31:
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1177:
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959:. The six commanderies were Hanhai (翰海府), Jinwei (金微府), Yanran (燕然府), Youling (幽陵府), Guilin (龜林府), and Lushan (盧山府). The seven prefectures were Gaolan (皐蘭州), Gaoque (高闕州), Jilu (雞鹿州), Jitian (雞田州), Yuxi (榆溪州), Dailin (蹛林州), and Douyan (竇顏州). Collectively these were known as the "Cantian Khan Circuit." On 10 April the Yanran Protectorate was created at the foothills of the Shanyu Plateau, southwest of present-day
1085:
of An Lushan's name, the Anbei
Protectorate was renamed the Zhenbei Protectorate in 757, which meant "Protectorate General to Suppress the North." In 758, it was relocated to Western Shouxiang city. The Chanyu Protectorate came under control of the
1814:
1219:
1690:
History of civilizations of
Central Asia Volume IV The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part One The historical, social and economic setting
955:
and on 9 January 647, thirteen Tiele and Uyghur tribes surrendered to the Tang. Tang
Taizong organized them into six commanderies and seven tributary prefectures under the
4133:
2255:
2475:
4113:
2250:
980:
In 663, the
Yunzhong Protectorate was created from Hanhai. The Yunzhong Protectorate was renamed to Chanyu Protectorate in 664 and located northwest of
3939:
1087:
1731:
The
Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages
2820:
999:
4123:
2331:
1806:
An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East
995:
4108:
2558:
2288:
1071:
871:
943:. This was later shifted to Hanhai a short period before it was changed to Anbei. The seat of governance remained there until the year 687.
34:
Map of the Tang Empire and its protectorates circa 660 CE, including the "Anbei
Protectorate" or "Protectorate General to Pacify the North".
2487:
1454:
932:
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991:
In August 669 the Hanhai
Protectorate was renamed the Protectorate General to Pacify the North, otherwise known as the Anbei Duhufu.
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1969:
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In 714 the Chanyu
Protectorate was revived in Yunzhong while Anbei was re-located to the Middle Shouxiang city, near modern
3638:
2621:
2606:
2521:
2465:
2095:
2086:
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2445:
1980:
Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol
Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800 (Oxford Studies in Early Empires)
963:, and governorship of the 13 tribes was handed over to the protector general, Li Suli (李素立), who served from 647 to 649.
2626:
2060:
17:
2281:
2159:
2141:
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Tangdai Anbei Duhufu Qianxi Kaolun (A Study on the Change of Seats of the Anbei Protectorate During the Tang Dynasty)
2024:
2005:
1951:
1922:
1795:
1774:
864:
2616:
2511:
2423:
2371:
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2042:
2035:
Sui-Tang Chang'an: A Study in the Urban History of Late Medieval China (Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies)
1824:
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from 755-763, the Chanyu and Anbei protectorates lost any real authority and survived in name only. Due to the
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217:
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69:
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30:
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Youguan Tang Anbei Duhufu De Jige Wenti (On the Several Questions of the Tang Dynasty's Anbei Protectorate)
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In 749 the seat was moved to the military settlement of Hengsai, near modern-day Urad Middle Banner.
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2000:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center distributed by Harvard University Press.
1429:
1078:
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511:
420:
382:
1671:
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
3569:
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2001:
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1715:
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928:
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913:
1042:
In 698 the seat was moved to the old town of Yunzhong to the northwest of Horinger.
3977:
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2738:
2708:
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2732:
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917:
736:
541:
1835:
The Eurasian Way of War Military Practice in Seventh-Century China and Byzantium
3779:
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2129:
1666:
1045:
In 708 the seat of Anbei was moved to the Western Shouxiang city near modern
716:
696:
686:
596:
576:
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99:
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2470:
1244:
1200:
1028:
974:
956:
909:
905:
893:
390:
2017:
Bóyángbǎn Tōngjiàn jìshìběnmò 28 dìèrcìhuànguánshídài 柏楊版通鑑記事本末28第二次宦官時代
1013:
besieged the Chanyu Protectorate and killed the adjutant Zhang Xingshi.
