American Revolutionary War

3454: 4860: 4418: 5114: 2608: 4637: 3549: 2337: 4299: 6583:"Resolved, 4. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: ... they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, ...: But, ... we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament, as are bonafide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members; excluding every idea of taxation internal or external, ." quoted from the Declarations and Resolves of the First Continental Congress October 14, 1774. 1980: 3145: 4024: 4960: 5670: 322: 308: 5893: 4279: 704: 5535: 3656: 5415: 104: 5929: 1028: 674: 2624: 5040: 5909: 2957: 1069: 1052: 1040: 972: 935: 923: 911: 899: 887: 875: 858: 839: 814: 351: 851: 832: 807: 344: 329: 3818: 3806: 4801: 1165: 1153: 1141: 1129: 1117: 1105: 1093: 1081: 1021: 482: 641: 4521: 75: 5948: 6815:"British Legion Infantry strength at Cowpens was between 200 and 271 enlisted men". However, this statement is referenced to a note on pp. 175–176, which says, "The British Legion infantry at Cowpens is usually considered to have had about 200–250 men, but returns for the 25 December 1780 muster show only 175. Totals obtained by Cornwallis, dated 15 January, show that the whole legion had 451 men, but approximately 250 were dragoons". There would therefore appear to be no evidence for putting the total strength of the five British Legion light infantry companies at more than 200. 684: 996: 451: 984: 965: 438: 84: 3263: 4737:, which was already a long-time rival of Britain, to offer the Americans the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. The two nations also agreed to a defensive Treaty of Alliance to protect their trade and also guaranteed American independence from Britain. To engage the United States as a French ally militarily, the treaty was conditioned on Britain initiating a war on France to stop it from trading with the U.S. Spain and the Dutch Republic were invited to join by both France and the United States in the treaty, but neither was responsive to the request. 6916:. In the first three years of the Anglo-French War (1778), British list 9,372 soldiers killed in battle across the Americas; and 3,326 in the West Indies (1778–1780). In 1784, a British lieutenant compiled a detailed list of 205 British officers killed in action during British conflicts outside of North America, encompassing Europe, the Caribbean, and the East Indies. Extrapolations based upon this list puts British Army losses in the area of at least 4,000 killed or died of wounds outside of its North American engagements. 5496:

with the American delegation in September 1782. The French and Spanish sought to improve their position by creating the U.S. dependent on them for support against Britain, thus reversing the losses of 1763. Both parties tried to negotiate a settlement with Britain excluding the Americans; France proposed setting the western boundary of the U.S. along the Appalachians, matching the British 1763 Proclamation Line. The Spanish suggested additional concessions in the vital Mississippi River Basin, but required the cession of

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Howe's responsibility is still debated; despite receiving large numbers of reinforcements, Bunker Hill seems to have permanently affected his self-confidence and lack of tactical flexibility meant he often failed to follow up opportunities. Many of his decisions were attributed to supply problems, such as the delay in launching the New York campaign and failure to pursue Washington's beaten army. Having lost the confidence of his subordinates, he was recalled after Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga.

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and citizenship to any willing to join the Patriot cause. The British launched a counter-campaign claiming deserters could well be executed for meddling in a war that was not theirs. Desertion among the Germans occurred throughout the war, with the highest rate of desertion occurring during the time between the surrender at Yorktown and the Treaty of Paris. German regiments were central to the British war effort; of the estimated 30,000 sent to America, some 13,000 became casualties.

541: 26974: 26938: 4341:, where Cornwallis's forces were less established and arguably easier to defeat. Washington eventually gave way, and Lafayette took a combined Franco-American force into Virginia, but Clinton misinterpreted his movements as preparations for an attack on New York. Concerned by a perceived threat to his positions in New York, he instructed Cornwallis to establish a fortified sea base, where the Royal Navy could evacuate British troops to help defend New York. 95: 26984: 4556:. The development of the Continental Army was always a work in progress and Washington used both his regulars and state militias throughout the war; when properly employed, the combination allowed them to overwhelm smaller British forces, as they did in battles at Concord, Boston, Bennington, and Saratoga. Both sides used partisan warfare, but the state militias effectively suppressed Loyalist activity when British regulars were not in the area. 5377:

to local colonial taxation, and discuss including American representatives in the House of Commons. In return, all property confiscated from Loyalists would be returned, British debts honored, and locally enforced martial law accepted. However, Congress demanded either immediate recognition of independence or the withdrawal of all British troops; they knew the commission were not authorized to accept these, bringing negotiations to a rapid end.

5198: 945: 4845:, replaced in early 1781 by Rodney. He was neither notified nor consulted when Germain approved Cornwallis's invasion of the south in 1781 and delayed sending him reinforcements believing the bulk of Washington's army was still outside New York City. After the surrender at Yorktown, Clinton was relieved by Carleton, whose major task was to oversee the evacuation of Loyalists and British troops from Savannah, Charleston, and New York City. 634: 4492:. Together, these militias denied France's claims to North America west of the Mississippi River in the French and Indian War. The thirteen colonial state legislatures independently funded and controlled their local militias. In the American Revolution, they trained and provided Continental Line regiments to the regular army, each with their own state officer corps. Motivation was also a major asset: each colonial capital had its 20468: 5639:

initiatives. Spanish soft power diplomatically challenged the British territorial cession west to the Mississippi River and the previous northern boundaries of Spanish Florida. It imposed a high tariff on American goods, then blocked American settler access to the port of New Orleans. Spanish hard power extended war alliances and arms to Southwestern natives to resist American settlement. A former Continental Army General,

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September 3, 1783, when Britain signed its treaty with France. John Adams, who helped draft the treaty, claimed it represented "one of the most important political events that ever happened on the globe". Ratified respectively by Congress and Parliament, the final versions were exchanged in Paris the following spring. On November 25, the last British troops remaining in the U.S. were evacuated from New York to Halifax.

3422:; while Washington's domestic opponents contrasted his lack of battlefield success with Gates' victory at Saratoga, foreign observers such as Frederick the Great were equally impressed with Germantown, which demonstrated resilience and determination. Over the winter, poor conditions, supply problems and low morale resulted in 2,000 deaths, with another 3,000 unfit for duty due to lack of shoes. However, Baron 463: 19196:, vol. 314, no. 8 (18–25 April 2022), pp. 32–37. Highlighted are the struggles and tragic fates of America's Indians and Black slaves. For example, "In 1779 Washington dispatched a contingent of soldiers to upstate New York to burn Indian towns and crops and seize hostages 'of every age and sex.' The following year, while serving as governor of Virginia, Jefferson ordered troops under the command of 2496:

supported independence from Britain and a new national union in Congress, while Loyalists remained faithful to British rule. Estimates of numbers vary, one suggestion being the population as a whole was split evenly between committed Patriots, committed Loyalists, and those who were indifferent. Others calculate the split as 40% Patriot, 40% neutral, 20% Loyalist, but with considerable regional variations.

4447:, and Britain, with America serving as one of several different war theaters. After entering the Revolutionary War in 1778, France provided the Americans money, weapons, soldiers, and naval assistance, while French troops fought under U.S. command in North America. While Spain did not formally join the war in America, they provided access to the Mississippi River and captured British possessions on the 5723: 2408:. Within a year, it had an army of over 32,000 men in America, the largest ever sent outside Europe at the time. The employment of German soldiers against people viewed as British citizens was opposed by many in Parliament and by the colonial assemblies; combined with the lack of activity by Gage, opposition to the use of foreign troops allowed the Patriots to take control of the legislatures. 533: 3505:

the struggle on their own, or proclaiming independence, guaranteed by France. Although the Declaration of Independence in July 1776 had wide public support, Adams was among those reluctant to pay the price of an alliance with France, and over 20% of Congressmen voted against it. Congress agreed to the treaty with reluctance and as the war moved in their favor increasingly lost interest in it.

3588:. The terms were confidential since several conflicted with American aims; for example, the French claimed exclusive control of the Newfoundland cod fisheries, a non-negotiable for colonies like Massachusetts. One less well-known impact of this agreement was the abiding American distrust of 'foreign entanglements'; the U.S. would not sign another treaty with France until their 3051:, but he did not attempt to encircle Washington's forces. Through the night of August 28, Knox bombarded the British. Knowing they were up against overwhelming odds, Washington ordered the assembly of a war council on August 29; all agreed to retreat to Manhattan. Washington quickly had his troops assembled and ferried them across the East River to Manhattan on flat-bottomed 4922:

was determined to go to war, it made hopes of reconciliation seem naive and hopeless, while the employment of what was regarded as "foreign mercenaries" became one of the charges levelled against George III in the Declaration of Independence. The Hessian reputation within Germany for brutality also increased support for the Patriot cause among German American immigrants.

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Navy on a war footing for cost reasons; this prevented the institution of an effective blockade and restricted them to ineffectual diplomatic protests. Traditional British policy was to employ European land-based allies to divert the opposition, a role filled by Prussia in the Seven Years' War; in 1778, they were diplomatically isolated and faced war on multiple fronts.

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such as Philadelphia, the seat of Congress, New York, and Charleston. British power was reliant on the Royal Navy, whose dominance allowed them to resupply their own expeditionary forces while preventing access to enemy ports. However, the majority of the American population was agrarian, rather than urban; supported by the French navy and blockade runners based in the

5132:. In November 1775, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation that promised freedom to any Patriot-owned slaves willing to bear arms. Although the announcement helped to fill a temporary manpower shortage, white Loyalist prejudice meant recruits were eventually redirected to non-combatant roles. The Loyalists' motive was to deprive Patriot 5504:

and Prime Minister Lord Shelburne, in charge of the British negotiations, agreed. Key agreements for the United States in obtaining peace included recognition of United States independence, including recognition that the U.S. would gain all of the area east of the Mississippi River, north of Florida and south of Canada, and the granting of fishing rights in the

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Responsibility for defeat was the subject of fierce public debate between Cornwallis, Clinton, and Germain. Despite criticism from his junior officers, Cornwallis retained the confidence of his peers and later held a series of senior government positions. Clinton ultimately took most of the blame and spent the rest of his life in relative obscurity.

3352:, forcing them back into Saratoga with heavy losses. By October 11, all hope of escape had vanished; persistent rain reduced the camp to a "squalid hell" of mud and starving cattle, supplies were dangerously low and many of the wounded in agony. Burgoyne capitulated on October 17; around 6,222 soldiers, including German forces commanded by General 5619:. The formally acquired western American lands continued to be populated by a dozen or so American Indian tribes that had been British allies for the most part. Though British forts on their lands had been ceded to either the French or the British prior to the creation of the U.S., Natives were not referred to in the British cession to the U.S. 4540:

lacked the training and discipline of more experienced soldiers. Local county militias were reluctant to travel far from home and they were unavailable for extended operations. To compensate for this, the Continental Congress established a regular force known as the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, which proved to be the origin of the modern

5647:, Virginia in 1784, and there he fostered settler secession from Virginia during the conflict with the Spanish-allied Chickamauga Cherokee. Beginning in 1787, he received pay as Spanish Agent 13, and subsequently expanded his efforts to persuade American settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to secede from the United States, first in the 4996:

territory and counter American offensives. The Loyalist militias in the South were constantly defeated by neighboring Patriot militia. The most critical combat between the two partisan militias was at the Battle of Kings Mountain; the Patriot victory irreversibly impaired any further Loyalist militia capability in the South.

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own against British regulars and their hired Hessians known to all European great powers. Battles such as the Battle of Bennington, the Battles of Saratoga, and even defeats such as the Battle of Germantown, proved decisive in gaining the attention and support of powerful European nations, including France, Spain, and the

5148:, he also ensured fugitive slaves were returned to Loyalist owners with orders that they were not to be punished for their attempted escape. As the war progressed, service as regular soldiers in British units became increasingly common; Black Loyalists formed two regiments of the Charleston garrison in 1783. 5759:. While many were uneasy over the contradiction of demanding liberty for some, yet denying it to others, the dependence of southern states on slave labor made abolition too great a challenge. Between 1774 and 1780, many of the states banned the importation of slaves, but the institution itself continued. 5468:, a Catholic empire like Spain. Since the 1760s, Franklin had been an organizer of British American inter-colony cooperation, and then served as a colonial lobbyist to Parliament in London. John Adams of Massachusetts had been consul to the Dutch Republic and was a prominent early New England Patriot. 5622:

While tribes were not consulted by the British for the treaty, in practice the British refused to abandon the forts on territory they formally transferred. Instead, they provisioned military allies for continuing frontier raids and sponsored the Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), including erecting an

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British strategy was to strengthen the U.S. sufficiently to prevent France from regaining a foothold in North America, and they had little interest in these proposals. However, divisions between their opponents allowed them to negotiate separately with each to improve their overall position, starting

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When Lord Rockingham, the Whig leader and friend of the American cause was elevated to Prime Minister, Congress consolidated its diplomatic consuls in Europe into a peace delegation at Paris. All were experienced in Congressional leadership. The dean of the delegation was Franklin of Pennsylvania. He

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North initially backed the Southern strategy attempting to exploit divisions between the mercantile north and slave-owning south, but after the defeat of Yorktown, he was forced to accept the fact that this policy had failed. It was clear the war was lost, although the Royal Navy forced the French to

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in 1778 and Westminster turned to "hard war" during Clinton's command, neutral colonists in the Carolinas often allied with the Patriots whenever brutal combat broke out between Tories and Whigs. Conversely, Loyalists gained support when Patriots intimidated suspected Tories by destroying property or

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Following the failure of the Carlisle Commission, British policy changed from treating the Patriots as subjects who needed to be reconciled to enemies who had to be defeated. In 1778, Howe was replaced by Sir Henry Clinton, appointed instead of Carleton who was considered overly cautious. Regarded as

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The geographical size of the colonies and limited manpower meant the British could not simultaneously conduct military operations and occupy territory without local support. Debate persists over whether their defeat was inevitable; one British statesman described it as "like trying to conquer a map".

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At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the Americans had no major international allies, since most nation-states watched and waited to see how developments unfolded in the conflict in British America. Over time, the Continental Army established its military credibility, defeating or holding their

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In the U.S. South, Generals Greene and Wayne loosely invested the withdrawing British at Savannah and Charleston, where they observed the British remove their troops from Charleston on December 14, 1782. Loyalist provincial militias of whites and free blacks and Loyalists with slaves were transported

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Clinton returned to New York, leaving Cornwallis to oversee the south; despite their success, the two men left barely on speaking terms, with dire consequences for the future conduct of the war. The Southern strategy depended on local support, but this was undermined by a series of coercive measures.

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on June 28 was inconclusive but boosted Patriot morale. Washington had rallied Charles Lee's broken regiments, the Continentals repulsed British bayonet charges, the British rear guard lost perhaps 50 per-cent more casualties, and the Americans held the field at the end of the day. That midnight, the

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The British government failed to take into account the strength of the American merchant marine and support from European countries, which allowed the colonies to import munitions and continue trading with relative impunity. While well aware of this, the North administration delayed placing the Royal

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The outlook following the defeat at Fort Washington appeared bleak for the American cause. The reduced Continental Army had dwindled to fewer than 5,000 men and was reduced further when enlistments expired at the end of the year. Popular support wavered, and morale declined. On December 20, 1776, the

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in the colonial legislatures gradually wrested power from their governors. Dominated by smaller landowners and merchants, these assemblies now established ad-hoc provincial legislatures, variously called congresses, conventions, and conferences, effectively replacing royal control. With the exception

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Beyond the 2112 deaths recorded by the French Government fighting for U.S. independence, additional men died fighting Britain in a war waged by France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic from 1778 to 1784, "overseas" from the American Revolution as posited by a British scholar in his "War of the American

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Prior to the conflict, the colonies were largely autonomous economic and political entities, with no centralized area of ultimate strategic importance. This meant that, unlike Europe where the fall of a capital city often ended wars, that in America continued even after the loss of major settlements

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regiment fending off a British bayonet attack and then counter charging the British for the first time as part of Washington's army. After the Battle of Monmouth, Washington came to realize that saving entire towns was not necessary, but preserving his army and keeping the revolutionary spirit alive

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shipping. The thirteen colonies were spread across most of North American Atlantic seaboard, stretching 1,000 miles. Most colonial farms were remote from the seaports, and control of four or five major ports did not give Britain control over American inland areas. Each state had established internal

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meant their coordination was planned more carefully. Despite repeated urging from his subordinates, Cornwallis made no attempt to engage Lafayette before he could establish siege lines. Expecting to be withdrawn within a few days, he also abandoned the outer defenses, which were promptly occupied by

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in the Seven Years' War as a reason to believe in ultimate victory over France. Britain could not find a powerful ally among the Great Powers to engage France on the European continent. Britain subsequently changed its focus into the Caribbean theater, and diverted major military resources away from

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Many Americans opposed a French alliance, fearing to "exchange one tyranny for another", but this changed after a series of military setbacks in early 1776. As France had nothing to gain from the colonies reconciling with Britain, Congress had three choices; making peace on British terms, continuing

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to Howe. Strategic deficiencies among Patriot forces were evident: Washington divided a numerically weaker army in the face of a stronger one, his inexperienced staff misread the military situation, and American troops fled in the face of enemy fire. The successes led to predictions that the British

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on July 9. At this point, the revolution ceased to be an internal dispute over trade and tax policies and had evolved into a civil war, since each state represented in Congress was engaged in a struggle with Britain, but also split between American Patriots and American Loyalists. Patriots generally

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insisted Congress recognize Parliament's right to regulate colonial trade. Expecting concessions by the North administration, Congress authorized the extralegal committees and conventions of the colonial legislatures to enforce the boycott; this succeeded in reducing British imports by 97% from 1774

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The ideological approach that centers on republicanism in the United States. Republicanism dictated there would be no royalty, aristocracy or national church but allowed for continuation of the British common law, which American lawyers and jurists understood and approved and used in their everyday

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and political system. Political power was not controlled by an aristocracy or nobility in the 13 colonies; instead, the colonial political system was based on the winners of free elections, which were open at the time to the majority of white men. In analysis of the Revolution, historians in recent

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As directed by a Congressional resolution of May 26, 1783, all non-commissioned officers and enlisted were furloughed "to their homes" until the "definitive treaty of peace", when they would be automatically discharged. The U.S. armies were directly disbanded in the field as of Washington's General

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On April 9, 1783, Washington issued orders that he had long waited to give, that "all acts of hostility" were to cease immediately. That same day, by arrangement with Washington, Carleton issued a similar order to British troops. British troops, however, were not to evacuate until a prisoner of war

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Facing difficulties with Spain over claims involving the Mississippi River, and from France who was still reluctant to agree to American independence until all her demands were met, John Jay promptly told the British that he was willing to negotiate directly with them, cutting off France and Spain,

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When the commissioners returned to London in November 1778, they recommended a change in policy. Sir Henry Clinton, the new British Commander-in-Chief in America, was ordered to stop treating the rebels as enemies, rather than subjects whose loyalty might be regained. Those standing orders would be

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British negotiators now proposed a second peace settlement to Congress. The terms presented by the Carlisle Peace Commission included acceptance of the principle of self-government. Parliament would recognize Congress as the governing body, suspend any objectionable legislation, surrender its right

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from 1771 to 1782. Defeat at Saratoga in 1777 made it clear the revolt would not be easily suppressed, especially after the Franco-American alliance of February 1778, and French declaration of war in June. With Spain also expected to join the conflict, the Royal Navy needed to prioritize either the

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formed in February included former slaves whose owners were compensated; however, only 140 of its 225 soldiers were black and recruitment stopped in June 1788. Ultimately, around 5,000 African Americans served in the Continental Army and Navy in a variety of roles, while another 4,000 were employed

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Women also assumed military roles: aside from military tasks like treating the wounded or setting up camp, some dressed as men to directly support combat, fight, or act as spies on both sides of the Revolutionary War. Anna Maria Lane joined her husband in the Army and wore men's clothes by the time

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Wealthy Loyalists convinced the British government that most of the colonists were sympathetic toward the Crown; consequently, British military planners relied on recruiting Loyalists, but had trouble recruiting sufficient numbers as the Patriots had widespread support. Nevertheless, they continued

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meant both sides felt the German soldiers might be persuaded to desert; one reason Clinton suggested employing Russians was that he felt they were less likely to defect. When the first German troops arrived on Staten Island in August 1776, Congress approved the printing of handbills, promising land

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The prospect of foreign German soldiers being used in the colonies bolstered support for independence, more so than taxation and other acts combined; the King was accused of declaring war on his own subjects, leading to the idea there were now two separate governments. By apparently showing Britain

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The first supply agreements were signed by the North administration in late 1775; over the next decade, more than 40,000 Germans fought in North America, Gibraltar, South Africa and India, of whom 30,000 served in the American War. Often generically referred to as "Hessians", they included men from

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Over the course of the war, there were four separate British commanders-in-chief. The first was Thomas Gage, appointed in 1763, whose initial focus was establishing British rule in former French areas of Canada. Rightly or wrongly, many in London blamed the revolt on his failure to take firm action

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The British military had considerable experience of fighting in North America, most recently during the Seven Years' War which forced France to give up New France in 1763. However, in previous conflicts they benefited from local logistics, as well as support from the colonial militia, which was not

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By prevailing European standards, the armies in America were relatively small, limited by lack of supplies and logistics. The British were constrained by the logistical difficulty of transporting troops across the Atlantic and their dependence on local supplies. Throughout the war, Washington never

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rather than risk frontal assaults against Britain's professional soldiers and officers. Over the course of the entire war, Washington lost more battles than he won, but he never surrendered his troops and maintained a fighting force in the face of British field armies and never gave up fighting for

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drill and infantry tactics to the entire Continental Army; he did this by training "model companies" in each regiment, who then instructed their home units. Despite Valley Forge being only twenty miles away, Howe made no effort to attack their camp, an action some critics argue could have ended the

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A cease-fire in North America was proclaimed by Congress on April 11, 1783, under a cease-fire agreement between Great Britain and France on January 20, 1783. The final peace treaty was signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified on January 14, 1784, in the U.S., with final ratification exchanged in

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Washington expressed astonishment that the Americans had won a war against a leading world power, referring to the American victory as "little short of a standing miracle". The conflict between British subjects with the Crown against those with the Congress had lasted over eight years from 1775 to

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The 1775 campaign showed the British overestimated the capabilities of their own troops and underestimated the colonial militia, requiring a reassessment of tactics and strategy. However, it allowed the Patriots to take the initiative and British authorities rapidly lost control over every colony.

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Although the Continental Congress was responsible for the war effort and provided supplies to the troops, Washington took it upon himself to pressure Congress and the state legislatures to provide the essentials of war; there was never nearly enough. Congress evolved in its committee oversight and

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was only about 19,000. At the beginning of 1776, Patriot forces consisted of 20,000 men with two-thirds of them in the Continental Army and the other third in the various state militias. About 250,000 American men served as regulars or as militia for the revolutionary cause over eight years during

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Washington designed the overall military strategy of the Revolutionary War in cooperation with Congress, established the principle of civilian supremacy in military affairs, personally recruited his senior officer corps, and kept the states focused on a common goal. For the first three years until

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Each state legislature appointed officers for both county and state militias and their regimental Continental line officers; although Washington was required to accept Congressional appointments, he was still permitted to choose and command his own generals, such as Greene; his chief of artillery,

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Subsequent to Yorktown, American forces were assigned to supervise the armistice between Washington and Clinton made to facilitate British departure following the January 1782 law of Parliament forbidding any further British offensive action in North America. British-American negotiations in Paris

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The Southern Strategy was developed by Lord Germain, based on input from London-based Loyalists, including Joseph Galloway. They argued that it made no sense to fight the Patriots in the north where they were strongest, while the New England economy was reliant on trade with Britain, regardless of

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Backed by the Whigs, Parliament initially rejected the imposition of coercive measures by 170 votes, fearing an aggressive policy would simply drive the Americans towards independence. However, by the end of 1774 the collapse of British authority meant both Lord North and George III were convinced

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The vast exchange of territory ultimately destabilized existing alliances and trade networks between settlers and Indians in the west, while it proved impossible to prevent encroachment beyond the Proclamation Line. With the exception of Virginia and others deprived of rights to western lands, the

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petitioned Congress to abolish slavery; the number of abolitionist movements greatly increased, and by 1804 all the northern states had outlawed it. However, even many like Adams who viewed slavery as a 'foul contagion' opposed the 1790 petition as a threat to the Union. In 1808, Jefferson passed

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Most Native Americans east of the Mississippi River were affected by the war, and many tribes were divided over how to respond to the conflict. A few tribes were friendly with the colonists, but most Natives opposed the union of the Colonies as a potential threat to their territory. Approximately

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As a Patriot victory became increasingly likely, the treatment of Black Loyalists became a point of contention; after the surrender of Yorktown in 1781, Washington insisted all escapees be returned but Cornwallis refused. In 1782 and 1783, around 8,000 to 10,000 freed blacks were evacuated by the

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When the early war policy was administered by Howe, the Crown's need to maintain Loyalist support prevented it from using the traditional revolt suppression methods. The British cause suffered when their troops ransacked local homes during an aborted attack on Charleston in 1779 that enraged both

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refused to provide passage through his territories for troops hired for the American war. In March 1776, the agreements were challenged in Parliament by Whigs who objected to "coercion" in general, and the use of foreign soldiers to subdue "British subjects". The debates were covered in detail by

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Congress primarily commissioned privateers to reduce costs and to take advantage of the large proportion of colonial sailors found in the British Empire. In total, they included 1,700 ships that successfully captured 2,283 enemy ships to damage the British effort and to enrich themselves with the

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failed due to bad weather. Under heavy bombardment with dwindling supplies, Cornwallis felt his situation was hopeless and on October 16 sent emissaries to General Washington to negotiate their surrender; after twelve hours of negotiations, the terms of surrender were finalized the following day.

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viewed the offer as insincere; he refused to present the petition to the king, which was therefore rejected in early September. Although constitutionally correct, since George could not oppose his own government, it disappointed those Americans who hoped he would mediate in the dispute, while the

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sided with the Americans. To retaliate against raids on American settlement by Loyalists and their Indian allies, the Continental Army dispatched the Sullivan Expedition on a punitive expedition throughout New York to debilitate the Iroquois tribes that had sided with the British. Mohawk leaders

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In addition to as many as 30% deaths in port cities, and especially high rates among the closely confined prisoner-of-war ships, scholars have reported large numbers lost among the Mexican population, and large percentage losses among the American Indian along trade routes, Atlantic to Pacific,

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Although the Revolution eliminated many forms of inequality, it did little to change the status of women, despite the role they played in winning independence. Most significantly, it failed to end slavery which continued to be a serious social and political issue and caused divisions that would

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Estimates of the numbers who served the British during the war vary from 25,000 to 50,000, excluding those who escaped during wartime. Thomas Jefferson estimated that Virginia may have lost 30,000 slaves in total escapes. In South Carolina, nearly 25,000 slaves (about 30 percent of the enslaved

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When the Revolutionary War began, the Second Continental Congress lacked a professional army or navy, but each colony maintained local militias. Militiamen were lightly armed, had little training, and usually did not have uniforms. Their units served for only a few weeks or months at a time and

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issued by Clinton extended the offer of freedom to Patriot-owned slaves throughout the colonies. It persuaded entire families to escape to British lines, many of which were employed on farms to grow food for the army by removing the requirement for military service. While Clinton organized the

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When the British began probing the backcountry in 1777–1778, they were faced with a major problem: any significant level of organized Loyalist activity required a continued presence of British regulars. The available manpower that the British had in America was insufficient to protect Loyalist

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The expulsion of France from North America in 1763 led to a drastic reduction in British troop levels in the colonies; in 1775, there were only 8,500 regular soldiers among a civilian population of 2.8 million. The bulk of military resources in the Americas were focused on defending sugar

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suggests the odds always favored the Americans, especially after Howe squandered the chance of a decisive British success in 1776, an "opportunity that would never come again". The US military history speculates the additional commitment of 10,000 fresh troops in 1780 would have placed British

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on the Hudson River about sixty miles north of New York City, and there the substance of the Continental Army was furloughed home with officers at half pay until the Treaty of Paris formally ended the war on September 3, 1783. At that time, Congress decommissioned the regiments of Washington's

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was formed for "the sole purpose of corresponding with our friends in Great Britain and other parts of the world". From 1775 to 1776, the committee shared information and built alliances through secret correspondence, as well as employing secret agents in Europe to gather intelligence, conduct

6639:

The mandate came by way of Benjamin Rush, chair of the Medical Committee. Congress had directed that all troops who had not previously survived smallpox infection be inoculated. In explaining himself to state governors, Washington lamented that he had lost "an army" to smallpox in 1776 by the

4462:

Although the Dutch Republic was no longer a major power prior to 1774, they still dominated the European carrying trade, and Dutch merchants made large profits by shipping French-supplied munitions to the Patriots. This ended when Britain declared war in December 1780, and the conflict proved

2916:

and the civilian inhabitants of the area that their lives and property would not be in any danger if they offered no resistance, to which they complied. Hopkins captured large stores of powder and other munitions that was so great he had to impress an extra ship in the harbor to transport the

6703:

In Nova Scotia, a province that had been a Massachusetts county in the 1600s, British settlement of freed black Loyalists from the American Revolutionary War secured its Canadian claim there. Britain continued its last "Bourbon War" with the French and Spanish primarily amidst their mutually

5519:

An Anglo-American Preliminary Peace was formally entered into in November 1782, and Congress endorsed the settlement on April 15, 1783. It announced the achievement of peace with independence, and the conclusive treaty was signed on September 2, 1783, in Paris, effective the following day on

3520:

on its own exceeded that of all American exports combined. Talks progressed slowly until October 1777, when British defeat at Saratoga and their apparent willingness to negotiate peace convinced Vergennes only a permanent alliance could prevent the "disaster" of Anglo-American rapprochement.

3481:

considered the 1763 Peace a national humiliation and viewed the war as an opportunity to weaken Britain. He initially avoided open conflict, but allowed American ships to take on cargoes in French ports, a technical violation of neutrality. Although public opinion favored the American cause,

5638:

Of the European powers with American colonies adjacent to the newly created U.S., Spain was most threatened by American independence, and it was correspondingly the most hostile to it. Its territory adjacent to the U.S. was relatively undefended, so Spanish policy developed a combination of

4435:

identifies three separate types of warfare during the Revolutionary War. The first was a colonial conflict in which objections to imperial trade regulation were as significant as taxation policy. The second was a civil war with all Thirteen Colonies split between American Patriots, American

5746:

The American Revolution established the United States with its numerous civil liberties and set an example to overthrow both monarchy and colonial governments. The United States has the world's oldest written constitution, and the constitutions of other free countries often bear a striking

5385:

relocate their fleet to the Caribbean in November 1781 and resumed a close blockade of American trade. The resulting economic damage and rising inflation meant the US was now eager to end the war, while France was unable to provide further loans; Congress could no longer pay its soldiers.

6501:, reinforced by infantry from regiments of Jose de Ezpeleta from Havana. In the assault on Pensacola, the Spanish Army contingents from Havana exceeded 9,000. For the final days of the siege at Pensacola siege, Admiral Jose Solano's fleet landed 1,600 crack infantry veterans from that of 4240:

to secure West Florida, including British-held Mobile and Pensacola. The Spanish operations impaired the British supply of armaments to British Indian allies, which effectively suspended a military alliance to attack settlers between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains.

4125:

When Spain joined France's war against Britain in the Anglo-French War in 1779, their treaty specifically excluded Spanish military action in North America. Later that year, however, Gálvez initiated offensive operations against British outposts. First, he cleared British garrisons in

3636:

Vergennes's colleague stated, "For her honour, France had to seize this opportunity to rise from her degradation ... If she neglected it, if fear overcame duty, she would add debasement to humiliation, and become an object of contempt to her own century and to all future peoples".

3893:

In June 1779, Prévost launched an abortive assault on Charleston, before retreating to Savannah, an operation notorious for widespread looting by British troops that enraged both Loyalists and Patriots. In October, a joint French and American operation under d'Estaing and General

4759:

available in the American Revolutionary War. Reinforcements had to come from Europe, and maintaining large armies over such distances was extremely complex; ships could take three months to cross the Atlantic, and orders from London were often outdated by the time they arrived.

3745:, leaving the Iroquois destitute and destroying the Iroquois confederacy as an independent power on the American frontier. However, the military expedition did not result in peace. 5,000 Iroquois fled to Canada. Supplied and supported by the British, they continued their raids. 3881:

on December 29, 1778. He recruited a Loyalist militia of nearly 1,100, many of whom allegedly joined only after Campbell threatened to confiscate their property. Poor motivation and training made them unreliable troops, as demonstrated in their defeat by Patriot militia at the

5603:

alone. It included millions of sparsely settled acres south of the Great Lakes line between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River, much of which was part of Canada. The tentative colonial migration west became a flood during the years of the Revolutionary War.

4005:, leaving the British in Georgia confined to Charleston and Savannah. The assumption Loyalists would do most of the fighting left the British short of troops and battlefield victories came at the cost of losses they could not replace. Despite halting Greene's advance at the 5713:

A British report in 1781 puts their total Army deaths at 6,046 in North America (1775–1779). Approximately 7,774 Germans died in British service in addition to 4,888 deserters; among those labeled German deserters, however, it is estimated that 1,800 were killed in combat.

6573:

Clodfelter reports that the total deaths among the British and their allies numbered 15,000 killed in battle or died of wounds. These included estimates of 3000 Germans, 3000 Loyalists and Canadians, 3000 lost at sea, and 500 Native Americans killed in battle or died of

4830:. His replacement was Sir William Howe, a member of the Whig faction in Parliament who opposed the policy of coercion advocated by Lord North; Cornwallis, who later surrendered at Yorktown, was one of many senior officers who initially refused to serve in North America. 5492:, who had negotiated Laurens' release from the Tower of London. The Preliminary Peace signed on November 30 met four key Congressional demands: independence, territory up to the Mississippi, navigation rights into the Gulf of Mexico, and fishing rights in Newfoundland. 3670:

At the end of 1777, Howe resigned and was replaced by Sir Henry Clinton on May 24, 1778; with French entry into the war, he was ordered to consolidate his forces in New York. On June 18, the British departed Philadelphia with the reinvigorated Americans in pursuit; the

3842:

who governed it. On the other hand, duties on tobacco made the South far more profitable for Britain, while local support meant securing it required small numbers of regular troops. Victory would leave a truncated United States facing British possessions in the south,

2174:, which came to power in January 1770 and remained in office until 1781. North insisted on retaining duty on tea to enshrine Parliament's right to tax the colonies; the amount was minor, but ignored the fact it was that very principle Americans found objectionable. 3304:, leaving Howe to decide whether to join them. Reasonable in principle, this did not account for the logistical difficulties involved and Burgoyne erroneously assumed Howe would remain on the defensive; Germain's failure to make this clear meant he opted to attack 5074:

the Battle of Germantown happened. The Virginia General Assembly later cited her bravery: she fought while dressed as a man and "performed extraordinary military services, and received a severe wound at the battle of Germantown ... with the courage of a soldier".

