365:" Marez acknowledged that the United States has previously, and is currently, the largest supplier of military aid to many governments, including some with poor human rights records, but explained that Israel is the only country in which "civil society groups" had specifically asked the ASA to launch a boycott. Further responding to accusations that the ASA was singling out Israel while ignoring many other nations that have comparable or even worse human rights records that Israel (including many of Israel's neighbors), Marez replied: "One has to start somewhere."
271:(69 Democrats, 65 Republicans) signed a letter to ASA president Curtis Marez and president-elect Lisa Duggan, which accused the ASA of engaging in a "morally dishonest double standard." The letter stated that: "Like all democracies, Israel is not perfect. But to single out Israel, while leaving relationships with universities in autocratic and repressive countries intact, suggests thinly-veiled bigotry and bias."
369:
boycott strategies used to protest repressive state practices, including those employed against the South Africa apartheid regime and racial segregation in the United States." Marez goes on to note that the United States
Supreme Court holds these kinds of boycotts, ones which "aim to effect 'political, social, and economic change," to be constitutionally protected speech activities.
121:, stated, "Rather than standing up for academic freedom and human rights by boycotting countries where professors are imprisoned for their views, the A.S.A. chooses as its first ever boycott to boycott Israel, the sole democracy in the Middle East, in which academics are free to say what they want, write what they want and research what they want."
440:. Kontorvich argued: "To be clear, this is not about silencing or stopping criticism of Israel, or in any way discouraging it. It is about non-profit corporations abiding by their own rules." The lawsuit characterized the defendants as "insurgents" who through "concerted effort" had sought to convert ASA "into a political advocacy organization".
344:
university-associated think tanks develop political and communications strategies to advance government aims and defend them internationally." He has also predicted that "one day, after the tide turns, boycotts against Israel and the apartheid regime it has instituted will be viewed in the same way" as the
452:
Two related cases brought forward by David Abrams of the
Zionist Advocacy Center in the state of New York had previously been dismissed for " neither injury nor standing to sue." In both cases, Abrams alleged injury over ASA's refusal to let Israeli organizations become members. But in the first case
435:
The plaintiffs alleged that the boycott violates
Washington D.C. law, governing nonprofit corporations and that the adoption of the boycott violated the ASA's internal rules and procedures. The lawsuit alleged that the boycott fell outside the scope of the ASA's corporate charter and stated mission,
448:
unanimously upheld the district court's ruling which put a definite end to the case. The judges also noted that the plaintiffs hadn't tried to explain how the ASA boycott had injured them: "The
Professors nowhere explain how they have suffered economic or reputational damage. They assert no loss of
443:
The lawsuit was dismissed in 2019 when the judge ruled that plaintiffs lacked standing because they could not demonstrate that their injuries exceeded $ 75,000 which would have been required for federal litigation. Pro-Palestinian media heralded it as a victory, but the plaintiffs' lawyers vowed to
326:
said that in response to the ASA boycott, "universities should make clear that their names cannot be invoked as the purported sponsor for conferences or dialogues in which the primary thrust is demonization of Israel.... And it goes without saying that they should not allow themselves to be used as
330:
Eight past ASA presidents have signed a letter which described the boycott as "antithetical to the mission of free and open inquiry for which a scholarly organization stands." The letter also criticized the fact that “ASA Members were provided only the resolution and a link to a website supporting
343:
at San Diego has responded to critics of the boycott by arguing that the ASA is "targeting
Israeli universities because they work closely with the government and military in developing weapons and other technology that are used to enforce the occupation and colonization of Palestinian land, while
368:
Marez has written on the organization's long-standing commitment to social justice, and the ASA's belief in nonviolent strategies as a tool to effect change. "The academic boycott of Israel," writes Marez, "is grounded in the same anti-discrimination principles as other historical divestment and
129:
argued that such statements “grossly mischaracterized” the ASA resolution “as an assault on academic freedom. On the contrary, it is one of the most significant affirmative acts any scholarly organization has proposed in defense of academic freedom since the anti-apartheid movement. Palestinian
58:
In a statement on the boycott, ASA's
National Council encouraged members to vote in support of the boycott because of "Israel's violation of international law and UN resolutions; the documented impact of the Israeli occupation on Palestinian scholars and students; the extent to which Israeli
59:
institutions of higher education are a party to state policies that violate human rights." Some faculty, however, have objected that it is inappropriate for senior administrators to publicly position their college or university on an issue that faculty believe is one of academic freedom.