4082:
3984:
3883:
3647:
3564:
3531:
3292:
3274:
3172:
3021:
2925:
2775:
1749:
Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History
1100:
In 843 the Chanyu Protectorate was renamed back to Anbei Protectorate.
973:
On 5 February 663 the Yanran Protectorate (on the northern bank of the
2266:
3178:
3142:
3111:
3057:
952:
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901:
621:
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3250:
3196:
3148:
3081:
3045:
3039:
3009:
2526:
1063:
1062:
Due to unfavorable farming conditions near the Hengsai settlement,
981:
1784:
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006),
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3238:
3190:
3166:
2985:
2849:
2813:
2497:
1094:
1036:
967:
566:
3352:
1016:
In 686, the status of the Chanyu Protectorate was downgraded to
3401:
3316:
3232:
3033:
3027:
2979:
2834:
2713:
2091:. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University. 2001.4. ISSN 1000-5293.
1288:
1152:
1053:
1031:(one source gives this a date of 685), then Xi'an northwest of
985:
1989:
Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War
3989:
3322:
3256:
3087:
3069:
3015:
2997:
2870:
1082:
1032:
3711:
2105:"Anbei Duhufu" ("Protectorate General to Pacify the North")
966:
In 650, the Tang set up Wolf Mountain Prefecture where the
1962:
Bóyángbǎn Zīzhìtōngjiàn 54 huánghòu shīzōng 柏楊版資治通鑑54皇后失蹤
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The Asian Military Revolution: from Gunpowder to the Bomb
1607:
3498:
The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities
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Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China
1573:
1571:
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1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
361:
347:
280:
266:
199:
185:
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104:
1854:
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1643:
1631:
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1556:
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1471:
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3646:
3632:
2282:
2181:
1306:
865:
317:
303:
236:
222:
155:
141:
74:
60:
4114:Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty
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1728:
1696:
1425:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
970:lived under the jurisdiction of Hanhai.
886:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
41:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
29:
2675:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
2648:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
2296:
2197:Protectorates and Protectorates-General
2053:Historical Dictionary of Medieval China
1905:
1860:
1705:
1665:
1420:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
1415:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
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4124:History of the Chinese in Central Asia
4101:
1939:
1803:
1746:
1737:
1687:
1649:
951:In 646 the Tang dynasty conquered the
3620:
2270:
2169:
2050:
2037:, U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES,
2032:
1977:
1878:
1832:
1812:
1755:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1577:
1538:
1513:
1501:
1070:in 755 and renamed it Da'an and then
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1959:
1930:
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4033:The Cambridge History of Inner Asia
3802:Protectorate of the Western Regions
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1562:
1550:
1477:
1232:647-669: Yanran; 749-755: Hengsai (
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2079:
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2113:(Historiography Edition), 1st ed.
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2444:
1729:Beckwith, Christopher I (1987),
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1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1120:
1113:
1106:
389:
1808:, OTTO HARRASSOWITZ · WIESBADEN
1747:Drompp, Michael Robert (2005),
1225:Seats of the Anbei protectorate
1066:resettled the army near modern
920:to the west. It controlled the
1978:Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012),
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1883:, Cambridge University Press,
1706:Barrett, Timothy Hugh (2008),
1673:, Princeton University Press,
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362:
348:
318:
304:
281:
267:
237:
223:
200:
186:
156:
142:
119:
105:
75:
61:
13:
1:
3445:Islam during the Tang dynasty
2685:Gyerim Territory Area Command
2246:Dongyi ("Eastern Barbarians")
2051:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2008),
2033:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2000),
1933:Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang
1460:
1355:Zhang Zhiyun (張知運) around 716
1047:Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia
2771:Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum
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1833:Graff, David Andrew (2016),
1790:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
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1440:Horses in East Asian warfare
1276:708-714: western Shouxiang (
927:It was first established as
7:
2567:Department of State Affairs
2317:Transition from Sui to Tang
1901:, Columbia University Press
1408:
1398:Gao Chenggong (高承恭) 861-863
1386:
935:, southwest of present-day
27:Chinese military government
10:
4150:
3902:against Northwest khanates
2643:Tang dynasty in Inner Asia
2241:Andong ("Pacify the East")
2236:Annan ("Pacify the South")
2226:Beiting ("Northern Court")
1767:Cambridge University Press
1658:
1445:Tang dynasty in Inner Asia
1392:Li Zhongshun (李忠順) 843-845
1307:List of protector generals
1097:attacked the Tiande Army.
