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collective protest to the
Hungarian Government calling for the suspension of deportations of the Jews. The government complied, and banned the "death marches" - but Budapest was by that stage near anarchy, and deportations continued from 21 November. The Arrow Cross continued their orgy of violence, raiding the international Ghetto and murdering Jews, as Soviet forces approached the city. Rotta and Wallenberg were among the few diplomats to remain in Budapest. Following the Soviet conquest of the city, Wallenberg was seized by the Russians and taken to Moscow, from where he was never released. Gilbert wrote that of the hundred and fifty thousand Jews who had been in Budapest when the Germans arrived in March 1944, almost 120,000 survived to liberation - 69,000 from the Big Ghetto, 25,000 in the International Ghetto and a further 25,000 hiding out in Christian homes and religious institutes across the city.
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On 15 November 1944, the
Hungarian Government established the "Big Ghetto" for 69,000 Jews, while a further 30,000 with protective documents went to the International Ghetto. On 19 November 1944, the Vatican joined the four other neutral powers - Sweden, Spain, Portugal and Switzerland - in a further
407:
members killing Jews in the streets of
Budapest, Angelo Rotta, the senior Vatican representative in Budapest, took a lead in establishing an "International Ghetto", consisting of several dozen modern apartment buildings to which large numbers of Jews - eventually 25,000 - were brought and to which
411:
Rotta also got permission from the
Vatican to begin issuing protective passes to Jewish converts - and was eventually able to distribute more than 15,000 such protective passes, while instructing the drafters of the documents not to examine the recipients' credentials too closely. A Red Cross
412:
official asked Rotta for pre-signed blank identity papers, to offer to the sick and needy fleeing the Arrow Cross, and was given the documents with Rotta's blessing. Rotta encouraged
Hungarian church leaders to help their "Jewish brothers", and directed Fr
357:, the Vatican Secretary of State, on 1 November 1922. He was named Apostolic Internuncio to Panama as well on 21 September 1923 even as his responsibilities toward other countries in Central America continued. On 9 May 1925, Pope Pius appointed him
773:
352:
named him titular archbishop of Thebes and
Apostolic Internuncio to Central America, which then covered Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal
395:
representing Pope Pius XII in
Hungary, Rotta actively protested Hungary's mistreatment of the Jews, and helped persuade Pope Pius XII to lobby the Hungarian leader
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the Swiss, Swedish, Portuguese, and
Spanish legations, as well as the Vatican, affixed their emblems."
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Rotta was born in Milan, Italy, on 9 August 1872. He was ordained a priest on 10 February 1895.
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to go to the forced marches and distribute letters of immunity to as many Jews as he could.
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In 2010 a section of embankment on the Buda side of the river Danube in
Budapest (between
8:
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317:(9 August 1872 – 1 February 1965) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. As the
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929:
373:
197:
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Martin
Gilbert; The Righteous - The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust; Doubleday; 2002;
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Martin Gilbert; The Righteous - The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust; Doubleday; 2002;
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718:
Martin Gilbert; The Righteous - The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust; Doubleday; 2002;
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Martin Gilbert; The Righteous - The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust; Doubleday; 2002;
467:). As the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, he vehemently protested several times to the
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In 1944 - 1945 Rotta contributed greatly to the saving action of the Neutral Powers (
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paid him a surprise visit at his Vatican residence on Easter Sunday in March 1964.
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Angelo Rotta commemorative plaque in Budapest District I, Dísz Square No 4–5.
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by issuing them baptismal certificates and safe conducts for the trip to
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to stop their deportation. According to historian of the Holocaust
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329:, he was involved in the rescue of the Jews of Budapest from the
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800:"The Righteous Among The Nations – Rotta Angelo (1872 - 1965)"
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109:
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774:"Pope Bids Atheists Turn to Religion For a Goal in Life"
984:
568:(in Italian). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. p. 104
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Apostolic Internuncio to Central America (1922–1923)
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863:Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano
471:Governments against the Jewish Deportations.
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734:
732:
714:
712:
710:
661:
550:Internunzio Apostolico nell'America Centrale
515:("Angelo Rotta embankment") in his honour.
45:Apostolic Internuncio to Panama (1923–1925)
1071:Participants in the Second Vatican Council
565:Le Nunziature Apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956
302:
288:
729:
707:
561:
540:. Vol. XIV. 1922. pp. 551, 563
388:, a position he held for fifteen years.
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56:Apostolic Nuncio to Hungary (1930–1945)
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483:Rotta retired from diplomacy in 1957.