278:
that would have banned universities and colleges from funding organizations that "have undertaken an official action boycotting certain countries or their higher education institutions." But the proposed law faced sharp criticism over its implications on free speech and was discarded.
310:
argued that the ASA "seeks to amputate all connection with thousands of other scholars. Not because of the content of those scholars’ ideas, their research, their intelligence, or their field of study. But because they are
Israelis. Or teaching and researching in Israel."
453:
Abrams' International Legal Forum didn't actually attempt to join ASA and in the second case his organization, Athenaeum Blue & White, incorporated on the same day he filed the lawsuit, successfully became a member.
66:
502:
1579:
449:
standing within their universities. They do not purport to have been denied tenure, promotions or other prestigious honors. Nor do they claim to have had their writings rejected by academic journals."
267:
sent a letter to the ASA's president in which he criticized "the unfair double standard Israel is regularly and unfairly subjected to by organizations such as yours." In
January 2014, 134 members of
27:
in
December 2013. The ASA's decision to boycott was controversial because it was the first major American scholarly organization to do so. In April 2016, four ASA members aided by the pro-Israeli
274:
Lawmakers in New York described the ASA boycott as "targeted discrimination against Israel that betrays the values of academic freedom that we hold dear." In
January 2014, they put forward an
636:
74:
1553:
1146:
1756:
445:
392:
of Indigenous peoples here in the United States so the myth of Israeli exceptionalism seeks to erase Israeli colonialism in Palestine and claim original rights to Palestinian lands.”
388:, who is Jewish and has a daughter and three grandchildren who are Israeli citizens, wrote that “just as the myth of American exceptionalism seeks to erase the genocide and ongoing
62:
After a ten-day online voting period, the resolution passed with 66.05 percent of voting members endorsing the boycott, 30.5 percent voting against it, and 3.43 percent abstaining.
495:
70:
1814:
1308:
1684:
428:. The named defendants were Lisa Duggan, Curtis Marez, Avery Gordon, Nerferti Tadiar, Sunaina Maira and Chandan Reddy. New defendants were added in 2018. Among them,
1714:
477:
993:
1332:
306:
questioned the practical effect of the resolution, stating that the ASA "lacks any formal ties with Israeli institutions in the first place." Canadian journalist
666:
527:
1176:
1587:
759:
1382:
785:
384:
practices and contemporary regimes of segregation in Occupied Palestine make this resolution an ethical imperative for the ASA.” Professor Eric Cheyfitz of
1159:
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362:
133:
Senior administrators at over 200 universities have rejected the academic boycott of Israel and four universities have withdrawn from the organization:
1366:
1194:
1065:
1476:
1230:
1212:
1677:
1401:
917:
1120:
1721:
101:
reacted by stating that political and academic debates should not be mixed and accused the ASA of discrimination against Israel and "Orwellian
964:
640:
1799:
339:
Curtis Marez, the president of the American Studies Association and an associate professor and chair of the ethnic-studies department at the
245:
1422:
1011:
577:
899:
256:
maintains an updated list of universities that have terminated their ASA membership, and a list of universities that reject the boycott.
1897:
1751:
1670:
1741:
1639:
252:
have all publicly denounced the boycott as a violation of the academic freedom of not only Israeli but also US scholars as well. The
944:
1554:"Federal Judge: Plaintiffs suing American Studies Association over BDS "may have meritorious claims," but must file in state court"
609:
361:, Marez argued that America has "a particular responsibility to answer the call for boycott because it is the largest supplier of
1351:
331:
it. Despite explicit requests, the National Council refused to circulate or post to the ASA’s website alternative perspectives."
78:
1709:
268:
52:
1502:
1091:
1704:
1580:"ASA WINS MAJOR VICTORY IN FEDERAL COURT OF APPEALS: Judges Affirm Dismissal of Lawsuit Filed by Bronner, et al. against ASA"
728:
130:
students and faculty living under occupation do not enjoy academic freedom, let alone the full range of basic human rights.”
555:
1275:
377:
241:
82:
873:
827:
697:
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803:
847:
47:
which since 2005 has called for comprehensive boycotts against Israel for alleged human rights violations against the
1693:
345:
295:
214:
348:
during the years of apartheid is now viewed, and that this comparison is especially apt just after the death of
298:, described the ASA as having moved from, "the ordinary lunatic fringe" into "the racist lunatic fringe," and
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1043:
614:
249:
1821:
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20:
31:
sued the ASA, but the lawsuit was dismissed in 2019 when the judge ruled that plaintiffs lacked standing.
