459:
mistrust between
Byzantines and Crusaders, especially as the Byzantines' supplies dwindled, and Amalric refused to share his own with them but sold them at exorbitant prices. Exasperated by the dragging-on of the siege and the suffering of his troops, Kontostephanos once again disobeyed Manuel's instructions ordering him to obey Amalric in all things, and launched with his troops a final attack on the city. As the Byzantines were about to storm the walls, Amalric stopped them by announcing that a negotiated surrender of Damietta had just taken place. The discipline and cohesion of the Byzantine army almost instantly disintegrated after the news of the peace deal were announced, with troops burning the engines and boarding the ships in groups without order. Left with only six ships, Kontostephanos accompanied Amalric back to Palestine, returning home with part of his army by land through the crusader states of the Levant, while about half of the Byzantine ships that had sailed from Damietta was lost in a series of storms on its return journey, with the last ships arriving in their home ports only in late spring 1170.
138:
379:
506:. Learning of the Venetians' true whereabouts, he turned back north, but although he managed to capture or sink several stragglers, he was unable to bring the main Venetian fleet to battle. Doge Vitale II returned his fleet to Venice on 28 May, but the losses suffered and the failure to gain any concrete objective led to his lynching by the angry mob.
485:
to spend the winter. The
Venetians sent envoys to negotiate, but Manuel allowed them to drag on until his own counterstroke, 150 ships under Kontostephanos' command, was ready. In the meantime, the Venetians suffered of disease on Chios. In April 1172, Kontostephanos set sail, but the Venetians were
526:
parts of the
Byzantine force were very badly mauled; however, Andronikos Kontostephanos managed to get his division, bringing up the rear, through the pass with few casualties. He is credited with having persuaded his uncle the emperor, whose confidence had been severely shaken, to remain with his
313:
Stephen IV's death transformed the conflict into a plain
Byzantine–Hungarian war over Sirmium and Dalmatia; both areas were re-occupied by the Hungarians in 1166, after achieving major successes against the imperial forces. In response, Manuel I prepared a major counter-attack in 1167, appointing
558:
Andronikos
Kontostephanos, together with the general Andronikos Angelos, played a key role in allowing his forces to enter Constantinople. However, once in power, Andronikos Komnenos proved that he had a tyrannical nature and a vehement desire to break the power and influence of the Byzantine
458:
two weeks later. The
Christians delayed three days in attacking the city, allowing Saladin to hastily move in troops and supplies. The siege was prosecuted with vigour on both sides, with Kontostephanos and his men constructing huge siege towers, but the besiegers were hampered by the growing
453:
in late
September to find that Amalric had undertaken no preparations whatsoever. The delays on the part of the Crusaders infuriated Kontostephanos and sow mistrust among the ostensible allies. It was not until mid-October that the combined armies and fleets set forth, arriving at
466:, and in an attempt to curtail the Venetians' growing economic presence in his realm, Manuel imprisoned all Venetians in the Empire and confiscated all of their property. Venice retaliated by outfitting a fleet of 120 ships under
1261:
534:. He was dissuaded from continuing with the expedition by the refusal of Count Philip of Flanders, and many important nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, to actively co-operate with the Byzantine force.
382:
Upper register: Manuel and the envoys of
Amalric, an embassy which resulted in the despatch of the Byzantine force under Kontostephanos to invade Egypt. Lower register: arrival of the crusaders in Egypt
1399:
559:
aristocratic families. Kontostephanos and
Angelos reacted by plotting to overthrow Andronikos. The plot was discovered and Andronikos Kontostephanos was captured, whilst Angelos escaped. The
310:, disputed among the two realms. In 1164, Stephen IV invaded Hungary on his own account, but had to be rescued by an army under Andronikos. Soon after, he was poisoned by agents of his nephew.
1254:
189:
were an aristocratic
Byzantine family that rose to occupy a prominent place at the heart of Byzantine politics and power through their intermarrying with the imperial house of the
1612:
1247:
1713:
1224:
1193:
182:
205:
Andronikos was the leading Byzantine military figure during the reign of his uncle, Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Like his father he was appointed to the office of
1409:
1602:
1393:
527:
troops following the defeat. Through his influence with the emperor he was instrumental in facilitating the peaceful withdrawal of the Byzantine forces.
