58:
67:
436:
760:
351:
101:
322:
750:'The position of Rector is something that Dundee shares with only four other universities in Scotland – the so-called "Ancient Universities". For Dundee to be classed with the "ancients" – at a relatively youthful age of forty – feels a bit like finding someone getting up to offer you their seat on the bus when you feel that you are still a bit on the young side. But we accept this "ancient" tag, with grace, as a mark of our history and distinction and a reinforcement of the University's commitment to student representation at levels.'
47:
293:
387:
531:, a graduate of the University of St Andrews, permission to add a university to the city's Cathedral. It is the second-oldest university in Scotland after St Andrews and the fourth-oldest in the English-speaking world. The universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, and Aberdeen were ecclesiastical foundations, while Edinburgh was a civic foundation. As one of the ancient universities of the United Kingdom, Glasgow is one of only eight institutions to award undergraduate master's degrees in certain disciplines.
630:
38:
1091:
proportion of private school students are due to the two universities recruiting "substantial numbers of students from the rest of the United
Kingdom, many of whom come from prosperous English families and attended private schools" according to a report commissioned for the Scottish Government. In Scotland, around 4 per cent of the school-age population attend private schools and 11 per cent of all higher education students in Scottish institutions have attended private schools.
3507:
546:
3730:
502:
1738:. 71 per cent of independent school entrants gained a place in one of the four ancient universities, compared with only 29 per cent of state school entrants. In addition, fewer than one in seven students at the four ancient universities in Scotland are from working-class backgrounds. Alumni dominate the top levels of the civil service, law, politics, and media. Notably, more than half of Scotland's top media professionals and 46 per cent of the
1768:, had previously stated that middle-class Scottish students with strong academic results had "no entitlement" to enter ancient universities. Concerns over the Scottish Government's approach to funding has also led to accusations that the ancients are incentivised to attract students from the rest of the United Kingdom and from overseas, with all ancient universities of Scotland amongst the most reliant universities in the UK for
1343:
million was received from the
Scottish Funding Council via grants and £94.1 million was received from tuition fees of students domiciled in Scotland. Further tuition fees of £145.6 million was received from students from the rest of the United Kingdom and £859.3 million was received from overseas students. The table below is a record of each ancient universities' financial data for the 2022–23 financial year:
2492:
108:
2550:
156:
140:
124:
1779:
places they had for
Scottish students. Edinburgh offered 130 courses to students from the rest of the United Kingdom, but only one to Scottish students. Similarly, Aberdeen only offered one course in clearing for Scottish students but 79 for the rest of the UK, while Glasgow offered 5 and 497 courses
1763:
has commented that the new widening access targets for
Scotland-domiciled students have now meant that there is "no chance" of admission into competitive courses at the ancient universities unless Scottish applicants have a widening access flag in their application. Scotland's Commissioner for Fair
1733:
The ancient universities have faced criticism for their inability to attract more students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In 2014, approximately 48 per cent of the undergraduate population at the four universities comprises
Scottish students, with over half of them having received their education
1342:
The total annual income for the ancient universities for 2022–23 was £2.87 billion of which £663.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an operating surplus of £331.7 million. The universities hold a total endowment value of £967.6 million and net assets of £4.47 billion. £520.5
1070:
enforces a quota on the number of undergraduate places available for students from
Scotland and as a result, entry to the four universities are selective. Entrance typically requires strong performances in standardised exams as represented by the average scores of new entrants when converted to
483:
In 1897 a third college was created when
University College Dundee (founded in 1891) was incorporated and absorbed into St Andrews University (1897). University College subsequently became Queen's College (1954). In 1978 Queen's College separated from the University of St Andrews to become the
1090:
are over-represented at the ancient universities with the four universities hosting the highest proportion of privately educated students out of all
Scottish universities in 2020/21 (St Andrews: 36.9%, Edinburgh: 35.5%, Glasgow: 16.1% and Aberdeen: 15.8%). St Andrews' and Edinburgh's higher
492:
was founded in 1972 using the name of an earlier institution as a formal grouping of postgraduate students. In 2022, the university announced its intention to found New
College, which would form a new hub for the schools of economics and finance, international relations, and management.
3763:
726:
As a consequence, some sources have grouped the
University of Dundee among the ancient universities. The label has also been used by the university itself. In a Scottish Government report published in 2019, Dundee is classified as a 'Chartered' university, alongside
875:
The Universities (Scotland) Acts created a distinctive system of governance for the ancient universities in Scotland, the process beginning with the 1858 Act and ending with the 1966 Act. Despite not being founded until after the first in these series of Acts, the
555:
No college is mentioned in the foundation bill, only a university and it was the "University of Aberdeen" by that name which was established in 1495. Subsequently, a single college, originally known as St. Mary of the Nativity, was established (it was founded by
251:
universities in Scotland) and are granted a number of privileges as a result of their different status. The ancient universities are part of twenty-seven culturally significant institutions recognised by the British monarchy as
3770:
3192:
1062:
In the 2021–22 academic year, 112,615 students were enrolled at the four institutions: 44,735 were from Scotland (39.7%), 22,325 from the rest of the United Kingdom (19.8%) and 45,555 were from overseas (40.5%).
