255:
1643:
3357:
473:
3041:
133:
480:
5531:
5555:
5519:
1510:
4409:
5567:
9466:
2708:
36:
5543:
783:
1494:
and
Ottomans, new trends were also acquired. Especially wandering traditional crafts artists and architects helped spread these new trends and localized styles to several beyliks across Anatolia, which resulted in innovative and original works particularly in architecture. Wood and stone carving,
703:, failing and losing power every time. By the close of the century, the early Ottoman leaders had conquered large parts of land from Karamanids and other less prominent beyliks. These had a short respite when their territories were restored to them after the Ottoman defeat suffered against
384:
became gradually less and less able to resist these attacks, and many Turks began to settle in western parts of
Anatolia. As a result, many more beyliks were founded in these newly conquered realms, who engaged in power struggles with the
682:
either through the acquisition of towns or by cementing marriage alliances. Meanwhile, wary of an increase in
Ottoman regional power, the Karamanids repeatedly engaged in conflict with the Ottomans with the help of other beyliks,
1465:
Combined with the
Seljuks and the migration of Turkic tribes into the Anatolian mainland, the Anatolian beyliks spread the Turkic language and Islamic culture in Anatolia. Unlike the Seljuks, whose administrative language was
1558:(1312) built by the Aydın beylik. The above mosques, although being successors of Seljuq architecture, differ greatly in the increase of decorations in the interior and exterior spaces and the different placement of the
7353:
7907:
8166:
1589:(1409), all of which respect a new style that considers and incorporates the exterior surroundings also. One of the first examples of the Anatolian beylik architecture hinting at the forming of the
8148:
8083:
8178:
8172:
5605:
8841:
8160:
750:
who more or less completely united the present territories of Turkey (and much more) in his 1534 campaign. Many of the former
Anatolian beyliks subsequently became the basis for the
7628:
7329:
8031:
7127:
2500:
1495:
clay tiles and other similar decorative arts of the
Seljuks were still used, however with the influence of the pursuit for new spaces and its reflections in other arts as well.
6501:
8909:
6981:
8154:
6999:
8915:
7622:
2510:
9423:
1609:(1374) built by the Saruhan beylik. Also worth noting is the increase in constructions of madrassas that points at the beyliks' attaching greater importance to sciences.
8309:
7901:
7658:
7115:
7048:
6410:
9435:
9040:
7895:
7839:
7652:
7610:
7335:
4363:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
9022:
9010:
8637:
6530:
8409:
8025:
9296:
9178:
9064:
9046:
9034:
7980:
7182:
7176:
5598:
8446:
6830:
6507:
9429:
9070:
9058:
9028:
9016:
7944:
7133:
7011:
190:, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the
9417:
7341:
9052:
7802:
7382:
6335:
5411:
9441:
9411:
9350:
8573:
8132:
6305:
8367:
7376:
6565:
6317:
9291:
8804:
6987:
7796:
6726:
6323:
5591:
264:(1375). The caption next to the seated ruler reads: "Asia Minor also called Turkey, where there are many cities and castles." The map is shown upside down.
6299:
6207:
8798:
6559:
6311:
6524:
1486:
In spite of their limited sources and the political climate of their era, art during the
Anatolian beyliks flourished, probably forming the basis for
9302:
9184:
6993:
6824:
6763:
8530:
7532:
6696:
6329:
6536:
4537:
730:, who conquered their lands and re-assured a homogeneous rule in Anatolia. The further steps towards a single rule by the Ottomans were taken by
1642:
8786:
8680:
8631:
6720:
6702:
8625:
8583:
8958:
5074:
3947:
7646:
7616:
8518:
8456:
6975:
6928:
5237:
4616:
4332:
2578:
472:
9511:
9506:
9076:
8524:
8069:
6553:
5879:
2736:
5210:
4611:
3314:
2661:
2566:
2556:
5008:
637:
5896:
4397:
4365:
3029:
2854:
The decline of medieval
Hellenism in Asia Minor: and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century
100:
5500:
4642:
4589:
771:
in 1071, mostly situated towards eastern
Anatolia, and who were vassals (or sometimes at war) of the centralized power of the
72:
2837:
9501:
4520:
4375:
2480:
1490:. Although the artistic style of the Anatolian beyliks can be considered as representatives of a transition period between
4967:
4682:
4508:
2619:
2470:
79:
5458:
4998:
4988:
4055:
2861:
751:
722:, who reincorporated most of these beyliks into Ottoman territory in a period of about 25 years. The final blow to the
53:
3007:
9496:
6071:
5003:
4950:
4888:
4576:
4559:
2959:
2888:
2792:
2644:
2536:
119:
8019:
7954:
5436:
5121:
4920:
4844:
4632:
2671:
86:
17:
5116:
4564:
3656:
2729:
2779:
1474:
language thus achieved widespread use in these principalities and reached its highest sophistication during the
945:
5258:
4955:
4910:
4824:
4802:
4715:
4108:
2989:
2204:
57:
7489:
2966:
68:
5980:
5347:
5064:
4785:
4327:
3942:
3356:
2698:
2649:
2450:
1504:
1487:
5559:
5431:
5126:
4757:
4737:
3990:
2951:
2666:
1670:
2874:
1685:
365:
from Persia and
Turkestan, who also fled the Mongols. The ghazis fought under the inspiration of either a
5386:
5013:
4993:
4915:
4839:
4584:
4390:
3022:
2546:
2334:
1697:
7461:
2943:
747:
351:, to declare sovereignty over their dominions. With the fall of Seljuk centralized power in Konya, many
9491:
5928:
5923:
5109:
5084:
4962:
4812:
4649:
4637:
4503:
3876:
2880:
2722:
2656:
2460:
1622:
1334:
960:
404:
coastline, held momentarily two centuries before. In the beginning, the most powerful states were the
191:
9285:
9221:
7495:
7477:
7419:
5912:
5287:
4925:
4905:
4552:
2681:
330:
8291:
8285:
5945:
5485:
5151:
4849:
4778:
4547:
3704:
152:
6061:
8860:
8361:
6081:
5950:
5939:
5547:
4834:
4807:
4752:
4747:
4599:
3732:
3676:
3423:
3419:
3259:
3077:
3072:
2808:
986:
46:
8343:
6066:
4594:
254:
8233:
7790:
5933:
5717:
5640:
5342:
5282:
5270:
5163:
5020:
4513:
4436:
4383:
3969:
3327:
3304:
3119:
3015:
2686:
1660:
556:
93:
8355:
5337:
2827:
8903:
8482:
8385:
6690:
6086:
6016:
5490:
5275:
5265:
5232:
4972:
4795:
4199:
4153:
3761:
2114:
1471:
674:, who at the time were thought to be the strongest. Towards the end of the 14th century, the
8492:
6455:
6233:
4405:
2903:
The Ahiler Beylik is sometimes considered one of the Anatolian beyliks but was a mercantile
981:
A second group beyliks emerged as a result of the weakening of this central state under the
326:, would receive military and financial support from the Seljuks in return for their fealty.