1688:
522:
ambushed Manuel's impressively large army as it moved through the pass of Tivritze in mountainous border region between the two states. In the ensuing
490:, one of Manuel's confidantes, and hastily abandoned Chios. Kontostephanos pursued them, but while the Venetians sailed north, raiding the islands of
197:
family, another clan with imperial connections. The couple had at least five sons, and possibly daughters, although none is mentioned in the sources.
1474:
487:
1389:
1045:
298:, who in 1162 expelled Stephen IV from the country. A prolonged conflict ensued, not only over the succession, but also over possession of
530:
The following year (1177), Andronikos led a fleet of 150 ships in another attempt to conquer Egypt, but he returned home after landing at
227:. However, his greatest success was as a general rather than as an admiral. At some point, Andronikos was also appointed commander of the
434:
324:, as the leader of the campaign, although he also gave him detailed instructions for the campaign. The Hungarian army, commanded by the
274:
Andronikos next appears, along with his brother Alexios, in the course of Manuel I's attempts to settle the dynastic succession in the
1718:
564:
1239:
1179:
1210:
263:
17:
550:. Her rule proved very unpopular, especially with the aristocracy who resented her Latin (Western) origins. When Manuel's cousin
1723:
422:
in the place of the moribund Fatimid government as ruler of Egypt, in what would prove a major turning-point of the Crusades.
246:
who held the city. Andronikos' father was killed during the siege in early 1149, dying in his son's arms. The French scholar
1140:
1112:
414:. The campaign, planned between the two Christian monarchs possibly since the marriage of Amalric with Manuel's great-niece
178:
290:, as his successors; both had spent time at the Byzantine court as exiles, and Stephen IV had even married Manuel's niece
578:
Due to his exploits, Andronikos is one of the few figures given heroic status in the works of the Byzantine historian
518:
in 1176, with the intention of taking its capital, Konya, and destroying Turkish power in Anatolia. The Seljuk sultan
1168:
1088:
1029:
415:
291:
339:
Andronikos received a message from Manuel, who forbade the battle to take place on that day due to unfavourable
1708:
1583:
687:, 96.22-98.4; Angold, p. 170. The command of the Byzantine forces in Corfu was eventually taken over by the
259:
1698:
411:
238:
in the winter of 1148/49. The Byzantine forces, led by his father Stephen, were attempting to expel the
328:
294:(who was also the first cousin of the Kontostephanoi brothers). This was opposed by Géza's eldest son,
515:
1703:
1642:
1484:
1269:
1160:
1061:
115:
1306:
1693:
1363:
1359:
523:
283:
91:
1632:
1326:
1316:
403:
335:
on the feast day of St. Procopius, 8 July 1167. As the battle was about to begin, according to
295:
146:
462:
On 12 March 1171, as the result of increasingly divergent interests between Byzantium and the
351:), thanks in large part to the crucial intervention of the reserves under Andronikos himself.
