38:
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359:, Venice's commercial rivals, refused to honour his father's agreement. This left John stranded in Venice, effectively as a captive debtor of the Republic; when he suggested that funds be raised to secure his release by selling precious objects from the churches, Andronikos again refused, claiming that this was impious. In the end, it was only the intervention of Manuel, who went from Thessalonica to Venice in person, that secured John's release. It was not until October 1371 that the emperor returned to Constantinople.
481:
280:. Appointed co-emperor from 1352, he had a troubled relationship with his father: he launched a failed rebellion in 1373, usurped the throne in 1376–1379, and remained engaged in a bitter struggle with John V until his death in 1385. This civil war depleted Byzantium's scarce resources and greatly facilitated the
423:
However, he made the mistake of favouring the
Genoese too highly by awarding them Tenedos. The governor there refused to hand it over, and passed it on to Venice. In the same year, 18 October 1377, he was crowned emperor and also crowned his young son
412:; this strategically important bridgehead greatly improved the sultan's ability to attack Europe. The sultan duly provided a mixed force of cavalry and infantry and with these, Andronikos was able to take control of
436:, staying there until May 1381, when he was once again made co-emperor and heir to the throne despite his earlier treachery. Andronikos IV was also given the approaches to Constantinople with the city of Selymbria (
347:. John went in person to Venice, but he lacked the funds to pay off the loans, or even to secure a ship for his voyage home. As a result, he proposed to cede to the Venetians the island of
3486:
3501:
355:, in exchange for further funds and six warships. The Venetians accepted, but when news reached Constantinople, Andronikos IV, likely urged by the
1348:
Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996).
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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in return for his support. Gallipoli had been retaken by the
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as co-emperor. However, in 1379 John and Manuel escaped to Sultan Murad, and with the assistance of the
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In 1385, he rebelled again, but died soon after, on 25 or 28 June, at
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Byzantium between the
Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire
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Millennium: Studies on Byzantine History and Culture Dedicated to Paul Speck
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in 1373. On 6 May, Andronikos IV fled
Constantinople and allied with Murad's son
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Born on 11 April 1348, Andronikos IV Palaiologos was the eldest son of
Emperor
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1354:(in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
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on 30 May, albeit only in one eye. His brother Manuel replaced him as heir.
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helped
Andronikos to escape from prison, whence he went straight to Sultan
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276:; 11 April 1348 – 25/28 June 1385) was the eldest son of Byzantine Emperor
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During his stay in Italy, John attempted to settle his accounts with the
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by
Andronikos. He was also the father of John VII.
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1263:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
3502:Prisoners and detainees of the Byzantine Empire
868:13. Theodora Palaiologina Angelina Kantakouzene
351:, strategically located at the entrance of the
335:(and the associated interest) that his mother,
42:15th-century portrait of Andronikos IV (from a
3487:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Ottoman wars
1351:Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit
3354:Sophia Palaiologina, Grand Princess of Moscow
2839:
1458:
1046:Sode, Claudia; Takács, Sarolta (2017-05-15).
3116:Maria Palaiologina, Khatun of the Ilkhanate
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509:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3195:Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
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2832:
1465:
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1308:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453
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1311:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1287:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1277:
1119:
1075:"John VII (Alias Andronicus) Palaeologus"
529:Learn how and when to remove this message
3449:who are independently notable are shown.
3349:Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia
3221:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond
3236:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
3091:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
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3390:Maria Palaiologina, Princess of Vereya
3190:Anna Palaiologina, Despotess of Epirus
1033:, 21438. Παλαιολόγος, Ἀνδρόνικος IV. .
791:
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545:Ancestors of Andronikos IV Palaiologos
284:, most notably through the cession of
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3164:Simonis Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
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507:adding citations to reliable sources
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3205:Maria Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
16:Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379
13:
1260:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1073:Zachariadou, Elizabeth A. (1977).
29:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
14:
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3497:Byzantine prisoners and detainees
1122:"Byzantine Churches of Selymbria"
1036:
308:, John left Andronikos behind in
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479:
392:Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379
362:Andronikos IV rebelled when the
341:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
3477:14th-century Byzantine emperors
1347:
1331:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
1253:
1243:. Yale University Press, 2010.
1193:
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455:In 1356, Andronikos IV married
282:Ottoman conquest of the Balkans
274:Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος
3049:Theodora Angelina Palaiologina
1113:
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1:
2996:Andronikos Doukas Palaiologos
1005:
167:25 or 28 June 1385 (aged 37)
70:12 August 1376 – 1 July 1379
7:
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10:
3528:
3507:Sons of Byzantine emperors
3308:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3185:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3065:Irene Komnene Palaiologina
2738:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2689:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2576:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1373:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
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789:
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596:Andronikos III Palaiologos
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463:. The couple had one son,
461:Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
440:) as his personal domain.
410:Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy
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3070:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2674:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1120:Magdalino, Paul (1978).
1052:. Taylor & Francis.
459:, a daughter of Emperor
385:
316:, while his younger son
3396:Constantine Palaiologos
3298:Theodore II Palaiologos
3137:Constantine Palaiologos
3101:Constantine Palaiologos
3075:John Doukas Palaiologos
2529:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2163:Tiberius II Constantine
1232:Byzantine Empire portal
404:, and agreed to return
339:, had taken during the
291:
3424:Palaeologus-Montferrat
3303:Andronikos Palaiologos
3262:Theodore I Palaiologos
3152:Palaeologus-Montferrat
3132:Michael IX Palaiologos
3044:Andronikos Palaiologos
2964:Nikephoros Palaiologos
2684:Michael IX Palaiologos
570:Michael IX Palaiologos
3447:male-line descendants
3313:Demetrios Palaiologos
3293:John VIII Palaiologos
3257:Manuel II Palaiologos
3159:Demetrios Palaiologos
2778:Thessalonian emperors
2772:Trapezuntine emperors
2733:John VIII Palaiologos
2728:Manuel II Palaiologos
2699:John VI Kantakouzenos
2615:Andronikos I Komnenos
2452:Constantine Lekapenos
1480:and empresses regnant
1126:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
1079:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
838:John VI Kantakouzenos
812:Michael Kantakouzenos
445:Pantokrator Monastery
390:Further information:
318:Manuel II Palaiologos
199:Pantokrator Monastery
3402:Fernando Palaiologos
3288:John VII Palaiologos
3147:Theodore Palaiologos
3111:Eudokia Palaiologina
3106:Theodore Palaiologos
2716:John VII Palaiologos
2664:Theodore II Laskaris
2524:Constantine X Doukas
2464:Nikephoros II Phokas
1424:John VII Palaiologos
1241:The End of Byzantium
503:improve this section
465:John VII Palaiologos
222:John VII Palaiologos
129:May 1381 – June 1385
3492:Palaiologos dynasty
3482:14th-century rebels
3408:Andreas Palaiologos
3359:Andreas Palaiologos
3344:Helena Palaiologina
3272:Zampia Palaiologina
3267:Michael Palaiologos
3231:Michael Palaiologos
3028:Alexios Palaiologos
2647:Theodore I Laskaris
2632:Alexios III Angelos
2610:Alexios II Komnenos
2534:Romanos IV Diogenes
2489:Romanos III Argyros
2435:Romanos I Lekapenos
1181:, pp. 271–273.
893:Helena Kantakouzene
457:Keratsa of Bulgaria
447:in Constantinople.
370:forced John V into
320:was sent to govern
302:Helena Kantakouzene
254:Helena Kantakouzene
210:Keratsa of Bulgaria
48:Extracts of History
3364:Manuel Palaiologos
3318:Thomas Palaiologos
3226:John V Palaiologos
3012:George Palaiologos
2980:George Palaiologos
2766:Britannic emperors
2760:Palmyrene emperors
2694:John V Palaiologos
2637:Alexios IV Angelos
2586:Constantine Doukas
2581:Alexios I Komnenos
2569:Constantine Doukas
2552:Michael VII Doukas
2514:Michael VI Bringas
2080:Romulus Augustulus
1703:Trebonianus Gallus
1696:Herennius Etruscus
1478:Byzantine emperors
1435:John V Palaiologos
1408:John V Palaiologos
1333:. London: Viking.
1255:Kazhdan, Alexander
1239:Harris, Jonathan,
654:John V Palaiologos
396:In July 1376, the
329:Republic of Venice
298:John V Palaiologos
278:John V Palaiologos
244:John V Palaiologos
119:John V Palaiologos
89:John V Palaiologos
79:John V Palaiologos
44:15th-century codex
3512:Byzantine regents
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2659:John III Vatatzes
2605:Manuel I Komnenos
2344:Michael I Rangabe
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2030:Petronius Maximus
1629:Severus Alexander
1597:Septimius Severus
1441:
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1432:Succeeded by
1415:Byzantine emperor
1340:978-0-670-82377-2
1294:978-1-107-40388-8
1249:978-0-300-11786-8
1059:978-1-351-91427-7
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2669:John IV Laskaris
2642:Alexios V Doukas
2627:Isaac II Angelos
2593:John II Komnenos
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2479:Constantine VIII
2469:John I Tzimiskes
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2012:Constantius III
2006:Priscus Attalus
1990:Constantine III
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628:Rita of Armenia
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3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3125:9th generation
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3084:8th generation
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3058:7th generation
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3037:6th generation
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3021:5th generation
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3005:4th generation
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2989:3rd generation
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2973:2nd generation
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2957:1st generation
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2947:Constantine XI
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2892:
2889:Andronikos III
2886:
2880:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2713:
2708:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2573:
2549:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Theodora (III)
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2405:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2371:
2359:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Constantine VI
2321:
2316:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:Theodosius III
2285:
2280:
2275:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2233:Constantine IV
2230:
2225:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:Eastern Empire
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:Western Empire
1967:
1966:
1959:
1947:Magnus Maximus
1943:
1941:Valentinian II
1938:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1873:Constantius II
1870:
1868:Constantine II
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1567:Antoninus Pius
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1490:27 BC – AD 235
1483:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:Regnal titles
1397:
1396:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1345:
1339:
1323:
1317:
1299:
1293:
1275:
1269:
1257:, ed. (1991).
