Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations

984: 1176: 183: 1229: 361: 5933:, apparently a Mauryan king, "loved the Greeks": "Iambulus, having found his way to a certain village, was then brought by the natives into the presence of the king of Palibothra, a city which was distant a journey of many days from the sea. And since the king loved the Greeks ("Philhellenos") and devoted to learning he considered Iambulus worthy of cordial welcome; and at length, upon receiving a permission of safe-conduct, he passed over first of all into Persia and later arrived safe in Greece" Diodorus ii,60. 1221: 66: 1706: 854: 2686: 1192: 564: 25: 1557: 6189: 113: 2233:(Sun) and named it "Ajax" because he thought that such a so great animal deserved a great name. The elephant had gold rings around its tusks and an inscription was on them written in Greek: "Alexander the son of Zeus dedicates Ajax to the Helios" (ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ Ο ΔΙΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΑΙΑΝΤΑ ΤΩΙ ΗΛΙΩΙ). Alexander also met and talked with Indian 4618:

The murals are painted in what would go on to become a style distinct to the Indian subcontinent but with some elements such as the use of perspective, lime mortar, and the three quarter profiles of the figures, suggesting a Hellenistic (Ancient Greek) influence. Notably, many of the colour pigments

3409:

Palaesimundum (Παλαισιμούνδου) was a town in Taprobane, but in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea the writer inform us that at his time the whole island was called like this (Ptolemy and Stephanus state that the island was called Simundum (Σιμούνδου), but it is very probable that they made a mistake

3389:

settled in the West Gate of Anuradhapura were not the second or third generation of Greeks who arrived in northwest India but were men who, just two decades ago at the most, left Greek homelands as Alexander's camp followers and came to Sri Lanka with or in the wake of Alexander's troops. When their

1946:

the musician said that this argument comes from the Indians. For a man of that people met Socrates in Athens and asked him what his philosophy was about; and when he said that he was investigating human life, the Indian laughed at him, saying that no one could understand human affairs if he ignored

1742:

Many Greek rulers after Menander had the description "Maharajasa dhramikasa" (follower of the Dharma) next to their name on their coinage; this does not necessarily imply that they were Buddhists or that Buddhism was dominant in their kingdom, as symbols of the Greek religion were also on the same

3061:

was an essay in scientific geography written in Greek with illustrations and maps. The work mentioned India, and the writer Cosmas Indicopleustes had actually made the journey, and he described and sketched some of what he saw in his topography. Indicopleustes means "Cosmas who sailed to India".

608:

whom he fathered in India. He gave her the southern part of India, where she then reigned as queen. According to legend, the Indian tribe of Pandae was descended from the daughter of Heracles and, for this reason, they were the only tribe in India who had the habit of having female sovereigns.

2965:

Strabo didn't believe what the people wrote about India to his age, because they included a lot of fables in their writings, especially Deimachus and Megasthenes, while Onesicritus and Nearchus together with some others wrote "a few words of truth." On the other hand, he trusted the works of

2142:, in a passage where he calls on the people to honour the Brahmans, said: “The Greeks, though impure, must be honoured, since they are trained in sciences, and therein they excelled others. What, then, are we to say of a Brahman, if he combines with his purity the height of science?” 3733:

may have functioned as an intermediary that enabled the movement of goods, raw materials, people, and iconography between the east and west. Mesopotamia may have even afforded an opportunity for Aegean peoples to encounter the creatures themselves, first-hand.

872:

used the Greek alphabet, and on their coins, they used Greek legends. They also adopted other elements of the Greek culture of the Hellenistic Kingdoms. Art themes derived from Greek mythology were common initially but later Buddhist imagery dominated.

3450:

Galiba (Γάλιβα ἄκρα) was a promontory on the northern coast of Taprobane, close to the Cory island. Certain mountains in the immediate neighbourhood of it had the same name Γάλιβα ὄρη and the inhabitants of which were called Galibi (Γάλιβοι).

6385: 745:

said that the Macedonians, seeing a cavern in the land of the Parapamisadians and hearing a certain legend which was current among the natives, or themselves forming a conjecture, spread the report that this forsooth was the cave where

5522:"I behold among you, not merely Greeks and Italians and people from neighbouring Syria, Libya, Cilicia, nor yet Ethiopians and Arabs from more distant regions, but even Bactrians and Scythians and Persians and a few Indians...." 884:, established the Kshatrapa coinage, derived from Indo-Greek coinage. The obverse of the coins consists of the profile of the ruler with a legend in Greek, while the reverse represents a thunderbolt and an arrow, with 3123:

went to the mountain, where they made ivy garlands and crowned themselves with them, singing hymns in honor of Dionysus. Alexander also offered sacrifices to Dionysus, and feasted in company with his companions.

2824:

writes that, when the Byzantines didn't want to purchase their silk from the Persians any longer due to their conflicts, some monks coming from India, who had also spent a long time in a country called Serinda

3308:

Gange (Γάγγη), according to Ptolemy, was the capital of the Gangaridae, at the mouth of the Ganges river. While Strabo speaks of a town with a similar name but places it far up the river, in the vicinity of

3976:

Lal, Shyam Bihari. “YAVANAS IN THE ANCIENT INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 65, 2004, pp. 1115–20. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44144820. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.

738:

mentioned that some writers also wrote also about a tribe in "farthest India with bodies that are rough and covered with feathers like birds, who eat no food but live by inhaling the perfume of flowers."

3741:

mentioned that “Long-distance trade, and connections between the Mediterranean, Asia and the Indian Ocean are well attested, even in this period (Bronze Age), for high value, expensive objects.” (see

2484:, who was sent thither by Philadelphus expressly for the purpose: all of whom have enlarged upon the power and vast resources of these nations." Pliny the Elder, "The Natural History", Chap. 21 2762:

papyrus, written in Greek, contains crucial information regarding the cargo of a ship named the Hermapollon that sailed back to Egypt from Muziris in India. Muziris is also mentioned in the

2279:

Alexander also conquered the kingdom of the Indian king Phegeus. The inhabitants welcomed Alexander's army and the king met Alexander and gave him many gifts. He also conquered the city of

6889: 6977: 6685: 4151: 3756:

was an important trade hub during the Late Bronze Age, with large quantities of imported goods from neighbouring regions but also long distance regions, like Afghanistan and India.

2166:

wrote a work on the interpretation of dreams in Greek which was called Ὀνειροκριτικά and contains what has been written on the same subject by the Indians, Persians, and Egyptians.

6999: 6577: 6178: 6790: 7054: 6663: 534:

is called Dionysus Indoletes (Ἰνδολέτης), which means slayer or killer of Indians. Other poems in the Greek Anthology also mention the campaign of Dionysus against the Indians.

7065: 7032: 6602: 7131: 7120: 7076: 7043: 7010: 6856: 6845: 6768: 6757: 6591: 5635: 2999:

Claudius Ptolemy mentions in his work a Greek captain named Diogenes, who was returning from his trip to India when the winds blew him off course and he had to stop below the

7142: 6911: 6867: 6641: 7109: 6878: 6222: 5119:

Roy, D. (2016). Role of Experiments in the Progress of Science: Lessons from our History. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy. 51. 10.16943/ijhs/2016/v51i3/48847.

4176: 6674: 131: 38: 7263: 7385: 4619:

used in the painting, including red ochre, yellow ochre, brown ochre, black, white, and lapis lazuli were likely imported from Central Asia and the Iranian Plateau.

1840:

that Beloved-Servant-of-the-Gods considers to be the best conquest. And it has been won here, on the borders, even six hundred yojanas away, where the Greek king

397:

arrived in Nysa, representatives of the city met him and asked him not to capture the city and the land because Dionysus had founded the city and named it after

1297:, in his work about Alexander which is now lost was describing a lot of things about India. The books are now lost, but we can find fragments about them in the 3289:(Κασπειρία) was a district of India intra Gangem with Ptolemy naming 18 cities there, including the Caspeira (Κάσπειρα) and the Rarassa (Ῥαράσσα or Ἠράρασα). 2624:

poems described the Greek soldiers who served as mercenaries for Indian kings as "the valiant-eyed Yavanas, whose bodies were strong and of terrible aspect".

6812: 5118: 6200: 3560: 2641:

mentions Yavana soldiers, who, according to scholars, including Professor Dikshitar, is a reference to the Greek mercenaries employed by the Tamil kings.

7459: 5420:

The Interactions of Greek and non-Greek Populations in Bactria-Sogdiana during the Hellenistic Period, The University Of British Columbia, 1997, p. 32-33

7274: 5352: 7296: 5776: 5874: 3454:

Cape of Zeus (Δίος ἄκρα) was a promontory on the south of Taprobane. Its exact position cannot be identified, but it must have been close to present

3339:(Συραστρηνή). Ptolemy mentions Syrastra, which may have once been its capital. Larica (Λαρική) was a rich commercial district between Syrastrene and 1544:

states: "The Yavanas (Greeks) are barbarians, yet the science of astronomy originated with them, and for this, they must be revered like gods.". The

7252: 6438: 7285: 712:, a truly remarkable army that consisted of thousands and thousands of men with various kinds of arms, and surpassed the hopes and prayers even of 6922: 7469: 6746: 2874:

After Alexander's period, there were trade relations between the Greek world and Sri Lanka. Ancient writers describe in details what was traded.

87: 44: 7504: 5942:"Diodorus testifies to the great love of the king of Palibothra, apparently a Mauryan king, for the Greeks" Narain, "The Indo-Greeks", p. 362. 3664:, a traditional system of medicine practiced in India, refers to Graeco-Arabic medicine, which is based on the teachings of Greek physicians 1183:; the Dionysian motif of youth holding a leather pouch filled with wine; or cupids bearing garlands of flowers. From 2nd-3rd century, now in 7378: 3151: 3071: 6319: 4913:. Jakarta : Indonesian Institute of Sciences, : International Center for Prehistoric and Austronesian Studies. 2006. p. 407. 1668:

cultural syncretism. The arts of the Indian sub-continent were also quite affected by Hellenistic art during and after these interactions. (

7494: 6006: 1586: 1243:, wrote a survey of Asia and Africa in his Periígisis (Greek: Περιήγησις: to browse), now lost, which contained some information on India. 6460: 4558: 3498:(Γαγγαρίδαι), people near the mouths of the Ganges. Ptolemy assigns them a capital, called Ganga Regia, on the western side of the Ganges. 305:." It is suggested that the Indians took the word either from the Persians (who called the Greeks Yaunas) or from some Semitic language. 7464: 6539: 4500: 3657:

wrote about the animals in India. He also mentioned that there were Macedonians who settled in India in the cities founded by Alexander.

3631:

priest who lived in ancient India. He explained the term yavanānī as the script of the Yavanas. He took the same line as Pāṇini that the

3286: 3003:. Since the winds were not favorable to travel north, he traveled south and explored the east coast of Africa where he found the city of 6566: 5765: 4478: 4027: 3501: 2986:

and later he also traveled to Athens, where he burned himself to death. According to Plutarch, his tomb could still be seen in Athens.

