteeship Council,

9600: 4146: 2059:, killing five soldiers or police officers and one civilian, and wounding many others. The separatists seized soldiers' clothing, weapons and ammunition before heading back into bordering 1022:. Since most of the individuals had submitted asylum claims, the deportation immediately became controversial, as it possibly violated the Nigerian constitution. They spent 10 months at a 9236: 4512: 4229: 4184: 3894: 2279:

to spread propaganda. Cameroonian authorities have arrested journalists on the accusation of propagating false information, the punishment for which is six months to two years in prison.

5512: 5417: 1918:, near the Nigerian border, reportedly with the aim of abducting selected individuals. Clashes ensued, and many villagers fled across the border into the villages of Bashu and Danare in 10062: 3858: 1270:; the killing was denied by the IG, and was also denied by sources within the Cameroonian Army. Oliver resurfaced in a video a week later, proving that reports of his death were false. 9268: 6971: 8600: 4577: 4474: 4281: 10115: 10081: 5300: 4014: 4642: 2374:

had been killed as of July 2020, counting both civilians and pro-Cameroonian militants. Cameroonian casualties spiked in 2021, as separatists were becoming increasingly well-armed.

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and Bamenda. The Cameroonian military also reinforced the Nigerian border, and on 9 October, it claimed to have stopped "hundreds of Nigerian fighters" from crossing into Cameroon.

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have criticized Cameroon. The United States has been particularly vocal in its criticism; In July 2019, following a fact-finding mission by some of its members to the country, the

2063:. A small group of separatists from Ambazonia Liberation Council claimed responsibility. The attack was regarded as notable because Matouke is located less than 40 kilometers from 1312:

The separatists got bolder with enforcing lockdowns. The same day as the start of the trial, the streets of Buea were almost completely deserted. On 4 February, in anticipation of

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and abducting three police officers. On 11 September, separatists took control of two neighborhoods of Buea, blocking the main entrances to the city and killing a soldier from the

5752: 5493: 5338: 4961: 5676: 4797: 3634: 2455:(CPDM), the ruling party, regards the separatists as terrorists and supports a military solution to the conflict. The CPDM supported both the carrying out and conclusion of the 899:

The government crackdown on the protests contributed to mainstream separatist movements. In September 2017, Ambazonian separatists began to take up arms against the government.

10031: 9694: 4873: 4835: 4395: 4335: 3604: 2917: 12287: 9862: 6630: 5262: 4105: 4067: 10208:"Global Responses to Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis: The Inadequate International Efforts to End the World's Most Neglected Conflict - The SAIS Review of International Affairs" 5657: 5607: 5357: 3315: 1926:. The separatists pursued them into Nigerian territory and killed at least 20 people, injured another 70, and burned down dozens of houses. The invasion was condemned by the 1844:, killing two. Three police officers were also injured by a homemade bomb. In a separate incident near Buea, a Cameroonian soldier was killed in a separatist IED ambush; the 11116: 9340: 8265: 3985: 2592: 10162: 9456: 7670: 4942: 4455: 4086: 966:

The Cameroonian Army moved into the regions in force to fight the separatists and quell the demonstrations. Throughout the day, at least eight demonstrators were killed in

9218: 5221: 1392:. Days later, the Cameroonian government announced it was ready for an "inclusive" dialogue where anything except Ambazonian independence could be discussed. Meanwhile, a 9288: 6198: 5319: 5243: 4529: 3574: 2293:

extensive damage to villages. Journalists have been denied entry to the conflict zones, and soldiers have been forbidden from carrying mobile phones. In August 2018, the

1904:, Southwest Region then released 24 hours after their kidnapping. Four Cameroonian soldiers were killed and another six were wounded in a separatist IED ambush in Mamfe. 9308:. No. 7 November 2019. Paragraph 8, p. 41: The Economist print weekly and web (full article with free registration or subscription). 9 November 2019. pp. 41–42 5398: 5186: 1672:, titled "Presidential Programme for the Reconstruction and Development" (PPRD). Heavy fighting took place in June, with the separatists suffering dozens of casualties. 1038:

gunmen also began to target schools to enforce a school boycott. On 24 February, separatists abducted the government's regional representative for social affairs in the

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campaign and later proclaimed independence. Within two months, the government of Cameroon declared war on the separatists and sent its army into the Anglophone regions.

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declared that henceforth, whenever Cameroonian forces killed Anglophone civilians, the ADF would retaliate by killing civilians from the Francophone parts of Cameroon.

2823: 9425: 5804: 4661: 3694: 3464: 2853: 690:. The French mandate was known as Cameroun, and comprised most of the former German territory. The British mandate was an elongated strip of land along the border of 11230: 9969: 9352: 7463: 6170: 5471: 5281: 5205: 3278:

Betrayal of Too Trusting a People. The UN, the UK and the Trust Territory of the Southern Cameroons: The UN, the UK and the Trust Territory of the Southern Cameroons

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significant portion of the population of Southern Cameroons clearly wanted separation, the separatists would approach the international community with their cause.

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in Bamenda in the first week of the month. On the last two days of November, five soldiers and five policemen were killed in two separate separatist attacks near

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system in the Anglophone regions, as well as part of the general marginalization of Anglophones. The strikes were supported by peaceful protests in the cities of

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The Anglophone Crisis has become a diplomatic challenge to Cameroon, and has damaged the country's relations with some of its allies. While member states of the

328: 8358: 7523: 5888: 5129: 4702: 2010:'s announcement in his New Years' speech that the Cameroonian military was crushing the Ambazonian rebellion, separatists moved to enforce local lockdowns. The 1768:

Mountain Lions" invaded Muyuka and Muea and essentially dared the Cameroonian Army to attack; the subsequent battle saw the deaths of two Cameroonian soldiers.

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both opposed them, and the Cameroonian Government did not buy into the talks either, rendering them ineffective. The faction of the movement aligned with

2427:

The conflict has triggered an exodus of the Nigerian business community from Southern Cameroons, as well as Nigerian traders who used to run key markets.

1562:, where it claimed to have destroyed 10 separatist camps and killed at least 20 fighters, including some of those who had participated in the Galim raid. 10987: 9910: 9628: 9528: 8030: 7958: 7226: 1863:, until the Cameroonian Army withdrew from the area. At least three Cameroonian soldiers were reportedly killed, and one military vehicle was destroyed. 10235: 9894: 9196: 7202: 6840: 5730: 5020: 1229: 11096: 9997: 9494: 8622: 7595: 7067: 6367: 4854: 4124: 2361:

more than 120 dead. By October 2018, the military and police had lost at least 175 servicemen. Separatist losses were estimated to be in the hundreds.

1911:. The Cameroonian Army claimed at least 28 separatists were killed during the battles, while the ADF claimed that 24 Cameroonian soldiers were killed. 9640: 8792: 7298: 6534: 4048: 1938:

On June 7, between five and nine Cameroonian gendarmes were killed and another three were wounded in a separatist attack on a checkpoint in Njitapon,

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September saw some setbacks for the separatists, as the government launched attacks into the rural areas they controlled. There was heavy fighting in

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incident was first reported, many with serious injuries; a local source said that some had gunfire wounds and that one might require an amputation.

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By the end of 2017, several separatist militias had emerged, with the ADF standing out as the most prominent one. During the guerrilla campaign in

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killed one soldier and injured four soldiers, two police officers and one civilian in Bamenda. Cameroon subsequently carried out an offensive in

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to declare that it did not take hostages nor target foreigners. On 25 April, separatists forced the Cameroonian Army to retreat from the town of

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Throughout November, eight soldiers, at least 14 civilians and five fugitives were confirmed killed due to the conflict. Separatists killed two

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Kidnapping of government officials highlights risks to companies in Cameroon's Anglophone regions deemed to be unfairly exploiting resources

4278: 2975: 1510: 1407:

Heavy fighting took place in July. On 3 July, separatists ambushed a military boat carrying 13 Cameroonian soldiers on the Ekpambiri river,

694:, consisting of Northern Cameroons and Southern Cameroons, including the historical Ambas Bay Protectorate. This territory was organized as 11379: 11111: 10917: 10524: 10251: 10112: 10078: 8896: 7451: 5297: 2948: 2246:

has argued that Cameroon's military approach to the conflict plays straight into the strategy of the separatists. Drawing parallels to the

824: 7409: 6618: 6546: 5792: 4639: 3021: 2777: 2534:

ultimately failed. The talks were referred to as the "Swiss Process" but were only supported by one faction of the independence movement.

1646:. In response, separatists declared a three-day lockdown all across the Anglophone regions. Meanwhile, two explosive devices detonated in 11921: 11596: 11321: 10459: 10016: 9837: 7475: 7173: 7094: 7031: 6935: 6714: 6666: 6340: 6304: 6292: 6273: 6210: 6186: 6071: 6059: 5975: 5876: 5864: 5711: 4889: 3289:

Nkwi; Nchoji, Paul (2015). The Anthropology of Africa: Challenges for the 21st Century (illustrated, reprint ed.), p. 478. Langaa RPCIG.

2633: 2611: 1415:. On 11 July, at least seven separatist fighters were killed in Esu. The next day, armed men kidnapped 30 bus passengers passing through 744: 321: 9849: 8402: 6983: 5749: 5490: 5335: 4958: 1907:

On May 20, multiple clashes between the Cameroon Army and separatists took place in the English-speaking regions of Cameroon during the

1147:(BIR). An attempt was also made to abduct the Fon of Buea. On 27 September, separatists forced the police and gendarmes to retreat from 11601: 11355: 10857: 10578: 7722: 7511: 7214: 6119: 6107: 5828: 2222:

The IG has stressed that the war will take place solely within Southern Cameroons, and claims that attacks across the border have been

1554:, killing two gendarmes, two police officers and four civilians. This was the third separatist attack in West Region. The next day, an 8380: 7583: 7559: 7535: 5673: 4794: 3642: 932:(ADF) in Southern Cameroons. On 9 September, the ADF carried out its first military action, attacking a military base in Besongabang, 12031: 11283: 10028: 9691: 9140: 8870: 6131: 4870: 4832: 4392: 3612: 2925: 2301:

With IEDs becoming a growing threat to its soldiers, the Rapid Intervention Battalion has allegedly forced civilians to act as human

9870: 8997: 7120: 6642: 6379: 5840: 5259: 4102: 4064: 3443: 3055: 2657:

International Institute for Strategic Studies. (2014). Chapter Ten: Country comparisons – commitments, force levels, and economics.

1639:

Road, where rebels had extorted money from travellers. Separatists condemned the blockade and denied having anything to do with it.

11216: 10347: 10151:

Cameroon: Kamto plans to launch 'gigantic' campaign to oust Paul Biya if he convenes electorate without resolving Anglophone crisis

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operation. In Manyu, at least seven Cameroonian soldiers were killed and another seven were wounded in a separatist attack on four

1785: 1732: 1505: 1279: 1005: 992:, it had clashed with the army 13 times. The separatists had also spread out, and by the end of the year, they were active in five 959:(IG). Several months into the war, the IG would reject the idea of an armed struggle, preferring instead a diplomatic campaign and 919: 796:

SCNC activities were routinely disrupted by police. On 23 March 1997, about ten people were killed in a raid on a gendarme camp in

394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 9710: 7262: 6864: 6757: 6745: 6522: 6486: 5936: 3993: 12200: 11121: 11055: 9544: 7667: 6876: 6654: 6222: 6023: 4939: 4452: 4083: 3121: 2045:. The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) claimed responsibility, saying that their primary target had been Cameroonian elite forces. 1531: 1493: 1249:

On 31 December, the presidents of Cameroon and Ambazonia addressed the ongoing conflict in their end of year speeches. President

1174: 1160: 9985: 9215: 7373: 6852: 6462: 5924: 5768: 1297:. In Mamfe, two Ambazonian generals were killed when their camps were raided by the BIR. On 24 January, General Andrew Ngoe of 827:, an organization consisting of lawyer and teacher trade unions in the Anglophone regions, initiated a strike. Led by Barrister 631:

Monument raised on the 150th anniversary of the establishment of Victoria at Ambas Bay, from which the name "Ambazonia" derives.

11915: 11420: 11062: 10606: 9285: 8818: 8056: 6474: 5316: 5240: 3582: 2527: 1346:(ASC), the armed wing of the IG, declared that the SCLC had no authority to call off the lockdown without consulting it first. 1144: 314: 9616: 8490: 7310: 6702: 6690: 6436: 5395: 5183: 4994: 2892: 2500:

credible" as most of the separatists leaders that were arrested earlier were "handed life sentences on charges of terrorism".

743:

feared that Southern Cameroons would secede from the union, taking its natural resources with it. Following a French Cameroon

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Meanwhile, the opposition has been vocal in its criticism of the government's handling of the conflict. In January 2019, the

1524: 1339: 9789: 9581: 6769: 6234: 4599: 4493: 4210: 2831: 655:). In 1884, the area became the British Ambas Bay Protectorate, with Victoria as its capital. Britain ceded the area to the 12145: 11849: 10994: 10892: 10797: 10438: 9679: 9664: 7043: 6316: 6047: 4658: 4537: 3702: 3664: 2861: 1669: 1643: 643:. This is where the English language was permanently established for the first time in Southern Cameroons, when missionary 9966: 7812: 6959: 6167: 5278: 5202: 12151: 11980: 11667: 11188: 11016: 10534: 10454: 10384: 10340: 9556: 8220: 7848: 6972:

Cameroon – Anglophone Crisis: Soldiers Sweep Through Late 'Amba General' Ivo's Fief, "Neutralize Seven Armed Separatists"

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allegedly for not showing them the locations of separatist hideouts. Another civilian was killed in Bui four days later.

1401: 880: 790: 736: 9947: 9765: 8512: 7337: 7007: 6891:"#Cameroon Soldiers have shot dead four unarmed young men and abandoned their corpses beside an uncompleted building..." 6808:"One of the NERA 10 Ambazonia detainees , Barrister Shufai has been chained, molested, and dragged like a dog to the..." 6558: 5912: 5780: 5566: 5067: 4920: 3785:"Cameroon Strike: The United States expresses concern over the loss of life and brutality against anglophone protesters" 3732: 3250: 2645: 2078:

On July 16, gunmen killed ten people and injured another two at a busy junction in Bamenda. Seven of the dead were from

11792: 11451: 10792: 10628: 10399: 10182: 9513: 8601:"ADF confirms death of 11 combatants, says Cameroon military offensive at headquarters came in wake of major operation" 8197: 6095: 5164: 5107: 4316: 3762: 3339: 3265:

Inside the Virtual Ambazonia: Separatism, Hate Speech, Disinformation and Diaspora in the Cameroonian Anglophone Crisis

2463: 2331: 1366: 1178: 801: 249: 5376: 12250: 12122: 11815: 11786: 10977: 10929: 10847: 8973: 7800: 5126: 4699: 3415: 3369: 3294: 3190: 3098: 2049: 2037:

On February 1–3, separatists carried out a string of attacks in Bamessing, Oku, Nkambe, Kumbo, Kom and Nkambe, using

1814: 1745: 1393: 908: 721: 352: 240: 10131: 10100: 9926: 6004:"Armed Conflict In Southern Cameroons: Ambazonia Leaders Welcome Swiss-Led Mediation Process – Cameroon News Agency" 5692: 4680: 4033: 12213: 11985: 11476: 11471: 11326: 11311: 10852: 10546: 10529: 10431: 5585: 5528: 5433: 2386: 1675:

On 13 July, a separatist militia known as the "Gorilla Fighters" led by "General Ayeke" abducted 63 civilians from

884: 818: 622: 569: 407: 8004: 7145: 6995: 6498: 4718: 4615: 4578:

Fighting, attacks on timber and fuel trucks in Anglophone Cameroon likely to rise shortly before October elections

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3 Villages Razed In Batibo, 4 Deserted After Bloody Attack *Collateral Casualties Overwhelmed Local Administrators

4354: 2790: 2313: 1737:

On 6 January, separatist fighters ambushed the convoy of the Senior Divisional Officer of Momo near Njikwa, using

1466:

Due to the escalation, a government-led effort to reopen at least 4,500 schools by 2 September ultimately failed.

12366: 12361: 11992: 11964: 11266: 10825: 10363: 8424: 2366: 1962: 1474: 1443: 1435: 1389: 1263: 1155:. Despite government offensives in September, the separatists remained in control of many rural and urban areas. 956: 538: 468: 438: 124: 9825: 9753: 8947: 8332: 8101: 3494: 2567:, which was dissolved in a manner which was similar to the manner in which British Southern Cameroons dissolved. 2546:

has continued to insist that the talks facilitated by Switzerland are the only means of resolving the conflict.