1251:
1236:
1235:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1211:, p. 338.
1198:
1183:
1171:
1169:, p. 270.
1159:
1112:
1065:
1058:
1035:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
960:
959:
957:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
932:
931:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
904:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
856:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
815:
814:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
776:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
760:
757:
756:
754:
751:
750:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
734:
732:
730:
727:
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
702:
699:
698:
696:
693:
692:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
665:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
640:
637:
636:
634:
631:
630:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
614:
612:
610:
607:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
582:
579:
578:
576:
573:
572:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
547:
546:
540:
537:
536:
487:
485:
478:
472:
469:
452:
449:
414:Constantinople
387:
384:
310:Constantinople
293:
290:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
195:
191:
190:
165:
161:
160:
144:Constantinople
139:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
115:
105:
104:
98:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3524:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3448:
3442:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:Andronikos IV
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:Andronikos II
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2813:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:Theodora (II)
2389:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:Constantine V
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Anastasius II
2281:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Theodosius II
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Valentinian I
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1836:Constantine I
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Constantius I
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1363:
1361:3-7001-3003-1
1357:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:Norwich, J.J.
1324:
1320:
1318:9780521439916
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1270:0-19-504652-8
1266:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1222:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1010:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
967:
964:
962:
961:
956:
955:Irene Asanina
950:
949:
946:
945:
940:
939:
934:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
919:
906:
905:
900:
899:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
878:
877:
872:
871:
865:
864:
861:
860:
851:
850:
845:
844:
839:
833:
832:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
802:
785:
784:
781:
780:
775:
769:
768:
765:
764:
759:
758:
753:
752:
749:
743:
742:
739:
738:
729:
728:
723:
722:
717:
716:Anna of Savoy
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
700:
695:
694:
691:
685:
684:
681:
680:
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141:11 April 1348
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102:as co-emperor
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3251:
2929:Andronikos V
2916:
2908:
2900:
2871:Michael VIII
2721:Andronikos V
2719:
2710:
2702:
2650:
2618:
2596:
2584:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2543:
2537:
2450:
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2438:
2411:
2394:
2382:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2334:Nikephoros I
2309:
2308:
2302:
2269:
2266:Justinian II
2261:Tiberius III
2251:Justinian II
2242:
2236:
2219:
2171:
2143:Anastasius I
2134:
2078:
2074:Julius Nepos
2066:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1936:Theodosius I
1923:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1853:Maximinus II
1840:
1742:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1615:
1577:Lucius Verus
1427:
1421:
1413:
1394:28 June 1385
1391:
1387:2 April 1348
1384:
1376:
1349:
1330:
1307:
1283:
1258:
1240:
1209:Norwich 1995
1174:
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1125:
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773:
525:
516:
501:Please help
489:
454:
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395:
361:
326:
322:Thessalonica
300:by his wife
295:
265:
261:
260:
101:
96:Proclamation
47:
27:
3472:1385 deaths
3467:1348 births
3374:Mesih Pasha
2949:(1449–1453)
2943:(1425–1448)
2937:(1391–1425)
2931:(1403–1407)
2919:(1376–1379)
2912:(1353–1357)
2904:(1347–1354)
2897:(1341–1391)
2891:(1328–1341)
2885:(1295–1320)
2879:(1282–1328)
2873:(1259–1282)
2856:Palaiologoi
2780:(1224–1242)
2774:(1204–1461)
2563:Konstantios
2440:Christopher
2413:Constantine
2403:Michael III
2384:Constantine
2367:Constantine
2349:Theophylact
2278:Philippicus
2228:Constans II
2153:Justinian I
2049:Severus III
1997:Constans II
1751:Claudius II
1727:Silbannacus
1674:Gordian III
1649:Maximinus I
1617:Diadumenian
1428:(1377–1379)
1378:Palaiologos
1132:: 309–318.
1085:: 339–342.