1879:, dated later than the 2nd century AD, have been found in Afghanistan. Some mention the "Lokesvararaja Buddha" (λωγοασφαροραζοβοδδο). 1389:. He referred to India several times during the course of the book, and he devoted book 15 to an extended description of the country. 7176:

Poulakou-Rebelakou, E; Karamanou, M; George, A (2015). "The impact of ancient Greek medicine in India: the birth of Unani medicine".

6514: 4766: 2229:

wrote that in the army of Porus there was an elephant who fought bravely against Alexander's army, and Alexander dedicated it to the

7202: 4609: 4231: 4187: 347:

Although originally the word Yavana meant Greek, in later centuries it was also applied to Romans, Arabs and westerners in general.

7479: 7371: 6801: 5454: 4788: 4209: 4096: 4049: 6933: 6233: 5787: 5690: 5301: 4445: 4253: 4118: 2424:, the second Mauryan emperor of India, had diplomatic relations with and very friendly feelings towards the Greeks. He even asked 690:

conquered many barbarians and called the whole country under him Media but that when he was marching against the Indians he died.

5826: 5740: 4344: 4322: 4063: 4011: 3986: 3790: 3672:. The ancient Greek medical system enriched with local elements was received positively by the Indian people and the physicians. 6347: 6296: 4456: 2402:. Chandragupta and Seleucus finally concluded an alliance. Seleucus gave him his daughter in marriage, ceded the territories of 7484: 6779: 5701: 4944: 4242: 2194: 1370: 784: 7358: 6627: 5312: 4434: 6966: 6955: 6697: 6418: 4810: 4140: 6652: 5798: 5751: 4837: 3866: 1894:

and Ctesias. He quoted Scylax to refer to Indian politics and mentions seven Indian animals, by clearly drawing on Ctesias.

444:

of Delphi" (ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ Ο ΣΕΜΕΛΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΟΣ ΑΠΟ ΙΝΔΩΝ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙ ΔΕΛΦΩΙ). Furthermore, he mentioned that Indians who dwell in the

6722: 6307: 6244: 4958: 4826: 4489: 2476:"But has been treated of by several other Greek writers who resided at the courts of Indian kings, such, for instance, as 1779:. In addition, Mahāvaṃsa mention how early Buddhists from Sri Lanka went to Alexandria of the Caucasus to learn Buddhism. 983: 7353: 5955:

The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes: The Ancient World Economy & the Empires of Parthia, Central Asia & Han China

3349:

Peperine (Πεπερίνη), was an island off the south-west coast of India, undoubtedly derived its name from producing pepper.

2492:. In addition, his edicts mention a Yona (Greek) province on the north-west border of India, most probably the Arachosia. 7474: 7021: 3935: 3390:

fellow Greeks showed reluctance to push further south, these Greeks apparently had done so.” The Greeks called Sri Lanka

2488:

Asoka also appointed some Greeks to high offices of state (Yavanaraja, meaning Greek King or Governor), for example, the

1815: 1799: 1669: 497:) who was huge, immense, and formidable, and whose ancestor was the founder of the Indian race. In addition, in Book 14, 5531: 5511: 4467: 83: 7423: 7344: 7214:

Pareja, Marie Nicole; McKinney, Tracie; Mayhew, Jessica A.; Setchell, Joanna M.; Nash, Stephen D.; Heaton, Ray (2020).

7098: 6487: 6370: 6152: 6125: 6050: 5990: 5963: 5901: 5620: 5226: 5195: 5168: 5141: 5058: 4892: 4730: 4703: 4584: 4405: 4378: 389:

reports that Dionysus was called Nysian or Nysean (Νύσιος) by the Indians. According to legend, he founded the city of

2796:

Tacola (Τάκωλα) was a place on the west coast of the Aurea Chersonesus, in India extra Gangem, which Ptolemy calls an

7403: 7323: 7087: 6091: 5856: 5578: 5395: 5333: 5260: 5103: 4669: 4642: 3264:

In addition to the aforementioned cities, Stephanus of Byzantium also described many other Indian cities and places.

2175: 755: 167: 149: 52: 6900: 4395: 4368: 2197:, Alexander's army fought many battles against Indian tribes and kingdoms, including the battle against the army of 2811:

and other regions, including ancient India. It gives detailed information about the ports, routes and commodities.

1374: 682: 509: 4945:

The History of Theophylact Simocatta - An English Translation with Introduction and Notes, Michael and Mary Whitby

3949: 401:. He had also named the mountain near the city, Meron (Μηρόν) (i.e. thigh), because Dionysus grew in the thigh of 7418: 6362:

The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: The Ancient World Economy & the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia & India

3871: 2882:, archaeologists discovered gold coins with Greek inscriptions, most probably belonging to the Byzantine period. 2837:

and promised to settle the silk question. Thus, the Byzantines would not need to buy the silk from the Persians.

1783: 6613: 4918: 3318: 3160:

wrote that Alexander founded a number of cities in the Indus Delta, but most probably he meant some garrisons.

2804: 2763: 2627: 1175: 783:, adding that they got married. Malalas wrote that Kandake was an Indian queen, whom Alexander met during his 5982:

The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: The Ancient World Economy and the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia and India

5356: 4198: 4085: 2276:

who sent embassies of submission to Alexander was allowed to retain his kingdom with considerable additions.

2055:'s poetry is sung in India. He also mentioned that Bactrians and Indians were to be found in his audience in 1787: 1179:

Some of the iconography and motifs of Gandharan art reveal its influences from the Greek art. The Greek god

823:

wrote that "The Indian ants (μύρμηκες οἱ Ἰνδικοὶ) which guard the gold will not cross the river Campylinus".

456:

visitor, who knew the religious rites of the Theban (according to some Greek myths, god Dionysus was born in

6335: 5429: 2878:

wrote about a specific Greek merchant named ‘Sopatrus’ who had a trade relationship with Sri Lanka. At the

635:). He supported the Indians in their war against the invading armies of the god Dionysus. He was the son of 3856: 3829: 3796: 7164: 6167: 5871: 3096:

also settled there with the "Branchidae," who were the descendants of Greek priests who had once lived at

2871:

as the Indian gourd (σικύαν Ἰνδικὴν) because the seed of that gourd was originally introduced from India.

7489: 7428: 5478: 3698: 2225: 2020: 1916:

on Indian species. Also, in his work "On Stones," he describes rocks, stones and gems produced in India.

826:

The Indian Dragons were a breed of giant serpents which could fight and strangle the elephants of India.

123: 1102:

wrote that Indians get drunk very easily with wine and they get worse than any Greek or Roman would be.

7433: 6479: 6407: 6042: 5252: 5218: 3814: 3444:). Talacory (Ταλάκωρυ) or Aacote (Ἀακότη) was a port emporium on the north-western side of Taprobana. 2730: 1776: 1304: 1152:

in the Greek world) was a common sight in India. These girls were also trained in the theatrical arts.

640: 4162: 4107: 3861: 3591:

Tacaraei (Τακαραῖοι), a mountain tribe of India extra Gangem. They must have occupied part of modern

3115:

and he named the mountain near the city, Meron (Μηρὸν) (i.e. thigh), because he grew in the thigh of

2346: 1957: 1074: 78: 5455:"Early Pyrrhonism as a Sect of Buddhism? A Case Study in the Methodology of Comparative Philosophy" 3785: 3382: 3143: 2955: 2691: 2614:

called the city Daedala in India an Indo-Cretan city, most probably because it was a settlement of

2399: 2372: 2290:

and after their response he decided to continue. He was preparing to march against the Indian King

2269: 1612: 1337:

attempted to calculate the exact size and shape of India, relying on reports written by travelers.

1233: 1184: 587: 501:

transformed into an Indian in order to talk and persuade the Indian chief to fight Dionysus' army.

7203:

Martial, Epigrammata, 1.109, 2.42, 4.28, 5.37, 7.30, 8.26, 8.28, 8.78, 10.16, 10.38, 10.98, 13.100

3621:, an ancient Sanskrit grammarian, was acquainted with the word yavana (Greek) in his composition. 2498:

wrote about the use of Indian elephants in battles and about the alliance between the Indian king

7216:"A new identification of the monkeys depicted in a Bronze Age wall painting from Akrotiri, Thera" 7215: 6010: 4309: 3913: 3896: 3147: 2699: 2559: 2503: 2445: 2368: 2265: 1821: 1608: 959: 182: 5813:

Complete Indian History for IAS Exam: Highly Recommended for IAS, PCS and other Competitive Exam

5553: 4423: 3844: 3775: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3250: 3246: 3204: 3181: 3135: 3047: 2969: 2826: 2744: 2707: 2611: 2536: 2481: 2453: 2320: 2220: 1445: 1437: 1407: 597: 490: 5489: 5440: 4933: 3257:) in India, which he called an Indo-Cretan city, most probably because it was a settlement of 7313: 5838: 5409: 3157: 3108: 3058: 3017: 2875: 2674: 2524: 2331: 2163: 2082: 2000: 1962: 1920: 1476: 1366: 1250: 1048: 952: 790: 677: 671: 504: 390: 6264: 5542: 3713:

species. But there was a species that was harder to identify. Archaeologists teamed up with

3381:, there was a Greek settlement. Professor Merlin Peris, former professor of classics at the 3243:

Maliarpha (Μαλιάρφα,) was a place of considerable commerce in the territory of the Arvarni.

2539:

as "King of the Indians". Greek and Indian sources indicate the Greeks campaigned as far as

7499: 7438: 7413: 6988: 6587: 6585: 6540:"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Gangetĭcus Sinus" 5010: 4967: 3891: 3881: 3834: 3410:

and the correct name was Palaesimundum). Later the island was also called Salice (Σαλική).

3374: 3233: 3229:

wrote that there were Macedonians who settled in India in the cities founded by Alexander.

3081: 3054: 2979: 2797: 1845: 1413: 1340: 1240: 632: 519:

wrote that after Dionysus had subdued the Indians, he formed an alliance with them and the

3195:, many Greek cities were founded by the Greco-Bactrians in northern India. The cities of 2156:, Egypt, and became a religious teacher. He wrote four books, which because the source of 1600: 8: 6449: 5848: 4523:

Kushan Empire (ca. Second Century B.C.–Third Century A.D.)-The Metropolitan Museum of Art

3601:

Tabassi (Τάβασσοι), a tribe of Indians who occupied the interior of the southern part of

3332: 3127: 2439: 2384: 2364: 2190: 2182: 2093: 2037: 1596: 1561: 896: 770: 436:

there was a disc of silver for an offering bearing the inscription: "Dionysus the son of

394: 312:

theory about the word Yavanas, believed that the word was derived from the Sanskrit root

251: 222: 186: 7315:

The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran's National History: On the Margins of Historiography

7264:

How we solved the Greek monkey mystery – and found an important clue to Bronze Age world

6582: 5014: 4971: 3676: 1607:

in India when Pyrrho was there during the conquest of Alexander the Great. According to

647:. In addition, the king of the Indians, Deriades (Δηριάδης) was the son of Hydaspes and 7286:

Cyprus's copper deposits created one of the most important trade hubs in the Bronze Age

5827:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology William Smith, Ed., Megasthenes

5026: 4983: 4576:

Rome and the Distant East: Trade Routes to the ancient lands of Arabia, India and China

3886: 3876: 3839: 3824: 3819: 3770: 3742: 3507:

Harmatotrophi, a small tribe mentioned by Pliny as living at the foot of the Hindu Kush

3302: 2989: 2919: 2895: 2583: 2528: 1898: 1891: 1294: 1180: 881: 701: 412: 6614:

History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time - Muḥammad Laṭīf

6258: 6256: 6254: 6252: 2601:

King. They gave him a letter written in Greek and asked for some diplomatic requests.