2522:

have taken either a neutral stance or sided with the Cameroonian government, several European countries and the

2109:. The rebels later retreated from Belegete on their own, but threatened that they would return at a later date. 1813:

starting on January 9. Cameroon has deployed additional troops to the cities, while separatists have warned the

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On March 2, seven people including a Divisional Officer, and a mayor were killed in a separatist IED ambush in

1853: 1343: 928:(AGovC), a separatist movement established in 2013 through the merger of several groups, formally deployed the 244: 10207: 9911:

Geneva Palais briefing note on the situation for children in the North-West and South-West regions of Cameroon

9525: 9088: 6631:

COVID19: IG, AGovC Will Declare COVID19 Ceasefire Only When All Parties Agree To Internationally Binding Terms

12356: 12293: 11714: 11427: 11414: 11033: 10820: 10616: 10596: 10232: 9891: 7936: 6355: 5028: 3827:"English speakers protest in Cameroon, demand equal rights amid calls for secession – News – DW – 22.09.2017" 2479: 1053:. A similar operation freed seven Swiss, six Cameroonian and five Italian hostages on 4 April, prompting the 4908: 4851: 4121: 943: 11826: 10539: 9327: 7789:

More Headache For Buhari's Government As IPOB, Cameroonian Secessionists Partner On Training, Arms Exchange

7160: 4246: 4045: 2247: 2141: 2101:

On December 5, Ambazonian separatists reportedly took control of the Belegete community inside Nigeria (in

1849: 604: 502: 8079:"Ambazonia forces have taken over the Kumbo water tank in Bamkikai, Bui Division in the North West region" 4813: 4737: 2034:(ADF) announced that the separatists had expanded their territorial grip and that the war would continue. 1331:

the French-speaking parts of Cameroon. A week later, separatists – possibly the ADF – raided Penda Mboko,

755:, and also gave more power to the president. Southern Cameroons lost its autonomous status and became the 12025: 11820: 11438: 11243: 11170: 11079: 11074: 10672: 10623: 9306:"A war of words / English-speaking villages are burning in Cameroon / A report from a forgotten conflict" 2390: 2228: 2182: 2060: 2042: 2038: 2027: 1821: 1799: 1791: 1757: 1738: 1609: 1555: 1313: 1255: 1128: 1039: 925: 760: 756: 549: 545: 433: 91: 87: 9062: 1859:

On January 31, a separatist militia known as the "Bui Warriors" battled Cameroonian forces in Bamkikai,

663:

in 1887. Germany had some trouble establishing control over the hinterlands of Victoria, and fought the

12391: 12386: 12351: 12272: 12255: 12104: 12060: 12013: 11931: 11909: 11608: 11045: 10713: 10645: 10556: 10491: 8078: 3552: 2560: 2056: 1992:, a gendarmerie brigade was attacked by separatists; the gendarmes escaped before the attack occurred. 1803: 1455: 1454:

On 4 August, separatist fighters ambushed and killed a soldier and his civilian driver in Penda Mboko,

1400:

government of Cameroon and separatist movements would enter negotiations. On 27 June, John Fru Ndi was

1373: 1332: 1169: 891:, to call for the government of Cameroon to immediately show concern and solve the ongoing crises. The 589: 104: 10263: 7824: 7749: 7361: 6726: 6403: 5472:

No Retreat, No Surrender, From Defensive To Offensive Strategy, The way Forward In 2019-Dr Samuel Sako

4775: 2188:

At the start of the war, the separatists struggled with gaining access to firearms, having to rely on

1103: 572:

by Cameroonian authorities, separatists in the Anglophone regions (formerly collectively known as the

12092: 12008: 11936: 11534: 11444: 10951: 10682: 8174: 7911: 7899: 7887: 7836: 7710: 2157: 1546:

On 7 March, around 20 separatist fighters carried out attacks on a police station and gendarmerie in

1385: 1378: 771:

In a memorandum dated 20 March 1985, Anglophone lawyer and President of the Cameroon Bar Association

687: 9814:

Atrocity Alert No. 126 (10 October 2018): Afghanistan, Cameroon and Democratic Republic of the Congo

8579:"Two Ambazonia forces killed in Bambui, 15 killed and hideouts ransacked in Batibo-Security sources" 6199:

Cameroon: Ambazonia fighters declare 'Lockdown' to frustrate school resumption in Anglophone regions

2430:

Thousands of displaced people have fled to protected natural areas, endangering the wildlife there.

1539:, killing at least 23 civilians in Ntumbo, Northwest Region and drawing international condemnation. 804:, an opposition party with significant support in the Anglophone regions. In the subsequent trials, 12381: 12376: 12195: 12070: 11560: 11529: 11272: 11028: 10837: 10611: 10419: 9168:"Survivors Of Ambazonia Militant Attack In Nigeria Are Experiencing The Festive Season Differently" 4756: 4298:

Just In-Dr Samuel Ikome Sako Is New Acting Interim President of The 'Federal Republic of Ambazonia'

2341:

In 2021, some separatist fighters began dressing up in captured Cameroonian military uniforms as a

2232: 2031: 1845: 1594: 1447: 1384:

May saw the Anglophone Crisis get some international attention. On 5 May, following appeals by the

1318: 1054: 929: 725: 236: 2756: 800:. The police arrested between 200 and 300 people, mostly SCNC supporters, but also members of the 12190: 11926: 11727: 11578: 11555: 11481: 11344: 11316: 10806: 10687: 10573: 10464: 8005:"Separatists vow to derail Africa's biggest soccer tournament with bullets and bombs in Cameroon" 2535: 2472: 2456: 1908: 1691: 1605: 1470: 1200:

the next day. On 22 November, around 40 Ambazonian fighters and unarmed civilians were killed in

1073: 1019: 993: 609: 507: 453: 193: 10163:

Cameroon: Kah Walla rubbishes separatist threats, insists Federation can solve Anglophone crisis

1580: 11903: 11721: 11510: 11050: 10912: 10718: 9353:

Cameroon: Anglophone crisis dragging on due to illegal manufacturing, sale of arms- NW Governor

8693:"Nord-Ouest: un véhicule de l'armée a sauté sur engin explosif à Bafut, plusieurs soldats tués" 7923: 7872: 7860: 7761: 7698: 7686: 7655: 7631: 7349: 7322: 7250: 7019: 6911: 6341:

Key separatist commander killed after dropping weapons in Cameroon's troubled Anglophone region

4959:

Cameroon armed forces and separatists have the Anglophone region on lockdown ahead of elections

2738:

Cameroon-unfolding catastrophe' evidence of human rights violations and crimes against humanity

2079: 1943: 1551: 1258:, injuring at least one government soldier. The Cameroonian Army also announced the killing of 1210: 1072:, resulting in heavy casualties. On 20 May, in an effort to boycott celebrations of Cameroon's 1016: 593: 557: 108: 9407:

Interim Government Warns Cameroun Against Propagating Inter-Citizen War Between Both Cameroons

7737: 7487: 7424: 7181: 5817:

Interim Government Warns Cameroun Against Propagating Inter-Citizen War Between Both Cameroons

3403: 3359: 3216: 2235:

in 2021, and declared that this alliance would entail joint military operations. AGovC leader

2161:

Weapons of separatist fighters in Bamenda, seized by the Cameroonian military in February 2019

1484:

On 1 December, separatist fighters carried out their first attack on an airplane, firing at a

735:

Southern Cameroons federated with Cameroon on 1 October 1961 as "West Cameroon", with its own

11855: 11432: 10601: 9777: 9426:

Cameroon:Three gendarmes injured as suspected Ambazonia fighters attack Littoral region again

8266:"Cameroun : 33 séminaristes enlevés durant moins de 24h dans le Sud-Ouest à Bachuo Ntai" 7464:

Cameroon/Kumba massacre: Owners of Mother Francisca primary school still under police custody

7134:

Humanitarian NGOs And UN Agencies In NWSW Regions Say They Are Not Working With Gov't On PPRD

6924:

Cameroon: HRW urges military, separatists to end attacks on aid workers in Anglophone regions

6084:

Cameroun/Crise anglophone : un soldat et trois séparatistes armés tués dans le sud-ouest

5805:

Cameroon:Three gendarmes injured as suspected Ambazonia fighters attack Littoral region again

5548:

Cameroon: Protests, ghost towns mark anniversary celebrations of detained 'Ambazonia leaders'

5453:

Cameroon: Biya says soldiers will 'neutralize' Ambazonia fighters who fail to drop their guns

2106: 2011: 1927: 1874: 1837: 1711: 1642:

In June, Cameroon planned to start rebuilding the Anglophone regions with the support of the

1214: 1205:

of Cameroon; On 29 November, at least 30 people were kidnapped by ten unidentified gunmen in

860: 805: 458: 227: 9457:

Black-On-Black Colonialism: The Divide Between Francophone Cameroon And Anglophone Ambazonia

8741:"Cameroon Says Separatists Relaunch Attacks, IED Use After Death of Self Proclaimed General" 8557:"War in Anglophone regions: Chris Anu officially announces death of brother, Oliver Lekeaka" 8031:"Soccer-Rebels say they killed Cameroon soldier in city hosting Africa Cup of Nations teams" 7524:

Cameroon: Ambazonia fighter suspected of kidnapping Cardinal Tumi, Fon of Nso, "neutralised"

6841:

Separatists impose lockdown to disrupt national day in Cameroon's restive Anglophone regions

3088: 1377:

April, government soldiers killed one person and burned at least 10 houses in Kikaikelaiki,

12244: 12184: 11897: 8468: 6894: 6811: 4208:

Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: Red Dragons and Tigers – the rebels fighting for independence

2475:

celebrations in sympathy with people in Southern Cameroons living in a state of civil war.

2071:, at least six people were killed and more were wounded in a raid by the Cameroonian Army. 1665: 1601:

in a crowded prison. His treatment was condemned by his lawyers and by Human Rights Watch.

1574: 1189: 679: 448: 428: 10278: 2593:

Explosions in Bamenda and Killings in Besongabang Military Base, ADF Claims Responsibility

8: 12208: 11584: 11384: 11306: 11165: 10939: 10862: 10842: 10811: 9444: 7107:

Cameroon: Detained Ambazonia leaders hold secret talks with Yaounde regime over ceasefire

6890: 6807: 6083: 5731:

Cameroon: Lockdown, Gunshots Frustrate Youth Day, Force Buea University To Postpone Exams

2555: 2170: 1882: 1623:

On 1 June, at least five Cameroonian soldiers were killed in a separatist ambush in Otu,

1565:

On 26 March, SOCADEF declared a two-week ceasefire to give people time to get tested for

1461:

On 20 August, the ten detained members of the IG, including Ayuk Tabe, were sentenced to

474: 463: 10291:"Cameroon: North-West and South-West Crisis Situation Report No. 9 – As of 31 July 2019" 8535:"Crise Anglophone : voici comment l'armée camerounaise a neutralisé Field Marshall" 7227:

Interior Minister Bans Purchase Of Machetes, Iron Rods In NWSW Region, Except Authorised

5889:

Cameroon:Civilians arrested as security forces raid Buea in search of Ambazonia fighters

5877:

Six killed in anti-separatism military operation in Cameroon's restive Anglophone region

5865:

Three separatists, 4 soldiers killed in clashes in Cameroon's troubled Anglophone region

4472:

4000 persons in Batibo displaced after deadly clashes between gunmen and security forces

4163:

Cameroonian troops entered Nigeria without seeking authorization, sources in Nigeria say

3517:"Mass protests in Cameroon are exposing the fragility of its dual French-English system" 1683: 1076:, Ambazonian forces struck in several villages throughout Southern Cameroons, including 184: 11590: 11373: 11350: 10708: 10501: 10409: 9321: 8289:"Violence, Lockdown, Running Battles Paralyze Cameroon National Day in Western Regions" 8244:"Armed separatists kidnap 33 seminarians in Manyu days to consecration of Mamfe Bishop" 2150: 1897: 1624: 1408: 1226:, a military vehicle hit a road bomb; no soldiers died, but the vehicle was destroyed. 985: 960: 933: 856: 772: 573: 565: 95: 32: 7203:

Disappearance Of More Than 17 Gunmen In Ntale, Witnesses Speak to Cameroon News Agency

6451:

Cameroon/2020 twin polls: Separatists announce five-day lockdown in Anglophone regions

6416:

Cameroon: Massive population displacement, North West: Flash update (20 December 2019)

3125: 12330: 12174: 11703: 11638: 11150: 10967: 10922: 10771: 10723: 10692: 9641:

Back To School: Ambazonia Leaders Maintain Boycott, Activists Advocate For Resumption

5059: 3411: 3365: 3290: 3222: 3186: 3094: 2543: 2166: 1923: 1659: 1462: 1396:

erupted within the IG, forcing smaller separatist movements to pick their loyalties.

1116: 1050: 1031: 695: 577: 417: 197: 112: 12019: 11208: 9115:"Ambazonian Insurgents Ravage Nigerian Community For Housing Refugees From Cameroon" 8719:"Cameroon Separatists Enforce Curfew After President Says Troops Crushing Rebellion" 6595:

20 separatists killed in military offensive in Cameroon's troubled Anglophone region

3218:

Southern West Cameroon Revisited (1950–1972) Volume One: Unveiling Inescapable Traps

3157:

Comparing British and French colonial legacies: A discontinuity analysis of Cameroon

1357:

On 14 April, four Cameroonian soldiers and three separatist fighters were killed in

1349: 1034:

was announced as Acting President on 4 February, replacing Tabe for the time being.

12278: 12178: 11970: 11673: 11277: 11091: 11086: 10887: 10728: 10677: 10551: 10496: 9778:

Laws of War: Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October 18, 1907. Art. 23.

9629:

Cameroon: 'Ambazonia' activists pushing for school resumption in Anglophone regions

8671:"Ambazonia combatants use rocket, IEDs in Sunday attacks against government forces" 7619: 7397: 7056:

Cameroon English-Speakers Claim Harassment After Government Declares Security Alert

2953: 2570: 2564: 2243: 2206: 2090: 1616:

soldiers killed four unarmed men in Buea. Another person was killed by soldiers in

1536: 1046: 748: 714: 691: 584:

major cities. Separatists have occasionally carried out raids into the neighboring

542: 489: 484: 443: 422: 412: 205: 9998:

Cameroon's Nigerian business community is fleeing as the Anglophone crisis deepens

9735:

Churches turned into military barracks, people killed: Cameroon Christians cry out

7608:

Cameroon: Two suspected separatists killed following attack on beer truck in Limbe

7274: 5961:

Cameroon: Sepratist hardliners react after impechment of detained Ambazonia leader

3923: 3856:

The crisis in Cameroon's English-speaking regions has turned violent with bombings

2451:

The Anglophone Crisis has become a divisive question in Cameroonian politics. The

1776:, Bui, Cameroonian soldiers arrested three people and subsequently murdered them. 176: 12229: 12037: 11661: 11505: 11106: 10897: 10787: 10755: 10638: 10320:

Cameroon: Ambazonia leaders endorse Swiss-led dialogue to solve Anglophone crisis

10239: 10169: 10138: 10119: 10085: 10066: 10035: 10004: 9973: 9954: 9898: 9741: 9698: 9604: 9598:

CHRDA publishes shocking list of military atrocities in Cameroon's NW, SW regions

9585: 9578: 9563: 9532: 9501: 9482: 9463: 9432: 9413: 9292: 9269:

I Traveled Deep Into Conflict to Bury My Grandfather. I Returned Slightly Charmed

9222: 9203: 7959:"Cameroon Deploys Military to Troubled Regions for African Football Championship" 7674: 6733: 6606: 6280: 6246: 6174: 5756: 5737: 5718: 5699: 5680: 5661: 5642: 5611: 5592: 5573: 5554: 5535: 5516: 5497: 5478: 5459: 5440: 5421: 5402: 5380: 5361: 5342: 5323: 5304: 5285: 5266: 5247: 5228: 5209: 5190: 5171: 5152: 5133: 5114: 5095: 5052:"Cameroon on Brink of Civil War as English Speakers Recount 'Unbearable' Horrors" 4965: 4946: 4927: 4896: 4877: 4858: 4839: 4820: 4801: 4782: 4763: 4744: 4725: 4706: 4687: 4665: 4646: 4622: 4603: 4596: 4584: 4565: 4516: 4497: 4490: 4478: 4459: 4437: 4418: 4399: 4380: 4361: 4342: 4323: 4304: 4285: 4233: 4214: 4207: 4188: 4169: 4150: 4128: 4109: 4090: 4071: 4052: 4021: 3972: 3881: 3862: 3672: 3387:, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 31 January 2001. Accessed 10 May 2019. 3343: 2744: 2618: 2599: 2539: 2236: 2215: 2178: 2083: 1947: 1795: 1489: 1290: 1077: 852: 836: 729: 652: 585: 526: 479: 201: 8355:"Cameroun: des soldats libèrent une sénatrice otage de séparatistes anglophones" 7068:

Soldier, 17 armed separatists killed in clashes in Cameroon's restive NW regions

4103:

After Days of Sporadic Gun Shots In Mamfe: Relative Calm Returns, Massive Exodus

4015:

Cameroon separatists kill at least two gendarmes as Anglophone dispute escalates

3895:"Cameroon is on edge after security forces opened fire on Anglophone protesters" 3384: 2406:

said that 1.3 million people in the Anglophone regions needed humanitarian aid.

2272:

applied to join the military, including hundreds of former separatist fighters.

12157: 11890: 11885: 11697: 11691: 11679: 11623: 10999: 10982: 10946: 10907: 10474: 10469: 10414: 9495:

Biya appoints new Batibo DO, sacks runaway administrators in Anglophone regions

7488:

Separatists disrupt regional elections in Cameroon's restive Anglophone regions

7386:

Cameroon: Anglophone refugees celebrate 'Ambazonia independence day' in Nigeria

7174:"More than 60 abducted civilians freed in Cameroon's restive Anglophone region" 6594: 6144:

Ambazonia Separatist Leaders Give Gov't Ultimatum To Present Detained Prisoners

5636:

Cameroon: Ambazonia separatists impose 'ten-day lockdown' on Anglophone regions

3575:"Anglophone Cameroon Common Law Lawyers Protest – Contra Nocendi International" 2438: 2194: 1958: 1570: 1416: 1412: 1358: 1259: 1201: 1058: 740: 8646:"Nord-Ouest: 6 personnes kidnappées par des combattants séparatistes à Buabua" 8623:"Cameroon Separatists Killed and Captured in Days of Fighting Military Forces" 7299:

Cameroon: Security officials in Bamenda launch operation to protect population

6583:

Cameroon: Women's Day explosion leaves soldier dead, others injured in Bamenda

6535:

Cameroon's Anglophone regions hit by violence during partial legislative polls

3242: 2976:"Sako: Our quest for Federal Republic of Ambazonia is of no threat to Nigeria" 2491:

has said that the crisis can be solved by turning Cameroon into a federation.