8397:
8379:
8373:
8327:
8315:
7604:
7542:
5426:
5421:
5406:
5352:
5297:
5181:
5040:
5025:
4873:
4790:
4604:
4352:
3415:
3134:
3089:
2280:
1590:
132:
8297:
5753:
1319:
443:
8:
6011:
5302:
5253:
5186:
5136:
5035:
4945:
4893:
4706:
4687:
4473:
4093:
3712:
3337:
3159:
2639:
2624:
2374:
2104:
2071:
1963:
1876:
768:
277:
8403:
5729:
2876:
European and Islamic Trade in the Early Ottoman State: The Merchants of Genoa and Turkey
1533:
881:
426:, and was at that stage relatively small and possessed modest military power. Along the
413:
202:
7402:
7347:
6393:
6006:
5956:
5473:
5416:
5396:
5309:
5198:
5141:
4937:
4859:
4525:
4446:
4441:
4088:
3937:
3910:
3144:
3037:
2634:
2490:
2294:
2079:
1232:
1172:
1114:
739:
536:
459:
7188:
2084:
1299:
361:(former Seljuk leaders), and other religious Muslim leaders, in addition to employing
9387:
8792:
8303:
6076:
6001:
5571:
5518:
5480:
5443:
5329:
5314:
5131:
5069:
5056:
5030:
4898:
4829:
4773:
4692:
4421:
4229:
4148:
3901:
3648:
3322:
3234:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3164:
3104:
2955:
2884:
2857:
2833:
2788:
2750:
2676:
2629:
2270:
2154:
2144:
2124:
2094:
1631:
1470:, the Anatolian beyliks adopted spoken Turkic as their formal literary language. The
1385:
735:
670:
starting in 1354, they soon gained strength to emerge as the principal rivals of the
576:
390:
8715:
7763:
6808:
1586:
1513:
896:
658:, the Beylik of Osman expanded at Byzantine expense westwards and southwards of the
9121:
8849:
8824:
8391:
8337:
8321:
8073:
7843:
7430:
7252:
6867:
5759:
5614:
5401:
5369:
5191:
5146:
5089:
4742:
4665:
4480:
4194:
4174:
3952:
3728:
3716:
3708:
3696:
3672:
3664:
3652:
3633:
3586:
3488:
3451:
3342:
3279:
3274:
3239:
3189:
3114:
3094:
3054:
2755:
2602:
2354:
2324:
2286:
1786:
1467:
1370:
1070:
772:
743:
708:
692:
663:
662:
in the first decades of the 14th century. With their annexation of the neighboring
642:
605:
565:
496:
386:
377:
370:
348:
289:
273:
168:
144:
8244:
7568:
4184:
3084:
1542:
1143:
8349:
7293:
6803:
6684:
6602:
5917:
5799:
5741:
5535:
5468:
5448:
5379:
5374:
5319:
5292:
5203:
5176:
4854:
4819:
4348:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
4030:
4007:
3980:
3720:
3692:
3688:
3660:
3629:
3566:
3523:
3506:
3332:
3294:
3229:
3214:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3109:
3099:
3067:
2244:
2194:
2174:
2134:
1993:
1746:
1606:
696:
545:
394:
8643:
8536:
7423:
7288:
7244:
6708:
9395:
9322:
9131:
8994:
7370:
7223:
7156:
6714:
5811:
5723:
5391:
5171:
5094:
4727:
4495:
4456:
4342:
4239:
4219:
4113:
4098:
4063:
3964:
3736:
3724:
3700:
3680:
3641:
3590:
3551:
3456:
3446:
3365:
3299:
3284:
3264:
3249:
3244:
3219:
3204:
3124:
3062:
3045:
2942:
2785:
Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960)
2442:
2214:
1475:
1430:
1405:
1338:
1123:
1090:
990:
659:
641:
The Anatolian Beyliks and main contemporary Asian polities circa 1300. A small
463:
451:
447:
419:
337:
commanders in Anatolia then gained strength and authority which encouraged the
224:
177:
173:
8921:
7078:
333:
from the East saw a decline in Seljuk power which gradually deteriorated. The
9485:
9470:
9157:
8887:
8870:
8502:
7278:
6041:
5787:
5523:
5463:
5364:
5104:
5099:
4732:
4677:
4468:
4275:
4265:
4068:
3957:
3856:
3811:
3684:
3606:
3602:
3572:
3516:
3501:
3466:
3373:
3289:
3269:
3254:
2712:
2614:
2304:
1375:
1104:
675:
260:
6445:
1344:
767:
In the list below, only the beyliks that were founded immediately after the
423:
314:
is a Turkish term that denotes a border or frontier territory equivalent to
208:
9096:
8962:
8698:
8219:
7634:
7240:
6283:
6046:
5859:
5839:
5823:
5765:
5747:
5495:
5453:
5079:
4530:
4254:
4040:
3668:
3610:
3594:
3556:
3408:
3378:
2414:
2384:
2234:
1537:
1400:
587:
514:
505:
243:
9253:
9113:
8466:
8215:
7483:
6051:
5583:
1289:
1281:
9204:
8222:
7927:
7515:
7426:
7248:
7203:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under
6842:
6746:
6585:
6399:
6396:
6352:
6263:
6190:
5805:
5359:
4670:
4244:
3896:
3841:
3546:
3476:
2607:
2314:
2262:
1836:
1415:
1202:
1134:
911:
822:
479:
435:
409:
281:
212:
9152:
8750:
8740:
8119:
7869:
7853:
7088:
6258:
1532:
Some representative examples of the Anatolian beyliks' architecture are
1525:
1192:
965:
8941:
8198:
7995:
7990:
7784:
7695:
7640:
7005:
6892:
6056:
5793:
5781:
4224:
4189:
4045:
4025:
4020:
4015:
3886:
3224:
2424:
2394:
1796:
1717:
1652:
1252:
1039:
901:
866:
723:
688:
671:
427:
405:
401:
381:
136:
A map of independent Turkic beyliks in Anatolia during the 14th century
9147:
8497:
8109:
7964:
7874:
7062:
6798:
6777:
6253:
3851:
1222:
1207:
1055:
920:
310:(especially in border areas to ensure safety against the Byzantines);
9365:
8124:
7822:
7703:
7456:
7440:
7262:
7160:
6911:
6663:
6450:
6421:
6389:
6248:
6238:
5775:
5630:
4270:
4249:
4214:
4209:
4158:
4118:
4103:
4073:
3976:
3927:
3836:
3598:
3511:
3471:
3392:
3388:
2404:
2224:
1559:
1509:
1444:
1187:
1119:
1100:
930:
848:
727:
704:
646:
627:
527:
455:
334:
293:
9264:
8735:
4259:
2993:
1547:
1517:
1276:
1059:
302:
35:
9339:
8663:
8556:
8429:
8114:
8051:
8000:
7879:
7758:
7699:
7678:
7552:
7204:
7121:
7031:
6793:
6773:
6371:
6021:
5869:
5849:
5829:
5817:
5215:
4542:
4301:
4234:
4179:
4128:
4083:
3932:
3906:
3881:
3831:
3806:
3623:
3436:
3400:
3384:
2904:
2782:
2364:
2164:
1944:
1806:
1736:
1598:
1577:
1566:. Karaman beylik also left noteworthy architectural works, such as
1434:
1360:
1352:
1303:
1272:
1241:
1217:
1177:
1153:
1139:
1046:
916:
842:
719:
715:
679:
439:
431:
319:
181:
8765:
8761:
8720:
8690:
7743:
7093:
7083:
6243:
6145:
5650:
5225:
2852:
This process is described in the pioneering work, Speros Vryonis,
1521:
993:
territory in Western Anatolia toward the end of the 13th century.
812:
369:
or a general, trying to assert Islamic power, with the attacks on
9381:
9360:
9269:
9259:
9247:
9162:
8609:
8593:
8487:
8258:
8254:
8249:
8128:
8093:
7738:
7717:
7583:
7573:
6954:
6938:
6648:
6643:
6161:
6135:
6118:
5735:
5701:
5690:
5679:
4311:
4291:
4204:
3821:
3816:
3796:
3749:
3618:
3536:
3481:
3461:
3441:
3431:
3396:
2184:
1973:
1953:
1886:
1866:
1826:
1776:
1766:
1756:
1571:
1563:
1491:
1440:
1309:
1285:
1261:
1257:
1162:
935:
807:
731:
700:
667:
655:
487:
315:
269:
8755:
7303:
9231:
9117:
8845:
8769:
8725:
7768:
7753:
7578:
7308:
7283:
6959:
6668:
6658:
6638:
6617:
6480:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6429:
6425:
6273:
6268:
6166:
5696:
5220:
4413:
4408:
4337:
4296:
4078:
4035:
3985:
3846:
3801:
3791:
3775:
3769:
3754:
3744:
3580:
3541:
3531:
3496:
2908:
2528:
2033:
2003:
1926:
1856:
1816:
1420:
1356:
1096:
1079:
1075:
1033:
1028:
1018:
1013:
982:
950:
886:
856:
852:
684:
616:
366:
356:
344:
285:
8730:
6278:
8989:
8973:
8745:
8694:
8264:
7985:
7748:
7733:
7713:
7588:
7298:
7172:
7098:
7058:
6653:
6633:
6612:
6217:
6171:
5684:
5674:
5654:
4306:
3891:
3826:
3561:
2760:
2053:
2043:
2023:
2013:
1983:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1846:
1555:
1390:
1348:
1324:
1237:
1158:
1051:
871:
832:
776:
373:
territory further expanding the power sphere of the beyliks.
362:
296:
was largely as a result of using these clans under appointed
239:
216:
782:
6475:
5996:
4347:
4123:
1726:
1594:
8269:
989:
in 1243, which had the indirect consequence of extending
762:
339:
185:
1593:
that aims at uniting the interior space beneath one big
976:
786:
Map of the Anatolian beyliks in the 11th-12th centuries
4333:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
2826:
Forêt, Philippe; Kaplony, Andreas (30 November 2008).
7155:
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the
714:
But the Ottoman state quickly collected itself under
3784:
322:used in other parts of Europe. These clans, led by
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
Historical, small Turkic principalities in Anatolia
430:, from North to South, were the principalities of
752:administrative subdivisions in the Ottoman Empire
9483:
454:(later also known as Isfendiyar) reigned in the
234:denotes a territory under the jurisdiction of a
7222:
2829:The Journey of Maps and Images on the Silk Road
1306:, subordinate to Sahib Ataids and Germiyanids)
7514:
5599:
4391:
3023:
2730:
9095:
8131:transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother
7364:Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
6841:Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of
4366:State with limited international recognition
2928:, Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters, page 40
2856:(Berkeley: University of California, 1971),
2825:
2783:Mohamed Hedi Cherif - Daniel Panzac (1995).
9203:
8823:
8197:
7926:
6745:
6584:
6189:
5613:
2990:"Osmanlı Medeniyeti (Ottoman Civilization)"
1093:(later also known as Beylik of Isfendiyar)
8940:
5606:
5592:
4398:
4384:
3030:
3016:
2872:
2737:
2723:
8662:
8050:
7821:
7401:
7171:Second period of Beylik reconstituted by
6910:
6117:
280:and the subsequent conquest of Anatolia,
219:completed its incorporation of the other
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
8428:
7677:
7030:
3313:
2921:
2919:
2917:
1508:
781:
742:in 1515 during his campaign against the
422:, was situated in the northwest, around
253:
194:in the latter half of the 13th century.
131:
6883:Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
5897:Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
2907:rather than a monarchical dynasty. See
14:
9484:
8555:
6495:Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:
6370:
5328:
791:Founded after the Battle of Manzikert
763:Beyliks founded after Manzikert (1071)
625:
585:
574:
554:
543:
418:, who would later go on to become the
9320:
9202:
9094:
8939:
8822:
8661:
8554:
8427:
8196:
8049:
7925:
7820:
7676:
7513:
7400:
7221:
7029:
6909:
6744:
6583:
6369:
6188:
6116:
6104:
6103:
5587:
4379:
3011:
2914:
997:Founded after the Battle of Köse Dağ
977:Beyliks founded after Köse Dağ (1243)
614:
563:
512:
494:
485:
167:
9321:
7354:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second
6858:Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)
5554:
5542:
2946:(translated by Gary Leiser) (1992).