710:
in 1967, having previously been a college of the University of St Andrews. While not governed by the Universities (Scotland) Acts, the institution's Royal Charter provided for it to adopt the characteristics of
803:
uniting the two universities specified that the date of the foundation of the new united university would be taken to be that of the older King's College, 1495. Another, short-lived, university existed in the
1798:
Following the creation of the ancient universities before the end of the 16th century, no other universities were formed in Scotland until the twentieth century. The first 'new university' of the era was the
1746:, with 90 per cent of cabinet members and 70 per cent of all ministers having attended one of the ancients. This has prompted claims of elitism, social division and the universities being less inclusive.
1803:
which received its royal charter in 1964, although it traces its origins back to the Andersonian Institute (also known at various times as Anderson's College and Anderson's University) founded in 1796.
3185:
926:
non-resident head to each university and is elected for life by the respective General Council, although in actuality a good number of Chancellors resign before the end of their "term of office".
597:
was highly unusual at this time for having two universities in one city: as 20th-century university prospectuses observed, Aberdeen had the same number as existed in England at the time (the
247:
In common with the other ancient universities of the United Kingdom, the Scottish ancients find themselves administered in a quite different fashion from the new universities (there are now
3756:
774:
Despite being held as an ancient university, the University of Aberdeen was only created in 1860. The university was formed by the amalgamation of two existing ancient universities within
3178:
468:
All of the ancient universities with the exception of St Andrews were both universities and colleges, with both titles being used. However the University of St Andrews was a traditional
4028:
2829:
2917:
2601:
1578:
1594:
1769:
2892:
3861:
673:
in October 1583. As the first Scottish university to be founded by royal charter at the urging of the 'town council and burges of Edinburgh', rather than through
2172:
2971:
819:
In modern times, former college names may refer to specific university buildings, such as the King's College and Marischal College buildings in Aberdeen, the
1586:
100:
3027:
2935:
1813:
201:
1075:. All four universities were in the top ten British universities by entry standards for 2021 entry with St Andrews: 1st, Glasgow: joint 3rd (along with
677:
as had been the case for the three older universities, this set a new precedent. Despite this difference, it is universally considered one of the seven
3447:
489:
2448:
1753:
concerns, in 2019, the Scottish Government ordered universities to create lower admissions thresholds for applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds.
3790:
2851:
2749:
2202:
1618:
17:
2702:
1919:
1780:
respectively. St Andrews did not participate in clearing and offered no courses to either Scottish students or students from the rest of the UK.
3932:
3065:
795:
The two universities, generally known simply as King's College and Marischal College, were united into the modern University of Aberdeen by the
3496:
2953:
2225:"Statistics Publication Notice: Lifelong Learning Series: Higher Education Students and Qualifiers at Scottish Institutions 2009-10 – gov.scot"
1547:
2257:
591:
uniting the two specified that the date of the foundation of the new united university would be taken to be that of the older King's College.
1793:
3491:
3486:
1142:
3046:
2525:
827:
at Edinburgh and the 'Old College' to refer to the former buildings of the University of Glasgow before its move in the 19th century to
3849:
2870:
2361:
Fasti Academiae Mariscallanae Aberdonensis : selections from the records of the Marischal College and University, MDXClll-MDCCCLX
4023:
4018:
3920:
3821:
2104:
1968:
1857:
1120:
870:
712:
2322:
2120:
3892:
3807:
3878:
3835:
3640:
2293:
426:
253:
3986:
3906:
3440:
3116:
1739:
1602:
3090:
2467:"Widening participation: UK Performance Indicators: Table T2a – Participation of under-represented groups in higher education"
3963:
3009:
1560:. In the 2024 global rankings, three of the ancient universities featured in the world's top 200 universities in both of the
1552:
In the 2025 national league table rankings, the ancient universities of Scotland are placed within the top twenty in both of
1087:
888:
2627:
3949:
844:
820:
2990:
3977:
3466:
3336:
2466:
930:
613:
in 1595, but was closed down about a decade later. A further institute that was established in 1750 under the wishes of
3705:
3630:
3481:
2397:
1995:
1105:
1940:
649:, the university began as a college of law using part of a legacy left by a graduate of the University of St Andrews,
244:. The four universities are generally regarded as the country's most selective, eminent and well-ranked universities.
3734:
3506:
3433:
3331:
2020:
2652:
3780:
3310:
2238:
1852:
796:
477:
2164:
3679:
1735:
3887:
3748:
3476:
3404:
2579:
614:
220:, and have a number of distinctive features in common, being governed by a series of measures laid down in the
171:
3170:
3615:
3275:
2358:
University of Aberdeen. Marischal College; Anderson, Peter John; Johnstone, James Fowler Kellas (1889–1898).