3410:

failed; a second attack captured Fort Mifflin on November 16, while Fort Mercer was abandoned two days later when Cornwallis breached the walls. His supply lines secured, Howe tried to tempt Washington into giving battle, but after inconclusive skirmishing at the

5163:

in Patriot militia units, aboard privateers, or as teamsters, servants, and spies. After the war, a small minority received land grants or Congressional pensions in old age; many others were returned to their masters post-war despite earlier promises of freedom.

6679:

sought to avoid fighting with either Virginian Clark or Frenchman La Balme. On La Balme's horseback advance on Detroit, he paused two weeks to ruin a local French trader and loot surrounding Miami towns. La Balme might have treated them as allies, but he pushed

2109:

were funded locally but with the ending of the French threat in 1763, the legislatures expected less taxation, not more. At the same time, the huge debt incurred by the Seven Years' War and demands from British taxpayers for cuts in government expenditure meant

4436:

Loyalists, and those who preferred to remain neutral in the revolution and war. Particularly in the south, many battles were fought between Patriots and Loyalists with no British involvement, leading to divisions that continued after independence was achieved.

1915:, which accepted American independence and began negotiating the Treaty of Paris, ratified on September 3, 1783. Great Britain acknowledged the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America, bringing the American Revolutionary War to an end. The 3592:

agreement of 1949. This was because the US had agreed not to make peace without France, while Aranjuez committed France to keep fighting until Spain recovered Gibraltar, effectively making it a condition of U.S. independence without the knowledge of Congress.

4918:

American newspapers, which reprinted key speeches and in May 1776 they received copies of the treaties themselves. Provided by British sympathizers, these were smuggled into North America from London by George Merchant, a recently released American prisoner.

4983:

Approximately 25,000 Loyalists fought for the British throughout the war. Although Loyalists constituted about twenty percent of the colonial population, they were concentrated in distinct communities. Many of them lived among large plantation owners in the

6693:

Governor Bernardo de Gálvez is only one of eight men made honorary US citizens for his service in the American Cause. see Bridget Bowman (29 December 2014). "Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid's Very Good Year". Roll Call. The Economist Group. Retrieved April 25,

4838:

an expert on tactics and strategy, like his predecessors Clinton was handicapped by chronic supply issues. As a result, he was largely inactive in 1779 and much of 1780; in October 1780, he warned Germain of "fatal consequences" if matters did not improve.

4653:

During the first summer of the war, Washington began outfitting schooners and other small seagoing vessels to prey on ships supplying the British in Boston. The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Navy on October 13, 1775, and appointed

3319:

retreated, his troops blocked roads, destroyed bridges, dammed streams, and stripped the area of food. This slowed Burgoyne's progress and forced him to send out large foraging expeditions; on one of these, more than 700 British troops were captured at the

3213:, to assume no attack of any consequence would occur. At daybreak on the 26th, the American Patriots surprised and overwhelmed Rall and his troops, who lost over 20 killed including Rall, while 900 prisoners, German cannons and much supply were captured. 5472:

of New York had been consul to Spain and was a past president of the Continental Congress. As consul to the Dutch Republic, Henry Laurens of South Carolina had secured a preliminary agreement for a trade agreement. He had been a successor to John Jay as

3905:

Reinforced by Clinton, Cornwallis's troops captured Charleston in May 1780, inflicting the most serious Patriot defeat of the war; over 5,000 prisoners were taken and the Continental Army in the south effectively destroyed. On May 29, Lieutenant-Colonel

4467:, Sweden, and Denmark in March 1780 that protected neutral ships from being stopped and searched for contraband by Britain and France. While of limited effect, these interventions forced the British to divert men and resources away from North America. 5020:

and 200 infantry supported by batteries of flying artillery. It was commanded by Tarleton and gained a fearsome reputation in the colonies for "brutality and needless slaughter".In May 1779 the British Legion was one of five regiments that formed the

5262:'s raids into South Carolina and assisted Britain during the siege of Savannah. Many Native Americans were involved in the fight between Britain and Spain on the Gulf Coast and along the British side of the Mississippi River. Thousands of Muscogee, 4882:, including Britain. During the Seven Years' War, foreign soldiers comprised 10% of the British army and their use caused little debate. When it became clear additional troops were needed to suppress the revolt in America, it was decided to employ 2082:

agreed on the boundaries but disagreed on where to set them. Many settlers resented the restrictions entirely, and enforcement required permanent garrisons along the frontier, which led to increasingly bitter disputes over who should pay for them.

4886:. There were several reasons for this, including public sympathy for the Patriot cause, an historical reluctance to expand the British army and the time needed to recruit and train new regiments. An alternate source was readily available in the 4696:

in a 45-minute duel while escorting Spanish gold from Havana to the Congress in Philadelphia. After Yorktown, all US Navy ships were sold or given away; it was the first time in America's history that it had no fighting forces on the high seas.

4232:

attacked the encamped settlers on November 5. The war in the west stalemated with the British garrison sitting in Detroit and the Virginians expanding westward settlements north of the Ohio River in the face of British-allied Indian resistance.

5321:

In the western theater of the American Revolutionary War, conflicts between settlers and Native Americans led to lingering distrust. In the 1783 Treaty of Paris, Great Britain ceded control of the disputed lands between the Great Lakes and the

3028:. The efforts of Washington and the Culper Spy Ring substantially increased the effective allocation and deployment of Continental regiments in the field. Throughout the war, Washington spent more than 10 percent of his total military funds on 20458: 4821:

alone generated more revenue than all thirteen American colonies combined. With the end of the Seven Years' War, the permanent army in Britain was also cut back, which resulted in administrative difficulties when the war began a decade later.

2796:

for their support, while US envoys urged them to remain neutral. Aware of Native American leanings toward the British and fearing an Anglo-Indian attack from Canada, Congress authorized a second invasion in April 1775. After the defeat at the

6858:, and they also challenged Jesuit dominance in the Catholic Church there. American ship captains were known to have smuggled banned copies of the Declaration of Independence into Spanish Caribbean ports, provoking Spanish colonial discontent. 3000:

on July 2. The Americans rejected Howe's informal attempt to negotiate peace on July 30; Washington knew that an attack on the city was imminent and realized that he needed advance information to deal with disciplined British regular troops.

3612:

to refuse. Although the Republic was no longer a major power, prior to 1774 they still dominated the European carrying trade, and Dutch merchants made large profits shipping French-supplied munitions to the Patriots. This ended when Britain

3532:. In return for French guarantees of American independence, Congress undertook to defend their interests in the West Indies, while both sides agreed not to make a separate peace; conflict over these provisions would lead to the 1798 to 1800 2213:. Since most American tea was smuggled by the Dutch, the act was opposed by those who managed the illegal trade, while being seen as yet another attempt to impose the principle of taxation by Parliament. In December 1773, a group called the 4405:

Continental Army and began issuing land grants to veterans in the Northwest Territory for their war service. The last British occupation of New York City ended on November 25, 1783, with the departure of Clinton's replacement, General Sir

2718:, a frontal assault in which they suffered over 1,000 casualties. Dismayed at the costly attack which had gained them little, Gage appealed to London for a larger army to suppress the revolt, but instead was replaced as commander by Howe. 6553:

Contains a detailed listing of American, French, British, German, and Loyalist regiments; indicates when they were raised, the main battles, and what happened to them. Also includes the main warships on both sides, and all the important

3289:, proposing a limited offensive against Philadelphia, while a second force moved down the Hudson from Canada. Germain received this on February 23, 1777, followed a few days later by a memorandum from Burgoyne, then in London on leave. 6362:

The British hired over 30,000 professional soldiers from various German states who served in North America from 1775 to 1782. Commentators and historians often refer to them as mercenaries or auxiliaries, terms that are sometimes used

3941:

on August 16, leaving Cornwallis free to enter North Carolina. Despite battlefield success, the British could not control the countryside and Patriot attacks continued; before moving north, Cornwallis sent Loyalist militia under Major

5783:

The body of historical writings on the American Revolution cite many motivations for the Patriot revolt that ultimately led to the nation's independence and establishment. American Patriots stressed the denial of their constitutional

3540:

was invited to join on the same terms but refused, largely due to concerns over the impact of the Revolution on Spanish colonies in the Americas. Spain had complained on multiple occasions about encroachment by American settlers into

5830:. Historians since the 1960s have emphasized that the Patriot constitutional argument was made possible by the emergence of a sense of American nationalism that united the Thirteen Colonies. In turn, that nationalism was rooted in a 4479:

evolved into a protracted war. Their thirteen colonial state populations were largely prosperous and depended on local production for food and supplies rather than on imports from Britain, which took six to twelve weeks to arrive by

5635:, authored by Hamilton, went into effect on February 29, 1796. At the same time, the Spanish also sponsored war within the U.S. by Indian proxies in its Southwest Territory ceded by France to Britain, then Britain to the Americans. 4421:

A map of principal campaigns in the American Revolutionary War with British movements in red and American movements in blue; the timeline shows the British won most battles in the war's first half, but Americans won the most in the

6649:

Bird's expedition numbered 150 British soldiers, several hundred Loyalists, and 700 Shawnee, Wyandot, and Ottawa auxiliaries. The force skirted into the eastern regions of Patriot-conquered western Quebec that had been annexed as

6853:

There had been native-born Spanish (hidalgo) uprisings in several American colonies during the American Revolution, contesting mercantilist reforms of Carlos III that had removed privileges inherited from the Conquistadors among

4744:. Washington worked closely with the soldiers and navy that France would send to America, primarily through Lafayette on his staff. French assistance made critical contributions required to defeat Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781. 14930:

George III, his Britannic Majesty; Commissioners of the United States of America. "Preliminary Articles of Peace" (30 November 1782). 18th Century; British-American Diplomacy. Yale Law School Avalon Project. Retrieved 6 October

3918:

Previously, captured Patriots were sent home after swearing not to take up arms against the king; they were now required to fight their former comrades, while the confiscation of Patriot-owned plantations led formerly neutral "

4560:

after fall of Philadelphia and the six-month encampment at Valley Forge, the Continental Army was largely supplemented by local state militias. Washington initially employed the inexperienced officers and untrained troops in

4544:, and appointed Washington as its commander-in-chief. However, it suffered significantly from the lack of an effective training program and from largely inexperienced officers and sergeants, offset by a few senior officers. 3902:. Prévost was replaced by Lord Cornwallis, who assumed responsibility for Germain's strategy; he soon realized estimates of Loyalist support were considerably over-stated, and he needed far larger numbers of regular forces. 3973:

led by Benedict Arnold in January 1781. Greene led Cornwallis on a series of countermarches around North Carolina; by early March, the British were exhausted and short of supplies and Greene felt strong enough to fight the

6784:

King George III feared that the war's prospects would make it unlikely he could reclaim the North American colonies. During the later years of the Revolution, the British were drawn into numerous other conflicts about the

3066:, but it failed to conclude peace, largely because the British delegates only had the authority to offer pardons and could not recognize independence. On September 15, Howe seized control of New York City when the British 2475:

Identifying inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies as "one people", the declaration simultaneously dissolved political links with Britain, while including a long list of alleged violations of "English rights" committed by

2318:. The increase in tension led to a scramble for control of militia stores, which each assembly was legally obliged to maintain for defense. On April 19, a British attempt to secure the Concord arsenal culminated in the 4585:'s military training. Immediately after the Continental Army emerged from Valley Forge in June 1778, it proved its ability to match the military capabilities of the British at the Battle of Monmouth, including a black 3596:

To encourage French participation in the struggle for independence, the U.S. representative in Paris, Silas Deane promised promotion and command positions to any French officer who joined the Continental Army. Such as

4602:, appointing Major General Benjamin Lincoln to the position in February 1781. Washington worked closely with Lincoln to coordinate civilian and military authorities and took charge of training and supplying the army. 3216:

The Battle of Trenton restored the American army's morale, reinvigorated the Patriot cause, and dispelled their fear of what they regarded as Hessian "mercenaries". A British attempt to retake Trenton was repulsed at

2745:. Under cover of darkness, on March 5, Washington placed these on Dorchester Heights, from where they could fire on the town and British ships in Boston Harbor. Fearing another Bunker Hill, Howe evacuated the city on 4658:

as its first commander; for most of the war, the Continental Navy included only a handful of small frigates and sloops, supported by numerous privateers. On November 10, 1775, Congress authorized the creation of the

4430:

empire, the British had to defeat the Continental Army in the early months, and compel the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia to dissolve and retract its claim to self-governance. Historian Terry M. Mays of

1882:

campaign against the Iroquois who were largely allied with the British. Indian raids on the American frontier, however, continued to be a problem. Also, in 1779, Spain allied with France against Great Britain in the

22930: 1906:

in September and October 1781. Cornwallis was forced to surrender in October. The British wars with France and Spain continued for another two years, but fighting largely ceased in North America. In April 1782, the

5862:

practice. Historians have examined how the rising American legal profession adopted British common law to incorporate republicanism by selective revision of legal customs and by introducing more choices for courts.

6666:. At the surrender of Ruddles Station, safe passage to families was promised, but 200 were massacred by Indian raiders. Grenier maintains that "The slaughter the Indians and rangers perpetrated was unprecedented". 6794:

The final elements for US victory over Britain and US independence was assured by direct military intervention from France, as well as ongoing French supply and commercial trade over the final three years of the

4496:, and the Patriots enjoyed more popular support than the Loyalists. Britain hoped that the Loyalists would do much of the fighting, but found that the Loyalists did not engage as significantly as they had hoped. 3332:

on August 6, he was abandoned by his Indian allies and withdrew to Quebec on August 22. Now isolated and outnumbered by Gates, Burgoyne continued onto Albany rather than retreating to Fort Ticonderoga, reaching

4581:(1781) were won by trapping the British far from base with a greater number of troops. After 1778, however, Washington's army was transformed into a more disciplined and effective force, mostly as a product of 3089:

on November 16. The British victory there amounted to Washington's most disastrous defeat with the loss of 3,000 prisoners. The remaining American regiments on Long Island fell back four days later. General

20456: 18149: 6684:

into warrior leadership, converting most Miami tribes into British military allies, and launching the military career of one of the most successful opponents of westward settlement over the next 30 years.

2671:, who were considered the principal instigators of the rebellion. The operation was to begin around midnight on April 19, in the hope of completing it before the American Patriots could respond. However, 130: 5851:

view places the American story in a broader context, including subsequent revolutions in France and Haiti. It tends to reintegrate the historiographies of the American Revolution and the British Empire.

22874: 3292:

Burgoyne supplied several alternatives, all of which gave him responsibility for the offensive, with Howe remaining on the defensive. The option selected required him to lead the main force south from

5892: 5699:

Up to 70,000 American Patriots died during active military service. Of these, approximately 6,800 were killed in battle, while at least 17,000 died from disease. The majority of the latter died while

5081:

is said to have ridden to alert militia forces of Putnam County, New York, and Danbury, Connecticut, to warn them of the British's approach; she has been called the "female Paul Revere". A report in

4577:

On the whole, American officers never equaled their British opponents in tactics and maneuvers, and they lost most of the pitched battles. The great successes at Boston (1776), Saratoga (1777), and

5908: 3730: 5947: 27225: 4598:

established the Board of War, which included members of the military. Because the Board of War was also a committee ensnared with its own internal procedures, Congress also created the post of

22923: 22435: 6662:, rumor among the natives spread that the feared Colonel Clark had discovered their approach. Bird's natives and Loyalists abandoned their mission 90 miles upriver to loot settlements at the 5587:

Orders on Monday, June 2, 1783. Once the Treaty of Paris was signed with Britain on September 3, 1783, Washington resigned as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and left to retire at

4740:

On June 13, 1778, France declared war on Great Britain, and it invoked the French military alliance with the U.S., which ensured additional U.S. private support for French possessions in the

3771:; although the Americans withdrew, Knyphausen felt he was not strong enough to engage Washington's main force and retreated. A second attempt two weeks later ended in a British defeat at the 27945: 22741: 6115: 20457: 6604:

tavern, and was apprehended with maps and sketches of British fortifications and troop positions in his pockets. Howe ordered that he be summarily hung as a spy without trial the next day.

17311: 4859: 3950:, dispersing organized Loyalist resistance in the region. Despite this, Cornwallis continued into North Carolina hoping for Loyalist support, while Washington replaced Gates with General 1244: 4256:

was one of the last major engagements of the American Revolutionary War. News of the treaty between Great Britain and the United States arrived late that year. By this time, about 7% of

28437: 24520: 5684:

The total loss of life throughout the conflict is largely unknown. As was typical in wars of the era, diseases such as smallpox claimed more lives than battle. Between 1775 and 1782, a

2233:, aimed specifically at Massachusetts, although many colonists and members of the Whig opposition considered them a threat to liberty in general. This led to increased sympathy for the 2133:; routinely ignored before 1763, it had a significant economic impact since 85% of New England rum exports were manufactured from imported molasses. These measures were followed by the 14690:

Esek Hopkins, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy During the American Revolution, 1775 to 1778: Master Mariner, politician, Brigadier General, Naval Officer, and Philanthropist

4488:

Each of the thirteen colonies also had a long-established system of local militia, which were combat-tested in support of British regulars thirteen years before to secure an expanded

2721:

On June 14, 1775, Congress took control of American Patriot forces outside Boston, and Congressional leader John Adams nominated Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly formed

22916: 21263: 13713:

Observance of the One Hundred and Twenty-third Anniversary of the Evacuation of Philadelphia by the British Army: Fort Washington and the Encampment of White Marsh, November 2, 1777

4372:

left New York for Yorktown. After landing troops and munitions for the besiegers on August 30, de Grasse remained in Chesapeake Bay and intercepted him on September 5; although the

3646: 1627: 22716: 3020:, he soon realized that he would need more than military might and amateur spies to defeat the British. He was committed to professionalizing military intelligence. With aid from 2525: 1566: 18280:

American Revolution, (1775–83), insurrection by which 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies won political independence and went on to form the United States of America.

3453: 29806: 28310: 5392:

to form a government; a consistent supporter of the Patriot cause, he made a commitment to U.S. independence a condition of doing so. George III reluctantly accepted and the

3117:

In London, news of the victorious Long Island campaign was well received with festivities held in the capital. Public support reached a peak, and King George III awarded the

24448: 6105: 28027: 18174: 6881:. Uncertainty arises from the difficulties in accurately calculating the number of those who succumbed to disease, as it is estimated at least 10,000 died in 1776 alone. 5579:

their last East Coast port cities in Savannah, Charleston, and New York City, by November 25, 1783, which marked the end of British occupation in the new United States.

5070:

to sell goods and perform necessary tasks in hospitals and camps. They were a necessary part of eighteenth-century armies, and numbered in the thousands during the war.

16078:

Louis XVI, his most Christian King; Commissioners of the United States of America. "Treaty of Alliance" (6 February 1778). 18th Century. Yale Law School Avalon Project.

5158:

were barred from the Continental Army until Washington convinced Congress in January 1778 that there was no other way to replace losses from disease and desertion. The

2404:

approved the recruitment of new regiments, while allowing Catholics to enlist for the first time. Britain also signed a series of treaties with German states to supply

28032: 23372: 18012: 4356:

to relocate to the Atlantic seaboard, a move Arbuthnot did not anticipate. This provided Lafayette naval support, while the failure of previous combined operations at

1174: 1005: 14988: 3205:

Meanwhile, the Hessians were involved in numerous clashes with small bands of Patriots and were often aroused by false alarms at night in the weeks before the actual

3122:

could win within a year. In the meantime, the British established winter quarters in the New York City area and anticipated renewed campaigning the following spring.

2687:, was a brief skirmish at Lexington, followed by the full-scale Battles of Lexington and Concord. British troops suffered around 300 casualties before withdrawing to 2464:. The declaration was written almost exclusively by Jefferson, who wrote it largely in isolation between June 11 and June 28, 1776, in a three-story residence at 700 1866:

in an American victory that proved crucial in convincing France and Spain that an independent United States was a viable possibility. After Saratoga, France signed a

28127: 27467: 27337: 26201: 25380: 20947: 18650: 5928: 3748:

During the winter of 1779–1780, the Continental Army suffered greater hardships than at Valley Forge. Morale was poor, public support fell away in the long war, the

2729:, and on June 16, Hancock officially proclaimed him "General and Commander in Chief of the army of the United Colonies." He assumed command on July 3, preferring to 2556: 2380: 21204: 6965:

worldwide during the era. The impact on merchant shipping was substantial; 2,283 were taken by American privateers. Worldwide 1775–1784, an estimated 3,386 British

4730:; the Dutch, impressed by these American victories and conflicts, moved from covertly supplying the Americans with weapons and supplies to overtly supporting them. 22440: 6100: 5484:

The Whig negotiators for Lord Rockingham and his successor, Prime Minister Lord Shelburne, included long-time friend of Benjamin Franklin from his time in London,

3512:

to begin negotiations with Vergennes, whose key objectives were replacing Britain as the United States' primary commercial and military partner while securing the

2162:

on suspicion of smuggling. Tensions escalated further in March 1770 when British troops fired on rock-throwing civilians, killing five in what became known as the

20503: 3301: 28717: 27597: 18157: 4314:

Clinton spent most of 1781 based in New York City; he failed to construct a coherent operational strategy, partly due to his difficult relationship with Admiral

4260:

settlers had been killed in battles against Native Americans, contrasted with 1% of the population killed in the Thirteen Colonies. Lingering resentments led to

3525: 1867: 4397:

to Nova Scotia and the British West Indies. Native American allies of the British and some freed blacks were left to escape unaided through the American lines.

3281:

would be a prolonged affair, which led to a change in British strategy. This involved isolating the north from the rest of the country by taking control of the

29476: 28204: 27972: 27806: 27462: 26063: 25882: 6184: 5872: 12830:

Ellen Holmes Pearson. "Revising Custom, Embracing Choice: Early American Legal Scholars and the Republicanization of the Common Law", in Gould and Onuf, eds.

2105:, acting through a local governor, the colonies were largely governed by native-born property owners. While external affairs were managed by London, colonial 28493: 28060: 27950: 26504: 22193: 21661: 21508: 17372: 13202:

Baer, Friederike (Winter 2015). "The Decision to Hire German Troops in the War of American Independence: Reactions in Britain and North America, 1774–1776".

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British from Charleston, Savannah, and New York; some moved onto London, while 3,000 to 4,000 settled in Nova Scotia, where they founded settlements such as

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in 1770, which strengthened North American Patriots' desire for independence from Great Britain. Among further tensions, the British Parliament imposed the

29549: 27828: 23455: 21858: 20538: 5451:. The portrait was never completed because the British commissioners refused to pose. Laurens, pictured, was actually in London at the time it was painted. 5389: 5192: 3874: 1559: 3628:

Meanwhile, George III had given up on subduing America while Britain had a European war to fight. He did not welcome war with France, but he believed the

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Women played various roles during the Revolutionary War; they often accompanied their husbands when permitted to do so. For example, throughout the war

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In addition, Clinton's strategy was compromised by conflict with political superiors in London and his colleagues in North America, especially Admiral

4789: 4189:, by Lieutenant Colonel Clark. The British initiative under Bird from Detroit was ended at the rumored approach of Clark. The scale of violence in the 3800: 3621:, formed by Russia, Sweden and Denmark in March 1780 to protect neutral shipping from being stopped and searched for contraband by Britain and France. 2529: 2521: 2504:

undercover operations, analyze foreign publications, and initiate Patriot propaganda campaigns. Paine served as secretary, while Benjamin Franklin and

1702: 1639: 1607: 1323: 17105: 6623: 4552:, the chief of staff. One of Washington's most successful general officer recruits was Steuben, a veteran of the Prussian general staff who wrote the 2306:

to 1775. However, on February 9 Parliament declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion and instituted a blockade of the colony. In July, the

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Most Native Americans living in the area remembered the French better than any of the British they had met. Despite the British military nearby, the

6009: 4989: 4594:, then president of the Second Continental Congress, "that the possession of our towns, while we have an army in the field, will avail them little." 4586: 4018: 3691:

was indecisive; badly damaged by a storm, the French withdrew to avoid putting their ships at risk. Further activity was limited to British raids on

3650: 3149: 2517: 1634: 5254:

allies of Britain fought against Americans in Georgia and South Carolina. In 1778, a force of 800 Muscogee destroyed American settlements along the

3285:, allowing them to focus on the south where Loyalist support was believed to be substantial. In December 1776, Howe wrote to the Colonial Secretary 2379:, offering to accept royal authority in return for George III mediating in the dispute. However, since the petition was immediately followed by the 2259: 28459: 28432: 27749: 26423: 26048: 25997: 14699: 4381: 3521:

Assurances of formal French support allowed Congress to reject the Carlisle Peace Commission and insist on nothing short of complete independence.

3363:

on August 24. He now compounded failure to support Burgoyne by missing repeated opportunities to destroy his opponent, defeating Washington at the

2149:, which repealed the Stamp Act and reduced tax on foreign molasses to help the New England economy, but re-asserted Parliamentary authority in the 21161: 14303: 4047: 3870: 1000: 28807: 28767: 27103: 26058: 25876: 25771: 25309: 21777: 21283: 19621: 6046: 6041: 5388:

On February 27, 1782, a Whig motion to end the offensive war in America was carried by 19 votes. North now resigned, obliging the king to invite

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was sent to assist Washington; deciding New York was too formidable a target, in August they launched a combined attack on Newport, with General

3091: 2516:

The Revolutionary War included two principal campaign theaters within the Thirteen Colonies, and a smaller but strategically important third one

1891: 1656: 1552: 1109: 24105: 18181:, Series: Campaign Atlases of the United States Army. West Point, New York: United States Military Academy, History Department. 20 October 2020. 18070: 17315: 6523:

British 121,000 (global 1781) "Of 7,500 men in the Gibraltar garrison in September (including 400 in hospital), some 3,430 were always on duty".

2031:, led British authorities to consolidate their hold by populating them with English-speaking settlers. Preventing conflict between settlers and 29801: 28615: 27533: 27020: 26193: 24772: 23334: 22700: 22395: 20473: 20300:

There is an overwhelming consensus that Americans' economic standard of living on the eve of the Revolution was among the highest in the world.

20245:

There is an overwhelming consensus that Americans' economic standard of living on the eve of the Revolution was among the highest in the world.

19863:

A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875: Treaty of Alliance with France 1778, "Article II"

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war objective, a British withdrawal from North America and cession of these regions to the U.S., was completed in stages in East Coast cities.

4127: 2499:

At the onset of the war, the Second Continental Congress realized defeating Britain required foreign alliances and intelligence-gathering. The

2114:

expected the colonies to fund their own defense. The new taxes levied on subjects in the colonies proved highly burdensome in colonies such as

645: 16135:– Highly regarded examination of British strategy and leadership. An introduction by John W. Shy with his biographical sketch of Mackesy. 13409: 6600:

stepped forward, but he was only able to provide Washington with nominal intelligence at that time. On September 21, Hale was recognized in a

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If the upper limit of 70,000 is accepted as the total net loss for the Patriots, it would make the conflict proportionally deadlier than the

3344:

on September 19 resulted in 600 British casualties. When Clinton advised he could not reach them, Burgoyne's subordinates advised retreat; a

3111: 3110:, where it remained for over two months, until February 27, 1777. Loyalist activity surged in the wake of the American defeat, especially in 1353: 21631: 13657: 2607: 28447: 28044: 27860: 27801: 27384: 27342: 27098: 27093: 27088: 27083: 27078: 27073: 27068: 27063: 27058: 27053: 26088: 26028: 25927: 25674: 25602: 25503: 25414: 25390: 25296: 25177: 25093: 25016: 24964: 24884: 23224: 22897: 17198:

Reeve, John L. (2009). "British Naval Strategy: War on a Global Scale". In Hagan, Kenneth J.; McMaster, Michael T.; Stoker, Donald (eds.).

6592:

To learn when and where the attack would occur Washington asked for a volunteer among the Rangers to spy on activity behind enemy lines in

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on January 17, 1781, nearly eliminating it as a fighting force. The Patriots now held the initiative in the south, with the exception of a

2985: 2707: 2079: 18071:"How George Washington's Savvy Won the Day:Despite his share of errors, the commander in chief prevailed as a strategist and a politician" 6937:

into service. Around 1,240 were killed in battle, while an estimated 18,500 died from disease (1776–1780). The greatest killer at sea was

4426:

To win their insurrection, Washington and the Continental Army needed to outlast the British will to continue the fight. To restore their

2842:

on April 20, 1775, led to an increase in tension, although conflict was avoided for the time being. This changed after the publication of

29571: 29414: 29309: 29054: 28792: 27912: 27823: 27565: 27550: 27432: 26859: 26207: 25969: 25784: 22430: 22354: 21843: 21782: 19926: 18168:

U.S. Congress. "Treaty of Greenville 1795" (3 August 1795). Document Collection: 18th Century, 1700–1799. Yale Law School Avalon Project.

14477:

Informal Alliance: Royal Navy And U.S. Navy Co-Operation Against Republican France During The Quasi-War And Wars Of The French Revolution

6436: 6036: 6004: 5710:

The French suffered 2,112 killed in combat in the United States. The Spanish lost a total of 124 killed and 247 wounded in West Florida.

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and Brunswick. Sir Henry Clinton recommended recruiting Russian troops whom he rated very highly, having seen them in action against the

4303: 3826: 3099: 2656: 1899: 1133: 18366: 16297:

The battle of Red Bank, resulting in the defeat of the Hessians and the destruction of the British frigate Augusta, Oct. 22 and 23, 1777

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frequently issued commemorative stamps celebrating the various people and events of the Revolutionary War. The first such stamp was the

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control. In Britain, on the other hand, republicanism was largely a fringe ideology since it challenged the aristocratic control of the

4511: 3910:'s mainly Loyalist force routed a Continental Army force nearly three times its size under the command of Colonel Abraham Buford at the 29397: 28912: 28907: 28897: 28270: 27999: 27247: 26550: 26496: 26460: 26033: 25422: 23387: 23377: 22568: 22385: 22091: 21294: 20639: 14138: 11726: 6095: 5108: 3783:; his attempt to betray the fort to the British failed due to incompetent planning, and the plot was revealed when his British contact 3486: 2275:

calling for the repeal of the Intolerable Acts. However, after some debate, on September 17, 1774, Congress endorsed the Massachusetts

22183: 14878:

History of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill: also an Account of the Bunker Hill Monument

4322:, Cornwallis independently developed an aggressive plan for a campaign in Virginia, which he hoped would isolate Greene's army in the 3946:

to cover his left flank, leaving their forces too far apart to provide mutual support. In early October, Ferguson was defeated at the

3371:

on September 20, Cornwallis occupied Philadelphia on September 26, with the main force of 9,000 under Howe based just to the north at

29566: 29509: 29402: 29231: 28673: 27176: 26106: 26043: 26038: 25991: 25400: 24952: 24912: 23124: 23098: 22259: 21666: 20967: 20890: 20419: 15367: 6051: 5999: 2886: 2433: 2417: 2345: 1812: 422: 417: 198: 18879:. New-York Historical Society. Collections. The John Watts de Peyster publication fund series, no. 49. New York Historical Society. 16771:

O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (Spring 2004). "If Others Will Not Be Active, I Must Drive": George III and the American Revolution".

13626:

Orderly book of Lieut. Gen. John Burgoyne, from his entry into the state of New York until his surrender at Saratoga, 16th Oct. 1777

13583: 13323:

Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff, 1775–2005: Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer

7030: 6350: 4062:. This provided an alternative transportation route for the Continental Army, bypassing the British blockade of the Atlantic Coast. 2900:

to secure ordnance stored there. On March 3, 1776, an American squadron under the command of Esek Hopkins landed at the east end of

29791: 29613: 29409: 28902: 28390: 28330: 27890: 27545: 27437: 27287: 26465: 26377: 26363: 26222: 26173: 26126: 26121: 26068: 26018: 25963: 25466: 25331: 25143: 24556: 24075: 23678: 23448: 23392: 23362: 22425: 21611: 21177: 20604: 20531: 18611: 16951: 6154: 5016:—provided some of the best troops in British service; it received a commission in the British Army. It was a mixed regiment of 250 4734: 4337:, meanwhile, discussed their options. Washington wanted to attack the British in New York, and Rochambeau wanted to attack them in 3444: 3440: 2315: 1924: 372: 367: 11805: 6514:

Admiral Jose Solano's fleet arrived from the Mediterranean Sea to support the Spanish conquest of English Pensacola, West Florida.

5152:

population) either fled, migrated, or died, which significantly disrupted the plantation economies both during and after the war.

4677:

on April 24, 1778, the first victory for any American military vessel in British waters. The last such victory was by the frigate

3311:

Burgoyne set out on June 14, 1777, with a mixed force of British regulars, professional German soldiers and Canadian militia, and

2271:

to agree on a unified response to the crisis. Many of the delegates feared that an all-out boycott would result in war and sent a

29519: 29492: 29451: 29446: 29419: 29349: 29236: 29032: 28839: 28427: 28251: 28149: 27781: 26849: 26509: 26455: 26053: 26012: 25983: 25555: 23324: 21970: 21656: 5766:

and over the next eight years more than 10,000 slaves were given their freedom. With support from Benjamin Franklin, in 1790 the

4107: 4051: 4031: 3858:, Congress would be forced to agree to terms. However, assumptions about the level of Loyalist support proved wildly optimistic. 3598: 1157: 976: 397: 377: 17: 18630: 17220: 17041: 15683: 14217:. Vol. 16 has title:Documents of the American Revolution, 1779–1780. Vol. 12, 15, 17, 18. Shannon: Irish University Press. 4795: 29620: 29329: 29012: 28917: 28747: 28695: 28656: 28223: 28218: 28072: 28009: 27962: 27940: 27905: 27560: 27416: 26116: 25955: 25940: 25865: 25848: 24538: 23357: 23103: 22390: 22173: 21848: 21238: 21017: 17342:

Ritcheson, Charles R. (1973). ""Loyalist Influence" on British Policy Toward the United States After the American Revolution".