534:
525:
503:
284:clans began settling in present-day
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
8167:Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey
603:
594:
476:
412:in the central area. The Beylik of
400:By 1300, the Turks had reached the
24:
9512:15th century in the Ottoman Empire
9507:14th century in the Ottoman Empire
2926:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
757:
466:in what was the Beylik of Candar.
25:
9523:
8376:(1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
7908:Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second
6518:Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
6072:Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras
2982:
2948:The Origins of the Ottoman Empire
2809:"The Cresques Project - Panel IV"
2787:(in French). Peeters Publishers.
2285:(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as
734:who conquered territories of the
645:still existed as a vassal of the
397:, as well as between each other.
9464:
9375:Important centers and extension:
9241:Important centers and extension:
9141:Important centers and extension:
8983:Important centers and extension:
8881:Important centers and extension:
8603:Important centers and extension:
8476:Important centers and extension:
8179:Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey
8103:Important centers and extension:
7974:Important centers and extension:
7863:Important centers and extension:
7727:Important centers and extension:
7562:Important centers and extension:
7450:Important centers and extension:
7272:Important centers and extension:
7072:Important centers and extension:
6948:Important centers and extension:
6787:Important centers and extension:
6627:Important centers and extension:
6439:Important centers and extension:
6227:Important centers and extension:
6155:Important centers and extension:
5565:
5553:
5541:
5530:
5529:
5517:
4921:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
4407:
3355:
3039:
2706:
2249:224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
1641:
478:
471:
292:'s central power established in
34:
8708:Important centers and extension
8149:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
8084:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
5668:Important centers and extension
5566:
4338:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
2973:Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
1498:
943:
909:
879:
840:
805:
458:region around the provinces of
45:needs additional citations for
8173:Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey
8020:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
7955:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
2897:
2866:
2846:
2819:
2801:
2773:
2105:Kingdom of Alexander the Great
13:
1:
8161:Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey
5981:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
4328:Organization of Turkic States
2766:
1675:
1505:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
654:Under its eponymous founder,
5412:Intangible cultural heritage
4758:Southeastern Anatolia Region
4590:Proclamation of the republic
2992:(in Turkish). Archived from
2952:State University of New York
7:
9502:States in medieval Anatolia
7490:Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan
7243:, commander descended from
4683:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
2620:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
2335:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1612:
1601:architectural structure is
1460:
691:("White Sheep Turkomans"),
10:
9528:
5929:Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
5924:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
4514:Conquest of Constantinople
2935:
2881:Cambridge University Press
1502:
1455:
380:weakened, their cities in
343:, who had until then been
249:
246:in other parts of Europe.
227:by the late 15th century.
9459:
9404:
9374:
9330:
9316:
9278:
9240:
9212:
9198:
9171:
9140:
9104:
9090:
9003:
8982:
8949:
8935:
8896:
8880:
8832:
8818:
8779:
8707:
8671:
8657:
8618:
8602:
8564:
8550:
8511:
8475:
8437:
8423:
8278:
8206:
8192:
8141:
8102:
8059:
8045:
8012:
7973:
7935:
7921:
7888:
7862:
7830:
7816:
7777:
7726:
7686:
7672:
7629:Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey
7597:
7561:
7523:
7509:
7470:
7449:
7410:
7396:
7363:
7330:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha
7322:
7271:
7231:
7217:
7143:
7108:
7071:
7039:
7025:
6968:
6947:
6919:
6905:
6876:
6852:Erzincan and Kemah Branch
6851:
6817:
6786:
6754:
6740:
6677:
6626:
6593:
6579:
6546:
6517:
6494:
6438:
6379:
6365:
6345:
6292:
6226:
6198:
6184:
6154:
6126:
6112:
6099:
6034:
5989:
5973:
5966:
5905:
5889:
5710:
5667:
5663:
5621:
5513:
5246:
5162:
5055:
5021:The constitutional system
4981:
4936:
4881:
4872:
4766:
4714:
4705:
4658:
4625:
4575:
4553:Second Constitutional Era
4538:Decline and modernization
4494:
4455:
4429:
4420:
4361:
4320:
4284:
4167:
4141:
4054:
4006:
3999:
3920:
3869:
3364:
3353:
3053:
2501:Decline and modernization
2451:Periods of Ottoman Empire
1524:, built by the Beylik of
258:Anatolian Beyliks in the
9497:Middle Eastern dynasties
8072:, frontier rulers under
8032:Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah
7698:, brother-in-law of the
7251:in the imperial army of
5946:Battle of Iconium (1190)
5004:Ministry of the Interior
4989:Administrative divisions
4548:First Constitutional Era
3943:Timeline of the Göktürks
1038:1293–1471 as vassals to
748:Süleyman the Magnificent
318:, with the similar term
9297:Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey
9179:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
9122:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
9114:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
8922:Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi
8850:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
8074:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7981:Kula (District), Manisa
7844:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7702:governor for Anatolia,
7431:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7253:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6868:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6866:Incorporation into the
5940:Battle of Myriokephalon
5615:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
4951:Parliamentary elections
4753:Eastern Anatolia Region
4748:Central Anatolia Region
4430:Ancient and Middle Ages
2813:www.cresquesproject.net
773:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
666:and their advance into
355:joined forces with the
290:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
192:Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm
9436:Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey
9059:Giyas al-Din Halil Bey
8910:Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey
8842:Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî
8234:Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
7896:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
7840:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
7791:Giyath al-Din Muhammad
7653:Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey
7611:Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey
7336:Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey
7241:Şemseddin Yaman Candar
7012:Melikshah bin Muhammed
5934:Battle of Mount Cadmus
5906:Wars and major battles
5122:Science and technology
4956:Presidential elections
4437:Prehistory of Anatolia
3657:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2832:. BRILL. p. 194.
2672:Constitutional history
2557:Provisional government
2511:Defeat and dissolution
1661:Prehistory of Anatolia
1529:
1481:
827:also called Ahlatshahs
787:
678:advanced further into
265:
215:, from its capital in
165:Turkish pronunciation:
148:
137:
8916:Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey
8410:Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey
8026:Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey
7803:Mehmed Bey the Second
7623:Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey
7383:Kemaleddin Ismail Bey
6336:Muhammed bin Begtimur
6087:Shams al-Din Isfahani
6062:Shams al-Din Altınapa
6017:Karim al-Din Aqsarayi
5913:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
5117:Free trade agreements
4999:Intelligence Services
4796:North Anatolian Fault
4154:Proto-Turkic language
3785:Extinct Turkic groups
2911:for more information.
2115:Kingdom of Cappadocia
1671:Palaeolithic Anatolia
1512:
1503:Further information:
961:Beylik of Tanrıbermiş
785:
257:
135:
9181:(1275–1288) and sons
8447:Melik Danişmend Gazi
8398:Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed
8374:Sultanzâde Mehmet II
8368:Nasreddin Mehmed Bey
8322:Alâeddin Halil Mirza
7902:Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey
7659:Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey
7605:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
7543:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
7496:Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey
7478:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
7420:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
7377:Taceddin Ibrahim Bey
7189:İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey
7116:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
7049:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
6891:Beylik destroyed by
6831:Mengücekli Ishak Bey
6508:Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey
6502:Müinüddin Sökmen Bey
6411:Muinüddin Sökmen Bey
6082:Mu'in al-Din Parwana
6035:Other notable people
5990:Writers and scholars
5501:World heritage sites
5026:Turkish Armed Forces
4911:Constitutional Court
4825:Flora and vegetation
4803:Environmental issues
4791:East Anatolian Fault
4738:Mediterranean Region
4353:World Turks Qurultai
2281:Eastern Roman Empire
1591:Ottoman architecture
638:class=notpageimage|
54:improve this article
9418:Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey
9292:Fahreddin Ilyas Bey
8638:Inançoğlu Ishak Bey
8328:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
8316:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
8155:Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey
7342:Candaroğlu Adil Bey
7128:Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey
7101:(between 1336–1344)
7000:Nâsırüddin Muhammed
6982:Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım
6531:Hüsameddin Timurtaş
6485:temporarily in 1117
6012:Siraj al-Din Urmavi
5070:Banking and Finance
4688:History of Anatolia
4585:War of Independence
4577:Republic of Türkiye
4474:Battle of Manzikert
4094:Karachay-Cherkessia
2944:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
2873:Kate Fleet (1999).
