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277:, including many celebrities from the Paris theatre world. After stopping to fill the car with gas, the King starts it and, from inexperience, accidentally runs it backward over a policeman, who is squashed flat as a pancake. The King starts inflating him with a pump, and then, to save time, lets other onlookers finish the job while he drives off. The onlookers set to the work with gusto, so much so that the overinflated policeman ends up exploding.
495:
321:, who was famous for driving, and often crashing, fast cars. In the stage-screen amalgamation devised by Méliès and de Cottens, the segment began as a sketch with live performers before continuing as a film; at the end of the film, the actor playing the King, as well as other actors playing cheering spectators, returned to the stage to finish the sketch live.
244:
243:
241:
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328:, a London-born singer and comedian who was one of the stars of the Folies Bergère at the time, played the lead role of King Leopold. Louis Maurel, a Paris singer and comedian who had worked with Fragson in the 1903 Folies Bergère revue, was the chauffeur. In the scene in front of the Paris Opera, the celebrities assembled include
242:
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tax, but the car keeps its course and runs headlong into one of the officials, who explodes in his turn. The car wends its way across the
Mediterranean coast, overturning a fruit stand, crashing through a greenhouse, colliding with a tar wagon (with another explosion ensuing), and, finally, arriving
490:
were advertised instead of the French catalogue's twelve, although no scenes were removed. (The two prints of the film surviving in the Méliès family's archive, the Cinémathèque Méliès, use the French ordering of the scenes.) Another discrepancy between the French and
American catalogues occurs for
530:
Portions of at least three prints of the film survive: a complete nitrate print with the car sometimes painted red, given to Méliès's granddaughter
Madeleine Malthête-Méliès by an American collector; an incomplete hand-colored nitrate print, bought by Malthête-Méliès from a Belgian collector; and
316:
revue, the director Victor de
Cottens approached Méliès—then at the height of his fame as a filmmaker—with the idea of combining theatre and cinema by presenting a short film as one of the fourteen segments of the stage production. The two directors worked out a scenario that would parody the
458:
of the Folies Bergère revue on 31 December 1904. It ran for six months at the Folies Bergère, lasting more than 300 performances. Méliès also intended for the film to be shown by exhibitors elsewhere, outside the context of the revue. Thus, after its Folies Bergère run, it was released as a
491:
political reasons: the
American catalog specifies that the protagonist is King Leopold, but the French one keeps the identity anonymous, so as not to offend Belgian audiences. Similarly, the Alps in the film are named as such in the American catalog but are unnamed in the French one.
293:
at the grandstand of spectators awaiting them at Monte Carlo. The car is now going at such speed that, rather than stopping in front of the grandstand, it somersaults up the stairs and crashes to earth. The King and chauffeur, unharmed by their adventurous race, are greeted warmly.
385:, played the plump lady in the Dijon scene, and the Folies Bergère entertainers Blondet and Raiter also made appearances. Méliès himself plays two roles in the film: a mailman who gets knocked over by the car, and the octroi official who explodes. Méliès also cast more
520:
However, the venture was not as profitable as Méliès had expected; the high costs of the lavish hand-colored film put it out of the reach of many fairground exhibitors. These financial difficulties, which continued with Méliès's similarly spectacular film
227:
versions, was a popular and critical success both in France and in
America. However, the film's high production values made it too expensive for many exhibitors, one of several factors that sent Méliès's career into decline.
222:
used to frame the filmed sequence. After this version premiered on 31 December 1904, Méliès adapted the film to be a standalone release for general distribution in 1905. The lavish film, available in both black-and-white and
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246:
427:
outside the Opera House, were painted studio sets, as was Méliès's custom. However, the last scene, showing the arrival at Monte Carlo, was filmed not in the studio but outdoors in Méliès's garden.
396:, who spread tar over a small part of the gravel road to Monaco. This experiment, widely reported by the press, successfully eliminated the dust clouds kicked up by cars on gravel and sand roads.
389:
in the film than was usual for him, sometimes staging them in layered arrangements for visual clarity, and sometimes letting them move at whim to create more disorganized, naturalistic groupings.