360: 7340: 7319: 7235: 7185: 6483: 6366: 6148: 6121: 6087: 6046: 5986: 5959: 5897: 5852: 5777:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology William Smith, Ed., Aggrammes

5616: 5574: 5532:

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Dio_Chrysostom/Discourses/32*.html

5391: 5329: 5256: 5222: 5191: 5164: 5137: 5099: 5054: 4914: 4888: 4726: 4699: 4665: 4638: 4580: 4522: 4401: 4374: 3765: 3749: 3717:

in order to re-examine the monkey paintings. The team has identified the monkey as a

3654: 3651:

mentions a Basilis (Βάσιλις) who wrote a series of books about the History of India.

3513:(Ἱππάσιοι), most probably the same tribe as the Aspasii (Ἀσπάσιοι) or Aspii (Ἄσπιοι). 3325: 3226: 3220: 3120: 2736: 2551: 2425: 2342: 2149: 2075: 1902: 1841: 1764: 1523: 963: 820: 775: 622: 5030: 4987: 336:

explains that when the affix is added to the word Yavana, it indicates handwriting.

221:). Although, during different periods of history, "India" referred to a much wider ( 7227: 6978:

Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Gangaridae

6249: 5018: 4975: 4511: 3694: 3628: 3441: 3112: 3077: 3007:. According to Ptolemy, this happened during the second trip of Diogenes to India. 2879: 2726: 2715: 2706:

and selected it as the principal harbour of the trade with India, in preference to

2298: 1825: 1631: 1627: 1541: 1534: 1530: 1508: 1261: 1196: 816: 693: 644: 567: 398: 238: 7363: 7359:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), William Smith, LLD, Ed., Taprobane

3901: 3432:). Ptolemy called one of a group of islands which surrounded Sri Lanka Nagadiba ( 3100:. Herodotus also records Persian generals threatening to enslave daughters of the 2972:

was an admiral of Seleucus who sailed into the Indian Ocean, and left an account.

1768: 7334: 6473: 6360: 6142: 6115: 6081: 6036: 5980: 5953: 5891: 5878: 5842: 5811: 5741:

Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Abisares

5679: 5668: 5657: 5646: 5610: 5243: 5212: 5185: 5158: 5131: 5093: 5048: 4908: 4882: 4720: 4693: 4659: 4632: 4574: 4304: 4172: 4170: 3738: 3648: 3328:

in the district of India intra Gangem Damassi Montes/Mountains (τὰ Δάμασσα ὄρη).

3301:

was a city in India, intra Gangem, made known to the Greeks by the expedition of

3163: 2856: 2663: 2532: 2449: 2253: 2198: 2129: 1861: 1699: 1397: 1351: 1298: 1106: 1079: 941: 659: 531: 453: 282: 4220: 3295:(Κασπάτυρος) or Caspapyrus (Κασπάπυρος) was a city in the district of Pactyice. 2608:

received a Greek education at the court of his father and spoke Greek fluently.

2139: 1810:" (piety) as a Greek translation for the central Buddhist and Hindu concept of " 621:-nymph of a lake in India and daughter of the river Ganges. She had a son named 7231: 6211: 5523: 5022: 4979: 3809: 3780: 3661: 3624: 3525: 3433: 3276: 3223:

was an island paradise located in the Indian Ocean mentioned by Greek writers.

3131: 3025: 3000: 2935: 2638: 2621: 2563: 2457: 2392: 2287: 2207: 2110: 2044: 2025: 1795: 1691: 1665: 1634:

suspects Nāgārjuna was influenced by Greek Pyrrhonist texts imported to India.

1619: 1356: 1324: 1266: 1165: 1092: 843: 760: 469: 457: 426: 369: 242: 202: 198: 190: 7354:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), William Smith, LLD, Ed., India

7275:

Painted Bronze Age Monkeys Hint at the Interconnectedness of the Ancient World

4167: 3936:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) William Smith, LLD, Ed. - India

3447:

Tarachi (Τάραχοι) was a tribe in Taprobane who had a port called Ἡλίου λίμην.

1500: 1220: 316:(to mix, to mingle). The earliest written record of the term Yavana is in the 7453: 5500: 3714: 3559:

Zamirae or Zamirai (Ζαμῖραι) and Gamerae or Gamerai (Γαμῆραι) was a tribe in

3200: 3174: 3101: 3085: 3039: 2975: 2946:

and their culture. Megasthenes also mentioned the prehistoric arrival of God

2943: 2575: 2388: 2257: 2118: 1966: 1876: 1754: 1746: 1687: 1410:

wrote of the geographical, mythological, and religious information of India.

1313:, probably did not travel to India, but his account of the country, based on 908: 885: 869: 861: 779:, with other materials and wrote about an affair of Alexander the Great with 731: 468:, declared that Dionysus was the son of the river Indus and that Dionysus of 5567:"Making Space for Bicultural Identity: Herodes Atticus Commemorates Regilla" 5501:

Suda, https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/alpha/3420, alpha,3420

3618: 2648: 1145: 321: 7239: 7189: 6263:

Katugampola; Munasinghe; Nanayakkara; Fernando; Jayathilake (7 July 2021).

5593: 5001:

Pingree, David (1976). "The Recovery of Early Greek Astronomy from India".

4956:

Pingree, David (1976). "The Recovery of Early Greek Astronomy from India".

4878: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3609:. It seems that they derived their name from the Sanskrit Tapasja, “woods.” 3386: 3355:

Triglyphon was the metropolis and royal residence of Cirrhadia (the modern

3214: 2962:, who was an ambassador to the court of Bindusara, also wrote about India. 2845: 2815: 2808: 2807:

was a manual written in Greek for navigators who carried trade between the

2722: 2499: 2350: 2309: 2234: 2157: 2125: 2015: 1909: 1772: 1695: 1646: 1516: 1504: 1492: 1334: 1131: 1085: 948:, which dates to the 1st century BC, there was a dedication from the Greek 900: 766: 742: 523:

and took them into his service. He later used them in his campaign against

386: 226: 6834: 1228: 65: 6331: 5930: 5729: 3730: 3718: 3665: 3632: 3470:

Abastanes or Abastani or Sambastae (Σαμβασταί) or Sabarcae, probably the

3362: 3237: 3210: 2923: 2899: 2703: 2579: 2571: 2554:

is a stone column erected around 110 BCE in present-day central India in

2540: 2517: 2477: 2461: 2435: 2327: 2086: 1943: 1869: 1573: 1545: 1385: 1314: 1310: 1124: 930: 727: 571: 417: 376: 257: 6823: 6502: 6262: 5715: 4884:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

4610:"Cultural Selection: The Silk Roads Legacy of the Ajanta Cave Paintings" 4275: 4038: 3975: 3954: 2323:

had a son with Alexander the Great. But modern historians dismiss this.

2148:

traveled to India several times during the first century CE. He studied

1611:'s analysis, Pyrrho's philosophy was strikingly similar to the Buddhist 988:

An ivory statuette of a Yakshii (1st century CE), found in the ruins of

7153: 6419:

Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Barca

4355: 3997: 3945: 3943: 3638: 3585: 3550: 3495: 3336: 3310: 3298: 3292: 3043: 2927: 2912: 2778: 2659: 2376: 2186: 2153: 2145: 2068: 2056: 1986: 1924: 1865: 1750: 1683: 1638: 1623: 1604: 1569: 1287: 934: 923: 840:

Ancient Greek sources also mention a breed of gigantic worms in India.

747: 709: 697: 663: 537: 477: 317: 6396: 4811:

Pseudo Scymnus or Pausanias of Damascus, Circuit of the Earth, 170-171

4264: 2089:

wrote about the gymnosophists, the people and the landscape of India.

1705: 4910:

Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift

4777: 4333: 4129: 3702: 3644: 3602: 3581: 3480: 3471: 3391: 3378: 2959: 2852: 2834: 2821: 2782: 2671: 2644: 2489: 2421: 2403: 2358: 2354: 2335: 2291: 2097: 1989: 1887: 1743:

coins, but it does indicate that Buddhism played a significant role.

1673: 1472: 1453: 1246: 1208: 1168:

is a relief, discovered among the reliefs of the railings around the

1069: 949: 889: 853: 834: 830: 812: 794: 720: 617:

Ganges was personified by the Greeks as a river god. Limnaee was the

540:

wrote that Dionysus was the first to bring two bulls, named Apis and

516: 461: 333: 309: 214: 5245:

Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia

4822: 4820: 4818: 4537:, 1905, p 784, (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland). 4152:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Alphesiboea

3940: 2652: 805:(ἰνδικὸς ὄνος) which were one-horned, thus being animals similar to 7253:

Ancient monkey painting suggests Bronze Age Greeks travelled widely

6515:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), GANGE´TICUS SINUS" 5926: 5566: 5405: 5403: 4866: 4535:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland

3574: 3539:

Pandae, an Indian tribe with the habit of having female sovereigns.

3510: 3486: 3356: 3167: 3093: 3035: 2993: 2951: 2947: 2915:

who was a captain of Great Alexander's navy wrote about Sri Lanka.

2905: 2840: 2774: 2685: 2667: 2631: 2605: 2594: 2513: 2509: 2495: 2316: 2305: 2273: 2261: 2238: 2202: 1975: 1931: 1927: 1913: 1829: 1807: 1686:

was one of the patrons of Buddhism; he was also the subject of the

1677: 1661: 1512: 1496: 1480: 1423: 1318: 1282: 1191: 1155: 1116:, an Indian sculpture of a Yakshii was found in the ruins of Roman 945: 912: 877: 857: 705: 628: 605: 583: 563: 545: 486: 445: 380: 365: 294: 7297:

Tombs rich in artifacts discovered by Swedish expedition in Cyprus

6890:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Jovis promontorium

6297:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Daimachus

2718:. Vessels from Myos Hormos traded with Africa, Arabia, and India. 1137:

The Indian theater had adopted some elements of the Greek comedy.