2625:History of Anatolia
2547:War of Independence
2375:Empire of Trebizond
2239:133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
1686:Mesolithic Anatolia
1581:in Karaman (1382),
998:
792:
769:Battle of Manzikert
278:Battle of Manzikert
268:Following the 1071
69:"Anatolian beyliks"
9442:Tekeoğlu Osman Bey
9424:Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey
9412:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
9351:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
8693:castle and nearby
8574:Germiyanlı Ali Bey
8380:Bengi Alâeddin Ali
8356:Seyfeddin Süleyman
8286:Kerîmeddin Karaman
8133:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
8068:Hamid and his son
7348:Celaleddin Bayezid
7183:Aydınoğlu Umur Bey
7177:Aydınoğlu Musa Bey
6727:Nasreddin Muhammed
6420:Three branches in
6388:Eksük and his son
6324:Seyfeddin Begtimur
6306:Ibrahim bin Sökmen
6007:Fakhr al-Din Iraqi
5957:Battle of Elbistan
5951:Battle of Köse Dağ
5127:Telecommunications
4916:Court of Cassation
4617:Multi-party period
4526:Ottoman Old Regime
4447:Byzantine Anatolia
4442:Classical Anatolia
4285:Traditional sports
4089:Kabardino-Balkaria
3709:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
2667:Diplomatic history
2579:Multi-party period
2529:Republic of Turkey
2305:Great Seljuk State
2295:Rashidun Caliphate
2080:Classical Anatolia
1698:Neolithic Anatolia
1583:Akmedrese Madrassa
1530:
1233:Kadi Burhan al-Din
996:
987:Battle of Köse Dağ
790:
788:
740:Beylik of Dulkadir
266:
238:, equivalent to a
149:Anadolu beylikleri
138:
9492:Anatolian beyliks
9479:
9478:
9471:Turkey portal
9455:
9454:
9451:
9450:
9430:Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey
9390:between 1361–1373
9388:Kingdom of Cyprus
9312:
9311:
9194:
9193:
9086:
9085:
8931:
8930:
8814:
8813:
8772:between 1300–1314
8653:
8652:
8546:
8545:
8419:
8418:
8188:
8187:
8041:
8040:
8003:between 1300–1368
7945:Kerimüddin Alişir
7917:
7916:
7812:
7811:
7668:
7667:
7505:
7504:
7422:, commander from
7392:
7391:
7213:
7212:
7134:Aydınoğlu Isa Bey
7021:
7020:
6901:
6900:
6736:
6735:
6575:
6574:
6566:Sökmen the Second
6560:Nureddin Muhammed
6361:
6360:
6318:Sökmen the Second
6312:Ahmed bin Ibrahim
6180:
6179:
6106:Anatolian beyliks
6095:
6094:
6077:Manuel Maurozomes
6067:Sa'd al-Din Köpek
6030:
6029:
6002:Haji Bektash Veli
5581:
5580:
5509:
5508:
5051:
5050:
4994:Foreign relations
4968:Political parties
4868:
4867:
4701:
4700:
4693:History of Thrace
4595:Atatürk's reforms
4486:Anatolian beyliks
4373:
4372:
4149:Old Turkic script
4137:
4136:
3948:Timeline 500–1300
3865:
3864:
3351:
3350:
3210:Kipchak languages
3165:Karamanli Turkish
2967:(limited preview)
2839:978-90-474-2497-0
2780:(limited preview)
2751:History of Turkey
2747:
2746:
2713:Turkey portal
2630:History of Thrace
2587:
2586:
2537:Periods of Turkey
2519:
2518:
2433:
2432:
2345:Anatolian beyliks
2271:Medieval Anatolia
2253:
2252:
2155:Kingdom of Pontus
2145:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2095:Achaemenid Empire
2062:
2061:
1935:
1934:
1708:
1707:
1453:
1452:
1433:(issued from the
1082:and the vicinity
1008:Duration of rule
974:
973:
845:(three branches)
802:Duration of rule
736:Beylik of Ramadan
724:Beylik of Karaman
672:Beylik of Karaman
272:victory over the
141:Anatolian beyliks
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
9519:
9469:
9468:
9467:
9318:
9317:
9200:
9199:
9092:
9091:
8937:
8936:
8904:Süleyman Pervâne
8861:Süleyman Pervâne
8820:
8819:
8659:
8658:
8634:(~1314 - ?)
8552:
8551:
8425:
8424:
8392:Sultanzâde Ishak
8350:Burhaneddin Musa
8304:Bedreddin Mahmut
8194:
8193:
8047:
8046:
7923:
7922:
7842:, regent to the
7818:
7817:
7797:Alâeddin Ali Bey
7674:
7673:
7511:
7510:
7398:
7397:
7219:
7218:
7027:
7026:
6907:
6906:
6742:
6741:
6691:Gazi Gümüshtigin
6581:
6580:
6525:Necmeddin Ilgazi
6367:
6366:
6346:Important works:
6186:
6185:
6114:
6113:
6101:
6100:
5971:
5970:
5760:Kilij Arslan III
5665:
5664:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5569:
5568:
5557:
5556:
5545:
5544:
5533:
5532:
5521:
5326:
5325:
5211:Cities and towns
5192:Turkish language
5147:Turkish Airlines
4963:Electoral system
4926:Council of State
4879:
4878:
4813:Waste management
4743:Black Sea Region
4721:
4712:
4711:
4666:Turkic migration
4612:One-party period
4481:Sultanate of Rum
4427:
4426:
4412:
4411:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4195:Tibetan Buddhism
4175:Turkic mythology
4056:Autonomous areas
4008:Sovereign states
4004:
4003:
3782:
3781:
3764:
3739:
3636:
3613:
3575:
3526:
3491:
3452:Crimean Karaites
3426:
3403:
3359:
3311:
3310:
3190:Khorasani Turkic
3044:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2977:
2965:
2929:
2923:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2870:
2864:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2777:
2756:Sultanate of Rum
2739:
2732:
2725:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2677:Cultural history
2662:Military history
2657:Economic history
2603:Turkic migration
2567:One-party period
2543:
2542:
2457:
2456:
2355:County of Edessa
2325:Sultanate of Rum
2287:Empire of Nicaea
2277:
2276:
2091:
2090:
2085:Classical Thrace
1950:
1949:
1787:Achaeans (Homer)
1723:
1722:
1690:c. 11,000–
1677:
1667:
1666:
1645:
1635:
1617:
1616:
1540:(Milet) (1404),
1534:İlyas Bey Mosque
999:
995:
808:Beylik of Smyrna
793:
789:
744:Mamluk Sultanate
709:Battle of Ankara
664:Beylik of Karasi
643:Sultanate of Rum
632:
630:
623:
621:
612:
610:
601:
599:
592:
590:
583:
581:
572:
570:
561:
559:
552:
550:
541:
539:
532:
530:
523:
521:
510:
508:
501:
499:
498:CHAGATAI KHANATE
492:
490:
483:
482:
475:
378:Byzantine Empire
349:Sultanate of Rum
331:Mongol invasions
274:Byzantine Empire
171:
169:[bejlic]
166:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Anatolian beylik
9527:
9526:
9522:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9482:
9481:
9480:
9475:
9465:
9463:
9447:
9438:(~1360 - ~1375)
9400:
9370:
9326:
9308:
9274:
9236:
9208:
9190:
9185:Nusreddin Ahmed
9167:
9136:
9100:
9082:
8999:
8978:
8945:
8927:
8892:
8876:
8873:
8828:
8810:
8807:(~1340 - ~1360)
8801:(~1320 - ~1340)
8795:(~1282 - ~1320)
8789:(~1261 - ~1282)
8775:
8703:
8667:
8649:
8628:(~1300 - ~1314)
8614:
8598:
8560:
8542:
8507:
8471:
8433:
8415:
8338:Fahreddin Ahmed
8274:
8202:
8184:
8137:
8098:
8055:
8037:
8008:
8001:Beylik of Lâdik
7969:
7931:
7913:
7884:
7858:
7826:
7808:
7773:
7722:
7682:
7664:
7593:
7557:
7519:
7501:
7480:(1309 - ?)