946:
4024:
3963:
3930:
3892:
3859:
3817:
3787:
3778:
3767:
3655:
3578:
3462:
3425:
3387:
3362:
3223:
3216:
3133:
2910:
2806:
2701:
2635:
2592:
2557:
2453:
2442:
2305:
2207:
2118:"Duhufu" ("Protectorate")
1982:, Oxford University Press
1804:Golden, Peter B. (1992),
1697:Barfield, Thomas (1989),
1401:Shi Shanyou (石善友) 893-903
1287:714-749: Shouxiang (near
373:
355:
341:
334:
329:
325:
311:
297:
292:
274:
260:
253:
248:
244:
230:
216:
211:
193:
179:
172:
167:
163:
149:
135:
130:
112:
98:
91:
86:
82:
68:
54:
49:
45:
40:
3695:Western Turkic Khaganate
3690:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
3512:Ten Computational Canons
2725:Three Hundred Tang Poems
2488:Administrative divisions
2256:Baoning ("Peacekeeping")
2212:Anxi ("Pacify the West")
1897:Millward, James (2009),
1879:Lorge, Peter A. (2008),
1813:Graff, David A. (2002),
1435:Chinese military history
1367:Li Guangbi (李光弼) 745-746
1349:Wang Jun (王晙) before 714
1333:Li Dazhi (李大志) after 672
1020:(defense commissioner).
939:, the northern slope of
892:(647–784) was a Chinese
609:Second Turkic Khaganates
299:Traditional Chinese
293:Alternate Name (757–784)
218:Traditional Chinese
212:Alternate Name (663–669)
137:Traditional Chinese
131:Alternate Name (647–663)
56:Traditional Chinese
3700:Second Turkic Khaganate
2583:Secretariat-Chancellery
2404:Niu–Li factional strife
2069:Xue, Zongzheng (1992),
1987:Wang, Zhenping (2013),
1943:The ʿAbbāsid Revolution
1931:Rong, Xinjiang (2013),
1757:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley
1395:Qi Bitong (契苾通) 852-854
1382:Pugu Huai'en (僕固懷恩) 762
1361:Zang Xizhuang (臧希莊) 729
1341:Emperor Ruizong of Tang
313:Simplified Chinese
232:Simplified Chinese
151:Simplified Chinese
70:Simplified Chinese
3685:First Turkic Khaganate
3464:Science and technology
2753:Huaisu's Autobiography
2653:Four Garrisons of Anxi
2419:Tang-Nanzhao conflicts
2357:Tang–Western Turks War
2327:Tang–Eastern Turks War
1940:Shaban, M. A. (1979),
1861:Haywood, John (1998),
1373:Guo Ziyi (郭子儀) 749-754
904:, which extended from
482:Munkhkhairkhan culture
35:
3827:against Western Turks
2899:Green Satchel Classic
2798:Thousand-Buddha Cliff
2793:Rongxian Giant Buddha
2766:Kashyapa & Ananda
2602:Ministry of Personnel
2512:Imperial examinations
2123:Encyclopedia of China
1738:Bregel, Yuri (2003),
1712:Yale University Press
1688:Asimov, M.S. (1998),
1312:Li Suli (李素立) 647-649
916:to the east, and the
829:Democratic Revolution
50:Common name (669–757)
33:
4039:Greater Central Asia
2660:Beiting Protectorate
2436:Huang Chao Rebellion
2352:Tang–Tibet relations
2322:Xuanwu Gate Incident
2162:. II, p. 35-42.