1765:
1610:
457:(died 1440) issued a charter in 1411 and attracted the most learned men in Scotland as professors. In 1413
449:
traces its origin to a society formed in 1410 by Laurence of Lindores, archdeacon Richard Cornwall, bishop
225:
221:
3142:
3066:"SNP under attack over free tuition cap as number of Scots missing out on university place almost doubles"
1878:"Sabhal Mòr Ostaig – Naidheachd – Prionnsabal Oilthigh Obar Dheathain a' toirt seachad Òraid an t-Sabhail"
3684:
3620:
2422:
2076:
782:
577:
366:
473:
458:
2727:
3635:
3590:
2194:
1800:
840:
728:
720:
528:
57:
3700:
3610:
3525:
3456:
2375:
1847:
1789:
1754:
1702:
1501:
1279:
618:
446:
435:
430:
297:
229:
185:
114:
76:
66:
3540:
3260:
3240:
1652:
1423:
1076:
640:
602:
439:
391:
241:
162:
88:
2918:"Top echelons of Scottish society are 'dominated' by elite private schools and top universities"
2275:
312:
building on earlier bodies established between 1410 and 1413, but officially recognized in 1413
3944:
3585:
3580:
3570:
3535:
3376:
2357:
1842:
1836:
1750:
1627:
1384:
919:
824:
813:
767:
736:
732:
682:
646:
633:
606:
540:
355:
237:
205:
146:
84:
2602:"Scotland's Census 2022 – Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion – Chart data"
2224:
1877:
1742:
are alumni of these universities. Graduates from the ancients hold a greater influence in the
742:
At the installation of the university's Rector in 2007, the Principal and Vice Chancellor Sir
3710:
3674:
3530:
3295:
1830:
1677:
1462:
510:
469:
326:
248:
233:
193:
130:
80:
2815:
759:
3816:
3560:
3550:
3370:
2340:
1818:
1115:
907:
877:
703:
650:
598:
583:
A separate university (Marischal College) was founded in 1593. In 1860, King's merged with
565:
524:
485:
209:
3156:
2972:"Political pressure mounts on Ancient universities to recruit more disadvantaged students"
2100:
8:
3656:
3290:
3285:
3250:
2359:
2326:
2128:
1775:
For the 2016-17 admissions cycle, ancient universities were criticised for the number of
1743:
1067:
686:
654:
557:
3972:
3830:
3625:
3356:
2703:"Reports and Financial Statements of the University Court for the year to 31 July 2023"
678:
561:
350:
681:
of Britain and Ireland (and ten years older than the youngest ancient university, the
321:
3399:
2801:
2677:
2364:. Robarts – University of Toronto. Aberdeen : Printed for the New Spalding Club.
2016:
1991:
1824:
1776:
1080:
800:
788:
763:
588:
584:
569:
374:
2852:"Scotland's ancient universities urged to do more to attract disadvantaged students"
2775:
3901:
3844:
3600:
3245:
3220:
3094:
1969:"King invites leading institutions to reaffirm loyalty to him at historic ceremony"
892:
549:
450:
200:
that continue to exist in the present day. Together, the four universities are the
46:
3715:
3300:
2936:"Revealed: former students of Scotland's 'ancient' universities control Holyrood"
2108:
911:
896:
854:
850:
716:
587:. While both institutions were universities and would be considered ancient, the
520:
3778:
292:
3958:
3915:
3382:
3200:
1920:"Scotland's ancient universities unveil lower entry grades for poor youngsters"
1137:
743:
670:
386:
617:, a wealthy University of Aberdeen alumnus, has since evolved into the modern
4012:
3802:
3305:
3270:
3143:"BBC – A History of the World – Object : Anderson's University, Glasgow"
1328:
1110:
937:, although at the University of Aberdeen this has recently been renamed, the
923:
805:
707:
662:
629:
454:
403:
213:
2954:"Half of Scotland's MPs educated at the country's four ancient universities"
2393:
3873:
3425:
197:
37:
3225:
1072:
861:, though it is offered by fewer than a third of Scotland's Universities.
809:
610:
545:
3326:
3280:
2036:
884:
674:
573:
516:
501:
462:
370:
338:
309:
302:
2551:"Re-Committing to Fair Access: A Plan for Recovery Annual Report 2021"
3409:
3255:
1759:
915:
472:
with a number of colleges. Today, only two statutory colleges exist:
396:
2695:
2323:"University of Dundee : External Relations : Press Office"
941:(the Students' Association having been the parent body of the SRC).
669:
in April 1582, and instruction began under the charge of theologian
208:
after the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The majority of the
3414:
3047:"University cuts prove education has never been the SNP's priority"
2871:"Winning a university place getting harder for Scots, report shows"
903:
828:
775:
666:
594:
407:
360:
265:
217:
3157:"Anderson's College, Glasgow – University of Strathclyde Archives"
465:
confirming the charter and constituting the society a university.
3230:
3028:"Lesley Riddoch: University quotas can't fix economic inequality"
2493:"Maintaining the Momentum Towards Fair Access Annual Report 2022"
934:
331:
2077:"New College – Alumni and supporters – University of St Andrews"
2054:
2678:"Reports and Financial Statements for the year to 31 July 2023"
2258:"Reforms could do real damage, says Edinburgh university chief"
658:
2526:"Poor Scots 'squeezed out of university by SNP cap on places'"
515:
The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451 by a charter or
75:
Ancient universities of Scotland. Clockwise from upper left:
3265:
3201:
University associations and groupings in the United Kingdom
2670:
2620:
2394:"University of Aberdeen Students' Association Constitution"
3235:
2653:"Annual Report and Accounts for the Year to 31 July 2023"
2151:
A Short History of the University of Edinburgh: 1556–1889
883:
As a result of these Acts, each of these universities is
849:
The ancient universities are distinctive in offering the
402:
Established by the town council under the authority of a
4029:
Lists of universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
1833:, oldest universities founded during the Empire of Japan
3091:"About Strathclyde: Our location and heritage: History"
1079:), Edinburgh: 7th and Aberdeen: joint 10th (along with
2423:"Where do HE students study?: Students by HE provider"
834:
1827:, oldest universities in the United States of America
1814:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
1821:, oldest universities in Great Britain and Ireland
3117:"The 'Andersonian' – The First Technical College"
3010:"'Free' tuition fees cost Scottish students dear"
2580:"Who's studying in HE?: Personal characteristics"
576:being issued). Soon the entity came to be called
4010:
2417:
2415:
1566:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
2804:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 15 August 2023.