269:
ride between the two cities. He happens upon an automobile maker who claims his car can make the distance in just two hours. The King agrees and sets off in the car, with the auto maker acting as
486:. In the American release, the scenes were slightly rearranged: the first and second scenes were switched in order, as were the sixth and seventh. In addition, because of a renumbering, ten
392:
In addition to the parody of King
Leopold II, Méliès's scenario for the film features another topical element: the scene with the tar wagon is based on the experiments of
2018:
535:. In his book-length study of Méliès, the film historian John Frazer spoke highly of the film, noting its careful use of continuity of direction and comparing it to
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concurred, reporting that the film "scored an instant success. Nothing funnier has been seen here in many a day. ... The thing is a scream."
919:
Essai de reconstitution du catalogue français de la Star-Film; suivi d'une analyse catalographique des films de
Georges Méliès recensés en France
3254:
1969:
1242:
1219:
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332:, a singer at the opera house; the short actor Little Pich, whose persona was a close imitation of the better-known British comedian
547:
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3259:
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808:
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467:. As with at least four percent of Méliès's output, the film was available both in black-and-white and in individually
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was one of Méliès's most successful films, and ran to acclaim at the Folies Bergère for six months. A notice in
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2647:
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921:, Bois d'Arcy: Service des archives du film du Centre national de la cinématographie, 1981, pp. 226–229,
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1944:
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1962:
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in Paris since the 1880s and who acted in several Méliès films; Jane Yvon, a Folies Bergère entertainer;
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1508:
1452:
1438:
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588:, some details for this plot summary are based on the synopsis offered in Méliès's American catalogue.
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2004:
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Georges Méliès, l'illusionniste fin de siècle?: actes du colloque de Cerisy-la-Salle, 13-22 août 1996
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showing the car were filmed with a miniature car and a landscape rolling past it, creating a
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said that the film "is very clever, and keeps the audience in continuous good humor".
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as an innovative Folies Bergère act combining stage performance and film, with a live
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284:, leaping between mountains and knocking over a postman as it goes. At the gates of
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1983:
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30:
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2127:
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184:, features the King engaging in a manic, implausibly fast automobile ride from
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effect. Most scenes, including the detailed and faithful recreation of the
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stars as the King, supported by a large cast of stage performers from the
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709:"'Half Real-Half Reel': Alternation Format Stage-and-Screen Hybrids"
463:
and numbered 740–749 in its catalogues, where it is advertised as a
219:
215:
711:, in Gaudreault, André; Dulac, Nicolas; Hidalgo, Santiago (eds.),
527:
the following year, helped hasten the decline of Méliès's career.
203:
and other venues, with two cameo appearances from Méliès himself.
1197:
313:
200:
875:, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 43, 47,
872:
French Film Theory and
Criticism: A History/Anthology, 1907–1939
494:
289:
180:. The film, a spoof of the devil-may-care motoring exploits of
126:
1020:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 74.
285:
258:
185:
360:
281:
960:
Artificially
Arranged Scenes: The Films of Georges Méliès
206:
Méliès, working in collaboration with the stage director
2019:
Gulliver's Travels Among the Lilliputians and the Giants
1128:, Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 19,
474:
The film was also released in the United States, by the
280:
The car speeds over the French countryside and into the
659:
Complete Catalogue of Genuine and Original "Star" Films
482:
showed it at the Aerial Gardens, on the rooftop of the
344:; the tall actor Antonich, known as the "Giant Swede";
324:
Méliès drew the cast of the film from various sources.
1040:
623:, Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne nouvelle, p. 35,
539:'s slapstick comedies and to the 1968 automobile film
1094:
Mad, Bad and Dangerous?: The Scientist and the Cinema
288:, town officials try to stop the car to enforce the
2265:
A Wager Between Two Magicians, or Jealous of Myself
2507:The Inventor Crazybrains and His Wonderful Airship
2655:The Eclipse, or the Courtship of the Sun and Moon
1017:Moving Color: Early Film, Mass Culture, Modernism
849:, Paris: Éditions de La Martinière, p. 187,
783:Georges Méliès et les professionnels de son temps
3221:
962:, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., pp. 160–2,
679:Paris palaces ou le temps des cinémas: 1894–1918
265:, but does not have time for the seventeen-hour
1125:The Ciné Goes to Town: French Cinema, 1896–1914
844:
273:. A large crowd sees them off from outside the
990:, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, p.
