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the
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1922 and communicated by him to other Eastern Patriarchs (some of whom, including the Russian Patriarch, signed a contrary declaration in 1948) is in practice without effect. The Eastern Orthodox Church classifies Anglican clergymen who join it as laypeople, and, if they are to function as clergy, administers ordination to them.
1000:, as well as the faith, worship, and teaching of traditional Anglicanism and historical Christianity—which they believe the Anglican Communion has deviated from. The older Reformed Episcopal churches maintained the lineage of bishops without accepting the idea that sacraments are valid only if administered by clergy in such a lineage.
569:, the confiscation of Church properties, the dissolution of the monasteries, the execution of priests, forced attendance at Anglican worship, forced payment of tithes to the state church and the illegalization of the Catholic faith. There was a brief restoration of communion with Rome during the reign of
923:
was established in 1999, building on the work of earlier commissions, which had published their work in the Dublin
Statement, and the Anglican Oriental Orthodox International Commission was established in 2001. Thus far, most common ground has been established only concerning matters of the historic
911:
in places where members of one or the other communion are without clergy of their own." Raphael stated that in places "where there is no resident
Orthodox Priest", an Anglican priest could administer Marriage, Holy Baptism, and the Blessed Sacrament to an Orthodox layperson. In 1912, however, Bishop
660:
was formed, bringing the
Anglican churches of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland and the Episcopal churches of Portugal and Spain into full communion with the Lutheran Church in Great Britain, the Lutheran churches of the Scandinavian countries (Iceland, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden), and
1046:
An
Anglican church shares a church building and worship space with another church on a fortnightly rotation. One Sunday, the service is Anglican. Next Sunday, the service is of the other church. The congregation can be almost identical on each Sunday so that it is the leaders and style that change.
942:
Regarding mutual recognition of ministry, the
Eastern Orthodox Churches are reluctant to even consider the question of the validity of holy orders in isolation from the rest of the Christian faith, so in practice they treat Anglican ordinations as invalid. Thus the favourable judgement expressed by
501:
of 1888. The four points (the sufficiency of scripture, as the "ultimate standard of faith", the historic creeds, the two dominical sacraments, and the historic episcopate) were stipulated as the basis for church unity, "a basis on which approach may be by God's blessing made towards Home
Reunion":
1018:
Given the range of concerns and the grounds for schism, there is as much diversity in the theological and liturgical orientations of the free churches, the
Continuing Anglican churches, and the independent Anglican bodies as there is among churches of the Anglican Communion. Some are Evangelical,
581:
in 1570 and authorization of rebellion against her contributed to official suspicion of the allegiances of
English Catholics. This, combined with a desire to assert the claims of the established church, led initially to renewed persecution by the state, and to the continued enforcement of severe
1038:
An
Anglican church is part of an ecumenical centre. One type of centre is much like a shopping plaza where the various churches share one physical building but maintain separate spaces and, possibly, separate entrances. The other type of ecumenical centre consists of a common hall or space that
742:
Protestant denominations. This has not prevented a range of reports by bilateral commissions producing descriptions of converging theology and practice however, such as Conversations around the World (2005), a report of conversations between the representatives of the Anglican Communion and the
1015:, but have no historic connection to the Anglican Communion. Unlike the socially conservative Continuing Anglican churches and the Church of England in South Africa, some of these tiny jurisdictions are openly oriented towards the Gay and Lesbian community and do ordain women clergy.