2594:
2449:"University League Tables entry standards 2024"
1913:
1911:
864:
228:uses the term 'older universities' to refer to
2898:. Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission
2572:
1988:The History of St. Andrews, Ancient and Modern
1935:
1933:
1548:Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom
766:, a former ancient university now part of the
3764:
3441:
3186:
2802:"Academic Ranking of World Universities 2023"
2412:
2341:"Fraserburgh from The Gazetteer for Scotland"
1794:List of UK universities by date of foundation
259:
3455:
2991:"Our university admissions system is a joke"
2730:. The Complete University Guide. 14 May 2024
1941:"Privately educated Scots dominate top jobs"
1908:
1558:The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide
789:Marischal College and University of Aberdeen
4000:The rector is a three-year elected position
3093:. University of Strathclyde. Archived from
2832:. Times Higher Education. 28 September 2023
2101:University of Glasgow – Who, Where and When
1985:
1930:
1770:teaching income from international students
880:shares all the features contained therein.
853:/Master of Arts (M.A.) as an undergraduate
3771:
3757:
3448:
3434:
3193:
3179:
2015:. Manchester University Press. p. 3.
1749:Following increasing pressures to address
1541:
2519:
2517:
2441:
2165:"Charter by King James VI, 14 April 1582"
1904:Ancient universities of Scotland#Rankings
1858:Ancient university governance in Scotland
871:Ancient university governance in Scotland
783:University and King's College of Aberdeen
754:
739:, as opposed to an 'Ancient' university.
505:Gilmorehill campus, University of Glasgow
2868:
2818:. Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. 4 June 2024.
2645:
1095:Domicile and ethnic background (2021/22)
758:
706:gained independent university status by
628:
544:
500:
434:
3641:University of the Highlands and Islands
3063:
2523:
2239:"Universities funding war flares again"
1957:rankings, eminent, and highly-selective
1917:
1337:
697:
609:was set up to the north of Aberdeen in
427:History of the University of St Andrews
254:privileged bodies of the United Kingdom
14:
4011:
3044:
3007:
2988:
2514:
2429:. HE student enrolments by HE provider
2010:
1966:
661:. The university was established by a
264:The surviving ancient universities in
3752:
3429:
3174:
2471:Higher Education Statistics Authority
2276:"University of Dundee: Press Release"
2199:University of Edinburgh – Our History
2169:University of Edinburgh – Our History
1897:
1783:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
564:, who drafted a request on behalf of
175:Locations of the ancient universities
27:Medieval and renaissance universities
2830:"THE World University Rankings 2024"
2628:"Annual Reports & Accounts 2023"
2255:
1352:Government funding body grants (£m)
845:Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)
580:, after its royal founder James IV.
3337:North West Universities Association
2816:"QS World University Rankings 2025"
2294:"Finances of Scottish Universities"
1918:Johnson, Simon (13 February 2019).
835:Undergraduate Master of Arts degree
24:
3706:Student Awards Agency for Scotland
3631:University of the West of Scotland
2205:from the original on 30 March 2019
1839:, oldest universities in Australia
488:. A fourth non-statutory college,
107:
25:
4040:
3332:Global Medical Excellence Cluster
3064:Johnson, Simon (20 August 2016).
2400:from the original on 8 April 2007
2127:. 12 January 2016. Archived from
857:. This is sometimes known as the
155:
4024:Scotland in the late Middle Ages
4019:Ancient universities of Scotland
3782:Ancient Universities of Scotland
3729:
3728:
3505:
3311:White Rose University Consortium
3045:Massie, Alex (17 January 2024).
2989:Massie, Alex (24 January 2023).
2750:"Guardian University Guide 2025"
2728:"Complete University Guide 2025"
2175:from the original on 23 May 2018
1853:List of universities in Scotland
1301:
1298:
931:students' representative council
797:Universities (Scotland) Act 1858
440:St Salvator's Chapel, St Andrews
385:
349:
320:
291:
226:Universities (Scotland) Act 1966
182:ancient universities of Scotland
154:
139:
138:
122:
106:
99:
65:
56:
45:
36:
18:Ancient Universities of Scotland
3680:Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
3657:The Open University in Scotland
3149:
3135:
3109:
3083:
3057:
3038:
3020:
3001:
2982:
2964:
2946:
2928:
2910:
2885:
2869:Havergal, Chris (8 July 2016).
2862:
2844:
2822:
2808:
2794:
2768:
2742:
2720:
2543:
2485:
2459:
2386:
2368:
2351:
2333:
2315:
2286:
2268:
2249:
2231:
2217:
2187:
2157:
2143:
2113:
2094:
2069:
2047:
2029:
1736:independent schools in Scotland
1327:Not to be confused with solely
1321:
1057:
204:in continuous operation in the
123:
2524:Johnson, Simon (27 May 2016).