2148:Pulleyblank, Edwin G
2110:Chinese Encyclopedia
1960:Sima, Guang (2015),
1865:, Barnes & Noble
1450:Epitaph of Pugu Yitu
1346:Zang Huailiang (臧懷亮)
1321:Liu Shenli (劉審禮) 661
4129:7th century in Asia
3450:Chinese Manichaeism
2788:Leshan Giant Buddha
2760:Night-Shining White
2622:Ministry of Justice
2607:Ministry of Revenue
2394:An Lushan rebellion
1692:, UNESCO Publishing
1430:History of Mongolia
1404:Li Cunjin (李存進) 923
1265:698-708: Yunzhong (
1079:An Lushan Rebellion
896:established by the
894:military government
802:People's Revolution
772:National Revolution
727:Oirat Confederation
512:Deer stones culture
383:History of Mongolia
3570:Woodblock printing
3433:Church of the East
2878:The Classic of Tea
2783:Dazu Rock Carvings
2414:Sweet Dew incident
2332:Tang–Xueyantuo War
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1327:Zang Shan'an (臧善安)
1234:Urad Middle Banner
1093:In 840 a group of
961:Urad Middle Banner
937:Urat Middle Banner
912:to the south, the
908:to the north, the
792:Chinese occupation
522:Slab-grave culture
502:Ulaanzuukh culture
472:Chemurchek culture
462:Afanasievo culture
36:
18:Anbei Protectorate
4096:
4095:
4072:Chinese Turkestan
4020:
4019:
3841:Mongolian Plateau
3614:
3613:
3458:
3457:
3341:Dongshan Liangjie
3329:Zhaozhou Congshen
3212:
3211:
2863:The Tale of Li Wa
2697:
2696:
2680:Ungjin Commandery
2627:Ministry of Works
2612:Ministry of Rites
2559:Three Departments
2517:Official headwear
2337:Goguryeo–Tang War
2264:
2263:
2220:
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1913:, vol. V:7:
1890:978-0-521-60954-8
1844:978-0-415-46034-7
1721:978-0-300-12728-7
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1680:978-0-691-13597-7
1616:, p. 41, 82.
1358:Zang Huaike (臧懷恪)
1330:Pang Tongfu (龐同福)
1318:Ren Yaxiang (任雅相)
1300:Urad Front Banner
1243:669-687: Datong (
1068:Urad Front Banner
1035:and southeast of
1006:as their khagan.
924:from 647 to 682.
922:Mongolian Plateau
914:Khingan Mountains
882:
881:
847:
846:
819:People's Republic
755:
754:
660:
659:
632:Tang protectorate
550:
549:
377:
376:
369:
368:
336:Standard Mandarin
288:
287:
255:Standard Mandarin
207:
206:
174:Standard Mandarin
126:
125:
93:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
4141:
3785:
3784:
3773:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3397:Neo-Confucianism
3299:Baizhang Huaihai
3221:
3220:
2829:Empress Zhangsun
2804:
2803:
2739:A Palace Concert
2555:
2554:
2448:
2409:Changqing Treaty
2291:
2284:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2216:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2074:
2065:
2047:
2029:
2011:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1956:
1936:
1927:
1902:
1893:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1847:
1829:
1809:
1800:
1779:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1724:
1702:
1693:
1683:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1336:Sun Jun (孫俊) 694
1296:
1285:
1274:
1263:
1254:687-698: Xi'an (
1252:
1241:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1110:
874:
867:
860:
768:
767:
681:9th–12th century
673:
672:
642:Uyghur Khaganate
587:Rouran Khaganate
563:
562:
532:Chandman culture
458:
457:
393:
379:
378:
365:
364:
351:
350:
327:
326:
321:
320:
307:
306:
284:
283:
270:
269:
246:
245:
240:
239:
226:
225:
203:
202:
189:
188:
165:
164:
159:
158:
145:
144:
122:
121:
108:
107:
84:
83:
78:
77:
64:
63:
38:
37:
21:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4068:Western Regions
4061:Chinese Tartary
4051:Eurasian nomads
4016:
3973:against Dzungar
3959:
3940:against Mongols
3926:
3888:
3855:
3813:
3797:against Xiongnu
3780:Chinese empires
3774:
3765:
3657:Nomadic empires
3651:
3645:
3615:
3610:
3601:Salt Commission
3596:Kaiyuan Tongbao
3574:
3454:
3421:
3383:
3358:
3208:
3129:
3124:Liêu Hữu Phương
2906:
2802:
2693:
2631:
2617:Ministry of War
2588:
2553:
2547:Turkic generals
2532:Imperial guards
2449:
2440:
2399:Qingshui Treaty
2389:Battle of Talas
2342:Baekje–Tang War
2301:
2295:
2265:
2260:
2251:Chanyu→Yunzhong
2203:
2194:
2082:
2080:Further reading
2077:
2063:
2045:
2027:
2008:
1972:
1954:
1925:
1907:Needham, Joseph
1891:
1845:
1827:
1798:
1777:
1722:
1681:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1411:
1389:
1370:Li Wan (李琬) 749
1315:Jiang Jian (姜簡)
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:Horinger County
1264:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1111:
1088:Zhenwu Jiedushi
1011:Ilterish Qaghan
949:
918:Altay Mountains
878:
849:
848:
839:Modern Mongolia
812:
765:
757:
756:
737:Dzungar Khanate
677:Mongol khanates
670:
669:Medieval period
662:
661:
615:
560:
552:
551:
542:Pazyryk culture
455:
363:Chenpei Tuhu Fu
349:Zhenbei Duhu Fu
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4028:
4026:
4025:Related topics
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:against Turpan
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3807:Chief Official
3799:
3793:
3791:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:history series
3644:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3544:Gautama Siddha
3541:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3372:Cheng Xuanying
3368:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3311:Yaoshan Weiyan
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2968:Wang Changling
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2594:Six Ministries
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2354:
2349:
2347:Silla–Tang War
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:Four Garrisons
2208:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2145:
2130:Xue, Zongzheng
2127:
2116:Zhou, Weiyan,
2114:
2101:
2092:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:Turkic peoples
2066:
2062:978-0810860537
2061:
2048:
2043:
2030:
2025:
2012:
2006:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1957:
1952:
1937:
1928:
1923:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1830:
1825:
1810:
1801:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1720:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1667:Andrade, Tonio
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1640:, p. 679.
1630:
1628:, p. 504.
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1518:
1516:, p. 652.
1506:
1504:, p. 203.
1494:
1482:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:Li Linfu (李林甫)
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:Li Sizhi (李嗣直)
1350:
1347:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:Jiang Xie (姜協)
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1077:Following the
1004:Ashina Nishufu
1000:Ashide Fengzhi
948:
945:
880:
879:
877:
876:
869:
862:
854:
851:
850:
845:
844:
841:
835:
834:
831:
825:
824:
821:
815:
814:
809:
798:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
782:Bogd Khaganate
778:
777:
774:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
753:
752:
749:
743:
742:
739:
733:
732:
729:
723:
722:
719:
713:
712:
709:
703:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
683:
682:
679:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
654:
648:
647:
644:
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:
618:
617:
612:
593:
592:
589:
583:
582:
579:
573:
572:
569:
561:
559:Ancient period
558:
557:
554:
553:
548:
547:
544:
538:
537:
534:
528:
527:
524:
518:
517:
514:
508:
507:
504:
498:
497:
494:
492:Sagsai culture
488:
487:
484:
478:
477:
474:
468:
467:
464:
456:
450:
449:
446:
445:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
395:
394:
386:
385:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
359:
353:
352:
345:
339:
338:
332:
331:
330:Transcriptions
323:
322:
315:
309:
308:
301:
295:
294:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:Hanhai Tuhu Fu
278:
272:
271:
268:Hanhai Duhu Fu
264:
258:
257:
251:
250:
249:Transcriptions
242:
241:
234:
228:
227:
220:
214:
213:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:Yenjan Tuhu Fu
197:
191:
190:
187:Yanran Duhu Fu
183:
177:
176:
170:
169:
168:Transcriptions
161:
160:
153:
147:
146:
139:
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
116:
110:
109:
102:
96:
95:
89:
88:
87:Transcriptions
80:
79:
72:
66:
65:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4146:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4088:Greater China
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3922:Northern Yuan
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Northern Liao
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:against Tibet
3834:
3832:
3831:Eastern Turks
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3742:Mongol Empire
3740:
3738:
3737:Khamag Mongol
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3546:(fl 714–724)
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3524:Xinxiu bencao
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:Liang Lingzan
3491:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3479:Jigu Suanjing
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:Wang Xiaotong
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3347:Yunmen Wenyan
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
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3249:
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3215:
3204:
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3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:Viśa Īrasangä
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
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3059:
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3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2992:Liu Changqing
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:Zhang Jiuling
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
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2896:
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2809:
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2799:
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2769:
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2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:Protectorates
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
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2584:
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2510:
2504:
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2500:
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2320:
2318:
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2312:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2161:
2160:0-86078-859-8
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:7-5004-0432-8
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2103:Wang, Jilin,
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2026:957-32-4273-7
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2007:9780674088467
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1953:0-521-29534-3
1949:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1924:0-521-30358-3
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:, Routledge,
1836:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1797:0-618-13384-4
1793:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1776:0-521-66991-X
1772:
1768:
1765:, Cambridge:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1652:, p. 39.