1728:
1518:
1281:
551:
474:
425:
Manuel mobilized a large force, well beyond what he was obliged, according to the chronicler
287:
418:
in 1167, would not only end in failure, but also lead to the establishment of the energetic
378:
279:
1355:
407:
395:
In 1169, Andronikos was appointed commander of a fleet carrying a Byzantine army to invade
8:
1652:
1636:
1443:
1290:
543:
325:
255:
220:
1548:
1512:
1468:
1379:
1039:
463:
275:
343:
omens. Andronikos ignored the order and kept it secret from his officers. The ensuing
1662:
1616:
1508:
1419:
1228:
1197:
1164:
1136:
1108:
1084:
1025:
1017:
579:
470:
396:
344:
336:
247:
243:
193:. Andronikos himself is believed to have married, ca. 1150, an unnamed member of the
174:
126:
87:
1557:
1544:
1464:
1346:
1271:
1150:
689:
547:
170:
166:
151:
122:
52:
433:
specially constructed to carry siege engines. The fleet set sail from the port of
1528:
1154:
1102:
519:
426:
384:
354:
The victory sealed Byzantine control over the region around Sirmium, plus all of
228:
224:
162:
1622:
1596:
1592:
1561:
1522:
1454:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1369:
1098:
1076:
467:
399:
363:
348:
321:
216:
212:
186:
103:
75:
509:
145:
Born ca. 1132/33, Andronikos Kontostephanos was the third and youngest son of
1682:
1232:
1201:
1053:
684:
660:
446:
367:
347:
resulted in "the most spectacular military victory during Manuel's reign" (
531:
450:
340:
262:
determined that this was a different person, namely his uncle and namesake
235:
1626:
1567:
1494:
1427:
1294:
438:
441:
on 8 July 1169. After defeating a small Egyptian scouting squadron near
1373:
693:
503:
502:, he assumed they would sail back westwards, and directed his fleet to
370:
into Constantinople with Andronikos Kontostephanos riding by his side.
316:
207:
157:
63:
481:
but were expelled by imperial troops, and then occupied the island of
1502:
1431:
546:. As Alexios was a child, power devolved on his mother, the empress
542:
Following the death of Manuel in 1180 the succession fell to his son
250:
erroneously placed Andronikos in partial command of an expedition to
137:
1532:
1383:
1320:
455:
359:
299:
190:
1666:
1498:
1488:
1478:
972:
Choniates, pp. 105-106; Angold, pp. 192-193; Finlay, pp. 192-195.
419:
307:
251:
239:
1656:
1646:
1606:
1571:
1458:
1334:
1310:
711:
499:
495:
491:
478:
442:
430:
355:
303:
194:
269:
1330:
482:
332:
141:
Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, uncle of Andronikos Kontostephanos
108:
373:
129:
as a general, admiral, politician and a leading aristocrat.
696:
who starved the Norman garrison into evacuating the island.
510:
Battle of Myriokephalon and second expedition against Egypt
954:
942:
918:
906:
894:
882:
870:
810:
798:
786:
776:
774:
759:
735:
699:
642:
618:
591:
1225:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
1194:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
822:
630:
608:
606:
846:
771:
723:
1270:
Rebels, secessionists, and autonomous magnates in the
930:
858:
834:
747:
666:
603:
1081:
The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History
234:Andronikos is first mentioned during the siege of
1133:The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople
366:River. Following the victory Manuel celebrated a
177:(r. 1143–80). Andronikos had two older brothers,
1680:
1022:O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates
429:: 150 galleys, sixty horse-carriers and a dozen
1714:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
1255:
314:Andronikos, who months before had been named
78:, general commanding a number of field armies
1156:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
475:the Dalmatian cities under Byzantine control
410:, in what was to be the last of a series of
16:Not to be confused with his paternal uncle,
270:Wars with Hungary and the Battle of Sirmium
165:princess Anna Komnene, daughter of Emperor
1262:
1248:
1104:The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180
1044:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1689:12th-century Byzantine military personnel
1149:
1097:
1016:
828:
816:
780:
765:
729:
374:Invasion of Egypt and the war with Venice
1130:
1052:
852:
477:, the Venetians landed in the island of
377:
282:in 1161. Manuel supported his brothers,
136:
132:
1223:(in Greek). Vol. B. Thessaloniki:
1208:
1192:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
1177:
960:
948:
936:
924:
912:
900:
888:
876:
864:
840:
804:
792:
753:
741:
717:
705:
672:
648:
624:
612:
597:
1681:
1121:
1075:
636:
278:in his favour after the death of King
258:in 1144/45, but the Belgian historian
1243:
1024:. transl. by H. Magoulias. Detroit.
173:; he was thus the nephew of Emperor
570:Andronikos’ later fate is unknown.