6259: 6078: 6056: 5775:, but allowed the domestic slave trade to continue, arguing the federal government had no right to regulate individual states. 4493: 3286: 2832: 2126: 1602: 1073: 382: 19861: 18380: 5113: 4146:, and captured five forts. In doing so, Gálvez opened navigation on the Mississippi River north to the American settlement in 3095: 2801:

on December 31, the Americans maintained a loose blockade of the city until they retreated on May 6, 1776. A second defeat at

29436: 29324: 29194: 29098: 29007: 28931: 28476: 28442: 27457: 27447: 27442: 27300: 27295: 27159: 27124: 26977: 26545: 26442: 26350: 26095: 25977: 25934: 25799: 24767: 24762: 24749: 23871: 23402: 23382: 22998: 22695: 22690: 22349: 21641: 20896: 20589: 20331: 13842: 6132: 5797: 5772: 5707:

in New York Harbor. The number of Patriots seriously wounded or disabled by the war has been estimated from 8,500 to 25,000.

5474: 5357: 5128:

When war began, the population of the Thirteen Colonies included an estimated 500,000 slaves, predominantly used as labor on

5022: 4954: 4059: 3787:

was captured and later executed. Arnold escaped to New York and switched sides, an action justified in a pamphlet addressed "

2847: 2062:

possessions in America. Settlement was tightly restricted beyond the 1763 limits, and claims west of this line, including by

2032: 1970: 731: 551: 392: 25887: 23545: 20254:(March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". 20199:(March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". 18767: 14977: 4701:

proceeds from the sale of cargo and the ship itself. About 55,000 sailors served aboard American privateers during the war.

29632: 29529: 29466: 29456: 29339: 29130: 29093: 29022: 28854: 28819: 28370: 28100: 27833: 27604: 27555: 27528: 27452: 27411: 25761: 24674: 24628: 23901: 23714: 22505: 21868: 20855: 20378:' Digital Collections. Original editions for titles related to the American Revolutionary War are also available online at 18137: 16598: 15932:

American Revolution 100: The Battles, People, and Events of the American War for Independence, Ranked by Their Significance

14286: 12932: 5822: 5751:, often word-for-word in places. It inspired revolutions in France, Haiti, Latin America, and elsewhere in the modern era. 5330:

and allied with the British to resist American settlement, and their conflict continued after the Revolutionary War as the

4131: 3962: 3923: 2769: 2384: 1056: 18784: 18658: 17826: 16217:

Mauch, Christof (Winter 1998). "Images of America—Political Myths—Historiography: "Hessians" in the War of Independence".

6721:

Three branches of the United States Military trace their roots to the American Revolutionary War; the Army comes from the

6493:

deployed 500 Spanish regulars in his New Orleans-based attacks on British-held locations west of the Mississippi River in

6456:

For five months in 1778 from July to November, the French deployed a fleet to assist American operations off of New York,

2432:, which was published on January 10, 1776, and argued for American self-government and was widely reprinted. To draft the 29741: 29588: 29576: 29514: 29271: 28762: 28661: 28258: 27917: 27813: 27697: 26967: 26384: 26134: 25687: 25627: 25217: 24731: 24544: 24478: 23441: 23341: 23309: 22591: 22500: 22380: 22203: 21646: 21636: 21626: 20524: 19659: 18528: 17144: 5987: 5688:

broke out throughout North America, killing an estimated 130,000 among all its populations during those years. Historian

5229: 4376:

was indecisive in terms of losses, Graves was forced to retreat, leaving Cornwallis isolated. An attempted breakout over

3979: 3914:. The battle is controversial for allegations of a massacre, which were later used as a recruiting tool by the Patriots. 3478: 2730: 2480:. This is also one of the first times that the colonies were referred to as "United States", rather than the more common 412: 407: 402: 387: 19886: 15127: 5326:, but the Indian inhabitants were not a part of the peace negotiations. Tribes in the Northwest Territory joined as the 4899: 4143: 2585:

by serving as one of the foremost financiers of the Revolution in the frontier Northwest. Later, he was a co-founder of

2156:

However, this did little to end the discontent; in 1768, a riot started in Boston when the authorities seized the sloop

2070:, were rescinded despite the fact that each colony argued that their boundaries extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the 1995:

with lands held by the British prior to 1763 (in red), land gained by Britain in 1763 (in pink), and lands ceded to the

721: 29561: 29502: 29387: 29382: 29319: 29081: 29042: 29002: 28849: 28802: 28782: 28395: 28022: 28017: 27922: 27870: 27399: 27154: 27013: 26962: 26449: 26212: 26073: 26005: 25945: 25739: 25242: 25232: 25148: 23756: 23329: 23294: 23214: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22475: 21863: 21838: 21772: 21697: 21621: 20952: 20614: 20599: 20320: 20186: 20138: 20086: 20047: 20026: 19994: 19971: 19896: 19767: 19746: 19725: 19610: 19585: 19561: 19527: 19506: 19485: 19366: 19310: 19289: 19270: 19251: 19230: 19170: 19151: 19003: 18982: 18956: 18591: 18570: 18549: 18520: 18491: 18470: 18442: 18421: 18390: 18355: 18331: 18254: 18230: 18124: 18042: 18021: 17997: 17965: 17942: 17921: 17849: 17793: 17772: 17751: 17696: 17628: 17541: 17501: 17470: 17449: 17428: 17407: 17289: 17243: 17209: 17188: 17165: 17094: 17015: 16994: 16973: 16917: 16882: 16861: 16840: 16819: 16761: 16704: 16681: 16662: 16641: 16619: 16564: 16540: 16519: 16498: 16477: 16453: 16408: 16340: 16316: 16284: 16249: 16207: 16183: 16128: 16105: 16068: 16047: 16023: 15980: 15961: 15940: 15881: 15860: 15838: 15817: 15796: 15775: 15754: 15730: 15709: 15671: 15621: 15598: 15566: 15542: 15521: 15500: 15461: 15395: 15356: 15335: 15314: 15293: 15248: 15227: 15203: 15171: 15150: 15095: 15071: 15039: 15018: 14947: 14920: 14899: 14851: 14819: 14754: 14733: 14709: 14677: 14656: 14635: 14614: 14577: 14541: 14520: 14411: 14382: 14361: 14275: 14254: 14222: 14182: 14161: 14127: 14092: 14071: 14050: 14018: 13997: 13976: 13955: 13900: 13875: 13831: 13810: 13789: 13768: 13744: 13684: 13613: 13564: 13545: 13524: 13503: 13482: 13448: 13331: 13250: 13192: 13171: 13148: 13127: 13106: 13085: 13035: 13014: 12993: 12972: 12953: 12871: 12815: 6704:

conflicting territorial claims adjacent the Caribbean Sea, including Jamaica, adjacent the Mediterranean Sea including

6391:

Arnold served on the American side from 1775 to 1780; after defecting, he served on the British side from 1780 to 1783.

6061: 5831: 5789: 5497: 5365: 4890:, where many smaller states had a long tradition of renting their armies to the highest bidder. The most important was 4406: 4027: 3985:

The Patriots now controlled most of the Carolinas and Georgia outside the coastal areas; after a minor reversal at the

3957:

Greene divided his army, leading his main force southeast pursued by Cornwallis; a detachment was sent southwest under

3752:

was virtually worthless, the army was plagued with supply problems, desertion was common, and mutinies occurred in the

2789: 2500: 499: 427: 20428: 18677:"Women's Service with the Revolutionary Army : The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site" 18676: 17668:

George Rogers Clark: Adventure in the Illinois and Selected Documents of the American Revolution at the Frontier Posts

29603: 29583: 29534: 29524: 29392: 29314: 29291: 29251: 29115: 29105: 28982: 28957: 28864: 28844: 28322: 28112: 27838: 27220: 26111: 26101: 25637: 25274: 25111: 24694: 24357: 23702: 23551: 23254: 23189: 22527: 22271: 21422: 18816: 18307: 18085: 6630:, where more American soldiers and sailors died of disease and neglect than died in every battle of the war combined. 6465: 6221: 6179: 5748: 4903: 4720: 4710: 3680: 3609: 3553: 3036: 2882: 2652: 2357: 2129:

to cease trading smuggled goods and enforce customs duties levied in American ports. The most important was the 1733

22178: 20061: 17879: 14319:

Exhibit at the Cabildo Museum, 'Recovered Memories: Spain, New Orleans, and the Support for the American Revolution'

6832:, the British maintained five forts in New York state: two forts at northern Lake Champlain, and three beginning at 6469: 6432: 5966: 4353: 3144: 29608: 29554: 29539: 29441: 29276: 28752: 28705: 28700: 28602: 28529: 28229: 27994: 27523: 26410: 25664: 25493: 25326: 25286: 25165: 24699: 24574: 23581: 23304: 23264: 22495: 22445: 22415: 22400: 22254: 21900: 21362: 21302: 21243: 20500: 19947: 19209: 14830: 14553: 13342: 9794: 6216: 6194: 6164: 6066: 6014: 5816:

has long been cited as a major influence on Revolutionary-era American thinking, but historians David Lundberg and

5285:

The Iroquois Confederacy was shattered as a result of the American Revolutionary War, whatever side they took; the

5034: 4569:

directly commanded more than 17,000 men, and the combined Franco-American army in the decisive American victory at

4055: 3618: 3573: 3516:

from American expansion. These islands were extremely valuable; in 1772, the value of sugar and coffee produced by

3489:

argued they did not need French help to gain independence, and war was too expensive. Instead, Vergennes persuaded

3470: 3312: 2941: 2835: 2821: 2598: 2559:, which aimed to mobilize Loyalist support in the region and occupy American Patriot-controlled territory north to 2540:, seeing the possibility for an American Patriot victory in the war, formally entered the war as an American ally. 2319: 2249: 1996: 1920: 1831: 1792: 1713: 1612: 455: 22908: 17380: 13282: 7144:"Avalon Project - British-American Diplomcay : Proclamation Declaring the Cesssation of Arms; April 11, 1783" 4463:

disastrous to the Dutch economy. The Dutch were also excluded from the First League of Armed Neutrality formed by

3229: 29642: 29431: 29372: 29281: 29172: 29147: 28644: 28634: 28199: 28117: 28055: 28039: 27885: 27880: 27644: 27624: 27614: 27609: 26611: 26345: 26301: 25697: 25195: 25051: 24622: 24207: 23539: 22973: 22510: 21817: 21807: 21797: 20594: 20371: 20256: 20201: 19416:

Kaplan, Rodger (January 1990). "The Hidden War: British Intelligence Operations during the American Revolution".

19395:

Hagist, Don N. (Winter 2011). "Unpublished Writings of Roger Lamb, Soldier of the American War of Independence".

17052:

Pybus, Cassandra (2005). "Jefferson's Faulty Math: The Question of Slave Defections in the American Revolution".

5648: 5236:. Their defeat splintered both Cherokee settlements and people, and was directly responsible for the rise of the 4950: 4716: 4636: 4369: 4162: 3851: 3696: 2866: 2699: 2659:

from 1774, received orders to take action against the Patriots. He decided to destroy militia ordnance stored at

2142: 1827: 1097: 12769:

Gould, Eliga H. (1999). "A virtual nation: Greater Britain and the imperial legacy of the American Revolution".

5608:, for instance, had a 1775 population of 150. By 1790, 15 years later, its population had grown to over 73,000. 3617:

in December 1780, a conflict that proved disastrous to the Dutch economy. The Dutch were also excluded from the

3225:

the following day. The two victories helped convince the French that the Americans were worthy military allies.

2683:

militia, who prepared to resist the attempted seizure. The first action of the war, commonly referred to as the

29625: 29299: 29246: 29162: 29152: 29120: 29049: 29037: 28992: 28879: 28777: 28639: 28559: 28549: 28335: 28192: 27895: 27853: 27796: 27570: 27481: 26081: 25950: 25717: 24562: 23919: 23834: 23503: 23259: 22795: 22775: 22770: 22765: 22760: 22599: 22561: 22410: 21498: 21462: 21199: 20723: 20511: 19877:

Universal History Americanised: Or, An Historical View of the World, from the Earliest Records to the Year 1808

19545: 19116: 19049: 18937: 17900: 17730: 17675: 17656: 15272: 14966: 14800: 14496: 13398: 13377: 12547: 7662: 6966: 6409:

The total in active duty service for the American Cause during the American Revolutionary War numbered 200,000.

6291: 6169: 5839: 5652: 5478: 5088: 5047: 4968: 4944: 4599: 4553: 4154: 3975: 3548: 3494: 3483: 3063: 2890: 2746: 2636: 2461: 2299: 1725: 1507: 494: 142: 103: 16608:

Nash, Gary B. (2012). "Chapter: The African Americans Revolution". In Gray, Edward G.; Kamensky, Jane (eds.).

14337: 2141:, which imposed additional taxes on the colonies to pay for defending the western frontier. In July 1765, the 29811: 29377: 29241: 29157: 29088: 29059: 28997: 28887: 28859: 28503: 27875: 27768: 27006: 26796: 26405: 26390: 26325: 26315: 26286: 26276: 25814: 24015: 24003: 23991: 23961: 23937: 23931: 23925: 23907: 23883: 23407: 23314: 22061: 22020: 21352: 20986: 20902: 20875: 18371:. Vol. 7 January 13, 1777 – April 30, 1777. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 17722: 15451: 9819: 5858:" approach looks at community social structure to find cleavages that were magnified into colonial cleavages. 4964: 4261: 3788: 3423: 3218: 3094:

wanted to pursue Washington's disorganized army, but he was first required to commit 6,000 troops to capture

2824:. These failures impacted public support for the Patriot cause, and aggressive anti-Loyalist policies in the 2567:

being a major setback for southern Patriots; however, a Franco-American force surrounded the British army at

2234: 2067: 1690: 707: 298: 23955: 15682: 5175:. The free Black Loyalists who migrated to the British West Indies included regular soldiers from Dunmore's 29672: 29665: 29598: 29461: 29344: 29266: 29256: 29110: 29071: 29027: 28987: 28944: 28892: 28824: 28797: 28757: 28735: 28544: 28358: 28305: 28238: 28095: 28051: 27979: 27900: 27818: 27629: 27493: 27322: 27230: 27038: 26395: 26369: 26355: 26330: 26320: 26271: 26187: 25794: 25304: 25078: 24972: 24757: 24683: 24273: 23485: 23465: 23083: 22455: 22276: 20885: 20626: 19986: 18178: 18089: 17117: 16419: 14201: 6676: 6663: 6333: 6254:

Two independent "COR" Regiments, the Congress's Own Regiments, were recruited among British Canadiens. The

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says there is little evidence backing the story, and whether the ride occurred is questioned. A few others

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to deceive themselves on their level of American support as late as 1780, a year before hostilities ended.

4913:

Unlike previous wars their use led to intense political debate in Britain, France, and even Germany, where

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regulating trade between the two countries, followed by a defensive military alliance against Britain, the

3232:, where he remained until May and received Congressional direction to inoculate all Patriot troops against 2873:

between Loyalist and Patriot militias, and the Loyalists were subsequently driven out of the colony in the

2765: 2543:

During 1778, Washington prevented the British army from breaking out of New York City, while militia under

2465: 657: 117: 23943: 23433: 19106: 17639: 17580:

Scott, Hamish M (1988). "Sir Joseph Yorke, Dutch Politics and the Origins of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War".

14433: 13310: 6890:

Elsewhere around the world, the French lost another approximately 5,000 total dead in conflicts 1778–1784.

4727: 673: 29593: 29544: 29359: 29261: 29184: 29066: 28962: 28787: 28772: 28710: 28345: 28300: 28107: 27989: 27843: 26825: 26721: 26291: 25560: 24937: 24902: 24460: 24412: 23997: 23798: 23199: 22857: 22546: 22485: 21853: 21802: 21553: 21432: 21312: 21146: 20932: 20673: 19875: 19014: 18138:"Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970; Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics" 15588: 15577: 14326: 14029: 13802:

To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775–1783

5812: 5742:, published January 10, 1776. "We have it in our power to begin the world over again", Paine wrote in it. 5485: 5369: 4389:

led to signed preliminary agreements in November 1782, which acknowledged U.S. independence. The enacted

4201:

settlements, who joined Clark's militia when the British and their hired German soldiers withdrew to the

4080:

In February 1778, an expedition of militia to destroy British military supplies in settlements along the

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on September 11, then allowing him to withdraw in good order. After dispersing an American detachment at

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and appointed Washington its commander-in-chief. The British Parliament declared the colonies to be in a

1796: 1044: 22188: 21503: 20037: 19071: 17305:. Translated by DeBakey, Michael E. Ministère de la défense, Service de santé des armées. NLM 101659674. 6435:

landed nearly 4000 troops who were detached to Lafayette's Continental Army surrounding British General

5583:

exchange occurred, an effort that involved much negotiation and would take some seven months to effect.

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on January 2; during the night, Washington outmaneuvered Cornwallis, then defeated his rearguard in the

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Britain and France at the Birth of America: The European Powers and the Peace Negotiations of 1782–1783

16944:

The Failure of British Strategy during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, 1780–81

15050: 14486: 14452: 13912:"To become again our brethren': Desertion and community during the American Revolutionary War, 1775–83" 13260:

Bass, Robert D. (October 1957). "The Green Dragoon: The Lives of Banastre Tarleton and Mary Robinson".

6189: 5419: 5393: 5241: 4827: 4685: 4664: 4452: 4319: 3458: 3359:

After securing additional supplies, Howe made another attempt on Philadelphia by landing his troops in

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in Indiana. Vigo was featured in a collectors coin to celebrate the bicentennial of Indiana statehood.

2336: 2268: 2253: 2115: 2043: 1940: 1912: 266: 22198: 21930: 18831: 17976: 16084: 15991: 15472: 15140: 6903:, the Dutch suffered around 500 total killed, owing to the minor scale of their conflict with Britain. 29796: 29076: 28382: 28187: 28182: 27744: 27198: 26905: 26890: 26880: 26839: 26761: 26726: 26296: 25363: 25190: 25160: 24929: 24279: 23666: 23593: 23509: 23149: 22554: 22249: 22239: 22121: 21543: 21528: 21342: 21233: 21182: 21027: 20977: 20824: 20688: 20632: 20492: 18842:

History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent – eight volumes

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Paul David Nelson, "British Conduct of the American Revolutionary War: A Review of Interpretations."

11759: 6651: 6299: 5981: 5605: 5576: 5539: 5489: 5159: 5121: 5083: 5001: 4182: 4077:, who was appointed U.S. commercial agent. It also helped support the American campaign in the west. 3791:"; the Patriots condemned his betrayal, while he found himself almost as unpopular with the British. 3569: 3529: 3448: 3356:, surrendered their arms before being taken to Boston, where they were to be transported to England. 3199: 3086: 3075: 2977: 2947: 2855: 2843: 2785: 2524:

and was at its most severe from 1775 to 1778. American Patriots achieved several strategic victories

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took office on March 27, 1782; however, Rockingham died unexpectedly on July 1, and was replaced by

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Don't Tread On Me: A 400-year History of American at War, from Indian Fighting to Terrorist Hunting

13758: 12673:

Tyrrell, Ian (1999). "Making Nations/Making States: American Historians in the Context of Empire".

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with laying the intellectual, moral, and ethical foundations for the American Revolution among the

5559: 5271: 5140: 4972: 4456: 4373: 4291: 4244:

In 1782, large scale retaliations between settlers and Native Americans in the region included the

3947: 3877:, an experienced officer taken prisoner earlier in the war before being exchanged for Ethan Allen, 3753: 3372: 3353: 3071: 2813: 2738: 2568: 2508:, sent to France to recruit military engineers, were instrumental in securing French aid in Paris. 1984: 1903: 1749: 1544: 1068: 1051: 1039: 487: 204: 25341: 19812: 19680: 19108:

Council Fires on the Upper Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio Valley until 1795

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Kaplan, Lawrence S. (September 1983). "The Treaty of Paris, 1783: A Historiographical Challenge".

14858:

An abridgement in one volume by Richard Harwell of the seven-volume biography of George Washington

3240:

between the two armies which continued until March, Howe made no attempt to attack the Americans.

2850:

who fled their Patriot masters and agreed to fight for the Crown. British forces were defeated at

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The Unknown American Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America

13892: 13717: 13649: 13421: 6295: 5516:; the United States and Great Britain were each given perpetual access to the Mississippi River. 5448: 5275: 5259: 4111: 4006: 3834: 3710:. Clinton unsuccessfully tried to tempt Washington into a decisive engagement by sending General 3692: 3684: 3629: 3557: 3399: 3345: 3340:

Morale among his troops rapidly declined, and an unsuccessful attempt to break past Gates at the

3190:

Two weeks after Congress withdrew to Baltimore, on the night of December 25–26, 1776, Washington

3078:, and the Americans withdrew. Howe declined to close with Washington's army on October 28 at the 3067: 2929: 2798: 2761: 2616: 2428: 2280: 2106: 1204: 927: 822: 24817: 24117: 23810: 21151: 20391: 17892:

American Military History Volume 1 The United States Army and the Forging of a Nation, 1775–1917

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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

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who produced cash crops in tobacco and indigo comparable to global markets in Caribbean sugar.

4390: 4357: 4327: 4119: 3931: 3883: 3764: 3688: 3614: 3561: 3209:. By Christmas they were tired and weary, while a heavy snowstorm led their commander, Colonel 3079: 2918: 2851: 2680: 2660: 2012: 1966: 1745: 208: 20394:(Report). National Archives, Washington D.C.: Continental Congress of the United States. 1776. 20016: 19930: 19738:

Dangerous Guests: Enemy Captives and Revolutionary Communities During the War for Independence

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The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870

17136:

Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those who Fought and Lived it

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The navy of the American Revolution: its administration, its policy and its achievements Oscar

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Major Operations of the Royal Navy, 1762–1783: Being Chapter XXXI in The Royal Navy. A History

15930: 14781: 12983: 12901: 12805: 11833: 4330:. This strategy was approved by Lord Germain in London, but neither of them informed Clinton. 74: 29334: 29017: 28132: 27689: 27654: 27649: 27592: 27575: 27305: 26716: 26711: 26586: 26309: 25860: 25843: 25819: 25712: 25707: 25654: 25476: 25444: 25252: 25237: 24827: 24802: 24787: 24129: 23732: 23672: 23599: 23397: 23169: 23013: 22729: 22724: 22480: 22265: 21975: 21787: 21482: 21437: 21402: 21332: 21317: 21253: 21002: 20942: 20819: 20176: 19961: 19757: 19681:"The Clinton–Cornwallis Controversy and Responsibility for the British Surrender at Yorktown" 19282:

The British Soldier in America: A Social History of Military Life in the Revolutionary Period

19222:

Revolutionary War Almanac Almanacs of American wars Facts on File library of American history

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Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution

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landed in Rhode Island with an independent command of about 6000 troops, and in 1781 Admiral

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earlier, and he was relieved after the heavy losses incurred at the Battle of Bunker Hill in

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sided with the Americans and the British respectively, which further exacerbated the split.

5197: 3497:

to purchase munitions for the Patriots, carried in neutral Dutch ships and imported through

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Davies, Wallace Evan (July 1939). "Privateering around Long Island during the Revolution".

16721:

Olsen, Alison G (1992). "Eighteenth-Century Colonial Legislatures and Their Constituents".

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When Lafayette entered Virginia, Cornwallis complied with Clinton's orders and withdrew to

4253: 4217: 3990: 3719: 3537: 3376: 3364: 3337:

on September 13. He asked Clinton for support while constructing defenses around the town.

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on December 9 and took refuge on British ships anchored near the port of Norfolk. When the

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The board of inquiry was convened by Sir Henry Clinton into Army accounts and expenditures

15453:

The Hessian Mercenary State: Ideas, Institutions, and Reform Under Frederick II, 1760–1785

3862: 2820:, while in December an uprising in Nova Scotia sponsored by Massachusetts was defeated at 2487:

On July 2, Congress voted for independence and published the declaration on July 4, which

1850:, which restored Patriot confidence. In the summer of 1777, as Howe was poised to capture 683: 8: 29226: 29142: 28952: 28668: 28353: 27984: 27181: 26791: 26741: 26696: 26686: 26671: 26661: 26646: 26626: 26601: 26591: 26581: 26335: 26155: 26145: 25587: 25336: 25029: 24947: 24942: 24892: 24792: 24660: 24400: 24213: 24171: 23624: 23491: 23249: 23068: 22958: 22842: 22785: 22669: 22654: 22522: 22168: 21925: 21548: 21427: 21407: 21392: 21372: 21357: 21128: 20927: 20657: 20561: 20400: 20375: 19641: 19377: 19263:

Encyclopedia of the American Revolutionary War: A Political, Social, and Military History

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The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six': The Story of the American Revolution as told by Participants

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Le Pacte de famille et l'Amérique: La politique coloniale franco-espagnole de 1760 à 1792

16654:

A Man of Distinction among Them: Alexander McKee and the Ohio Country Frontier, 1754–1799

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The Drillmaster at Valley Forge: The Baron de Steuben and the Making of the American Army

16015:

Benedict Arnold's Army: The 1775 American Invasion of Canada during the Revolutionary War

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war was inevitable. After Boston, Gage halted operations and awaited reinforcements; the

2311: 2264: 2004: 1960: 1875: 1863: 1847: 1768: 1683: 1644: 1237: 957: 50: 31: 19182:, "Whose Revolution?: The history of the United States' founding from below" (review of 18903:"Psychological Warfare in 1776: The Jefferson-Franklin Plan to Cause Hessian Desertions" 18604: 17815: 16965:

The Toll of Independence: Engagements & Battle Casualties of the American Revolution

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History of George Rogers Clark's Conquest of the Illinois and the Wabash Towns 1778–1779

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attacked and robbed British merchant ships and raided and robbed coastal communities of

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was known to visit and provide aid to her husband George at various American camps, and

4959: 4009:

on September 8, Cornwallis withdrew to Charleston with little to show for his campaign.

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on March 15. Although victorious, Cornwallis suffered heavy casualties and retreated to

2988:

in Nova Scotia, Howe was determined to take the fight to the Americans. He set sail for

83: 28466: 28454: 28172: 28162: 28139: 28122: 27518: 27262: 27257: 27129: 26811: 26786: 26691: 26631: 26606: 26576: 26566: 26165: 26160: 26150: 26140: 25853: 25831: 25351: 25210: 25185: 25155: 25116: 24999: 24842: 24568: 24436: 24418: 24369: 24333: 24321: 24309: 24255: 24027: 23985: 23816: 23792: 23762: 23690: 23184: 23144: 23033: 23028: 23003: 22780: 22639: 22634: 22460: 22420: 21990: 21945: 21467: 21457: 21387: 20850: 20713: 20683: 20291: 20283: 20236: 20228: 20117: 19801: 19702: 19462: 19433: 19404: 19345: 19337: 19093: 19035: 18914: 18286: 18265: 18240: 18205: 17605: 17597: 17568: 17564: 17359: 17264: 17177: 17069: 16796: 16788: 16738: 16386:

Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America: 1776–1818

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Stop the Revolution: America in the Summer of Independence and the Conference for Peace

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The Hessians and the other German auxiliaries of Great Britain in the revolutionary war

15740: 15648: 15473:"Losses of the Military and Naval Forces Engaged in the War of the American Revolution" 15436: 15346: 15264:

The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763–1789

14151: 13676:

Forgotten Patriots: The Untold Story of American Prisoners During the Revolutionary War

13461:

George Washington's Opponents: British Generals and Admirals in the American Revolution

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were seized by enemy forces during the war among Americans, French, Spanish, and Dutch.

6933:

during British conflicts worldwide 1775–1784; approximately a quarter of whom had been

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Sixty-five percent of Britain's German auxiliaries employed in North America were from

6311: 5855: 5756: 5461: 5397: 5279: 5206: 5176: 4985: 4570: 4549: 4541: 4345: 4166: 4103: 4039: 3749: 3672: 3513: 3407: 3382:

To prevent Howe's forces in Philadelphia being resupplied by sea, the Patriots erected

3334: 3329: 3021: 2969: 2965: 2922: 2909: 2859: 2839: 2793: 2548: 2388:

hostility of his language annoyed even Loyalist members of Congress. Combined with the

2288: 2202: 2158: 2122: 2118:, particularly for the poorer classes, and quickly became a source of much discontent. 2063: 1811:

by the Congress in Philadelphia on July 2, 1776, and the unanimous ratification of the

640: 18190:"The Conquest of Scurvy in the Royal Navy 1793–1800: A Challenge to Current Orthodoxy" 17743:

Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783

17658:"The Foundation of British Strength": National Identity and the British Common Soldier 17026: 5631:. British sponsorship of local warfare on the U.S. continued until the Anglo-American 5481:. Although active in the preliminaries, he was not a signer of the conclusive treaty. 3937:

In July 1780, Congress appointed Gates commander in the south; he was defeated at the

3106:

Continental Congress abandoned the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia and moved to

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and bring about the expulsion or 'extermination' of local Indians." (pp. 34–35.)

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Schmidt, H. D. (1958). "'The Hessian mercenaries: the career of a political cliche".

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campaign destroyed more than 40 Iroquois villages and 160,000 bushels (4,000 mts) of

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on June 28, 1776, but it failed and left the South under Patriot control until 1780.

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If By Sea: The Forging of the American Navy – from the Revolution to the War of 1812

11790: 11755:"Sybil Ludington, the Female Paul Revere: The Making of a Revolutionary War Heroine" 7087: 6613:

Tallmadge's cover name became John Bolton, and he was the architect of the spy ring.

2193:. Tensions escalated following the destruction of a customs vessel in the June 1772 29125: 28972: 28678: 28498: 27508: 27349: 27332: 27327: 27166: 26776: 26656: 26621: 26519: 26434: 26429: 25920: 25358: 25321: 25247: 25205: 25101: 25061: 24862: 24857: 24610: 24598: 24592: 24550: 24454: 24424: 24339: 24159: 24141: 24123: 24093: 23708: 23557: 23497: 23274: 23174: 23043: 23023: 22938: 22614: 22578: 22450: 22136: 22101: 22010: 21995: 21980: 21940: 21752: 21442: 21123: 21118: 21032: 20957: 20907: 20809: 20698: 20693: 20379: 20275: 20220: 19694: 19598:

The First Emancipator: Slavery, Religion, and the Quiet Revolution of Robert Carter

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Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence

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Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution

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The French Navy and American Independence: A Study of Arms and Diplomacy, 1774–1787

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Twenty percent of Britain's German auxiliaries employed in North America were from

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Although Spain ultimately made important contributions to American success, in the

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The Southern Strategy: Britain's Conquest of South Carolina and Georgia, 1775–1780

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European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies

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13,000 Natives fought on the British side, with the largest group coming from the

4475:

The Second Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, stood to benefit if the

3775:, effectively ending their ambitions in New Jersey. In July, Washington appointed 2956: 2555:. The war became a stalemate in the north in 1779, so the British initiated their 28834: 28610: 28508: 28280: 27580: 27513: 27282: 27203: 27149: 26844: 26781: 26736: 26636: 25642: 25575: 25471: 25432: 25316: 25259: 25131: 25034: 24932: 24852: 24847: 24797: 24502: 24442: 24381: 24375: 24303: 24183: 24087: 24069: 23720: 23642: 23204: 22988: 22978: 22644: 22470: 22015: 21955: 21920: 21910: 21307: 21228: 21156: 21101: 21012: 20981: 20937: 20870: 20829: 20789: 20778: 20748: 20507: 20310: 20128: 20076: 20007:

Rochambeau in Connecticut, Tracing His Journey: Historic and Architectural Survey

20005: 19907: 19715: 19517: 19475: 19300: 19241: 19220: 19137: 18993: 18927: 18837: 18581: 18560: 18539: 18510: 18481: 18432: 18368:

The Writings of George Washington: from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745–1799

18321: 18244: 18220: 18103: 18032: 17987: 17932: 17911: 17895:. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. 17762: 17741: 17686: 17618: 17531: 17512: 17491: 17439: 17418: 17397: 17332: 17254: 17233: 17199: 17155: 17134: 17005: 16984: 16963: 16872: 16830: 16809: 16751: 16652: 16609: 16554: 16530: 16509: 16488: 16443: 16432: 16384: 16367: 16330: 16274: 16239: 16197: 16118: 16095: 16058: 16037: 16013: 15951: 15871: 15828: 15765: 15744: 15720: 15699: 15661: 15611: 15556: 15532: 15511: 15490: 15325: 15304: 15283: 15262: 15238: 15217: 15193: 15161: 15061: 15029: 15008: 14959:

Washington's General: Nathanael Greene and the Triumph of the American Revolution

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A Good and Wise Measure: The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842

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Britain's extended post-war policy for the U.S. continued to try to establish an

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pursued Washington, but Howe ordered him to halt, leaving Washington unmolested.

3062:

Howe met with a delegation from the Second Continental Congress at the September

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This article is about military actions primarily. For origins and aftermath, see

20148: 18893:

A state of the expedition from Canada : as laid before the House of commons

18876:

Proceedings of a Board of general officers of the British army at New York, 1781

18091:

George the Third and Charles Fox: the concluding part of The American revolution

17890: 14669:

Spain's Contribution to the independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift

13344:

Canada v Guadeloupe in Britain's old colonial empire: the Peace of Paris of 1763

7574:

Lawrence S. Kaplan, "The Treaty of Paris, 1783: A Historiographical Challenge",

6836:

stretching east along Lake Ontario. In the Northwest Territory, they garrisoned

5373:

war in America or in Europe; Germain advocated the former, Sandwich the latter.

3655: 3008:

was given orders to form an elite group for reconnaissance and secret missions.

2881:

to reassert British rule in the South, but they were decisively defeated in the

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George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution

19445:

Kepner, K. (February 1945). "A British View of the Siege of Charleston, 1776".