747:

on 20 May 1972, a new constitution was adopted in Cameroon which replaced the

12345: 12315: 12116: 12098: 12054: 11946: 11709: 11685: 11193: 11004: 10902: 10568: 10479: 10426: 8447:"Amba Commander No Pity kills sub-lieutenant, 8 others in a Noun border post" 7287:

Cameroon: Late Amba 'General Mad Dog' killed over 100 in NW region – Military

6679:

SOCADEF Extends COVID-19 Temporary Ceasefire, Says Conflict Must Be Qualified

6156:

Cameroon: Ambazonia leaders call for another 'lockdown' in Anglophone regions

5336:

Soldiers VS Ambazonia Fighters : The Struggle to Break The Bangolan Wall

5063: 2523: 2515: 2483: 2015: 1919: 1889: 1193: 892: 888: 752: 710: 656: 8793:"Cameroon Says Rebel Attacks Intensify to Disrupt March 12 Senate Elections" 7596:

Chan 2021: Explosions at Limbe stadium days before Tanzania opener – Reports

7080:

Cameroon: Gunshots rock Buea as Paul Tasong continues reconstruction mission

6936:

At least 5 soldiers killed in ambush in Cameroon's restive Anglophone region

6782:

Cameroon: Another personality of SW region murdered by alleged Amba fighters

6329:

Cameroon: Lebialem traditional rulers disown Ambazonia warlord Field Marshal

4247:"Ambazonia: Nigeria Hands over 47 Asylum-seekers to Cameroonian Authorities" 4144:

Anglophone Crisis – Seven military personnel murdered in December – ICG says

3695:"The Government Just Banned SCNC and Consortium ‹ The Standard Tribune" 3336: 3074:"Another attack in Cameroon's South West over land leaves more than 30 dead" 2634:

Cameroon sees more vigilante groups against insecurity in Anglophone regions

1984:

in Bafut. In Ngokuv, unknown casualies after the Bui Unity Warriors fired a

1654:, in which 17 separatists and at least one Cameroonian soldier were killed. 701: 11251: 8871:"Anglophone Crisis: Military raid leaves six dead, several injured in Mamu" 7572:

Cameroon: At least five killed in suspected separatist attack in restive NW

6947: 6829:

Cameroon:Human Rights Watch frowns at maltreatment of sick Ambazonia leader

6667:

Cameroon's Separatists Relaunch Attacks to Reject State Reconstruction Plan

6211:

Seven Cameroonian soldiers injured in accident in restive Anglophone region

5991:

Cameroon War Victims: Casualty Figures High Because Fighters Are Well Armed

5624:

Cameroon: vionlence, gunshots, ghost towns engulf parts of Anglophone towns

5373: 3937:"Several killed in Cameroon as anglophones declare 'independent Ambazonia'" 3605:"(True or False?) Two Anglophone lawyers beaten up in Buea – StopBlaBlaCam" 2302: 1676: 1651: 1559: 1370: 1182: 1152: 1120: 644: 180: 10332: 7215:

Cameroon Says Former Separatist Fighters Escaping From Disarmament Centers

6571:

Anglophone separatists kill five soldiers, four civilians in west Cameroon

5901:

Cameroon:Residence of Fundong Mayor burnt by suspected separatist fighters

5793:

Thursday's Incidents In Wum And Nkambe Central; Casualties You Should Know

5510:

Cameroon: Mystery surrounds 'reported death of Ambazonia's Field Marshall'

2719:

Briefing: Cameroon's intensifying conflict and what it means for civilians

1914:

On May 29, separatist forces invaded the villages of Obonyi and Kajifu in

1338:

On 31 March, various Ambazonian independence movements agreed to form the

1042:, apparently looking to exchange him for imprisoned separatist activists. 12325: 12320: 11870: 11644: 11399: 10394: 9723:

Cameroon: Human Rights Watch accuses Ambazonia separatists of kidnappings

9368:

Death by a thousand cuts: Cameroon struggles in fight against separatists

8469:"Five military police killed in western Cameroon, says regional governor" 7437:

Cameroon: Notorious separatist fighter "General" Ayeke killed in Lebialem

6262:

Cameroon: Paul Biya convenes national dialogue to solve Anglophone crisis

5415:

Cameroon: infighting from 'Ambazonia armed groups' leaves at least 5 dead

4640:'This is a genocide': villages burn as war rages in blood-soaked Cameroon 3875:

Suspected separatist bomb wounds 3 police in Cameroon's Anglophone region

2442:

Anglophone Cameroonian expats marching in support of the Ambazonian cause

2342: 1981: 1867: 1761: 1597:, despite the fact that he was immunocompromised and the risk of getting 1327: 1023: 1012: 974: 832: 828: 675: 668: 640: 9927:"Cameroon: Separatist Abuses in Anglophone Regions | Human Rights Watch" 9447:, Council on Foreign Relations, 3 January 2019. Accessed 5 January 2019. 9237:"Cameroon Yet to Build Planned Rehab Centers for ex-Boko Haram Fighters" 9011:"Local Official: Gunmen Kill at Least 20 in Pre-Dawn Attack in Cameroon" 8403:"MINDEF says forces have freed Senator Regina Mundi, ADF Says otherwise" 8150:"Cameroon: Gunshot battle in the university of Bamenda Disrupts Studies" 7500:

Cameroon: CPDM Councillor shot dead in police/Amba confrontation in Momo

6758:

Cameroon Military Denies Civilian Deaths in 'Successful' Raids on Rebels

5374:

Anglophone crisis: Cameroon separatists 'bomb' military moto for Kembong

1222:

operation to incite Cameroonian Francophones. In Kembong, just south of

11941: 10050:, World Politics Review, 22 September 2020. Accessed 23 September 2020. 10048:

Political Infighting Could Obstruct a Nascent Peace Process in Cameroon

10017:

Cameroon crisis threatens wildlife as thousands flee to protected areas

9545:

Cameroon Recruits Apply for Elite Unit to Fight Separatists, Boko Haram

8845:"Cameroon Separatists Stage Attack Near French-Speaking City of Douala" 8311:"Cameroon Separatist Fighters, Ambazonian Boys Invade Nigeria, Kill 20" 7263:

Civilians Accuse Military of Brutality in Cameroon's Anglophone Regions

6794:

Two civilians killed in tribal violence in Cameroon's Anglophone region

6305:

Cameroon's security forces repel separatists' attack on gov't officials

5949:

Cameroon:Paul Biya ready for dialogue to end Anglophone crisis, PM says

5829:

Federalists Meet Restorationists, Which Group Will Perform The Osmosis?

3924:

Cameroon: Anglophone Crisis – Dialogue Remains the Only Viable Solution

2747:, Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Africa (CHRDA), 3 June 2019. 2223: 1989: 1878: 1219: 1206: 1148: 1026:

headquarters, before being transferred to a maximum security prison in

840: 835:, and Tassang Wilfred, they were protesting against the appointment of 765: 664: 188: 10060:

No elections in Cameroon if Anglophone crisis persists, SDF warns Biya

9216:

Cameroon to recruit 2600 soldiers amidst tension in Anglophone regions

7723:

Cameroon Anglophone Separatists Stage Attack, Release Disturbing Video

7121:"Ahead of peace talks, a who's who of Cameroon's separatist movements" 5853:

Cameroon: Confusion looms as Ambazonia faction maintains Fako lockdown

4510:

Cameroon separatists force army to retreat after face off in Northwest

3056:"Ahead of peace talks, a who's who of Cameroon's separatist movements" 2169:. Numerically and materially disadvantaged, the separatists carry out 1647: 1388:, it was announced that the Anglophone Crisis would be debated at the 1027: 10295: 9504:, Journal du Cameroun, 20 September 2018. Accessed 20 September 2018. 7738:

Five soldiers killed in separatist attack on army outpost in Cameroon

7644:

Cameroon: Ambazonia fighters ambush two soldiers in restive NW Region

7560:

NW region: Communication Delegate, Five Soldiers Killed In IED Attack

7536:

Separatist Leaders Welcome Biya's Military Option, Say They Are Ready

7239:

Cameroon: Heavy gunshots in parts of Bamenda after death of Policeman

6877:

Cameroonian Villagers Flee Military Base at Site of Civilian Massacre

6865:

Cameroon army uncovers explosive devices in restive Anglophone region

6295:, Journal du Cameroun, 20 September 2019. Accessed 23 September 2019. 6283:, Journal du Cameroun, 11 September 2019. Accessed 12 September 2019. 6264:, Journal du Cameroun, 10 September 2019. Accessed 12 September 2019. 6072:

About 30 passengers kidnapped in Cameroon's restive Anglophone region

5089:

Gunfire in Cameroon's anglophone regions deters voters on polling day

4949:, Cameroon News Agency, 28 September 2018. Accessed 24 November 2018. 2918:"Cameroon:Anglophone crisis has spilled over Francophone zones-SDF –" 2488: 2133: 2007: 1939: 1485: 1250: 776: 648: 627: 561: 172: 160: 40: 9141:"Ambazonia rebels control Belegete community, block Nigerian troops" 8057:"CAN 2021 : DES MENACES CONTRE LA DÉLÉGATION TUNISIENNE ?" 7512:

How Cameroons Regional Polls Went Down In Restive Anglophone Regions

7032:

Cameroonian police on high alert following two explosions in capital

6643:

COVID-19: Ambazonia 'Interim Government' President Shuts Down Border

6633:, Cameroon News Agency, 27 November 2020. Accessed 27 November 2020. 6406:, Cameroon News Agency, 19 December 2019. Accessed 19 December 2019. 6274:

Biya's 'dialogue' for Cameroon crisis runs into questions, rejection

5976:

Cameroon:Explosion kills four policemen in restive Anglophone region

5481:, Cameroon News Agency, 31 December 2018. Accessed 31 December 2018. 5364:, Cameroon News Agency, 26 December 2018. Accessed 26 December 2018. 5345:, Cameroon News Agency, 28 December 2018. Accessed 28 December 2018. 5288:, Cameroon News Agency, 25 November 2018. Accessed 28 December 2018. 4279:

Cameroon: Ambazonia leaders appear before judge at military tribunal

4112:, Cameroon News Agency, 15 December 2017. Accessed 24 November 2018. 2854:"Deadly clashes between troops, ADF forces leave Nguti on the brink" 2824:"Cameroon's Anglophone crisis is threatening to spin out of control" 1335:, and injured three gendarmes. This was done in defiance of the IG. 1197: 1107:

Scorched vehicles left behind after clashes in Buea on 11 September.

306: 11767: 11488: 11240: 10633: 10283: 10113:

Cameroon: Maurice Kamto announces nationwide protests on 26 January

10079:

Cameroon: SDF suspects Biya regime of sponsoring Ambazonia fighters

9692:

Schools Fail to Open in Cameroon's Restive English-speaking Regions

9286:

Cameroon: I spent a week embedded with Anglophone armed separatists

8998:

Investigation: How Nacho killings unfolded, ADF alleged involvement

8897:"Cameroon Separatist Fighters Kidnap 30 Women Near Nigerian Border" 6549:, Journal du Cameroun, 18 February 2020. Accessed 18 February 2020. 6525:, Cameroon News Agency, 9 February 2020. Accessed 11 February 2020. 6463:

Cameroon: Suspected Ambazonia boys set ablaze Muyuka's D.O's office

5462:, Journal du Cameroun, 31 December 2018. Accessed 31 December 2018. 5443:, Journal du Cameroun, 21 December 2018. Accessed 21 December 2018. 5424:, Journal du Cameroun, 16 December 2018. Accessed 16 December 2018. 5355:

The Bangourain Attack: A Long Walk Towards Peace, Shaming The Devil

5326:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 November 2018. Accessed 29 November 2018. 5298:

Cameroon: Traffic paralysed on Buea-Kumba road after heavy gunshots

5250:, Journal du Cameroun, 13 November 2018. Accessed 13 November 2018. 5222:

At least 15 killed in Cameroon in clashes between army, separatists

4861:, Journal du Cameroun, 6 September 2018. Accessed 7 September 2018. 4842:, Journal du Cameroun, 4 September 2018. Accessed 4 September 2018. 4326:, Cameroon News Agency, 29 January 2018. Accessed 24 November 2018. 3547: 3457:"Trial over Cameroon's Anglophone protests exposes national divide" 3446:, The New Humanitarian, 19 February 2007. Accessed 27 October 2019. 3022:"Cameroon: Government is secretly negotiating with the Ambazonians" 2621:, Journal du Cameroun, 31 December 2018. Accessed 31 December 2018. 2276: 2198: 2145:

Cameroonian soldiers during a skirmish against Ambazonian fighters.

2102: 1893: 1833: 1825: 1598: 1566: 1478: 1267: 1243: 839:

judges in the Anglophone regions. They saw this as threatening the

553: 148: 99: 8819:"Cameroun-Moungo : quatre morts dans une attaque séparatiste" 7410:

Cameroon: 11 new civilians freed from Amba captivity in restive SW

6619:

Cameroon: UN reacts to ceasefire declared by Ambazonia armed group

6547:

Cameroon: UN wants punishment for perpetrators of Ngarbuh killings

6382:, Cameroon News Agency, 1 December 2019. Accessed 1 December 2019. 6380:

Attack On Camair-Co Passenger Plane Shows Nothing Is Under Control

5913:

Cameroon: SDF Chairman Ni John Fru Ndi released after brief kidnap

5740:, National Telegraph, 11 February 2019. Accessed 12 February 2019. 5405:, Cameroon News Agency, 7 December 2018. Accessed 7 December 2018. 5021:"Rights groups call for probe into protesters' deaths in Cameroon" 4288:, Journal du Cameroun, 28 November 2018. Accessed 13 January 2019. 3487:"Rights groups call for probe into protesters' deaths in Cameroon" 2721:, The New Humanitarian, 6 February 2020. Accessed 8 February 2020. 2365:

out of a total death toll of 1,850. In January the same year, the

10141:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 January 2019. Accessed 28 January 2019. 10122:, Journal du Cameroun, 16 January 2019. Accessed 28 January 2019. 10069:, Journal du Cameroun, 22 January 2019. Accessed 28 January 2019. 7476:

Cameroon: Ambazonia General who staged Kumba school attack killed

7095:

Anglophone Cameroon: Buea near normal, while Bamenda a ghost town

6898: 6853:

COVID-19, Separatist Fighting, Overshadow Cameroon's National Day

6815: 6691:

Cameroon Separatists Kill Chiefs, Mayors for Opposing Their Plans

6523:

Low Turnout Frustrates Election In North West, South West Regions

6513:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 January 2020. Accessed 27 January 2020. 6439:, Journal du Cameroun, 31 December 2019. Accessed 1 January 2019. 6433:, Journal du Cameroun, 31 December 2019. Accessed 1 January 2019. 6331:, Journal du Cameroun, 15 October 2019. Accessed 15 October 2019. 6317:

Cameroon Separatists Celebrate 'Independence' as Dialogue is Held

6293:

Cameroon: Matomba submits pre-dialogue proposals to PM Dion Ngute

5721:, Journal du Cameroun, 6 February 2019. Accessed 6 February 2019. 5712:

Cameroon: Security forces kill two separatist fighters in Mbengwi

5702:, Journal du Cameroun, 6 February 2019. Accessed 6 February 2019. 5683:, Journal du Cameroun, 5 February 2019. Accessed 5 February 2019. 5664:, Journal du Cameroun, 4 February 2019. Accessed 4 February 2019. 5645:, Journal du Cameroun, 4 February 2019. Accessed 4 February 2019. 5626:, Journal du Cameroun, 10 January 2019. Accessed 10 January 2019. 5595:, Journal du Cameroun, 24 January 2019. Accessed 24 January 2019. 5307:, Journal du Cameroun, 3 December 2018. Accessed 3 December 2018. 5193:, Journal du Cameroun, 12 October 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. 5136:, Journal du Cameroun, 18 October 2018. Accessed 19 October 2018. 5117:, Journal du Cameroun, 12 October 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. 4890:

Cameroon:Three kidnapped as separatist burn police station in Oku

4833:

Cameroon:four separatists killed, three soldiers in Muyuka battle

4402:, Journal du Cameroun, 21 February 2018. Accessed 25 August 2018. 4336:

Gunmen cross from Nigeria, attack Cameroon border post: witnesses

3755:"Anglophone protests: More pressure from United States' congress" 2778:

Violence in Cameroon's Anglophone crisis takes high civilian toll

2612:

Cameroon:Anglophone crisis has spilled over Francophone zones-SDF

2602:, Daily News Cameroon, 14 September 2017. Accessed 19 April 2018. 2371: 1829: 1431: 1362: 1298: 1188:

In the beginning of November, 79 students and four staff members

937: 844: 797: 785: 660: 603:

Talks mediated by Switzerland in 2019 ultimately failed, and the

10038:, Journal du Cameroun, 14 December 2018. Accessed 27 March 2019. 9988:, Voice of America, 2 September 2020. Accessed 3 September 2020. 9828:, Cameroon News Agency, 29 March 2019. Accessed 29 October 2019. 9744:, The Christian Post, 6 December 2018. Accessed 6 December 2018. 9643:, Cameroon News Agency, 4 October 2020. Accessed 4 October 2020. 9476:

Cameroon mayor warns Buea businesses over ghost towns on Mondays

8922:"Women kidnapped by separatists in anglophone Cameroon released" 6984:

Cameroon:Ambazonia fighters kill gendarmerie commander in Njikwa

6487:

Cameroon Anglophone Villagers Attack Separatist Camps Over Abuse

6394:, Voice of America, 16 December 2019. Accessed 18 December 2019. 5925:

In Pictures: Soldiers Burn Over 10 House Cardinal Tumi's Village

5750:

Cameroon: Soldiers rescue passengers freed along Buea-Kumba road

5491:

Cameroon: NW Governor attacked by Ambazonia fighters on New Year

4940:

Ambazonia Fighters Hoist Flags In Abandoned DO, Police Buildings

4795:

Cameroon army kills 12 separatists in troubled Anglophone region

4307:, Cameroon News Agency, 4 February 2018. Accessed 19 April 2018. 4254: 4036:, Voice of America, 30 November 2017. Accessed 17 November 2019. 3308:"Cameroon's Anglophone war, Part 1: A rifle as the only way out" 3006:

Cameroon holds first peace talks with main separatist insurgents

2949:"Cameroon, Nigeria Announce Effort to Jointly Fight Separatists" 2253: 2055:

On May 1, separatist fighters attacked a checkpoint in Matouke,

1682:

On 14 August, villagers killed 17 separatist fighters in Nguti,

10153:, Journal du Cameroun, 25 August 2020. Accessed 26 August 2020. 10029:

Cameroon's Defence minister says "terrorists" will not be freed

9986:

Cameroon Says Conflict Destroying Anglophone Regions' Economies

9901:, Journal du Cameroun, 23 August 2018. Accessed 23 August 2018. 9850:

Cameroon: The tense relationship between Fulani and anglophones

9790:'We are in a war': Cameroon unrest confronted by army offensive 9682:, Journal du Cameroun, 3 January 2019. Accessed 3 January 2019. 9665:

Cameroon Separatists Allow Schools to Reopen After 3 to 5 Years

9631:, Journal du Cameroun, 1 October 2020. Accessed 2 October 2020. 9607:, Journal du Cameroun, 22 August 2018. Accessed 22 August 2018. 9535:, Journal du Cameroun, 22 August 2018. Accessed 22 August 2018. 9271:, Fodors Travel, 23 September 2020. Accessed 24 September 2020. 7777:

Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Cameroon Are Joining Forces

7668:

Bui: Ambazonia Fighters Launch IEDs Targeting Government Forces

7374:

Separatist Flag Raised In Buea, Celebration In Lebialem, Others

7044:

Small Homemade Bomb Explodes in Cameroon Capital, Official Says

6477:, Journal du Cameroun, 6 January 2020. Accessed 6 January 2020. 6465:, Journal du Cameroun, 3 January 2019. Accessed 3 January 2019. 6453:, Journal du Cameroun, 3 January 2019. Accessed 3 January 2019. 6225:, Journal du Cameroun, 20 August 2019. Accessed 20 August 2019. 6201:, Journal du Cameroun, 14 August 2019. Accessed 14 August 2019. 6132:

Cameroon: Tortured Mancho Bibixy, Ambazonia detainees not dead!