13:
563:Andronikos and his four sons were
200:
169:(reigned 1118–43) and his empress
100:Andronikos Komnenos Kontostephanos
14:
1740:
1058:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus
554:made a bid for power in 1182 the
215:and governor of the provinces of
110:Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός Κοντοστέφανος
1719:Byzantine people of the Crusades
473:. After attacking and capturing
211:, the commander-in-chief of the
1060:. transl. by Charles M. Brand.
993:
984:
975:
966:
402:in alliance with the forces of
1107:. Cambridge University Press.
990:Angold, p. 267; Finlay p. 209.
678:
654:
331:, met the Byzantine army near
125:during the reign of his uncle
1:
1724:Generals of Manuel I Komnenos
1217:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
1209:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
1186:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
1178:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
1005:
537:
486:forewarned by the astrologer
114:; ca. 1132/33 – after 1183),
1558:Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos
1069:
585:
445:, Kontostephanos arrived at
320:, commander-in-chief of the
121:, was a major figure in the
7:
1131:Phillips, Jonathan (2004).
412:Crusader invasions of Egypt
185:, and a sister, Irene. The
10:
1745:
1124:Byzantium and The Crusades
1010:
362:and the area south of the
109:
74:Commander in chief of the
15:
1581:
1542:
1441:
1344:
1301:Andronikos Kontostephanos
1279:
1212:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
1181:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
1161:Stanford University Press
1126:. Hambledon & London.
1122:Harris, Jonathan (2006).
1062:Columbia University Press
573:
264:Andronikos Kontostephanos
119:Andronicus Contostephanus
107:
82:
70:
58:
48:
40:
32:
27:Andronikos Kontostephanos
25:
20:, last mentioned in 1156.
18:Andronikos Kontostephanos
1159:. Stanford, California:
1643:Michael Komnenos Doukas
1485:Michael Komnenos Doukas
720:, p. 249 (note 6).
524:Battle of Myriokephalon
516:Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
92:Battle of Myriokephalon
1584:fall of Constantinople
1327:Theodore Kantakouzenos
1317:John Komnenos Vatatzes
565:punished with blinding
392:
147:Stephen Kontostephanos
142:
1709:Kontostephanos family
1519:John Komnenos the Fat
1282:Andronikos I Komnenos
381:
149:, who held the title
140:
133:Background and family
90:, Siege of Damietta,
1410:Constantine Tatikios
514:Manuel attacked the
1444:Alexios III Angelos
1291:Andronikos Lapardas
963:, pp. 275–276.
951:, pp. 273–275.
927:, pp. 269–270.
915:, pp. 266–269.
903:, pp. 262–266.
891:, pp. 261–263.
879:, pp. 259–260.
807:, pp. 255–258.
795:, pp. 252–253.
744:, pp. 249–250.
708:, pp. 290–294.
651:, pp. 250–252.
639:, pp. 211–212.
627:, pp. 389–390.
600:, pp. 380–381.
552:Andronikos Komnenos
544:Alexios II Komnenos
256:Raymond of Poitiers
1699:Byzantine generals
1613:John Kantakouzenos
1549:Alexios IV Angelos
1380:Theodore Mangaphas
1018:Choniates, Niketas
464:Republic of Venice
393:
276:Kingdom of Hungary
143:
1676:
1675:
1663:Manuel Maurozomes
1653:Theodore Laskaris
1509:John Spyridonakes
1448:
1151:Treadgold, Warren
1142:978-0-14-303590-9
1135:. Penguin Group.
1114:978-0-521-52653-1
999:Magdalino, p. 13.
819:, pp. 80–81.
768:, pp. 79–80.