18535: 14604: 14328:

Parliamentary Register, House of Commons, Fifteenth Parliament of Great Britain

5555: 5145: 4879: 4489: 4481: 4464: 4448: 4444: 4298: 4194: 4081: 4066: 3757: 3738: 3545:, a problem that could only get worse once the United States replaced Britain. 3517: 3498: 3462: 3403: 3360: 3154: 3074:

the following day. On October 18, Howe failed to encircle the Americans at the

3056: 2901: 2809: 2628: 2578: 2372: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2171: 2167: 2096: 2059: 2046:

was designed to achieve these aims by refocusing colonial expansion north into

1988: 1908: 1879: 1839: 1808: 1780: 1776: 1764: 1741: 1721: 1717: 568: 468: 177: 63: 20279: 20224: 17593: 5600: 5360:, Prime Minister since 1770, delegated control of the war in North America to 4169:

advance on New Orleans was repelled by Spanish Governor Gálvez's offensive on

4098:

settlers, and Indian allies commanded by Colonel George Rogers Clark captured

2551:, supported by Francophone settlers and their Indian allies, which became the 29735: 28285: 27585: 27394: 27029: 25734: 25511: 24640: 24616: 24514: 24508: 24406: 23774: 23660: 23630: 23417: 22674: 22649: 22629: 22619: 22364: 22131: 22116: 22106: 22086: 22035: 22005: 22000: 21935: 21762: 21616: 21022: 20880: 20678: 20516: 18887: 18501: 17480: 16193: 15921: 15432: 14454:

The German Allied Troops in the North American War of Independence, 1776–1783

14339:

The correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783

14192: 13294: 12694: 11782: 6756: 6681: 6655: 6601: 6537: 6031: 5919: 5444: 5424: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5286: 5155: 5133: 5067: 4625: 4591: 4229: 3958: 3737:

from July to September 1779. Involving more than 4,000 patriot soldiers, the

3711: 3605: 3427: 3316: 2993: 2896:

A shortage of gunpowder led Congress to authorize a naval expedition against

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While denying its authority over internal American affairs, a faction led by

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Geschichte der kurhannoverschen Truppen: in Gibraltar, Menorca und Ostindien

13928: 13184:

To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambiguities of the American Founders

6497:. In later engagements, Galvez had 800 regulars from New Orleans to assault 6418:

5,000 sailors (peak), manning privateers, an additional 55,000 total sailors

5244:

against American settlers for decades after hostilities with Britain ended.

3805: 3784: 3085:

Washington's retreat isolated his remaining forces and the British captured

3016:, became the Army's first intelligence unit. When Washington was driven off 2205:, which dominated the British economy; to support it, Parliament passed the 28592: 28564: 27619: 25723: 25659: 25200: 24484: 24327: 24201: 23852: 23822: 23605: 23463: 23229: 22892: 22875:

Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States

22837: 22624: 22359: 22076: 22056: 22030: 21950: 21757: 21702: 21687: 21533: 21518: 21513: 21042: 20972: 20773: 20758: 20652: 20620: 20476:

was created from a revision of this article dated 16 October 2022

19917: 19805: 19183: 17859: 14978:"A Very Large British Military Investment for Very Little Practical Profit" 14506: 14392: 14140:

The Organization of the British Army in the American Revolution, Conclusion

13574: 6837: 6833: 6730: 6541: 6457: 6443:. An additional 750 French troops participated with the Spanish assault on 5938: 5899: 5880: 5817: 5738: 5733: 5689: 5628: 5599:

The expanse of territory that was now the U.S. was ceded from its colonial

5588: 5509: 5315: 5202: 4809: 4776: 4655: 4574:

wartime, but there were never more than 90,000 men under arms at any time.

4349: 3934:

signaled widespread resistance to the new oaths throughout South Carolina.

3866: 3419: 3418:

On December 19, the Americans followed suit and entered winter quarters at

3383: 3282: 3257: 3168: 3164: 2905: 2668: 2664: 2571:

and their surrender in October 1781 effectively ended fighting in America.

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Franklin, Benjamin; Lee, Arthur; Adams, John (1829). Sparks, Jared (ed.).

17817:

Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony: Canada and the American Revolution

17806:

Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony: Canada and the American Revolution

16784: 14232: 13516:

Fighting for America: The Struggle for Mastery in North America, 1519–1871

13215: 12659:

See David Lundberg and Henry F. May, "The Enlightened Reader in America",

5136:

of labor rather than to end slavery; Loyalist-owned slaves were returned.

4520: 3394:

in the river south of the city. This was supported by a small flotilla of

3159:

Washington's covert crossing of the Delaware River on December 25–26, 1776

2858:

refused to disband its militia or accept martial law, Dunmore ordered the

2003:

The French and Indian War, part of the wider global conflict known as the

1858:. In October 1777, a separate northern British force under the command of 1807:

in August 1775. The stakes of the war were formalized with passage of the

28869: 28400: 27737: 27639: 27379: 27242: 26998: 25615: 25543: 25459: 25279: 25004: 24604: 24249: 24045: 23979: 23786: 23636: 23244: 23219: 23209: 23139: 22126: 22081: 21985: 21905: 21792: 21192: 21187: 19424:(1). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 115–138. 19201: 18929:

Founding Fighters: The Battlefield Leaders Who Made American Independence

17533:

The Battle for New York: The city at the heart of the American Revolution

15423: 15406: 13605:

The Road to Guilford Courthouse: The American Revolution in the Carolinas

13594:

Empire Or Independence A Study in the Failure Of Reconciliation 1774–1783

13053:(4). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 344–360. 11773: 11754: 6950: 6934: 6772: 6597: 6337: 6271: 5835: 5763: 5693: 5616: 5563: 5505: 4805: 4432: 4283: 4225: 4202: 4074: 3406:. An attempt by the Royal Navy to take the forts in the October 20 to 22 3387: 3278: 3210: 3025: 3017: 3013: 2961: 2917:

supplies back home, when he departed on March 17. A month later, after a

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in mid-1774. A British attempt to disarm the Americans and the resulting

1085: 667: 504: 235: 19826: 19706: 19408: 19359:

The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution 1763–1776

19097: 17934:

The Genesis of the French Revolution: A Global Historical Interpretation

17870:

The history of the origin, progress, and termination of the American war

17572: 17300: 16792: 16230: 15652: 13273: 13223: 7658:"The Payment of Provincial and Local Taxes in North Carolina, 1748–1771" 5171:. White Loyalists transported 15,000 enslaved blacks to Jamaica and the 4278: 2577:

served in the American Revolutionary War both as soldiers and officers.

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The Hessians: And the Other German Auxiliaries in the Revolutionary War

20287: 20232: 19852: 19466: 19437: 19341: 19320:

Grant, John N. (1973). "Black Immigrants into Nova Scotia, 1776–1815".

19192: 19179: 18918: 18902: 18733: 18657:. Industry Canada: Canada's Digital Collections Program. Archived from 17956:

The Royal Navy in European Waters During the American Revolutionary War

17601: 17522: 17363: 17235:

The Authority to Tax: Constitutional History of the American Revolution

17073: 16742: 16097:

Hell on the East River: British Prison Ships in the American Revolution

15558:

The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 4: October 1780 to February 1781

13390:

Revolutionary Mothers. Women in the Struggle for America's Independence

13242:

Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut: From Benedict Arnold to Nathan Hale

13098:

The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution

13066: 12790: 12702: 12648: 7683: 7657: 6946: 6930: 6855: 6825: 6659: 6627: 6476:, then offloaded 3,000 troops and siege cannon to support Washington's 6382:

Europe on May 12, 1784. Hostilities in India continued until July 1783.

5902:

stamp, issued on the 150th anniversary of American independence in 1926

5805: 5632: 5436: 5323: 5043: 4287: 4147: 4115: 3855: 3780: 3237: 3040: 2734: 2733:

outside Boston rather than assaulting it. In early March 1776, Colonel

2477: 2449: 2349: 2016: 1032: 915: 758: 593: 25538: 18750: 18605:"The Role of Spain in the American Revolution: An Unavoidable Mistake" 16950:(Thesis). Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. 16175:

The Major Operations of the Navies in the War of American Independence

14912:

Bayonets in the Wilderness. Anthony Waynes Legion in the Old Northwest

14475: 13477:. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press. pp. 95–120, here: 105. 6945:

deficiency. It was not until 1795 that scurvy was eradicated from the

6912:

British returns in 1783 listed 43,633 rank and file deaths across the

6746:

Laurens was president of the Second Continental Congress at this time.

4670:

John Paul Jones became the first American naval hero when he captured

3601:, whom Congress via Dean appointed a major general, on July 31, 1777. 3228:

After his success at Princeton, Washington entered winter quarters at

1979: 1767:

gained dominance in North America with victory over the French in the

29221: 29214: 25368: 24987: 24837: 24466: 24219: 24039: 23129: 23018: 22163: 20922: 20768: 19016:

The military forces of the crown; their administration and government

15663:

Encyclopedia of British, Provincial, and German Army Units, 1775–1783

14031:

The military forces of the crown; their administration and government

13140:

Mercenaries: A guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies

13045:

Armour, Alexander W. (October 1941). "Revolutionary War Discharges".

12965:

American Revolution, Seventeen Seventy Five to Seventeen Eighty-Three

12923:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society: Campaign of 1777

11837: 6962: 6942: 6472:

left the West Indies to defeat the British fleet off Virginia at the

6116:

List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War

5263: 4741: 4515: 4512:

Militia (United States) § American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)

4323: 4135: 3886:

on February 14, 1779, although this was offset by British victory at

3577: 3533: 3490: 3107: 2563:. The campaign was initially successful, with the British capture of 2138: 2134: 2102: 1855: 1737: 1687: 578: 181: 94: 19458: 19429: 19333: 17441:

Capital Cities: Varieties and Patterns of Development and Relocation

17355: 17065: 16734: 16265:. New York, The Macmillan Company; London, Macmillan & Co., ltd. 15087:

The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814

14304:"That time when Spanish New Orleans helped America win independence" 14206:. Vol. IV. Washington, D.C. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 13058: 12782: 12686: 7675: 5039: 3390:

on the east and west banks of the Delaware respectively, and placed

2725:. Washington previously commanded Virginia militia regiments in the 2177:

In April 1772, colonialists staged the first American tax revolt in

1574: 230:

Great Britain cedes generally, all mainland territories east of the

27404: 27354: 25744: 25682: 25454: 25373: 24195: 23412: 23299: 23269: 22993: 22096: 20753: 20071:(1989), newly drawn maps emphasizing the movement of military units 18347:

The war for independence and the transformation of American society

14746:

A Well-Executed Failure: The Sullivan Campaign against the Iroquois

13119:

The Real History of the American Revolution: A New Look at the Past

13027:

In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774

12729:

Cogliano, Francis D. (2010). "Revisiting the American Revolution".

6764: 6593: 5469: 5460:

scientist with influence in the courts of European great powers in

5432: 5251: 5247: 5225: 5218: 5095:

fought until her gender was discovered and discharged as a result;

4338: 4257: 4094: 3767:

to retake New Jersey, but they were halted by local militia at the

3293: 3233: 2808:

British pursuit was initially blocked by American naval vessels on

2371:

After the Patriot victory at Concord, moderates in Congress led by

2237:

cause locally, in the British Parliament, and in the London press.

1834:. Howe captured New York City in November. Washington responded by 1771:

in 1763, tensions and disputes arose between Great Britain and the

944: 773: 763: 588: 20098:"The Little-Remembered Ally Who Helped America Win the Revolution" 17221:"Anti-Indian Radicalisation in the Early American West, 1774–1795" 17027:"Massacre or Myth? Banastre Tarleton at the Waxhaws, May 29, 1780" 15590:

Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913

13947:

Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift

13760:

The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America

12540:

Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution,

10560:

USMA History Dept., Map: "American Revolution Principal Campaigns"

3415:

from December 5 to 8, he withdrew to Philadelphia for the winter.

20799: 19963:

A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America

18414:

The New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations: Volume 1

15010:

South Carolina and the American Revolution: A Battlefield History

6926: 5883:

issue of 1926 on the 150th anniversary of American independence.

5767: 5267: 5172: 5017: 4221: 4198: 4023: 3919: 3647:

Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga

3581: 3171:, the last U.S. president to fight in the Revolutionary War as a 2698:

In May 1775, 4,500 British reinforcements arrived under Generals

2206: 2051: 1932: 1708:

During the war, North American Patriot forces had the support of

783: 598: 583: 255: 22717:

Extra Continental regiments and Additional Continental regiments

20056:

Stoker, Donald, Kenneth J. Hagan, and Michael T. McMaster, eds.

17086:

Spain, Britain and the American Revolution in Florida, 1763–1783

15953:

Defenders Of Liberty: African Americans in the Revolutionary War

14939:

Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution

14606:

A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic

14570:

Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution

14466: 14246:

Naval Blockades in Peace and War: An Economic History since 1750

12832:

Empire and Nation: The American Revolution in the Atlantic World

12757:

Empire and Nation: The American Revolution in the Atlantic World

11230:, vol. 12 – 1776, 5:93, Howe to Germain, June 7 and July 7, 1776 2932:, the base for American naval operations during the Revolution. 22939:

Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

20058:

Strategy in the American War of Independence: a global approach

20018:

The World of the American Revolution: A Daily Life Encyclopedia

19188:

Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution

18768:"Continental Congress: Remarks on the Provisional Peace Treaty" 17281:

Andrew Pickens: South Carolina Patriot in the Revolutionary War

17201:

Strategy in the American War of Independence: A Global Approach

15897:. Translated by Cameron, Margaret M. Harvard University Press. 15613:

A Necessary Evil?: Slavery and the Debate Over the Constitution

15534:

Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World

12906:

National Museum, United States Army, Army Historical Foundation

9795:"Massacre & Retribution: The 1779-1780 Sullivan Expedition" 6938: 6241:

Including the United Colonies period from 1776 to 1781 and the

5551: 5456:

had become a celebrity in the French Court, but he was also an

5337: 4158: 4157:

as part of a wider operation to clear American resistance from

4070: 3843: 3198:, located about 30 miles upriver from Philadelphia, to today's 3052: 2688: 1928: 613: 603: 573: 259: 251: 20431:

from Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture

18867:

Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution

18696:. William L. Clements Library / The Maryland State House. 2007 15306:

Diplomacy and Revolution: The Franco-American Alliance of 1778

14881:. Little, Brown, & Company – via Google Books ebook. 14840:

Freeman, Douglas Southall; Harwell, Richard Barksdale (2011).

14010:

The British Officer: Leading the Army from 1660 to the present

12863:

Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers

11284:, vol. 15 – 1778, 5:96, Clinton to Germain, September 15, 1778 7031:"Indian Patriots from Eastern Massachusetts: Six Perspectives" 6824:

For the thirteen years prior to the Anglo-American commercial

5722: 4054:, allowed the Americans to import supplies and munitions into 3604:

When the war started, Britain tried to borrow the Dutch-based

3082:, and instead attacked a hill that was of no strategic value. 532: 19798:

America Goes to War: A Social History of the Continental Army

18034:

Urban World History: an Economic and Geographical Perspective

16874:

George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots

15684:"Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, Count de Rochambeau" 15368:"Revolutionary Spies: Women Spies of the American Revolution" 15078:

Collection of essays focused on political and social history.

13268:(4). North Carolina Office of Archives and History: 548–550. 11296:, vol. 18 – 1780, 5:100, Clinton to Germain, October 31, 1780 6954: 6733:

as the Navy's first commander. The Marine Corps links to the

6298:

with British Canadien militia recruited from western Quebec (

5696:

against the disease was one of his most important decisions.

3742: 3524:

On February 6, 1778, France and the United States signed the

3509: 2185:

against the British royal authority later referred to as the

1936: 768: 633: 278: 17620:

British Foreign Policy in the Age of the American Revolution

15701:

Jamestown, Quebec, Santa Fe: Three North American Beginnings

15388:

Major General Israel Putnam: Hero of the American Revolution

15195:

From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776

6708:

and Isla Mallorca, and adjacent the Indian Ocean during the

6106:

List of Continental Forces in the American Revolutionary War

2229:. The British Parliament responded by passing the so-called 1826:

out of Boston in March 1776, and British commander in chief

207:

would not recognize American independence until signing the

19379:

The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781

18995:

United States Diplomatic History: From Revolution to Empire

18821:

A selection of works relating to the war not listed above;

18056:. Florida Frontiers Article, The Florida Historical Society 16511:

The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence

15390:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. 12803: 6958: 4205:. The Americans responded with a major offensive along the 3847: 3676:

newly installed Clinton continued his retreat to New York.

3589: 3194:, leading a column of Continental Army troops from today's 2039:

also avoided the cost of an expensive military occupation.

19261:

Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Ryerson, Richard A, eds. (2006).

18969:(1994). Short (48 pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 18631:"Which Side Benefitted the Most from the Native Americans" 17764:

The Old Northwest in the American Revolution: An Anthology

16352:"Naval Resources and the British Defeat at Yorktown, 1781" 16262:

The history of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1775–1780

16199:

American scripture: making the Declaration of Independence

15973:

Minnesota's Boundary with Canada: Its Evolution Since 1783

15913:

Colonial and Revolutionary History of Upper South Carolina

15746:

The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton

14648:

Whirlwind: The American Revolution and the War That Won It

5050:

soldiers who barged into her home intending to ransack it.

3817: 3702:

In July 1779, the Americans captured British positions at

3608:

for service in America, but pro-Patriot sentiment led the

20948:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

20360:(1994). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 20353:(1994). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 19654:(1993). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 18246:

Traitorous Hero: The Life and Fortunes of Benedict Arnold

18150:"An Overview of American Intelligence Until World War II" 17820:. Vol. 1. New York & London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 17809:. Vol. 1. New York & London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 17399:

Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring

16437:(in Spanish). Imprenta de la Revista Médica. p. 356. 15809:

Victory at Yorktown: The Campaign That Won the Revolution

14237:

Colonial Office Series: Great Britain, America and Canada

6047:

History of Poles in the United States#American Revolution

5866: 5834:

that demanded consent of the governed and deeply opposed

3202:, in a logistically challenging and dangerous operation. 2381:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

2189:. This occurrence would later inspire the design of the 1887:, though Spain did not formally ally with the Americans. 19909:

The new complete history of the United States of America

19498:

Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia

17828:

The diplomatic correspondence of the American Revolution

14533:

Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence

12532: 12340:, U.S. Congress and "Tribes Northwest of the Ohio River" 9348: 6983:

Year dates enclosed in denote year of original printing

6101:

List of British Forces in the American Revolutionary War

4110:. In early 1779, the Virginians counter-attacked in the 3035:

Washington split the Continental Army into positions on

2166:. The Massacre coincided with the partial repeal of the 1894:

intended to take the war against the Americans into the

1732:

from Germany for assistance. The conflict was fought in

1674:(April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the 20404:, a treatise on light infantry tactics written in 1789. 20332:"The Hessians Who Escaped Washington's Trap at Trenton" 18365:

Washington, George (1932). Fitzpatrick, John C. (ed.).

16909:

American Foreign Relations, Volume 1: A History to 1920

14353:

The Military Experience in the Age of Reason, 1715–1789

13410:"The American Revolution and the Black Loyalist Exodus" 11806:"Did the Midnight Ride of Sibyl Ludington Ever Happen?" 8688: 8686: 8684: 5692:

suggests that Washington's decision to have his troops

4775:

argues Patriot victory was nothing short of a miracle,

4193:, was extreme "even for frontier standards." It led to 3055:

without any losses in men or ordnance, leaving General

1783:. The resulting British military occupation led to the 20559: 19880:. Vol. 4. Philadelphia : M. Carey & Son. 19814:

Historical record of the Royal Marine Forces, Volume 2

19664:

George Washington's Mount Vernon: Digital Encyclopedia

19403:(360). Society for Army Historical Research: 280–290. 18785:"Overview of History and Significance of Valley Forge" 18454:"Spanish casualties in The American Revolutionary war" 18013:

American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804

16332:

The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789

15767:

Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War

14063:

The British Isles and the War of American Independence

13495:

War for America: The Fight for Independence, 1775–1783

9812: 6185:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the American Revolution

5843:

decades have often cited three motivations behind it:

5808:

and other enlightenment age writers and philosophers.

5732:, meaning "A New Age Now Begins", is paraphrased from 5381:

in effect for three years until Clinton was relieved.

4796:

Loyalist (American Revolution) § Military service

29807:

Wars between the United Kingdom and the United States

29697: 20178:

The Encyclopedia of African American Military History

19260: 18148:

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (December 5, 2007).

17154:—— (2011) . Memory F. Blackwelder (ed.). 16547:

with Henry Steele Commager as chief consulting editor

16529:

Morris, Richard B.; Morris, Jeffrey B., eds. (1982).

15285:

George Washington and the American Military Tradition

14084:

Revolutionary America, 1763–1815: A Political History

13471:"Naval Power, Strategy and Foreign Policy, 1775–1791" 13358:

The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy

12542:

pp. 6–7, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1985.

12450: 12448: 6622:

The American prisoners were subsequently sent to the

6175:

List of plays and films about the American Revolution

6037:

Christianity in the United States#American Revolution

4106:, though Vincennes was recaptured by Quebec Governor 3461:

with U.S. warships in European waters with access to

2935: 1682:, was an armed conflict that was part of the broader 20415:

Library of Congress Guide to the American Revolution

19827:"General Bernardo Galvez in the American Revolution" 19622:"Revolutionary War: Groping Toward Peace, 1781–1783" 18486:. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. 18373:

George Washington Bicentennial Edition in 35 volumes

16469:

Irish Opinion and the American Revolution, 1760–1783

13312:

The first American Civil War, first period 1775–1778

13003:

Allison, David K; Ferreiro, Larrie D., eds. (2018).

12931:—— (1963) . Jameson, J. Franklin (ed.). 8681: 7610: 7608: 6128:

Economic history of the US: Colonial economy to 1780

6072: 5193:

Category:Native Americans in the American Revolution

5179:, and those from Charleston who helped garrison the 5000:

Patriots and Loyalists. After Congress rejected the

4733:

The decisive American victory at Saratoga convinced

4663:, which ultimately evolved into, and was named, the 4326:

and cause the collapse of Patriot resistance in the

4084:

was halted by adverse weather. Later in the year, a

3328:; despite defeating an American relief force at the 3300:

moved east from Lake Ontario. The two would meet at

3047:, Howe outflanked Washington and forced him back to 20130:

Blue Water Patriots: The American Revolution Afloat

19397:

Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

18967:

The French Army in the American War of Independence

18789:

Valley Forge National Historical Park, Pennsylvania

18264:——; Ray, Michael (September 21, 2015). 17179:

Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution

14791:Fleming, Thomas (2005) . Barbara J. Mitnick (ed.). 13440:

Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolutionary War

6111:

List of infantry weapons in the American Revolution

6025: 4439:The third element was a global war between France, 2027:, inhabited largely by French and Spanish-speaking 304: 20420:Bibliographies of the War of American Independence 18751:"Privateers and Mariners in the Revolutionary War" 18054:"The Last Naval Battle of the American Revolution" 17953: 17837: 17710: 17176: 16145:The influence of sea power upon history, 1660–1783 15693:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 15477:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 15163:A Few Bloody Noses: The American Revolutionary War 14775:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press. 14563:. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 789. 14200:Davenport, Frances G; Paullin, Charles O. (1917). 13870:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood Press. 13716:. Press of the New Era Printing Company. pp. 12445: 11400: 11398: 6089: 6020:Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War 5403: 4790:British Army during the American Revolutionary War 4114:and took Hamilton prisoner. Clark secured western 3801:Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War 3576:outside America, in return for help in recovering 3243: 3132:George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 2816:on October 11 forced the Americans to withdraw to 2314:and Britain and barred New England ships from the 160:April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 19781:. National Institute of Health. November 14, 2016 18907:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17493:A Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution 17337:. Center of Military History, United States Army. 15479:. Vol. XXVII, no. 1. pp. 176–205. 14424:Medical Men in the American Revolution, 1775–1783 13888:The Oxford Companion to American Military History 13736:The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 1760–1781 13623:—— (1860). O'Callaghan, E. B. (ed.). 13245:. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. 12926:. Vol. 44. Massachusetts Historical Society. 11727:"Was There Really a Teenage, Female Paul Revere?" 8124: 8122: 8120: 7620: 7605: 6468:, with little result. In September 1781, Admiral 6010:Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War 5826:was far more widely read than were his political 5615:below the Great Lakes as late as 1814 during the 4352:to defend the French West Indies allowed Admiral 4019:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 3733:in New York and Pennsylvania led to the punitive 3718:. In July, a large American naval operation, the 3651:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 3296:down the Hudson Valley, while a detachment under 2753:, while Washington moved south to New York City. 29733: 28433:Native American recognition in the United States 24682: 20312:The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 19983:Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence 18562:Friends Divided: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson 17878:Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1885–1900). 17462:The American Revolution in the Southern colonies 17302:The History of the French Military Medical Corps 16696:Pre-removal Choctaw history: exploring new paths 16392:. Vol. II. U.S. Government Printing Office. 16300:. Camden, New Jersey, Sinnickson Chew, printers. 16241:Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution 15855:. Im Verlage der Helwingschen Hof-Buchhandlung. 14891:The Battle of Bennington: Soldiers and Civilians 14701:Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition 14289:. Gale in Context. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1936 13922:(March 2017). Oxford University Press: 363–380. 13557:A Gallant Defense: the Siege of Charleston, 1780 13355:Bemis, Samuel Flagg; Ferrell, Robert H. (1958). 13210:(1). University of Pennsylvania Press: 111–150. 12859: 7980: 7436: 7434: 4220:led a Canadian militia in an attempt to capture 4173:. Simultaneous British attacks were repulsed on 3726:, then part of Massachusetts, but was defeated. 3070:and unsuccessfully engaged the Americans at the 1898:. Despite some initial success, British general 459: 18973:Christie, Ian R.; Labaree, Benjamin W. (1976). 18463:Lord North: The Prime Minister Who Lost America 17284:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. 15722:The American Revolution: A Historical Guidebook 14783:Harpers' Encyclopaedia of United States History 14403:A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution 14214:Documents of the American Revolution, 1779–1783 14105:French policy and the American Alliance of 1778 11395: 7394: 7392: 6654:. His target was Virginia militia stationed at 6042:The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution 5546:is on left. The parade route in 1783 went from 4721:Military history of France § Ancien Régime 4632:Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War 3477:Like his predecessors, French foreign minister 3324:on August 16. St Leger moved east and besieged 2243: 1842:and winning small but significant victories at 478: 22396:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War 20546: 20340:Citing William M. Dwyer and Edward J. Lowell, 20330:Zeller-Frederick, Andrew A. (April 18, 2018). 20069:A Battlefield Atlas of the American Revolution 19453:(1). Southern Historical Association: 93–103. 19111:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 18913:(3). American Philosophical Society: 233–241. 18847:Volumes committed to the American Revolution: 18813:Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War 18512:British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714–1792 18312:. University of Oxford, The University Press. 18309:Cambridge Modern History, vol.6 (18th Century) 17981:. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 17831:. Vol. 1. Boston: Hale, Gray & Bowen. 17490:Savas, Theodore P.; Dameron, J. David (2006). 17110:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 16420:"America's Spanish Savior: Bernardo de Gálvez" 16225:(3). Universitätsverlag WINTER Gmbh: 411–423. 15993:A History of England in the Eighteenth Century 15489:Jackson, Kenneth T.; Dunbar, David S. (2005). 14488:The Dutch Republic and The American Revolution 12893:Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War 11834:"Sybil Ludington, Possible Female Paul Revere" 8117: 6212:Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War 5500:in violation of the Franco-American alliance. 5297:tribes sided with the British; members of the 3277:The 1776 campaign demonstrated that regaining 2846:on November 7, 1775, promising freedom to any 2411: 2267:, twelve colonies sent representatives to the 162:(8 years, 4 months and 15 days) 28830:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 27014: 24953:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 24668: 23449: 22924: 22562: 20532: 20424:United States Army Center of Military History 18826:Allison, David, and Larrie D. Ferreiro, eds. 18694:""The Road to Peace, A Chronology: 1779–1784" 18379:Watson, J. Steven; Clark, Sir George (1960). 17785:New York 1776: The Continentals' First Battle 17034:Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution 16829:Paine, Thomas (1982). Kramnick, Isaac (ed.). 16779:(1). University of Pennsylvania Press: 1–46. 16614:. Oxford University Press. pp. 250–270. 16490:Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution 16448:(4th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 15105:Gutman, Alejandro; Avanzati, Beatriz (2013). 14795:. Rivergate Books, Rutgers University Press. 14377:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 14287:"Jean Baptiste Donatien De Vimeur Rochambeau" 14267:George Washington and the American Revolution 13002: 8597: 8028: 7431: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7114: 7112: 4209:in August which met with some success in the 3760:regiments over the conditions in early 1780. 2291:and a full boycott of goods against Britain. 1560: 25877:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 22898:George Washington in the American Revolution 20133:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 19791:Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center 18800:. Yale Law School: The Avalon Project. 2008. 18119:. Lorenz Educational Press. pp. 22–23. 15895:Canada and the American Revolution 1774–1783 15749:. Henry Holt and Company (reprint of 1973). 15351:. New York : Chelsea House Publishers. 15108:Native North American Languages Distribution 15031:The Battle of Yorktown, 1781: A Reassessment 14243:Davis, Lance E; Engerman, Stanley L (2006). 13751:The Founding of the American Republic Series 13475:Parameters of British Naval Power, 1650–1850 13163:A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens 7968: 7389: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 4153:On May 25, 1780, British Colonel Henry Bird 3043:in western Long Island. On August 27 at the 1795:in April 1775 ignited the war. In June, the 1752:ultimately recognizing the independence and 1343:Task-force fleets & blockading squadrons 21509:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 19912:. Vol. 6. Cincinnati: Jones Brothers. 19717:The War of American Independence, 1775–1783 19652:The British Army in North America 1775–1783 19382:. New York: Harper & Bros. p. 34. 18583:Battles of the Revolutionary War, 1775–1781 18173:U.S. Military Academy History Department. " 18162:Featured Story Archive, Historical Document 17640:"Hessians: The Best Armies Money Could Buy" 17511:Scheer, George F.; Rankin, Hugh F. (1959). 17420:Washington's War: From Independence To Iraq 17350:(1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 1–17. 16895:War and Trade in the West Indies, 1739–1763 16657:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. 16556:Yorktown 1781: The World Turned Upside Down 15698:Kelly, James; Smith, Barbara Clark (2007). 15492:Empire City: New York Through the Centuries 15210:Oxford History of the United States Book 12 15142:George Rogers Clark and the War in the West 13586:. Britannica.com. 2021. p. Wikisourse. 13283:""Yo Solo" Not "Solo": Juan Antoniao Riano" 13080:. Where We Come From, collect. p. 69. 11962: 11720: 11718: 9688:Piers Mackesy The war for America 1775–1783 8052: 7380: 7378: 6957:were to be issued among the standard daily 6737:, created by Congress on November 10, 1775. 6005:Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War 5993: 5665:Prisoners in the American Revolutionary War 5342: 5228:allies of Britain attacked the short-lived 4780:victory "within the realm of possibility". 4717:History of the French Navy § Louis XVI 4622:Privateer § American_Revolutionary_War 4365:the besiegers and hastened British defeat. 4118:as the American Northwest Territory in the 3763:In June 1780, Clinton sent 6,000 men under 3398:ships on the Delaware, supplemented by the 2396:, it ended hopes of a peaceful settlement. 2086: 1902:was besieged by a Franco-American force in 27028: 27021: 27007: 24675: 24661: 23456: 23442: 23388:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 23373:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 22931: 22917: 22569: 22555: 22386:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 20640:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 20539: 20525: 19888:British friends of the American Revolution 19129:History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery 19042:The War of American Independence 1775–1783 18541:'The Radicalism of the American Revolution 17269:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 16674:The Frontier War for American Independence 16611:Oxford Handbook of the American Revolution 16148:. Boston : Little, Brown and Company. 15639:(3). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 431–442. 13858:Revolution & Early Republic, 1775–1800 11607: 11605: 11065: 9786: 9264: 8016: 7992: 7932: 7910: 7908: 7409: 7407: 7276: 7109: 6961:rations of sailors. Around 42,000 sailors 6121: 6096:List of American Revolutionary War battles 6067:Scotch-Irish Americans#American Revolution 5762:In 1782, Virginia passed a law permitting 5258:in Georgia. Muscogee warriors also joined 5109:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 4933: 4412: 3997:on April 15. On June 6, Brigadier General 3348:on October 7 was repulsed by Gates at the 2364:(the Declaration's principal author), and 2221:natives dumped 342 crates of tea into the 1763:in the 17th and 18th centuries. After the 1759:The American colonies were established by 1567: 1553: 28443:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 25401:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 22742:Militia units that participated alongside 20269: 20214: 19601:. Random House Trade Paperbacks. p. 18949:Bernardo de Gálvez in Louisiana 1776–1783 18314:Digital Library of India Item 2015.107358 18175:Principal Campaigns of the War, 1775–1783 18108:. Vol. IV. Longmans, Green & Co. 17767:. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 16906:Paterson, Thomas G.; et al. (2009). 15422: 14554:"Estaing, Charles Hector, Comte d'" 13927: 13885:Chambers, John Whiteclay II, ed. (1999). 13784:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 12435: 12433: 12372: 12370: 12348: 12346: 12321: 12319: 12198: 12196: 12027: 12025: 11892: 11890: 11772: 11694: 11692: 11470: 11253: 11251: 11238: 11236: 10926: 10924: 10698: 10696: 10671: 10669: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10620: 10618: 10581: 10579: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10097: 10095: 9950: 9948: 9792: 9672: 9670: 9585: 9583: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9098: 9096: 8585: 8266: 8264: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8004: 7419: 7203: 7201: 7162: 7088:"Duchy of Brunswick until 1918 (Germany)" 6804:On militia see Boatner 1974, p. 707; 6052:List of clergy in the American Revolution 6000:Committee of safety (American Revolution) 5984:: events, births, deaths, and other years 4878:During the 18th century, states commonly 4122:brought the Revolutionary War to an end. 3640: 2992:in June 1776 and began landing troops on 2885:. A British expedition sent to reconquer 2675:learned of the plan and notified Captain 2418:United States Declaration of Independence 2392:, issued on August 23 in response to the 2058:as the dividing line between British and 712: 199:United States Declaration of Independence 20484:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 20467: 20408: 20149:"The Winning of Independence, 1777–1783" 19190:, Simon & Schuster, 2021, 800 pp.), 18655:Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People 18617:from the original on September 24, 2020. 18338:History of land battles in North America 17298: 15788:Decisive Day: The Battle for Bunker Hill 15128:"The strange oddessy of George Merchant" 14915:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 14666:Fernández y Fernández, Enrique (2004) . 13778:Cannon, John; Crowcroft, Robert (2015). 13537:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution' 12985:Encyclopedia of African American History 12728: 12439: 11715: 8134: 7847: 7845: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7492: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7375: 7188: 7186: 6155:Commemoration of the American Revolution 5721: 5668: 5658: 5575:1783. The last uniformed British troops 5533: 5413: 5400:who acknowledged American independence. 5196: 5112: 5038: 4958: 4858: 4799: 4635: 4590:was more important. Washington informed 4519: 4416: 4297: 4277: 4022: 3816: 3804: 3654: 3547: 3452: 3445:Spain and the American Revolutionary War 3441:France in the American Revolutionary War 3261: 3163: 3143: 2955: 2889:launched an attack on Charleston in the 2622: 2606: 2422:Support for independence was boosted by 2335: 1999:in secret during 1762 (in light yellow). 1978: 1954: 1919:resolved Great Britain's conflicts with 1775:over a variety of issues, including the 434: 28494:List of counties and county equivalents 25556:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 20100:. Smithsonian Magazine January 13, 2017 19160: 19078:Allan McLane, Chapter VIII, pp. 275–304 19034:. (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958). 18629:Franklin, Bruce H (November 30, 2015). 17104:Randall, Willard Sterne (Summer 1990). 16957:from the original on February 28, 2021. 15996:. Vol. 3. London: Longmans, Green. 15990:Lecky, William Edward Hartpole (1892). 15330:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 15055:. New York : D. Appleton & Co. 14771:The American Revolution: In Two Volumes 14595:The German element in the United States 13781:The Oxford Companion to British History 13584:"François Joseph Paul, count de Grasse" 12848:Rise of the Legal Profession in America 12672: 11832:Lewis, Jone Johnson (August 15, 2019). 11797: 11724: 11617: 11602: 9820:"The Clinton-Sullivan Campaign of 1779" 8158: 7944: 7905: 7404: 7317: 7218: 7216: 7029:Tortora, Daniel J. (February 4, 2015). 7028: 4368:On August 31, a Royal Navy fleet under 3982:, seeking supplies and reinforcements. 3599:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 3434: 3098:, to secure the Loyalist port. General 2760:raided towns in Nova Scotia, including 14: 29734: 22391:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War 20370:Many primary sources are available at 20358:General Washington's Army (2): 1779–83 20351:General Washington's Army (1): 1775–78 19927:"Ships Biscuits – Royal Navy hardtack" 19554:Conservatism in Early American History 19474:Kilmeade, Brian.; Yaeger, Don (2013). 18951:. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company. 18679:. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 17642:. Military History Magazine/HistoryNet 16493:. Nautical & Aviation Publishing. 15975:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. 15593:. Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 5. 15481:open access online at Internet Archive 15063:A Companion to the American Revolution 15007:Gordon, John W.; Keegan, John (2007). 14749:. University of South Carolina Press. 14242: 13559:. University of South Carolina Press. 13414:History: A Journal of Student Research 13166:. University of North Carolina Press. 12900:Abrams, Creighton W. (July 16, 2014). 12853: 12837: 12824: 12804:David Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen (2015). 12797: 12762: 12749: 12722: 12709: 12666: 12637: 12625: 12613: 12601: 12589: 12577: 12565: 12553: 12520: 12508: 12496: 12484: 12472: 12460: 12430: 12418: 12406: 12394: 12382: 12367: 12355: 12343: 12331: 12316: 12304: 12292: 12280: 12268: 12256: 12244: 12232: 12220: 12208: 12193: 12181: 12169: 12157: 12145: 12133: 12121: 12115: 12109: 12097: 12085: 12073: 12061: 12049: 12037: 12022: 12010: 11998: 11986: 11974: 11950: 11938: 11926: 11914: 11902: 11887: 11875: 11863: 11851: 11825: 11803: 11703: 11689: 11677: 11665: 11653: 11641: 11629: 11590: 11578: 11566: 11554: 11542: 11530: 11518: 11506: 11494: 11482: 11458: 11446: 11434: 11422: 11410: 11383: 11371: 11359: 11347: 11335: 11323: 11311: 11299: 11287: 11275: 11263: 11248: 11233: 11221: 11209: 11197: 11185: 11173: 11161: 11149: 11137: 11125: 11113: 11101: 11089: 11077: 11053: 11041: 11029: 11017: 11005: 10993: 10981: 10969: 10957: 10945: 10933: 10921: 10909: 10897: 10885: 10873: 10861: 10849: 10837: 10825: 10813: 10801: 10792: 10780: 10768: 10756: 10744: 10732: 10720: 10708: 10693: 10681: 10666: 10647: 10630: 10615: 10603: 10591: 10576: 10564: 10553: 10541: 10529: 10517: 10496: 10484: 10472: 10460: 10448: 10436: 10424: 10412: 10400: 10388: 10376: 10364: 10352: 10340: 10323: 10311: 10299: 10287: 10275: 10263: 10251: 10239: 10236:, "Spanish New Orleans helped America" 10227: 10215: 10203: 10191: 10179: 10167: 10155: 10143: 10131: 10119: 10107: 10092: 10080: 10068: 10056: 10044: 10032: 10020: 10008: 9996: 9984: 9972: 9960: 9945: 9933: 9921: 9909: 9897: 9885: 9873: 9861: 9849: 9837: 9774: 9762: 9750: 9738: 9727: 9715: 9703: 9691: 9667: 9655: 9643: 9631: 9619: 9607: 9595: 9580: 9568: 9556: 9508: 9496: 9484: 9447: 9435: 9423: 9412: 9396: 9384: 9372: 9360: 9336: 9324: 9312: 9300: 9288: 9276: 9252: 9240: 9228: 9216: 9204: 9192: 9180: 9168: 9156: 9144: 9132: 9120: 9108: 9093: 9081: 9069: 9057: 9045: 9033: 9021: 9009: 8997: 8985: 8973: 8961: 8949: 8913: 8901: 8889: 8877: 8865: 8853: 8841: 8829: 8817: 8805: 8793: 8781: 8769: 8757: 8745: 8733: 8721: 8709: 8698: 8669: 8657: 8645: 8633: 8621: 8609: 8573: 8561: 8549: 8537: 8525: 8516: 8504: 8492: 8480: 8468: 8456: 8444: 8432: 8420: 8408: 8396: 8384: 8372: 8360: 8348: 8336: 8324: 8312: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8261: 8249: 8237: 8225: 8216: 8204: 8170: 8100: 8088: 8076: 8064: 7198: 7046: 7044: 6658:. As they approached downriver on the 6079:Nova Scotia in the American Revolution 6057:List of Patriots (American Revolution) 5867:Revolutionary War commemoration stamps 5477:and with Franklin was a member of the 5221:tribes who deployed around 1,500 men. 3687:commanding land forces. The resulting 2904:and encountered minimal resistance at 2805:on June 8 ended operations in Quebec. 2325: 2287:in August, the association instituted 2209:, giving it a trading monopoly in the 27:1775–1783 American war of independence 29802:Rebellions against the British Empire 27002: 26484: 26246: 25908: 24712: 24656: 23437: 22912: 22550: 22303: 22228: 22156: 21727: 21063: 20897:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 20558: 20520: 19522:(3rd ed.). Infobase Publishing. 18896:. London : Printed for J. Almon. 18648:Canada's Digital Collections Program 18323:The War of the Revolution (2 volumes) 18136:U.S. Census Bureau (September 1975). 17688:The Revolution in Virginia, 1775–1783 17654: 17047:from the original on October 9, 2022. 16770: 16580:. George Boutleddge and Sons, London. 16042:. New York: Random House Paperbacks. 15910:Landrum, John Belton O'Neall (1897). 15281: 15257: 15060:Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J.R. (2008) . 14793:New Jersey in the American Revolution 14786:. Vol. 9. Harper & brothers. 14432:Dunkerly, Robert M. (April 2, 2014). 12902:"The Yorktown Campaign, October 1781" 12768: 11831: 11746: 11452: 11011: 10891: 10879: 10675: 9676: 8270: 7956: 7920: 7893: 7881: 7869: 7857: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7806: 7794: 7782: 7745: 7733: 7721: 7709: 7697: 7656:Kay, Marvin L. Michael (April 1969). 7632: 7593: 7581: 7578:Sept 1983, Vol. 5 Issue 3, pp 431–442 7553: 7534: 7522: 7510: 7498: 7486: 7469: 7458: 7446: 7303: 7183: 7150: 6143: 6133:Shipbuilding in the American colonies 5099:was killed in action during the war. 4767:, their economy was able to survive. 4451:that denied bases to the Royal Navy, 3875:Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell 3666:in June 1780; "Give 'em Watts, boys!" 3125: 2344:, who were charged with drafting the 2322:, which began the Revolutionary War. 1983:Map showing the territorial gains of 1971:Colonial history of the United States 1799:formalized Patriot militias into the 1548: 23715:Regulator Movement in North Carolina 23368:Timeline of U.S. military operations 22506:Daughters of the American Revolution 22304: 20856:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 20010:. Connecticut Historical Commission. 19817:. London: Thomas and William Boone. 19756:Nash, Gary B.; Carter Smith (2007). 19646:. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. 19538:Washington's Partisan War, 1775–1783 19279: 18828:The American Revolution: A World War 18782:Valley Forge National Historic Park 18709: 17989:The Philadelphia Campaign, 1777–1778 17978:The Battles of Trenton and Princeton 17713:The United States Marines: A History 17103: 16912:. Cengage Learning. pp. 13–15. 16692: 16587:Namier, Lewis; Brooke, John (1985). 16445:The Birth of the Republic: 1763–1789 16418:Mitchell, Barbara A. (Autumn 2012). 16325: 15970: 15126:Harrington, Hugh T. (January 2013). 14994:from the original on October 9, 2022 14598:. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. 14436:. Journal of the American Revolution 14331:. Vol. 1. Printed for J. Almon. 13968:Gibraltar 1779–1783: The Great Siege 13841:Cashin, Edward J. (March 26, 2005). 13262:The North Carolina Historical Review 13187:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 13122:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 13006:The American Revolution: A World War 12948:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 12945:A History of the American Revolution 12878:Stamps listed in chronological order 12755:Eliga H. Gould, Peter S. Onuf, eds. 12595: 11992: 11752: 10317: 9472:from the original on October 9, 2022 8426: 8047:"The Declaration House Through Time" 7626: 7614: 7213: 7011: 7000: 6989: 6775:reputed to have Loyalist sympathies. 5823:Essay Concerning Human Understanding 5270:fought in major battles such as the 5102: 5066:. Women often accompanied armies as 4470: 4238:campaigned east along the Gulf Coast 4092:from the British. Virginia militia, 2592: 164:Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 22501:Children of the American Revolution 22381:Timeline of the American Revolution 20078:Rodney and the Breaking of the Line 19929:. Royal Navy Museum. Archived from 19762:. Infobase Publishing. p. 64. 19643:A review of the history of infantry 19092:(3). Fenimore Art Museum: 283–294. 19076:. William Morrow and Co. 59-11702. 18901:Butterfield, Lyman H. (June 1950). 18869:. Penguin, 1998 (paperback reprint) 18795:Yale Law School, Massachusetts Act 18628: 18529:British Warships in the Age of Sail 18364: 18306:Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W. (1925). 18263: 18249:. New York: Harper & Brothers. 18101: 18084: 17884:. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan. 16986:Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation 16434:Historia de Gibraltar y de su campo 16269: 15125: 14491:. University Press of the Pacific. 14461:. Joel Munsell's Sons, Albany, NY. 14434:"8 Fast Facts about Camp Followers" 14038: 13710:Cadwalader, Richard McCall (1901). 13709: 13660:from the original on March 23, 2013 13637:Annual Register: World Events, 1783 13582: 10951: 9306: 9294: 9282: 9039: 9027: 9003: 8883: 8811: 8739: 8342: 8034: 7655: 7587: 7547: 7504: 7480: 7309: 7050: 7041: 6899:During the same time period in the 5988:Timeline of the American Revolution 5538:Washington enters New York City at 5186: 4747: 4605: 4499: 4177:by the Spanish Lieutenant Governor 4012: 3922:" to side with them. Skirmishes at 3794: 3679:A French naval force under Admiral 2788:respectively. British officials in 2749:without further loss and sailed to 2283:; based on a draft prepared by the 1854:, the Continental Congress fled to 24: 25243:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 25233:Assassination of James A. Garfield 21162:European allies of King George III 21018:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 20953:Committee of Secret Correspondence 20615:No taxation without representation 20454: 20365: 20336:Journal of the American Revolution 19666:. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 19574:Lemaître, Georges Édouard (2005). 18806: 18635:Journal of the American Revolution 18382:The Reign of George III, 1760–1815 18105:History of the American Revolution 18052:Thomas, Molly (November 9, 2017). 17637: 17565:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1958.tb02208.x 17225:Journal of the American Revolution 17003: 16577:Mulhall's Dictionary of Statistics 16552: 16535:(6th ed.). Harper & Row. 16400:Origins of the American Revolution 16349: 16279:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 16093: 16089:. New York: Harper & Brothers. 16077: 16011: 15849:Knesebeck, Ernst von dem (2017) . 15551: 15132:Journal of the American Revolution 15111:(Map). A. Gutman & B. Avanzati 14672:. University of New Mexico Press. 14665: 14551: 14480:(PhD). University of North Dakota. 14199: 14122:. Three Rivers Press. p. 51. 13739:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 12981: 11944: 11353: 10939: 10597: 10490: 10442: 9846:, "Washington's Savvy Won the Day" 9709: 9502: 9490: 9456:"Spain in the American Revolution" 9453: 9030:, "Writings" v. 7, pp. 38, 130–131 8823: 8486: 7986: 7298: 7035:Journal of the American Revolution 6759:, American privateers mainly from 6062:Quakers in the American Revolution 5790:no taxation without representation 5338:Britain's "American war" and peace 4955:Prince of Wales' American Regiment 4894:, known as "the Mercenary State". 3850:on their western border; with the 3426:took the opportunity to introduce 3024:, Washington launched the six-man 2936:British New York counter-offensive 2908:. Hopkins' troops then marched on 2501:Committee of Secret Correspondence 2348:, including (from left to right): 2101:Although directly administered by 25: 29823: 27839:Director of National Intelligence 25275:Assassination of William McKinley 23464:Colonial conflicts involving the 23125:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 22528:Museum of the American Revolution 20435: 20349:Zlatich, Marko; Copeland, Peter. 19844:France in the American Revolution 19019:. Vol. 2. London, J. Murray. 18975:Empire or independence, 1760–1776 18817:Bibliography of George Washington 18796: 18732: 18692: 18508: 18460: 18172: 18096:Archived online at HathiTrust.org 17975:Stryker, William Scudder (1898). 17909: 17889:Stewart, Richard W., ed. (2005). 17666:Seineke, Kathrine Wagner (1981). 17437: 17278:Reynolds, William R. Jr. (2012). 17277: 17238:. University of Wisconsin Press. 17219:Reid, Darren R. (June 19, 2017). 17174: 16982: 16905: 16431:Montero, Francisco Maria (1860). 16417: 16293: 16219:Amerikastudien / American Studies 15935:. Sourcebooks. pp. 195–196. 15805: 15784: 15630: 15609: 15575: 15530: 15366:Howat, Kenna (November 9, 2017). 15323: 15267:. Northeastern University Press. 15184:Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania 15138: 15027: 14512:His Excellency: George Washington 14284:Dictionary of American Biography 14080: 14034:. Vol. 1. London, J. Murray. 13884: 13756: 13672: 13644: 13622: 13372:. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. 1. 13315:. Vol. 1. London, MacMillan. 12810:. Cengage Learning. p. 156. 12424: 12412: 12262: 12250: 12202: 12127: 12079: 11305: 11191: 11047: 10559: 10418: 10382: 10358: 10346: 10281: 10197: 10125: 10086: 9589: 9441: 9418: 9407: 9270: 8787: 8651: 8282: 8255: 8243: 8192:. The Indianapolis Public Library 7938: 7765:"The Weare NH Historical Society" 7643: 7599: 7559: 7452: 7384: 6222:Bibliography of George Washington 6205: 6180:Museum of the American Revolution 6073:Others in the American Revolution 5778: 5773:banning the importation of slaves 5120:soldiers, including one from the 4711:France in the American Revolution 4267: 3572:, Charles agreed only to support 2653:Commander-in-Chief, North America 2518:west of the Appalachian Mountains 2511: 2258:Throughout the 18th century, the 2197:, then came to a head in 1773. A 1927:and forced Great Britain to cede 1815:two days later, on July 4, 1776. 29719: 29707: 27995:Government Accountability Office 26982: 26973: 26972: 26937: 26936: 25494:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 25287:Nadir of American race relations 25166:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 22416:Continental Currency dollar coin 22401:Women in the American Revolution 20501:"The American Revolutionary War" 20466: 20122:. New York: H. Holt and company. 20119:The frontier in American history 19693:(3). Wiley Publishers: 370–389. 19679:Middleton, Richard (July 2013). 18649: 18430: 18378: 18116:Washington Crossing the Delaware 18094:. Longmans, Green, and Company. 18030: 17974: 17960:. Univ of South Carolina Press. 17881:Dictionary of National Biography 17877: 17813: 17802: 17705: 17665: 17661:(PHD). Florida State University. 17655:Schwamenfeld, Steven W. (2007). 17550: 17379:. Self-published. Archived from 17024: 16940: 16849: 16699:. University of Oklahoma Press. 16532:Encyclopedia of American History 16424:MHQ (Military History Quarterly) 16304: 16258: 16123:. University of Nebraska Press. 15949: 15928: 15909: 15870:Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (2009). 15826: 15718: 15687:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 15488: 15385: 15309:. University of Virginia Press. 15215: 15191: 15145:. University Press of Kentucky. 15059: 15048: 15013:. Univ of South Carolina Press. 14887: 14874: 14839: 14809: 14742: 14718: 14644: 14623: 14602: 14567: 14450: 14324: 14210: 14170: 14006: 13985: 13964: 13819: 13733:Calhoon, Robert McCluer (1973). 