648:
tradition has helped immensely, since they are essentially the only Western churches outside of Roman Catholicism which have maintained official liturgies; indeed, the liturgies of both bodies are often nearly identical in wording to each other (as is the Roman Catholic
1061:
An Anglican and another church hold joint services every Sunday, led by a leader from both churches to a mixed congregation. However, the Roman Catholic Church still insists that the Catholic Mass is celebrated separately and there is no eucharistic
931:
in the Roman Catholic Church a small number of United States Anglicans have been received into certain jurisdictions of the Orthodox Church while retaining the use of a revision of the Prayer Book liturgy authorised for use in the Orthodox Church by
738:. This, as well as Anglican stands on certain social issues such as the ordination of priests and bishops in public same-sex relationships and the practice of blessing gay unions, has likewise hindered dialogue between Anglicans and conservative
821:
The issue of apostolic succession, as well as the willingness of some North American dioceses to offer partnership blessings and priestly ordination to people in same-sex sexual relationships, have hindered dialogue between Anglicans and
505:
Although they are not considered members, some non-Anglican bodies have entered into communion with the Communion as a whole or with its constituent member churches, despite having non-Anglican origins and traditions, such as the
891:
Historically, some Eastern Orthodox bishops have assisted in the ordination of Anglican bishops; for example, in 1870, Alexander Lycurgus, the Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Syra and Tinos, was one of the bishops who consecrated
887:
as valid. He wrote: "That the orthodox theologians who have scientifically examined the question have almost unanimously come to the same conclusions and have declared themselves as accepting the validity of Anglican Orders."
793:
Outside of Asia, direct consultations with other Protestant churches apart from Lutherans have, for the most part, been less fruitful. Movements toward full communion between the Anglican Church of Canada and the
644:. Also, a general agreement on doctrine between the Anglican and Lutheran traditions has helped relations, at least between the mainstream movements. Also, the fact that both still retain a strong
1023:. What they have in common is a conviction that mainstream Anglicanism in North America, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere has departed from acceptable principles of belief or practice, or both.
920:
1054:
An Anglican church is home to a minister or priest of a different church who leads the occasional service. For example, there is a Lutheran street priest based out of the Anglican cathedral in
771:. The united churches maintain an episcopal and synodical structure and consecrate bishops in apostolic succession while incorporating distinctives from other traditions such as that of the
640:) between countries, there was a natural tendency for British princes/princesses to wed Lutheran (and therefore, not Roman Catholic) royals from the mainland and the Lutheran houses of
543:
and its predecessors, in which Anglicans have been involved from the first. Anglican representatives were particularly involved in the development of the seminal Faith and Order paper,
786:, or adopted a similar name containing "Anglican". The total membership of these churches has been estimated at 800,000. Most have recently entered into communion with churches of the
547:, which sought to develop common ground concerning these issues, and have been at the centre of the process of developing recent work on the "Nature and Mission of the Church".
957:
A number of jurisdictions identify themselves as "Anglican" but are not in communion with Canterbury. They therefore are outside the Anglican Communion. Several, such as the
1011:, which is part of the Anglican Communion. Other churches, however, have adopted the Anglican name, the Book of Common Prayer, Anglican vestments, and — in some cases — the
582:
legal restrictions. Most of these restrictions endured for 250 years and were only relieved through several legislative reforms in the 19th century, cumulatively known as
965:
in the United States left the Anglican Communion in the 1800s in reaction to the inroads of the Catholic Revival and the controversy it produced in the church over
1894:
1386:
1544:
1804:
775:, which comes from Presbyterianism. As a percentage of the total population in the region, these united churches are not significant, but aside from
42:
1942:
1701:
1047:
This usually occurs in small and remote communities but there are city examples. For example, St Mark's Anglican Church/Trinity United Church in
89:
718:
churches apart from Lutherans have also been fruitful. However, movements toward full communion between the Anglican Church of Canada and the
1616:
306:
61:
1356:
Journal of the Proceedings of the One Hundred and Ninth Annual Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of New Hampshire
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and dialogues with both Orthodox and Lutheran churches in the sixteenth century. In the nineteenth century, with the rise of the
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was the official doctrine, have had amicable relations. This has, in part, been nurtured by marriages between members of the
523:
57:
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Raphael ended the intercommunion after becoming uncomfortable with the fact that the Anglican Communion contained different
1039:
various churches or faiths occupy on a schedule. For example, the first ecumenical church to be built in Canada in 1968 in
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752:
556:
1909:
1831:
1737:
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1468:.: Discusses prospects for reunion of the dissenting denominations (free churches) in England with the Church of England.