580:Niketas Choniates
471:Vitale II Michele
408:King of Jerusalem
345:Battle of Sirmium
337:Niketas Choniates
248:Rodolphe Guilland
244:Kingdom of Sicily
175:Manuel I Komnenos
127:Manuel I Komnenos
97:
96:
88:Battle of Sirmium
1736:
1704:Komnenos dynasty
1633:Alexios Komnenos
1465:Dobromir Chrysos
1446:
1347:Isaac II Angelos
1272:Byzantine Empire
1264:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1222:
1205:
1191:
1174:
1146:
1127:
1118:
1094:
1065:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
690:megas domestikos
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
601:
595:
548:Maria of Antioch
171:Irene of Hungary
167:John II Komnenos
155:and the rank of
152:panhypersebastos
123:Byzantine Empire
113:
112:
111:
86:Siege of Corfu,
53:Byzantine Empire
23:
22:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1603:Theodore Gabras
1577:
1538:
1529:Manuel Kamytzes
1437:
1340:
1275:
1268:
1220:
1189:
1171:
1143:
1115:
1099:Magdalino, Paul
1091:
1077:Angold, Michael
1072:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
985:
980:
976:
971:
967:
959:
955:
947:
943:
935:
931:
923:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
772:
764:
760:
752:
748:
740:
736:
728:
724:
716:
712:
704:
700:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
631:
623:
619:
611:
604:
596:
592:
588:
576:
540:
520:Kilij Arslan II
512:
427:William of Tyre
385:William of Tyre
376:
368:triumphal entry
272:
229:Varangian Guard
203:
201:Military career
135:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1694:Megaloi doukes
1691:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1630:
1623:David Komnenos
1620:
1610:
1600:
1597:Maeander River
1593:Sabas Asidenos
1589:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1562:Constantinople
1554:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1523:Constantinople
1516:
1506:
1492:
1482:
1475:Leo Chamaretos
1472:
1462:
1451:
1449:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1424:Maeander River
1420:Pseudo-Alexios
1417:
1414:Constantinople
1407:
1404:Constantinople
1400:Isaac Komnenos
1397:
1387:
1377:
1370:Alexios Branas
1367:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1324:
1314:
1307:Isaac Komnenos
1304:
1298:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1206:
1175:
1169:
1147:
1141:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1095:
1089:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1054:Kinnamos, John
1050:
1030:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
965:
953:
941:
939:, p. 273.
929:
917:
905:
893:
881:
869:
867:, p. 261.
857:
855:, p. 158.
845:
843:, p. 259.
833:
831:, p. 646.
829:Treadgold 1997
821:
817:Magdalino 2002
809:
797:
785:
781:Magdalino 2002
770:
766:Magdalino 2002
758:
756:, p. 250.
746:
734:
730:Magdalino 2002
722:
710:
698:
677:
675:, p. 386.
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
615:, p. 249.
602:
589:
587:
584:
575:
572:
539:
536:
511:
508:
488:Aaron Isaakios
375:
372:
349:Paul Magdalino
322:Byzantine navy
271:
268:
260:Henri Grégoire
213:Byzantine navy
202:
199:
187:Kontostephanoi
134:
131:
95:
94:
84:
80:
79:
76:Byzantine navy
72:
68:
67:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1741:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
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1573:
1569:
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1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:Basil Chotzas
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
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1253:
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1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1170:0-8047-2630-2
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1090:0-582-29468-1
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1031:0-8143-1764-2
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
996:
987:
981:Harris p. 109
978:
969:
962:
957:
950:
945:
938:
933:
926:
921:
914:
909:
902:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
854:
853:Phillips 2004
849:
842:
837:
830:
825:
818:
813:
806:
801:
794:
789:
783:, p. 80.
782:
777:
775:
767:
762:
755:
750:
743:
738:
732:, p. 79.