13732: 13693: 13457: 13287:The Florida Historical Quarterly 13280: 13136: 13115: 12743:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00705.x 12653: 12376: 12361: 12325: 12298: 12286: 12274: 12091: 12067: 12043: 12031: 12004: 11932: 11920: 11881: 11647: 11584: 11404: 11320:, "Revolutionary War in Georgia" 11293: 11281: 11257: 11227: 11215: 11155: 11143: 11095: 11071: 11035: 10915: 10855: 10831: 10807: 10786: 10660: 10624: 10547: 10535: 10511: 10478: 10370: 10334: 10173: 10149: 10137: 10113: 10050: 9978: 9966: 9915: 9780: 9721: 9697: 9682: 9625: 9550: 9544: 9532: 9526: 9520: 9390: 9366: 9330: 9258: 9186: 9138: 9051: 8991: 8955: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8925: 8859: 8799: 8775: 8763: 8751: 8715: 8627: 8543: 8531: 8474: 8462: 8414: 8390: 8366: 8354: 8330: 8306: 8231: 8210: 8182: 8146: 8128: 8082: 8058: 8040: 7962: 7899: 7887: 7875: 7851: 7836: 7824: 7788: 7739: 7715: 7703: 7440: 7369: 7346: 7335: 7299:Britannica 1911, "C. H. Estaing" 7287: 7271:Dictionary of American Biography 7234: 7207: 7192: 7074: 7062: 7017: 7006: 6919: 6906: 6893: 6884: 6871: 6861: 6847: 6818: 6809: 6798: 6788: 6778: 6749: 6740: 6715: 6697: 6687: 6669: 6643: 6633: 6616: 6607: 6586: 6217:Bibliography of Thomas Jefferson 6195:United States Semiquincentennial 6165:Independence Day (United States) 6026:Social history of the Revolution 6015:Flags of the American Revolution 5946: 5927: 5907: 5891: 5566:, and ended at Cape's Tavern on 5035:Women in the American Revolution 4975:in 1780, raising Patriot morale. 4848: 4264:after the war officially ended. 3619:First League of Armed Neutrality 3379:on October 4, but was repulsed. 3150:Washington Crossing the Delaware 2942:New York and New Jersey campaign 2912:. Hopkins had promised governor 2599:Battles of Lexington and Concord 2320:Battles of Lexington and Concord 2310:limited colonial trade with the 2250:Battles of Lexington and Concord 2201:led to the near-collapse of the 2019:. Acquisition of territories in 1832:New York and New Jersey campaign 1822:, Washington's forces drove the 1793:Battles of Lexington and Concord 1163: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1103: 1091: 1079: 1067: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1019: 994: 982: 970: 963: 951: 943: 933: 921: 909: 897: 885: 873: 856: 849: 837: 830: 812: 805: 714: 702: 692: 682: 672: 662: 652: 639: 632: 539: 531: 480: 461: 449: 436: 349: 342: 327: 320: 306: 102: 93: 82: 73: 62: 29792:Civil wars in the United States 25196:First transcontinental railroad 23540:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 22511:Sons of the American Revolution 20372:Princeton University Law School 20257:The Journal of Economic History 20202:The Journal of Economic History 20112: 19866:. Library of Congress archives. 19660:"Battle of Guilford Courthouse" 19552:Larabee, Leonard Woods (1959). 19447:The Journal of Southern History 19376:Johnston, Henry Phelps (1881). 19305:. University of Chicago Press. 18711:"An Unlikely Victory 1777–1783" 18674: 18479: 18225:. University of Toronto Press. 18218: 18147: 18112: 18051: 18006: 17951: 17824: 17781: 17760: 17510: 17373:"Battle of Monmouth Courthouse" 17252: 17157:The North Carolina Continentals 16968:. University of Chicago Press. 16870: 16856:. University of Alabama Press. 16828: 16723:The Journal of American History 16671: 16650: 16586: 16528: 16507: 16465: 16441: 16396: 16382: 16083:Lowell, Edward Jackson (1884). 16057:Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2010). 16032: 15680: 15610:Kaminski, John P., ed. (1995). 15576:Johnston, Henry Phelps (1897). 15513:The Life of George Rogers Clark 15449: 15386:Hubbard, Robert Ernest (2017). 15372:National Women's History Museum 15288:. University of Georgia Press. 15159: 15139:Harrison, Lowell Hayes (2001). 15049:Greene, Francis Vinton (1913). 14985:Sons of the American Revolution 14961:. Henry Holt and Company, LLC. 14956: 14929: 14870:. University of Michigan Press. 14863: 14697: 14693:. Preston & Rounds Company. 14568:Everest, Allan Seymour (1977). 14427:. Medical field service school. 14420: 14211:Davies, K.G., ed. (1972–1981). 14136: 14027: 13777: 13694:Butterfield, Consul W. (1903). 13601: 13554: 13386: 13180: 13094: 13044: 12920:Adams, Charles Francis (1911). 12886: 12583: 12571: 12559: 12490: 12310: 12238: 12214: 12187: 12163: 12139: 12055: 11968: 11725:Eschner, Kat (April 26, 2017). 11698: 11659: 11596: 11488: 11377: 11356:, "Best armies money could buy" 11203: 11131: 11083: 11059: 10963: 10903: 10867: 10798:Jillson and Wilson, 1994, p. 77 10714: 10702: 10687: 10430: 10394: 10293: 10257: 10185: 10101: 10074: 10062: 10038: 9990: 9954: 9927: 9903: 9891: 9793:Soodalter, Ron (July 8, 2011). 9756: 9661: 9637: 9613: 9601: 9042:, "Writings" v. 7, pp. 131, 130 9015: 8872:Morris, R.B. Morris 1983 (1965) 8871: 8835: 8555: 8318: 8140: 8010: 7998: 7863: 7757: 7751: 7727: 7649: 7568: 7363: 7351: 7340: 7329: 7292: 7262: 7257: 7251: 7239: 7228: 7177: 7136: 7124: 7118: 7080: 7068: 7056: 6577: 6567: 6557: 6547: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6483: 6450: 6421: 6412: 6403: 6394: 6385: 6375: 6366: 6356: 6343: 6340:(2,422), flying this same flag. 6326: 6090:Lists of Revolutionary military 5404:American Congress signs a peace 5301:fought on both sides; and many 4951:American Legion (Great Britain) 4783: 4046:From the beginning of the war, 3244:British northern strategy fails 1874:in February 1778. In 1779, the 1870:with the rebels, followed by a 29638:Separation of church and state 27854:National Reconnaissance Office 27797:President of the United States 23643:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War 23403:List of anti-war organizations 22411:Continental currency banknotes 21499:Staten Island Peace Conference 20512:United States Military Academy 19847:. Cornell University Library. 19841:Perkins, James Breck (2009) . 19501:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 184–185. 19418:The William and Mary Quarterly 19044:. Publisher: E. Arnold, 1995. 18932:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 18770:. U.S. National Archives. 1783 18651:"The Philipsburg Proclamation" 18451: 18416:. Cambridge University Press. 18411: 18343: 18305: 18239: 18202:10.1080/00253359.2008.10657052 18188:Vale, Brian (March 22, 2013). 18179:The American Revolutionary War 18167: 18154:US Central Intelligence Agency 18113:Tucker, Mary (March 1, 2002). 17992:. University Press of Kansas. 17937:. Cambridge University Press. 17930: 17916:. University of Exeter Press. 17684: 17616: 17579: 17489: 17341: 17330: 17231: 17218: 17054:The William and Mary Quarterly 17051: 16983:Peterson, Merrill D. (1975) . 16962:Peckham, Howard Henry (1974). 16961: 16749: 16720: 16590:The House of Commons 1754–1790 16216: 16192: 16178:. Courier Dover Publications. 16171: 16152: 16138: 16120:The War for America: 1775–1783 16116: 16007:. Vol. 4. pp. 70–78. 15869: 15763: 15739: 15586: 15561:. Princeton University Press. 15555:(2018). Julian P. Boyd (ed.). 15509: 15456:. Cambridge University Press. 15365: 15219:George III: A Personal History 15090:. Cambridge University Press. 14935: 14828: 14779: 14763: 14588: 14529: 14515:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. 14505: 14473: 14349: 14336:Donne, W. Bodham, ed. (1867). 14301: 14249:. Cambridge University Press. 14108:. Princeton University Press. 14102:Corwin, Edward Samuel (1916). 13843:"Revolutionary War in Georgia" 13633: 13533: 13512: 13491: 13468: 13458:Billias, George Athan (1969). 13436: 13407: 13354: 13326:. Government Printing Office. 13320:Bell, William Gardner (2005). 13289:. Florida Historical Society. 13281:Beerman, Eric (October 1979). 13238: 13101:. Cambridge University Press. 12962: 12941: 12934:The American historical review 12919: 12466: 12454: 12400: 12388: 12337: 12175: 12151: 12016: 11980: 11956: 11908: 11896: 11804:Tucker, Abigail (March 2022). 11683: 11560: 11548: 11536: 11512: 11476: 11179: 11107: 10987: 10975: 10762: 10750: 10726: 10641: 10523: 10454: 10233: 9768: 9649: 9574: 9514: 9429: 9378: 9354: 9318: 9222: 9198: 9174: 9162: 9150: 9126: 9114: 9102: 9087: 9075: 8979: 8895: 8692: 8675: 8639: 8579: 8498: 8402: 8378: 8152: 8070: 8022: 7950: 7812: 7663:The William and Mary Quarterly 7516: 7464: 7413: 7398: 7022: 6995: 6317: 6281: 6248: 6235: 6170:The Last Men of the Revolution 5703:of the British, mostly in the 5479:American Philosophical Society 4945:Loyalist (American Revolution) 4554:Revolutionary War Drill Manual 4354:François Joseph Paul de Grasse 4262:continued fighting in the west 4213:but did not end Indian raids. 3976:Battle of Guilford Court House 3681:Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing 3177:crossing of the Delaware River 3064:Staten Island Peace Conference 2883:Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge 2877:. Loyalists were recruited in 2710:. On June 17, they seized the 2635:raises the fort's flag at the 2225:, an event later known as the 646:German mercenaries/auxiliaries 143:Battle of Guilford Court House 13: 1: 24040:Black War (Van Diemen's Land) 23884:Castle Hill convict rebellion 23315:War against the Islamic State 22229: 21205:German supporters of Congress 20903:Massachusetts Circular Letter 20374:'s Avalon Project and at the 19860:Peters, Richard, ed. (1846). 19811:Nicolas, Paul Harris (1845). 19776:National Institute of Health 19640:Lloyd, Earnest Marsh (1908). 19284:. University of Texas Press. 19211:A history of the British army 18998:. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 18783: 18766: 18749: 18579: 18558: 18544:. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 18534: 18319: 18219:Walker, James W. St. (1992). 18187: 18135: 18069:Tolson, Jay (June 27, 2008). 17888: 17866: 17803:Smith, Justin Harvey (1907). 17761:Skaggs, David Curtis (1977). 17529: 17416: 17395: 17025:Piecuch, Jim (October 2004). 17004:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2016). 16871:Palmer, Dave Richard (2010). 16631: 16607: 16574:Mulhall, Michael G. (1884) . 16237: 16082: 16056: 16012:Lefkowitz, Arthur S. (2007). 15645:10.1080/07075332.1983.9640322 15495:. Columbia University Press. 15404: 15344: 15216:Hibbert, Christopher (2000). 15180: 14936:Glattharr, Joseph T. (2007). 14875:Frothingham, Richard (1903). 14832:A history of the British army 14651:. Bloomsbury Publishing, US. 14572:. Syracuse University Press. 14431: 14421:Duncan, Louis Caspar (1931). 14399: 14370: 14149: 14081:Cogliano, Francis D. (2003). 13909: 13863: 13798: 13393:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 13369:Historic Fort York, 1793–1993 13365: 13319: 13308: 13201: 13023: 12663:, vol. 28, no. 2 (1976): 267. 12631: 12619: 12607: 12514: 12226: 11869: 11857: 11709: 11671: 11500: 11464: 11440: 11428: 11416: 11389: 11365: 11341: 11329: 11119: 11023: 10843: 10819: 10738: 10585: 10570: 10466: 10406: 9855: 9744: 9538: 9342: 9234: 9210: 8967: 8919: 8847: 8705:CIA 2011, Historical Document 8510: 8176: 8164: 8111: 8094: 7800: 7576:International History Review, 7323: 7222: 7130: 6949:after the Admiralty declared 5800:, who were influenced by the 5792:." Contemporaries credit the 5464:, England's former ally, and 5046:single-handedly captured six 4925:The presence of over 150,000 4906:; however, negotiations with 4898:many other states, including 4400:Washington moved his army to 4052:Governor of Spanish Louisiana 3789:To the Inhabitants of America 3662:repulsing the British at the 3630:British victories over France 3424:Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben 3273:in September and October 1777 3059:'s regiments as a rearguard. 2581:aided the colonial forces of 2528:. The Americans defeated the 2279:and on October 20 passed the 1330:48,000, most in North America 28000:Government Publishing Office 27468:Technological and industrial 26364:Hispanic and Latino American 25218:Second Industrial Revolution 25052:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 24758:Exploration of North America 24684:History of the United States 20886:Committees of correspondence 20081:. Pen & Sword Military. 20042:. Henry Chapman Publishers. 19987:University of Virginia Press 19981:Scribner, Robert L. (1988). 19949:Firearms in American History 19906:Ridpath, John Clark (1915). 19891:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 121. 19741:. Cornell University Press. 19556:. Cornell University Press. 19322:The Journal of Negro History 19219:Fredriksen, John C. (2006). 19165:. New York: The Dial Press. 19105:Downes, Randolph C. (1940). 19059:History of Washington County 18753:. U.S. Merchant Marine. 2012 18726:American Revolution timeline 18437:. Indiana University Press. 18431:Weigley, Russell F. (1977). 17835: 17465:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. 17458: 17312:"The British Army 1775–1783" 17309: 17299:Rignault, Daniel P. (2004). 16926: 16573: 16508:Morris, Richard B. (1983) . 16486: 16430: 16383:Miller, Hunter, ed. (1931). 16368:10.1080/00253359.2014.866373 16244:. Rowman & Littlefield. 15892: 15876:. Harvard University Press. 15719:Kennedy, Frances H. (2014). 15659: 15633:International History Review 15616:. Rowman & Littlefield. 15582:. Columbia University Press. 15579:The Battle of Harlem Heights 15405:Hunt, Paula D. (June 2015). 15302: 15236: 15192:Herring, George C. (2011) . 15083: 14888:Gabriel, Michael P. (2012). 14790: 14704:. Indiana University Press. 14457:. Translated from German by 14350:Duffy, Christopher (2005) . 14302:Deane, Mark (May 14, 2018). 14285: 14263: 14115: 14039:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). 13820:Carroll, Francis M. (2001). 13590: 13519:. Indiana University Press. 13160:Babits, Lawrence E. (2011). 13073: 12930: 12217: , pp. 221–323, 331–333 12103: 11753:Hunt, Paula D. (June 2015). 11635: 10999: 10774: 10245: 9939: 9879: 9867: 8907: 8727: 8663: 8567: 8450: 8438: 8190:"Indiana bicentennial coins" 7926: 7528: 7357: 7268: 7245: 6976: 6200:List of wars of independence 6150:American Revolution Statuary 6138:Slavery in the United States 5922:'s surrender, issued in 1927 5594: 5523: 5060:Frederika Charlotte Riedesel 5012:A Loyalist militia unit—the 4938: 4884:professional German soldiers 4236:In 1781, Galvez and Pollock 4088:was undertaken to seize the 3861:Germain accordingly ordered 3526:Treaty of Amity and Commerce 3004:On August 12, 1776, Patriot 2867:siege of Savage's Old Fields 2244:Break with the British Crown 1680:American War of Independence 193:American and allied victory 118:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis 7: 29472:Women's reproductive health 28438:Federally recognized tribes 28301:Public utilities commission 28205:Public Health Service Corps 28108:Code of Federal Regulations 27990:Congressional Budget Office 27844:Central Intelligence Agency 27750:Water supply and sanitation 27177:Declaration of Independence 25888:Indictments of Donald Trump 25079:First Industrial Revolution 24913:Declaration of Independence 24903:Second Continental Congress 22858:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 22523:Charters of Freedom Rotunda 21728: 21554:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 21539:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781 21313:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 20968:Declaration of Independence 20933:Second Continental Congress 20392:Declaration of Independence 20157:U.S. National Park Service 19796:Neimeyer, Charles Patrick. 19146:. Oxford University Press. 19062:. B. Singerly. p. 49. 18610:. Marine Corps University. 18565:. Penguin Press, New York. 18385:. Oxford University Press. 18068: 18016:. WW Norton & Company. 17459:Russell, David Lee (2000). 17334:Supplying Washington's Army 17253:Renaut, Francis P. (1922). 17232:Reid, John Phillip (1987). 17153: 17132: 17116:(40): 38–39. Archived from 17106:"Benedict Arnold at Quebec" 16989:. Oxford University Press. 16935:paullin massachusetts navy. 16933:. The Burrows Brothers Co. 16672:Nester, William R. (2004). 16553:Morrissey, Brendan (1997). 16442:Morgan, Edmund S. (2012) . 16350:Middleton, Richard (2014). 16335:. Oxford University Press. 16305:McGuire, Thomas J. (2011). 16000: 15989: 15916:. Greenville, SC: Shannon. 15833:. New York: Hill and Wang. 15830:American Slavery: 1619–1877 15510:James, James Alton (2013). 15450:Ingrao, Charles W. (2003). 15198:. Oxford University Press. 15187:. Vol. 4. W.F. Geddes. 15104: 15006: 14743:Fischer, Joseph R. (2008). 14728:. Oxford University Press. 14630:. Oxford University Press. 14609:. Oxford University Press. 14156:. New York: HarperCollins. 14101: 14059: 14045:(4th ed.). McFarland. 13943: 13910:Chandler, Jonathan (2017). 13840: 13763:. Oxford University Press. 13757:Calloway, Colin G. (2007). 13634:Burke, Edmond, ed. (1785). 13629:. Albany, N.Y., J. Munsell. 13464:. University of California. 13340: 13159: 13009:. Smithsonian Institution. 12937:. New York: Kraus Reprints. 12899: 12860:Houseman; Kloetzel (2019). 12675:Journal of American History 12645:Journal of American History 12526: 12502: 12116:Davis, L. and Engerman 2006 11882:Canada' Digital Collections 11611: 11524: 11317: 10221: 10209: 10161: 10026: 10014: 10002: 9843: 9063: 8294: 8143:, "Intelligence Until WWII" 7974: 7225:, "Privateers and Mariners" 5974: 5813:Two Treatises of Government 5089:disguised themselves as men 4812:Commander from 1763 to 1775 4494:own newspapers and printers 4102:on July 4 and then secured 4069:, a successful merchant in 4065:The trade was organized by 3865:, the British commander in 3769:Battle of Connecticut Farms 2891:Battle of Sullivan's Island 2831:In Virginia, an attempt by 2792:began negotiating with the 2743:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 2637:Battle of Sullivan's Island 2633:2nd South Carolina Regiment 2438:Second Continental Congress 2434:Declaration of Independence 2412:Declaration of Independence 2346:Declaration of Independence 1935:, and small territories in 1862:was forced to surrender at 1830:responded by launching the 1813:Declaration of Independence 1797:Second Continental Congress 1748:in 1783, which resulted in 131:The Death of General Warren 10: 29828: 29742:American Revolutionary War 28650:Red states and blue states 28555:City commission government 28550:Council–manager government 26485: 26247: 25909: 25780:Killing of Osama bin Laden 24868:First Continental Congress 24713: 24557:Jewish revolt in Palestine 24202:Fenian Rebellion in Canada 23847:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign 23739:American Revolutionary War 23305:War in North-West Pakistan 23155:Second Sumatran expedition 23120:American Revolutionary War 22583:American Revolutionary War 22406:Financial costs of the war 20913:First Continental Congress 20764:Royal Proclamation of 1763 20709:Second Rockingham ministry 20548:American Revolutionary War 19243:Washington at Valley Forge 19240:Freedman, Russell (2008). 19013:Clode, Charles M. (1869). 18992:Clarfield, Gerard (1992). 18810: 18736:. Totallyhistory.com. 2012 18602: 18320:Ward, Christopher (1952). 17986:Taafe, Stephen R. (2003). 17985: 17739: 17638:Showalter, Dennis (2007). 17344:Eighteenth-Century Studies 17197: 17175:Rappleye, Charles (2010). 17089:. McFarland. p. 135. 16891: 16807: 16750:Otfinoski, Steven (2008). 16294:McGeorge, Wallace (1905). 15848: 15812:. Henry Holt and Company. 15791:. Henry Holt and Company. 15725:. Oxford UP. p. 163. 15697: 15470: 15324:Hogeland, William (2017). 15028:Grainger, John D. (2005). 14686: 14485:Edler, Friedrich (2001) . 14484: 14371:Dull, Jonathan R (2015) . 14342:. Vol. 2. J. Murray. 14335: 14137:Curtis, Edward E. (1926). 14110:online at Internet Archive 14028:Clode, Charles M. (1869). 13944:Chávez, Thomas E. (2002). 13534:Boatner, Mark M. (1974) . 13473:. In Michael Duffy (ed.). 13239:Baker, Mark Allen (2014). 13074:Archuleta, Roy A. (2006). 13047:William and Mary Quarterly 12890: 12771:American Historical Review 12478: 11575: , pp. 14–16 , 35, 38 11572: 11269: 11242: 11167: 10609: 9562: 9246: 8615: 8603: 8591: 7914: 7864:Paine, Kramnick (Ed.) 1982 7769:wearehistoricalsociety.org 7455:, "Patriots or Terrorists" 7425: 7360:, "British Army 1775–1783" 7156: 6725:; the Navy comes from the 6640:"Natural way" of immunity. 6353:(5,723), flying this flag. 6190:United States Bicentennial 5662: 5527: 5407: 5346: 5190: 5106: 5032: 4948: 4942: 4852: 4828:Charlestown, Massachusetts 4817:islands in the Caribbean; 4793: 4787: 4751: 4714: 4708: 4665:United States Marine Corps 4629: 4619: 4609: 4509: 4503: 4271: 4224:, but they dispersed when 4183:Virginia County courthouse 4016: 3980:Wilmington, North Carolina 3961:, who defeated Tarleton's 3798: 3644: 3459:Battle of Flamborough Head 3438: 3269:maneuvers and (inset) the 3247: 3236:. With the exception of a 3196:Bucks County, Pennsylvania 3192:crossed the Delaware River 3175:officer, took part in the 3129: 2945: 2939: 2756:Beginning in August 1775, 2731:fortify Dorchester Heights 2685:shot heard round the world 2641:Charleston, South Carolina 2603:Shot heard round the world 2596: 2415: 2329: 2316:Newfoundland cod fisheries 2269:First Continental Congress 2254:First Continental Congress 2247: 2090: 2044:Royal Proclamation of 1763 2015:from their possessions in 1964: 1958: 1672:American Revolutionary War 1428:130,000 dead from smallpox 1413:178,800–223,800 total dead 544:Br. Canadien mil., Fr. led 44:American Revolutionary War 29: 29659: 29485: 29358: 29290: 28943: 28939: 28930: 28878: 28743: 28734: 28630: 28601: 28578: 28517: 28484: 28475: 28418: 28406:Comparison of governments 28381: 28344: 28321: 28237: 28217: 28148: 28086: 28008: 27931: 27789: 27780: 27776: 27767: 27489: 27480: 27425: 27385:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 27226:drafting and ratification 27199:Articles of Confederation 27112: 27046: 27037: 26958: 26924: 26868: 26832: 26820: 26559: 26533: 26495: 26491: 26480: 26253: 26242: 25915: 25904: 25770: 25673: 25601: 25502: 25413: 25364:Wall Street Crash of 1929 25295: 25176: 25161:Emancipation Proclamation 25092: 25015: 24963: 24930:Articles of Confederation 24883: 24768:Native American epidemics 24748: 24723: 24719: 24708: 24690: 24391: 24328:Jameson Raid South Africa 23862: 23615: 23476: 23350: 23150:First Sumatran expedition 23112: 22951: 22944: 22885: 22866: 22830: 22750: 22709: 22683: 22607: 22598: 22589: 22373: 22342: 22318: 22314: 22299: 22260:Constitutional Convention 22240:Society of the Cincinnati 22235: 22224: 22149: 22044: 21888: 21881: 21826: 21745: 21738: 21734: 21723: 21680: 21602: 21588: 21562: 21529:Carlisle Peace Commission 21491: 21363:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga 21292: 21217: 21170: 21137: 21100: 21093: 21089: 21059: 21028:Hutchinson letters affair 20995: 20978:Articles of Confederation 20838: 20825:Proclamation of Rebellion 20737: 20689:First Rockingham ministry 20666: 20633:All men are created equal 20572: 20568: 20554: 20280:10.1017/S0022050700040602 20225:10.1017/S0022050700040602 20162:. Nps.gov. April 25, 2013 20152:American Military History 20114:Turner, Frederick Jackson 20021:. ABC-CLIO. p. 374. 20015:Smith, Merril D. (2015). 20004:Selig, Robert A. (1999). 19885:Reich, Jerome R. (1997). 19759:Atlas Of American History 18947:Caughey, John W. (1998). 18925: 18270:. Encyclopedia Britannica 18196:. 94, 2008 (2): 160–175. 17910:Stockley, Andrew (2001). 17867:Stedman, Charles (1794). 17746:. Penguin Books Limited. 17691:. Colonial Williamsburg. 17617:Scott, Hamish M. (1990). 17594:10.1017/S0018246X00023499 17530:Schecter, Barnet (2003). 17396:Rose, Alexander (2014) . 17082: 16941:Pearson, Jesse T (2005). 16927:Paullin, Charles (1906). 16814:. Yale University Press. 16651:Nelson, Larry L. (1999). 16159:. Boston: Little, Brown. 16100:. Purple Mountain Press. 16094:Lowenthal, Larry (2009). 16039:General George Washington 15950:Lanning, Michael (2012). 15929:Lanning, Michael (2009). 15893:Lanctot, Gustave (1967). 15411:The New England Quarterly 15327:Autumn of the Black Snake 14975: 14908: 14451:Eelking, Max von (1893). 14406:. Yale University Press. 14325:Debrett, J., ed. (1781). 14171:Daughan, George (2011) . 14007:Clayton, Anthony (2014). 13867:The French and Indian War 13679:. New York: Basic Books. 13608:. John Wiley & Sons. 13259: 12988:. ABC-CLIO. p. 356. 12338:Treaty of Greenville 1795 11760:The New England Quarterly 11623: 10832:Freeman and Harwell (ed.) 10305: 10269: 9733: 7347:Beerman 1979, pp. 177–179 7336:Gayarré 1867, pp. 125–126 7258:Keiley 1912, "Rochambeau" 7223:U.S. Merchant Marine 2012 6755:In what was known as the 6652:Illinois County, Virginia 6300:Illinois County, Virginia 5982:1776 in the United States 5953:150th anniversary of the 5914:150th anniversary of the 5717: 5649:Washington administration 5606:Kentucky County, Virginia 5160:1st Rhode Island Regiment 5122:1st Rhode Island Regiment 5084:The New England Quarterly 5002:Carlisle Peace Commission 4704: 4688:. On March 10, 1783, the 4286:fleet (left) engages the 3574:France's war with Britain 3556:'s joint expedition with 3449:Carlisle Peace Commission 3313:captured Fort Ticonderoga 3200:Mercer County, New Jersey 2978:Battle of Fort Washington 2948:Battle of Fort Washington 2856:Third Virginia Convention 2828:alienated the Canadians. 2657:Governor of Massachusetts 2536:in October 1777, and the 2390:Proclamation of Rebellion 2285:First Virginia Convention 2147:First Rockingham ministry 1744:. The war ended with the 1588: 1398: 1185: 795: 536:Br. Canadien, Cong. rgts. 291: 152: 56: 48: 43: 29425:Prescription drug prices 28545:Mayor–council government 28535:Coterminous municipality 28525:Consolidated city-county 28291:Agriculture commissioner 27941:House of Representatives 27849:National Security Agency 27499:Contiguous United States 26850:Northern Mariana Islands 25423:Strike wave of 1945–1946 24539:Arab revolt in Palestine 24136:Second Anglo-Burmese War 23878:Second Anglo-Maratha War 23769:Australian frontier wars 23104:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 23064:Battle of Blair Mountain 22848:Pennsylvania Line Mutiny 21524:Entry of France into war 21139:Kingdom of Great Britain 20036:Southey, Robert (1831). 19966:. Macmillan. p. 5. 19819:port praya suffren 1781. 19580:. Kessinger Publishing. 19516:Kohn, George C. (2006). 19357:Jensen, Merrill (2004). 19208:Fortescue, John (1902). 19161:Fleming, Thomas (1970). 19126:Duncan, Francis (1879). 18623:Websites without authors 18559:Wood, Gordon S. (2017). 18480:Wilson, David K (2005). 18461:Whiteley, Peter (1996). 18412:Weeks, William (2015) . 17840:Canada Invaded 1775–1776 17836:Stanley, George (1973). 17517:. New American library. 17444:. Taylor & Francis. 17183:. Simon & Schuster. 17133:Rankin, Hugh F. (1987). 16892:Pares, Richard (1963) . 16811:The Men Who Lost America 16593:. Boydell & Brewer. 16466:Morley, Vincent (2002). 16460:foreword by Joseph Ellis 16397:Miller, John C. (1959). 16259:McCrady, Edward (1901). 16172:—— (2020) . 16117:Mackesy, Piers (1993) . 15660:Katcher, Philip (1973). 15345:Horn, Pierre L. (1989). 15303:Hoffman, Ronald (1981). 15066:. Blackwell Publishers. 14867:General Gage's Informers 14829:Fortescue, John (1902). 14550:Encyclopædia Britannica 14474:Eclov, Jon Paul (2013). 14143:. Yale University Press. 14060:Conway, Stephen (2002). 13965:Chartrand, René (2006). 13864:Cave, Alfred A. (2004). 13847:New Georgia Encyclopedia 13700:. Columbus, Ohio: Heer. 13650:"Patriots or Terrorists" 13591:Brown, Weldon A (1941). 13555:Borick, Carl P. (2003). 13492:—— (2001) . 13181:Bailyn, Bernard (2007). 13024:Ammerman, David (1974). 12164:Morris, R.B. Morris 1983 8704: 8049:, National Park Services 7414:Savas & Dameron 2006 6828:of 1796 under President 6806:Weigley 1973, ch. 2 6474:Battle of the Chesapeake 6302:) at the county seat of 6276:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 6228: 5994:Topics of the Revolution 5875:was issued in 1849, the 5653:Jefferson administration 5343:Changing Prime Ministers 5272:Battle of Fort Charlotte 5141:Philipsburg Proclamation 5028: 4973:Battle of Kings Mountain 4374:Battle of the Chesapeake 4292:Battle of the Chesapeake 3987:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill 3948:Battle of Kings Mountain 3508:Silas Deane was sent to 3495:government front company 3354:Friedrich Adolf Riedesel 3072:Battle of Harlem Heights 2869:began on November 19 in 2520:. Fighting began in the 2087:Taxation and legislation 1913:a new British government 1693:forces organized as the 1422:17,000 dead from disease 29510:Criticism of government 28855:Social welfare programs 28448:State-recognized tribes 27433:Outline of U.S. history 27145:Continental Association 26385:Middle Eastern American 26202:Technology and industry 25072:Seneca Falls Convention 24873:Continental Association 24773:Settlement of Jamestown 24533:Second Mohmand campaign 24268:Third Anglo-Burmese War 24232:Second Anglo-Afghan War 24034:First Anglo-Burmese War 24010:Third Anglo-Maratha War 23841:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 23751:Second Anglo-Mysore War 23745:First Anglo-Maratha War 23363:Wars involving the U.S. 23200:Philippine–American War 23084:1960s ghetto rebellions 22255:Ratification Day (1784) 21580:Second Anglo-Mysore War 21264:Northern after Saratoga 21244:New York and New Jersey 20918:Continental Association 20815:Conciliatory Resolution 20674:Pitt–Newcastle ministry 20647:Consent of the governed 20506:April 15, 2023, at the 20127:Volo, M. James (2006). 20039:The life of Lord Nelson 19952:. Boston: C.W. Sawyer. 19714:—— (2014). 19699:10.1111/1468-229X.12014 19280:Frey, Sylvia R (1982). 19225:. Infobase Publishing. 19056:Creigh, Alfred (1871). 18765:U.S. National Archives 18603:Yaniz, Jose I. (2009). 18515:. Seaforth Publishing. 18465:. Hambledon Continuum. 18452:White, Matthew (2010). 18434:The American Way of War 18344:Ward, Harry M. (1999). 18326:. New York: Macmillan. 18102:—— (1912). 18031:Tellier, L.-N. (2009). 17814:—— (1907). 17740:Simms, Brendan (2009). 17685:Selby, John E. (2007). 17559:(149). Wiley: 207–212. 17438:Rossman, Vadim (2016). 17314:. Yumpu. Archived from 17083:Raab, James W. (2007). 16808:—— (2013). 16238:Mays, Terry M. (2016). 16153:—— (1898). 16001:—— (1891). 15827:Kolchin, Peter (1994). 15806:—— (2014). 15785:—— (2014). 15764:—— (1997). 15681:Keiley, Jarvis (1912). 15531:Jasanoff, Maya (2012). 15282:—— (1987). 15237:—— (2008). 15181:Hazard, Samuel (1829). 15160:Harvey, Robert (2004). 14812:Washington's Secret War 14810:—— (2006). 14780:—— (1902). 14645:—— (2015). 14624:—— (2007). 14590:Faust, Albert Bernhardt 14560:Encyclopædia Britannica 14530:—— (2013). 14400:—— (1987). 14150:Dale, Anderson (2005). 13929:10.1111/1468-2281.12183 13893:Oxford University Press 13799:Carp, E. Wayne (1990). 13673:—— (2008). 13602:Buchanan, John (1997). 13513:—— (2011). 13361:. Pageant Book Company. 13309:Belcher, Henry (1911). 13137:—— (2014). 13095:Atwood, Rodney (2002). 12982:—— (2010). 12963:Alden, John R. (1976). 12942:—— (1969). 7590:, "American Revolution" 7312:Encyclopædia Britannica 7018:Seineke 1981, p. 36, fn 6544:global, 171,000 sailors 6122:Thirteen Colony economy 5832:Republican value system 5651:and later again in the 5449:William Temple Franklin 4934:Revolution as civil war 4866:troops surrender after 4684:, commanded by Captain 4413:Strategy and commanders 4112:siege of Fort Vincennes 4007:Battle of Eutaw Springs 3924:Williamson's Plantation 3835:Cowpens, South Carolina 3400:Pennsylvania State Navy 3350:Battle of Bemis Heights 3346:reconnaissance in force 3342:Battle of Freeman Farms 2930:New London, Connecticut 2647:On April 14, 1775, Sir 2281:Continental Association 1628:Northern after Saratoga 1613:New York and New Jersey 1521:5,300 dead from disease 1455:371 killed – W. Florida 113:Clockwise from top left 18:American Revolution War 29572:Environmental movement 29415:Health insurance costs 29310:Educational attainment 28835:Federal Reserve System 28793:Science and technology 28296:Insurance commissioner 27834:Intelligence Community 27529:minor outlying islands 27292:Civil rights movement 26505:Admission to the Union 25871:Afghanistan withdrawal 25866:January 6 insurrection 25785:Rise in mass shootings 25757:Virginia Tech shooting 25310:Paris Peace Conference 25084:Second Great Awakening 24823:American Enlightenment 24473:Third Anglo-Afghan War 24358:First Mohmand campaign 24082:First Anglo-Afghan War 23781:Third Anglo-Mysore War 23408:Conscientious objector 23310:First Libyan Civil War 23180:Second Fiji expedition 23160:Ivory Coast expedition 23094:1992 Los Angeles riots 23054:Colorado Coalfield War 22946:Listed chronologically 22516:Sons of the Revolution 22245:Treaty of Paris (1783) 21575:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 21570:Cherokee–American wars 21183:Franco-American Treaty 21038:Philadelphia Tea Party 21008:Treaty of Paris (1763) 20987:Confederation Congress 20580:American Enlightenment 20462: 20442:Listen to this article 20429:Political bibliography 20175:Weir, William (2004). 19960:Schiff, Stacy (2006). 19495:Knight, Peter (2003). 19361:. Hackett Publishing. 19299:Gilbert, Alan (2012). 19132:. London: John Murray. 19070:Cook, Fred J. (1959). 19024:Commager, Henry Steele 18926:Cate, Alan C. (2006). 18873:British Army (1916) . 18509:Winfield, Rif (2007). 18086:Trevelyan, George Otto 17952:Syrett, David (1998). 17931:Stone, Bailey (1994). 17582:The Historical Journal 17417:Rose, Michael (2013). 16877:. Simon and Schuster. 16850:Pancake, John (1985). 16773:Early American Studies 16756:. Marshall Cavendish. 16693:O'Brien, Greg (2008). 15971:Lass, William (1980). 15587:Jones, Howard (2002). 15516:. Literary Licensing. 15471:Inman, George (1903). 15084:Grenier, John (2005). 14957:Golway, Terry (2005). 14909:Gaff, Alan D. (2004). 14864:French, Allen (1932). 14846:. Simon and Schuster. 14720:Fischer, David Hackett 14687:Field, Edward (1898). 14603:Ferling, John (2003). 14153:The Battle of Yorktown 14116:Crocker, H.W. (2006). 14087:. Francis and Taylor. 13826:. U of Toronto Press. 13640:. London: Jay Dodsley. 13469:Black, Jeremy (1992). 13437:Bicheno, Hugh (2014). 13387:Berkin, Carol (2005). 13350:(PhD). Rice Institute. 13204:Early American Studies 13116:Axelrod, Alan (2009). 12866:. Amos Media Company. 12647:65.3 (1978): 623–653. 