1902:
1069:
86:
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702:
462:
40:
24:
1871:
1866:
1612:
372:
Additionally, some members of the ASA have linked their support of the boycott to their own studies.
1249:
1528:"Lawsuit Dismissed Against American Studies Association, Steven Salaita, Others for Israel Boycott"
1147:
MIT joins list of campuses denouncing US scholarly group's boycott of Israeli academic institutions
340:
162:
432:, who wasn't on the Board when the boycott decision was taken but had campaigned for the boycott.
1809:
1406:
851:
291:
182:
1613:"Federal Court Allows American Studies Association Boycott of Israel to Stand: Victory for BDS"
1038:
969:
409:
110:
98:
149:. Prominent university and college presidents who have publicly condemned the boycott include
1231:
State lawmakers battle Israel boycott by university organization American Studies Association
146:
1477:"Lawsuit: ASA's Boycott of Israel Violates Law Professors sue American Studies Association"
425:
303:
158:
8:
1854:
1826:
1746:
1235:
1181:
389:
315:
198:
166:
150:
134:
424:, a legal expert and vocal opponent of BDS, and Jerome Marcus of the Israeli think tank
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733:
582:
472:
421:
385:
357:
319:
299:
230:
138:
275:
1804:
1016:
729:"Prominent Scholars, Citing Importance of Academic Freedom, Denounce Israeli Boycott"
413:
234:
222:
1662:
1789:
1644:
998:
921:
764:
671:
532:
405:
401:
323:
253:
154:
282:
Individual academics and commentators have sharply criticized the boycott through
1125:
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417:
226:
202:
174:
106:
28:
489:
1847:
429:
349:
218:
194:
178:
142:
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1337:
210:
186:
1383:
Scholars’ Group to Disclose Result of Vote on an Academic Boycott of Israel
1199:
1195:
Congressional Letter: Academic Boycott of Israel is 'Thinly Veiled Bigotry'
467:
373:
260:
206:
126:
102:
48:
44:
1039:"Backlash Against Israel Boycott Puts American Studies Assn. on Defensive"
437:
264:
170:
114:
1121:"Harvard and Yale Slam American Studies Association Over Israel Boycott"
81:. Organizations that have voted against similar resolutions include the
1213:
Incoming American Studies Association president supports Israel boycott
1012:
Boycott of Israeli universities: A repugnant attack on academic freedom
307:
283:
118:
1309:"The American Studies Association doubles down on anti-Israel lunacy"
1757:
Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel
1527:
1217:
412:, Michael Barton, and Charles Kupfer, sued ASA. They were aided by
381:
1177:
Dozens of universities reject academic boycott of Israel (update)
578:"US scholars' group votes in favor of academic boycott of Israel"
874:"Why I support the ASA boycott of Israeli academic institutions"
698:"American Studies Association Passes Academic Boycott of Israel"
639:. American Studies Association. December 4, 2013. Archived from
1815:
Law for Prevention of Damage to State of Israel through Boycott
1160:"Groups and Universities Condemning Academic Boycott of Israel"
287:
1423:"4 profs sue American Studies Association over Israel boycott"
51:. The vote followed a similar one taken in April 2013 by the
553:
547:
911:
909:
122:
900:"Boycott by Academic Group Is a Symbolic Sting to Israel"
503:
Athaneum Blue & White v. American Studies Association
478:
List of organizations that have endorsed the BDS movement
190:
1449:"US professors take academic boycott of Israel to court"
1402:"Group's academic boycott honors civil rights tradition"
945:
134 members of US Congress denounce ASA’s Israel boycott
906:
898:
Pérez-Peña, Richard; Rudoren, Jodi (December 16, 2013).
105:", a charge denied by supporters of the boycott such as
1376:
39:
In December 2013, members of the ASA voted to join the
1692:
637:"Council Statement on the Academic Boycott of Israel"
43:. The boycott was in response to the Palestinian-led
55:(AAAS) to boycott Israeli educational institutions.
1772:
British Committee for the Universities of Palestine
1276:"New York's Outrageous Attempt to Ban Academic BDS"
1092:"92 universities reject academic boycott of Israel"
753:
751:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
801:
660:
658:
554:American Studies Association (December 16, 2013).