6120:

Cameroon: Anglophone detainees missing after Kondengui protests

6108:

Cameroon:Calm returns to Buea prison after protest by prisoners

5576:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 January 2019. Accessed 7 January 2019. 5557:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 January 2019. Accessed 7 January 2019. 5538:, Journal du Cameroun, 4 January 2018. Accessed 4 January 2018. 5519:, Journal du Cameroun, 2 January 2019. Accessed 2 January 2019. 5500:, Journal du Cameroun, 1 January 2019. Accessed 1 January 2019. 4995:"AFRICAN POWDER KEG: CAMEROONIAN CONFLICT AND AFRICAN SECURITY" 4911:, Journal du Cameroun, 11 September 2018. Accessed 8 July 2019. 4823:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 August 2018. Accessed 29 August 2018. 4804:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 August 2018. Accessed 27 August 2018. 4785:, Journal du Cameroun, 16 August 2018. Accessed 16 August 2018. 4597:

Cameroon: Killings, Kidnappings Mars National Day Celebrations

4364:, Journal du Cameroun, 12 February 2018. Accessed 16 July 2018. 2646:

Cameroon Chiefs Create Militias for Protection from Separatists

2519: 2403: 2394: 2318: 2202: 2193:

fundraising campaigns (including the introduction of their own

2174: 2068: 2064: 2023: 1985: 1974: 1931: 1915: 1773: 1704: 1632: 1628: 1617: 1420: 1302: 1286: 1139: 1135: 1131:. As a response, the Cameroonian Army burned down the village. 1112: 1085: 1081: 1069: 1065: 683: 597: 9566:, Voice of America, 8 November 2018. Accessed 9 November 2018. 9000:, Cameroon News Agency, July 21, 2023. Accessed July 21, 2023. 8381:"Cameroon's Military Frees Senator, Other Separatist Hostages" 7584:

Cameroon: Six killed in suspected separatist attack in Matazem

7425:

12 separatists killed in clash in Cameroon's Anglophone region

6948:

Justice for Wazizi: How Cameroon journalist, Samuel Wazizi die

6681:, Cameroon News Agency, 11 April 2020. Accessed 11 April 2020. 6645:, Cameroon News Agency, 29 March 2020. Accessed 30 March 2020. 6501:, Voice of America, 22 January 2020. Accessed 23 January 2020. 6370:, The East African, 2 December 2019. Accessed 5 December 2019. 6368:

Passenger plane shot at as violence escalates in west Cameroon

6358:, Voice of America, 18 October 2019. Accessed 18 October 2019. 6235:

Thousands Flee Violence in Cameroon's English-Speaking Regions

5831:, Cameroon News Agency, 29 March 2019. Accessed 10 April 2019. 5795:, Cameroon News Agency, 16 March 2019. Accessed 18 March 2019. 5674:

Cameroon:Gunshots, blackout open day one of Ambazonia lockdown

4462:, Journal du Cameroun, 20 March 2018. Accessed 25 August 2018. 4227:

Cameroon separatist leader detained in Nigeria as unrest grows

10172:, Journal du Cameroun, 22 April 2019. Accessed 22 April 2019. 10088:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 March 2019. Accessed 27 March 2019. 9863:"Cameroon separatists claim to have abducted missing soldier" 9363: 9361: 8491:"This is how the Njiptapon attack which left 9 dead unfolded" 8221:"Amba Fighters Set Houses Ablaze In Village In Donga Mantung" 7849:

Cameroon Military Says Rebels Turning to IEDs as Numbers Fall

7400:, International Crisis Group, OCt 2020. Accessed 28 Nov 2020. 7090: 7088: 6748:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 April 2020. Accessed 27 April 2020. 6715:

3 officials kidnapped in Cameroon's restive Anglophone region

6657:, Journal du Cameroun, 30 March 2020. Accessed 30 March 2020. 6621:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 March 2020. Accessed 27 March 2020. 6177:, Journal du Cameroun, 1 August 2019. Accessed 1 August 2019. 6060:

7 separatists killed in Cameroon's troubled Anglophone region

5915:, Journal du Cameroun, 27 April 2019. Accessed 27 April 2019. 5891:, Journal du Cameroun, 16 April 2019. Accessed 17 April 2019. 5855:, Journal du Cameroun, 10 April 2019. Accessed 10 April 2019. 5759:, Journal du Cameroun, 20 March 2019. Accessed 20 March 2019. 5655:

Cameroon: Ambazonia activists divided over 'ten-day lockdown'

5260:

25 killed in clashes in English-speaking Cameroon – officials

5155:, Washington Post, 25 October 2018. Accessed 25 October 2018. 4481:, Journal du Cameroun, 8 March 2018. Accessed 25 August 2018. 4453:

Security forces rescue three hostages from Ambazonia fighters

4440:, Cameroon Postline, 9 March 2018. Accessed 1 September 2018. 3432:

Sovereignty in the Making: The Case of Anglophone Cameroon. 2

2530:

called for a reintroduction of a federal system in Cameroon.

2189: 2019: 1966: 1901: 1860: 1636: 1547: 1294: 1223: 1092: 989: 978: 10183:"5 years of violent civil war in Cameroon – DW – 10/01/2021" 9802:

Separatists have killed 84 troops since Sept. 2017: Cameroon

9397:, Cameroon News Agency, Sep 22, 2021. Accessed Sep 22, 2021. 8767:"Nineteen athletes wounded after blasts at race in Cameroon" 8123:"Cameroon government says seven killed in separatist ambush" 7622:, International Crisis Group, Feb 2021. Accessed 5 Mar 2020. 7311:

Soldiers, Police Extort Civilians In Operation Bamenda Clean

6489:, Voice of America, 8 January 2020. Accessed 8 January 2020. 6319:, Voice of America, 2 October 2019. Accessed 2 October 2019. 6237:, Voice of America, 26 August 2019. Accessed 26 August 2019. 6146:, Cameroon News Agency, 28 July 2019. Accessed 28 July 2019. 5841:

Cameroon: Looming Ambazonia lockdown sparks exodus from Buea

5396:

The Onslaught In Kumbo Continues-Analysis of Radio Evangelum

5383:, BBC (Pidgin), 30 November 2018. Accessed 30 November 2018. 5212:, Deutsche Welle, 7 November 2018. Accessed 8 November 2018. 5165:

Separatists kidnap 78 pupils in Cameroon's restive northwest

5146:

Fighting between Cameroon military, separatists kills 'many'

4871:

Cameroon soldiers kill 15 suspected separatists in NW region

4317:

Tension In Bangem, Administrative Authorities Held By Gunmen

4153:, Cameroon Concord, 6 January 2018. Accessed 25 August 2018. 4131:, Voice of America, 9 December 2017. Accessed 21 April 2018. 4093:, Voice of America, 7 December 2017. Accessed 21 April 2018. 3986:"Four Cameroon soldiers killed in restive Anglophone region" 3814:

Opinion: US failure in Afghanistan: What lessons for Africa?

3543:"What you need to know about Cameroon's Anglophone protests" 2893:"Picking a Fight: The Rise of Armed Separatists in Cameroon" 2503: 1744:

In mid-January, separatists moved to sabotage the postponed

9976:, Journal du Cameroun, 19 July 2018. Accessed 18 July 2018. 9957:, Journal du Cameroon, 18 June 2018. Accessed 18 June 2018. 9840:, CrisisGroup, 26 September 2019. Accessed 28 October 2019. 9725:, Journal du Cameroun, 13 July 2019. Accessed 13 July 2019. 9713:, Journal du Cameroun, 17 July 2019. Accessed 17 July 2019. 9711:

Cameroon anglophones 'forced to fund' secessionist conflict

9619:, Journal du Cameroun, 30 July 2019. Accessed 30 July 2019. 9435:, Journal du Cameroun, 2 April 2019. Accessed 2 April 2019. 9382: 8198:"Separatists illegally holding Anti-Amba Protesters in Oku" 7340:, Cameroon News Agency, 22 Sep 2020. Accessed Seo 24, 2020. 6597:, Trend News Agency, 22 March 2020. Accessed 22 March 2020. 6585:, Journal du Cameroun, 9 March 2020. Accessed 9 March 2020. 6537:, The Africa Report, 26 March 2020. Accessed 27 March 2020. 6307:, XinhuaNet, 21 September 2019. Accessed 21 September 2019. 6158:, Journal du Cameroun, 30 July 2019. Accessed 30 July 2019. 6134:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 July 2019. Accessed 29 July 2019. 6122:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 July 2019. Accessed 29 July 2019. 6110:, Journal du Cameroun, 24 July 2019. Accessed 24 July 2019. 6098:, Journal du Cameroun, 17 July 2019. Accessed 17 July 2019. 6050:, Journal du Cameroun, 10 July 2019. Accessed 10 July 2019. 6026:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 June 2019. Accessed 29 June 2019. 5963:, Journal du Cameroun, 12 June 2019. Accessed 12 June 2019. 5927:, Cameroon News Agency, 30 April 2019. Accessed 1 May 2019. 5903:, Journal du Cameroun, 25 April 2019. Accessed 8 July 2019. 5843:, Journal du Cameroun, 4 April 2019. Accessed 4 April 2019. 5807:, Journal du Cameroun, 2 April 2019. Accessed 2 April 2019. 5783:, Journal du Cameroun, 23 March 2019. Accessed 7 July 2019. 5771:, Journal du Cameroun, 20 March 2019. Accessed 7 July 2019. 5614:, Journal du Cameroun, 1 March 2019. Accessed 1 March 2019. 5605:

Cameroon: Nigerian Court orders return of Ambazonia leaders

5279:

Soldiers Use 'Chemicals' to Kill Fighters,Civilians in Bali

4766:, Journal du Cameroun, 31 July 2018. Accessed 31 July 2018. 4709:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 June 2018. Accessed 29 June 2018. 4668:, Journal du Cameroun, 18 June 2018. Accessed 23 June 2018. 3385:

March 1997 incidents in the north-west province CMR36066.E'

1841: 1810: 1515: 1096: 967: 848: 9792:, Eyewitness News, 8 February 2018. Accessed 23 July 2019. 9766:

Cameroon Says Separatists Disguised as Military Kill, Loot

9516:, Cameroon News Agency, 22 Oct 2020. Accessed 22 Oct 2020. 9395:

MINDEF Admits Strategy Against Ambazonia Forces Has Failed

9358: 7803:, Cameroon News Agency, 22 Apr 2021. Accessed 22 Apr 2021. 7772: 7770: 7229:, Cameroon News Agency, 19 Aug 2020. Accessed 24 Aug 2020. 7205:, Cameroon News Agency, 29 Aug 2020. Accessed 30 Aug 2020. 7163:, Cameroon News Agency, 13 Oct 2020. Accessed 14 Oct 2020. 7136:, Cameroon News Agency, 15 Jul 2020. Accessed 15 Jul 2020. 7097:, The African Report, 25 June 2020. Accessed 26 June 2020. 7085: 6746:

Cameroon: One killed in military raid in North West region

6693:, Voice of America, 22 April 2020. Accessed 25 April 2020. 6392:

Cameroon Separatists Kidnap Candidates to Protest Election

6086:, XinhuaNet, 15 July 2019. Accessed 15 July 2019. (French) 5978:, Journal du Cameroun, 16 June 2019. Accessed 8 July 2019. 5937:

Cameroon: UN Security Council to discuss Anglophone crisis

5174:, WSFA 12 News, 5 November 2018. Accessed 5 November 2018. 3725:"JUST IN: Internet Blocked in Bamenda Regions of Cameroon" 3016: 3014: 10266:, Human Rights Watch, 28 June 2019. Accessed 8 July 2019. 10019:, African Arguments, 12 July 2018. Accessed 12 July 2018. 9852:, The Africa Report, 21 July 2020. Accessed 22 July 2020. 9701:, Reliefweb, 4 September 2018. Accessed 4 September 2018. 9370:, African Arguments, Aug 24, 2021. Accessed Aug 24, 2021. 9355:, Journal du Cameroun, 24 Nov 2020. Accessed 24 Nov 2020. 7813:

Internal crisis threatens IPOB, Cameroon separatist union

7764:, Cameroon News Agency, 9 Apr 2021. Accessed 10 Apr 2021. 7646:, Journal du Cameroun, 26 Feb 2021. Accessed 26 Feb 2021. 7610:, Journal du Cameroun, 15 Jan 2020. Accessed 16 Jan 2020. 7478:, Journal du Cameroun, 29 Oct 2020. Accessed 29 Oct 2020. 7466:, Journal du Cameroun, 30 Oct 2020. Accessed 30 Oct 2020. 7439:, Journal du Cameroun, 13 Oct 2020. Accessed 13 Oct 2020. 7412:, Journal du Cameroun, 19 Oct 2020. Accessed 19 Oct 2020. 7109:, Journal du Cameroun, 3 July 2020. Accessed 3 July 2020. 7082:, Journal du Cameroun, 3 July 2020. Accessed 3 July 2020. 7070:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 July 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. 6986:, Journal du Cameroun, 5 June 2020. Accessed 5 June 2020. 6926:, Journal du Cameroun, 5 June 2020. Accessed 5 June 2020. 6831:, Journal du Cameroun, 25 May 2020. Accessed 25 May 2020. 6784:, Journal du Cameroun, 11 May 2020. Accessed 11 May 2020. 6475:

Cameroon:'Ambazonia General' killed by peers in SW Region

6418:, ReliefWeb, 23 December 2019. Accessed 24 December 2019. 6223:

Cameroon: Detained Ambazonia leaders handed life sentence

6038:, Journal du Cameroun, 8 July 2019. Accessed 8 July 2019. 6024:

Cameroon: Kidnapped SDF Chairman Ni John Fru Ndi released

4968:, Quartz Africa, 2 October 2018. Accessed 3 October 2018. 4728:, Journal du Cameroun, 1 July 2018. Accessed 2 July 2018. 4568:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 May 2018. Accessed 20 June 2018. 4491:

Cameroon frees European hostages taken in Anglophone area

4393:

Head teacher slaughtered by suspected separatists in Etam

4191:, Daily Nation, 20 February 2018. Accessed 22 April 2018. 4065:

Cameroon government 'declares war' on secessionist rebels

3635:"Cameroon teachers, lawyers strike in battle for English" 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2714: 2712: 1234: 1124: 1091:

In mid-June, Ambazonian forces started a blockade of the

9816:, Relief Web, 10 October 2018. Accessed 7 November 2018. 9768:, Voice of America, Jul 15, 2021. Accessed Jul 15, 2021. 9756:, Voice of America, 22 July 2019. Accessed 23 July 2019. 8513:"Bui: Military says 5 Ambazonia fighters killed in raid" 7677:, Cameroon News Agency, 5 Mar 2021. Accessed 5 Mar 2021. 7562:, Cameroon News Agency, 6 Jan 2020. Accessed 6 Jan 2020. 7550:, Cameroon News Agency, 1 Jan 2021. Accessed 5 Jan 2020. 7538:, Cameroon News Agency, 4 Jan 2021. Accessed 5 Jan 2021. 7514:, Cameroon News Agency, 6 Dec 2020. Accessed 6 Dec 2020. 7376:, Cameroon News Agency, 1 Oct 2020. Accessed 1 Oct 2020. 7313:, Cameroon News Agency, 8 Sep 2020. Accessed 9 Sep 2020. 7046:, The New York Times, 2 July 2020. Accessed 3 July 2020. 7010:, Voice of America, 18 June 2020. Accessed 18 June 2020. 6669:, Voice of America, 9 April 2020. Accessed 9 April 2020. 6561:, Human Rights Watch, 26 Feb 2021. Accessed 26 Feb 2021. 5993:, Voice of America, 19 June 2019. Accessed 19 June 2019. 5769:

Cameroon: At least 15 Buea University students kidnapped

5098:, The Guardian, 7 October 2018. Accessed 8 October 2018. 4690:, Voice of America, 27 June 2018. Accessed 27 June 2018. 4659:

Hold up on Kumba-Buea highway leaves passengers stranded

4274: 4272: 4084:

Cameroon's Military Moves In on Separatist-held Villages

2067:, the economic capital of Cameroon. In Mamu near Ekona, 1852:

decided to cancel the post-game recovery session of the

1477:

used the occasion to declare himself Paramount Ruler of

10103:, Journal du Cameroun, 8 May 2019. Accessed 8 May 2019. 9281: 9279: 9277: 7767: 7586:, Journal du Cameroun, 8 Jan 2021. Accessed 8 Jan 2021. 7574:, Journal du Cameroun, 6 Jan 2021. Accessed 6 Jan 2021. 7526:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 Dec 2020. Accessed 7 Dec 2020. 7502:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 Dec 2020. Accessed 7 Dec 2020. 7388:, Journal du Cameroun, 2 Oct 2020. Accessed 2 Oct 2020. 7338:

NWSW region: Gov't Forces Kill 11 Civilians In 24 Hours

7301:, Journal du Cameroun, 8 Sep 2020. Accessed 9 Sep 2020. 7289:, Journal du Cameroun, 7 Sep 2020. Accessed 7 Sep 2020. 7241:, Journal du Cameroun, 1 Sep 2020. Accessed 1 Sep 2020. 6960:

Cameroon regime confirms TV anchor's death in detention

6343:, XinhuaNet, 17 October 2019. Accessed 17 October 2019. 6257: 6255: 5971: 5969: 5951:, Journal du Cameroun, 9 May 2019. Accessed 9 May 2019. 5939:, Journal du Cameroun, 5 May 2019. Accessed 5 May 2019. 5317:

At least 30 persons kidnapped in Cameroon's West region

5269:, TRT World, 14 October 2018. Accessed 14 October 2018. 5231:, Reuters, 13 November 2018. Accessed 14 November 2018. 5184:

Cameroon: Principal of PSS Nkwen, three others released

4421:, Janes' 360, 27 February 2018. Accessed 21 April 2018. 4236:. The Guardian, 7 January 2018. Accessed 19 April 2018. 3011: 2636:, XinhuaNet, 15 October 2019. Accessed 15 October 2019. 1809:

The delayed AFCON is scheduled to be held in Limbe and

651:

in 1858, which was later renamed Victoria (present-day

9967:

Cameroon's palm oil, cocoa sectors worst hit by crisis

9667:, Voice of America, Sep 6, 2021. Accessed Sep 6, 2021. 7937:"Cameroon separatists set off bomb in AFCON host city" 7851:, Voice of America, 11 May 2021. Accessed 11 May 2021. 7791:, Sahara Reporters, 21 Jun 2021. Accessed 22 Jun 2021. 7452:

Attackers storm Cameroon school, kill several children

7447: 7445: 7364:, Voice of America, 28 Sep 2020. Accessed 28 Sep 2020. 7217:, Voice of America, 19 Aug 2020. Accessed 28 Aug 2020. 7058:, Voice of America, 2 July 2020. Accessed 3 July 2020. 7008:

Business Reopens Between Southern Cameroon and Nigeria

6998:, Macau Business, 18 June 2020. Accessed 18 June 2020. 6879:, Voice of America, 27 May 2020. Accessed 28 May 2020. 6855:, Voice of America, 20 May 2020. Accessed 21 May 2020. 6437:

Cameroon:Ambazonia leader delivers end of year message

5241:

Cameroon soldiers kill 13 separatist fighters in Binka

5203:

Kidnapped children in Cameroon released without ransom

4981:

Inside Cameroon's bloody war over the English language

4034:

Five Police, Five Soldiers Killed in Cameroon Violence

3966:

Cameroonian troops deploy heavily along Nigeria border

3040: 2877: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2709: 2648:, Voice of America, 19 Oct 2020. Accessed 19 Oct 2020. 1756:

On 9 April, the AGovC formally allied itself with the

11238: 9617:

6000 schools shut down in restive Anglophone Cameroon

9526:

Your future is not in the bushes- Minister Atanga Nji

9514:

We Are Living In A Dilemma Condition In Ndop- Victims

9485:, Africa News, 22 July 2018. Accessed 23 August 2018. 9341:

Cameroon's Separatist Movement Is Going International

8102:"DO, 6 others killed in Ekondo-Titi explosive attack" 7815:, The Sun Nigeria, 25 May 2021. Accessed 25 May 2021. 7275:

Cameroon: Bafoussam – Fallen Police Inspector Honored

6559:

Cameroon: Survivors of Military Assault Await Justice

6351: 6349: 6213:, XinhuaNet, 16 August 2019. Accessed 16 August 2019. 6036:

Cameroon: Corpse of soldier discovered in Manyu river

4519:, Africa News, 27 April 2018. Accessed 27 April 2018. 4269: 3884:, Reuters, 21 September 2017. Accessed 19 April 2018. 3203:

The 'Igbo scare'in the British Cameroons, c. 1945–61.