7175: 6944: 6068: 5452: 4815: 4799: 3689: 3580:

Xathri (Ξάθροι), a tribe Indians dwelling along the banks of the

3564: 3543: 3346:

Dyrta (τὰ Δύρτα) was a small town in the country of the Assacani

3192: 3139: 3089: 3031: 3021: 2983: 2770: 2759: 2711: 2555: 2544: 2429: 2249: 2242: 2178:, the Persian army had Indian troops, both infantry and cavalry. 2106: 2012: 1970: 1853: 1803: 1461: 1433: 1276: 1256: 1169: 1149: 1117: 1038: 989: 806: 798: 780: 667: 636: 593: 575: 524: 520: 290: 271: 5400: 3950:

The Influence of Greek Classics on Indian Culture in Ancient Era

3542:

Parapiotae (Παραπιῶται), an Indian tribe along the banks of the

2383:

According to Indian sources, Greek troops seem to have assisted

1556: 1548:, the last chapter of Garga Samhita, also mentioned the Greeks. 460:). Indians who inhabited the district between the Indus and the 6201:

THE MUZIRIS PAPYRUS AND THE CYCLES OF SOUTH INDIAN PEPPER TRADE

5636:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Achmet

5571:

Local Knowledge and Microidentities in the Imperial Greek World

5512:

Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, The Fifty-third Discourse: On Homer

4533:

See: Notes on Indian coins and Seals, Part IV, E. J. Rapson in

3753: 3726: 3706: 3641:

thought the dark color of some Indians was because of the sun.

3606: 3570: 3533: 3516: 3340: 3268: 3258: 3196: 3097: 3004: 2891: 2814:

Ancient Greek and Roman writers also describe the ports of the

2790: 2786: 2752: 2615: 2587: 2469: 2415: 2280: 2230: 2133: 1983: 1935: 1849: 1837: 1811: 1791: 1758: 1734: 1722: 1642: 1592: 1565: 1427: 1393: 1380: 1346: 1200: 1099: 919: 802: 652: 648: 541: 482: 465: 449: 441: 437: 433: 218: 6686:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Damassi Montes

5752:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Porus

5390:

The Greeks in Bactria and India, W.W. Tarn, South Asia Books,

425:, who had left the tribes of the Indians and came to dwell at 7000:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Harmatotrophi

6272:

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications

4367:

Nawotka, Krzysztof; Wojciechowska, Agnieszka (October 2018).

3722: 3710: 3669: 3592: 3455: 3416:

writes that a metropolis of the Taprobana was called Argyra (

3314: 3016:, a 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia, mentioned that when 2868: 2465: 2411: 2407: 2212: 2052: 1457: 1273:), records the beliefs and view of the Persians about India. 1204: 1052: 819:

in India which were smaller than dogs but larger than foxes.

713: 687: 618: 552: 7213: 7099:

Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oritae

6813:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Palaesimundu

6698:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Syrastrene" 6578:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Contacossyla

5451:

Aristocles, Fragment 1.8-9, tr. Chiesara 2001, 11, cited in

4568: 4566: 3729:

and India, particularly in the Indus Valley. Researcher say

3598:

Taluctae, a tribe of India extra Gangem, mentioned by Pliny.

3365:(Παλιμβόθρα) was one of the most important cities in India. 1848:, Magas and Alexander rule, likewise in the south among the 1775:

in Sri Lanka together with 30,000 Greek Buddhist monks from

844:

Contact, records and influence between the two civilizations

285:

term that refers to the ancient Greeks. The inscriptions in

6791:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Palimbothra

6179:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MYOS-HORMOS

6079: 5691:

Philostratus the Elder, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, § 2.12

5042: 5040: 4657: 4074: 3683: 3150:. He also founded other cities in India (for more info see 3116: 3012: 2598: 2033: 1996: 1726: 1650: 1465: 1134:

are painted in such a way which suggest a Greek influence.

498: 464:

and the continental region beyond, which ends at the river

422: 402: 302: 286: 267: 261: 210: 7055:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Parapiotae

6780:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Triglyphon

6664:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Calinipaxa

6653:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Caspatyrus

3368: 3236:

in the district of Maesolia (Μαισωλία or Μασαλία) (modern

2714:

and there was a tedious and difficult navigation down the

1947:

the divine. Whether this is true, no one can say for sure.

1872:, showing the presence of Buddhists in Hellenistic Egypt. 1615:, indicating that Pyrrho's teaching is based on Buddhism. 1127:, some of the caves were built by Greek descended people. 126:

for paragraphs, coherent presentation of information, etc.

7066:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Pargyetae

6628:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), caspeiria

6603:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Maliarpha

6320:

on the immolation of the Sramana in Athens (Paragraph 73)

4563: 4540: 4397:

Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great

3584:. They may have derived their name from the caste of the 3492:

Caspeiraei (Κασπειραῖοι), a tribe of India intra Gangem.

3107:

According to legend the god Dionysus founded the city of

1856:, and as far as Tamraparni. Rock Edict Nb13 (S. Dhammika) 1749:

was a Greek who converted to Buddhism. He was one of the

1331:

that Indians occupy almost all the land toward the East.

837:), there were Cetea (sea monsters) with different forms. 7132:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Taluctae

7121:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tacaraei

7077:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Passalae

7044:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Mandalae

7033:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Cirradae

7011:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Hippasii

6967:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), calingae

6956:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Assacani

6857:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Talacory

6846:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Nagadiba

6769:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Pactyice

6758:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Peperine

6747:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Assacani

6723:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Larica" 6592:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Maesolia

5053:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 210. 5037: 5009:(2). Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 7: 112. 4966:(2). Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 7: 109. 3549:

Pargyetae (Παργυῆται), a tribe who occupied part of the

3352:

Pactyice (Πακτϋική), a district of North-Western India.

2766:

as one of the Indian ports Greek ships were sailing to.

1844:

rules, beyond there where the four kings named Ptolemy,

7143:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tabassi

7022:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Aspasii

6923:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Arvarni

6912:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Malanga

6868:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tarachi

6642:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Rarassa

6113: 6030: 6028: 3104:

and send them to Bactria if they didn't stop fighting.

2670:, dated to the 1st century BC, we know about the Greek 2371:

were founded by the successors of Alexander the Great (

2219:

in their scripts) supported Alexander with his forces.

7110:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Xathri

6879:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Galiba

6223:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tacola

6168:

Greeks in Mathura the city of KRISHNA, Dr. Uday Dokras

5277:

Pyrrhonism: How the Ancient Greeks Reinvented Buddhism

4177:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Pandae

3170:

founded the town of Arbis during his voyage to India.

2769:

Some of the Indian ports Greek merchants visited were

2582:. The site is located about 5 miles from the Buddhist 2543:

until they were forced to retreat following a coup in

2438:

had traveled to India and had several interviews with

992:(destroyed in an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE). 6675:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Gange

5353:"Greco-Buddhism: The Unknown Influence of the Greeks" 5046: 3466:

Greek writers mention many tribes. For example, the:

3138:. He also founded a city and named it after his dog, 3111:

and named it Nysa and the land Nysaea (Νυσαία) after

2286:

Alexander asked Phegeus and Porus what was after the

1109:, India and Indians are mentioned in many occasions. 708:

and Aurora, arrived with a large army of Indians and

489:' expedition to India. He also wrote about Colletes ( 324:. There, the author, while teaching the use of affix 6265:"Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman Maritime Trade Relations" 6025: 5725: 5723: 5479:

Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata, or Miscellanies

4762: 4698:. Humanities Pr. pp. 77–85, 108, 125–131, 198. 4366: 3721:. Grey langurs live in southern Asia in what is now 344:are examples of scripts used by the Yavana people. 7393: 5711: 5709: 5302:Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Philosophers, 9.61 5187:

From Bharata to India: Volume 1: Chrysee the Golden

4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4419: 4417: 4059: 4057: 3635:term yauna became Sanskritised to name all Greeks. 3477:

Arvarni (Ἀρούαρνοι), a tribe of India intra Gangem.