259:Some politicians have expressed criticism through
67:Native American and Indigenous Studies Association
1149:by Matt Rocheleau, Boston.com, December 30, 2013.
897:
380:, wrote that “he similarities between historical
1889:
1767:American Studies Association's boycott of Israel
1471:
1469:
915:
757:
748:
722:
720:
664:
229:, Oberlin College President Marvin Krislov, and
1640:"Suit Against American Studies Group Dismissed"
1203:January 10, 2014 (updated: January 14th, 2014.)
1118:
1023:
994:US academia split over boycott targeting Israel
655:
444:continue the fight. However, in June 2020, the
41:boycott of all Israeli educational institutions
804:"US academic group overwhelmingly rejects BDS"
603:
601:
556:"ASA Members Vote to Endorse Academic Boycott"
1800:Amendment No. 28 to the Entry Into Israel Law
1678:
1607:
1605:
1466:
1066:"Leadership's statement on academic boycotts"
1036:
989:
987:
962:
940:
938:
848:"The nightmare hidden within liberal Zionism"
717:
691:
689:
610:"In Defense of an Academic Boycott of Israel"
575:
521:
519:
246:American Association of University Professors
34:
1572:
1414:
695:
607:
1520:
1242:
871:
845:
828:Applause for the academic boycott of Israel
726:
598:
376:, a distinguished professor emerita at the
25:boycott of Israeli educational institutions
1752:CUPE Ontario and disinvestment from Israel
1685:
1671:
1602:
1546:
1440:
1333:The failed boycott campaign against Israel
984:
935:
686:
516:
446:U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
1742:2017 Humboldt University lecture incident
1447:Stoil, Rebecca Shimoni (April 21, 2016).
1306:
1300:
956:
65:The boycott has since been joined by the
1206:
334:
263:and legislation. Democratic Congressman
1638:Redden, Elizabeth (December 12, 2017).
1495:
1420:
786:Anthropology Group Won't Boycott Israel
1890:
1637:
916:Elizabeth Redden (December 17, 2013).
760:"Israel Boycott Battle Heads to Court"
526:Redden, Elizabeth (February 6, 2019).
525:
318:'s Center for Law and Liberty, former
53:Association for Asian American Studies
1666:
1446:
1357:. 29 January 2015. 4 February 2015.
1352:"Academic Freedom and Anti-Semitism."
1119:Rosenberg, Yair (December 23, 2013).
528:"Judge Dismisses Israel Boycott Case"
1391:(online edition), December 15, 2013.
965:"UR rebukes Israeli college boycott"
802:Weinthal, Benjamin (June 15, 2017).
665:Elizabeth Redden (January 2, 2014).
378:University of California, Santa Cruz
363:military aid to the state of Israel.
242:Association of American Universities
117:. The Israeli ambassador to the US,
83:American Anthropological Association
79:National Women's Studies Association
1268:
1068:. December 26, 2013. Archived from
758:Elizabeth Redden (April 21, 2016).
576:Maya Shwayder (December 16, 2013).
327:economic leverage against Israel."
75:Critical Ethnic Studies Association
13:
1307:Bernstein, David (16 March 2015).
696:Marc Shapiro (December 19, 2013).
608:Curtis Marez (December 31, 2013).
436:a type of legal argument known as
14:
1914:
1898:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
1694:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
1037:Peter Schmidt (January 2, 2014).
963:James Goodman (January 2, 2014).
872:Colin Dayan (December 22, 2013).
846:David Lloyd (December 21, 2013).
727:Tamar Lewin (December 26, 2013).
483:
1532:Center for Constitutional Rights
346:Academic boycott of South Africa
1631:
1586:. June 19, 2020. Archived from
1421:Kampeas, Ron (April 20, 2016).
1394:
1360:
1344:
1326:
1282:
1224:
1188:
1170:
1152:
1140:
1112:
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1005:
902:– via The New York Times.
891:
865:
839:
821:
795:
779:
215:Case Western Reserve University
629:
569:
71:African Literature Association
1:
1832:Ministry of Strategic Affairs
1250:"Opinion - A Chill on Speech"
1044:Chronicle of Higher Education
615:Chronicle of Higher Education
509:
250:American Council on Education
16:Scholarly association boycott
1822:Creative Community for Peace
1290:"NY State Senate Bill S6438"
918:"Backing the Israel Boycott"
314:In a January 2015 speech to
92:
21:American Studies Association
7:
490:What Does the Boycott Mean?