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Ecumenical joint worship from an Episcopalian–Anglican perspective in North American takes one of the following forms:
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489:, there arose greater concern for reunion of the churches of "Catholic confession". This desire to work towards full
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were derailed because of the issue of episcopacy and the mutual recognition of ordained ministry (specifically,
747:, most Anglican churches have entered into formal union with other Protestant denominations, with the resulting
1937:
565:. Long-term hostility between the two Communions was engendered by resistance in England to the declaration of
46:
573:. Her death marked the end of Catholic attempts to reconcile by law the English Church to Rome. Subsequently,
82:
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1981:
1599:
897:
636:, and forming familial royal bonds was historically deemed necessary at times to form alliances (and prevent
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The Apostolic Succession and the Catholic Episcopate in the Christian Episcopal Church of Canada
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Christian Unity: the Anglican Position: Olaus Petri Lectures at Upsala University, October 1946
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for example. These agreements, which date from the 1940s and 1950s, led to the creation of the
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1259:
The Orthodox Web Site for information about the faith, life and worship of the Orthodox Church
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is conservative, long-established, and has a substantial membership. It is separate from the
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Later, during the 1960s and 1970s, disagreements with certain provincial bodies — chiefly in
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the Lutheran churches of the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). In 2001, the
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586:. The prohibition on Catholics succeeding to the British Crown (and by extension the other
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653:) and, thus provide a familiar bond between members who visit between denominations.
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Ecumenical dialogue has been particularly fruitful in three realms. The first is the
259:
227:
980:— over such issues as prayer book revision, the remarriage of divorced persons, the
1986:
1932:
1716:
1572:
1091:
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907:, an Eastern Orthodox bishop, "sanctioned an interchange of ministrations with the
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churches being a part of multiple communions, including the Anglican Communion and
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Churches of Northern Europe in Profile: A Thousand Years of Anglo-Nordic Relations
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Those that did not join with the union agreements in South Asia retained the name
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and the state churches of current (and former) mainland European monarchies where
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There are also independent jurisdictions unrelated to the preceding schisms. The
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1324:"A Profile of Brian Heinrich, Street Priest and new addition to Cathedral Staff"
1958:
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1020:
996:" because of their determination to preserve (or "continue") the episcopate in
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and the royal (Protestant) houses of Europe, especially the descendants of
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1412:
Church Reunion: Discussed on the Basis of the Lambeth Propositions of 1888
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In addition, full communion agreements have been reached between various
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726:, were both derailed because of the issue of episcopacy, specifically,
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1395:. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 132–154.
24:
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Relationships between the Anglican church and other denominations
1636:
1247:
Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of New Hampshire 1910
989:
883:
In 1922 the Patriarch of Constantinople recognised Anglican
880:
Dialogue has also been fruitful with the Orthodox churches.
1352:
Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of New Hampshire
946:
637:
598:
Another fruitful realm of dialogue has been with various
1019:
others charismatic and Evangelical, and yet others are
493:
with other denominations led to the development of the
1230:
1228:
1471:
1213:
1026:
593:
1073:
1225:
722:, as well as between the Church of England and the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1442:Middle East Ecumenism from an Anglican Perspective
1066:There is a diversity of models for joint worship.
1303:"St Mark's Anglican Church/Trinity United Church"
1035:An Anglican church rents space to another church.
988:relationships led to another and quite different
802:). The same issue blocked the first attempt at a
703:
2015:
984:, and the acceptance by a few of the bishops of
916:within Her, e.g. High Church, Evangelical, etc.
1472:Fairweather, E. R.; Hettlinger, R. F. (1953) .
530:Diplomatic ecumenism: quest for Christian unity
481:dialogue can be traced back to the time of the
992:. These Anglican churches are usually called "
1538:
1196:"The Ecumenical Patriarch on Anglican Orders"
455:
1358:. Concord, New Hampshire: The Rumford Press.