551:, in 1908; it was also received with success.
545:. Méliès made another film in a similar vein,
399:The film's special effects were created using
1213:
806:
616:
35:American newspaper advertisement for the film
845:Malthête, Jacques; Mannoni, Laurent (2008),
2995:Tribulation or the Misfortunes of a Cobbler
1086:
1084:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
533:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
305:Frame from a hand-colored print of the film
2967:The Good Shepherdess and the Evil Princess
1548:Divers at Work on the Wreck of the "Maine"
1220:
1206:
750:British Music Hall: An Illustrated History
29:
1337:Conjurer Making Ten Hats in Sixty Seconds
1041:Kleine Optical Company (26 August 1905),
988:World Film Directors: Volume I, 1890–1945
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
753:, Havertown: Pen and Sword, p. 129,
617:Malthête, Jacques; Marie, Michel (1997),
411:, and the editing technique known as the
1090:
1081:
1061:"At This Theater: New Amsterdam Theatre"
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
894:
813:Du Temps des cerises aux Feuilles mortes
779:
715:, Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 368,
636:
573:Le Raid Paris–Monte Carlo en deux heures
493:
434:
430:
300:
238:
163:Le Raid Paris–Monte Carlo en deux heures
1970:The Catastrophe of the Balloon "Le Pax"
1117:
1115:
1113:
807:Dubé, Paul; Marchioro, Jacques (2013),
702:
700:
698:
671:
669:
662:, New York: Geo. Méliès, pp. 82–87
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
569:Le Raid Paris–Monte Carlo en automobile
465:grande course fantastique funambulesque
157:Le Raid Paris–Monte Carlo en automobile
3222:
1323:Arrival of a Train (Joinville Station)
1013:
957:
942:
862:
655:
367:, who also appeared in Méliès's films
1201:
981:
900:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
746:
734:
706:
682:, Paris: CNRS Editions, p. 107,
675:
1121:
1110:
868:
789:, Université de Lyon, pp. 41–42
775:
773:
771:
769:
695:
666:
601:
584:Since the film is silent and has no
548:Le Raid New York–Paris en automobile
3105:The Voyage of the Bourrichon Family
2669:Shakespeare Writing "Julius Caesar"
476:New York branch of Méliès's company
13:
2820:Mishaps of the New York–Paris Race
2757:Long Distance Wireless Photography
1227:
825:
14:
3291:
2539:The Tramp and the Mattress Makers
1180:
766:
336:, and who also acted in films by
3255:Films directed by Georges Méliès
3202:
3201:
2841:The Mischances of a Photographer
2451:The Palace of the Arabian Nights
2328:Tchin-Chao, the Chinese Conjurer
2307:The Imperceptible Transmutations
2233:The Terrible Turkish Executioner
2198:Alcofrisbas, the Master Magician
1864:What Is Home Without the Boarder
1481:The Laboratory of Mephistopheles
1097:, London: Reaktion, p. 51,
1043:"An Adventurous Automobile Trip"
571:in Méliès's 1905 catalogue, and
3091:Cinderella or the Glass Slipper
2500:The Scheming Gambler's Paradise
2314:A Miracle Under the Inquisition
2272:Every Man His Own Cigar Lighter
1850:Going to Bed Under Difficulties
1604:The Temptation of Saint Anthony
1156:
1141:
1053:
1034:
1007:
975:
888:
800:
747:Baker, Richard Anthony (2014),
471:prints sold at a higher price.