2325:. 14 June 2011. Archived from
2057:. National Library of Scotland
2004:
1979:
1967:Elston, Laura (7 March 2023).
1960:
1951:
1888:
1870:
1355:Scottish Teaching income (£m)
746:addressed the issue, noting:
723:degree and electing a Rector.
13:
1:
3616:Glasgow Caledonian University
3121:technicaleducationmatters.org
2658:. The University of Edinburgh
2453:The Complete University Guide
1986:Jobson Lyon, Charles (2009).
1903:
1863:
1554:The Guardian University Guide
1364:Overall Teaching income (£m)
939:Students' Association Council
719:, awarding the undergraduate
713:ancient university governance
420:
377:in 1593; they merged in 1860
3779:University officials of the
3008:Massie, Alex (16 May 2023).
2776:"Good University Guide 2025"
2195:"Robert Rollock (1555-1599)"
1728:
1361:non-UK Teaching income (£m)
950:HESA Student Body (2021/22)
910:who also holds the title of
865:Universities (Scotland) Acts
692:
685:), a status affirmed by the
624:
268:are, in order of formation:
222:Universities (Scotland) Acts
7:
3845:Lord Campbell of Pittenweem
3621:Edinburgh Napier University
2041:The University of Edinburgh
2013:Glasgow: Beginnings to 1830
1807:
1573:
534:
10:
4045:
2708:. University of St Andrews
2103:. Retrieved 22 April 2006
1990:. BiblioLife. p. 68.
1787:
1545:
887:by a tripartite system of
868:
838:
638:
550:Elphinstone Hall, Aberdeen
538:
508:
496:
480:for students of theology.
459:Avignon Pope Benedict XIII
424:
415:
380:
344:
315:
286:
260:Foundation and development
3997:
3931:
3860:
3789:
3724:
3693:
3665:
3649:
3636:Queen Margaret University
3599:
3591:University of Strathclyde
3569:
3549:
3514:
3503:
3465:
3392:
3349:
3319:
3213:
3206:
1801:University of Strathclyde
1358:rUK Teaching income (£m)
1306:
1278:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1101:
944:
841:Master of Arts (Scotland)
814:University of Fraserburgh
3701:Scottish Funding Council
3685:Scotland's Rural College
3611:Robert Gordon University
3526:University of St Andrews
3458:Universities in Scotland
2873:. Times Higher Education
2633:. University of Aberdeen
1848:Plate glass universities
1790:Universities in Scotland
1703:University of St Andrews
1502:University of St Andrews
902:The chief executive and
619:Robert Gordon University
447:University of St Andrews
431:University of St Andrews
298:University of St Andrews
3831:Dame Katherine Grainger
3541:University of Edinburgh
3261:N8 Research Partnership
3241:Francis Crick Institute
2683:. University of Glasgow
2582:. HESA. 31 January 2023
2121:"University of Glasgow"
2011:Devine, Thomas (1995).
1653:University of Edinburgh
1595:Times/Sunday Times 2025
1542:Rankings and reputation
1424:University of Edinburgh
1373:Operating surplus (£m)
641:University of Edinburgh
603:University of Cambridge
523:, at the suggestion of
392:University of Edinburgh
369:was founded in 1495 by
190:Oilthighean ann an Alba
3945:Martina Chukwuma-Ezike
3586:University of Stirling
3581:Heriot-Watt University
3536:University of Aberdeen
1843:Red Brick universities
1837:Sandstone universities
1628:University of Aberdeen
1385:University of Aberdeen
771:
768:University of Aberdeen
755:University of Aberdeen
752:
683:Trinity College Dublin
647:Edinburgh Town Council
636:
634:New College, Edinburgh
607:Fraserburgh University
552:
541:University of Aberdeen
506:
442:
356:University of Aberdeen
206:English-speaking world
189:
3711:Universities Scotland
3675:Glasgow School of Art
3531:University of Glasgow
3296:Universities Scotland
3161:atom.lib.strath.ac.uk
2560:. Scottish Government
2502:. Scottish Government
2301:audit-scotland.gov.uk
2107:27 March 2006 at the
1831:Imperial Universities
1678:University of Glasgow
1463:University of Glasgow
1376:Endowment value (£m)
1367:Research income (£m)
933:(SRC) as required by
762:
748:
632:
548:
511:University of Glasgow
504:
476:and the much smaller
470:collegiate university
438:
327:University of Glasgow
3902:Sir Anton Muscatelli
3817:Anne, Princess Royal
3561:University of Dundee
3552:Red brick (pre-1890)
2345:scottish-places.info
1819:Ancient universities
1338:Funding and finances
908:University Principal
878:University of Dundee
704:University of Dundee
698:University of Dundee
679:ancient universities
599:University of Oxford
572:which resulted in a
490:St Leonard's College
486:University of Dundee
210:ancient universities
172:class=notpageimage|
3916:Dame Sally Mapstone
3888:Sir Peter Mathieson
3668:of higher education
3572:Plate-glass (1960s)
3291:University Alliance
3286:Thomas Young Centre
3251:Midlands Innovation
3207:Formal associations
3034:. 29 December 2016.
2893:"Elitist Scotland?"
2782:. 20 September 2024
2256:McIntosh, Lindsay.
2153:. Horn, D. B. 1967.