12442:, "Frenchmen who died" 12152:Ward and Prothero 1925 12140:Namier and Brooke 1985 12092:Greene & Pole 2008 11072:Greene & Pole 2008 11036:Greene & Pole 2008 10625:Greene & Pole 2008 10222:Don Jaun Carlos I 1979 10015:Gordon and Keegan 2007 10003:Gordon and Keegan 2007 8415:Greene & Pole 2008 8129:Greene & Pole 2008 7852:Greene & Pole 2008 7789:Greene & Pole 2008 7441:Greene & Pole 2008 7310:"F. J. P. de Grasse", 7208:Greene & Pole 2008 6941:, a disease caused by 6901:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 6351:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 5794:American Enlightenment 5743: 5681: 5571: 5554:, then continued down 5514:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 5452: 5410:Treaty of Paris (1783) 5370:head of the Royal Navy 5242:Cherokee–American wars 5240:, who perpetuated the 5213: 5125: 5051: 5023:American Establishment 5007:tarring and feathering 4976: 4910:made little progress. 4880:hired foreign soldiers 4875: 4813: 4650: 4536: 4485:distribution systems. 4423: 4311: 4295: 4043: 4034:surrenders to Colonel 3884:Battle of Kettle Creek 3838: 3814: 3765:Wilhelm von Knyphausen 3722:, attempted to retake 3689:Battle of Rhode Island 3667: 3641:Stalemate in the North 3565: 3562:Battle of Rhode Island 3474: 3315:on July 5. As General 3274: 3230:Morristown, New Jersey 3187: 3161: 3080:Battle of White Plains 3076:Battle of Pell's Point 2981: 2844:Dunmore's Proclamation 2661:Concord, Massachusetts 2644: 2620: 2611:The British repulse a 2491:read to his troops in 2368: 2000: 1967:American Enlightenment 1917:Treaties of Versailles 1836:clandestinely crossing 1756:of the United States. 1582:Campaigns and theaters 1458:4,000 dead – prisoners 1425:25,000–70,000 war dead 796:Commanders and leaders 29398:Immigrant health care 28913:Transportation safety 28908:Transportation policy 28898:Public transportation 27968:President pro tempore 27824:Executive departments 27593:National Park Service 27248:Territorial evolution 26497:Territorial evolution 25861:George Floyd Protests 25844:Unite the Right rally 25713:Oklahoma City bombing 25708:Republican Revolution 25655:Space Shuttle program 25477:Civil Rights Movement 25445:North Atlantic Treaty 25253:Sherman Antitrust Act 25238:Chinese Exclusion Act 24828:French and Indian War 24818:Prelude to Revolution 24803:First Great Awakening 24763:European colonization 24130:Second Anglo-Sikh War 23787:Cotiote (Wayanad) War 23673:French and Indian War 23378:Territorial evolution 23358:Conflicts in the U.S. 23280:Intervention in Haiti 23170:First Fiji expedition 22461:Washington's Birthday 22266:The Federalist Papers 22250:Evacuation Day (1783) 21303:Lexington and Concord 21003:French and Indian War 20943:Olive Branch Petition 20461: 20409:Bibliographies online 20338:. Bruce H. Franklin. 19954:online at Hathi Trust 19946:Sawyer, C.W. (1910). 19595:Levy, Andrew (2007). 18748:U.S. Merchant Marine 18691:Maryland State House 18580:Wood, W. J. (2003) . 17788:. Osprey Publishing. 17782:Smith, David (2012). 17723:Naval Institute Press 17707:Simmons, Edwin Howard 17120:on September 23, 2020 16900:online at Hathi Trust 16785:10.1353/eam.2007.0037 16487:Morrill, Dan (1993). 15873:The Jamestown Project 15690:Catholic Encyclopedia 14894:. The History Press. 14725:Washington's Crossing 14698:Finger, John (2001). 14344:online at Hathi Trust 14264:Davis, Burke (1975). 13986:Chernow, Ron (2010). 13702:online at Hathi Trust 13498:. Sutton Publishing. 13408:Bibko, Julia (2016). 13216:10.1353/eam.2015.0003 13143:. SAGE Publications. 12844:Anton-Hermann Chroust 11699:Historical Essay 2009 10906:, "Last Naval Battle" 10870: , pp. 11–12, 16 9824:National Park Service 8475:Watson and Clark 1960 8465: vol. 1, p. 242 7977:, vol. 3, pp. 162–165 7716:Watson and Clark 1960 7704:Watson and Clark 1960 6624:infamous prison ships 6464:commanded by Admiral 6268:2nd Canadian Regiment 6256:1st Canadian Regiment 5941:stamp, issued in 1928 5820:contend that Locke's 5725: 5673:Mass graves from the 5672: 5663:Further information: 5659:Casualties and losses 5537: 5475:president of Congress 5417: 5408:Further information: 5200: 5116: 5042: 4962: 4862: 4803: 4752:Further information: 4715:Further information: 4646:commanded by Captain 4639: 4630:Further information: 4530:Charles Willson Peale 4523: 4420: 4301: 4281: 4246:Gnadenhutten massacre 4026: 3820: 3808: 3773:Battle of Springfield 3664:Battle of Springfield 3658: 3551: 3456: 3413:Battle of White Marsh 3265: 3254:Philadelphia campaign 3248:Further information: 3167: 3147: 3130:Further information: 3096:Newport, Rhode Island 3045:Battle of Long Island 3030:military intelligence 2996:near the entrance to 2959: 2952:Battle of Long Island 2946:Further information: 2727:French and Indian War 2716:Battle of Bunker Hill 2712:Charlestown Peninsula 2626: 2610: 2597:Further information: 2394:Battle at Bunker Hill 2383:, Colonial Secretary 2377:Olive Branch Petition 2339: 2332:Olive Branch Petition 2248:Further information: 2091:Further information: 2080:colonial legislatures 2037:Appalachian Mountains 1993:French and Indian War 1982: 1965:Further information: 1955:Prelude to revolution 1399:Casualties and losses 174:Eastern North America 139:Battle of Long Island 135:Battle of Bunker Hill 29812:Wars of independence 29567:Environmental issues 29232:Political ideologies 29131:Indigenous languages 28331:List of legislatures 28128:separation of powers 27829:Independent agencies 27755:World Heritage Sites 27390:September 11 attacks 27313:Spanish–American War 27253:Mexican–American War 27209:Confederation period 27140:Continental Congress 26411:Palestinian American 25838:Obergefell v. Hodges 25730:September 11 attacks 25566:Second-wave feminism 25487:Cuban Missile Crisis 25347:Bath School disaster 25265:Spanish–American War 25228:The Gospel of Wealth 25107:California Gold Rush 25067:Mexican–American War 25057:Nullification crisis 25025:Era of Good Feelings 24925:Confederation period 24833:Proclamation of 1763 24783:Atlantic slave trade 24292:Hunza–Nagar Campaign 24100:First Anglo-Sikh War 24076:Egyptian–Ottoman War 23240:Bay of Pigs Invasion 23195:Spanish–American War 23165:Mexican–American War 23089:Kent State shootings 23079:Puerto Rican revolts 23009:American Indian Wars 22792:Artillery Regiments 22466:Jefferson's Birthday 22456:Pulaski Memorial Day 21463:Guilford Court House 21114:Continental Congress 20891:Committees of safety 20866:Daughters of Liberty 20861:Virginia Association 20610:Rights of Englishmen 20493:More spoken articles 20181:. Prometheus Books. 20160:"Springfield Armory" 20075:Trew, Peter (2006). 19735:Miller, Ken (2014). 19619:Library of Congress 19540:. Kent, Ohio: 1996. 18830:(Smithsonian, 2018) 18675:Aron, Paul (2020) . 18661:on November 17, 2007 18350:. Psychology Press. 18194:The Mariner's Mirror 18142:Bicentennial Edition 17844:. Toronto: Hakkert. 17496:. Savas Beatie LLC. 17423:. Orion Publishers. 17383:on February 13, 2012 17331:Risch, Erna (1981). 17310:Rinaldi, Richard A. 16853:This Destructive War 16835:. Penguin Classics. 16356:The Mariner's Mirror 16140:Mahan, Alfred Thayer 16063:. Harper Perennial. 16004:A History of England 15424:10.1162/tneq_a_00452 15348:Marquis de Lafayette 13540:. D. McKay Company. 13030:. New York: Norton. 11774:10.1162/TNEQ_a_00452 11527: vol. 3, p. 139 11503:, pp. 20–21, 282–283 9882: , pp. 232, 302 9211:Stedman 1794, Vol. 1 8898: , pp. 191, 269 8790: , pp. 111, 130 8393: vol. 1, p. 293 7288:Beerman 1979, p. 181 6914:British Armed Forces 6842:Fort Michilimackinac 6288:Augustin de La Balme 6243:Confederation period 5802:classical liberalism 5786:rights as Englishmen 5613:Indian barrier state 5332:Northwest Indian War 5238:Chickamauga Cherokee 5224:Early in July 1776, 5130:Southern plantations 4565:the American cause. 4532:, now housed in the 4294:on September 5, 1781 4254:Battle of Blue Licks 4218:Augustin de La Balme 4191:Licking River Valley 4058:, then ship them to 3720:Penobscot Expedition 3538:Charles III of Spain 3435:Foreign intervention 3365:Battle of Brandywine 3322:Battle of Bennington 2984:After regrouping at 2862:on January 1, 1776. 2826:New England colonies 2751:Halifax, Nova Scotia 2655:since 1763 and also 2587:Vincennes University 2273:Petition to the King 2260:elected lower houses 1868:commercial agreement 265:Great Britain cedes 250:Great Britain cedes 216:First British Empire 178:North Atlantic Ocean 29410:Health care finance 28903:Rail transportation 28669:Imperial presidency 28391:State constitutions 28336:List of legislators 28286:Auditor/Comptroller 28259:Lieutenant governor 27985:Library of Congress 27876:Diplomatic Security 27519:Indian reservations 27182:American Revolution 26860:U.S. Virgin Islands 26346:Lithuanian American 26302:Vietnamese American 25648:End of the Cold War 25638:Invasion of Grenada 25588:Iran hostage crisis 25337:Tulsa race massacre 25144:Election of Lincoln 25139:Dred Scott decision 25127:Kansas–Nebraska Act 25030:Missouri Compromise 24948:Northwest Ordinance 24938:Pennsylvania Mutiny 24933:and Perpetual Union 24893:American Revolution 24808:War of Jenkins' Ear 24545:Waziristan campaign 24479:Waziristan campaign 24172:Revolt of Rajab Ali 23649:War of Jenkins' Ear 23255:Invasion of Grenada 23250:Dominican Civil War 22843:Newburgh Conspiracy 21594:colony or location) 21549:Newburgh Conspiracy 21408:Sullivan Expedition 20928:Provincial Congress 20719:Fox–North coalition 20658:Settler colonialism 20605:Freedom of religion 20562:American Revolution 20401:The Partisan in War 20376:Library of Congress 19933:on October 31, 2009 19720:. London: Pearson. 19626:Library of Congress 19198:George Rogers Clark 19163:The Perils of Peace 18791:. August 12, 2019 . 18731:Totallyhistory.com 18267:American Revolution 18241:Wallace, Willard M. 18160:on March 11, 2008. 17719:Annapolis, Maryland 17623:. Clarendon Press. 17514:Rebels and Redcoats 17160:. UNC Press Books. 16676:. Stackpole Books. 16632:Nash, Gary (2005). 16327:Middlekauff, Robert 16311:. Stackpole Books. 15666:. Stackpole Books. 15240:Redcoats and Rebels 14942:. Hill & Wang. 13916:Historical Research 13805:. UNC Press Books. 13420:(1). Archived from 13366:Benn, Carl (1993). 13341:Bellot, LJ (1960). 12538:McDonald, Forrest. 12253:, "Treaty of Paris" 12241: , pp. 218–221 12229: , pp. 144–151 12166: , pp. 435–436 11014: , pp. 188–198 11002:, pp. 203, 303, 391 10894: , pp. 331–346 10882: , pp. 331–346 10741: , pp. 258–261 10409: , pp. 247–248 10089: , pp. 234–238 9870: , pp. 174–175 9724: , pp. 174–176 9698:Chernow 2010 (2011) 9679: , pp. 175–188 9331:Chernow 2010 (2011) 9066: Vol. 4, p. 57 8910: , pp. 650–670 8522:Russell 2000, p. 73 7007:Everest 1977, p. 38 6735:Continental Marines 6084:Watauga Association 5916:Battles of Saratoga 5877:U.S. Postal Service 5747:resemblance to the 5729:Novus ordo seclorum 5675:Battles of Saratoga 5623:additional British 5530:American Revolution 5508:, off the coast of 5362:Lord George Germain 5349:Fox-North coalition 5328:Western Confederacy 5230:Washington District 5205:of the British-led 5077:On April 26, 1777, 4915:Frederick the Great 4908:Catherine the Great 4661:Continental Marines 4616:Continental Marines 4524:A 1776 portrait of 4477:American Revolution 4250:Crawford expedition 4036:George Rogers Clark 3811:siege of Charleston 3735:Sullivan Expedition 3493:to secretly fund a 3271:Battles of Saratoga 3223:Battle of Princeton 3157:portrait depicting 3140:Battle of Princeton 3068:landed at Kip's Bay 2928:, they returned to 2758:American privateers 2679:, commander of the 2583:George Rogers Clark 2553:Northwest Territory 2545:George Rogers Clark 2326:Political reactions 2312:British West Indies 2009:1763 Peace of Paris 1961:American Revolution 1890:Howe's replacement 1876:Sullivan Expedition 1684:American Revolution 1074:Lord George Germain 958:George Rogers Clark 51:American Revolution 32:American Revolution 29520:affirmative action 29493:Capital punishment 29452:Poverty and health 29447:Physician shortage 29420:Health care prices 29350:Standard of living 29033:standard of living 28840:Financial position 28467:Hawaiian home land 28455:Indian reservation 28428:Tribal sovereignty 28271:Secretary of state 28140:United States Code 28056:Territorial courts 28028:Associate Justices 27913:Inspector generals 27400:War in Afghanistan 27263:Reconstruction era 27130:Stamp Act Congress 26510:Historical regions 26466:Transgender people 26024:Capital punishment 25883:Support of Ukraine 25832:Black Lives Matter 25740:War in Afghanistan 25665:Invasion of Panama 25621:Iran–Contra affair 25482:Early–mid Cold War 25352:Harlem Renaissance 25211:Compromise of 1877 25186:Reconstruction era 25122:Fugitive Slave Act 25117:Compromise of 1850 25062:Westward expansion 25000:Louisiana Purchase 24843:Stamp Act Congress 24788:King William's War 24419:Bambatha Rebellion 24334:Anglo-Zanzibar War 24322:Chitral Expedition 24256:Anglo-Egyptian War 24028:Anglo-Ashanti wars 23733:Lord Dunmore's War 23691:Anglo-Cherokee War 23600:King William's War 23295:War in Afghanistan 23265:Invasion of Panama 23260:Lebanese Civil War 23185:Formosa Expedition 23145:Second Barbary War 23099:2020 racial unrest 23034:Johnson County War 23029:Lincoln County War 23004:American Civil War 22999:Harpers Ferry raid 22974:Turner's Rebellion 22496:Semiquincentennial 22421:Libertas Americana 20851:Stamp Act Congress 20741:Acts of Parliament 20714:Shelburne ministry 20684:Grenville ministry 20463: 20398:Emmerich, Adreas. 20067:Symonds, Craig L. 20060:(Routledge, 2009) 19924:Royal Navy Museum 19548:. Militia warfare. 19519:Dictionary of Wars 19073:What Manner of Men 18708:The History Place 17318:on August 17, 2021 15741:Ketchum, Richard M 13989:Washington: A Life 13077:Where We Come from 12967:. Harper Collins. 12661:American Quarterly 12610:, pp. 3–8, 186–187 11674:, "Camp Followers" 11453:O'Saughnessy, 2004 11419:, pp. 121, 141–142 9463:Spain Society; SAR 9357:, pp. 322, 417–418 8958:, pp. 206–208, 254 8285:, pp. 183, 198–209 7915:O'Shaughnessy 2013 7693:– via JSTOR. 7564:Forgotten Patriots 7465:Peckham (ed.) 1974 7401: , pp. 6, 176 7096:Flags of the World 6879:American Civil War 6491:Bernardo de Gálvez 6292:marched on Detroit 6245:from 1781 to 1783. 6144:Legacy and related 5873:U.S. postage stamp 5856:new social history 5755:ultimately end in 5744: 5682: 5572: 5548:Bull's Head Tavern 5540:British evacuation 5453: 5280:siege of Pensacola 5214: 5177:Ethiopian Regiment 5126: 5052: 4977: 4876: 4870:'s victory at the 4814: 4651: 4550:Alexander Hamilton 4542:United States Army 4537: 4457:besieged Gibraltar 4424: 4312: 4296: 4048:Bernardo de Gálvez 4044: 4028:Province of Quebec 3989:, they recaptured 3954:in December 1780. 3900:recapture Savannah 3873:in December 1778. 3869:, to advance into 3854:controlled by the 3846:to the north, and 3839: 3815: 3750:Continental dollar 3673:Battle of Monmouth 3668: 3570:Treaty of Aranjuez 3566: 3530:Treaty of Alliance 3514:French West Indies 3501:in the Caribbean. 3475: 3408:Battle of Red Bank 3330:Battle of Oriskany 3275: 3188: 3162: 3126:Patriot resurgence 3100:Charles Cornwallis 3022:Benjamin Tallmadge 3010:Knowlton's Rangers 2982: 2970:Lower New York Bay 2860:Burning of Norfolk 2645: 2621: 2369: 2289:economic sanctions 2203:East India Company 2170:by the Tory-based 2123:Grenville ministry 2001: 1885:Treaty of Aranjuez 1872:Treaty of Alliance 1805:state of rebellion 1302:: 1 fleet; escorts 1134:Charles Cornwallis 1001:Bernardo de Gálvez 29787:Conflicts in 1783 29782:Conflicts in 1782 29777:Conflicts in 1781 29772:Conflicts in 1780 29767:Conflicts in 1779 29762:Conflicts in 1778 29757:Conflicts in 1777 29752:Conflicts in 1776 29747:Conflicts in 1775 29695: 29694: 29655: 29654: 29651: 29650: 29621:National security 29330:Income inequality 29210:Statue of Liberty 29013:income inequality 28926: 28925: 28918:Trucking industry 28730: 28729: 28726: 28725: 28657:Foreign relations 28645:Electoral College 28626: 28625: 28414: 28413: 28366:District attorney 28213: 28212: 28040:Courts of appeals 27763: 27762: 27476: 27475: 27417:COVID-19 pandemic 27370:Feminist Movement 27216:American frontier 27135:Thirteen Colonies 26996: 26995: 26954: 26953: 26950: 26949: 26515:American frontier 26476: 26475: 26406:Lebanese American 26391:Egyptian American 26326:Estonian American 26316:Albanian American 26310:European American 26287:Japanese American 26277:Filipino American 26238: 26237: 25900: 25899: 25896: 25895: 25849:COVID-19 pandemic 25752:Hurricane Katrina 25693:Los Angeles riots 25583:Watergate scandal 25428:Start of Cold War 25396:Manhattan Project 24983:Whiskey Rebellion 24813:King George's War 24778:Thirteen Colonies 24739:Pre-Columbian Era 24650: 24649: 24581:Malayan Emergency 24491:Malabar rebellion 24352:Siege of Malakand 24298:Anglo-Manipur War 24154:Anglo-Persian War 23703:Anglo-Spanish War 23655:King George's War 23576:King Philip's War 23552:Anglo-Spanish War 23431: 23430: 23393:Casualties of war 23225:Russian Civil War 23190:Korean Expedition 23135:First Barbary War 23014:Brooks–Baxter War 22969:Fries's Rebellion 22964:Whiskey Rebellion 22906: 22905: 22826: 22825: 22735:Ottendorf's Corps 22544: 22543: 22540: 22539: 22536: 22535: 22295: 22294: 22282:Shays's Rebellion 22220: 22219: 22216: 22215: 22212: 22211: 22145: 22144: 22112:Richard Henry Lee 21877: 21876: 21719: 21718: 21715: 21714: 21711: 21710: 21563:Related conflicts 21433:Connecticut Farms 21213: 21212: 21106:Thirteen Colonies 21055: 21054: 21051: 21050: 20459: 20386:digital library. 19480:. Penguin Books. 19246:. Holiday House. 19040:Conway, Stephen. 19028:Richard B. Morris 18977:. Phaidon Press. 18965:Chartrand, Rene. 18865:Bobrick, Benson. 18715:The History Place 18586:. Da Capo Press. 17536:. Penguin Books. 17370:Robinson Library 17139:. Da Capo Press. 17010:. Penguin Books. 16898:. F. Cass Press. 16389: 16271:McCullough, David 16202:. Vintage Books. 15956:. Citadel Press. 15553:Jefferson, Thomas 15537:. Vintage Books. 15259:Higginbotham, Don 15243:. Pen and Sword. 15034:. Boydell Press. 14814:. HarperCollins. 14459:J. G. Rosengarten 13992:. Penguin Press. 13971:. Bloomsbury US. 13654:American Heritage 13646:Burrows, Edwin G. 13597:. Kennikat Press. 13443:. HarperCollins. 13424:on April 12, 2021 12834:(2005) pp. 93–113 12715:Robin Winks, ed. 12596:Middlekauff, 2007 12574: , pp. 96–97 12562:, pp. 35, 134–149 11884:"Black Loyalists" 11551: , pp. 13–14 11012:Higginbotham 1983 10966: , pp. 82–83 10892:Higginbotham 1983 10880:Higginbotham 1987 10676:Higginbotham 1987 9677:Higginbotham 1983 9565: , pp. 28–32 9454:Renouf, Stephen. 8273: , pp. 75–77 8271:Higginbotham 1983 6996:Smith 1907, p. 86 6830:George Washington 6710:Second Mysore War 6534:ships-of-the-line 6478:siege of Yorktown 6427:In 1780, General 5955:siege of Yorktown 5749:U.S. Constitution 5686:smallpox epidemic 5544:St. Paul's Chapel 5542:, November 1783. 5441:Benjamin Franklin 5431:of (left–right): 5312:Joseph Louis Cook 5103:African Americans 5064:Saratoga campaign 5056:Martha Washington 4888:Holy Roman Empire 4872:Battle of Trenton 4855:Hessian (soldier) 4583:Baron von Steuben 4562:Fabian strategies 4471:American strategy 4316:Marriot Arbuthnot 4274:Yorktown campaign 4187:Cahokia, Illinois 3926:, Cedar Springs, 3912:Battle of Waxhaws 3908:Banastre Tarleton 3879:captured Savannah 3863:Augustine Prévost 3852:Atlantic seaboard 3837:, in January 1781 3831:Battle of Cowpens 3754:Pennsylvania Line 3697:Little Egg Harbor 3267:Saratoga campaign 3250:Saratoga campaign 3238:minor skirmishing 3207:Battle of Trenton 3185:George Washington 3181:Battle of Trenton 3153:, an iconic 1851 3136:Battle of Trenton 3119:Order of the Bath 3012:, which included 2980:in November 1776. 2960:The British used 2812:until victory at 2708:Sir Henry Clinton 2691:, which was then 2593:Early engagements 2575:Italian Americans 2557:southern strategy 2489:George Washington 2462:Robert Livingston 2454:Benjamin Franklin 2442:Committee of Five 2406:additional troops 2366:Benjamin Franklin 2358:Robert Livingston 2342:Committee of Five 2211:Thirteen Colonies 2121:The 1763 to 1765 2056:Mississippi River 2011:, which expelled 2007:, ended with the 1975:Thirteen Colonies 1896:Southern Colonies 1773:Thirteen Colonies 1699:George Washington 1697:and commanded by 1676:Revolutionary War 1665: 1664: 1579:Revolutionary War 1543: 1542: 1465:Native Americans: 1443: 1383:Native Americans: 1306:Native Americans: 1282: 1279: 1252:106 ships (total) 1170:Banastre Tarleton 880:George Washington 863:Benjamin Franklin 314:Thirteen Colonies 287: 286: 232:Mississippi River 127:Battle of Trenton 123:siege of Yorktown 16:(Redirected from 29819: 29797:Global conflicts 29724: 29723: 29722: 29712: 29711: 29710: 29703: 29675: 29668: 29555:African American 29437:Health insurance 29325:Household income 29195:National symbols 29126:American English 29099:Federal holidays 29008:household income 28941: 28940: 28937: 28936: 28741: 28740: 28679:Anti-Americanism 28603:Special district 28530:Independent city 28499:County executive 28482: 28481: 28276:Attorney general 28235: 28234: 28224:Federal District 27807:Executive Office 27787: 27786: 27778: 27777: 27774: 27773: 27534:populated places 27514:federal enclaves 27509:federal district 27487: 27486: 27350:American Century 27333:Great Depression 27328:Roaring Twenties 27288:Women's suffrage 27167:Halifax Resolves 27160:Founding Fathers 27155:military history 27120:Pre-colonial era 27044: 27043: 27023: 27016: 27009: 27000: 26999: 26986: 26976: 26975: 26940: 26939: 26869:Outlying islands 26826:Washington, D.C. 26821:Federal District 26520:Manifest destiny 26493: 26492: 26482: 26481: 26424:Native Americans 26396:Iranian American 26370:Mexican American 26356:Serbian American 26341:Italian American 26331:Finnish American 26321:English American 26272:Chinese American 26259:African American 26244: 26243: 26049:Direct democracy 26039:The Constitution 25998:Higher education 25921:American Century 25906: 25905: 25359:Great Depression 25332:Women's suffrage 25322:Roaring Twenties 25248:Haymarket affair 25206:Enforcement Acts 24995:Jeffersonian era 24943:Shays' Rebellion 24863:Intolerable Acts 24858:Boston Tea Party 24793:Queen Anne's War 24721: 24720: 24710: 24709: 24677: 24670: 24663: 24654: 24653: 24599:Cyprus Emergency 24425:Maritz rebellion 24413:Tibet expedition 24346:Benin Expedition 24166:Indian Rebellion 24160:Second Opium War 24142:Eureka Rebellion 24118:British Honduras 24094:New Zealand Wars 23679:Seven Years' War 23625:Queen Anne's War 23458: 23451: 23444: 23435: 23434: 23383:Military history 23342:Yemeni civil war 23275:Somali Civil War 23175:Second Opium War 23044:Homestead strike 22959:Shays' Rebellion 22933: 22926: 22919: 22910: 22909: 22605: 22604: 22579:Continental Army 22571: 22564: 22557: 22548: 22547: 22486:Sesquicentennial 22446:Independence Day 22350:Founding Fathers 22316: 22315: 22301: 22300: 22226: 22225: 22154: 22153: 21886: 21885: 21743: 21742: 21736: 21735: 21725: 21724: 21600: 21599: 21595: 21423:Cape St. Vincent 21098: 21097: 21091: 21090: 21061: 21060: 21033:Boston Tea Party 20958:Halifax Resolves 20908:Suffolk Resolves 20699:Grafton ministry 20694:Chatham ministry 20590:Colonial history 20570: 20569: 20556: 20555: 20541: 20534: 20527: 20518: 20517: 20483: 20481: 20470: 20469: 20460: 20450: 20448: 20443: 20422:compiled by the 20395: 20380:Internet Archive 20346: 20326: 20302: 20273: 20247: 20218: 20192: 20171: 20169: 20167: 20144: 20123: 20109: 20107: 20105: 20096:Trickey, Erick. 20092: 20053: 20032: 20011: 20000: 19977: 19956: 19942: 19940: 19938: 19921: 19902: 19881: 19867: 19856: 19837: 19835: 19833: 19821: 19793: 19788: 19786: 19773: 19752: 19731: 19710: 19675: 19673: 19671: 19647: 19636: 19634: 19632: 19616: 19591: 19570: 19568:Great Seal Books 19536:Kwasny, Mark V. 19533: 19512: 19491: 19470: 19441: 19412: 19391: 19372: 19353: 19316: 19295: 19276: 19257: 19236: 19215: 19176: 19157: 19138:Ferling, John E. 19133: 19122: 19101: 19086:New York History 19080: 19066: 19064:ann hupp indian. 19020: 19009: 18988: 18962: 18943: 18922: 18897: 18883: 18845: 18838:Bancroft, George 18801: 18792: 18779: 18777: 18775: 18762: 18760: 18758: 18745: 18743: 18741: 18728: 18723: 18721: 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Archived from 18375: 18361: 18340: 18316: 18302: 18296: 18292: 18290: 18282: 18277: 18275: 18260: 18236: 18213: 18182: 18169: 18164: 18156:. Archived from 18144: 18130: 18109: 18098: 18081: 18079: 18077: 18065: 18063: 18061: 18048: 18027: 18003: 17982: 17971: 17959: 17948: 17927: 17906: 17885: 17874: 17863: 17843: 17832: 17821: 17810: 17799: 17778: 17757: 17736: 17717:(4th ed.). 17716: 17702: 17681: 17662: 17651: 17649: 17647: 17634: 17613: 17576: 17547: 17526: 17507: 17484: 17455: 17434: 17413: 17402:. Bantam Books. 17392: 17390: 17388: 17377:Robinson Library 17367: 17338: 17327: 17325: 17323: 17306: 17295: 17274: 17268: 17260: 17249: 17228: 17215: 17194: 17182: 17171: 17150: 17129: 17127: 17125: 17100: 17077: 17048: 17046: 17031: 17021: 17000: 16979: 16958: 16956: 16949: 16937: 16923: 16902: 16888: 16867: 16846: 16825: 16804: 16767: 16753:The New Republic 16746: 16717: 16715: 16713: 16687: 16668: 16647: 16636:. Viking Books. 16628: 16626:Oxford Handbooks 16604: 16600:978-04363-0420-0 16581: 16570: 16549: 16525: 16504: 16483: 16472:. Cambridge UP. 16462: 16438: 16427: 16414: 16393: 16388:(Documents 1–40) 16387: 16379: 16346: 16322: 16301: 16290: 16266: 16255: 16234: 16213: 16189: 16168: 16149: 16134: 16111: 16090: 16079: 16074: 16053: 16029: 16018:. Savas Beatie. 16008: 15997: 15986: 15967: 15946: 15925: 15906: 15887: 15866: 15844: 15823: 15802: 15781: 15760: 15736: 15715: 15694: 15686: 15677: 15656: 15627: 15604: 15583: 15572: 15548: 15527: 15506: 15483: 15467: 15444: 15426: 15401: 15382: 15380: 15378: 15362: 15341: 15320: 15299: 15278: 15254: 15233: 15212: 15188: 15177: 15156: 15135: 15120: 15118: 15116: 15101: 15080: 15056: 15045: 15024: 15003: 15001: 14999: 14993: 14982: 14972: 14953: 14932: 14926: 14905: 14882: 14871: 14860: 14836: 14825: 14806: 14787: 14776: 14760: 14739: 14715: 14694: 14683: 14662: 14641: 14627:Almost a Miracle 14620: 14599: 14583: 14564: 14556: 14547: 14536:. Random House. 14526: 14507:Ellis, Joseph J. 14502: 14481: 14470: 14445: 14443: 14441: 14428: 14417: 14396: 14367: 14346: 14332: 14321: 14316: 14314: 14298: 14296: 14294: 14281: 14270:. Random House. 14260: 14239: 14207: 14196: 14167: 14144: 14133: 14112: 14098: 14077: 14056: 14035: 14024: 14003: 13982: 13961: 13940: 13938: 13936: 13931: 13906: 13881: 13860: 13855: 13853: 13837: 13816: 13795: 13774: 13753: 13729: 13727: 13725: 13704: 13690: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13641: 13630: 13619: 13598: 13587: 13578: 13551: 13530: 13509: 13488: 13465: 13454: 13433: 13431: 13429: 13404: 13383: 13362: 13351: 13349: 13337: 13316: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13277: 13256: 13235: 13198: 13177: 13154: 13133: 13112: 13091: 13070: 13041: 13020: 12999: 12978: 12959: 12938: 12927: 12916: 12914: 12912: 12881: 12880: 12857: 12851: 12841: 12835: 12828: 12822: 12821: 12807:American Pageant 12801: 12795: 12794: 12766: 12760: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12726: 12720: 12713: 12707: 12706: 12681:(3): 1015–1044. 12670: 12664: 12657: 12651: 12641: 12635: 12629: 12623: 12617: 12611: 12605: 12599: 12593: 12587: 12581: 12575: 12569: 12563: 12557: 12551: 12536: 12530: 12524: 12518: 12512: 12506: 12500: 12494: 12488: 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7181: 7175: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7140: 7134: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7092:www.crwflags.com 7084: 7078: 7072: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7039: 7038: 7026: 7020: 7015: 7009: 7004: 6998: 6993: 6970: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6904: 6897: 6891: 6888: 6882: 6875: 6869: 6868:Eskimo to Aztec. 6865: 6859: 6851: 6845: 6822: 6816: 6813: 6807: 6802: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6776: 6753: 6747: 6744: 6738: 6727:Continental Navy 6723:Continental Army 6719: 6713: 6701: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6673: 6667: 6647: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6620: 6614: 6611: 6605: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6506: 6495:Spanish Luisiana 6487: 6481: 6454: 6448: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6401: 6398: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6364: 6363:interchangeably. 6360: 6354: 6347: 6341: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6315: 6285: 6279: 6260:James Livingston 6252: 6246: 6239: 5969:, issued in 1931 5957:stamp featuring 5950: 5931: 5918:stamp featuring 5911: 5895: 5887:Selected issues: 5871:After the first 5849:Atlantic history 5840:British monarchy 5798:Founding Fathers 5701:prisoners of war 5429:American mission 5366:Earl of Sandwich 5353:Rockingham Whigs 5276:Battle of Mobile 5187:Native Americans 5118:Continental Army 4986:Tidewater region 4927:German Americans 4874:in December 1776 4843:Mariot Arbuthnot 4754:Seven Years' War 4748:British strategy 4612:Continental Navy 4606:Continental Navy 4600:Secretary of War 4506:Continental Army 4500:Continental Army 4382:Gloucester Point 4302:British general 4155:invaded Kentucky 4090:Illinois Country 4013:Western campaign 3971:raid on Richmond 3952:Nathanael Greene 3944:Patrick Ferguson 3939:Battle of Camden 3896:Benjamin Lincoln 3823:Continental Army 3795:War in the South 3716:raid Connecticut 3484:Finance Minister 3396:Continental Navy 3173:Continental Army 3049:Brooklyn Heights 2818:Fort Ticonderoga 2799:Battle of Quebec 2741:acquired in the 2723:Continental Army 2695:by the militia. 2619:in December 1775 2617:Battle of Quebec 2613:Continental Army 2522:Northern Theater 2446:Thomas Jefferson 2444:, consisting of 2402:Irish Parliament 2362:Thomas Jefferson 2308:Restraining Acts 2277:Suffolk Resolves 2231:Intolerable Acts 2227:Boston Tea Party 2093:Boston Tea Party 2005:Seven Years' War 1997:Kingdom of Spain 1911:was replaced by 1820:successful siege 1801:Continental Army 1789:Intolerable Acts 1769:Seven Years' War 1730:Hessian soldiers 1695:Continental Army 1583: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1546: 1545: 1528:Native Americans 1515:7,000 total dead 1494:7,774 total dead 1441: 1280: 1277: 1211:40,000 (average) 1168: 1167: 1166: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1072: 1071: 1055: 1054: 1043: 1042: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1022: 999: 998: 997: 987: 986: 985: 975: 974: 973: 968: 967: 966: 956: 955: 954: 947: 938: 937: 936: 926: 925: 924: 914: 913: 912: 904:Nathanael Greene 902: 901: 900: 890: 889: 888: 878: 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28144: 28101:civil liberties 28082: 28073:Other tribunals 28052:District courts 28004: 27963:current members 27946:current members 27927: 27861:Law enforcement 27759: 27472: 27421: 27412:Great Recession 27283:Progressive Era 27273:Native genocide 27204:Perpetual Union 27192:Treaty of Paris 27150:United Colonies 27108: 27033: 27027: 26997: 26992: 26946: 26920: 26864: 26828: 26816: 26555: 26529: 26487: 26472: 26378:Jewish American 26351:Polish American 26292:Korean American 26282:Indian American 26249: 26234: 26089:Merchant Marine 26059:Law enforcement 25911: 25892: 25766: 25762:Great Recession 25669: 25643:Reagan Doctrine 25597: 25576:Stonewall riots 25498: 25472:Project Mercury 25433:Truman Doctrine 25409: 25317:First Red Scare 25291: 25260:Progressive Era 25172: 25132:Bleeding Kansas 25088: 25035:Monroe Doctrine 25011: 24959: 24918:Treaty of Paris 24879: 24853:Boston Massacre 24848:Sons of Liberty 24744: 24715: 24704: 24686: 24681: 24651: 24646: 24587:Kenya Emergency 24393: 24387: 24382:Second Boer War 24376:Boxer Rebellion 24304:Pahang Uprising 24184:Ambela campaign 24106:Río de la Plata 24088:First Opium War 24070:Aden Expedition 23902:Río de la Plata 23864: 23858: 23829:Irish Rebellion 23721:First Carib War 23617: 23611: 23534:Confederate War 23528:Irish Rebellion 23478: 23472: 23462: 23432: 23427: 23346: 23205:Boxer Rebellion 23108: 22989:Bleeding Kansas 22947: 22940: 22937: 22907: 22902: 22881: 22862: 22822: 22746: 22705: 22679: 22594: 22585: 22575: 22545: 22532: 22471:Von Steuben Day 22369: 22338: 22310: 22291: 22231: 22208: 22150:Colonial allies 22141: 22040: 21873: 21834:King George III 21822: 21730: 21707: 21676: 21596: 21593: 21591: 21584: 21558: 21487: 21468:Lochry's Defeat 21353:Assunpink Creek 21343:Fort Washington 21288: 21222: 21220: 21209: 21200:Hortalez et Cie 21171:Colonial allies 21166: 21133: 21102:United Colonies 21085: 21047: 21013:Boston Massacre 20991: 20982:Perpetual Union 20938:United Colonies 20871:Sons of Liberty 20834: 20742: 20740: 20739:Related British 20733: 20662: 20564: 20560:Origins of the 20550: 20545: 20508:Wayback Machine 20497: 20496: 20485: 20479: 20477: 20474:This audio file 20471: 20464: 20455: 20452: 20446: 20445: 20441: 20438: 20411: 20390: 20368: 20366:Primary sources 20363: 20329: 20323: 20305: 20271:10.1.1.482.4975 20252:Whaples, Robert 20250: 20216:10.1.1.482.4975 20197:Whaples, Robert 20195: 20189: 20174: 20165: 20163: 20158: 20154:Volume I, 2005. 20141: 20126: 20103: 20101: 20095: 20089: 20074: 20050: 20035: 20029: 20014: 20003: 19997: 19980: 19974: 19959: 19945: 19936: 19934: 19925: 19905: 19899: 19884: 19870: 19859: 19840: 19831: 19829: 19824: 19810: 19784: 19782: 19777: 19770: 19755: 19749: 19734: 19728: 19713: 19678: 19669: 19667: 19658:McGrath, Nick. 19657: 19639: 19630: 19628: 19620: 19613: 19594: 19588: 19573: 19564: 19551: 19530: 19515: 19509: 19494: 19488: 19473: 19459:10.2307/2197961 19444: 19430:10.2307/2938043 19415: 19394: 19375: 19369: 19356: 19334:10.2307/2716777 19319: 19313: 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Necrometrics. 