2651:describes two sieges the Greeks made: The siege of 2379:describes the period with Greek presence in India. 1307:wrote about the customs and the animals of India. 582:Megasthenes wrote about the prehistoric arrival of 6086:. Vol. 1. Abhinav Publications. p. 235. 4664:. Vol. 1. Abhinav Publications. p. 255. 3605:, in the neighbourhood of the present province of 3556:Passalae (Πασσάλαι) a tribe in India extra Gangem. 3483:or Assacani (Ἀσσακηνοί) or Astakenoi (Ἀστακηνοί,). 2833:) which was beyond India, talked with the Emperor 1452:), which researchers identify respectively as the 6802:Did Anuradhapura Greeks come east with Alexander? 6064: 6062: 5720: 5347: 5345: 4424:Antigonus, Compilation of Marvellous Accounts, 66 3489:, people of India, live Gangem, close to the sea. 3424:) and that there was also a river called Phasis ( 3119:. When Alexander arrived at the city, he and his 2689:Roman trade in the subcontinent according to the 2400:Seleucus I's army encountered Chandragupta's army 2308:and Arabitians. After he conquered them, he made 2304:And then they conducted the campaign against the 1912:, in his book on the history of plants, wrote an 1664:flourished under the Indo-Greeks, leading to the 1618:Because of the high degree of similarity between 860:coin with Greek lettering "ΒΟΔΔΟ" (i.e. Buddha), 763:attacked Alexander's men at their camp in India. 7451: 5872:Pliny the Elder, "The Natural History", Chap. 21 5706: 5381:, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 2006, 34:479-496 5323: 5136:. New Age International Publisher. p. 184. 4778:Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography, 148 4739: 4718: 4691: 4414: 4054: 1905:traveled to the east to study Indian religions. 6562: 6560: 6471: 6140: 6034: 5761: 5759: 5210: 5160:Intercourse Between India and the Western World 4313:7.2: 14–22; Fragments XXX. B. Solin. 52. 26–30. 3931: 3929: 3686:, the Byzantine encyclopedia, are about India. 3675:India and Indians are mentioned in some of the 3232:Contacossyla (Κοντακόσσυλα) and Allosygna were 3042:, traveled together with two of his relatives, 2908:, described India and the people living there. 2297:After the mutiny of his army, he conducted the 1698:claimed that Menander is also mentioned in the 260:'). The Indians referred to the Greeks as " 6059: 5342: 5156: 4468:Aelian, On The Characteristics Of Animals 6.21 4064:Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, 2.9 3987:Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, 2.2 3690:Modern archaeological evidence from Bronze Age 3249:wrote about a city called Daedala or Daidala ( 1767:was a Greek Buddhist master who, according to 1718:"of king saviour and just/ righteous Strato". 631:was personified by the Greeks as a river god ( 7379: 6989:The Anabasis of Alexander/Book IV/Chapter XXV 6623: 6621: 5183: 4370:The Alexander Romance: History and Literature 4254:Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, 4.21 - GR 3627:was a Sanskrit grammarian, mathematician and 3152:List of cities founded by Alexander the Great 3080:moved the inhabitants of the Greek colony of 3072:List of cities founded by Alexander the Great 2570:), a Greek ambassador of the Indo-Greek king 1533:is based on the astronomical learning of the 1215: 907:. The inscription relates to the rule of the 723:, a monstrous creature which lived in India. 719:Ancient Greek writers have written about the 308:The traditional Indian grammarians, in their 189:, showing Greek and Persian influence, early 6557: 5756: 5453:Monte Ransome Johnson; Brett Shults (2018), 4023: 4021: 4019: 4007: 4005: 3926: 2634:sculptures may represent Greek mercenaries. 2630:said that some of the troops of Mara in the 2211:, "The Life of Alexander.". The Indian King 1890:'s knowledge of India came essentially from 1733:"Great saviour king Strato, follower of the 1587:Similarities between Pyrrhonism and Buddhism 1436:, described many places as far as Barousai ( 756:Letter from Alexander the Great to Aristotle 432:In addition, Philostratus mentioned that at 7332: 6637: 6635: 6120:. Cambridge University Press. p. 250. 5313:Herakles/Vajrapani, the companion of Buddha 4243:Dictys Cretensis, Trojan War Chronicle, 4.4 3522:Maesoli (Μαισώλοι), people of the Maesolia. 3076:Around 510 BC, Persians, under the rule of 2918:The Greek ethnographer and explorer of the 2843:mentioned Greeks and their polities in his 1526:is also influenced to have a Greek source. 1088:was heavily influenced by the Greek style. 848: 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 7386: 7372: 6835:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, § Ph660.2 6618: 6567:Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, § 16.3 6358: 5978: 5951: 5410:The Greco Indian Kingdoms, Dr. Uday Dokras 5326:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set 4572: 4050:Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 2.904-906 2885: 1551: 1519:were introduced into India by the Greeks. 1486: 1479:mention many nations and places as far as 982: 440:and of Zeus, from the men of India to the 209:) referred to the polity situated east of 16:Relations between ancient Greece and India 6503:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, §6.26.1 6365:. Pen & Sword Military. p. 126. 4838:Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis, Goodwin, Ed. 4016: 4002: 2169: 1690:. In addition, Menander mentioned at the 1680:, with varying degrees of hybridization. 1279:wrote that the Indians live in the east. 940:In a Kharoshthi inscription found in the 168:Learn how and when to remove this message 150:Learn how and when to remove this message 7311: 6824:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §A115.1 6632: 6190:Parthian Stations. By Isidore of Charax. 5837: 5241: 5129: 4630: 4546: 4512:theoi.com - Indian Worm (Helmis Indikos) 4323:Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, 4.46 4276:Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9.21.4 4265:Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, 4.21 4039:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 6.23.5 3028:treated him with all honor and respect. 2818:, which were used for the Indian trade. 2751:) described the trade route between the 2684: 2315:According to ancient writers, the Queen 1731:Maharajasa tratarasa Dhramikasa Stratasa 1704: 1555: 1227: 1219: 1190: 1174: 852: 769:has mixed the fictionalized work of the 562: 359: 350: 181: 6945:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, A135.2 6397:Sozomenos, Ecclesiastical History, 2.24 6069:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, D216.8 5564: 5133:Ancient Indian History and Civilization 5000: 4955: 3791:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3573:(Ὠρεῖται), a tribe of the sea-coast of 3369:Taprobana/Taprobane-Palaesimundu-Salice 3321:mention a city called Ganges (Γάγγης). 2710:, since Arsinoe was at the head of the 2535:conquered India. Justin also described 2442:, known as Sandracottus to the Greeks. 2036:, mentioned that the Greek philosopher 1253:, includes important remarks on India. 551:Alphesiboea (Ἀλφεσιβοῖα) was an Indian 405:. More about the city is below in the " 379:wrote about the prehistoric arrival of 7470:Interstate relations in ancient Greece 7460:Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations 7452: 7409:Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations 6472:Woodthorpe Tarn, William (June 2010). 6408:Sozomenos, Ecclesiastical History - GR 6080:Pande, L.V.; Varadpande, M.L. (1987). 6035:Woodthorpe Tarn, William (June 2010). 5608: 5371: 5211:Woodthorpe Tarn, William (June 2010). 5091: 4658:Pande, L.V.; Varadpande, M.L. (1987). 4130:Greek Anthology Book 16 Planudean, 183 3850: 3020:returned from India, he spent time in 2195:Indian campaign of Alexander the Great 1716:ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ 1645:'s teacher, met and spoke with Indian 1626:, particularly the surviving works of 1371:Indian campaign of Alexander the Great 1232:Ptolemy's 10th map of Asia, depicting 696:, author of a pseudo-chronicle of the 513:wrote about Dionysus and the Indians. 406: 7505:Buddhism in the ancient Mediterranean 7367: 6144:Ancient Indian and Indo-Greek Theatre 5889: 5809: 5461:, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 16 5328:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 44. 4722:Ancient Indian And Indo-Greek Theatre 4695:Ancient Indian And Indo-Greek Theatre 4393: 3173:The ancient Greeks called the modern 1603:, Pyrrho developed his philosophy of 1599:on his Indian campaign, According to 1172:Stupa, representing a Greek warrior. 969: 933:minted coins with the Greek title of 332:as one of the examples. In addition, 6234:Procopius, History of the Wars, 8.17 5979:McLaughlin, Raoul (September 2014). 5816:. Educreation Publishin. p. 81. 5003:Journal for the History of Astronomy 4959:Journal for the History of Astronomy 4631:Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003). 4457:Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 3.4-3.5 3065: 2996:traveled to India with their ships. 2894:, in about 515 BC, was sent by King 2729:period there were trade relations. ( 2071:was said to have traveled to India. 2003:, the nearer Indians were baptized. 1992:was said to have traveled to India. 1095:is a blend of Indian and Greek art. 726:Greek writers wrote that there were 106: 59: 18: 7495:Indo-Greek religions and philosophy 6245:Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists, 2.53 6007:"(Life of Apollonius Tyana, II 31)" 5952:McLaughlin, Raoul (November 2016). 5890:Sagar, Krishna Chandra (May 1993). 4877: 3385:, wrote that “the Greeks whom King 2520:had a "great love for the Greeks". 2452:as having sent an ambassador named 2205:wrote about the battle in his work 1816:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 1800:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 1670:Hellenistic influence on Indian art 1343:described how Indians looked like. 1321:’ reports, gained much popularity. 13: 7465:Foreign relations of ancient India 7339:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 7165:Aelian, Characteristics of Animals 6212:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 54 5893:Foreign Influence on Ancient India 5799:Hyperides, In Defence of Lycophron 5163:. Franklin Classics. p. 173. 5092:Tandle, Sanjeevkumar (July 2014). 4501:Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 16.18 4394:Moore, Kenneth Royce (June 2018). 4345:Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 5.3 4028:Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 5.2 4012:Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 5.1 2272:Indian satrapies. The Indian king 1507:, one of the earliest writings of 651:, who was the daughter of the god 14: 7516: 5844:Chandragupta Maurya and his times 5730:Diodorus Siculus, Library 18.39.1 5242:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2015). 5098:. Ashok Yakkaldevi. p. 138. 4827:GREEK IMAGE OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY 4479:Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 6.21 4435:Aristotle, History of Animals 2.1 4356:Malalas, Chronography, §8.194-195 4334:Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, §9.4 4141:Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride, 29 4086:Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 14.303-14.317 3867:Historic GDP of India (1-1947 CE) 3803: 3188:), meaning "Gulf of the Ganges". 2755:and India in the 1st century BC. 2176:Second Persian invasion of Greece 1882: 1868:decorated with depictions of the 1291:mentioned India and the Indians. 903:to write a language described as 34:This article has multiple issues. 7290: 7279: 7268: 7257: 7246: 7207: 7196: 7169: 7158: 7154:Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, 9.390 7147: 7136: 7125: 7114: 7103: 7092: 7081: 7070: 7059: 7048: 7037: 7026: 7015: 7004: 6993: 6982: 6971: 6960: 6949: 6938: 6927: 6916: 6905: 6894: 6883: 6872: 6861: 6850: 6839: 6828: 6817: 6806: 6795: 6784: 6773: 6762: 6751: 6740: 6715: 6690: 6679: 6668: 6657: 6646: 6607: 6596: 6571: 6532: 6507: 6496: 6465: 6454: 6443: 6432: 6423: 6412: 6401: 6390: 6379: 6352: 6341: 6325: 6312: 6301: 6290: 6238: 6227: 6216: 6205: 6194: 6183: 6172: 6161: 6134: 6114:William Woodthorpe Tarn (2010). 6107: 6073: 5999: 5972: 5945: 5936: 5919: 5910: 5896:. South Asia Books. p. 71. 5883: 5865: 5831: 5820: 5810:Kumar, Praveen (November 2017). 5803: 5792: 5781: 5770: 5745: 5734: 5716:Diodorus Siculus, Library 18.3.1 5695: 5684: 5673: 5662: 5651: 5640: 5629: 5602: 5587: 5558: 5547: 5536: 5516: 5505: 2418:and received 500 war elephants. 