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1604:, p. 33.
1603:
1598:
1592:, p. 35.
1591:
1586:
1580:, p. 82.
1579:
1574:
1572:
1565:, p. 29.
1564:
1559:
1553:, p. 16.
1552:
1547:
1541:, p. 41.
1540:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1492:, p. 46.
1491:
1486:
1480:, p. 17.
1479:
1474:
1470:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1364:Tian Wan (田琬)
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1290:
1279:
1278:Wuyuan County
1268:
1257:
1246:
1235:
1220:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
987:
984:and south of
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
875:
870:
868:
863:
861:
856:
855:
853:
852:
842:
840:
837:
836:
832:
830:
827:
826:
822:
820:
817:
816:
810:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
789:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
770:
769:
764:Modern period
761:
760:
750:
748:
745:
744:
740:
738:
735:
734:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
718:
717:Northern Yuan
715:
714:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
698:
697:Mongol Empire
695:
694:
690:
688:
687:Khamag Mongol
685:
684:
680:
678:
675:
674:
666:
665:
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
619:
613:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:
594:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:Xianbei state
575:
574:
570:
568:
565:
564:
556:
555:
545:
543:
540:
539:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
523:
520:
519:
515:
513:
510:
509:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
489:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
473:
470:
469:
465:
463:
460:
459:
453:
448:
447:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
392:
388:
387:
384:
381:
380:
372:
360:
358:
354:
346:
344:
340:
337:
333:
328:
324:
316:
314:
310:
302:
300:
296:
291:
279:
277:
273:
265:
263:
259:
256:
252:
247:
243:
235:
233:
229:
221:
219:
215:
210:
198:
196:
192:
184:
182:
178:
175:
171:
166:
162:
154:
152:
148:
140:
138:
134:
129:
120:Anpei Tuhu Fu
117:
115:
111:
106:Anbei Duhu Fu
103:
101:
97:
94:
90:
85:
81:
73:
71:
67:
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
32:
19:
4078:China proper
4044:Central Asia
4031:
3879:Eastern Liao
3869:Western Liao
3840:
3549:
3522:
3510:
3497:
3477:
3389:Confucianism
3374:(fl 631–655)
3253:(fl 602–664)
3076:Niu Yingzhen
3052:Liu Zongyuan
2897:
2892:Yang Yunsong
2886:Du Guangting
2876:
2861:
2856:Bai Xingjian
2840:
2819:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2733:Playing card
2723:
2664:
2362:Oasis states
2298:Tang dynasty
2230:
2201:Tang dynasty
2151:
2133:
2121:
2108:
2096:
2094:Li, Dalong.
2087:
2070:
2052:
2034:
2016:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1961:
1942:
1932:
1914:
1910:
1898:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1834:
1815:
1805:
1786:
1780:(paperback).