456:
87:Modern Language Association
10:
1919:
1762:Academic boycott of Israel
1197:by Lori Lowenthal Marcus,
703:The Baltimore Jewish Times
463:Academic boycott of Israel
395:
97:Israeli officials and the
35:Decision to boycott Israel
1872:Occupied Territories Bill
1867:Disinvestment from Israel
1840:
1782:
1730:
1700:
1427:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
996:by Marcella Bombardieri,
341:University of California
163:Christopher L. Eisgruber
1810:Israel Anti-Boycott Act
1407:San Diego Union-Tribune
1385:by Richard Perez-Pena,
852:The Electronic Intifada
292:George Mason University
183:University of Rochester
23:(ASA) began an ongoing
1350:Summers, Lawrence H.
970:Democrat and Chronicle
410:Michael Aaron Rockland
99:Anti-Defamation League
1369:by Elizabeth Redden,
788:by Elizabeth Redden,
335:Response from the ASA
147:Penn State Harrisburg
1373:, December 12, 2013.
1367:On the Eve of a Vote
1185:, December 23, 2013.
1179:by Valerie Strauss,
1072:on February 24, 2014
1020:, December 19, 2013.
1014:by Michael S. Roth,
1002:, December 25, 2013.
830:by George Bisharat,
426:Kohelet Policy Forum
400:In April 2016, four
304:Princeton University
159:Princeton University
1827:Maccabee Task Force
1747:Boycott from Within
1453:The Times of Israel
1410:. October 30, 2014.
1355:Lawrence H. Summers
1236:New York Daily News
1233:by Kenneth Lovett,
1221:, January 03, 2014.
1182:The Washington Post
953:, January 19, 2014.
836:, January 30, 2014.
416:of the pro-Israeli
390:settler colonialism
316:Columbia Law School
199:Wesleyan University
167:New York University
151:Columbia University
135:Brandeis University
1903:Boycotts of Israel
1862:Boycotts of Israel
1858:(documentary film)
1710:List of supporters
1560:. February 6, 2019
1534:. February 5, 2019
1388:The New York Times
1341:, January 4, 2014.
1296:. October 3, 2015.
1256:. February 4, 2014
1254:The New York Times
1239:, January 4, 2014.
1097:The Jerusalem Post
950:The Jerusalem Post
947:by Maya Shwayder,
878:Al Jazeera America
734:The New York Times
583:The Jerusalem Post
473:Boycotts of Israel
422:Eugene Kontorovich
386:Cornell University
358:The New York Times
320:Harvard University
231:Harvard University
139:Indiana University
127:Robin D. G. Kelley
1885:
1884:
1805:Combating BDS Act
1705:List of opponents
1100:. January 1, 2014
1017:Los Angeles Times
667:"Boycott Battles"
643:on March 18, 2014
496:Bronner v. Duggan
414:Kenneth L. Marcus
235:Drew Gilpin Faust
223:Boston University
1910:
1790:AMCHA Initiative
1687:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1645:Inside Higher Ed
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1617:Informed Comment
1609:
1600:
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1499:
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1490:
1488:
1483:. April 20, 2016
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1374:
1371:Inside Higher Ed
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1164:AMCHA Initiative
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999:The Boston Globe
991:
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979:
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960:
954:
942:
933:
932:
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928:
922:Inside Higher Ed
913:
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869:
863:
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843:
837:
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819:
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799:
793:
790:Inside Higher Ed
783:
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774:
772:
765:Inside Higher Ed
755:
746:
745:
743:
741:
724:
715:
714:
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693:
684:
683:
681:
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672:Inside Higher Ed
662:
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545:
544:
542:
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533:Inside Higher Ed
523:
406:Simon J. Bronner
402:American studies
324:Lawrence Summers
254:AMCHA Initiative
155:Lee C. Bollinger
1918:
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1911:
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1611:
1610:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1590:on June 2, 2022
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1558:Brandeis Center
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
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1481:Brandeis Center
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1419:
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1399:
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1381:
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1365:
1361:
1349:
1345:
1335:by Rex Murphy,
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1313:Washington Post
1305:
1301:
1294:NY State Senate
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1126:Tablet Magazine
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294:professor
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813:July 23,
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