2338:accompanied Alexander to India. 2152:there. He eventually settled in 1930:) said an Indian conversed with 1375:Histories of Alexander the Great 372:, Southern India, 3rd century CE 111: 64: 23: 7480:Ancient international relations 7394:Ancient international relations 7305: 6475:The Greeks in Bactria and India 6439:Herodotus, The Histories, 6.9.4 6117:The Greeks in Bactria and India 6038:The Greeks in Bactria and India 5702:Plutarch, Life of Alexander, §8 5494: 5483: 5472: 5445: 5434: 5423: 5414: 5384: 5317: 5306: 5295: 5282: 5269: 5235: 5214:The Greeks in Bactria and India 5204: 5177: 5150: 5123: 5112: 5085: 5076: 5067: 4994: 4949: 4938: 4927: 4901: 4871: 4860: 4851: 4848:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica 4842: 4831: 4804: 4793: 4782: 4771: 4712: 4685: 4651: 4624: 4602: 4593: 4573:McLaughlin, Raoul (July 2010). 4552: 4527: 4516: 4505: 4494: 4483: 4472: 4461: 4450: 4446:Herodotus, The Histories, 3.102 4439: 4428: 4387: 4360: 4349: 4338: 4327: 4316: 4293: 4280: 4269: 4258: 4247: 4236: 4225: 4214: 4203: 4192: 4181: 4156: 4145: 4134: 4123: 4112: 4101: 4090: 4079: 4068: 3394:, some Greek authors also used 1999:write that during the reign of 1784:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka 1702:, but other scholars disagree. 1483:, including India and Indians. 421:wrote about the Nysean, son of 270:or Yonaka, in reference to the 42:or discuss these issues on the 6147:. Humanities Pr. p. 107. 5680:Herodotus Book 9: Calliope, 31 5658:Herodotus Book 7: Polymnia, 86 5647:Herodotus Book 7: Polymnia, 65 5573:. Cambridge University Press. 5441:The Book of Eusebius #4, p.343 5047:Rama Shankar Tripathi (2014). 4725:. Humanities Pr. p. 117. 4559:Sophocles, Antigone, 1039-1040 4210:Greek Anthology, Book 5, 5.132 4108:Polyaenus, Strategems, § 1.1.3 4043: 4032: 3991: 3980: 3705:depicted monkeys. Most of the 3319:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 2805:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 2764:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 2628:Alfred Charles Auguste Foucher 2256:keep their kingdoms and added 1714:Bust of Strato. Greek legend: 1402:First Book of Indian Relations 1349:wrote about India in his work 730:(dog-headed) tribes in India. 1: 7404:Ancient China–India relations 5766:Diodorus Siculus, Library, 93 5669:Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 113 5615:. BalboaPressAU. p. 54. 4857:Ammianus Marcellinus, History 4097:Apollodorus, Library, 3.5.1-2 3919: 3038:(Μερόπιός), a philosopher of 2655:and the siege of Madhyamika. 2516:, mentioned that the king of 1637:Diogenes Laërtius wrote that 1580: 1162:(Greek maidens) in his work. 1031: 801:wrote that there were Indian 6386:Suda Encyclopedia, theta 197 5609:Mishra, Mohan (March 2012). 5290:The Shape of Ancient Thought 5130:Nath Sen, Sailendra (1999). 4232:Apollodorus, Library, 1.9.28 4163:Polyaenus, Strategems, 1.3.4 3998:St. Jerome, Chronicon, B1329 3857:Buddhism and the Roman world 3830:Buddhism and the Roman world 3797:The Shape of Ancient Thought 2966:Patrocles and Eratosthenes. 2898:to follow the course of the 2294:, before his army mutinied. 2100:owned an Indian slave named 2047:mentioned India in his work 1951: 1919:The Peripatetic philosopher 1908:The Peripatetic philosopher 1676:is clearly that of the hero 1564:'s empire and the route he, 1444:) and Yabadiou or Sabadiou ( 1383:described India in his work 1082:mentions the gold of India. 670:was in love with the Indian 7: 7419:Indus–Mesopotamia relations 6348:Plutarch, Life of Alexander 5958:. Pen & Sword History. 5569:. In Whitmarsh, Tim (ed.). 5430:Theophrastus, On Stones, 36 4221:Philodemus, epigrams, 5.132 3872:Indus–Mesopotamia relations 3759: 3697:paintings in a building at 3536:(Παδαῖοι), an Indian tribe. 2942:), he wrote the history of 2902:and discover where it led. 2226:Life of Apollonius of Tyana 2189:used Indian troops against 2109:wrote about the Brahmanas ( 2062: 2030:Βίος Απολλωνίου του Τυανέως 2021:Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1656: 1495:texts were translated into 1236:, 15th century reproduction 558: 555:who was loved by Dionysus. 544:, from India to Egypt. But 355: 237:The Greeks referred to the 77:to comply with Knowledge's 10: 7521: 7232:10.1007/s10329-019-00778-1 6901:Brill dictionary, Abastani 6480:Cambridge University Press 6359:McLaughlin, Raoul (2014). 6043:Cambridge University Press 5985:. Pen and Sword Military. 5253:Princeton University Press 5219:Cambridge University Press 5190:. iUniverse. p. 483. 5023:10.1177/002182867600700202 4980:10.1177/002182867600700202 4887:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1273. 4199:Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 26.351 4075:Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 36.196 3907: 3815:Greco-Buddhist monasticism 3429: 3421: 3254: 3185: 3142:. In addition, he ordered 3069: 2830: 2748: 2731:Indo-Roman trade relations 2006: 1955: 1860:Buddhist gravestones from 1788:Ashoka's Major Rock Edicts 1777:Alexandria of the Caucasus 1584: 1449: 1441: 1305:Aristobulus of Cassandreia 1224:Ptolemy's map of the world 1216:Historians and geographers 1148:in India was similar to a 601: 548:found this theory absurd. 530:A hymn to Dionysus in the 494: 452:said that Dionysus was an 225:) or much less extensive ( 187:Pataliputra Palace capital 7485:Greece–Pakistan relations 7399: 7318:. BRILL. pp. 1–250. 7088:Brill dictionary, Zamirae 6083:History of Indian Theatre 5565:Gleason, Maud W. (2010). 5324:Christoph Baumer (2018). 4800:Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 4719:M. L. Varadpande (1981). 4692:M. L. Varadpande (1981). 4661:History of Indian Theatre 4373:. Barkhuis. p. 226. 4188:Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 47 3862:Economic history of India 3461: 3458:, if it be not the same. 3437: 3335:was called by the Greeks 3280: 2939: 2662:inscription found in the 2597:received envoys from the 2567: 2347:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 2114: 2029: 1958:Buddhism and Christianity 1824:is also mentioned in the 1802:was written in Greek and 1761:to proselytize Buddhism. 1396:wrote books about India. 1360: 1270: 1058: 1044: 1027: 1005: 997: 981: 977:Pompeii Yakshii (Lakshmi) 976: 643:, and the brother of the 612: 246: 206: 7424:Roman–Armenian relations 7312:Gazerani, Saghi (2015). 6141:M.L. Varadpande (1981). 5612:India Through Alien Eyes 5050:History of Ancient India 4634:A Brief History of India 4490:Aelian, On Animals 16.18 3902:Meluhha trade with Sumer 3786:Greek campaigns in India 3709:have been identified as 3682:A lot of entries in the 3662:Unani System of Medicine 3613: 3383:University of Peradeniya 3283:), meaning five rivers. 3144:Philip (son of Machatas) 2692:Periplus Maris Erythraei 2680: 2527:and the Roman historian 2373:Greek conquests in India 2312:the Satrap in the area. 1923:(cited by the Christian 1875:Buddhist manuscripts in 1806:. Ashoka used the word " 1613:three marks of existence 1203:(left) and sculpture of 1185:National Museum of Korea 958:Greeks are mentioned in 849:Coinage and inscriptions 232: 90:may contain suggestions. 75:may need to be rewritten 7429:Roman–Iranian relations 7336:Studies in Indian Coins 6461:Plutarch, Alexander, 61 5929:wrote that the king of 5157:H G. Rawlinson (2001). 5082:McEvilley, (2001), p385 3914:Romani people in Greece 3897:Indian maritime history 3148:Alexandria on the Indus 2930:at India. In his work, 2886:Travelers and explorers 2861:Euthydemus the Athenian 2700:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 2504:Antiochus III the Great 2446:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 2369:Greco-Bactrian Kingdoms 2264:. In addition, he gave 2215:(the Greeks called him 2040:had traveled to India. 1832:proselytism of Ashoka: 1822:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 1609:Christopher I. Beckwith 1552:Philosophy and religion 1487:Astronomy and astrology 1234:India within the Ganges 960:Yavanarajya inscription 753:According to the Latin 217:(with the exception of 193:period, 3rd century BC. 7475:Greece–India relations 7434:Roman–Nubian relations 6934:Arrian, Anabasis, 4.23 6308:Strabo, Geography, 2.1 5788:Arrian, Anabasis, 6.22 5459:Comparative Philosophy 5184:M. K. Agarwal (2012). 4637:. Simon and Schuster. 4400:. BRILL. p. 464. 4119:Greek Anthology, 9.524 3845:Third Buddhist council 3776:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 3414:Stephanus of Byzantium 3324:The Greeks called the 3267:The Greeks called the 3247:Stephanus of Byzantium 3205:Demetrius I of Bactria 3136:Alexandria Bucephalous 3130:founded the cities of 2926:was the ambassador of 2696: 2612:Stephanus of Byzantium 2468:, probably to Emperor 2221:Philostratus the Elder 2170:Political and military 1973:, Buddha, etc. in the 1949: 1858: 1836:Now it is conquest by 1828:as a recipient of the 1794:, were written in the 1790:by the Indian Emperor 1739: 1725:throwing thunderbolt. 1672:). The iconography of 1577: 1408:Stephanus of Byzantium 1237: 1225: 1212: 1188: 865: 604:) was the daughter of 579: 373: 194: 6727:www.perseus.tufts.edu 6702:www.perseus.tufts.edu 6544:www.perseus.tufts.edu 6519:www.perseus.tufts.edu 5839:Mookerji, Radha Kumud 5597:Lives of the Sophists 5073:Sarma, (2000), p. 158 3158:Quintus Curtius Rufus 3070:Further information: 3059:Cosmas Indicopleustes 3018:Theophilos the Indian 2956:Megasthenes' Herakles 2876:Cosmas Indicopleustes 2741:The Parthian Stations 2688: 2647:, the commentator of 2164:Achmet, son of Seirim 2001:Constantine the Great 1963:Clement of Alexandria 1940: 1921:Aristocles of Messene 1834: 1708: 1559: 1477:Theophylact Simocatta 1367:Quintus Curtius Rufus 1231: 1223: 1194: 1178: 1049:Secret Museum, Naples 856: 791:Antigonus of Carystus 588:Megasthenes' Herakles 566: 363: 351:Mythology and legends 185: 7439:Sino-Roman relations 7414:Indo-Roman relations 7333:D.C. Sircar (2008). 7178:Acta Med Hist Adriat 4867:JORDANES, GETICA, §I 4789:Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3892:Sino-Roman relations 3882:Indo-Roman relations 3835:Indo-Greek religions 3375:Anuradhapura Kingdom 3055:Christian Topography 3050:(Ἐδέσιος) to India. 2980:Nicholas of Damascus 2574:to the court of the 2531:, affirmed that the 2523:The Greek historian 2428:to send him a Greek 2193:. Later, during the 1450:Ιαβαδίου or Σαβαδίου 1414:Ammianus Marcellinus 1341:Dionysius Periegetes 1329:Circuit of the Earth 1241:Hecataeus of Miletus 633:Hydaspes (mythology) 485:talks about the god 448:and along the river 5916:Polybius, Histories 5849:Motilal Banarsidass 5015:1976JHA.....7..109P 4972:1976JHA.....7..109P 4934:Modern Times, p.237 3851:Trade and relations 3748:The area of modern 3530:Mandalae (Μανδάλαι) 3333:Saurashtra (region) 3128:Alexander the Great 2890:The Greek explorer 2867:calls a species of 2440:Chandragupta Maurya 2385:Chandragupta Maurya 2365:Indo-Greek kingdoms 2191:Alexander the Great 2183:Battle of Gaugamela 1965:wrote about India, 1864:have been found in 1798:. In addition, the 1597:Alexander the Great 1562:Alexander the Great 1430:wrote about India. 1420:wrote about India. 897:Rabatak inscription 771:Pseudo-Callisthenes 395:Alexander the Great 256:'people of the 223:Indian subcontinent 7490:Indian Ocean trade 5877:2013-07-28 at the 5490:Suda, epsilon, 789 5379:Dharma in Hinduism 5288:Thomas McEvilley, 5275:Adrian Kuzminski, 4310:Historia Naturalis 3887:Indian Ocean trade 3877:Indo-Mediterranean 3840:Buddhas of Bamiyan 3825:Gandharan Buddhism 3820:Greco-Buddhist art 3771:Indo-Greek Kingdom 3743:Indo-Mediterranean 3677:Martial's Epigrams 3563:roughly in modern 3561:India extra Gangem 3303:Seleucus I Nicator 3046:(Φρουμέντιός) and 2990:Eudoxus of Cyzicus 2920:Hellenistic period 2896:Darius I of Persia 2697: 2593:The Roman Emperor 2260:to the kingdom of 1786:, which are among 1740: 1710:Coin of Strato I. 1622:'s philosophy and 1578: 1295:Chares of Mytilene 1238: 1226: 1213: 1189: 1144:(Greek Ganika). A 1130:The murals in the 970:Art and literature 882:Western Kshatrapas 866: 759:a creature called 580: 472:was his disciple. 413:Apollonius Rhodius 374: 293:equivalent of the 195: 130:You can assist by 7447: 7446: 5554:Sibylline Oracles 4549:, pp. 24–25. 3766:India (Herodotus) 3750:Hala Sultan Tekke 3701:on the island of 3655:Claudius Aelianus 3326:Eastern Himalayas 3227:Claudius Aelianus 3186:Κόλπος Γαγγητικός 3121:Companion cavalry 3102:revolting Ionians 3066:Cities and places 2737:Isidore of Charax 2552:Heliodorus pillar 2426:Antiochus I Soter 2391:and founding the 2343:Battle of Gabiene 2150:Indian philosophy 2132:may have been of 2078:mentioned India. 