7466:
7445:
7406:
7388:
7359:
7318:
7267:
7227:
7209:
7163:the Thunderbolt
7139:
7104:
7067:
7035:
7017:
6994:Izzeddin Saltuk
6964:
6943:
6915:
6897:
6872:
6847:
6813:
6782:
6750:
6732:
6685:Danishmend Gazi
6673:
6622:
6603:Danishmend Gazi
6589:
6571:
6547:Harput Dynasty:
6542:
6513:
6490:
6434:
6375:
6357:
6341:
6300:Sökmen el Kutbi
6288:
6222:
6208:Sökmen el Kutbi
6194:
6176:
6150:
6122:
6108:
6091:
6026:
5985:
5962:
5918:Siege of Nicaea
5901:
5885:
5800:Kilij Arslan IV
5754:Süleymanshah II
5742:Kilij Arslan II
5706:
5659:
5617:
5612:
5582:
5577:
5505:
5324:
5320:Women in Turkey
5288:Law enforcement
5242:
5238:Life expectancy
5204:Islam in Turkey
5158:
5047:
5009:National Police
4977:
4932:
4864:
4855:Turkish Riviera
4762:
4719:
4718:
4697:
4654:
4621:
4600:Language reform
4571:
4490:
4451:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4357:
4316:
4280:
4163:
4133:
4050:
4031:Northern Cyprus
3995:
3981:Altai Mountains
3916:
3861:
3780:
3760:
3705:North Macedonia
3647:
3628:
3585:
3571:
3567:Siberian Tatars
3522:
3507:Khorasani Turks
3487:
3414:
3383:
3360:
3347:
3309:
3230:Ottoman Turkish
3150:Karachay-Balkar
3049:
3040:
3038:
3036:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2962:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2924:
2915:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2871:
2867:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2824:
2820:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2743:
2707:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2682:Genetic history
2597:
2589:
2588:
2572:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2520:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2245:Sasanian Empire
2205:Armenian Empire
2195:Parthian Empire
2175:Attalid kingdom
2135:Seleucid Empire
2089:
2074:
2064:
2063:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1747:Akkadian Empire
1720:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1702:c. 8,000–
1691:
1679:
1665:
1655:
1633:
1626:
1615:
1507:
1501:
1484:
1463:
1458:
1240:(replacing the
1122:(preceding the
979:
765:
760:
758:List of beyliks
707:in 1402 in the
652:
651:
650:
640:
634:
633:
628:
626:
624:
619:
617:
615:
613:
608:
606:
604:
602:
597:
595:
593:
588:
586:
584:
579:
577:
575:
573:
566:
564:
562:
557:
555:
553:
548:
546:
544:
542:
537:
535:
533:
528:
526:
524:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
506:
504:
502:
497:
495:
493:
488:
486:
484:
477:
395:Knights Templar
252:
164:
153:Ottoman Turkish
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9525:
9515:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9460:
9457:
9456:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9448:
9446:
9445:
9439:
9433:
9427:
9421:
9415:
9408:
9406:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9398:
9396:Teke Peninsula
9393:
9378:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9337:
9335:
9331:
9328:
9327:
9314:
9313:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9306:
9300:
9294:
9289:
9282:
9280:
9276:
9275:
9273:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9250:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9234:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9219:
9217:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9196:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9188:
9182:
9175:
9173:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9144:
9142:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9132:Afyonkarahisar
9129:
9127:
9124:
9111:
9109:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9088:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9074:
9068:
9062:
9056:
9050:
9044:
9038:
9032:
9026:
9020:
9014:
9007:
9005:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8933:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8907:
8900:
8898:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8884:
8882:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8874:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8816:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8802:
8796:
8790:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8773:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8716:Muğla Province
8711:
8709:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8701:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8678:
8676:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8655:
8654:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8641:
8635:
8629:
8622:
8620:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8606:
8604:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8596:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8548:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8515:
8513:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8444:
8442:
8438:
8435:
8434:
8421:
8420:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8413:
8407:
8401:
8395:
8389:
8383:
8377:
8371:
8365:
8359:
8353:
8347:
8341:
8335:
8325:
8319:
8313:
8307:
8301:
8295:
8289:
8282:
8280:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8252:
8247:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8213:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8190:
8189:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8182:
8176:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8152:
8145:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8106:
8104:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8066:
8064:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8043:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8029:
8023:
8016:
8014:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8006:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7977:
7975:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7967:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7942:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7919:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7905:
7899:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7866:
7864:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7837:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7814:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7800:
7794:
7788:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7766:
7764:Şebinkarahisar
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7720:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7693:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7670:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7656:
7650:
7644:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7608:
7601:
7599:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:Hasan Dulkadir
7530:
7528:
7524:
7521:
7520:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7474:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7453:
7451:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7371:Isfendiyar Bey
7367:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7333:
7332:(1309 - ~1340)
7326:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7224:Candaroğulları
7215:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7193:with intervals
7186:
7180:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7157:Ottoman Empire
7153:
7151:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6988:Ziyâüddin Gazi
6985:
6984:(1102 - ~1124)
6979:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6878:
6877:Divriği Branch
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6828:
6821:
6819:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6809:Şebinkarahisar
6806:
6801:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6724:
6718:
6712:
6706:
6700:
6694:
6688:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6563:
6557:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6534:
6528:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6505:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6333:
6327:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6110:
6109:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5977:
5975:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5877:
5867:
5857:
5847:
5837:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5812:Kaykhusraw III
5809:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5763:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5724:Kilij Arslan I
5721:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5588:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5563:
5551:
5539:
5527:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5437:Radio stations
5434:
5429:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5172:Turkish people
5168:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5137:Transportation
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4942:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:National parks
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4779:Climate change
4770:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4728:Marmara Region
4724:
4722:
4720:(west to east)
4709:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4635:
4633:Constitutional
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4523:
4521:Transformation
4518:
4517:
4516:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4496:Ottoman Empire
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4465:
4463:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4403:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Turkic Academy
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4240:Khalwati order
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Bektashi Order
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4099:Karakalpakstan
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:Altai Republic
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3965:Nomadic empire
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3733:Western Thrace
3639:
3638:
3637:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:Crimean Tatars
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Siberian Tatar
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2984:
2983:External links
2981:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2913:
2896:
2889:
2865:
2862:978-1597404761
2845:
2838:
2818:
2800:
2793:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:(1945–present)
2581:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2481:Transformation
2477:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:Roman Republic
2211:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2038:859–595/585 BC
2036:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:859–595/585 BC
1929:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:500,000–
1673:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1603:Ulucami Mosque
1597:and forming a
1568:Ulucami Mosque
1552:Ulucami Mosque
1514:İsa Bey Mosque
1500:
1497:
1483:
1480:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1438:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1406:Afyonkarahisar
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1342:
1339:Ottoman Empire
1331:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:Beylik's name
985:blow with the
978:
975:
972:
971:
968:
963:
957:
956:
953:
948:
942:
941:
938:
933:
927:
926:
923:
914:
908:
907:
904:
899:
893:
892:
889:
884:
878:
877:
874:
869:
863:
862:
859:
846:
839:
838:
835:
830:
819:
818:
815:
810:
804:
803:
800:
797:
796:Beylik's name
764:
761:
759:
756:
746:, and his son
726:was struck by
660:Sea of Marmara
636:
635:
470:
469:
468:
452:Candar dynasty
420:Ottoman Empire
363:Ghazi warriors
251:
248:
225:Ottoman Empire
201:, that of the
178:petty kingdoms
174:principalities
157:Tavâif-i mülûk
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9524:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9472:
9462:
9461:
9458:
9443:
9440:
9437:
9434:
9431:
9428:
9425:
9422:
9419:
9416:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9407:
9403:
9397:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9383:
9380:
9379:
9377:
9373:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9332:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9315:
9304:
9301:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9277:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9239:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9197:
9186:
9183:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9174:
9170:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9089:
9078:
9075:
9072:
9069:
9066:
9063:
9060:
9057:
9054:
9051:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9039:
9036:
9033:
9030:
9027:
9024:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8981:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8964:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8934:
8923:
8920:
8917:
8914:
8911:
8908:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8895:
8889:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8879:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8817:
8806:
8803:
8800:
8797:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8782:
8778:
8771:
8767:
8763:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8706:
8700:
8697:, later also
8696:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8656:
8645:
8642:
8639:
8636:
8633:
8630:
8627:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8617:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8605:
8601:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8549:
8538:
8535:
8532:
8529:
8526:
8523:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8510:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8422:
8411:
8408:
8405:
8402:
8399:
8396:
8393:
8390:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8378:
8375:
8372:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8336:
8333:
8329:
8326:
8323:
8320:
8317:
8314:
8311:
8308:
8305:
8302:
8299:
8296:
8293:
8290:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8277:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:successively
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8191:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8171:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8140:
8134:
8130:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8101:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8044:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8011:
8004:
8002:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7920:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7832:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7815:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7792:
7789:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7725:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7671:
7661:(1507- ~1525)
7660:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7560:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7518:(1348- ~1525)
7517:
7512:
7508:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7425:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7395:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7216:
7206:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7142:
7135:
7132:
7129:
7126:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7107:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7024:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6967:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6844:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6776:, later also
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6739:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6689:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6578:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6538:
6537:Necmeddin Alp
6535:
6532:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6121:(1081 - 1092)
6120:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6042:Gevher Nesibe
6040:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5881:
5878:
5876:) (1303–1307)
5875:
5871:
5868:
5866:) (1301–1303)
5865:
5861:
5858:
5856:) (1294–1301)
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:) (1293–1294)
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:) (1284–1293)
5835:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5788:Kaykhusraw II
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5772:) (1205–1211)
5771:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5609:
5604:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5574:
5573:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Air pollution
4806:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:Aegean Region
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4678:Turkification
4676:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4509:Classical Age
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4469:Seljuk Empire
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4367:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:Organizations
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4276:Vattisen Yaly
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:Bashkortostan
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3958:Turkification
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3574:
3573:Baraba Tatars
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Common Turkic
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3305:Western Yugur
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Crimean Tatar
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3010:
2996:on 2005-08-01
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2961:0-7914-0819-1
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2892:
2890:0-521-64221-3
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2796:
2794:90-6831-799-7
2790:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2688:
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2668:
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2660:
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2655:
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2648:
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2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:Turkification
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2489:
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2471:Classical Age
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2209:190 BC–428 AD
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2199:247 BC–224 AD
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2072:Classical Age
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1543:İsabey Mosque
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1027:
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1023:c. 1290–1362
1022:
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1005:Capital city
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946:Çubukoğulları
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799:Capital city
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261:Catalan Atlas
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92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
9444:(~1375–1390)
9426:(? - ?)
9386:lost to the
9385:
9097:Sahib Ataids
9049:(? - ?)
9043:(? - ?)
8787:Menteshe Bey
8760:temporarily
8714:present-day
8681:Menteshe Bey
8666:(~1261–1424)
8644:Süleyman Bey
8632:Murad Arslan
8559:(~1300–1368)
8537:Süleyman Bey
8362:Alâeddin Ali
8331:
8201:(~1250–1487)
8175:(? - ?)
8169:(? - ?)
8163:(? - ?)
8151:(~1280–1324)
8054:(~1280–1374)
7999:
7635:Melik Arslan
7492:(? - ?)
7486:(? - ?)
7429:clan of the
7312:
7226:(~1300–1461)
7192:
7130:(? - ?)
6990:(~1124–1132)
6825:Mengücek Bey
6764:Mengücek Bey
6721:Melik Ismail
6709:Melik Zünnun
6703:Melik Mehmed
6568:(? - ?)
6562:(? - ?)
6484:
6314:(? - ?)
6308:(? - ?)