919:The current International Commission of the
534:
858:Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac
840:Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius
1545:
1531:
1480:
927:In a move parallel to the parishes of the
462:
448:
1568:Supreme Governor of the Church of England
1444:. South Bend, Indiana: Cloverdale Books.
1439:
836:Anglican and Eastern Churches Association
779:, they are numerically very substantial.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1502:
843:
628:, was a Lutheran). Since the monarch of
550:
1487:The Church-Idea: An Essay towards Unity
1362:
1219:
1177:. Anglican-methodist.org.uk. 2003-11-01
947:Anglican churches outside the communion
860:, with bishop Anthony Kozlowski of the
2016:
1552:
1507:. Norwich, England: Canterbury Press.
1458:
1138:Anglican Church of Canada news release
921:Anglican-Orthodox Theological Dialogue
806:between the Church of England and the
692:and smaller denominations such as the
679:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
561:The second concerns dialogue with the
520:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
1526:
1384:
1234:
675:Episcopal Church in the United States
667:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
524:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
186:Anglican Communion Primates' Meetings
1583:Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting
1490:. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company
1427:
1408:
829:
753:World Communion of Reformed Churches
669:achieved full communion through the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1895:Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia
13:
1401:
1027:Practical ecumenism: joint worship
1009:Anglican Church of Southern Africa
790:and have North American parishes.
730:. The same problem applies to the
632:cannot (even today), by law, be a
594:Lutheran and Old Catholic Churches
58:"Anglican Communion and ecumenism"
14:
2045:
1389:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1005:Church of England in South Africa
854:Cathedral of St. Paul the Apostle
808:Methodist Church of Great Britain
724:Methodist Church of Great Britain
516:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church
1998:
1635:
1476:. London: A.R. Mowbray & Co.
1175:"An Anglican-Methodist Covenant"
1076:
1013:Thirty Nine Articles of Religion
939:in the early twentieth century.
557:Anglican–Roman Catholic dialogue
545:Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry
431:
131:
23:
1461:A Future for the Free Churches?
1435:. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
1409:Baum, Henry Mason, ed. (1890).
1343:
1316:
1295:
1270:
1252:
872:and Sebastian Dabovich) of the
862:Polish National Catholic Church
743:Baptist World Alliance. In the
34:needs additional citations for
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898:Suffragan Bishop of Nottingham
704:Other Protestant denominations
656:In the late 20th century, the
1:
1982:Philippine Independent Church
1805:Jerusalem and the Middle East
1600:Anglican Consultative Council
1102:
852:as an Anglican bishop at the
618:Royal Family of Great Britain
495:Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral
282:Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral
208:Anglican Consultative Council
1459:Driver, Christopher (1962).
1440:Borkowski, James D. (2007).
1415:. New York: Church Review Co
1385:Smith, Sydney Fenn (1912). "
1097:Local ecumenical partnership
994:Continuing Anglican churches
788:Continuing Anglican Movement
7:
1329:. Cathedral.vancouver.bc.ca
1143:September 29, 2007, at the
1069:
10:
2050:
1264:November 26, 2007, at the
1041:Whistler, British Columbia
950:
868:(along with his chaplains
866:Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow
833:
826:Protestant denominations.
812:Churches Uniting in Christ
732:Churches Uniting in Christ
707:
554:
181:Anglican Communion history
1995:
1956:
1920:Extra-provincial churches
1918:
1887:
1851:
1781:
1730:
1644:
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1560:
1278:"Whistler Village Church"
963:Reformed Episcopal Church
714:Consultations with other
681:under the joint document
663:Anglican Church of Canada
541:World Council of Churches
535:World Council of Churches
1768:United States of America
1578:Archbishop of Canterbury
1482:Huntington, William Reed
1161:August 23, 2007, at the
784:Anglican Church of India
690:ecclesiastical provinces
683:Called to Common Mission
497:, approved by the Third
161:Archbishop of Canterbury
2005:Christianity portal
1967:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
1503:Ă–sterlin, Lars (1995).