2076:Sibylline Oracles 1903:Clearchus of Soli 1765:Mahadharmaraksita 1738: 1601:Diogenes Laërtius 1524:Paulisa Siddhanta 1066: 1065: 964:Rukhuna reliquary 817:Gold-digging ants 776:Alexander Romance 407:Cities and places 255: 213:and south of the 178: 177: 170: 160: 159: 152: 105: 104: 79:quality standards 57: 7512: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7365: 7364: 7350: 7329: 7299: 7294: 7288: 7283: 7277: 7272: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7211: 7205: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7173: 7167: 7162: 7156: 7151: 7145: 7140: 7134: 7129: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7107: 7101: 7096: 7090: 7085: 7079: 7074: 7068: 7063: 7057: 7052: 7046: 7041: 7035: 7030: 7024: 7019: 7013: 7008: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6986: 6980: 6975: 6969: 6964: 6958: 6953: 6947: 6942: 6936: 6931: 6925: 6920: 6914: 6909: 6903: 6898: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6876: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6854: 6848: 6843: 6837: 6832: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6788: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6766: 6760: 6755: 6749: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6694: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6672: 6666: 6661: 6655: 6650: 6644: 6639: 6630: 6625: 6616: 6611: 6605: 6600: 6594: 6589: 6580: 6575: 6569: 6564: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6511: 6505: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6469: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6447: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6405: 6399: 6394: 6388: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6356: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6329: 6323: 6316: 6310: 6305: 6299: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6269: 6260: 6247: 6242: 6236: 6231: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6209: 6203: 6198: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6176: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6077: 6071: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6032: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6009:. Archived from 6003: 5997: 5996: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5949: 5943: 5940: 5934: 5923: 5917: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5887: 5881: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5847:(4th ed.). 5835: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5807: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5785: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5763: 5754: 5749: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5727: 5718: 5713: 5704: 5699: 5693: 5688: 5682: 5677: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5655: 5649: 5644: 5638: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5606: 5600: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5562: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543:Suda, delta, 447 5540: 5534: 5520: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5498: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5449: 5443: 5438: 5432: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5412: 5407: 5398: 5388: 5382: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5359:on 6 August 2019 5355:. Archived from 5349: 5340: 5339: 5321: 5315: 5310: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5286: 5280: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5250: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5127: 5121: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5044: 5035: 5034: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4953: 4947: 4942: 4936: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4875: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4824: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4767:Strabo and India 4764: 4737: 4736: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4570: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4531: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4509: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4487: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4465: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4421: 4412: 4411: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4331: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4297: 4291: 4284: 4278: 4273: 4267: 4262: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4207: 4201: 4196: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4174: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4127: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4094: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4072: 4066: 4061: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4025: 4014: 4009: 4000: 3995: 3989: 3984: 3978: 3973: 3952: 3947: 3938: 3933: 3442:Jaffna Peninsula 3439: 3431: 3423: 3282: 3256: 3203:were founded by 3187: 3178:Gangeticus Sinus 3078:Darius the Great 3024:and the Emperor 2941: 2880:Jaffna Peninsula 2832: 2750: 2749:Σταθμοί Παρθικοί 2716:Heroopolite Gulf 2569: 2387:in toppling the 2299:Mallian campaign 2136:Indian descent. 2116: 2094:Academic Skeptic 2067:The philosopher 2059:(circa 100 CE). 2031: 1826:Edicts of Ashoka 1709: 1632:Thomas McEvilley 1628:Sextus Empiricus 1591:The philosopher 1535:Byzantine Empire 1531:Romaka Siddhanta 1511:, from Greek to 1509:Indian astrology 1451: 1443: 1369:wrote about the 1362: 1272: 1197:Plato of Bactria 1045:Present location 1036: 1035: 1930–1938 1033: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1014: 986: 974: 973: 864:, 2nd century CE 750:had been bound. 694:Dictys Cretensis 603: 568:Mathura Herakles 496: 289:texts trace the 250: 248: 208: 173: 166: 155: 148: 144: 141: 135: 115: 114: 107: 100: 97: 91: 68: 60: 49: 27: 26: 19: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7395: 7392: 7347: 7326: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7295: 7291: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7258: 7251: 7247: 7212: 7208: 7201: 7197: 7174: 7170: 7163: 7159: 7152: 7148: 7141: 7137: 7130: 7126: 7119: 7115: 7108: 7104: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7071: 7064: 7060: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7027: 7020: 7016: 7009: 7005: 6998: 6994: 6987: 6983: 6976: 6972: 6965: 6961: 6954: 6950: 6943: 6939: 6932: 6928: 6921: 6917: 6910: 6906: 6899: 6895: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6862: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6818: 6811: 6807: 6800: 6796: 6789: 6785: 6778: 6774: 6767: 6763: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6490: 6482:. p. 244. 6470: 6466: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6429:Strabo, 11.11.4 6428: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6380: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6342: 6330: 6326: 6318:Strabo, xv, 1, 6317: 6313: 6306: 6302: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6267: 6261: 6250: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6206: 6199: 6195: 6188: 6184: 6177: 6173: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6112: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6060: 6053: 6045:. p. 250. 6033: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6013:on 3 March 2016 6005: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5888: 5884: 5879:Wayback Machine 5870: 5866: 5859: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5782: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5696: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5630: 5623: 5607: 5603: 5592: 5588: 5581: 5563: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5537: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5506: 5499: 5495: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5473: 5464: 5462: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5401: 5389: 5385: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5351: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5287: 5283: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5221:. p. 452. 5209: 5205: 5198: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5045: 5038: 4999: 4995: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4816: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4740: 4733: 4717: 4713: 4706: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4629: 4625: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4599:Greek Anthology 4598: 4594: 4587: 4571: 4564: 4557: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4317: 4305:Pliny the Elder 4298: 4294: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4135: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4017: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3955: 3948: 3941: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3910: 3853: 3806: 3762: 3739:Peter Frankopan 3692: 3649:Deipnosophistae 3616: 3464: 3406:. Cirrhadia , 3371: 3213:was founded by 3164:Pliny the Elder 3074: 3068: 2911:Onecicritus of 2888: 2857:Deipnosophistae 2683: 2533:Bactrian Greeks 2450:Pliny the Elder 2448:is recorded by 2432:for his court. 2382: 2199:Porus the Elder 2172: 2130:Ammonius Saccas 2115:Βραχμάναι Μάγοι 2065: 2051:and wrote that 2009: 1960: 1954: 1885: 1862:Ptolemaic Egypt 1700:Reh Inscription 1659: 1589: 1583: 1554: 1503:translated the 1489: 1398:Pseudo-Plutarch 1299:Deipnosophistae 1218: 1114:Pompeii Yakshii 1107:Greek Anthology 1037: 1034: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1010: 993: 972: 880:, ruler of the 851: 846: 785:Indian campaign 660:Greek Anthology 615: 570:strangling the 561: 532:Greek Anthology 393:in India. When 358: 353: 239:ancient Indians 235: 174: 163: 162: 161: 156: 145: 139: 136: 129: 116: 112: 101: 95: 92: 82: 69: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7518: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346:978-8120829732 7345: 7330: 7324: 7307: 7304: 7301: 7300: 7289: 7278: 7267: 7256: 7245: 7226:(2): 159–168. 7206: 7195: 7168: 7157: 7146: 7135: 7124: 7113: 7102: 7091: 7080: 7069: 7058: 7047: 7036: 7025: 7014: 7003: 6992: 6981: 6970: 6959: 6948: 6937: 6926: 6915: 6904: 6893: 6882: 6871: 6860: 6849: 6838: 6827: 6816: 6805: 6794: 6783: 6772: 6761: 6750: 6739: 6714: 6689: 6678: 6667: 6656: 6645: 6631: 6617: 6606: 6595: 6581: 6570: 6556: 6531: 6506: 6495: 6489:978-1108009416 6488: 6464: 6453: 6442: 6431: 6422: 6411: 6400: 6389: 6378: 6372:978-1526738073 6371: 6351: 6340: 6324: 6311: 6300: 6289: 6248: 6237: 6226: 6215: 6204: 6193: 6182: 6171: 6160: 6154:978-0391024090 6153: 6133: 6127:978-1108009416 6126: 6106: 6092: 6072: 6058: 6052:978-1108009416 6051: 6024: 5998: 5992:978-1526738073 5991: 5971: 5965:978-1473833746 5964: 5944: 5935: 5925:The historian 5918: 5909: 5903:978-8172110284 5902: 5882: 5864: 5857: 5851:. p. 38. 5830: 5819: 5802: 5791: 5780: 5769: 5755: 5744: 5733: 5719: 5705: 5694: 5683: 5672: 5661: 5650: 5639: 5628: 5622:978-1452504513 5621: 5601: 5586: 5579: 5557: 5546: 5535: 5524:Dio Chrysostom 5515: 5504: 5493: 5482: 5471: 5444: 5433: 5422: 5413: 5399: 5383: 5377:Hacker, Paul. 5370: 5341: 5334: 5316: 5305: 5294: 5292:2002 pp499-505 5281: 5268: 5261: 5255:. p. 28. 