3146:

The Cameroon Tribune, No. 600, p. 2, 26 December 1996

2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 10254:, United Nations, 13 May 2019. Accessed 8 July 2019. 9547:, Voice of America, 7 Feb 2021. Accessed 7 Feb 2021. 9343:, Foreign Policy, 13 May 2019. Accessed 14 May 2019. 9274: 8974:"Bamboutos SDO raises alert on imminent amba attack" 7779:, Foreign Policy, 20 May 2021. Accessed 20 May 2021. 7725:, Voice of America, 1 May 2021. Accessed 2 May 2021. 7265:, Voice of America, 3 Sep 2020. Accessed 4 Sep 2020. 7148:, Macau Business, 18 Jun 2020. Accessed 18 Jun 2020. 6772:, Jerusalem Post, 10 May 2020. Accessed 10 May 2020. 6760:, Voice of America, 4 May 2020. Accessed 7 May 2020. 6655:

Cameroon: Dozens ambushed by Ambazonia forces in Oku

6499:

Cameroon's Anglophone Separatists Turn to Infighting

6431:

Paul Biya's 2019 end of year message to Cameroonians

6252: 5966: 4530:"Anglophone Crisis: Three soldiers killed in Mbonge" 4374:

France condemns killings in Cameroon, urges dialogue

4345:, Reuters, 25 January 2018. Accessed 28 August 2018. 4172:, Reuters, 20 December 2017. Accessed 21 April 2018. 3926:, AllAfrica, 7 December 2017. Accessed 9 March 2019. 3865:, Quartz, 22 September 2017. Accessed 19 April 2018. 3205:

The Journal of African History 31.2 (1990): 281–293.

2773: 2771: 2769: 2691:"Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis: How to Get to Talks?" 1870:, Southwest Region. The ADF claimed responsibility. 953:

Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front

10096: 10094: 9680:

Cameroon: Armed men chop off fingers of CDC workers

9466:, The Daily Vox, 4 June 2018. Accessed 5 June 2018. 9334: 9264: 9262: 9234: 8286: 7613: 7442: 7420: 7418: 7391: 6974:, Cameroon-Info, 7 June 2020. Accessed 8 June 2020. 6717:, XinhuaNet, 25 April 2020. Accessed 26 April 2020. 6703:

Two traditional leaders reported killed in Cameroon

6249:, BBC, 3 September 2019. Accessed 3 September 2019. 6189:, XinhuaNet, 5 August 2019. Accessed 5 August 2019. 6048:

Cameroon: Two gendarmes killed in restive NW region

5879:, XinhuaNet, 15 April 2019. Accessed 15 April 2019. 5867:, XinhuaNet, 15 April 2019. Accessed 15 April 2019. 4983:, VICE News, 1 October 2018. Accessed 19 June 2019. 4024:, Reuters, 8 November 2017. Accessed 20 April 2018. 2724: 2661:, 114(1), 471–492. doi:10.1080/04597222.2014.871887 2137:

Approximate military situation, as of October 2023.