1156:Episcopal Life Archives
874:Russian Orthodox Church
796:United Church of Canada
720:United Church of Canada
438:Christianity portal
1731:Pan-American provinces
1474:Episcopacy and Reunion
959:Free Church of England
877:
577:'s excommunication of
1972:Malabar Syrian Church
1682:Mozambique and Angola
1392:Catholic Encyclopedia
1364:Redmile, Robert David
953:Bartonville Agreement
850:Reginald Heber Weller
847:
834:Further information:
761:Church of South India
757:Church of North India
708:Further information:
590:) remains in effect.
584:Catholic Emancipation
563:Roman Catholic Church
551:Roman Catholic Church
510:and Lutherans of the
336:Book of Common Prayer
2034:Protestant ecumenism
1463:. London: SCM Press.
1387:Union of Christendom
998:apostolic succession
848:The consecration of
800:apostolic succession
769:Church of Bangladesh
728:apostolic succession
671:Waterloo Declaration
266:Thirty-nine Articles
43:improve this article
1795:Hong Kong and Macao
1617:Ordination of women
1590:Lambeth Conferences
1305:. Ship-of-fools.com
1084:Christianity portal
982:ordination of women
905:Raphael of Brooklyn
745:Indian subcontinent
694:Old Catholic Church
588:Commonwealth realms
508:Old Catholic Church
326:Liturgy and worship
307:Ordination of women
2029:Anglican Communion
2024:Anglican ecumenism
1933:Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1888:Oceanian provinces
1852:European provinces
1554:Anglican Communion
1429:Bell, George K. A.
929:pastoral provision
878:
814:initiative in the
765:Church of Pakistan
734:initiative in the
605:Historically, the
499:Lambeth Conference
238:Christian theology
198:Lambeth Conference
125:Anglican Communion
2011:
2010:
1863:Diocese in Europe
1645:African provinces
1514:978-1-85311-128-0
1451:978-1-929569-27-4
1377:978-1-60034-517-3
830:Orthodox churches
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607:Church of England
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1910:Papua New Guinea
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710:English Covenant
658:Porvoo Communion
624:(whose husband,
512:Porvoo Communion
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218:Episcopal polity
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1861:(including the
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1815:Myanmar (Burma)
1782:Asian provinces
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1748:Central America
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1697:Southern Africa
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1370:. Xulon Press.
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1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1959:full communion
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
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1930:
1924:
1922:
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1662:Central Africa
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1642:
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1634:
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1315:
1294:
1269:
1251:
1249:, p. 411.
1239:
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1021:Anglo-Catholic
978:United Kingdom
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698:Bonn Agreement
634:Roman Catholic
622:Queen Victoria
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361:Biblical Canon
358:
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346:Evening Prayer
339:
331:
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322:
320:
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317:Windsor Report
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31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
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3:
2:
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2027:
2025:
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2019:
2006:
2001:
1994:
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1968:
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1763:South America
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1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
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1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:Homosexuality
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
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1361:
1357:
1353:
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1319:
1304:
1298:
1284:on 2007-08-09
1283:
1279:
1273:
1267:
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1202:on 2002-01-25
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987:
983:
979:
975:
974:North America
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968:
964:
960:
954:
944:
940:
938:
935:
930:
925:
922:
917:
915:
910:
909:Episcopalians
906:
901:
899:
895:
889:
886:
881:
875:
871:
870:John Kochurov
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
841:
837:
827:
825:
819:
817:
816:United States
813:
809:
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801:
797:
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789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
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746:
741:
737:
736:United States
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
711:
701:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
673:, as did the
672:
668:
664:
659:
654:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:Prince Albert
623:
619:
615:
614:Protestantism
612:
608:
603:
601:
591:
589:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
558:
548:
546:
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509:
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453:
451:
446:
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443:
442:
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429:
428:
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421:Christian art
419:
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414:
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407:
404:
403:
401:
400:
396:
395:
387:
384:
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379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
367:
366:Churchmanship
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
343:
340:
338:
337:
333:
332:
330:
329:
325:
324:
318:
315:
313:
312:Homosexuality
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
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278:
275:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1957:Churches in
1672:Indian Ocean
1621:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1486:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1441:
1432:
1417:. Retrieved
1411:
1390:
1367:
1355:
1344:Bibliography
1331:. Retrieved
1318:
1307:. Retrieved
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1272:
1254:
1242:
1220:Redmile 2006
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:the original
1190:
1179:. Retrieved
1169:
1151:
1133:
1119:
1110:
1065:
1030:
1017:
1002:
971:
956:
941:
926:
918:
902:
890:
882:
879:
820:
792:
783:
781:
713:
687:
655:
604:
597:
560:
544:
538:
504:
477:interest in
473:
397:Other topics
344: /
334:
301:
264:
171:Justin Welby
152:Organisation
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1842:South India
1832:Philippines
1820:North India
1773:West Indies
1722:West Africa
1702:South Sudan
1494:8 September
1419:8 September
976:and in the
824:evangelical
740:evangelical
642:Scandinavia
579:Elizabeth I
575:Pope Pius V
483:Reformation
406:Monasticism
253:Holy Spirit
146:Anglicanism
2018:Categories
1789:Bangladesh
1652:Alexandria
1333:2019-01-17
1309:2019-01-17
1288:2007-08-08
1235:Smith 1912
1206:2015-03-16
1181:2019-01-17
1103:References
986:homosexual
951:See also:
777:Bangladesh
716:Protestant
696:after the
646:liturgical
602:churches.
522:, and the
479:ecumenical
287:Sacraments
69:newspapers
1905:Melanesia
1900:Australia
1622:Ecumenism
1125:"Members"
1056:Vancouver
1049:Vancouver
967:ritualism
934:Patriarch
903:In 1910,
773:Moderator
700:of 1931.
491:communion
351:Eucharist
302:Ecumenism
99:June 2010
1943:Portugal
1874:Scotland
1844:(United)
1828:(United)
1826:Pakistan
1822:(United)
1791:(United)
1712:Tanzania
1627:Dioceses
1484:(1870).
1431:(1948).
1366:(2006).
1354:(1910).
1262:Archived
1159:Archived
1141:Archived
1070:See also
1062:sharing.
961:and the
924:creeds.
864:and the
804:covenant
767:and the
677:and the
665:and the
611:Lutheran
600:Lutheran
475:Anglican
260:Doctrine
228:Theology
191:primates
142:a series
140:Part of
1928:Bermuda
1869:Ireland
1859:England
1687:Nigeria
1657:Burundi
1561:General
896:as the
876:present
856:in the
630:England
381:Central
342:Morning
213:Bishops
83:scholar
1758:Mexico
1743:Canada
1738:Brazil
1717:Uganda
1692:Rwanda
1511:
1448:
1374:
990:schism
885:orders
763:, the
759:, the
571:Mary I
518:, the
297:Saints
243:Father
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1948:Spain
1879:Wales
1810:Korea
1800:Japan
1753:Chile
1707:Sudan
1677:Kenya
1667:Congo
1327:(PDF)
411:Music
386:Broad
90:JSTOR
76:books
1594:2022
1509:ISBN
1496:2017
1446:ISBN
1421:2017
1372:ISBN
838:and
651:Mass
371:High
292:Mary
202:2022
62:news
1466:N.B
638:war
376:Low
248:Son
144:on
45:by
2020::
1227:^
969:.
900:.
818:.
685:.
526:.
514:,
1865:)
1596:)
1592:(
1546:e
1539:t
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1423:.
1380:.
1336:.
1312:.
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1209:.
1184:.
1127:.
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1051:.
1043:.
463:e
456:t
449:v
204:)
200:(
193:)
189:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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