384:On 20 March 1930, Pope Pius named him
1081:Catholic Righteous Among the Nations
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1076:Italian Righteous Among the Nations
649:. Vol. XXII. 1930. p. 330
622:. Vol. XVII. 1925. p. 332
13:
14:
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595:. Vol. XV. 1923. p. 528
441:International Red Cross Committee
364:During his diplomatic service in
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1006:
994:
333:. He is a significant figure in
171:
1061:Apostolic nuncios to Costa Rica
806:from the original on 2019-01-30
792:
766:
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679:from the original on 2013-10-04
1096:Italian expatriates in Hungary
690:
669:"Raoul Wallenberg - Diplomats"
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607:
580:
555:
525:
340:
1:
1101:Italian expatriates in Greece
518:
335:Catholic resistance to Nazism
145:Catholic prelate and diplomat
1056:Apostolic nuncios to Hungary
870:Titular archbishop of Thebes
562:De Marchi, Giuseppe (1957).
451:, and led, among others, by
359:Apostolic Delegate to Turkey
49:Apostolic Delegate to Turkey
29:Titular Archbishop of Thebae
7:
1091:Latin archbishops of Thebes
1066:Apostolic nuncios to Turkey
845:budapestvacationservice.com
494:Righteous among the Nations
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386:Apostolic Nuncio to Hungary
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1111:Budapest in World War II
1086:The Holocaust in Hungary
1051:Jewish Bulgarian history
923:Ernesto Eugenio Filippi
854:Catholic Church titles
643:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
616:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
589:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
534:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
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899:Apostolic Internuncio
492:He was recognized as
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513:Angelo Rotta rakpart
348:On 16 October 1922,
973:Title next held by
930:Apostolic Delegate
198:Seven Laws of Noah
157:
1106:Clergy from Milan
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938:Succeeded by
910:Succeeded by
884:Diplomatic posts
837:A short biography
829:A short biography
380:Nuncio to Hungary
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165:Among the Nations
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958:Apostolic Nuncio
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889:Preceded by
860:Preceded by
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509:Batthyány Square
461:Raoul Wallenberg
453:Giorgio Perlasca
368:, he saved many
319:Apostolic Nuncio
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188:Rescuers of Jews
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159:
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120:February 1, 1965
90:Personal details
72:10 February 1895
36:Previous post(s)
31:Apostolic Nuncio
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16:Italian diplomat
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903:Central America
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780:. 30 March 1964
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80:1 November 1922
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802:. Yad Vashem.
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370:Bulgarian Jews
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331:Nazi Holocaust
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977:Angelo Acerbi
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102:9 August 1872
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840:(in English)
832:(in Italian)
808:. Retrieved
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782:. Retrieved
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681:. Retrieved
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651:. Retrieved
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624:. Retrieved
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597:. Retrieved
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570:. Retrieved
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542:. Retrieved
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512:
511:) was named
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487:Pope Paul VI
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393:Papal Nuncio
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350:Pope Pius XI
347:
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327:World War II
315:Angelo Rotta
314:
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122:(1965-02-01)
99:Angelo Rotta
77:Consecration
23:Angelo Rotta
1046:1965 deaths
1041:1872 births
1013:Catholicism
761:0385 60100X
744:0385 60100X
724:0385 60100X
702:0385 60100X
626:20 December
599:20 December
433:Switzerland
405:Arrow Cross
341:Early years
134:Nationality
53:(1925–1930)
1035:Categories
966:1930–1945
935:1925–1930
932:to Turkey
907:1922–1925
874:1922–1965
810:8 November
683:2013-10-07
519:References
498:Yad Vashem
439:) and the
246:Lithuanian
212:By country
203:Yad Vashem
142:Occupation
69:Ordination
1001:Biography
500:in 1997.
469:Hungarian
449:Carl Lutz
374:Palestine
276:Ukrainian
251:Norwegian
241:Hungarian
163:Righteous
804:Archived
784:6 August
746:; p. 344
726:; p. 341
704:; p. 337
677:Archived
653:29 April
479:Post-war
445:Budapest
421:Portugal
403:, "With
366:Bulgaria
323:Budapest
266:Romanian
226:Croatian
221:Austrian
82:by
987:Portals
962:Hungary
572:11 July
544:14 July
437:Vatican
271:Serbian
137:Italian
129:, Italy
127:Vatican
970:Vacant
878:Vacant
759:
742:
722:
700:
435:, the
429:Sweden
256:Polish
236:German
64:Orders
1025:Italy
647:(PDF)
620:(PDF)
593:(PDF)
538:(PDF)
425:Spain
231:Czech
110:Italy
106:Milan
812:2017
786:2019
757:ISBN
740:ISBN
720:ISBN
698:ISBN
655:2020
628:2019
601:2019
574:2020
546:2020
507:and
260:list
117:Died
95:Born
960:to
901:to
496:by
443:in
391:As
321:in
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731:^
709:^
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814:.
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657:.
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603:.
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303:e
296:t
289:v
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258:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