3270:French fantasy adventure films
2648:Tunnelling the English Channel
2472:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
1759:The Misfortunes of an Explorer
1188:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
1164:"Leopold's Auto Trip a Scream"
1091:Frayling, Christopher (2005),
740:
728:
578:
561:
503:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
452:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
445:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
376:Tunnelling the English Channel
251:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
212:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
147:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
24:An Adventurous Automobile Trip
1:
3275:Silent adventure comedy films
3250:1900s fantasy adventure films
3245:French adventure comedy films
2960:Pharmaceutical Hallucinations
2184:Bob Kick, the Mischievous Kid
2121:A Spiritualistic Photographer
1878:The Brahmin and the Butterfly
595:
478:. During the summer of 1905,
296:
93: (Folies Bergère version)
3265:1900s adventure comedy films
3260:French black-and-white films
3148:The Invention of Hugo Cabret
3066:The Diabolical Church Window
3041:The Spider and the Butterfly
2862:French Cops Learning English
2051:Misfortune Never Comes Alone
1991:The Coronation of Edward VII
1945:The Man with the Rubber Head
1836:Fat and Lean Wrestling Match
676:Meusy, Jean-Jacques (1995),
554:
459:standalone item by Méliès's
257:King Leopold, on holiday in
7:
3140:Around the World in 80 Days
2785:The New Lord of the Village
2750:The Dream of an Opium Fiend
2641:How Bridget's Lover Escaped
2609:Robert Macaire and Bertrand
2356:The Providence of the Waves
1963:The Eruption of Mount Pelee
1829:Coppelia, the Animated Doll
1801:The Artist and the Mannikin
1745:The Miracles of the Brahmin
1678:Christ Walking on the Water
1622:A Dinner Under Difficulties
713:A Companion to Early Cinema
16:1905 film by Georges Méliès
10:
3296:
2904:The Old Footlight Favorite
2827:The Woes of Roller Skaters
2711:The Good Luck of a "Souse"
2676:Sightseeing Through Whisky
2581:The Merry Frolics of Satan
2444:The Venetian Looking-Glass
2170:Ten Ladies in One Umbrella
2142:The Kingdom of the Fairies
2086:The Inn Where No Man Rests
1871:China Versus Allied Powers
1597:The Four Troublesome Heads
1576:Adventures of William Tell
1453:The Surrender of Tournavos
1439:The School for Sons-in-law
1351:Miss de Vère (English Jig)
1173:, p. 10, 13 June 1905
1152:, p. 504, 8 July 1905
986:, in Wakeman, John (ed.),
847:L'oeuvre de Georges Méliès
524:The Merry Frolics of Satan
363:; and de Cottens himself.
319:King Leopold II of Belgium
182:King Leopold II of Belgium
85:31 December 1904
3235:French silent short films
3183:
3126:Georges Méliès in culture
3118:
3075:
3050:
3004:
2925:Incident from Don Quixote
2869:Fun With the Bridal Party
2729:Humanity Through the Ages
2720:
2618:
2516:
2465:The Enchanted Sedan Chair
2400:
2249:
2219:The Ballet-Master's Dream
2042:
1954:
1908:
1892:Dislocation Extraordinary
1857:The Doctor and the Monkey
1729:
1613:
1532:
1488:The Barber and the Farmer
1467:Gugusse and the Automaton
1411:An Hallucinated Alchemist
1381:
1265:
1258:
1249:Reconstructed actualities
1235:
707:Waltz, Gwendolyn (2012),
348:, who had been a popular
132:
122:
110:
76:
60:
50:
40:
28:
23:
3240:French auto racing films
3084:The Conquest of the Pole
3059:Baron Munchausen's Dream
2946:Fortune Favors the Brave
2764:The Prophetess of Thebes
2409:The Living Playing Cards
2335:The Wonderful Living Fan
2286:The Fugitive Apparitions
1738:Addition and Subtraction
1664:The Clown and Automobile
1636:The Bridegroom's Dilemma
1629:Robbing Cleopatra's Tomb
1474:Between Calais and Dover
656:Méliès, Georges (1905),
382:The Conquest of the Pole
3098:The Knight of the Snows
2855:A Tricky Painter's Fate
2813:A Love Tragedy in Spain
2778:A Fake Diamond Swindler
2743:Why That Actor Was Late
2704:The Knight of Black Art
2525:A Mix-up in the Gallery
2370:The Wonderful Rose-Tree
2191:Extraordinary Illusions
1397:Comedian Paulus Singing
1309:The Rescue on the River
1014:Yumibe, Joshua (2012).