2055:"Slezer's Scotland"
1744:Scottish Government
1098:
1068:Scottish Government
951:
812:from 1595 to 1605 (
687:Scottish Government
655:St Magnus Cathedral
558:William Elphinstone
453:and others. Bishop
341:of Pope Nicholas V
216:are located within
202:oldest universities
3973:Ghassan Abu-Sittah
3666:Other institutions
3626:Abertay University
3517:Ancient (pre-1600)
3492:Nineteenth century
3487:Eighteenth century
3393:Informal groupings
3097:on 13 October 2016
2924:. 3 December 2015.
2756:. 7 September 2024
2131:on 27 October 2019
1947:. 7 December 2015.
1784:Later universities
1370:Total income (£m)
1094:
949:
772:
651:Bishop Robert Reid
637:
562:Bishop of Aberdeen
553:
507:
451:William Stephenson
443:
4006:
4005:
3746:
3745:
3650:Distance learning
3497:Twentieth century
3423:
3422:
3400:Campus university
3345:
3344:
3123:. 11 October 2009
2606:Scotland's Census
2125:Uniserv Education
1825:Colonial colleges
1726:
1725:
1539:
1538:
1317:
1316:
1088:private education
1055:
1054:
801:act of parliament
764:Marischal College
589:act of parliament
585:Marischal College
570:Pope Alexander VI
478:St Mary's College
413:
412:
375:Marischal College
16:(Redirected from
4036:
3990:
3981:
3967:
3953:
3935:
3924:
3910:
3896:
3882:
3864:
3853:
3839:
3825:
3811:
3793:
3783:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3603:
3602:Modern (1992 on)
3573:
3553:
3518:
3509:
3469:
3459:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3221:Cathedrals Group
3211:
3210:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2942:. 9 August 2016.
2932:
2926:
2925:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
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2866:
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2859:
2848:
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2798:
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2761:
2746:
2740:
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2713:
2707:
2699:
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2690:
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2674:
2668:
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2657:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
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2598:
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2565:
2555:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
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2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2376:"Scran Web Site"
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2329:on 14 June 2011.
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2303:. Audit Scotland
2298:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2280:app.dundee.ac.uk
2272:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2111:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2081:st-andrews.ac.uk
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1571:
1570:
1379:Net Assets (£m)
1346:
1345:
1331:
1325:
1099:
1093:
952:
948:
929:Each also has a
893:University Court
605:). In addition,
529:William Turnbull
527:, giving Bishop
389:
353:
324:
295:
271:
270:
196:and renaissance
158:
157:
142:
141:
126:
125:
110:
109:
103:
69:
60:
49:
40:
21:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3970:
3956:
3942:
3933:
3927:
3913:
3899:
3885:
3871:
3862:
3856:
3842:
3828:
3814:
3800:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3747:
3742:
3735:
3720:
3716:Universities UK
3689:
3667:
3661:
3645:
3601:
3595:
3571:
3565:
3551:
3545:
3516:
3510:
3501:
3467:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3424:
3419:
3405:Golden triangle
3388:
3341:
3315:
3301:Universities UK
3202:
3199:
3169:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3062:
3058:
3043:
3039:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3006:
3002:
2987:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2922:The Independent
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2867:
2863:
2858:. 13 June 2019.
2850:
2849:
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2630:
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2609:
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2515:
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2316:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2109:Wayback Machine
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1984:
1980:
1973:The Independent
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1810:
1796:
1788:Main articles:
1786:
1766:Sir Peter Scott
1751:widening access
1731:
1550:
1544:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1128:
1122:
1060:
974:
969:
964:
959:
947:
912:Vice-Chancellor
897:Academic Senate
889:General Council
873:
867:
855:academic degree
851:Magister Artium
847:
839:Main articles:
837:
757:
717:academic senate
700:
695:
645:Founded by the
643:
627:
543:
537:
521:Pope Nicholas V
513:
499:
433:
425:Main articles:
423:
418:
262:
224:1858–1966. The
186:Scottish Gaelic
178:
177:
176:
174:
168:
167:
166:
165:
159:
151:
150:
149:
143:
135:
134:
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111:
95:
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93:
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72:
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62:
61:
52:
51:
50:
42:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4042:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3985:Stella Maris (
3982:
3968:
3959:Simon Fanshawe
3954:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3911:
3897:
3883:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
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3741:
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3722:
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3719:
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3697:
3695:
3694:Related bodies
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
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3278:
3273:
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3208:
3204:
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3148:
3134:
3108:
3082:
3056:
3037:
3019:
3000:
2981:
2978:. 31 May 2017.
2963:
2960:. 25 May 2015.