2089:On November 6, separatist fighters carried out the 2014:announced that it had deployed scores of troops to 10410:Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 9838:Cameroon's Anglophone Dialogue: A Work in Progress 9655:, Deutsche Welle, 4 Jan 2021. Accessed 4 Jan 2021. 9298: 8241: 8218: 8195: 7883: 7881: 7801:Ayaba Calls On Cameroonians To Overthrow Paul Biya 6950:, BBC, 3 June 2020. Accessed 3 June 2020. (Pidgin) 6736:, Bamenda Online, 1 May 2020. Accessed 1 May 2020. 6720: 6346: 5567:Cameroon: Two 'Ambazonia Generals' killed in Mamfe 4649:, The Guardian, 20 May 2018. Accessed 1 June 2018. 4635: 4633: 4631: 4559:Travellers stranded after deadly clashes in Muyuka 3168:DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000): 3001: 2999: 2997: 2980:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News 2664: 2629: 2627: 2370:had been killed. In addition, at least 250 ethnic 2082:. Without claiming responsibility for the attack, 1430:Police forces deploy at Kondengui Central Prison, 947:Streets of Buea on a ghost town day, 30 September. 9948:Cameroon: Anglophone crisis could cost 5,000 jobs 9675: 9673: 8002: 7034:, XinhuaNet, 25 June 2020. Accessed 25 June 2020. 6573:, TRT World, 9 March 2020. Accessed 9 March 2020. 6511:Cameroon: Dreaded Ambazonia General killed in Bui 6492: 6168:Cameroon separatist leader launches hunger strike 6074:, XinhuaNet, 13 July 2019. Accessed 14 July 2019. 6062:, XinhuaNet, 12 July 2019. Accessed 12 July 2019. 4383:, Reuters, 2 February 2018. Accessed 9 July 2018. 3357: 3181:Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) 3172:(3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. 3170:Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon 2766: 2030:, and claimed to have killed 11 separatists. The 1584:Cameroonian soldiers entering a town, April 2020. 1084:and Ekona, and abducted the mayor of the town of 1015:to Cameroon and subsequently arrested, including 709:The British administered the territories through 635:The name "Ambazonia" is taken from Ambas Bay and 266:12,500 troops, 9,000 militia (total size of army) 12343: 10252:Arria-Formula Meeting of the UN Security Council 10091: 9579:Burning Cameroon: Images you're not meant to see 9259: 9206:, Daily Nation, 5 May 2018. Accessed 7 May 2018. 9037:"Separatist gunmen kill at least 20 in Cameroon" 8425:"Government forces kill five civilians in Kumbo" 8169: 8167: 7733: 7731: 7454:, Al Jazeera, 24 Oct 2020. Accessed 24 Oct 2020. 7415: 7333: 7331: 7156: 7154: 7146:Cameroon general says troops kill 24 separatists 6996:Cameroon general says troops kill 24 separatists 6938:, Xinhua, 2 June 2020. Accessed 11 October 2020. 6867:, News Ghana, 25 May 2020. Accessed 27 May 2020. 6843:, News Ghana, 24 May 2020. Accessed 24 May 2020. 6796:, News Ghana, 13 May 2020. Accessed 13 May 2020. 5986: 5984: 5781:Cameroon: Ambazonia fighters erect wall in Bafut 4930:, 14 September 2018. Accessed 16 September 2018. 4921:Cameroon: kidnapped Buea traditional ruler freed 4899:, 10 September 2018. Accessed 12 September 2018. 4880:, 12 September 2018. Accessed 12 September 2018. 4587:, Jane's 360, 21 May 2018. Accessed 22 May 2018. 4182:Who are Cameroon's English-speaking separatists? 4074:, Irin, 4 December 2017. Accessed 21 April 2018. 2510:International reactions to the Anglophone Crisis 1715:commander who was responsible for the massacre. 1469:In September, President Paul Biya announced the 1173:to proper weapons. On 7 October, the day of the 10242:, Taarifa, 12 July 2018. Accessed 12 July 2018. 9807: 9804:, Reuters, 20 June 2018. Accessed 23 July 2019. 9754:Cameroon: Separatist Fighters Occupy 50 Schools 9557:Cameroon Journalist Jailed in Anglophone Unrest 9383:Separatists in Cameroon and Nigeria join forces 9378: 9376: 9089:"Mamfe: Attackers kill, rape and kidnap locals" 8333:"At least 20 die in Akwaya separatist invasion" 7893: 7878: 7277:, AllAfrica, 21 Sep 2020. Accessed 28 Sep 2020. 5391: 5389: 5108:Cameroon:Two persons killed for voting in Kumba 4976: 4974: 4719:Muea in lockdown as soldiers battle separatists 4700:Panic grips Buea as soldiers battle separatists 4628: 4606:, allAfrica, 21 May 2018. Accessed 21 May 2018. 4355:Local chief murdered in Mundemba by separatists 4239: 4217:, BBC, 4 October 2018. Accessed 4 October 2018. 3444:Secessionist minority Anglophone group silenced 3337:Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation website 2994: 2624: 2295:Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Africa 1802:, which was set to host matches of the delayed 11161:Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus 9826:Kumbo Diocese Documents 385 Deaths In 7 Months 9670: 8099: 6770:Cameroon mayor killed in ambush by separatists 5693:Cameroon: Ambazonia 'Colonel' killed in Muyuka 5598: 5127:Cameroon:Fru Ndi's residence goes up in flames 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 3280:, pp. 108–111. African Books Collective, 2009. 2780:, Al Jazeera, 1 Apr 2021. Accessed 5 Apr 2021. 1749:shootout left two suspected separatists dead. 1446:took place. On 22 July, separatist inmates at 11224: 10348: 10041: 9913:, UNICEF, 21 June 2019. Accessed 8 July 2019. 9885: 9653:Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: No end in sight 9192: 9190: 9188: 9165: 8164: 8147: 7728: 7548:President Paul Biya's End of Year speech 2020 7403: 7328: 7151: 6888: 6805: 6705:, AFP, 21 April 2020. Accessed 21 April 2020. 6609:, BBC, 26 March 2020. Accessed 27 March 2020. 6607:Cameroon rebels declare coronavirus ceasefire 6356:Cameroon Separatists Open 'Community Schools' 6228: 6187:One soldier killed in rare ambush in Cameroon 6096:Cameroon: Soldier killed in restive NW region 5981: 5586:Cameroon: 'Ambazonia General' killed in Matoh 5434:Cameroon: 'Ambazonia General' killed in Kumba 4676: 4674: 4625:, Voanews, 27 May 2018. Accessed 27 May 2018. 3975:, DW, 9 October 2017. Accessed 20 April 2018. 3159:, p. 10 APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper. 2011. 3008:, Reuters, 4 July 2020. Accessed 4 July 2020. 2791:"'Ambazonia War' drowns SDF 28th Anniversary" 2651: 2254:Political, diplomatic and propaganda strategy 1604:The next day, Cameroon celebrated its annual 1233:Cameroonian soldiers on a bridge, heading to 775:wrote that the Cameroonian government led by 564:separatist groups, part of the long-standing 322: 10101:Cameroon: SDF to boycott 20 May celebrations 10007:, Quartz, 7 July 2018. Accessed 9 July 2018. 9373: 9055: 8711: 8048: 7951: 7755: 7740:, Xinhua, 25 May 2021. Accessed 25 May 2021. 7505: 7457: 7427:, Xinhua, 14 Oct 2020. Accessed 15 Oct 2020. 6751: 6660: 6564: 6516: 6480: 5529:Cameroon: Three gendarmes killed in Mbelenka 5522: 5386: 4971: 4738:Gunfire in Cameroon's English restive region 4500:, BBC, 4 April 2018. Accessed 28 April 2018. 4448: 4446: 4046:Cameroon govt forces accused of murder, rape 4027: 3401: 3214: 2381: 1896:were kidnapped for ransom by separatists in 1353:Cameroonian soldiers in Bamenda in May 2019. 1246:was killed during a military raid in Kumba. 1064:Throughout May, there were heavy clashes in 825:Cameroon Anglophone Civil Society Consortium 722:plebiscite in the region on 11 February 1961 16:2017–present separatist conflict in Cameroon 10362: 10257: 10233:African Union Intervenes In Cameroon Crisis 10132:Protesters invade Cameroon embassies abroad 9831: 9646: 9588:, BBC, 25 June 2018. Accessed 25 June 2018. 9574: 9572: 9295:, RFI, 14 June 2018. Accessed 14 June 2018. 5579: 5348: 4769: 4194: 4139: 4137: 4055:, Eyewitness News. Accessed 25 August 2018. 78:(7 years, 2 weeks and 1 day) 11231: 11217: 10355: 10341: 9445:Lessons From the Past on Cameroon's Crisis 9225:, 29 August 2018. Accessed 29 August 2018. 9197:'Dirty war' ravages Cameroon's Buea region 9185: 7979: 7929: 7598:, Goal, 15 Jan 2020. Accessed 16 Jan 2020. 7490:, Xinhua, 4 Dec 2020. Accessed 5 Dec 2020. 6137: 6113: 4747:, Enca, 9 July 2018. Accessed 9 July 2018. 4681:Cameroon says Military Casualties Mounting 4671: 3816:, DW, Aug 20, 2021. Accessed Aug 22, 2021. 3353: 3351: 2165:The Ambazonian separatists are fighting a 1593:when he arrived. He was then sent back to 329: 315: 39: 9416:, Bareta News. Accessed 25 December 2018. 9385:, DW, Jul 31, 2021. Accessed Aug 1, 2021. 7161:Gov't Forces Kill Ambazonia General Ayeke 5819:, Bareta News. Accessed 25 December 2018. 5667: 5018: 4443: 4367: 3408:Political Handbook of the World 2016–2017 3364:. Europa Publications. pp. 163–164. 3093:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 6–. 2818: 2816: 2588: 2586: 2504:Countries and international organizations 1213:, and transported with canoes across the 11380:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 9892:Cameroon's Anglophone population at risk 9569: 9235:Moki Edwin Kindzeka (18 February 2019). 9063:"Manyu: More than 30 die in Amba attack" 8028: 7982:"Mali suspend training after gun battle" 7362:Cameroon Campaigns for Schools Reopening 6962:, DW, 5 June 2020. Accessed 5 June 2020. 5291: 4616:Dozens of Cameroon Youth Killed in South 4134: 3155:Lee, Alexander, and Kenneth A. Schultz. 3080: 2946: 2478:Smaller opposition parties, such as the 2437: 2385: 2312: 2287: 2205:separatists, who helped them access the 2156: 2140: 2132: 2119:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2024) 2002:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2023) 1786:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2022) 1733:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2021) 1579: 1509: 1506:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2020) 1488:passenger plane while it was landing at 1425: 1348: 1280:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2019) 1228: 1102: 1006:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2018) 942: 920:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2017) 705:Boundary changes of Cameroon, 1901–1972. 700: 647:founded a settlement of freed slaves by 626: 11922:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 11597:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis 11122:Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor 9921: 9919: 8357:. TV5Monde. 31 May 2022. Archived from 8081:. Cameroon News Agency. 1 February 2022 8054: 5503: 5049: 4814:Villagers flee Zhoa after arson attacks 3665:"Arrests in Cameroon language protests" 3348: 3086: 2890: 2846: 2308: 2048:In the days leading up to the March 12 1790:On January 3, separatists detonated an 1494:2020 Cameroonian parliamentary election 1115:transporting a member of parliament in 963:. This stance would eventually change. 867:the Anglophone regions were shut down. 789:Peoples Organisation (SCAPO), with the 12344: 10858:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 10326:, 28 June 2019. Accessed 28 June 2019. 10286:, 23 July 2019. Accessed 25 July 2019. 10245: 8948:"Gunmen Kill 10 in Northwest Cameroon" 8673:. Cameroon News Agency. 29 August 2022 6727:Military Launches Operation Free Bafut 6247:Cameroon's conflict keeps schools shut 4852:Cameroon army kills 27 fighters in Wum 4175: 4156: 3978: 3253:from the original on 3 September 2011. 2813: 2583: 2269:Minister of Territorial Administration 1957:On July 12, Ambazonian Field Marshall 12372:Separatist rebellion-based civil wars 12111:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict 12032:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes 11212: 10336: 8643: 8603:. Cameroon News Agency. 2 August 2022 8581:. Cameroon News Agency. 2 August 2022 8177:. Cameroon News Agency. 14 April 2022 8029:Kouagheu, Josiane (12 January 2022). 8003:Danielle Paquette (15 January 2022). 7022:, Cameroon News Agency, 21 June 2020. 4992: 4571: 4058: 3929: 3887: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3122:"The Early Times in Victoria (Limbe)" 2891:Matfess, Hilary (21 September 2018). 2453:Cameroon People's Democratic Movement 2413: 2317:A destroyed bilingual high school in 1873:On April 5, separatists attacked the 1543:after their families had paid money. 1525:Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces 1340:Southern Cameroons Liberation Council 1190:were kidnapped from a school in Nkwen 1111:On 16 August, separatists attacked a 639:, the local name of the mouth of the 336: 310: 10175: 9916: 9780:The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. 8559:. Cameroon News Agency. 18 July 2022 8515:. Cameroon News Agency. 27 June 2022 7926:, Cameroon News Agency, 26 May 2021. 7914:, Cameroon News Agency, 26 May 2021. 7902:, Cameroon News Agency, 25 May 2021. 7890:, Cameroon News Agency, 26 May 2021. 7875:, Cameroon News Agency, 18 May 2021. 7863:, Cameroon News Agency, 17 May 2021. 7752:, Cameroon News Agency, 17 May 2021. 7713:, Cameroon News Agency, 25 Apr 2021. 7701:, Cameroon News Agency, 25 Apr 2021. 7689:, Cameroon News Agency, 10 Apr 2021. 7658:, Cameroon News Agency, 26 Feb 2021. 7634:, Cameroon News Agency, 26 Feb 2021. 7352:, Cameroon News Agency, 27 Sep 2020. 7325:, Cameroon News Agency, 19 Sep 2020. 6914:, Cameroon News Agency, 29 May 2020. 6404:2 Die And 15 Injured in Ekona Attack 4909:Cameroon: soldier found dead in Buea 4522: 4291: 3378: 3183:Elections in Africa: A data handbook 3053: 2801:from the original on 25 October 2018 2128: 2006:On January 1–2, following President 12201:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict 12152:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 11668:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 11189:Dissident Irish republican campaign 11063:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 10535:Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso 10385:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 10226: 8493:. Cameroon News Agency. 8 June 2022 8449:. Cameroon News Agency. 8 June 2022 8427:. Cameroon News Agency. 31 May 2022 8405:. Cameroon News Agency. 31 May 2022 8335:. Cameroon News Agency. 30 May 2022 8287:Moki Edwin Kindzeka (20 May 2022). 8242:Mimi Mefo Takambou (8 April 2022). 8219:Mimi Mefo Takambou (7 April 2022). 8196:Mimi Mefo Takambou (7 April 2022). 7839:, Cameroon News Agency, 4 May 2021. 7827:, Cameroon News Agency, 4 May 2021. 7253:, Cameroon News Agency, 2 Sep 2020. 5043: 3901:. 22 September 2017. Archived from 3717: 2469:truth and reconciliation commission 2149:The Cameroonian Army is fighting a 791:Southern Cameroons National Council 13: 11916:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict 11452:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria 10629:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria 10607:Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria 10400:Central African Republic Civil War 9869:. 14 February 2018. Archived from 9166:Adejumo Kabir (25 December 2023). 8721:. Voice of America. 3 January 2023 7961:. Voice of America. 5 January 2022 5050:Searcey, Dionne (6 October 2018). 4122:Separatists Attack Cameroon Police 3992:. 29 November 2017. Archived from 3671:. 23 November 2016. Archived from 3551:. 13 February 2017. Archived from 3463:. 13 February 2017. Archived from 3390: 3263:Roger, Jules, and Sombaye Eyango. 2446: 1848:(ADF) claimed responsibility. The 1569:, a move that was welcomed by the 14: 12403: 12146:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 11850:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 10978:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency 10848:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency 10439:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 8625:. Voice of America. 2 August 2022 4993:Genin, Aaron (11 February 2019). 3731:. 18 January 2016. Archived from 2947:Kindzeka, Moki (27 August 2021). 2830:. 14 January 2018. Archived from 1815:Confederation of African Football 1746:2020 African Nations Championship 1175:Cameroonian presidential election 1161:Cameroonian presidential election 909:Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis 11976:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention 10995:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 10988:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq 10853:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 10313: 10269: 10200: 10156: 10144: 10125: 10106: 10072: 10053: 10022: 10010: 9991: 9979: 9960: 9941: 9904: 9855: 9843: 9819: 9795: 9783: 9771: 9759: 9747: 9728: 9716: 9704: 9685: 9658: 9634: 9622: 9610: 9591: 9550: 9538: 9519: 9507: 9488: 9469: 9450: 9438: 9419: 9400: 9388: 9346: 9228: 9209: 9159: 9133: 9107: 9081: 9029: 9003: 8991: 8966: 8940: 8914: 8889: 8863: 8837: 8811: 8785: 8759: 8733: 8685: 8663: 8637: 8615: 8593: 8571: 8549: 8527: 8505: 8483: 8461: 8439: 8417: 8395: 8373: 8347: 8325: 8303: 8280: 8258: 8235: 8212: 8189: 8141: 8115: 8093: 8071: 8022: 7996: 7973: 7917: 7905: 7866: 7854: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7806: 7794: 7782: 7743: 7716: 7704: 7692: 7680: 7661: 7649: 7637: 7625: 7601: 7589: 7577: 7565: 7553: 7541: 7529: 7517: 7493: 7481: 7469: 7430: 7379: 7367: 7355: 7343: 7316: 7304: 7292: 7280: 7268: 7256: 7244: 7232: 7220: 7208: 7196: 7166: 7139: 7127: 7118: 7112: 7100: 7073: 7061: 7049: 7037: 7025: 7013: 7001: 6989: 6977: 6965: 6953: 6941: 6929: 6917: 6905: 6882: 6870: 6858: 6846: 6834: 6822: 6799: 6787: 6775: 6763: 6739: 6708: 6696: 6684: 6672: 6648: 6636: 6624: 6612: 6600: 6588: 6576: 6552: 6540: 6528: 6504: 6468: 6456: 6444: 6421: 6409: 6397: 6385: 6373: 6361: 6334: 6322: 6310: 6298: 6286: 6267: 6240: 6216: 6204: 6192: 6180: 6161: 6149: 6125: 6101: 6089: 6077: 6065: 6053: 6041: 6029: 6017: 5996: 5954: 5942: 5930: 5918: 5906: 5894: 5882: 5870: 5858: 5846: 5834: 5822: 5810: 5798: 5786: 5774: 5762: 5743: 5724: 5705: 5686: 5648: 5629: 5617: 5560: 5541: 5484: 5465: 5446: 5427: 5408: 5367: 5329: 5310: 5272: 5253: 5234: 5215: 5196: 5177: 5158: 5139: 5120: 5101: 5082: 5012: 4986: 4952: 4933: 4914: 4902: 4883: 4864: 4845: 4826: 4807: 4788: 4776:Four soldiers killed in Baboungo 3943:. 2 October 2017. Archived from 3318:from the original on 9 July 2018 3054:Bone, R. Maxwell (8 July 2020). 2563:– A separatist revolt in former 1817:against holding the tournament. 1514:Cameroonian gendarmes arrive in 885:United States Secretary of State 682:, Kamerun was divided between a 623:Origins of the Anglophone Crisis 154: 141: 11993:Piracy off the coast of Somalia 10826:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 10807:Internal conflict in Bangladesh 10264:Africa Should Not Fail Cameroon 8383:. Voice of America. 31 May 2022 8313:. Sahara Reporters. 29 May 2022 8100:Mimi Mefo Info (2 March 2022). 4750: 4731: 4712: 4693: 4652: 4609: 4590: 4552: 4503: 4484: 4465: 4424: 4405: 4386: 4348: 4329: 4310: 4253:. 26 March 2018. Archived from 4220: 4115: 4096: 4077: 4039: 4008: 3959: 3917: 3868: 3849: 3819: 3807: 3777: 3747: 3687: 3657: 3627: 3597: 3567: 3535: 3509: 3479: 3449: 3437: 3424: 3361:Africa South of the Sahara 2004 3358:Katharine Murison, ed. (2003). 3330: 3300: 3283: 3270: 3257: 3235: 3221:. Langaa RPCIG. pp. 217–. 3208: 3195: 3175: 3162: 3149: 3140: 3114: 3066: 2968: 2940: 2910: 2860:. 13 March 2018. Archived from 2783: 1436:July 2019 Cameroon prison riots 1390:United Nations Security Council 957:Interim Government of Ambazonia 720:The United Nations organised a 568:. Following the suppression of 10868:Sectarian violence in Pakistan 10793:Islamic State–Taliban conflict 10562:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 10487:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 8644:Nwaha, Alain (3 August 2022). 8148:Nana Kamsukom (6 April 2022). 7980:Kyle Lewus (13 January 2022). 7180:. 16 July 2020. Archived from 6889:@CMRNewsAgency (28 May 2020). 6806:@CMRNewsAgency (21 May 2020). 3761:. 27 June 2017. Archived from 3410:. CQ Press. pp. 236–246. 3215:Ndi, Anthony (16 March 2014). 3090:Politics in Francophone Africa 2750: 2639: 2605: 1854:Tunisia national football team 1828:before the AFCON game against 1344:Ambazonia Self-Defence Council 1: 12294:2014 Lesotho political crisis 12251:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021) 11415:Communal conflicts in Nigeria 11117:Syrian–Turkish border clashes 11039:Iran–Israel conflict in Syria 10821:Insurgency in Northeast India 10617:Religious violence in Nigeria 10597:Communal conflicts in Nigeria 4757:Four civilians killed in Buea 2576: 2480:Cameroon Renaissance Movement 2355: 2282: 1402:kidnapped for the second time 924:In early September 2017, the 616: 12288:SADC intervention in Lesotho 11891:OLA insurgency, 2018–present 11845:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon) 11602:ECOWAS military intervention 11322:2011–2014 factional violence 10930:Conflicts in the Philippines 10540:Jihadist insurgency in Niger 7762:AGovC Joins Forces With IPOB 4536:. 3 May 2018. Archived from 2494: 2433: 2393:from Southern Cameroons, in 2248:Eritrean War of Independence 2050:Cameroon senatorial election 2039:improvised explosive devices 1856:due to "terrorist threats". 1850:Tunisian Football Federation 1836:between separatists and the 1739:improvised explosive devices 1610:improvised explosive devices 1145:Rapid Intervention Battalion 819:2016–17 Cameroonian protests 605:Ambazonian leadership crisis 503:Ambazonian leadership crisis 297:700,000 internally displaced 7: 11965:Puntland–Somaliland dispute 11821:Insurgency in Northern Chad 11171:Russian invasion of Ukraine 11080:DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey 11075:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 10673:Jamaican political conflict 10624:Conflict in the Niger Delta 8537:. CamerounWeb. 13 July 2022 8055:Kawajri (12 January 2022). 7939:. China.org. 6 January 2022 7620:"CrisisWatch February 2021" 3247:africanelections.tripod.com 3087:Le Vine, Victor T. (2004). 2757:World Report 2023: Cameroon 2549: 2391:Internally displaced people 2229:Indigenous People of Biafra 2183:conflict in the Niger Delta 2123: 2043:Mount Cameroon Race of Hope 1822:Mali national football team 1792:improvised explosive device 1758:Indigenous People of Biafra 1556:improvised explosive device 926:Ambazonia Governing Council 902: 434:Kidnappings of John Fru Ndi 10: 12408: 12256:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado 12077:Abyei conflict (2022–2023) 11932:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict 11798:Djotodia period, 2013–2014 11609:Western Togoland Rebellion 11156:Georgian–Ossetian conflict 11046:Kurdish separatism in Iran 11024:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 10973:Georgian–Ossetian conflict 10831:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 10714:Ecuadorian security crisis 10646:Western Togoland Rebellion 10557:Sudanese nomadic conflicts 7398:"CrisisWatch October 2020" 3402:Tom Lansdorf, ed. (2017). 