380:and blinded
353:Dardanelles
234:Palaiologos
75:Predecessor
3461:Categories
2883:Michael IX
2557:Andronikos
2545:Nikephoros
2494:Michael IV
2459:Romanos II
2379:Theophilos
2374:Michael II
2355:Staurakios
2339:Staurakios
2311:Nikephoros
2304:Artabasdos
2216:Heraclonas
2173:Theodosius
2131:Basiliscus
1891:Nepotianus
1884:Magnentius
1878:Constans I
1831:Severus II
1811:Diocletian
1756:Quintillus
1721:Aemilianus
1714:Volusianus
1659:Gordian II
1624:Elagabalus
1487:Principate
1179:Nicol 1993
1167:Nicol 1993
1006:References
345:collateral
2941:John VIII
2935:Manuel II
2799:Classical
2784:Empresses
2768:(286–296)
2762:(267–273)
2756:(260–274)
2499:Michael V
2425:Alexander
2238:Heraclius
2206:Heraclius
2158:Justin II
2068:Glycerius
2055:Anthemius
1925:Procopius
1863:Martinian
1842:Maxentius
1771:Florianus
1744:Saloninus
1739:Gallienus
1708:Hostilian
1684:Philip II
1654:Gordian I
1602:Caracalla
1537:Vespasian
1532:Vitellius
1305:(1993) .
1146:0070-7546
1099:0070-7546
519:June 2021
490:does not
430:Venetians
406:Gallipoli
376:Savcı Bey
372:vassalage
286:Gallipoli
170:Selymbria
113:Selymbria
85:Successor
2923:John VII
2794:Usurpers
2789:Augustae
2747:See also
2652:Nicholas
2474:Basil II
2271:Tiberius
2256:Leontius
2244:Tiberius
2221:Tiberius
2199:610–1453
2194:Eastern/
2148:Justin I
2101:Arcadius
2061:Olybrius
2043:Majorian
1984:Honorius
1963:Eugenius
1898:Vetranio
1848:Licinius
1821:Galerius
1816:Maximian
1801:Dominate
1791:Numerian
1761:Aurelian
1734:Valerian
1679:Philip I
1669:Balbinus
1664:Pupienus
1612:Macrinus
1587:Pertinax
1582:Commodus
1547:Domitian
1512:Claudius
1507:Caligula
1502:Tiberius
1497:Augustus
1329:(1995).
1281:(2009).
471:Ancestry
426:John VII
183:Istanbul
153:Istanbul
2910:Matthew
2902:John VI
2858:of the
2804:Eastern
2704:Matthew
2598:Alexios
2446:Stephen
2408:Basil I
2293:Leo III
2168:Maurice
2111:Marcian
2094:395–610
2018:Joannes
1977:395–480
1931:Gratian
1804:284–610
1786:Carinus
1766:Tacitus
1642:235–285
1562:Hadrian
1380:dynasty
1218:Sources
1154:1291427
1107:1291412
511:removed
496:sources
438:Silivri
402:Murad I
398:Genoese
368:Murad I
366:sultan
364:Ottoman
357:Genoese
349:Tenedos
179:Silivri
2895:John V
2566:&
2542:&
2449:&
2420:Leo VI
2396:Thekla
2352:&
2319:Leo IV
2241:&
2180:Phocas
2136:Marcus
2121:Leo II
2037:Avitus
1954:Victor
1919:Valens
1909:Jovian
1904:Julian
1776:Probus
1711:&
1691:Decius
1639:Crisis
1557:Trajan
1390:
1358:
1337:
1315:
1291:
1267:
1247:
1152:
1144:
1105:
1097:
1056:
451:Family
434:Galata
418:Manuel
333:ducats
314:regent
250:Mother
240:Father
206:Spouse
194:Burial
187:Turkey
157:Turkey
117:under
3445:Only
2362:Leo V
2329:Irene
2116:Leo I
1781:Carus
1552:Nerva
1542:Titus
1522:Galba
1474:Roman
1422:with
1392:Died:
1385:Born:
1150:JSTOR
1103:JSTOR
386:Reign
270:Greek
229:House
217:Issue
177:(now
151:(now
126:Reign
100:1352
67:Reign
2854:The
2718:(w.
2701:(w.
2649:(w.
2620:John
2617:(w.
2595:(w.
2583:(w.
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1607:Geta
1527:Otho
1517:Nero
1476:and
1356:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1142:ISSN
1095:ISSN
1054:ISBN
927:14.
810:12.
746:11.
688:10.
494:any
492:cite
337:Anna
306:Pope
292:Life
164:Died
138:Born
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1194:ODB
1134:doi
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1031:PLP
953:7.
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772:1.
714:5.
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626:9.
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312:as
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