1761:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1725:(alk. paper)
1707:
1698:
1689:
1670:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1558:
1546:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1256:Minle County
1099:
1092:
1076:
1061:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1022:
1018:zhenshou shi
1017:
1015:
1008:
996:Ashide Wenfu
993:
990:
979:
972:
965:
950:
926:
898:Tang dynasty
889:
885:
883:
843:1990–present
747:Qing dynasty
707:Yuan dynasty
652:Liao dynasty
631:
571:209 BC–93 AD
506:1450–1150 BC
496:1500–1000 BC
486:1800–1600 BC
476:2750–1900 BC
466:3300–2500 BC
343:Hanyu Pinyin
262:Hanyu Pinyin
181:Hanyu Pinyin
100:Hanyu Pinyin
3851:Tarim Basin
3606:Flying cash
3505:Li Chunfeng
3487:Xu Jingzong
3438:Xi'an Stele
3416:Kong Yingda
3287:Amoghavajra
3118:Du Qiuniang
3106:Mo Xuanqing
3100:Li Shangyin
3094:Wen Tingyun
2956:Meng Haoran
2944:He Zhizhang
2938:Chen Zi'ang
2920:Luo Binwang
2577:Chancellery
2572:Secretariat
2537:Shence Army
2493:Jimi system
2476:Family tree
2085:Ai, Chong.
2073:, 中国社会科学出版社
1874:, Macmillan
1650:Drompp 2005
1245:Ejin Banner
1090:(758-764).
1072:Tiande Army
1029:Ejin Banner
975:Wujia River
957:Jimi system
910:Gobi Desert
906:Lake Baikal
526:1100–300 BC
516:1400–700 BC
452:Prehistoric
4103:Categories
4083:Sinosphere
3985:Lifan Yuan
3884:Later Liao
3648:Inner Asia
3565:Toothbrush
3532:Sun Simiao
3507:(602–670)
3474:(580–640)
3378:Lü Dongbin
3293:Mazu Daoyi
3275:Vajrabodhi
3173:Zhang Xuan
3022:Wei Yingwu
2926:Du Shenyan
2873:(733–804)
2858:(776–826)
2816:(596–667)
2776:Autumn Dew
2483:Chancellor
2454:Government
2044:0892641371
1826:0415239559
1638:Xiong 2008
1626:Xiong 2008
1614:Xiong 2008
1578:Xiong 2008
1539:Xiong 2008
1514:Xiong 2008
1502:Xiong 2008
1461:References
1298:755: near
1025:Tsetserleg
933:Shanyu Tai
546:600–300 BC
536:700–300 BC
357:Wade–Giles
276:Wade–Giles
195:Wade–Giles
114:Wade–Giles
3997:Manchuria
3950:Manchuria
3907:Manchuria
3561:(730–805)
3540:(683–727)
3489:(592-672)
3418:(574–648)
3410:(772–841)
3404:(768–824)
3349:(862–949)
3343:(807–869)
3331:(778–897)
3325:(770–860)
3319:(746–805)
3313:(745–827)
3307:(730–790)
3301:(720–814)
3295:(709–788)
3289:(705–774)
3283:(688–763)
3277:(671–741)
3271:(638–689)
3265:(635–713)
3259:(632–682)
3247:(613–681)
3241:(562–645)
3235:(549–623)
3199:(855–915)
3193:(832–912)
3187:(730–780)
3185:Zhou Fang
3181:(723–787)
3179:Han Huang
3175:(713–755)
3169:(706–783)
3157:(699–759)
3151:(680–760)
3145:(600–673)
3143:Yan Liben
3114:(840–868)
3112:Yu Xuanji
3102:(813–858)
3096:(812–866)
3090:(803–852)
3072:(790–817)
3060:(779–831)
3058:Yuan Zhen
3054:(773–819)
3048:(772–846)
3042:(772–842)
3036:(768–824)
3030:(739–799)
3024:(737–792)
3018:(722–789)
3012:(715–770)
3006:(712–779)
3000:(712–770)
2994:(709–785)
2988:(704–765)
2982:(701–762)
2976:(699–759)
2970:(698–756)
2964:(690–751)
2958:(689–740)
2952:(673–740)
2946:(659–744)
2940:(656–702)
2934:(650–676)
2928:(645–708)
2922:(619–684)
2894:(9th c.)
2888:(850–933)
2852:(751–762)
2837:(7th c.)