6105:
6047:Gurju Khatun
5873:
5863:
5860:Kayqubad III
5853:
5843:
5840:Kayqubad III
5833:
5824:Kayqubad III
5769:
5766:Kaykhusraw I
5748:Kaykhusraw I
5570:
5558:
5546:
5534:
5522:
5407:Illumination
5343:Architecture
5271:Human rights
5259:Universities
5177:Ethnic Kurds
5164:Demographics
5075:Construction
4485:
4460:
4255:Qalandariyya
4230:Christianity
4041:Turkmenistan
3979: /
3970:Turco-Mongol
3409:Azerbaijanis
2998:. Retrieved
2994:the original
2972:
2947:
2925:
2899:
2875:
2868:
2853:
2848:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2784:
2775:
2687:LGBT history
2645:Christianity
2415:Kara Koyunlu
2385:Latin Empire
2344:
2263:Medieval Age
2235:Ancient Rome
2229:163 BC–72 AD
1964:Neo-Hittites
1877:Neo-Hittites
1861:1300–1250 BC
1841:1500–1290 BC
1831:1500–1300 BC
1821:1500–1320 BC
1811:1680–1220 BC
1801:1650–1450 BC
1791:1700–1300 BC
1781:1780–1680 BC
1771:1950–1750 BC
1761:2300–1400 BC
1751:2400–2150 BC
1741:2500–2000 BC
1602:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1499:Architecture
1485:
1464:
1401:Sahib Ataids
980:
826:
779:are listed.
766:
718:and his son
713:
653:
596:
567:
507:GOLDEN HORDE
428:Aegean coast
414:
399:
375:
357:
352:
338:
328:
323:
311:
307:
301:
297:
282:Oghuz Turkic
267:
259:
244:principality
235:
231:
229:
223:to form the
220:
203:
198:
196:
186:
184:governed by
160:
156:
140:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
9325:(1301–1423)
9305:(1388–1390)
9288:(1302–1345)
9286:Saruhan Bey
9222:Saruhan Bey
9207:(1302–1410)
9205:Sarukhanids
9187:(1288–1341)
9099:(1275–1341)
9067:(1511–1516)
9061:(1490–1511)
9031:(1417–1427)
9025:(1416–1417)
9023:Ibrahim Bey
9011:Ibrahim Bey
8959:Ramazan Bey
8944:(1352–1516)
8924:(1300–1326)
8918:(1296–1300)
8912:(1277–1296)
8906:(1261–1277)
8827:(1261–1322)
8825:Pervâneoğlu
8646:(1345–1368)
8640:(? - ~1360)
8539:(1345–1360)
8533:(1328–1345)
8527:(1328–1345)
8521:(1307–1328)
8432:(1303–1360)
8412:(1483–1487)
8406:(1469–1483)
8400:(1464–1469)
8388:(1424–1464)
8382:(1418–1424)
8370:(1398–1399)
8364:(1357–1398)
8358:(1356–1357)
8352:(1351–1356)
8346:(1350–1351)
8340:(1349–1350)
8334:(1348–1349)
8324:(1333–1348)
8318:(1312–1333)
8312:(1308–1312)
8306:(1300–1308)
8300:(1283–1300)
8294:(1261–1283)
8288:(1256–1261)
8157:(1324–1330)
8034:(1361–1387)
8028:(1340–1361)
8022:(1300–1340)
7930:(1300–1429)
7928:Germiyanids
7910:(1320–1326)
7904:(1302–1320)
7898:(1288–1302)
7825:(1288–1326)
7805:(1380–1381)
7799:(1365–1380)
7793:(1352–1365)
7787:(1328–1352)
7681:(1328–1381)
7655:(1492–1507)
7631:(1443–1454)
7625:(1396–1443)
7619:(1386–1396)
7613:(1348–1386)
7607:(1348–1348)
7516:Dulkadirids
7405:(1227–1309)
7385:(1443–1461)
7379:(1440–1443)
7373:(1385–1440)
7356:(1384–1392)
7350:(1361–1385)
7344:(1340–1361)
7338:(1340–1345)
7313:temporarily
7249:Oghuz Turks
7191:(1405–1425
7185:(1403–1405)
7179:(1402–1403)
7124:(1334–1348)
7118:(1307–1334)
7099:Sakız/Chios
7034:(1307–1425)
7014:(1200–1202)
7008:(1191–1200)
7002:(1168–1191)
6996:(1132–1168)
6978:(1072–1102)
6914:(1072–1202)
6843:Danishmends
6833:(1118–1120)
6827:(1071–1118)
6749:(1071–1277)
6747:Mengujekids
6729:(1175-1178)
6723:(1164–1175)
6717:(1143–1164)
6711:(1142–1143)
6705:(1134–1142)
6699:(1104–1134)
6693:(1084–1104)
6687:(1071–1084)
6588:(1071–1178)
6586:Danishmends
6556:(1112–1124)
6539:(1154–1176)
6533:(1122–1154)
6527:(1106–1122)
6510:(1104–1131)
6504:(1102–1104)
6353:Ahlat Tombs
6338:(1185–1207)
6332:(1193–1197)
6326:(1185–1193)
6320:(1128–1185)
6302:(1100–1112)
6193:(1100–1207)
6191:Shah-Armens
5820:(1282–1284)
5814:(1265–1282)
5808:(1249–1257)
5806:Kayqubad II
5802:(1248–1265)
5796:(1246–1260)
5790:(1237–1246)
5784:(1220–1237)
5778:(1211–1220)
5762:(1204–1205)
5756:(1196–1204)
5750:(1192–1196)
5744:(1156–1192)
5738:(1116–1156)
5732:(1107–1116)
5726:(1092–1107)
5720:(1077–1086)
5560:WikiProject
5491:Video games
5283:Individuals
5276:LGBT rights
5266:Health care
5233:Immigration
5014:Gendarmerie
4973:Referendums
4889:Legislative
4786:Earthquakes
4671:Oghuz Turks
4560:Dissolution
4245:Malamatiyya
3897:Pan-Turkism
3877:Grey Wolves
3842:Oghuz Turks
3762:Afghanistan
3547:Qarai Turks
3477:Karakalpaks
3245:Sakha/Yakut
3135:Fuyü Gïrgïs
3090:Azerbaijani
2976:(in German)
2971:Westermann
2608:Oghuz Turks
2573:(1930–1945)
2571:(1923–1930)
2561:(1920–1923)
2551:(1919–1922)
2515:(1908–1922)
2505:(1789–1908)
2495:(1703–1789)
2485:(1566–1703)
2475:(1453–1566)
2465:(1299–1453)
2443:Ottoman Era
2429:(1378–1501)
2419:(1375–1468)
2409:(1256–1335)
2399:(1250–1487)
2389:(1204–1261)
2379:(1204–1461)
2369:(1101–1409)
2359:(1098–1150)
2349:(1081–1423)
2339:(1078–1375)
2329:(1077–1307)
2319:(1071–1178)
2315:Danishmends
2309:(1037–1194)
2028:1000–545 BC
2018:1000–700 BC
2008:1000–560 BC
1998:1100–560 BC
1988:1150–547 BC
1978:1200–700 BC
1968:1200–800 BC
1958:1200–800 BC
1921:1000–545 BC
1911:1000–700 BC
1901:1150–547 BC
1891:1200–700 BC
1881:1200–800 BC
1871:1200–800 BC
1851:1450–350 BC
1837:Hayasa-Azzi
1731:3000–700 BC
1632:History of
1488:Ottoman art
1416:Sarukhanids
1337:(later the
1203:Germiyanids
1135:Dulkadirids
912:Mengujekids
823:Shah-Armens
410:Germiyanids
213:Oghuz Turks
197:One of the
9486:Categories
9303:Hızır Shah
9065:Hahmud Bey
9047:Dündar Bey
9035:Mehmed Bey
8965:Oghuz clan
8942:Ramadanids
8766:Güzelhisar
8519:Karesi Bey
8457:Karesi Bey
8386:Ibrahim II
8199:Karamanids
8181:(? - 1391)
7996:Yenicekent
7991:Yenicekent
7785:Eretna Bey
7696:Eretna Bey
7641:Shah Budak
7498:(? - 1309)
7247:branch of
7006:Mama Hatun
6976:Saltuk Bey
6929:Saltuk Bey
6446:Diyarbakır
6057:Baba Ishak
5890:Chronology
5794:Kaykaus II
5782:Kayqubad I
5718:Suleyman I
5641:Suleyman I
5432:Newspapers
5417:Literature
5397:Folk dance
5298:Corruption
5182:Minorities
5110:Renewables
5065:Automotive
4874:Government
4605:Secularism
4225:Burkhanism
4190:Aiyy Faith
4109:Nakhchivan
4046:Uzbekistan
4026:Kyrgyzstan
4021:Kazakhstan
4016:Azerbaijan
3887:Burkhanism
3713:Montenegro
3677:Dodecanese
3338:Old Uyghur
3323:Old Turkic
3225:Old Turkic
3160:Karakalpak
3000:2005-07-18
2767:References
2491:Old Regime
2425:Ak Koyunlu
2395:Karamanids
2179:282–129 BC
2129:306–168 BC
2125:Antigonids
2119:322–130 BC
2109:334–301 BC
2099:559–331 BC
2058:685–547 BC
2048:678–549 BC
1797:Kizzuwatna
1718:Bronze Age
1653:Prehistory
1599:monumental
1560:courtyards
1449:1321–1423
1425:1300–1410
1410:1275–1341
1395:1352–1608
1386:Ramadanids
1380:1277–1322
1365:1299–1922
1335:Ottomanids
1329:1261–1424
1314:1262–1391
1294:1296–1357
1267:1250–1487
1253:Karamanids
1247:1381–1398
1227:1300–1391
1212:1300–1429
1197:1285–1326
1182:1379–1410
1167:1335–1390
1148:1348–1522
1129:1211–1309
1109:1291–1461
1065:1300–1425
1040:Karamanids
970:1071–1098
955:1085–1112
940:1072–1202
925:1072–1277
906:1095–1183
902:Diyarbekir