731:
726:
719:
714:
707:
702:
695:
692:
691:
686:
685:John Kinnamos
681:
674:
669:
662:
661:John Kinnamos
657:
650:
645:
638:
633:
626:
621:
614:
609:
607:
599:
594:
590:
583:
581:
571:
568:
566:
562:
557:
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346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
318:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Maria Komnene
289:
285:
281:
277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
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218:
214:
210:
209:
198:
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184:
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172:
168:
164:
163:'purple-born'
160:
159:
154:
153:
148:
139:
130:
128:
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120:
117:
105:
101:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
24:
19:
1729:1130s births
1384:Philadelphia
1321:Philadelphia
1303:(Asia Minor)
1300:
1216:
1211:
1185:
1180:
1155:
1132:
1123:
1103:
1080:
1057:
1021:
995:
986:
977:
968:
961:Varzos 1984b
956:
949:Varzos 1984b
944:
937:Varzos 1984b
932:
925:Varzos 1984b
920:
913:Varzos 1984b
908:
901:Varzos 1984b
896:
889:Varzos 1984b
884:
877:Varzos 1984b
872:
865:Varzos 1984b
860:
848:
841:Varzos 1984b
836:
824:
812:
805:Varzos 1984b
800:
793:Varzos 1984b
788:
761:
754:Varzos 1984b
749:
742:Varzos 1984b
737:
725:
718:Varzos 1984b
713:
706:Varzos 1984a
701:
688:
680:
673:Varzos 1984a
668:
656:
649:Varzos 1984b
644:
632:
625:Varzos 1984a
620:
613:Varzos 1984b
598:Varzos 1984a
593:
577:
569:
560:
555:
541:
529:
513:
461:
424:
394:
388:
353:
341:astrological
315:
312:
284:Ladislaus II
273:
233:
206:
204:
156:
150:
144:
118:
99:
98:
83:Battles/wars
62:
1627:Paphlagonia
1586:(1204–1205)
1568:Leo Gabalas
1551:(1203–1204)
1495:Leo Sgouros
1447:(1195–1203)
1428:Paphlagonia
1349:(1185–1195)
1295:Adramyttion
1284:(1182–1185)
1274:, 1182–1205
1083:. Longman.
637:Angold 1997
296:Stephen III
221:Peloponnese
36:ca. 1132/33
1683:Categories
1582:After the
1374:Adrianople
1006:References
694:John Axuch
561:megas doux
556:megas doux
538:Later life
504:Cape Malea
439:Hellespont
317:megas doux
288:Stephen IV
286:and later
208:megas doux
161:, and the
158:megas doux
64:megas doux
49:Allegiance
44:after 1183
1637:Trebizond
1513:Macedonia
1503:Corinthia
1469:Macedonia
1432:Nicomedia
1360:Ivan Asen
1233:834784665
1202:834784634
1070:Secondary
1040:cite book
586:Footnotes
435:Melibotos
116:Latinized
1545:Isaac II
1533:Thessaly
1364:Bulgaria
1356:Theodore
1153:(1997).
1101:(2002).
1079:(1997).
1056:(1976).
1020:(1984).
663:, 97.19.
456:Damietta
389:Historia
360:Dalmatia
326:palatine
302:and the
300:Dalmatia
254:against
191:Komnenoi
71:Commands
1667:Phrygia
1617:Methone
1499:Argolid
1489:Phrygia
1479:Laconia
1011:Primary
437:in the
431:dromons
420:Saladin
404:Amalric
397:Fatimid
308:Sirmium
306:around
280:Géza II
252:Cilicia
242:of the
240:Normans
183:Alexios
1657:Nicaea
1647:Epirus
1607:Amisus
1572:Rhodes
1543:Under
1459:Thrace
1455:Ivanko
1442:Under
1394:Tarsia
1345:Under
1335:Nicaea
1331:Prussa
1311:Cyprus
1280:Under
1231:
1219:]
1200:
1188:]
1167:
1139:
1111:
1087:
1028:
574:Legacy
500:Skyros
496:Lesbos
492:Thasos
479:Euboea
443:Cyprus
356:Bosnia
304:region
219:, the
217:Hellas
195:Doukas
1221:(PDF)
1215:[
1190:(PDF)
1184:[
483:Chios
416:Maria
400:Egypt
333:Zemun
329:Denis
236:Corfu
225:Crete
104:Greek
1547:and
1501:and
1358:and
1333:and
1229:OCLC
1198:OCLC
1165:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1046:link
1026:ISBN
532:Acre
498:and
468:Doge
451:Acre
449:and
447:Tyre
364:Krka
223:and
181:and
179:John
59:Rank
41:Died
33:Born
387:'s
1685::
1430:,
1426:,
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1196:.
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1042:}}
1038:{{
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