2831:(601–636)
2542:Shumiyuan
2367:Karakhoja
2306:History (
1490:Wang 2013
1466:Citations
1343:, 699-702
953:Xueyantuo
941:Lang Shan
902:Xueyantuo
823:1924–1992
813:1921–1924
796:1919–1921
786:1911–1919
751:1691–1911
741:1634–1757
731:1399–1634
721:1368–1635
711:1271–1368
701:1206–1368
691:1130–1206
622:Xueyantuo
431:Geography
4012:Xinjiang
4002:Mongolia
3978:genocide
3912:Mongolia
3747:Chagatai
3680:Göktürks
3534:(d. 682)
3519:Su Jing
3355:(9th c.)
3337:(8th c.)
3335:Zhisheng
3281:Jianzhen
3251:Xuanzang
3225:Buddhism
3217:Religion
3205:(9th c.)
3197:Jing Hao
3163:(7th c.)
3155:Wang Wei
3149:Wu Daozi
3135:Painters
3126:(9th c.)
3120:(9th c.)
3084:(8th c.)
3082:Zhang Xu
3078:(8th c.)
3066:(d. 784)
3046:Bai Juyi
3040:Liu Yuxi
3010:Cen Shen
3004:Zhang Ji
2974:Wang Wei
2527:Jiedushi
2522:Military
2429:Songping
2382:Conquest
2372:Karasahr
2308:Timeline
2150:(2002).
2132:(1992).
1909:(1986),
1759:(1999),
1669:(2016),
1602:Hao 2021
1590:Hao 2021
1563:Hao 2021
1551:Hao 2021
1478:Hao 2021
1409:See also
1387:Jiedushi
1130:125miles
1064:Guo Ziyi
1009:In 683,
994:In 679,
982:Horinger
656:907–1125
597:Göktürks
441:Religion
436:Language
426:Politics
416:Nobility
401:Timeline
4056:Tartary
3846:Beiting
3761:Dzungar
3756:Timurid
3707:Tibetan
3670:Xianbei
3665:Xiongnu
3591:Liu Yan
3586:Diwu Qi
3579:Economy
3559:Jia Dan
3538:Yi Xing
3380:(796-?)
3245:Shandao
3239:Daochuo
3203:Sun Wei
3191:Guanxiu
3167:Han Gan
3108:(834-?)
2986:Gao Shi
2932:Wang Bo
2850:Du Huan
2814:Daoxuan
2807:Writers
2702:Culture
2498:Fanzhen
2461:Emperor
2199:of the
1935:, Brill
1856:, Brill
1751:, Brill
1742:, Brill
1659:Sources
1095:Uyghurs
1037:Zhangye
968:Karluks
947:History
646:744–840
636:647–682
626:628–646
616:682–744
614:555–630
605:Eastern
591:330–555
567:Xiongnu
421:Culture
3727:Mongol
3722:Kyrgyz
3717:Uyghur
3675:Rouran
3402:Han Yu
3364:Taoism
3317:Huiguo
3305:Wukong
3263:Yijing
3233:Jizang
3034:Han Yu
3028:Lu Lun
2980:Li Bai
2835:Bianji
2719:Poetry
2714:Sancai
2300:topics
2158:
2140:
2059:
2041:
2023:
2004:
1968:
1950:
1921:
1887:
1841:
1823:
1794:
1773:
1718:
1677:
1289:Baotou
1054:Baotou
986:Hohhot
929:Yanran
607:, and
581:93–234
454:period
411:Rulers
406:States
4007:Tibet
3990:Amban
3955:Tibet
3917:Tibet
3732:Tatar
3426:Other
3408:Li Ao
3323:Puhua
3257:Kuiji
3088:Du Mu
3070:Li He
3064:Li Ye
3016:Li Bi
2998:Du Fu
2962:Li Qi
2912:Poets
2871:Lu Yu
2503:Hebei
2471:House
2424:Annan
2377:Kucha
1128:200km
1083:taboo
1033:Minle
601:First
319:镇北都护府
305:鎮北都護府
238:瀚海都护府
224:瀚海都護府
157:燕然都护府
143:燕然都护府
76:安北都护府
62:安北都護府
3965:Qing
3932:Ming
3894:Yuan
3861:Liao
3819:Tang
3712:Zubu
3353:Gikū
3269:Faru
2466:List
2156:ISBN
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2002:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1675:ISBN
998:and
884:The
833:1990
811:1921
776:1911
3789:Han
2709:Art
931:at
888:or
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