2945:
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2669:
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2593:
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2513:
2484:
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2440:
2411:
2385:
2367:
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2332:
2314:
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2248:
2230:
2216:
2186:
2156:
2142:
2112:
2093:
2068:
2046:
2028:
2021:
2003:
1997:978-1103782949
1996:
1978:
1959:
1950:
1929:
1907:
1896:
1887:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
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1300:
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1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
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1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
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1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1132:International
1130:
1125:
1123:Mixed Heritage
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1086:Students from
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
990:
987:
984:
981:
977:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
946:
943:
904:chief academic
869:Main article:
866:
863:
836:
833:
793:
792:
791:; founded 1593
786:
785:; founded 1495
778:, which were:
756:
753:
744:Alan Langlands
699:
696:
694:
691:
671:Robert Rollock
639:Main article:
626:
623:
578:King's College
539:Main article:
536:
533:
509:Main article:
498:
495:
474:United College
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
410:
400:
394:
383:
379:
378:
367:King's College
364:
358:
347:
343:
342:
335:
329:
318:
314:
313:
306:
300:
289:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
261:
258:
170:
169:
161:
160:
153:
152:
145:
144:
137:
136:
129:
128:
121:
120:
113:
112:
105:
104:
98:
97:
96:
74:
73:
64:
63:
55:
54:
53:
44:
43:
35:
34:
33:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4041:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4001:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3940:
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3803:Queen Camilla
3799:
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3330:
3328:
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3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:Wallace Group
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
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3271:Russell Group
3269:
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3259:
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3254:
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3249:
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3070:The Telegraph
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2608:. 21 May 2024
2607:
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2530:The Telegraph
2527:
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2240:
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2196:
2190:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
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2146:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2022:9780719036910
2018:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:The Telegraph
1921:
1914:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1891:
1883:
1882:smo.uhi.ac.uk
1879:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1856:
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1773:
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1756:
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1740:country's MPs
1737:
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1597:
1596:
1589:
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1587:Guardian 2025
1581:
1580:
1579:Complete 2025
1572:
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1563:
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1329:White British
1324:
1320:
1312:
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1305:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
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1116:Black British
1112:
1111:British Asian
1107:
1106:British White
1100:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
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806:Aberdeenshire
802:
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790:
787:
784:
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765:
761:
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747:
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738:
734:
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722:
718:
714:
709:
708:royal charter
705:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:royal charter
660:
656:
652:
648:
642:
635:
631:
622:
620:
616:
615:Robert Gordon
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
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581:
579:
575:
571:
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566:King James IV
563:
559:
551:
547:
542:
532:
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525:King James II
522:
518:
512:
503:
494:
491:
487:
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475:
471:
466:
464:
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456:
455:Henry Wardlaw
452:
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441:
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432:
428:
409:
405:
404:royal charter
401:
398:
395:
393:
388:
384:
381:
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372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
357:
352:
348:
345:
340:
337:Founded by a
336:
333:
330:
328:
323:
319:
316:
311:
308:Founded by a
307:
304:
301:
299:
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279:
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272:
269:
267:
257:
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227:
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215:
214:British Isles
211:
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187:
183:
173:
164:
148:
132:
116:
102:
90:
86:
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78:
68:
59:
48:
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30:
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3900:
3886:
3874:George Boyne
3872:
3843:
3829:
3815:
3801:
3733:
3515:
3482:Early modern
3385:(since 1992)
3362:
3160:
3151:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3120:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:the original
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3069:
3059:
3050:
3040:
3032:The Scotsman
3031:
3022:
3013:
3003:
2994:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2887:
2875:. Retrieved
2864:
2855:
2846:
2836:28 September
2834:. Retrieved
2824:
2810:
2796:
2786:20 September
2784:. Retrieved
2779:
2770:
2760:11 September
2758:. Retrieved
2754:The Guardian
2753:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2557:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2529:
2504:. Retrieved
2499:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2473:. hesa.ac.uk
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2426:
2402:. Retrieved
2388:
2379:
2370:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2327:the original
2317:
2307:19 September
2305:. Retrieved
2300:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2251:
2243:The Scotsman
2242:
2233:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2168:
2159:
2150:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:the original
2124:
2115:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2037:"Philosophy"
2031:
2012:
2006:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1962:
1953:
1945:The Scotsman
1944:
1923:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1797:
1774:
1758:
1748:
1732:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1524:
1485:
1446:
1407:
1341:
1323:
1233:
1205:
1177:
1149:
1096:
1085:
1065:
1061:
1058:Student body
1049:
1030:
1011:
992:
938:
928:
901:
882:
874:
858:
848:
818:
794:
773:
749:
741:
725:
715:such as the
701:
644:
593:
582:
554:
514:
484:independent
482:
467:
444:
263:
246:
198:universities
181:
179:
29:
3792:Chancellors
3379:(1960–1969)
3377:Plate glass
3373:(1900–1963)
3359:(pre-1600)
3226:Eastern ARC
2712:22 December
2687:21 December
1755:Alex Massie
1598:(National)
1590:(National)
1582:(National)
1574:University
1349:University
1073:UCAS points
955:University
859:Scottish MA
829:Gilmorehill
825:New College
821:Old College
810:Fraserburgh
733:Heriot-Watt
729:Strathclyde
675:papal bulls
665:granted by
611:Fraserburgh
461:issued six
406:granted by
399:, Scotland
363:, Scotland
334:, Scotland
305:, Scotland
4013:Categories
3989:, 2023–26)
3987:St Andrews
3980:, 2024–27)
3966:, 2024–27)
3952:, 2022–25)
3921:St Andrews
3863:Principals
3850:St Andrews
3365:(pre-1600)
3327:1994 Group
3281:SETsquared
3127:12 October
3101:12 October
2976:The Herald
2958:The Herald
2940:The Herald
2902:3 December
2856:The Herald
2662:30 January
2586:8 February
2477:8 February
2433:8 February
2061:12 October
1864:References
1546:See also:
1234:St Andrews
1102:University
1037:St Andrews
920:Chancellor
574:papal bull
517:papal bull
421:St Andrews
371:papal bull
339:papal bull
310:papal bull
303:St Andrews
230:St Andrews
115:St Andrews
77:St Andrews
3964:Edinburgh
3893:Edinburgh
3822:Edinburgh
3410:Doxbridge
3371:Red brick
3075:23 August
3051:The Times
3014:The Times
2995:The Times
2780:The Times
2264:. London.