891:1085–1398
882:Dilmaçoğlu
876:1071–1178
867:Danishmend
861:1102–1409
837:1110–1207
817:1081–1098
701:Hungarians
693:Byzantines
689:Aq Qoyunlu
520:GREAT KHAN
406:Karamanids
387:Byzantines
382:Asia Minor
211:branch of
80:newspapers
9366:Korkuteli
9340:Hamidoğlu
9334:Ancestors
9254:Kemalpaşa
9077:Kubad Bey
9071:Selim Bey
9041:Eyluk Bey
9029:Hamza Bey
9017:Ahmed Bey
8626:Inanç Bey
8584:Inanç Bey
8531:Yahşı Han
8525:Demir Han
8467:Balıkesir
8344:Şemseddin
8332:2nd reign
8310:Yahşı Han
8216:Nure Sûfi
8125:Korkuteli
8070:Ilyas Bey
8063:Ancestors
7823:Eshrefids
7704:Timurtash
7484:Alp Yürek
7457:Kastamonu
7441:Kastamonu
7403:Chobanids
7263:Kastamonu
7173:Tamerlane
7166:1402–1414
7161:Bayezid I
6912:Saltukids
6836:1120–1142
6715:Yağıbasan
6697:Emir Gazi
6664:Kastamonu
6554:Belek Bey
6451:Hasankeyf
6422:Hasankeyf
6383:Ancestors
6374:(1102 - )
6249:Adilcevaz
6239:Malazgirt
6052:Sâhib Ata
5880:Mesud III
5874:4th reign
5864:3rd reign
5854:3rd reign
5844:2nd reign
5834:2nd reign
5776:Kaykaus I
5770:2nd reign
5730:Melikshah
5631:Qutalmish
5486:TV series
5444:Miniature
5387:Festivals
5303:Terrorism
5254:Education
5187:Languages
5031:Air Force
4946:Elections
4894:Executive
4840:Mountains
4707:Geography
4626:Overviews
4565:Partition
4531:Tulip era
4271:Zahediyeh
4266:Safaviyya
4215:Bayramiye
4210:Batiniyya
4185:Shamanism
4168:Religions
4159:Turkology
4119:Tatarstan
4104:Khakassia
4074:Chuvashia
4000:Locations
3977:Tian Shan
3953:Migration
3928:Turkestan
3911:Hungarian
3902:Turkesism
3599:Kryashens
3587:Astrakhan
3512:Krymchaks
3472:Karachays
3393:Telengits
3389:Kumandins
3315:Alphabets
3145:Ili Turki
3055:Languages
2405:Ilkhanate
2299:(637–656)
2225:Commagene
2219:133–27 BC
2189:281–64 BC
2169:297–74 BC
2159:302–64 BC
2149:305–30 BC
2139:305–64 BC
1680:10,000 BC
1576:Hatuniye
1445:Korkuteli
1371:Pervâneid
1290:Çanakkale
1282:Balıkesir
1188:Eshrefids
1120:Kastamonu
1115:Chobanids
1101:Kastamonu
931:Saltukids
849:Hasankeyf
775:based in
728:Mehmed II
705:Tamerlane
647:Ilkhanate
629:MAJAPAHIT
609:SULTANATE
549:SULTANATE
529:ILKHANATE
460:Kastamonu
456:Black Sea
415:Osmanoğlu
371:Byzantine
335:Ilkhanate
329:However,
230:The word
204:Osmanoğlu
110:June 2010
9420:(?-1327)
9414:(1301-?)
9405:Dynasty:
9355:Capitals
9158:Sandıklı
9153:Beyşehir
9079:(1517-?)
9055:(?-1490)
9053:Omer Bey
9037:(1427-?)
9019:(?-1416)
9013:(1344-?)
9004:Dynasty:
8968:Capitals
8897:Dynasty:
8836:Ancestor
8780:Dynasty:
8751:Bozdoğan
8741:Acıpayam
8685:Capitals
8664:Menteshe
8619:Dynasty:
8568:Ancestor
8512:Dynasty:
8483:Aydıncık
8441:Ancestor
8430:Karasids
8292:Mehmet I
8279:Dynasty:
8238:Capitals
8210:Ancestor
8142:Dynasty:
8120:Gölhisar
8115:Uluborlu
8052:Hamidids
8013:Dynasty:
7939:Ancestor
7889:Dynasty:
7880:Bolvadin
7870:Beyşehir
7854:Beyşehir
7778:Dynasty:
7759:Erzincan
7716:, later
7700:Ilkhanid
7679:Eretnids
7647:Şahsuvar
7643:(?-1492)
7617:Sûli Bey
7598:Dynasty:
7553:Elbistan
7527:Ancestor
7471:Dynasty:
7462:Taşköprü
7323:Dynasty:
7205:Murad II
7136:(- 1390)
7122:Umur Beg
7109:Dynasty:
7089:Alaşehir
7061:, later
7053:Capitals
7032:Aydinids
6969:Dynasty:
6818:Dynasty:
6794:Erzincan
6774:Erzincan
6768:Capitals
6678:Dynasty:
6607:Capitals
6415:Capitals
6372:Artuqids
6330:Aksungur
6293:Dynasty:
6259:Eleşkirt
6022:Ibn Bibi
5870:Mesud II
5850:Mesud II
5830:Mesud II
5818:Mesud II
5625:Ancestor
5536:Category
5474:Football
5459:Painting
5402:Folklore
5310:Marriage
5216:Istanbul
5199:Religion
5152:Railways
5142:Aviation
5080:Currency
4938:Politics
4906:Judicial
4882:Branches
4860:Wildlife
4650:Military
4638:Economic
4543:Tanzimat
4235:Hurufism
4180:Tengrism
4129:Xinjiang
4084:Gagauzia
3933:Mongolia
3907:Turanism
3882:Kemalism
3870:Politics
3832:Kipchaks
3812:Göktürks
3807:Dughlats
3661:Bulgaria
3649:Abkhazia
3624:Turkmens
3607:Nağaybäk
3437:Bashkirs
3401:Tubalars
3385:Chelkans
3379:Altaians
3333:Cyrillic
3235:Pecheneg
3200:Krymchak
3105:Chagatai
3078:Southern
3073:Northern
2905:republic
2699:Timeline
2635:Religion
2596:By topic
2365:Artuqids
2165:Bithynia
2014:Tuwanuwa
1945:Iron Age
1907:Tuwanuwa
1807:Hittites
1737:Hattians
1704:5,500 BC
1692:9,000 BC
1623:a series
1621:Part of
1613:See also
1578:Madrassa
1574:(1302),
1564:minarets
1550:(1375),
1528:in 1375.
1526:Aydınids
1461:Language
1443:, later
1435:Hamidids
1361:Istanbul
1353:Dimetoka
1347:, later
1304:Inanjids
1284:, later
1273:Karasids
1242:Eretnids
1218:Hamidids
1193:Beyşehir
1178:Erzincan
1173:Erzincan
1161:, later
1154:Eretnids
1142:, later
1140:Elbistan
1099:, later
1054:, later
1047:Aydinids
966:Alaşehir
919:, later
917:Erzincan
897:İnaloğlu
843:Artuqids
738:and the
720:Murad II
716:Mehmed I
680:Anatolia
676:Ottomans
408:and the
320:margrave
182:Anatolia
9382:Antalya
9361:Antalya
9345:Founder
9342:dynasty
9299:(-1388)
9279:Dynasty
9270:Menemen
9260:Akhisar
9248:Demirci
9226:Capital
9216:Founder
9172:Dynasty
9163:Denizli
9148:Akşehir
9126:Capital
9120:of the
9108:Founder
8963:Yüreğir
8953:Founder
8865:Capital
8855:Founder
8848:of the
8805:Ibrahim
8768:, also
8675:Founder
8610:Denizli
8594:Denizli
8588:Capital
8578:Founder
8498:Bigadiç
8493:Edremit
8488:Bergama
8461:Capital
8451:Founder
8259:Karaman
8255:Larende
8250:Ermenek
8228:Founder
8129:Antalya
8110:Eğirdir
8094:Isparta
8088:Capital
8078:Founder
7965:Kütahya
7959:Capital
7949:Founder
7875:Akşehir
7848:Capital
7834:Founder
7739:Kayseri
7718:Kayseri
7708:Capital
7690:Founder
7584:Kayseri
7574:Malatya
7547:Capital
7537:Founder
7435:Capital
7414:Founder
7294:Kalecik
7289:Çankırı
7257:Capital
7235:Founder
7063:Ayasluğ
7043:Founder
6955:Erzurum
6939:Erzurum
6933:Capital
6923:Founder
6799:Divriği
6778:Divriği
6758:Founder
6649:Kayseri
6644:Malatya
6597:Founder
6405:Founder
6400:Türkmen
6392:, from
6254:Başkale
6212:Capital
6202:Founder
6162:Ephesus
6140:Capital
6136:Tzachas
6130:Founder
6119:Tzachas
5967:Culture
5736:Mesud I
5711:Dynasty
5702:Antalya
5691:Malatya
5680:Kayseri
5653:, then
5645:Capital
5635:Founder
5572:Outline
5548:Commons
5481:Theater
5464:Pottery
5380:Ottoman
5375:Cuisine
5353:Ottoman
5330:Culture
5315:Poverty
5247:Society
5132:Tourism
5085:Defense
5057:Economy
4899:Cabinet
4830:Geology
4774:Climate
4716:Regions
4643:Ottoman
4461:Beyliks
4457:Seljuks
4422:History
4312:Chovgan
4292:Kyz kuu
4205:Alevism
4142:Studies
3938:History
3921:Origins
3852:Türgesh
3822:Khazars
3817:Karluks
3797:Bulgars
3772:(Sakha)
3750:Uyghurs
3729:Tunisia
3717:Romania
3697:Lebanon
3665:Croatia
3653:Algeria
3642:Turkish
3634:Iranian
3619:Tofalar
3591:Chinese
3552:Qashqai
3537:Naimans
3482:Kazakhs
3462:Dolgans
3447:Chuvash
3442:Chulyms
3432:Balkars
3424:Georgia
3420:Armenia
3397:Teleuts
3374:Afshars
3366:Peoples
3343:Persian
3280:Turkmen
3275:Turkish
3240:Qashqai
3195:Kipchak
3115:Chuvash
3095:Bashkir
2954:Press.
