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During this period, in 1780, he started to invent improvements on the conventional oil lamp. The basic idea was to have a cylindrical wick which air could flow through and around, increasing the intensity of the light produced. A cylindrical chimney enhanced the air flow and a series of experiments
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The demand for the lamps was high, and the partners had many difficulties at first in manufacturing them, but they eventually became the standard source of illumination in homes and shops. Many imitators and improvers evolved new variations, and thousands of shops sprang up to produce them in the
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Many problems attended the successful development of a lamp that could be a commercial success. Argand experimented with all of them, searching for practical compromises. The design manufacture of the wick was solved by a lacemaker. The type of glass to use next to the hot flame was a problem
197:. He published several scientific papers on meteorological subjects while in Paris in his late twenties. He took a teaching post in chemistry and developed some ideas for improving the distillation of wine into brandy, and, with his brother, successfully built a large distillery.
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was eventually settled on, which eventually created an important new industry. The mechanism for holding the wick and moving it up and down went through many variations. Even the solder used to fabricate the oil reservoir was a problem when it was discovered that the soft
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gave the proportions for optimum operation. A mechanism for raising and lowering the wick allowed some adjustment and optimization as well. The light was much brighter than a candle (by a factor of five to ten), burned cleanly, and was cheaper than using candles.
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joints leaked. The invention of the lamp did not consist, then, of only one invention, but rather of the improvement and development of a complete system of parts all working together, not unlike
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eventually solved. All available types of oil to use were tested, and methods to purify them for use were the subject of a number of experiments.
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Jacques-Étienne and Joseph-Michel in France and became closely involved with his sensational experiments to devise a
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to manufacture the lamp. In 1784, he received a patent for his design. Argand also formed a close relationship with
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who performed some experiments on the lamp's efficiency and advised him on waging his court battles.
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The invention of the lamp was not, in the end, profitable for Argand.
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and suffered from it for twenty years before dying in
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Brandy, Balloons, & Lamps: Ami Argand, 1750-1803
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next decades. They were eventually displaced by the
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18th-century physicists from the
Republic of Geneva
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139:(5 July 1750 – 14 or 24 October 1803) was a
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185:Francois-Pierre-Amédée Argand was born in
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150:. He invented the
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135:, known as
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300:References
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137:Ami Argand
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400:The lamp
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315:, in the
243:Whale oil
144:physicist
113:Chemistry
156:oil lamp
93:Oil lamp
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148:chemist
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