2561:Western Togoland Rebellion 2507: 2242:Retired American diplomat 2116: 1999: 1804:2021 Africa Cup of Nations 1783: 1730: 1503: 1277: 1170:International Crisis Group 1003: 917: 906: 883:filed a petition with the 816: 812: 620: 402:Battles and violent events 299:63,800 refugees in Nigeria 76:9 September 2017 – present 12308: 12265: 12237: 12228: 12167: 12138: 12093:Second Sudanese Civil War 12085: 12047: 12001: 11957: 11878: 11869: 11837: 11808: 11777: 11737: 11654: 11631: 11622: 11571: 11545: 11519: 11498: 11461: 11407: 11398: 11366: 11337: 11299: 11259: 11250: 11181: 11143: 11136: 11034:Hezbollah–Israel conflict 10960: 10952:South Thailand insurgency 10918:Conflict in Rakhine State 10878: 10780: 10764: 10748: 10741: 10701: 10683:Salvadoran gang crackdown 10665: 10658: 10589: 10525:Insurgency in the Maghreb 10512: 10447: 10377: 10370: 9584:19 September 2018 at the 9500:20 September 2018 at the 6279:23 September 2019 at the 4926:16 September 2018 at the 4895:12 September 2018 at the 4876:12 September 2018 at the 3342:27 September 2007 at the 2382:Humanitarian consequences 1442:Towards the end of July, 1386:European Union Parliament 688:League of Nations Mandate 348: 292: 275: 260: 221: 166: 134: 103:(Spillover in Cameroon's 68: 56: Government presence 49: Separatist presence 38: 30: 25: 12196:2008 invasion of Anjouan 11793:Civil War (2012–present) 11762:Pool Department conflict 10612:Nigerian bandit conflict 10492:Insurgency in Mozambique 10460:Ethiopian civil conflict 10420:Western DR Congo clashes 9697:4 September 2018 at the 9412:26 December 2018 at the 9326:: CS1 maint: location ( 5736:13 February 2019 at the 5439:21 December 2018 at the 5420:17 December 2018 at the 5360:27 December 2018 at the 5341:28 December 2018 at the 5322:29 November 2018 at the 5284:28 December 2018 at the 5265:14 November 2018 at the 5246:13 November 2018 at the 5227:14 November 2018 at the 5189:12 November 2018 at the 4945:25 November 2018 at the 4857:6 September 2018 at the 4838:4 September 2018 at the 4436:1 September 2018 at the 4322:25 November 2018 at the 4108:25 November 2018 at the 2617:31 December 2018 at the 2598:23 December 2019 at the 2528:House of Representatives 2347:Hague Convention of 1907 2233:Eastern Security Network 2231:and its armed wing, the 2032:Ambazonia Defence Forces 1946:. The attack was led by 1846:Ambazonia Defence Forces 1595:Kondengui Central Prison 1448:Kondengui Central Prison 1319:Ambazonia Defence Forces 1262:, Field Marshall of the 930:Ambazonia Defence Forces 608:talks were held between 233:Militias of local chiefs 61: 54: 47: 12191:Hanish Islands conflict 11728:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion 11579:Guinea-Bissau Civil War 11421:Herder–farmer conflicts 11345:Western Sahara conflict 10688:Honduran gang crackdown 10579:Western Saharan clashes 10574:Western Sahara conflict 10530:Insurgency in the Sahel 10364:Ongoing armed conflicts 10212:saisreview.sais.jhu.edu 10137:28 January 2019 at the 10118:28 January 2019 at the 10065:28 January 2019 at the 9740:6 December 2018 at the 9562:9 November 2018 at the 8825:(in French). 2 May 2023 8471:. Euronews. 9 June 2022 7123:. The New Humanitarian. 5717:7 February 2019 at the 5698:7 February 2019 at the 5679:6 February 2019 at the 5660:5 February 2019 at the 5641:5 February 2019 at the 5591:25 January 2019 at the 5401:9 December 2018 at the 5379:3 December 2018 at the 5303:4 December 2018 at the 5208:8 November 2018 at the 5170:5 November 2018 at the 5151:25 October 2018 at the 5132:20 October 2018 at the 5113:12 October 2018 at the 3243:"Elections in Cameroon" 2536:Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe 2464:Social Democratic Front 2457:Major National Dialogue 2402:Nigeria. In June 2019, 2397:, Cameroon, March 2020. 2112: 1995: 1892:, Northwest Region. 33 1779: 1726: 1692:Operation Bamenda Clean 1499: 1471:Major National Dialogue 1273: 1196:, and another 25 near 1121:Ngo-Ketunjia Department 1020:Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe 999: 913: 823:On 6 October 2016, the 802:Social Democratic Front 610:Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe 508:Major National Dialogue 454:Operation Bamenda Clean 293:6,000+ civilians killed 194:Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe 12367:Separatism in Cameroon 12362:Civil wars in Cameroon 12014:Somali–Kenyan conflict 11910:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 11904:Second Afar insurgency 11511:Sierra Leone Civil War 11010:Saudi–led intervention 10838:Insurgency in Pakistan 10719:Insurgency in Paraguay 10238:24 August 2019 at the 9897:23 August 2018 at the 9603:22 August 2018 at the 9531:23 August 2018 at the 9481:23 August 2018 at the 9221:29 August 2018 at the 5572:7 January 2019 at the 5553:7 January 2019 at the 5534:4 January 2019 at the 5515:2 January 2019 at the 5496:1 January 2019 at the 5477:1 January 2019 at the 5458:1 January 2019 at the 5094:8 October 2018 at the 4964:3 October 2018 at the 4819:29 August 2018 at the 4800:27 August 2018 at the 4781:16 August 2018 at the 4477:25 August 2018 at the 4458:25 August 2018 at the 4398:25 August 2018 at the 4341:29 August 2018 at the 4213:4 October 2018 at the 4051:25 August 2018 at the 3699:thestandardtribune.com 3201:Amaazee, Victor Bong. 2743:5 October 2019 at the 2443: 2398: 2322: 2162: 2146: 2138: 1988:at an armored car. In 1585: 1532:parliamentary election 1519: 1444:two major prison riots 1439: 1354: 1238: 1108: 948: 706: 632: 558:Cameroonian government 539:ongoing armed conflict 530: 439:July 2019 prison riots 167:Commanders and leaders 12273:Bophuthatswana crisis 11937:Oromia–Somali clashes 11856:Boko Haram insurgency 11816:Civil War (2005–2010) 11433:Boko Haram insurgency 11356:Clashes, 2020–present 10798:Republican insurgency 10602:Boko Haram insurgency 10168:22 April 2019 at the 10084:27 March 2019 at the 10034:27 March 2019 at the 8152:. Journal du Cameroun 6173:17 April 2020 at the 5755:21 March 2019 at the 4999:The California Review 4515:27 April 2018 at the 4417:21 April 2018 at the 4303:19 April 2018 at the 4284:15 April 2019 at the 4187:23 April 2018 at the 4168:21 April 2018 at the 4127:21 April 2018 at the 4089:21 April 2018 at the 4070:21 April 2018 at the 4020:21 April 2018 at the 3971:20 April 2018 at the 3880:19 April 2018 at the 3861:19 April 2018 at the 3026:The Africa Report.com 2922:journalducameroun.com 2441: 2389: 2316: 2288:By Cameroonian forces 2275:Both sides have used 2160: 2144: 2136: 2107:Obudu Mountain Resort 2012:Cameroon Armed Forces 1928:Biafra Nations League 1875:University of Bamenda 1838:Cameroon Armed Forces 1794:(IED) in the town of 1712:Kumba school massacre 1583: 1513: 1429: 1352: 1301:was killed in Matoh, 1232: 1106: 946: 861:University of Bamenda 806:Amnesty International 745:unilateral referendum 704: 630: 533:), also known as the 283:(as of February 2020) 276:Casualties and losses 12357:History of Ambazonia 12245:Mozambican Civil War 12205:Burundian conflicts 12185:Djiboutian Civil War 11898:Insurgency in Ogaden 11526:Liberian Civil Wars 11439:Niger Delta conflict 11112:Russian intervention 11102:Inter-rebel conflict 11056:Western Iran clashes 11029:Gaza–Israel conflict 9972:19 July 2018 at the 9953:19 June 2018 at the 9431:2 April 2019 at the 9291:14 June 2018 at the 9093:Cameroon News Agency 9067:Cameroon News Agency 8978:Cameroon News Agency 7673:5 March 2021 at the 6732:11 June 2020 at the 5610:1 March 2019 at the 4762:31 July 2018 at the 4705:29 June 2018 at the 4686:28 June 2018 at the 4664:24 June 2018 at the 4564:20 June 2018 at the 4360:17 July 2018 at the 4232:7 April 2018 at the 3675:on 11 September 2017 3645:on 12 September 2017 3060:The New Humanitarian 2659:The Military Balance 2309:By separatist forces 2095:Cameroon News Agency 1883:military checkpoints 1666:The New Humanitarian 1657:By the end of June, 1575:Operation Free Bafut 680:Treaty of Versailles 613:fighting continued. 449:Operation Free Bafut 295:(as of January 2023) 269:2,000–4,000 fighters 12284:Lesothan conflicts 12209:1993–2005 Civil War 11927:Afar–Somali clashes 11715:2022–2024 offensive 11710:2012–2013 rebellion 11552:Ivorian Civil Wars 11385:Tunisian revolution 11327:2014–2020 civil war 11307:2008 Kufra conflict 11244:conflicts in Africa 11166:Russo-Ukrainian War 10863:Insurgency in Sindh 10843:Insurgency in Sindh 10520:Insurgency in Egypt 10465:Afar–Somali clashes 10324:Journal du Cameroun 10003:9 July 2018 at the 9462:8 June 2018 at the 8823:Journal du Cameroun 8268:. RFI. 9 April 2022 5031:on 27 February 2019 4743:9 July 2018 at the 4724:2 July 2018 at the 4645:1 June 2018 at the 4621:27 May 2018 at the 4602:21 May 2018 at the 4583:23 May 2018 at the 4496:3 July 2018 at the 4379:9 July 2018 at the 4149:4 July 2018 at the 3795:on 5 September 2017 3765:on 5 September 2017 3759:Journal du Cameroun 3705:on 3 September 2017 3615:on 3 September 2017 3585:on 3 September 2017 3467:on 8 September 2017 3430:Elong, Eric Ebolo. 3276:Anyangwe, Carlson. 2982:. 18 September 2021 2858:Journal du Cameroun 2795:Journal du Cameroun 2763:, 13 January, 2023. 2556:History of Cameroon 2332:separatist militias 2171:hit-and-run attacks 1820:On January 12, The 1710:On 24 October, the 464:Operation Bui Clean 12331:Colour revolutions 12129:Sudanese civil war 11981:2009–present phase 11722:Batwa–Luba clashes 11591:Casamance conflict 11468:Tuareg rebellions 11428:Religious violence 11374:Algerian Civil War 11290:Terrorism in Egypt 11051:Iran–PJAK conflict 10913:Karen–Mon conflict 10709:Colombian conflict 10502:Operation Atalanta 10405:Insurgency in Chad 10299:. 3 September 2019 9202:7 May 2018 at the 9147:. 11 December 2023 9145:Daily Post Nigeria 9121:. 15 December 2023 8773:. 25 February 2023 7119:Bone, R. Maxwell. 5056:The New York Times 3837:on 25 January 2018 3735:on 20 January 2017 2761:Human Rights Watch 2444: 2414:Other consequences 2399: 2323: 2163: 2151:counter-insurgency 2147: 2139: 1586: 1520: 1475:Red Dragon militia 1440: 1423:three days later. 1355: 1264:Red Dragon militia 1239: 1109: 961:civil disobedience 951:On 1 October, the 949: 857:University of Buea 773:Fongum Gorji Dinka 707: 633: 574:Southern Cameroons 566:Anglophone problem 301:(as of March 2021) 96:Southern Cameroons 33:Anglophone problem 12392:2020s in Cameroon 12387:2010s in Cameroon 12352:Anglophone Crisis 12339: 12338: 12304: 12303: 12224: 12223: 12175:Rwandan Civil War 12123:Blue Nile clashes 12105:Nomadic conflicts 12061:Nomadic conflicts 11865: 11864: 11704:March 23 Movement 11639:Angolan Civil War 11618: 11617: 11394: 11393: 11206: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11151:Abkhazia conflict 11132: 11131: 10968:Abkhazia conflict 10923:Rohingya conflict 10893:Myanmar civil war 10772:Xinjiang conflict 10737: 10736: 10724:Peruvian conflict 10693:Gang war in Haiti 10654: 10653: 10390:Anglophone Crisis 10214:. 8 November 2022 9095:. 7 November 2023 9069:. 6 November 2023 9043:. 6 November 2023 9017:. 6 November 2023 8747:. 3 February 2023 7184:on 19 August 2020 3639:www.aljazeera.com 3579:contranocendi.org 3497:on 29 August 2017 3228:978-9956-791-44-6 2544:Samuel Ikome Sako 2207:arms black market 2129:Military strategy 1924:Cross River State 1660:The Africa Report 1518:, 9 January 2020. 1463:life imprisonment 1394:leadership crisis 1032:Samuel Ikome Sako 696:British Cameroons 523:Anglophone Crisis 516: 515: 340:Anglophone Crisis 305: 304: 288:(as of June 2019) 198:Samuel Ikome Sako 130: 129: 113:Cross River State 26:Anglophone Crisis 12399: 12279:Caprivi conflict 12235: 12234: 12214:2015–2018 unrest 12020:Likoni massacres 12009:Ethnic conflicts 11971:Somali Civil War 11876: 11875: 11674:Second Congo War 11629: 11628: 11405: 11404: 11284:Post-coup unrest 11278:Sinai insurgency 11257: 11256: 11233: 11226: 11219: 11210: 11209: 11141: 11140: 11092:Daraa insurgency 11087:Syrian civil war 11017:Yemeni Civil war 10888:Myanmar conflict 10746: 10745: 10729:Mapuche conflict 10678:Mexican drug war 10663: 10662: 10552:Sinai insurgency 10497:Somali Civil War 10375: 10374: 10357: 10350: 10343: 10334: 10333: 10327: 10317: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10273: 10267: 10261: 10255: 10249: 10243: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10204: 10198: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10179: 10173: 10160: 10154: 10148: 10142: 10129: 10123: 10110: 10104: 10098: 10089: 10076: 10070: 10057: 10051: 10045: 10039: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 9995: 9989: 9983: 9977: 9964: 9958: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9923: 9914: 9908: 9902: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9873:on 21 April 2018 9859: 9853: 9847: 9841: 9835: 9829: 9823: 9817: 9811: 9805: 9799: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9732: 9726: 9720: 9714: 9708: 9702: 9689: 9683: 9677: 9668: 9662: 9656: 9650: 9644: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9595: 9589: 9576: 9567: 9554: 9548: 9542: 9536: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9492: 9486: 9473: 9467: 9454: 9448: 9442: 9436: 9423: 9417: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9371: 9365: 9356: 9350: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9325: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9302: 9296: 9283: 9272: 9266: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9243:. Archived from 9241:Voice of America 9232: 9226: 9213: 9207: 9194: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9033: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9015:Voice of America 9007: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8952:Voice of America 8944: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8901:Sahara Reporters 8893: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8849:Voice of America 8841: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8815: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8797:Voice of America 8789: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8699:. 29 August 2022 8689: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8678: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8246:. Mimi Mefo Info 8239: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8223:. Mimi Mefo Info 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8200:. Mimi Mefo Info 8193: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7955: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7774: 7765: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7726: 7720: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7479: 7473: 7467: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7440: 7434: 7428: 7422: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7092: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6957: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6502: 6496: 6490: 6484: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6442: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6314: 6308: 6302: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6111: 6105: 6099: 6093: 6087: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6000: 5994: 5988: 5979: 5973: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5904: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5747: 5741: 5728: 5722: 5709: 5703: 5690: 5684: 5671: 5665: 5652: 5646: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5602: 5596: 5583: 5577: 5564: 5558: 5545: 5539: 5526: 5520: 5507: 5501: 5488: 5482: 5469: 5463: 5450: 5444: 5431: 5425: 5412: 5406: 5393: 5384: 5371: 5365: 5352: 5346: 5333: 5327: 5314: 5308: 5295: 5289: 5276: 5270: 5257: 5251: 5238: 5232: 5219: 5213: 5200: 5194: 5181: 5175: 5162: 5156: 5143: 5137: 5124: 5118: 5105: 5099: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5070:on 24 March 2019 5066:. Archived from 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5027:. Archived from 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4969: 4956: 4950: 4937: 4931: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4887: 4881: 4868: 4862: 4849: 4843: 4830: 4824: 4811: 4805: 4792: 4786: 4773: 4767: 4754: 4748: 4735: 4729: 4716: 4710: 4697: 4691: 4678: 4669: 4656: 4650: 4637: 4626: 4613: 4607: 4594: 4588: 4575: 4569: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4534:Cameroon Concord 4526: 4520: 4507: 4501: 4488: 4482: 4469: 4463: 4450: 4441: 4428: 4422: 4409: 4403: 4390: 4384: 4371: 4365: 4352: 4346: 4333: 4327: 4314: 4308: 4295: 4289: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4243: 4237: 4224: 4218: 4205: 4192: 4179: 4173: 4160: 4154: 4141: 4132: 4119: 4113: 4100: 4094: 4081: 4075: 4062: 4056: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3996:on 21 April 2018 3982: 3976: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3947:on 20 April 2018 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3905:on 19 April 2018 3891: 3885: 3872: 3866: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3833:. Archived from 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3791:. Archived from 3789:Cameroon Concord 3781: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3701:. Archived from 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3641:. Archived from 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3611:. Archived from 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3581:. Archived from 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3519:. Archived from 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3493:. Archived from 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3399: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3355: 3346: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3304: 3298: 3287: 3281: 3274: 3268: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3212: 3206: 3199: 3193: 3179: 3173: 3166: 3160: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3124:. 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Archived from 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2888: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2864:on 21 April 2018 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2764: 2754: 2748: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2687: 2662: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2622: 2609: 2603: 2590: 2571:Bakassi conflict 2565:British Togoland 2367:Diocese of Kumbo 2345:, violating the 2244:Herman Jay Cohen 2091:Egbekaw massacre 2061:Southwest Region 2028:Northwest Region 1965:, was killed in 1961:, leader of the 1800:Southwest Region 1684:Koupé-Manengouba 1537:Ngarbuh massacre 1256:Northwest Region 1237:, December 2018. 1129:Northwest Region 1047:Battle of Batibo 1040:Northwest Region 761:Southwest Region 757:Northwest Region 726:Sir Andrew Cohen 715:E. M. L. Endeley 692:Colonial Nigeria 570:2016–17 protests 543:English-speaking 531:Crise anglophone 497:Political events 408:2016–17 protests 343: 341: 331: 324: 317: 308: 307: 281:800–1,000 killed 271:(as of May 2019) 253: 231:Vigilante groups 214: 206:Ebenezer Akwanga 185:René Claude Meka 159: 158: 157: 147: 145: 144: 92:Southwest Region 88:Northwest Region 70: 69: 64: 62: 57: 55: 50: 48: 43: 23: 22: 12407: 12406: 12402: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12396: 12382:2020s conflicts 12377:2010s conflicts 12342: 12341: 12340: 12335: 12300: 12261: 12230:Southern Africa 12220: 12163: 12134: 12081: 12066:Ethnic violence 12043: 12038:Baragoi clashes 11997: 11953: 11861: 11833: 11823:(2016–present) 11804: 11779: 11778:Central African 11773: 11739: 11733: 11662:First Congo War 11650: 11614: 11567: 11541: 11515: 11506:Ndogboyosoi War 11494: 11457: 11441:(2003–present) 11417:(1998–present) 11390: 11362: 11347:(1970–present) 11333: 11295: 11273:2011 revolution 11267:Egyptian Crisis 11246: 11237: 11207: 11198: 11177: 11128: 11107:Rojava conflict 11097:Desert campaign 10956: 10898:Kachin conflict 10880: 10874: 10788:Afghan conflict 10776: 10760: 10756:Korean conflict 10733: 10697: 10650: 10639:Azawad conflict 10585: 10508: 10443: 10366: 10361: 10331: 10330: 10318: 10314: 10302: 10300: 10289: 10274: 10270: 10262: 10258: 10250: 10246: 10240:Wayback Machine 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10191: 10189: 10181: 10180: 10176: 10170:Wayback Machine 10161: 10157: 10149: 10145: 10139:Wayback Machine 10130: 10126: 10120:Wayback Machine 10111: 10107: 10099: 10092: 10086:Wayback Machine 10077: 10073: 10067:Wayback Machine 10058: 10054: 10046: 10042: 10036:Wayback Machine 10027: 10023: 10015: 10011: 10005:Wayback Machine 9996: 9992: 9984: 9980: 9974:Wayback Machine 9965: 9961: 9955:Wayback Machine 9946: 9942: 9932: 9930: 9925: 9924: 9917: 9909: 9905: 9899:Wayback Machine 9890: 9886: 9876: 9874: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9848: 9844: 9836: 9832: 9824: 9820: 9812: 9808: 9800: 9796: 9788: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9764: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9742:Wayback Machine 9733: 9729: 9721: 9717: 9709: 9705: 9699:Wayback Machine 9690: 9686: 9678: 9671: 9663: 9659: 9651: 9647: 9639: 9635: 9627: 9623: 9615: 9611: 9605:Wayback Machine 9596: 9592: 9586:Wayback Machine 9577: 9570: 9564:Wayback Machine 9555: 9551: 9543: 9539: 9533:Wayback Machine 9524: 9520: 9512: 9508: 9502:Wayback Machine 9493: 9489: 9483:Wayback Machine 9474: 9470: 9464:Wayback Machine 9455: 9451: 9443: 9439: 9433:Wayback Machine 9424: 9420: 9414:Wayback Machine 9405: 9401: 9393: 9389: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9359: 9351: 9347: 9339: 9335: 9319: 9318: 9311: 9309: 9304: 9303: 9299: 9293:Wayback Machine 9284: 9275: 9267: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9247:on 1 March 2019 9233: 9229: 9223:Wayback Machine 9214: 9210: 9204:Wayback Machine 9195: 9186: 9176: 9174: 9164: 9160: 9150: 9148: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9124: 9122: 9113: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9087: 9086: 9082: 9072: 9070: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9046: 9044: 9035: 9034: 9030: 9020: 9018: 9009: 9008: 9004: 8996: 8992: 8982: 8980: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8955: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8931: 8929: 8920: 8919: 8915: 8905: 8903: 8895: 8894: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8828: 8826: 8817: 8816: 8812: 8802: 8800: 8799:. 10 March 2023 8791: 8790: 8786: 8776: 8774: 8765: 8764: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8717: 8716: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8691: 8690: 8686: 8676: 8674: 8669: 8668: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8642: 8638: 8628: 8626: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8606: 8604: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8555: 8554: 8550: 8540: 8538: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8518: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8474: 8472: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8452: 8450: 8445: 8444: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8386: 8384: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8338: 8336: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8285: 8281: 8271: 8269: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8240: 8236: 8226: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8194: 8190: 8180: 8178: 8175:"MANYU UPDATES" 8173: 8172: 8165: 8155: 8153: 8146: 8142: 8132: 8130: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8077: 8076: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8053: 8049: 8039: 8037: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 8009:Washington Post 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7957: 7956: 7952: 7942: 7940: 7935: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7736: 7729: 7721: 7717: 7709: 7705: 7697: 7693: 7685: 7681: 7675:Wayback Machine 7666: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7638: 7630: 7626: 7618: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7582: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7534: 7530: 7522: 7518: 7510: 7506: 7498: 7494: 7486: 7482: 7474: 7470: 7462: 7458: 7450: 7443: 7435: 7431: 7423: 7416: 7408: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7380: 7372: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7344: 7336: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7309: 7305: 7297: 7293: 7285: 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5479:Wayback Machine 5470: 5466: 5460:Wayback Machine 5451: 5447: 5441:Wayback Machine 5432: 5428: 5422:Wayback Machine 5413: 5409: 5403:Wayback Machine 5394: 5387: 5381:Wayback Machine 5372: 5368: 5362:Wayback Machine 5353: 5349: 5343:Wayback Machine 5334: 5330: 5324:Wayback Machine 5315: 5311: 5305:Wayback Machine 5296: 5292: 5286:Wayback Machine 5277: 5273: 5267:Wayback Machine 5258: 5254: 5248:Wayback Machine 5239: 5235: 5229:Wayback Machine 5220: 5216: 5210:Wayback Machine 5201: 5197: 5191:Wayback Machine 5182: 5178: 5172:Wayback Machine 5163: 5159: 5153:Wayback Machine 5144: 5140: 5134:Wayback Machine 5125: 5121: 5115:Wayback Machine 5106: 5102: 5096:Wayback Machine 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5048: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5019:Radina Gigova. 