5234: 5228:978-1108009416 5227: 5203: 5197:978-1475907650 5196: 5176: 5170:978-0343201500 5169: 5149: 5143:978-8122411980 5142: 5122: 5111: 5104: 5095:INDIAN HISTORY 5084: 5075: 5066: 5060:978-8120800182 5059: 5036: 4993: 4948: 4937: 4926: 4919: 4900: 4894:978-1576077702 4893: 4870: 4859: 4850: 4841: 4830: 4814: 4803: 4792: 4781: 4770: 4738: 4732:978-0391024090 4731: 4711: 4705:978-0391024090 4704: 4684: 4670: 4650: 4643: 4623: 4601: 4592: 4586:978-1847252357 4585: 4562: 4551: 4539: 4526: 4515: 4504: 4493: 4482: 4471: 4460: 4449: 4438: 4427: 4413: 4407:978-9004285071 4406: 4386: 4380:978-9492444714 4379: 4359: 4348: 4337: 4326: 4315: 4292: 4279: 4268: 4257: 4246: 4235: 4224: 4213: 4202: 4191: 4180: 4166: 4155: 4144: 4133: 4122: 4111: 4100: 4089: 4078: 4067: 4053: 4042: 4031: 4015: 4001: 3990: 3979: 3953: 3939: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3810:Greco-Buddhism 3805: 3804:Greco-Buddhism 3802: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3781:Indo-Scythians 3778: 3773: 3768: 3761: 3758: 3737:The historian 3715:primatologists 3691: 3688: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3599: 3596: 3589: 3578: 3568: 3557: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3526:Mallian people 3523: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3463: 3460: 3396:Palaisimoundou 3370: 3367: 3067: 3064: 3026:Constantius II 3001:Horn of Africa 2887: 2884: 2758:The so-called 2695:1st century CE 2682: 2679: 2639:Cilappatikaram 2486: 2485: 2393:Mauryan Empire 2288:Hyphasis River 2248:Alexander let 2208:Parallel Lives 2171: 2168: 2064: 2061: 2045:Dio Chrysostom 2018:, in his work 2008: 2005: 1953: 1950: 1884: 1883:Peripateticism 1881: 1796:Greek language 1692:Shinkot casket 1666:Greco-Buddhist 1658: 1655: 1582: 1579: 1553: 1550: 1488: 1485: 1325:Pseudo-Scymnus 1217: 1214: 1166:Bharhut Yavana 1093:Art of Mathura 1064: 1063: 1060: 1059:Identification 1056: 1055: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1009:24.5 cm ( 1007: 1003: 1002: 999: 995: 994: 987: 979: 978: 971: 968: 850: 847: 845: 842: 761:Odontotyrannos 700:, wrote that " 614: 611: 560: 557: 475:The epic poem 370:Nagarjunakonda 357: 354: 352: 349: 234: 231: 199:ancient Greeks 191:Mauryan Empire 176: 175: 158: 157: 119: 117: 110: 103: 102: 72: 70: 63: 58: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7517: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7398: 7389: 7384: 7382: 7377: 7375: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7338: 7337: 7331: 7327: 7325:9789004282964 7321: 7317: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7298: 7293: 7287: 7282: 7276: 7271: 7265: 7260: 7254: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7204: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7139: 7133: 7128: 7122: 7117: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7095: 7089: 7084: 7078: 7073: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7051: 7045: 7040: 7034: 7029: 7023: 7018: 7012: 7007: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6985: 6979: 6974: 6968: 6963: 6957: 6952: 6946: 6941: 6935: 6930: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6897: 6891: 6886: 6880: 6875: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6820: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6787: 6781: 6776: 6770: 6765: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6743: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6682: 6676: 6671: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6649: 6643: 6638: 6636: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6599: 6593: 6588: 6586: 6579: 6574: 6568: 6563: 6561: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6499: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6468: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6450:Suda, nu, 380 6446: 6440: 6435: 6426: 6420: 6415: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6393: 6387: 6382: 6374: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6355: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6333: 6328: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6246: 6241: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6219: 6213: 6208: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6164: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6137: 6129: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6110: 6095: 6093:9788170172215 6089: 6085: 6084: 6076: 6070: 6065: 6063: 6054: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6031: 6029: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5994: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5975: 5967: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5948: 5939: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5913: 5905: 5899: 5895: 5894: 5886: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5868: 5860: 5858:81-208-0433-3 5854: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5823: 5815: 5814: 5806: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5762: 5760: 5753: 5748: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5676: 5670: 5665: 5659: 5654: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5632: 5624: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5605: 5598: 5595: 5590: 5582: 5580:9780521761468 5576: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5539: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5475: 5460: 5456: 5448: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5426: 5417: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5396:81-215-0220-9 5393: 5387: 5380: 5374: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5337: 5335:9781788313513 5331: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5298: 5291: 5285: 5278: 5272: 5264: 5262:9781400866328 5258: 5254: 5247: 5246: 5238: 5230: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5126: 5120: 5115: 5107: 5105:9781312372115 5101: 5097: 5096: 5088: 5079: 5070: 5062: 5056: 5052: 5051: 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Continuum. 4578: 4577: 4569: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4548: 4547:Gazerani 2015 4543: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4519: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4475: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4363: 4357: 4352: 4346: 4341: 4335: 4330: 4324: 4319: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4299:Megasthenes, 4296: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4261: 4255: 4250: 4244: 4239: 4233: 4228: 4222: 4217: 4211: 4206: 4200: 4195: 4189: 4184: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4148: 4142: 4137: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4115: 4109: 4104: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4071: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4051: 4046: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4013: 4008: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3944: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3925: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3685: 3680: 3678: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3620: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3459: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3427: 3426:Ancient Greek 3419: 3418:Ancient Greek 3415: 3411: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3262: 3261:mercenaries. 3260: 3252: 3251:Ancient Greek 3248: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3201:Demetriapolis 3198: 3194: 3191:According to 3189: 3183: 3182:Ancient Greek 3179: 3176: 3175:Bay of Bengal 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3146:to build the 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2976:Zarmanochegas 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2865:on Vegetables 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2828: 2827:Ancient Greek 2823: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2745:Ancient Greek 2742: 2738: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2693: 2687: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2618:mercenaries. 2617: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2389:Nanda Dynasty 2386: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2258:Paropamisadae 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235:gymnosophists 2232: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2119:Narmada River 2112: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2102:Autolekythos. 2099: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1967:Gymnosophists 1964: 1959: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1880: 1878: 1877:cursive Greek 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747:Dharmaraksita 1744: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:Milinda Panha 1685: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1647:gymnosophists 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1576:took to India 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1542:Garga Samhita 1538: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1447: 1446:Ancient Greek 1439: 1438:Ancient Greek 1435: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392:Clitophon of 1390: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1222: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1199:with the god 1198: 1193: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:Yavana Ganika 1138: 1135: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1098:The satirist 1096: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1030: 1026: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 985: 980: 975: 967: 965: 961: 956: 954: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 871: 870:Kushan Empire 863: 862:Kushan Empire 859: 855: 841: 838: 836: 832: 827: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 786: 782: 778: 777: 772: 768: 764: 762: 758: 757: 751: 749: 744: 740: 737: 733: 732:Aulus Gellius 729: 724: 722: 717: 715: 711: 707: 704:, the son of 703: 699: 695: 691: 689: 685: 684: 679: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 624: 620: 610: 607: 599: 598:Ancient Greek 595: 591: 589: 585: 577: 573: 569: 565: 556: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 533: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 512: 511: 506: 502: 500: 492: 491:Ancient Greek 488: 484: 480: 479: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 428: 424: 420: 419: 414: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 382: 378: 371: 367: 362: 348: 345: 343: 342:Yavanallipyam 339: 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R. Sharma 1682: 1660: 1636: 1617: 1595:accompanied 1590: 1539: 1528: 1521: 1517:zodiac signs 1505:Yavanajataka 1493:astronomical 1490: 1470: 1460:in Northern 1432: 1422: 1417: 1416:in his work 1412: 1406: 1401: 1400:mention the 1391: 1384: 1379: 1373:in his work 1365: 1350: 1345: 1339: 1335:Eratosthenes 1333: 1328: 1323: 1309: 1303: 1293: 1286: 1285:in his work 1281: 1275: 1260: 1259:in his work 1255: 1249:in his work 1245: 1239: 1164: 1159: 1158:mention the 1154: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1132:Ajanta Caves 1129: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1104: 1097: 1090: 1086:Gandhara art 1084: 1073: 1067: 957: 939: 928: 922:appeared on 918:The city of 917: 904: 901:Greek script 894: 875: 867: 839: 828: 825: 815:wrote about 811: 789: 774: 767:John Malalas 765: 754: 752: 743:Eratosthenes 741: 736:Attic Nights 735: 725: 718: 692: 681: 676: 657: 627: 616: 592: 590:) in India. 581: 572:Nemaean lion 550: 536: 529: 515: 508: 503: 476: 474: 431: 416: 411: 387:Philostratus 385: 375: 346: 341: 337: 329: 325: 320:, a work of 313: 310:etymological 307: 298: 278: 276: 262: 241:as "Indoi" ( 236: 196: 179: 164: 146: 137: 124:copy editing 122:may require 121: 93: 84:You can help 74: 50: 43: 37: 36:Please help 33: 7500:Indo-Greeks 6332:Dio Cassius 6099:13 December 5931:Pataliputra 4677:13 December 4290:§§ 37, 40–3 3731:Mesopotamia 3719:grey langur 3666:Hippocrates 3633:Old Persian 3519:(Κιρρᾶδαι). 3504:(Γουραίοι). 3363:Palimbothra 3238:Masulipatam 3211:Eucratideia 3166:wrote that 3034:wrote that 2924:Megasthenes 2900:Indus River 2859:wrote that 2721:During the 2704:Myos Hormos 2580:Bhagabhadra 2572:Antialcidas 2547:in 170 BC. 2541:Pataliputra 2537:Demetrius I 2525:Apollodorus 2518:Pataliputra 2478:Megasthenes 2462:Pataliputra 2436:Megasthenes 2328:pankratiast 2174:During the 2126:Neoplatonic 2087:Onesicritus 1944:Aristoxenus 1899:Peripatetic 1574:Onesicritus 1546:Yuga Purana 1501:Yavaneśvara 1386:Geographica 1315:Onesicritus 1311:Cleitarchus 1125:Nasik Caves 931:Gondophares 728:Cynocephaly 686:wrote that 683:Bibliotheca 678:Apollodorus 666:wrote that 510:Bibliotheca 505:Apollodorus 418:Argonautica 409:" section. 377:Megasthenes 258:Indus River 227:Indus Plain 201:, “India" ( 7454:Categories 5528:Discourses 4920:9792624996 4616:. unesco. 4614:unesco.org 3920:References 3695:Bronze Age 3639:Theodectes 3586:Kshatriyas 3551:Hindu Kush 3496:Gangaridae 3337:Syrastrene 3311:Palibothra 3299:Calinipaxa 3293:Caspatyrus 3044:Frumentius 2928:Seleucus I 2913:Astypaleia 2779:Barbarikon 2660:kharoshthi 2560:Heliodorus 2512:, quoting 2377:Yavana era 2341:After the 2154:Alexandria 2146:Scythianus 2121:and more. 2069:Democritus 2057:Alexandria 2049:Discourses 2038:Apollonius 2032:) and the 2011:The Greek 1987:theologian 1956:See also: 1925:polemicist 1866:Alexandria 1684:Menander I 1639:Anaxarchus 1624:Pyrrhonism 1605:Pyrrhonism 1585:See also: 1581:Pyrrhonism 1570:Anaxarchus 1475:historian 1456:places of 1454:Indonesian 1288:Cyropaedia 1028:Discovered 935:autokrator 924:Indo-Greek 890:Kharoshthi 748:Prometheus 710:Ethiopians 698:Trojan War 664:Philodemus 538:Phylarchus 478:Dionysiaca 383:in India. 364:Relief of 318:Astadhyayi 229:) place. 132:editing it 39:improve it 6732:6 October 6707:6 October 6549:6 October 6524:6 October 5841:(1988) . 4286:Ctesias, 3703:Santorini 3645:Athenaeus 3625:Kātyāyana 3603:Hindustan 3582:Hydraotes 3481:Assakenoi 3472:Ambashtha 3404:Sieladiba 3392:Taprobana 3379:Sri Lanka 3287:Caspeiria 3113:his nurse 3092:. 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