780:Bertrand, Aude (2010),
542:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
317:motoring adventures of
234:
100:1905-standalone release
2911:Honeymoon in a Balloon
2437:A Mesmerian Experiment
2430:The Lilliputian Minuet
2300:The Clockmaker's Dream
2293:The Untamable Whiskers
2226:The Damnation of Faust
2177:Jack Jaggs and Dum Dum
2163:Jupiter's Thunderbolts
2072:The Queen's Musketeers
2058:The Infernal Cake Walk
1998:The Treasures of Satan
1885:The Triple-Headed Lady
1766:Paris Exposition, 1900
1650:The Devil in a Convent
1643:An Up-to-Date Conjuror
1590:The Cave of the Demons
1583:The Astronomer's Dream
1460:Sea Fighting in Greece
1122:Abel, Richard (1998),
982:Rosen, Miriam (1987),
869:Abel, Richard (1988),
531:some fragments at the
499:
454:premiered at the gala
448:
306:
254:
192:. The singer-comedian
155:
3163:Théâtre Robert-Houdin
2890:A Grandmother's Story
2883:Buncoed Stage Johnnie
2595:The Mysterious Retort
2546:The Hilarious Posters
2479:The Mysterious Island
2377:The Impossible Voyage
2363:The Barber of Seville
2149:The Infernal Cauldron
2033:The Marvellous Wreath
1917:The Magician's Cavern
1808:Thanking the Audience
1720:The Mysterious Knight
1685:Summoning the Spirits
1671:A Mysterious Portrait
1569:Pygmalion and Galatea
1171:The Morning Telegraph
958:Frazer, John (1979),
514:The Morning Telegraph
497:
484:New Amsterdam Theatre
441:New Amsterdam Theater
438:
431:Release and reception
394:Ernest Guglielminetti
370:The Impossible Voyage
304:
249:
3143:(1956 film prologue)
2988:The Frozen Policeman
2918:The Duke's Good Joke
2697:Delirium in a Studio
2588:A Seaside Flirtation
2486:Unexpected Fireworks
2321:Faust and Marguerite
2240:A Moonlight Serenade
2114:The Oracle of Delphi
1562:The Famous Box Trick
1288:Watering the Flowers
1150:The New York Clipper
1047:The New York Clipper
575:in the 1906 edition.
508:The New York Clipper
342:Gaumont Film Company
3034:King of the Mediums
3027:Whimsical Illusions
3020:The Diabolic Tenant
3013:The Doctor's Secret
2953:Hypnotist's Revenge
2932:The Fairy Dragonfly
2848:The Indian Sorcerer
2458:The Tower of London
2391:The Christmas Angel
2342:The Cook in Trouble
2279:The Bewitched Trunk
2107:The Witch's Revenge
1931:The Sacred Fountain
1822:Crying and Laughing
1815:The Christmas Dream
1516:A Hypnotist at Work
1446:The Last Cartridges
1432:D. Devant, Conjurer
567:The film is called
480:Klaw & Erlanger
413:substitution splice
166:) is a 1904 French
116:200 meters/660 feet
3135:(1952 documentary)
2799:Sideshow Wrestlers
2771:In the Barber Shop
2423:The Crystal Casket
2100:The Mystical Flame
2093:The Drawing Lesson
2079:The Enchanted Well
2065:The Mysterious Box
2012:Up-to-Date Surgery
1977:A Trip to the Moon
1843:A Fantastical Meal
1752:The Cook's Revenge
1692:The Dreyfus Affair
1657:The Pillar of Fire
1541:A Novice at X-Rays
1523:Dancing in a Harem
1418:The Haunted Castle
1365:The Haunted Castle
1358:The Vanishing Lady
1344:A Serpentine Dance
1330:A Lightning Sketch
897:, pp. 119–120
500:
449:
443:in 1905, the year
307:
255:
3217:
3216:
3114:
3113:
2834:Love and Molasses
2806:The Broken Violin
2736:The Genii of Fire
2553:A Desperate Crime
2532:The Chimney Sweep
2212:The Magic Lantern
1794:The Two Blind Men
1787:The Rajah's Dream
1699:The Human Pyramid
1495:The Bewitched Inn
1404:A Funny Mahometan
1148:"New York City",
1027:978-0-8135-5296-5
984:"Méliès, Georges"
856:978-2-7324-3732-3
461:Star Film Company
275:Paris Opera House
261:, wants to visit
247:
208:Victor de Cottens
143:
142:
70:Star Film Company
3287:
3205:
3204:
2897:The Helping Hand
2683:Good Glue Sticks
1773:The One-Man Band
1502:A Private Dinner
1316:A Terrible Night
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425:Place de l'Opéra
405:miniature models
357:Séverin Cafferra
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3132:Le Grand Méliès
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2974:The Living Doll
2939:Moitié de polka
2716:
2690:Satan in Prison
2614:
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2026:Robinson Crusoe
1984:The Shadow-Girl
1950:
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1899:Red Riding Hood
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447:was shown there
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365:Fernande Albany
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3168:Jehanne d'Alcy
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2634:Under the Seas
2630:
2627:Rogues' Tricks
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2567:A Roadside Inn
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2560:Punch and Judy
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2156:The Apparition