2936:Sources
2650:Judaism
2185:Galatia
2004:Aeolis
1974:Phrygia
1954:Diauehi
1887:Phrygia
1867:Diauehi
1827:Mitanni
1777:Kussara
1767:Assyria
1757:Luwians
1572:Ermenek
1492:Seljuks
1476:Ottoman
1472:Turkish
1468:Persian
1456:Society
1441:Antalya
1320:Menteşe
1310:Denizli
1286:Bergama
1262:Karaman
1258:Larende
1223:Eğirdir
1208:Kütahya
1163:Kayseri
1124:Candars
1103:, last
1085:?–1460
1056:Ayasluğ
936:Erzurum
921:Divriği
732:Selim I
697:Pontics
685:Mamluks
668:Rumelia
656:Osman I
598:BEYLIKS
558:YADAVAS
538:GEORGIA
444:Menteşe
436:Saruhan
391:Genoese
376:As the
358:atabegs
347:to the
345:vassals
316:marches
308:uj begi
300:called
276:at the
250:History
221:beyliks
207:of the
199:beyliks
145:Turkish
94:scholar
9265:Gördes
9232:Manisa
9118:vizier
8995:Tarsus
8846:vizier
8770:Rhodes
8736:Çameli
8726:Finike
8394:(1464)
8298:Güneri
8245:Ereğli
8220:Afshar
7769:Niksar
7754:Amasya
7579:Harput
7309:Samsun
7284:Eflani
7159:under
7144:Events
6960:Tercan
6669:Ankara
6659:Amasya
6639:Niksar
6618:Niksar
6481:Aleppo
6471:Harput
6466:Midyat
6461:Mardin
6456:Silvan
6430:Harput
6426:Mardin
6274:Bitlis
6269:Tatvan
6234:Silvan
6167:Lesbos
6146:İzmir
5959:(1277)
5953:(1243)
5942:(1176)
5936:(1148)
5920:(1097)
5882:(1307)
5826:(1284)
5697:Alanya
5693:(1178)
5687:(1175)
5524:Portal
5469:Sports
5370:Cinema
5365:Carpet
5348:Seljuk
5338:Anthem
5221:Ankara
5090:Energy
4982:Topics
4850:Rivers
4767:Topics
4659:Topics
4414:Turkey
4302:Kokpar
4297:Jereed
4260:Rifaʽi
4250:Qadiri
4079:Crimea
4036:Turkey
3986:Otuken
3847:Shatuo
3837:K'o-sa
3802:Cumans
3792:Bulaqs
3776:Yugurs
3770:Yakuts
3755:Uzbeks
3745:Tuvans
3721:Serbia
3693:Kosovo
3689:Israel
3673:Cyprus
3630:Afghan
3603:Mishar
3581:Tatars
3542:Nogais
3532:Kumyks
3517:Kyrgyz
3502:Khalaj
3497:Khakas
3467:Gagauz
3295:Uyghur
3215:Kyrgyz
3185:Khazar
3180:Khalaj
3175:Khakas
3170:Kazakh
3155:Karaim
3140:Gagauz
3130:Dolgan
3110:Chulym
3100:Bulgar
3063:Afshar
3048:topics
3046:Turkic
2958:
2909:Ahiler
2887:
2860:
2836:
2791:
2034:Urartu
1994:Doris
1927:Urartu
1857:Assuwa
1817:Arzawa
1634:Turkey
1625:on the
1607:Manisa
1548:Selçuk
1518:Selçuk
1421:Manisa
1357:Edirne
1277:Karası
1097:Eflani
1091:Candar
1080:Amasya
1076:Samsun
1060:Selçuk
1034:Alanya
1029:Alaiye
1019:Ankara
1014:Ahiler
991:Turkic
983:Mongol
951:Harput
887:Bitlis
857:Harput
853:Mardin
607:MAMLUK
568:Tungus
518:OF THE
516:EMPIRE
450:. The
446:, and
432:Karasi
402:Aegean
393:, the
389:, the
367:mullah
303:uç bey
288:. The
286:Turkey
270:Seljuk
232:beylik
161:Beylik
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
9432:(?-?)
9252:Nif (
9073:(?-?)
8990:Adana
8974:Adana
8961:from
8888:Sinop
8871:Sinop
8799:Orhan
8793:Mesut
8762:Aydın
8746:Tavas
8721:Muğla
8699:Balat
8695:Milas
8691:Beçin
8557:Ladik
8503:Ezine
8404:Kasım
8265:Konya
8223:Oghuz
8218:from
7986:Simav
7749:Tokat
7744:Niğde
7734:Sivas
7714:Sivas
7649:(?-?)
7637:(?-?)
7589:Antep
7569:Maraş
7427:Oghuz
7299:Tosya
7279:Sinop
7094:Aydın
7084:İzmir
7059:Birgi
6893:Abaka
6804:Kemah
6654:Tokat
6634:Sivas
6613:Sivas
6397:Oghuz
6394:Döğer
6390:Artuk
6244:Erciş
6218:Ahlat
6172:Chios
5685:Sivas
5675:Konya
5655:Konya
5651:İznik
5454:Names
5449:Music
5422:Media
5293:Crime
5226:İzmir
4835:Lakes
4820:Fauna
4307:Jigit
4200:Islam
4114:Sakha
3892:Jadid
3827:Kimek
3737:Yemen
3725:Syria
3701:Libya
3681:Egypt
3669:Crete
3611:Volga
3595:Lipka
3562:Shors
3557:Salar
3524:China
3489:China
3300:Uzbek
3285:Tuvan
3265:Tatar
3250:Salar
3220:Nogai
3205:Kumyk
3125:Cuman
3068:Altai
2761:Taifa
2640:Islam
2054:Lydia
2024:Ionia
1984:Caria
1917:Ionia
1897:Caria
1847:Lycia
1587:Niğde
1556:Birgi
1538:Balat
1522:İzmir
1520:near
1478:era.
1391:Adana
1376:Sinop
1349:Bursa
1345:Söğüt
1325:Milas
1300:Ladik
1238:Sivas
1159:Sivas
1144:Maraş
1105:Sinop
1071:Canik
1052:Birgi
872:Sivas
833:Ahlat
813:İzmir
777:Konya
589:KHMER
580:SAING
578:MYIN-
547:DELHI
464:Sinop
440:Aydin
424:Söğüt
294:Konya
240:duchy
217:Bursa
180:) in
101:JSTOR
87:books
9323:Teke
8764:and
8756:Çine
8225:clan
8127:and
7424:Kayı
7304:Araç
7245:Kayı
7198:1425
7150:1390
7079:Tire
6886:1277
6861:1228
6476:Palu
6428:and
6402:clan
6284:Hani
5997:Rumi
5974:Arts
5496:Wine
5392:Flag
5095:Coal
5041:Navy
5036:Land
4504:Rise
4459:and
4124:Tuva
3991:Oğuz
3857:Uzes
3685:Iraq
3416:Iran
3290:Urum
3270:Tofa
3255:Shor
3085:Äynu
2956:ISBN
2885:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2834:ISBN
2789:ISBN
2461:Rise
1727:Troy
1595:dome
1562:and
1431:Teke
1359:and
1288:and
699:and
620:RYEO
489:1300
462:and
448:Teke
353:beys
340:beys
324:beys
298:beys
209:Kayı
187:beys
176:(or
73:news
8731:Kaş
8270:Mut
7175:to
6279:Muş
6264:Van
5360:Art
5105:Oil
5100:Gas
3759:in
3646:in
3521:in
3486:in
3413:in
1605:in
1585:in
1570:in
1554:at
1546:at
1536:at
1516:in
1482:Art
618:GO-
306:or
242:or
236:bey
56:by
9488::
9116:,
8330:,
6424:,
5427:TV
3735:,
3731:,
3727:,
3723:,
3719:,
3715:,
3711:,
3707:,
3703:,
3699:,
3695:,
3691:,
3687:,
3683:,
3679:,
3675:,
3671:,
3667:,
3663:,
3659:,
3655:,
3651:,
3632:,
3609:,
3605:,
3601:,
3597:,
3593:,
3589:,
3422:,
3418:,
3399:,
3395:,
3391:,
3387:,
2950:.
2916:^
2883:.
2879:.
2811:.
1676:c.
1437:)
1355:,
1351:,
1341:)
1264:)
1244:)
1126:)
1078:,
1062:)
855:,
851:,
829:)
754:.
711:.
695:,
687:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
312:uç
163:;
159:,
155::
151:,
147::
9392:)
9384:(
9256:)
8852:)
8844:(
8261:)
8257:(
8005:)
7998:(
7315:)
7311:(
7195:)
6487:)
6483:(
5872:(
5862:(
5852:(
5842:(
5832:(
5768:(
5607:e
5600:t
5593:v
4399:e
4392:t
4385:v
4368:.
4262:*
3913:)
3909:(
3031:e
3024:t
3017:v
3003:.
2964:.
2893:.
2842:.
2815:.
2797:.
2738:e
2731:t
2724:v
2289:)
1275:/
1260:(
1058:(
825:(
649:.
143:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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