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4972: 4966:Wayback Machine 4957: 4953: 4947:Wayback Machine 4938: 4934: 4928:Wayback Machine 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4897:Wayback Machine 4888: 4884: 4878:Wayback Machine 4869: 4865: 4859:Wayback Machine 4850: 4846: 4840:Wayback Machine 4831: 4827: 4821:Wayback Machine 4812: 4808: 4802:Wayback Machine 4793: 4789: 4783:Wayback Machine 4774: 4770: 4764:Wayback Machine 4755: 4751: 4745:Wayback Machine 4736: 4732: 4726:Wayback Machine 4717: 4713: 4707:Wayback Machine 4698: 4694: 4688:Wayback Machine 4679: 4672: 4666:Wayback Machine 4657: 4653: 4647:Wayback Machine 4638: 4629: 4623:Wayback Machine 4614: 4610: 4604:Wayback Machine 4595: 4591: 4585:Wayback Machine 4576: 4572: 4566:Wayback Machine 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4517:Wayback Machine 4508: 4504: 4498:Wayback Machine 4489: 4485: 4479:Wayback Machine 4470: 4466: 4460:Wayback Machine 4451: 4444: 4438:Wayback Machine 4429: 4425: 4419:Wayback Machine 4410: 4406: 4400:Wayback Machine 4391: 4387: 4381:Wayback Machine 4372: 4368: 4362:Wayback Machine 4353: 4349: 4343:Wayback Machine 4334: 4330: 4324:Wayback Machine 4315: 4311: 4305:Wayback Machine 4296: 4292: 4286:Wayback Machine 4277: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4234:Wayback Machine 4225: 4221: 4215:Wayback Machine 4206: 4195: 4189:Wayback Machine 4180: 4176: 4170:Wayback Machine 4161: 4157: 4151:Wayback Machine 4142: 4135: 4129:Wayback Machine 4120: 4116: 4110:Wayback Machine 4101: 4097: 4091:Wayback Machine 4082: 4078: 4072:Wayback Machine 4063: 4059: 4053:Wayback Machine 4044: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4022:Wayback Machine 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3973:Wayback Machine 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3882:Wayback Machine 3873: 3869: 3863:Wayback Machine 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3768: 3766: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3555:on 2 April 2019 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3523:on 25 June 2018 3515: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3400: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3356: 3349: 3344:Wayback Machine 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3314:. 9 July 2018. 3306: 3305: 3301: 3288: 3284: 3275: 3271: 3267:, p. 28 (2018). 3262: 3258: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3128:on 7 March 2016 3120: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3085: 3081: 3076:. 28 June 2022. 3072: 3071: 3067: 3052: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3012: 3004: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2928:on 29 July 2023 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2889: 2878: 2867: 2865: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2822: 2821: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2797:. 28 May 2018. 2789: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2767: 2755: 2751: 2745:Wayback Machine 2736: 2725: 2717: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2665: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2632: 2625: 2619:Wayback Machine 2610: 2606: 2600:Wayback Machine 2591: 2584: 2579: 2552: 2540:Ayaba Cho Lucas 2512: 2506: 2497: 2449: 2447:Within Cameroon 2436: 2416: 2384: 2358: 2311: 2290: 2285: 2256: 2237:Ayaba Cho Lucas 2216:social contract 2131: 2126: 2121: 2115: 2084:Ayaba Cho Lucas 2057:Littoral Region 2004: 1998: 1948:General No Pity 1788: 1782: 1735: 1729: 1508: 1502: 1490:Bamenda Airport 1456:Littoral Region 1404:in two months. 1365:. On 27 April, 1333:Littoral Region 1282: 1276: 1215:Lake Bamendjing 1051:Meme Department 1008: 1002: 922: 916: 911: 905: 821: 815: 730:John Ngu Foncha 625: 619: 519: 518: 517: 512: 494: 473: 427: 399: 344: 339: 337: 335: 300: 298: 296: 294: 287: 282: 270: 251: 247: 243: 239: 232: 230: 212: 208: 204: 202:Ayaba Cho Lucas 200: 196: 187: 183: 179: 175: 155: 153: 142: 140: 116: 105:Littoral Region 102: 77: 63: Contested 60: 59: 58: 53: 52: 51: 46: 45: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12405: 12395: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12312: 12310: 12309:Related topics 12306: 12305: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12297: 12296: 12291: 12282: 12276: 12269: 12267: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12259: 12258:(2017–present) 12253: 12248: 12241: 12239: 12232: 12226: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12217: 12216: 12211: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12182: 12171: 12169: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12161: 12158:Kasese clashes 12155: 12154:(1996–present) 12149: 12148:(1987–present) 12142: 12140: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12132: 12131:(2023–present) 12126: 12120: 12114: 12108: 12107:(2009–present) 12102: 12096: 12089: 12087: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12051: 12049: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12041: 12035: 12029: 12023: 12017: 12016:(1963–present) 12011: 12005: 12003: 11999: 11998: 11996: 11995: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11968: 11967:(1998–present) 11961: 11959: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11919: 11913: 11907: 11901: 11895: 11894: 11893: 11886:Oromo conflict 11882: 11880: 11873: 11867: 11866: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11859: 11858:(2009–present) 11853: 11852:(1987–present) 11847: 11841: 11839: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11831: 11830: 11829: 11827:2021 offensive 11818: 11812: 11810: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11801: 11800: 11790: 11783: 11781: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11771: 11765: 11759: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11743: 11741: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11731: 11725: 11719: 11718: 11717: 11712: 11701: 11700:(2009–present) 11698:Ituri conflict 11695: 11692:Dongo conflict 11689: 11688:(2004–present) 11683: 11680:Ituri conflict 11677: 11671: 11670:(1996–present) 11665: 11658: 11656: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11648: 11647:(1975–present) 11642: 11635: 11633: 11626: 11624:Central Africa 11620: 11619: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11611:(2020–present) 11606: 11605: 11604: 11594: 11593:(1982–present) 11588: 11585:Guinea clashes 11582: 11575: 11573: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11563: 11558: 11549: 11547: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11539: 11538: 11537: 11532: 11523: 11521: 11517: 11516: 11514: 11513: 11508: 11502: 11500: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11492: 11491:(2012–present) 11486: 11485: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11455: 11454:(2021–present) 11449: 11448: 11447: 11436: 11435:(2009–present) 11430: 11425: 11424: 11423: 11411: 11409: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11388: 11382: 11377: 11370: 11368: 11364: 11363: 11361: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11353: 11351:War, 1975–1991 11341: 11339: 11338:Western Sahara 11335: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11317:2011 civil war 11309: 11303: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11293: 11292:(2013–present) 11287: 11281: 11280:(2011–present) 11275: 11270: 11263: 11261: 11254: 11248: 11247: 11236: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11213: 11204: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11147: 11145: 11138: 11134: 11133: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11084: 11083: 11082: 11072: 11071: 11070: 11060: 11059: 11058: 11053: 11043: 11042: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11014: 11013: 11012: 11002: 11000:Qatif conflict 10992: 10991: 10990: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10964: 10962: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10954: 10949: 10947:Papua conflict 10944: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10908:Karen conflict 10905: 10900: 10895: 10884: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10872: 10871: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10834: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10815: 10814: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10800: 10795: 10784: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10774: 10768: 10766: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10758: 10752: 10750: 10743: 10739: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10705: 10703: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10669: 10667: 10660: 10656: 10655: 10652: 10651: 10649: 10648: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10593: 10591: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10583: 10582: 10581: 10571: 10566: 10565: 10564: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10522: 10516: 10514: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10504: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10483: 10482: 10477: 10475:Oromo conflict 10472: 10470:OLA insurgency 10467: 10457: 10455:ADF insurgency 10451: 10449: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10441: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10424: 10423: 10422: 10417: 10415:Ituri conflict 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10381: 10379: 10372: 10368: 10367: 10360: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10337: 10329: 10328: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10287: 10268: 10256: 10244: 10225: 10199: 10174: 10155: 10143: 10124: 10105: 10090: 10071: 10052: 10040: 10021: 10009: 9990: 9978: 9959: 9940: 9929:. 27 June 2022 9915: 9903: 9884: 9854: 9842: 9830: 9818: 9806: 9794: 9782: 9770: 9758: 9746: 9727: 9715: 9703: 9684: 9669: 9657: 9645: 9633: 9621: 9609: 9590: 9568: 9549: 9537: 9518: 9506: 9487: 9468: 9449: 9437: 9418: 9399: 9387: 9372: 9357: 9345: 9333: 9297: 9273: 9258: 9227: 9208: 9184: 9158: 9132: 9106: 9080: 9054: 9028: 9002: 8990: 8965: 8954:. 17 July 2023 8939: 8913: 8888: 8862: 8836: 8810: 8784: 8758: 8732: 8710: 8684: 8662: 8636: 8614: 8592: 8570: 8548: 8526: 8504: 8482: 8460: 8438: 8416: 8394: 8372: 8361:on 31 May 2022 8346: 8324: 8302: 8279: 8257: 8234: 8211: 8188: 8163: 8140: 8129:. 3 March 2022 8114: 8092: 8070: 8047: 8021: 7995: 7972: 7950: 7928: 7916: 7904: 7892: 7877: 7865: 7853: 7841: 7829: 7817: 7805: 7793: 7781: 7766: 7754: 7742: 7727: 7715: 7703: 7691: 7679: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7624: 7612: 7600: 7588: 7576: 7564: 7552: 7540: 7528: 7516: 7504: 7492: 7480: 7468: 7456: 7441: 7429: 7414: 7402: 7390: 7378: 7366: 7354: 7342: 7327: 7315: 7303: 7291: 7279: 7267: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7207: 7195: 7165: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7111: 7099: 7084: 7072: 7060: 7048: 7036: 7024: 7012: 7000: 6988: 6976: 6964: 6952: 6940: 6928: 6916: 6904: 6897:) – via 6881: 6869: 6857: 6845: 6833: 6821: 6814:) – via 6798: 6786: 6774: 6762: 6750: 6738: 6719: 6707: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6623: 6611: 6599: 6587: 6575: 6563: 6551: 6539: 6527: 6515: 6503: 6491: 6479: 6467: 6455: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6434: 6420: 6408: 6396: 6384: 6372: 6360: 6345: 6333: 6321: 6309: 6297: 6285: 6266: 6251: 6239: 6227: 6215: 6203: 6191: 6179: 6160: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6112: 6100: 6088: 6076: 6064: 6052: 6040: 6028: 6016: 5995: 5980: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5893: 5881: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5833: 5821: 5809: 5797: 5785: 5773: 5761: 5742: 5723: 5704: 5685: 5666: 5647: 5628: 5616: 5597: 5578: 5559: 5540: 5521: 5502: 5483: 5464: 5445: 5426: 5407: 5385: 5366: 5347: 5328: 5309: 5290: 5271: 5252: 5233: 5214: 5195: 5176: 5157: 5138: 5119: 5100: 5081: 5042: 5011: 4985: 4970: 4951: 4932: 4913: 4901: 4882: 4863: 4844: 4825: 4806: 4787: 4768: 4749: 4730: 4711: 4692: 4670: 4651: 4627: 4608: 4589: 4570: 4551: 4521: 4502: 4483: 4464: 4442: 4423: 4404: 4385: 4366: 4347: 4328: 4309: 4290: 4268: 4238: 4219: 4193: 4174: 4155: 4133: 4114: 4095: 4076: 4057: 4038: 4026: 4007: 3977: 3958: 3928: 3916: 3886: 3867: 3848: 3818: 3806: 3776: 3746: 3716: 3686: 3656: 3626: 3596: 3566: 3534: 3508: 3478: 3448: 3436: 3423: 3416: 3389: 3377: 3370: 3347: 3329: 3299: 3282: 3269: 3256: 3234: 3227: 3207: 3194: 3174: 3161: 3148: 3139: 3113: 3099: 3079: 3065: 3039: 3010: 2993: 2967: 2939: 2909: 2876: 2845: 2834:on 31 May 2018 2812: 2782: 2765: 2749: 2723: 2708: 2663: 2650: 2638: 2623: 2604: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2508:Main article: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2448: 2445: 2435: 2432: 2421:Human Is Right 2415: 2412: 2383: 2380: 2357: 2354: 2352:, Article 23. 2310: 2307: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2255: 2252: 2195:cryptocurrency 2190:hunting rifles 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2117:Main article: 2114: 2111: 2000:Main article: 1997: 1994: 1959:Lekeaka Oliver 1877:for defying a 1784:Main article: 1781: 1778: 1731:Main article: 1728: 1725: 1571:United Nations 1504:Main article: 1501: 1498: 1409:Manyu Division 1278:Main article: 1275: 1272: 1260:Lekeaka Oliver 1004:Main article: 1001: 998: 918:Main article: 915: 912: 907:Main article: 904: 901: 817:Main article: 814: 811: 741:Ahmadou Ahidjo 737:prime minister 686:and a British 667:against local 621:Main article: 618: 615: 556:, between the 514: 513: 511: 510: 505: 499: 498: 493: 492: 487: 482: 477: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 425: 420: 415: 410: 404: 403: 398: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 356: 355: 349: 346: 345: 334: 333: 326: 319: 311: 303: 302: 290: 289: 284: 278: 277: 273: 272: 267: 263: 262: 258: 257: 234: 224: 223: 222:Units involved 219: 218: 191: 169: 168: 164: 163: 151: 137: 136: 132: 131: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 111:and Nigeria's 86: 84: 80: 79: 74: 66: 65: 36: 35: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12404: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12316:War on terror 12314: 12313: 12311: 12307: 12295: 12292: 12289: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12277: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12264: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12227: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12206: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12186: 12183: 12180: 12176: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12166: 12159: 12156: 12153: 12150: 12147: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12137: 12130: 12127: 12124: 12121: 12118: 12117:Heglig Crisis 12115: 12112: 12109: 12106: 12103: 12100: 12099:War in Darfur 12097: 12094: 12091: 12090: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12075: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12056: 12055:Heglig Crisis 12053: 12052: 12050: 12046: 12039: 12036: 12033: 12030: 12027: 12026:Kenyan crisis 12024: 12021: 12018: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12000: 11994: 11991: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11973: 11972: 11969: 11966: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11956: 11948: 11947:War in Amhara 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11923: 11920: 11917: 11914: 11911: 11908: 11905: 11902: 11899: 11896: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11887: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11857: 11854: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11799: 11796: 11795: 11794: 11791: 11788: 11785: 11784: 11782: 11776: 11769: 11766: 11763: 11760: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11736: 11729: 11726: 11723: 11720: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11699: 11696: 11693: 11690: 11687: 11686:Kivu conflict 11684: 11681: 11678: 11675: 11672: 11669: 11666: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11653: 11646: 11643: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11610: 11607: 11603: 11600: 11599: 11598: 11595: 11592: 11589: 11586: 11583: 11580: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11570: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11546:Côte d'Ivoire 11544: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11524: 11522: 11518: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11497: 11490: 11487: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11460: 11453: 11450: 11446: 11445:2016 conflict 11443: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11422: 11419: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11397: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11369: 11365: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11336: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11314: 11313: 11312:Libyan Crisis 11310: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11298: 11291: 11288: 11285: 11282: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11234: 11229: 11227: 11222: 11220: 11215: 11214: 11211: 11195: 11194:Loyalist feud 11192: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11135: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11089: 11088: 11085: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11076: 11073: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11048: 11047: 11044: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11026: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11006: 11005:Yemeni crisis 11003: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10996: 10993: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10984: 10983:Iraq conflict 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10903:Kalay clashes 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10889: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10877: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10840: 10839: 10836: 10835: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10790: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10763: 10757: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10744: 10740: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10700: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10664: 10661: 10657: 10647: 10644: 10640: 10637: 10636: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10599: 10598: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10588: 10580: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10569:War in Darfur 10567: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10547:Libyan Crisis 10545: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10511: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10481: 10480:War in Amhara 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10446: 10440: 10437: 10433: 10432:M23 offensive 10430: 10429: 10428: 10427:Kivu conflict 10425: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10376: 10373: 10369: 10365: 10358: 10353: 10351: 10346: 10344: 10339: 10338: 10335: 10325: 10321: 10316: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10288: 10285: 10281: 10277: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10260: 10253: 10248: 10241: 10237: 10234: 10229: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10188: 10184: 10178: 10171: 10167: 10164: 10159: 10152: 10147: 10140: 10136: 10133: 10128: 10121: 10117: 10114: 10109: 10102: 10097: 10095: 10087: 10083: 10080: 10075: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10056: 10049: 10044: 10037: 10033: 10030: 10025: 10018: 10013: 10006: 10002: 9999: 9994: 9987: 9982: 9975: 9971: 9968: 9963: 9956: 9952: 9949: 9944: 9928: 9922: 9920: 9912: 9907: 9900: 9896: 9893: 9888: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9851: 9846: 9839: 9834: 9827: 9822: 9815: 9810: 9803: 9798: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9774: 9767: 9762: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9731: 9724: 9719: 9712: 9707: 9700: 9696: 9693: 9688: 9681: 9676: 9674: 9666: 9661: 9654: 9649: 9642: 9637: 9630: 9625: 9618: 9613: 9606: 9602: 9599: 9594: 9587: 9583: 9580: 9575: 9573: 9565: 9561: 9558: 9553: 9546: 9541: 9534: 9530: 9527: 9522: 9515: 9510: 9503: 9499: 9496: 9491: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9453: 9446: 9441: 9434: 9430: 9427: 9422: 9415: 9411: 9408: 9403: 9396: 9391: 9384: 9379: 9377: 9369: 9364: 9362: 9354: 9349: 9342: 9337: 9329: 9323: 9307: 9301: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9270: 9265: 9263: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9224: 9220: 9217: 9212: 9205: 9201: 9198: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9173: 9169: 9162: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9120: 9116: 9110: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9068: 9064: 9058: 9042: 9038: 9032: 9016: 9012: 9006: 8999: 8994: 8979: 8975: 8969: 8953: 8949: 8943: 8928:. 25 May 2023 8927: 8923: 8917: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8824: 8820: 8814: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8714: 8698: 8697:Actu Cameroun 8694: 8688: 8672: 8666: 8651: 8650:Actu Cameroun 8647: 8640: 8624: 8618: 8602: 8596: 8580: 8574: 8558: 8552: 8536: 8530: 8514: 8508: 8492: 8486: 8470: 8464: 8448: 8442: 8426: 8420: 8404: 8398: 8382: 8376: 8360: 8356: 8350: 8334: 8328: 8312: 8306: 8290: 8283: 8267: 8261: 8245: 8238: 8222: 8215: 8199: 8192: 8176: 8170: 8168: 8151: 8144: 8128: 8124: 8118: 8103: 8096: 8080: 8074: 8058: 8051: 8036: 8032: 8025: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7983: 7976: 7960: 7954: 7938: 7932: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7908: 7901: 7896: 7889: 7884: 7882: 7874: 7869: 7862: 7857: 7850: 7845: 7838: 7833: 7826: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7790: 7785: 7778: 7773: 7771: 7763: 7758: 7751: 7746: 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4198: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4178: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4080: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4042: 4035: 4030: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4011: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3962: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3920: 3904: 3900: 3899:Quartz Africa 3896: 3890: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3871: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3810: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3734: 3730: 3729:pctechmag.com 3726: 3720: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3614: 3610: 3609:StopBlaBlaCam 3606: 3600: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3433: 3427: 3419: 3417:9781506327150 3413: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3386: 3381: 3373: 3371:9781857431834 3367: 3363: 3362: 3354: 3352: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3333: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3295:9789956792795 3292: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3211: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3191:0-19-829645-2 3188: 3184: 3178: 3171: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3143: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3102: 3100:9781588262493 3096: 3092: 3091: 3083: 3075: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3028:. 6 July 2020 3027: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2898: 2894: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2833: 2829: 2828:Quartz Africa 2825: 2819: 2817: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2635: 2630: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2524:United States 2521: 2517: 2516:African Union 2511: 2501: 2492: 2490: 2485: 2484:Maurice Kamto 2481: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2440: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2379: 2375: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2327: 2320: 2315: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2296: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2260: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:guerrilla war 2159: 2155: 2152: 2143: 2135: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2003: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1787: 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