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1509:After the Ball
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1295:The Rag-Picker
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1229:Georges Méliès
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1182:
1181:External links
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809:"Louis Maurel"
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498:Georges Méliès
432:
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346:Félix Galipaux
311:Folies Bergère
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198:Folies Bergère
178:Georges Méliès
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45:Georges Méliès
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3174:Gaston Méliès
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2981:Seein' Things
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2416:The Black Imp
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2005:The Human Fly
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1302:Post No Bills
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1274:Playing Cards
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118:12–13 minutes
115:
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78:Release dates
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55:Harry Fragson
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3196:Bibliography
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2574:Soap Bubbles
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2384:The Firefall
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2205:Jack and Jim
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1713:The Snow Man
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1555:The Magician
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1425:On the Roofs
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1372:Tom Old Boot
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1065:Playbill.com
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782:
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678:
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619:
580:
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563:
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537:Mack Sennett
529:
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473:
469:hand-colored
464:
451:
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409:pyrotechnics
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359:, a popular
338:Pathé Frères
323:
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279:
256:
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225:hand-colored
211:
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176:directed by
162:
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144:
112:Running time
18:
3280:Trick films
3189:Filmography
3159:(2011 film)
3151:(2007 book)
2493:Rip's Dream
2349:The Mermaid
2258:Tit for Tat
2135:The Monster
1780:Joan of Arc
1390:A Nightmare
1251:(1897–1902)
1245:(1896–1900)
1243:Actualities
1236:Actualities
1074:14 February
818:22 December
793:20 December
586:intertitles
353:monologuist
334:Little Tich
263:Monte Carlo
210:, designed
190:Monte Carlo
41:Directed by
3230:1904 films
3224:Categories
2876:Not Guilty
1938:Blue Beard
1924:Excelsior!
1706:Cinderella
735:Meusy 1995
596:References
421:multiplane
417:Long shots
350:music hall
297:Production
174:trick film
96: 1905
89:1904-12-31
62:Production
3176:(brother)
2792:The Miser
2602:The Witch
1281:Conjuring
555:Footnotes
330:Jean Noté
271:chauffeur
133:Languages
3208:Category
1069:Playbill
937:10506429
488:tableaux
340:and the
220:epilogue
216:prologue
136:French,
51:Starring
3119:Related
314:cabaret
201:cabaret
123:Country
98: (
87: (
64:company
3170:(wife)
2662:Hamlet
1132:
1101:
1024:
998:
966:
935:
925:
879:
853:
757:
719:
686:
627:
387:extras
379:, and
290:octroi
253:(1905)
168:silent
152:French
138:Silent
127:France
1259:Films
1167:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
286:Dijon
259:Paris
186:Paris
171:comic
3156:Hugo
3076:1912
3051:1911
3005:1909
2721:1908
2619:1907
2517:1906
2401:1905
2250:1904
2043:1903
1955:1902
1909:1901
1730:1900
1614:1899
1533:1898
1382:1897
1266:1896
1193:IMDb
1130:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1076:2015
1022:ISBN
996:ISBN
964:ISBN
933:OCLC
923:ISBN
877:ISBN
851:ISBN
820:2014
795:2014
755:ISBN
717:ISBN
684:ISBN
625:ISBN
439:The
361:mime
282:Alps
235:Plot
218:and
1191:at
992:753
188:to
160:or
3226::
1169:,
1112:^
1083:^
1067:,
1063:,
1045:,
994:,
944:^
931:,
902:^
827:^
811:,
768:^
697:^
668:^
638:^
603:^
415:.
407:,
403:,
373:,
154::
1221:e
1214:t
1207:v
1030:.
150:(
102:)
91:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