2262:The Times
2209:16 August
2179:16 August
1760:The Times
1729:Criticism
1622:(Global)
1614:(Global)
1606:(Global)
1603:ARWU 2023
1178:Edinburgh
1129:not known
1077:Cambridge
999:Edinburgh
975:students
970:students
965:students
960:students
958:Scottish
916:honorific
693:Anomalies
625:Edinburgh
397:Edinburgh
242:Edinburgh
163:Edinburgh
89:Edinburgh
3950:Aberdeen
3923:, 2016–)
3909:, 2009–)
3895:, 2021–)
3881:, 2018–)
3879:Aberdeen
3852:, 2006–)
3838:, 2020–)
3824:, 2011–)
3810:, 2013–)
3808:Aberdeen
3736:Category
3477:Medieval
3415:Oxbridge
3363:Scotland
3256:Million+
2558:gov.scot
2500:gov.scot
2404:21 April
2398:Archived
2203:Archived
2173:Archived
2135:4 August
2105:Archived
1808:See also
1777:clearing
1764:Access,
1716:301–400
1691:101–150
1647:201–250
1641:201–300
1619:THE 2024
1564:and the
1496:1,078.7
1457:2,615.4
1280:Scotland
1150:Aberdeen
980:Aberdeen
885:governed
808:town of
776:Aberdeen
737:Stirling
667:James VI
595:Aberdeen
535:Aberdeen
408:James VI
361:Aberdeen
280:Location
266:Scotland
238:Aberdeen
218:Scotland
194:medieval
147:Aberdeen
85:Aberdeen
3978:Glasgow
3934:Rectors
3907:Glasgow
3836:Glasgow
3468:History
3357:Ancient
3320:Defunct
3246:MedCity
3231:GuildHE
3214:Current
2564:1 April
2506:1 April
2086:31 July
1611:QS 2025
1556:and in
1447:1,340.6
1206:Glasgow
1121:British
1018:Glasgow
968:Non-UK
935:statute
924:titular
918:. The
906:is the
497:Glasgow
416:Members
390:
354:
332:Glasgow
325:
296:
249:fifteen
234:Glasgow
212:of the
131:Glasgow
81:Glasgow
3350:By age
3145:. BBC.
2877:8 July
2734:14 May
2612:21 May
2535:7 July
2019:
1994:
1535:428.1
1532:114.9
1518:150.6
1515:111.5
1493:234.3
1490:124.5
1482:220.7
1479:403.8
1476:312.0
1467:185.9
1454:559.8
1451:176.8
1443:339.5
1440:513.7
1437:372.9
1428:210.0
1418:352.4
1256:37.6%
1228:34.4%
1200:35.1%
1172:19.1%
1143:Non-EU
1127:Other/
1081:Durham
1050:11,820
1031:42,980
1027:17,390
1021:20,520
1012:41,250
1008:18,050
1005:11,900
1002:11,300
993:16,565
945:Status
914:as an
895:, and
799:. The
735:, and
659:Orkney
283:Notes
192:) are
2896:(PDF)
2706:(PDF)
2681:(PDF)
2656:(PDF)
2637:8 May
2631:(PDF)
2554:(PDF)
2496:(PDF)
2380:Scran
2297:(PDF)
1734:from
1722:193=
1529:21.1
1525:314.2
1521:46.7
1512:24.5
1506:43.3
1486:944.2
1473:23.6
1470:42.2
1434:86.0
1431:27.5
1415:58.6
1408:268.6
1404:56.3
1401:96.9
1398:62.9
1395:11.5
1392:17.8
1389:80.4
1313:5.9%
1307:89.8%
1284:92.9%
1210:50.6%
1182:47.1%
1154:60.5%
1046:5,425
1043:3,230
1040:3,165
1024:5,075
989:4,690
986:2,120
983:9,750
973:Total
922:is a
519:from
463:bulls
382:1582
346:1495
317:1451
288:1413
3266:NCUK
3129:2016
3103:2016
3077:2016
2904:2015
2879:2016
2838:2023
2788:2024
2762:2024
2736:2024
2714:2023
2689:2023
2664:2024
2639:2024
2614:2024
2588:2023
2566:2023
2537:2016
2508:2023
2479:2023
2435:2023
2427:HESA
2406:2007
2309:2019
2211:2021
2181:2021
2137:2019
2088:2022
2063:2016
2017:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1894:s.16
1792:and
1719:104
1697:87=
1672:30=
1663:17=
1644:236
1509:6.6
1412:9.3
1310:4.3%
1296:0.9%
1293:1.1%
1290:1.2%
1287:3.9%
1253:8.3%
1250:1.4%
1247:2.6%
1244:0.8%
1241:3.3%
1219:1.8%
1216:0.9%
1213:3.3%
1197:8.7%
1194:2.3%
1191:2.6%
1188:0.8%
1185:3.5%
1169:9.2%
1166:2.4%
1160:2.4%
1157:4.4%
1066:The
963:rUK
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