18445: 18424: 18402: 18400: 18399:on May 24, 2012 18393: 18358: 18334: 18294: 18293: 18284: 18283: 18273: 18271: 18257: 18233: 18127: 18075: 18073: 18059: 18057: 18045: 18037:. Quebec: PUQ. 18024: 18000: 17968: 17945: 17924: 17903: 17852: 17796: 17775: 17754: 17733: 17699: 17678: 17645: 17643: 17631: 17544: 17504: 17473: 17452: 17431: 17410: 17386: 17384: 17371: 17356:10.2307/3031609 17321: 17319: 17292: 17262: 17261: 17246: 17212: 17191: 17168: 17147: 17146:978-03068-03079 17123: 17121: 17097: 17066:10.2307/3491601 17044: 17029: 17018: 16997: 16976: 16954: 16947: 16920: 16885: 16864: 16843: 16822: 16764: 16735:10.2307/2080046 16711: 16709: 16707: 16684: 16665: 16644: 16622: 16601: 16567: 16543: 16522: 16501: 16480: 16456: 16411: 16403:. Stanford UP. 16343: 16319: 16287: 16252: 16210: 16186: 16131: 16108: 16071: 16050: 16026: 15983: 15964: 15943: 15884: 15863: 15841: 15820: 15799: 15778: 15757: 15733: 15712: 15704:. Smithsonian. 15674: 15624: 15601: 15569: 15545: 15524: 15503: 15464: 15398: 15376: 15374: 15359: 15338: 15317: 15296: 15275: 15251: 15230: 15222:. Basic Books. 15206: 15174: 15153: 15114: 15112: 15098: 15074: 15042: 15021: 14997: 14995: 14991: 14980: 14969: 14950: 14923: 14902: 14854: 14822: 14803: 14757: 14736: 14712: 14680: 14659: 14638: 14617: 14580: 14544: 14523: 14499: 14439: 14437: 14414: 14385: 14364: 14312: 14310: 14292: 14290: 14278: 14257: 14225: 14185: 14177:. Basic Books. 14164: 14130: 14095: 14074: 14053: 14021: 14000: 13979: 13958: 13934: 13932: 13903: 13878: 13851: 13849: 13834: 13813: 13792: 13771: 13747: 13723: 13721: 13687: 13663: 13661: 13616: 13581:Britannica.com 13567: 13548: 13527: 13506: 13485: 13451: 13427: 13425: 13401: 13380: 13347: 13334: 13299: 13297: 13253: 13195: 13174: 13151: 13130: 13109: 13088: 13059:10.2307/1920145 13038: 13017: 12996: 12975: 12956: 12910: 12908: 12895: 12889: 12884: 12874: 12858: 12854: 12842: 12838: 12829: 12825: 12818: 12802: 12798: 12783:10.2307/2650376 12767: 12763: 12754: 12750: 12731:History Compass 12727: 12723: 12714: 12710: 12687:10.2307/2568604 12671: 12667: 12658: 12654: 12642: 12638: 12630: 12626: 12618: 12614: 12606: 12602: 12594: 12590: 12582: 12578: 12570: 12566: 12558: 12554: 12537: 12533: 12525: 12521: 12513: 12509: 12501: 12497: 12489: 12485: 12477: 12473: 12465: 12461: 12453: 12446: 12438: 12431: 12423: 12419: 12411: 12407: 12399: 12395: 12387: 12383: 12375: 12368: 12360: 12356: 12351: 12344: 12336: 12332: 12324: 12317: 12309: 12305: 12297: 12293: 12285: 12281: 12273: 12269: 12261: 12257: 12251:Kaplan, L. 1983 12249: 12245: 12237: 12233: 12225: 12221: 12213: 12209: 12201: 12194: 12186: 12182: 12174: 12170: 12162: 12158: 12150: 12146: 12138: 12134: 12126: 12122: 12114: 12110: 12102: 12098: 12090: 12086: 12078: 12074: 12066: 12062: 12054: 12050: 12042: 12038: 12030: 12023: 12015: 12011: 12003: 11999: 11991: 11987: 11979: 11975: 11967: 11963: 11955: 11951: 11943: 11939: 11931: 11927: 11919: 11915: 11907: 11903: 11895: 11888: 11880: 11876: 11868: 11864: 11856: 11852: 11842: 11840: 11830: 11826: 11816: 11814: 11802: 11798: 11751: 11747: 11737: 11735: 11723: 11716: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11690: 11686:, "Women Spies" 11682: 11678: 11670: 11666: 11658: 11654: 11646: 11642: 11634: 11630: 11622: 11618: 11610: 11603: 11595: 11591: 11583: 11579: 11571: 11567: 11559: 11555: 11547: 11543: 11535: 11531: 11523: 11519: 11511: 11507: 11499: 11495: 11487: 11483: 11475: 11471: 11463: 11459: 11451: 11447: 11439: 11435: 11427: 11423: 11415: 11411: 11403: 11396: 11388: 11384: 11376: 11372: 11364: 11360: 11352: 11348: 11340: 11336: 11328: 11324: 11316: 11312: 11304: 11300: 11294:Davies, K. 1972 11292: 11288: 11282:Davies, K. 1972 11280: 11276: 11268: 11264: 11256: 11249: 11241: 11234: 11228:Davies, K. 1972 11226: 11222: 11214: 11210: 11202: 11198: 11190: 11186: 11178: 11174: 11166: 11162: 11154: 11150: 11142: 11138: 11130: 11126: 11118: 11114: 11106: 11102: 11094: 11090: 11082: 11078: 11070: 11066: 11058: 11054: 11046: 11042: 11034: 11030: 11022: 11018: 11010: 11006: 10998: 10994: 10986: 10982: 10974: 10970: 10962: 10958: 10952:Trevelyan 1912a 10950: 10946: 10938: 10934: 10929: 10922: 10914: 10910: 10902: 10898: 10890: 10886: 10878: 10874: 10866: 10862: 10854: 10850: 10842: 10838: 10830: 10826: 10818: 10814: 10806: 10802: 10797: 10793: 10785: 10781: 10773: 10769: 10761: 10757: 10749: 10745: 10737: 10733: 10725: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10701: 10694: 10690:, pp. 11–12, 16 10686: 10682: 10674: 10667: 10659: 10648: 10640: 10631: 10623: 10616: 10608: 10604: 10596: 10592: 10584: 10577: 10569: 10565: 10558: 10554: 10546: 10542: 10534: 10530: 10522: 10518: 10510: 10497: 10489: 10485: 10477: 10473: 10465: 10461: 10453: 10449: 10441: 10437: 10429: 10425: 10417: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10393: 10389: 10381: 10377: 10369: 10365: 10357: 10353: 10345: 10341: 10333: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10304: 10300: 10292: 10288: 10280: 10276: 10268: 10264: 10256: 10252: 10244: 10240: 10232: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10208: 10204: 10196: 10192: 10184: 10180: 10172: 10168: 10160: 10156: 10148: 10144: 10136: 10132: 10124: 10120: 10114:Greene, F. 1913 10112: 10108: 10100: 10093: 10085: 10081: 10073: 10069: 10061: 10057: 10049: 10045: 10037: 10033: 10025: 10021: 10013: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9965: 9961: 9953: 9946: 9938: 9934: 9926: 9922: 9914: 9910: 9902: 9898: 9890: 9886: 9878: 9874: 9866: 9862: 9854: 9850: 9842: 9838: 9828: 9826: 9818: 9817: 9813: 9803: 9801: 9791: 9787: 9779: 9775: 9767: 9763: 9755: 9751: 9743: 9739: 9732: 9728: 9720: 9716: 9708: 9704: 9696: 9692: 9687: 9683: 9675: 9668: 9660: 9656: 9648: 9644: 9636: 9632: 9624: 9620: 9612: 9608: 9600: 9596: 9588: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9561: 9557: 9549: 9545: 9541:, pp. 24–25, 30 9537: 9533: 9525: 9521: 9513: 9509: 9501: 9497: 9489: 9485: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9458: 9452: 9448: 9440: 9436: 9428: 9424: 9417: 9413: 9406: 9397: 9389: 9385: 9377: 9373: 9365: 9361: 9353: 9349: 9341: 9337: 9329: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9307:Cadwalader 1901 9305: 9301: 9295:Cadwalader 1901 9293: 9289: 9283:Cadwalader 1901 9281: 9277: 9269: 9265: 9257: 9253: 9245: 9241: 9233: 9229: 9221: 9217: 9209: 9205: 9197: 9193: 9185: 9181: 9173: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9149: 9145: 9137: 9133: 9125: 9121: 9113: 9109: 9101: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9074: 9070: 9062: 9058: 9050: 9046: 9040:Washington 1932 9038: 9034: 9028:Washington 1932 9026: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9004:McCullough 2005 9002: 8998: 8990: 8986: 8978: 8974: 8966: 8962: 8954: 8950: 8942: 8938: 8930: 8926: 8918: 8914: 8906: 8902: 8894: 8890: 8884:McCullough 2005 8882: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8858: 8854: 8846: 8842: 8834: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8812:McCullough 2005 8810: 8806: 8798: 8794: 8786: 8782: 8774: 8770: 8762: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8740:McCullough 2005 8738: 8734: 8726: 8722: 8714: 8710: 8703: 8699: 8691: 8682: 8674: 8670: 8662: 8658: 8650: 8646: 8638: 8634: 8626: 8622: 8614: 8610: 8602: 8598: 8590: 8586: 8578: 8574: 8566: 8562: 8554: 8550: 8542: 8538: 8530: 8526: 8521: 8517: 8509: 8505: 8497: 8493: 8485: 8481: 8473: 8469: 8461: 8457: 8449: 8445: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8421: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8397: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8353: 8349: 8343:McCullough 2005 8341: 8337: 8329: 8325: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8293: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8262: 8254: 8250: 8242: 8238: 8230: 8226: 8221: 8217: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8175: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8139: 8135: 8127: 8118: 8110: 8101: 8093: 8089: 8081: 8077: 8069: 8065: 8057: 8053: 8045: 8041: 8035:McCullough 2005 8033: 8029: 8021: 8017: 8011:Miller, J. 1959 8009: 8005: 7997: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7949: 7945: 7937: 7933: 7925: 7921: 7913: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7773: 7771: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7698: 7688: 7686: 7676:10.2307/1918676 7654: 7650: 7642: 7633: 7625: 7621: 7613: 7606: 7598: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7573: 7569: 7558: 7554: 7548:Clodfelter 2017 7546: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7505:Clodfelter 2017 7503: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7481:Clodfelter 2017 7479: 7470: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7432: 7424: 7420: 7412: 7405: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7368: 7364: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7341: 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7304: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7277: 7267: 7263: 7256: 7252: 7244: 7240: 7233: 7229: 7221: 7214: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7184: 7178:Duncan, L. 1931 7176: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7117: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7061: 7057: 7049: 7042: 7027: 7023: 7016: 7012: 7005: 7001: 6994: 6990: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6925:Around 171,000 6924: 6920: 6911: 6907: 6898: 6894: 6889: 6885: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6852: 6848: 6823: 6819: 6814: 6810: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6779: 6754: 6750: 6745: 6741: 6720: 6716: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6688: 6674: 6670: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6634: 6621: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6591: 6587: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6548: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6488: 6484: 6455: 6451: 6439:in Virginia at 6426: 6422: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6348: 6344: 6331: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6286: 6282: 6264:Chambly, Quebec 6253: 6249: 6240: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6208: 6160:Founders Online 6146: 6124: 6092: 6075: 6028: 5996: 5977: 5970: 5951: 5942: 5932: 5923: 5912: 5903: 5896: 5869: 5781: 5726:The U.S. motto 5720: 5679:Salem, New York 5667: 5661: 5645:Kentucky County 5641:James Wilkinson 5597: 5532: 5526: 5420:Treaty of Paris 5412: 5406: 5390:Lord Rockingham 5355: 5345: 5340: 5195: 5189: 5181:Leeward Islands 5111: 5105: 5097:Sally St. Clair 5093:Deborah Sampson 5079:Sybil Ludington 5062:documented the 5037: 5031: 4957: 4947: 4941: 4936: 4857: 4851: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4765:Dutch Caribbean 4756: 4750: 4723: 4713: 4707: 4648:John Paul Jones 4634: 4628: 4618: 4610:Main articles: 4608: 4534:Brooklyn Museum 4518: 4508: 4502: 4473: 4428:British America 4415: 4333:Washington and 4310:in October 1781 4276: 4270: 4216:French soldier 4211:Battle of Piqua 4120:Treaty of Paris 4086:second campaign 4021: 4015: 3803: 3797: 3777:Benedict Arnold 3758:New Jersey Line 3653: 3645:Main articles: 3643: 3586:Spanish Florida 3552:French Admiral 3451: 3439:Main articles: 3437: 3402:, commanded by 3298:Barry St. Leger 3260: 3246: 3219:Assunpink Creek 3142: 3128: 3087:Fort Washington 3039:and across the 3026:Culper spy ring 3006:Thomas Knowlton 2998:New York Harbor 2974:Fort Washington 2954: 2944: 2938: 2914:Montfort Browne 2822:Fort Cumberland 2786:Fort Cumberland 2774:John Paul Jones 2739:heavy artillery 2605: 2595: 2514: 2482:United Colonies 2420: 2414: 2334: 2328: 2303:Joseph Galloway 2256: 2246: 2240: 2215:Sons of Liberty 2164:Boston Massacre 2151:Declaratory Act 2125:instructed the 2099: 2089: 2050:and south into 2021:Atlantic Canada 1977: 1963: 1957: 1939:to France, and 1785:Boston Massacre 1746:Treaty of Paris 1668: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1539: 1536: 1524: 1503: 1485: 1470: 1461: 1446: 1431: 1394: 1391: 1379: 1364: 1354:Loyalist troops 1349: 1346: 1333: 1311: 1285: 1258: 1255: 1234: 1214: 1181: 1164: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1146:Benedict Arnold 1140: 1138: 1128: 1126: 1116: 1114: 1104: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1080: 1078: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1049: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1012: 995: 993: 983: 981: 971: 969: 964: 962: 952: 950: 940:Benedict Arnold 934: 932: 922: 920: 910: 908: 898: 896: 886: 884: 874: 872: 868: 867: 857: 855: 850: 848: 838: 836: 831: 829: 819:Peyton Randolph 813: 811: 806: 804: 791: 788: 735: 734: 727: 715: 713: 703: 693: 649: 648: 638: 631: 624: 618: 555: 554: 547: 481: 479: 474: 462: 460: 458: 450: 448: 447: 437: 435: 433: 432: 364: 363: 350: 348: 343: 341: 337: 334:United Colonies 328: 326: 321: 319: 318: 307: 305: 303: 238:, and north of 234:, south of the 225: 209:Treaty of Paris 197:Signing of the 184: 163: 161: 148: 147: 146: 145: 109: 108: 107: 99: 98: 89: 88: 87: 79: 78: 69: 68: 67: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 29825: 29815: 29814: 29809: 29804: 29799: 29794: 29789: 29784: 29779: 29774: 29769: 29764: 29759: 29754: 29749: 29744: 29729: 29728: 29716: 29693: 29692: 29690: 29689: 29684: 29677: 29676: 29669: 29661: 29660: 29657: 29656: 29653: 29652: 29649: 29648: 29646: 29645: 29640: 29635: 29630: 29629: 29628: 29618: 29617: 29616: 29606: 29601: 29596: 29591: 29589:Mass shootings 29586: 29581: 29580: 29579: 29577:Climate change 29574: 29564: 29559: 29558: 29557: 29552: 29547: 29542: 29537: 29532: 29527: 29522: 29515:Discrimination 29512: 29507: 29506: 29505: 29495: 29489: 29487: 29483: 29482: 29480: 29479: 29474: 29469: 29464: 29459: 29454: 29449: 29444: 29439: 29434: 29429: 29428: 29427: 29422: 29417: 29407: 29406: 29405: 29400: 29395: 29390: 29385: 29380: 29370: 29364: 29362: 29356: 29355: 29353: 29352: 29347: 29342: 29337: 29332: 29327: 29322: 29317: 29312: 29307: 29305:American Dream 29302: 29296: 29294: 29288: 29287: 29285: 29284: 29279: 29274: 29272:Transportation 29269: 29264: 29259: 29254: 29249: 29244: 29239: 29234: 29229: 29224: 29219: 29218: 29217: 29212: 29207: 29205:Mount Rushmore 29202: 29192: 29187: 29182: 29177: 29176: 29175: 29170: 29165: 29160: 29155: 29145: 29140: 29139: 29138: 29133: 29128: 29118: 29113: 29108: 29103: 29102: 29101: 29091: 29086: 29085: 29084: 29074: 29069: 29064: 29063: 29062: 29057: 29047: 29046: 29045: 29040: 29035: 29030: 29025: 29020: 29015: 29010: 29005: 29000: 28995: 28985: 28980: 28975: 28970: 28965: 28960: 28955: 28949: 28947: 28934: 28928: 28927: 28924: 28923: 28921: 28920: 28915: 28910: 28905: 28900: 28895: 28890: 28884: 28882: 28876: 28875: 28873: 28872: 28867: 28862: 28857: 28852: 28847: 28842: 28837: 28832: 28827: 28825:Federal budget 28822: 28817: 28812: 28811: 28810: 28805: 28800: 28795: 28790: 28785: 28780: 28775: 28770: 28765: 28763:Communications 28760: 28755: 28744: 28738: 28732: 28731: 28728: 28727: 28724: 28723: 28721: 28720: 28715: 28714: 28713: 28708: 28703: 28693: 28692: 28691: 28686: 28684:exceptionalism 28681: 28671: 28666: 28665: 28664: 28662:foreign policy 28654: 28653: 28652: 28647: 28637: 28631: 28628: 28627: 28624: 28623: 28621: 28620: 28619: 28618: 28607: 28605: 28599: 28598: 28596: 28595: 28590: 28584: 28582: 28576: 28575: 28573: 28572: 28567: 28562: 28557: 28552: 28547: 28542: 28537: 28532: 28527: 28521: 28519: 28515: 28514: 28512: 28511: 28506: 28501: 28496: 28490: 28488: 28479: 28473: 28472: 28470: 28469: 28464: 28463: 28462: 28452: 28451: 28450: 28445: 28440: 28430: 28424: 28422: 28416: 28415: 28412: 28411: 28409: 28408: 28403: 28398: 28393: 28387: 28385: 28379: 28378: 28376: 28375: 28374: 28373: 28363: 28362: 28361: 28359:Chief justices 28354:Supreme courts 28350: 28348: 28342: 28341: 28339: 28338: 28333: 28327: 28325: 28319: 28318: 28316: 28315: 28314: 28313: 28303: 28298: 28293: 28288: 28283: 28278: 28273: 28268: 28267: 28266: 28256: 28255: 28254: 28243: 28241: 28232: 28215: 28214: 28211: 28210: 28208: 28207: 28202: 28197: 28196: 28195: 28193:National Guard 28190: 28185: 28180: 28175: 28170: 28165: 28154: 28152: 28146: 28145: 28143: 28142: 28137: 28136: 28135: 28130: 28125: 28120: 28110: 28105: 28104: 28103: 28096:Bill of Rights 28092: 28090: 28084: 28083: 28081: 28080: 28075: 28070: 28069: 28068: 28066:list of judges 28063: 28061:list of courts 28049: 28048: 28047: 28045:list of judges 28037: 28036: 28035: 28030: 28025: 28014: 28012: 28006: 28005: 28003: 28002: 27997: 27992: 27987: 27982: 27980:Capitol Police 27977: 27976: 27975: 27970: 27965: 27955: 27954: 27953: 27948: 27937: 27935: 27929: 27928: 27926: 27925: 27920: 27915: 27910: 27909: 27908: 27903: 27901:Secret Service 27898: 27893: 27888: 27883: 27878: 27873: 27868: 27858: 27857: 27856: 27851: 27846: 27841: 27831: 27826: 27821: 27816: 27814:Vice President 27811: 27810: 27809: 27804: 27793: 27791: 27784: 27771: 27765: 27764: 27761: 27760: 27758: 27757: 27752: 27747: 27742: 27741: 27740: 27735: 27730: 27725: 27720: 27715: 27710: 27705: 27694: 27693: 27692: 27687: 27682: 27677: 27672: 27667: 27662: 27657: 27652: 27647: 27642: 27637: 27632: 27627: 27622: 27617: 27612: 27602: 27601: 27600: 27598:National Parks 27590: 27589: 27588: 27583: 27578: 27573: 27568: 27558: 27553: 27551:Extreme points 27548: 27543: 27542: 27541: 27536: 27531: 27526: 27521: 27516: 27511: 27506: 27501: 27490: 27484: 27478: 27477: 27474: 27473: 27471: 27470: 27465: 27460: 27455: 27450: 27445: 27440: 27435: 27429: 27427: 27423: 27422: 27420: 27419: 27414: 27409: 27408: 27407: 27402: 27392: 27387: 27382: 27377: 27372: 27367: 27362: 27357: 27352: 27347: 27346: 27345: 27335: 27330: 27325: 27320: 27315: 27310: 27309: 27308: 27303: 27298: 27290: 27285: 27280: 27275: 27270: 27265: 27260: 27255: 27250: 27245: 27240: 27238:Federalist Era 27235: 27234: 27233: 27231:Bill of Rights 27228: 27218: 27213: 27212: 27211: 27206: 27196: 27195: 27194: 27189: 27179: 27174: 27172:Lee Resolution 27169: 27164: 27163: 27162: 27157: 27152: 27147: 27142: 27137: 27132: 27122: 27116: 27114: 27110: 27109: 27107: 27106: 27101: 27096: 27091: 27086: 27081: 27076: 27071: 27066: 27061: 27056: 27050: 27048: 27041: 27035: 27034: 27032: articles 27026: 27025: 27018: 27011: 27003: 26994: 26993: 26991: 26990: 26980: 26970: 26968:Historiography 26965: 26959: 26956: 26955: 26952: 26951: 26948: 26947: 26945: 26944: 26934: 26928: 26926: 26922: 26921: 26919: 26918: 26913: 26908: 26906:Navassa Island 26903: 26898: 26893: 26891:Johnston Atoll 26888: 26883: 26881:Howland Island 26878: 26872: 26870: 26866: 26865: 26863: 26862: 26857: 26852: 26847: 26842: 26840:American Samoa 26836: 26834: 26830: 26829: 26824: 26822: 26818: 26817: 26815: 26814: 26809: 26804: 26799: 26794: 26789: 26784: 26779: 26774: 26769: 26764: 26762:South Carolina 26759: 26754: 26749: 26744: 26739: 26734: 26729: 26727:North Carolina 26724: 26719: 26714: 26709: 26704: 26699: 26694: 26689: 26684: 26679: 26674: 26669: 26664: 26659: 26654: 26649: 26644: 26639: 26634: 26629: 26624: 26619: 26614: 26609: 26604: 26599: 26594: 26589: 26584: 26579: 26574: 26569: 26563: 26561: 26557: 26556: 26554: 26553: 26551:The West Coast 26548: 26543: 26537: 26535: 26531: 26530: 26528: 26527: 26525:Indian removal 26522: 26517: 26512: 26507: 26501: 26499: 26489: 26488: 26478: 26477: 26474: 26473: 26471: 26470: 26469: 26468: 26463: 26458: 26446: 26439: 26438: 26437: 26432: 26420: 26419: 26418: 26416:Saudi American 26413: 26408: 26403: 26401:Iraqi American 26398: 26393: 26381: 26374: 26373: 26372: 26360: 26359: 26358: 26353: 26348: 26343: 26338: 26336:Irish American 26333: 26328: 26323: 26318: 26306: 26305: 26304: 26299: 26294: 26289: 26284: 26279: 26274: 26266:Asian American 26262: 26254: 26251: 26250: 26240: 26239: 26236: 26235: 26233: 26232: 26231: 26230: 26225: 26220: 26215: 26210: 26198: 26197: 26196: 26194:Sexual slavery 26184: 26177: 26170: 26169: 26168: 26163: 26158: 26153: 26148: 26143: 26131: 26130: 26129: 26124: 26119: 26114: 26109: 26104: 26092: 26085: 26078: 26077: 26076: 26071: 26066: 26064:Postal service 26061: 26056: 26054:Foreign policy 26051: 26046: 26041: 26036: 26031: 26026: 26021: 26009: 26002: 26001: 26000: 25988: 25987: 25986: 25974: 25973: 25972: 25960: 25959: 25958: 25953: 25948: 25943: 25931: 25924: 25916: 25913: 25912: 25902: 25901: 25898: 25897: 25894: 25893: 25891: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25873: 25868: 25863: 25858: 25857: 25856: 25846: 25841: 25834: 25829: 25828: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25812: 25807: 25802: 25797: 25792: 25782: 25776: 25774: 25768: 25767: 25765: 25764: 25759: 25754: 25749: 25748: 25747: 25742: 25732: 25727: 25720: 25715: 25710: 25705: 25700: 25695: 25690: 25685: 25679: 25677: 25671: 25670: 25668: 25667: 25662: 25657: 25652: 25651: 25650: 25645: 25640: 25630: 25628:Crack epidemic 25625: 25624: 25623: 25618: 25607: 25605: 25599: 25598: 25596: 25595: 25593:Moral Majority 25590: 25585: 25580: 25579: 25578: 25571:Gay liberation 25568: 25563: 25561:Counterculture 25558: 25553: 25552: 25551: 25549:Fall of Saigon 25546: 25541: 25531: 25530: 25529: 25527:Apollo program 25524: 25522:Project Gemini 25514: 25508: 25506: 25500: 25499: 25497: 25496: 25491: 25490: 25489: 25479: 25474: 25469: 25464: 25463: 25462: 25457: 25452: 25447: 25440:Early Cold War 25437: 25436: 25435: 25425: 25419: 25417: 25411: 25410: 25408: 25407: 25406: 25405: 25404: 25403: 25393: 25388: 25378: 25377: 25376: 25371: 25366: 25356: 25355: 25354: 25349: 25344: 25339: 25334: 25329: 25319: 25314: 25313: 25312: 25301: 25299: 25293: 25292: 25290: 25289: 25284: 25283: 25282: 25277: 25272: 25267: 25257: 25256: 25255: 25250: 25245: 25240: 25235: 25230: 25220: 25215: 25214: 25213: 25208: 25203: 25198: 25193: 25182: 25180: 25174: 25173: 25171: 25170: 25169: 25168: 25163: 25153: 25152: 25151: 25146: 25141: 25136: 25135: 25134: 25124: 25119: 25112:Prelude to War 25109: 25104: 25102:Antebellum Era 25098: 25096: 25090: 25089: 25087: 25086: 25081: 25076: 25075: 25074: 25069: 25064: 25059: 25054: 25049: 25047:Trail of Tears 25042:Jacksonian era 25039: 25038: 25037: 25032: 25021: 25019: 25013: 25012: 25010: 25009: 25008: 25007: 25002: 24992: 24991: 24990: 24985: 24978:Federalist Era 24975: 24973:Bill of Rights 24969: 24967: 24961: 24960: 24958: 24957: 24956: 24955: 24950: 24945: 24940: 24935: 24922: 24921: 24920: 24915: 24910: 24908:Lee Resolution 24905: 24900: 24889: 24887: 24881: 24880: 24878: 24877: 24876: 24875: 24870: 24865: 24860: 24855: 24850: 24845: 24840: 24835: 24830: 24825: 24815: 24810: 24805: 24800: 24795: 24790: 24785: 24780: 24775: 24770: 24765: 24760: 24754: 24752: 24746: 24745: 24743: 24742: 24735: 24727: 24725: 24717: 24716: 24706: 24705: 24703: 24702: 24697: 24691: 24688: 24687: 24680: 24679: 24672: 24665: 24657: 24648: 24647: 24645: 24644: 24638: 24632: 24626: 24620: 24614: 24608: 24602: 24596: 24590: 24584: 24578: 24572: 24566: 24560: 24554: 24548: 24542: 24536: 24530: 24527:Barzani revolt 24524: 24518: 24512: 24506: 24500: 24494: 24488: 24482: 24476: 24470: 24464: 24458: 24452: 24446: 24440: 24434: 24428: 24422: 24416: 24410: 24404: 24397: 24395: 24389: 24388: 24386: 24385: 24379: 24373: 24367: 24364:Tirah campaign 24361: 24355: 24349: 24343: 24337: 24331: 24325: 24319: 24313: 24307: 24301: 24295: 24289: 24283: 24277: 24274:Central Africa 24271: 24265: 24259: 24253: 24247: 24244:First Boer War 24241: 24235: 24229: 24226:Anglo-Zulu War 24223: 24217: 24211: 24205: 24199: 24193: 24187: 24181: 24175: 24169: 24163: 24157: 24151: 24145: 24139: 24133: 24127: 24121: 24115: 24109: 24103: 24097: 24091: 24085: 24079: 24073: 24067: 24061: 24055: 24049: 24043: 24037: 24031: 24025: 24019: 24013: 24007: 24001: 23995: 23989: 23983: 23977: 23971: 23965: 23959: 23953: 23947: 23941: 23935: 23929: 23923: 23917: 23914:Froberg mutiny 23911: 23905: 23899: 23893: 23887: 23881: 23875: 23868: 23866: 23860: 23859: 23857: 23856: 23850: 23844: 23838: 23832: 23826: 23820: 23814: 23808: 23802: 23796: 23790: 23784: 23778: 23772: 23766: 23760: 23754: 23748: 23742: 23736: 23730: 23724: 23718: 23712: 23706: 23700: 23694: 23688: 23682: 23676: 23670: 23664: 23658: 23652: 23646: 23640: 23634: 23628: 23621: 23619: 23613: 23612: 23610: 23609: 23603: 23597: 23594:Williamite War 23591: 23585: 23579: 23573: 23567: 23561: 23555: 23549: 23543: 23537: 23531: 23525: 23519: 23513: 23507: 23501: 23495: 23489: 23482: 23480: 23474: 23473: 23470:British Empire 23461: 23460: 23453: 23446: 23438: 23429: 23428: 23426: 23425: 23420: 23415: 23410: 23405: 23400: 23398:Peace movement 23395: 23390: 23385: 23380: 23375: 23370: 23365: 23360: 23354: 23352: 23348: 23347: 23345: 23344: 23339: 23338: 23337: 23332: 23327: 23322: 23312: 23307: 23302: 23297: 23292: 23287: 23282: 23277: 23272: 23267: 23262: 23257: 23252: 23247: 23242: 23237: 23232: 23227: 23222: 23217: 23212: 23207: 23202: 23197: 23192: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23172: 23167: 23162: 23157: 23152: 23147: 23142: 23137: 23132: 23127: 23122: 23116: 23114: 23110: 23109: 23107: 23106: 23101: 23096: 23091: 23086: 23081: 23076: 23071: 23066: 23061: 23056: 23051: 23049:Pullman Strike 23046: 23041: 23039:Coal Creek War 23036: 23031: 23026: 23021: 23016: 23011: 23006: 23001: 22996: 22991: 22986: 22984:Dorr Rebellion 22981: 22976: 22971: 22966: 22961: 22955: 22953: 22949: 22948: 22945: 22942: 22941: 22936: 22935: 22928: 22921: 22913: 22904: 22903: 22901: 22900: 22895: 22889: 22887: 22883: 22882: 22880: 22879: 22870: 22868: 22864: 22863: 22861: 22860: 22855: 22853:Pompton Mutiny 22850: 22845: 22840: 22834: 22832: 22828: 22827: 22824: 22823: 22821: 22820: 22819: 22818: 22813: 22808: 22803: 22798: 22790: 22789: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22757:Cavalry Units 22754: 22752: 22748: 22747: 22745: 22744: 22739: 22738: 22737: 22732: 22727: 22719: 22713: 22711: 22707: 22706: 22704: 22703: 22698: 22693: 22687: 22685: 22681: 22680: 22678: 22677: 22672: 22670:South Carolina 22667: 22662: 22657: 22655:North Carolina 22652: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22617: 22611: 22609: 22602: 22596: 22595: 22590: 22587: 22586: 22574: 22573: 22566: 22559: 22551: 22542: 22541: 22538: 22537: 22534: 22533: 22531: 22530: 22525: 22520: 22519: 22518: 22513: 22508: 22503: 22498: 22493: 22488: 22483: 22478: 22476:Minor holidays 22473: 22468: 22463: 22458: 22453: 22448: 22443: 22438: 22433: 22423: 22418: 22413: 22408: 22403: 22398: 22393: 22388: 22383: 22377: 22375: 22371: 22370: 22368: 22367: 22362: 22357: 22352: 22346: 22344: 22340: 22339: 22337: 22336: 22328: 22322: 22320: 22312: 22311: 22309: 22308: 22307:Related topics 22297: 22296: 22293: 22292: 22290: 22289: 22284: 22279: 22277:Bill of Rights 22274: 22269: 22262: 22257: 22252: 22247: 22242: 22236: 22233: 22232: 22222: 22221: 22218: 22217: 22214: 22213: 22210: 22209: 22207: 22206: 22201: 22196: 22191: 22186: 22181: 22176: 22171: 22166: 22160: 22158: 22151: 22147: 22146: 22143: 22142: 22140: 22139: 22134: 22129: 22124: 22119: 22114: 22109: 22104: 22099: 22094: 22089: 22084: 22079: 22074: 22069: 22064: 22059: 22054: 22048: 22046: 22042: 22041: 22039: 22038: 22033: 22028: 22023: 22018: 22013: 22008: 22003: 21998: 21993: 21988: 21983: 21978: 21973: 21968: 21963: 21958: 21953: 21948: 21943: 21938: 21933: 21928: 21923: 21918: 21913: 21908: 21903: 21898: 21892: 21890: 21883: 21879: 21878: 21875: 21874: 21872: 21871: 21866: 21861: 21856: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21836: 21830: 21828: 21824: 21823: 21821: 21820: 21815: 21810: 21805: 21800: 21795: 21790: 21785: 21780: 21775: 21770: 21765: 21760: 21755: 21749: 21747: 21740: 21732: 21731: 21721: 21720: 21717: 21716: 21713: 21712: 21709: 21708: 21706: 21705: 21700: 21695: 21690: 21684: 21682: 21681:Loyal colonies 21678: 21677: 21675: 21674: 21669: 21667:South Carolina 21664: 21659: 21654: 21652:North Carolina 21649: 21644: 21639: 21634: 21629: 21624: 21619: 21614: 21608: 21606: 21604:Rebel colonies 21597: 21589: 21586: 21585: 21583: 21582: 21577: 21572: 21566: 21564: 21560: 21559: 21557: 21556: 21551: 21546: 21544:Sint Eustatius 21541: 21536: 21531: 21526: 21521: 21516: 21511: 21506: 21504:"First Salute" 21501: 21495: 21493: 21489: 21488: 21486: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21448:Kings Mountain 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21400: 21395: 21390: 21385: 21380: 21375: 21370: 21365: 21360: 21355: 21350: 21345: 21340: 21338:Harlem Heights 21335: 21330: 21328:Valcour Island 21325: 21320: 21315: 21310: 21305: 21299: 21297: 21290: 21289: 21287: 21286: 21281: 21276: 21271: 21266: 21261: 21256: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21225: 21223: 21218: 21215: 21214: 21211: 21210: 21208: 21207: 21202: 21197: 21196: 21195: 21190: 21185: 21174: 21172: 21168: 21167: 21165: 21164: 21159: 21154: 21149: 21143: 21141: 21135: 21134: 21132: 21131: 21126: 21121: 21116: 21110: 21108: 21095: 21087: 21086: 21084: 21083: 21080: 21077: 21074: 21071: 21068: 21057: 21056: 21053: 21052: 21049: 21048: 21046: 21045: 21040: 21035: 21030: 21025: 21020: 21015: 21010: 21005: 20999: 20997: 20993: 20992: 20990: 20989: 20984: 20975: 20970: 20965: 20963:Lee Resolution 20960: 20955: 20950: 20945: 20940: 20935: 20930: 20925: 20920: 20915: 20910: 20905: 20900: 20893: 20888: 20883: 20881:Black Patriots 20878: 20873: 20868: 20863: 20858: 20853: 20848: 20842: 20840: 20836: 20835: 20833: 20832: 20827: 20822: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20781: 20776: 20771: 20766: 20761: 20756: 20751: 20745: 20743: 20738: 20735: 20734: 20732: 20731: 20729:Black Loyalist 20726: 20721: 20716: 20711: 20706: 20704:North ministry 20701: 20696: 20691: 20686: 20681: 20676: 20670: 20668: 20664: 20663: 20661: 20660: 20655: 20650: 20643: 20636: 20629: 20624: 20617: 20612: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20592: 20587: 20582: 20576: 20574: 20566: 20565: 20552: 20551: 20544: 20543: 20536: 20529: 20521: 20515: 20514: 20486: 20472: 20465: 20453: 20440: 20439: 20437: 20436:External links 20434: 20433: 20432: 20426: 20417: 20410: 20407: 20406: 20405: 20396: 20367: 20364: 20362: 20361: 20354: 20347: 20327: 20322:978-0393006445 20321: 20303: 20248: 20193: 20188:978-1615928316 20187: 20172: 20155: 20145: 20140:978-0742561205 20139: 20124: 20110: 20093: 20088:978-1844151431 20087: 20072: 20065: 20054: 20049:978-0665213304 20048: 20033: 20028:978-1440830280 20027: 20012: 20001: 19996:978-0813907482 19995: 19978: 19973:978-1429907996 19972: 19957: 19943: 19922: 19903: 19898:978-0765631435 19897: 19882: 19868: 19857: 19838: 19822: 19808: 19794: 19774: 19769:978-1438130132 19768: 19753: 19748:978-0801454943 19747: 19732: 19727:978-0582229426 19726: 19711: 19676: 19655: 19648: 19637: 19617: 19612:978-0375761041 19611: 19592: 19587:978-1417985364 19586: 19571: 19563:978-0151547456 19562: 19549: 19534: 19529:978-1438129167 19528: 19513: 19508:978-1576078129 19507: 19492: 19487:978-0698137653 19486: 19471: 19442: 19413: 19392: 19373: 19368:978-0872207059 19367: 19354: 19328:(3): 253–270. 19317: 19312:978-0226101552 19311: 19296: 19291:978-0292780408 19290: 19277: 19272:978-1851094080 19271: 19258: 19253:978-0823420698 19252: 19237: 19232:978-0816074686 19231: 19216: 19214:. Vol. 3. 19205: 19177: 19172:978-0061139116 19171: 19158: 19153:978-0195134094 19152: 19134: 19123: 19117: 19102: 19081: 19067: 19053: 19038: 19021: 19010: 19005:978-0130292322 19004: 18989: 18984:978-0714816142 18983: 18970: 18963: 18958:978-1565545175 18957: 18944: 18938: 18923: 18898: 18888:Burgoyne, John 18884: 18870: 18863: 18834: 18823: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18802: 18793: 18780: 18763: 18746: 18729: 18706: 18689: 18671: 18646: 18625: 18624: 18620: 18619: 18599: 18598: 18593:978-0306806179 18592: 18577: 18572:978-0735224711 18571: 18556: 18551:978-0307758965 18550: 18532: 18522:978-1844157006 18521: 18506: 18493:978-1570035739 18492: 18477: 18472:978-1852851453 18471: 18458: 18449: 18444:978-0253280299 18443: 18428: 18423:978-1107536227 18422: 18409: 18392:978-0198217138 18391: 18376: 18362: 18357:978-1857286564 18356: 18341: 18333:978-1616080808 18332: 18317: 18303: 18295:|website= 18261: 18256:978-1199083234 18255: 18237: 18232:978-0802074027 18231: 18215: 18214: 18184: 18183: 18170: 18165: 18145: 18132: 18131: 18126:978-0787785642 18125: 18110: 18099: 18082: 18066: 18049: 18044:978-2760522091 18043: 18028: 18023:978-0393253870 18022: 18004: 17999:978-0700612673 17998: 17983: 17972: 17967:978-1570032387 17966: 17949: 17944:978-0521445702 17943: 17928: 17923:978-0859896153 17922: 17907: 17901: 17886: 17875: 17864: 17851:978-0888665782 17850: 17833: 17822: 17811: 17800: 17795:978-1782004431 17794: 17779: 17774:978-0870201646 17773: 17758: 17753:978-0140289848 17752: 17737: 17731: 17703: 17698:978-0879352332 17697: 17682: 17676: 17670:. Polyanthos. 17663: 17652: 17635: 17630:978-0198201953 17629: 17614: 17588:(3): 571–589. 17577: 17548: 17543:978-0142003336 17542: 17527: 17508: 17503:978-1611210118 17502: 17486: 17485: 17472:978-0786407835 17471: 17456: 17451:978-1317562856 17450: 17435: 17430:978-1780227108 17429: 17414: 17409:978-0553392593 17408: 17393: 17368: 17339: 17328: 17307: 17296: 17291:978-0786466948 17290: 17275: 17250: 17245:978-0299112905 17244: 17229: 17216: 17211:978-1134210398 17210: 17195: 17190:978-1416570912 17189: 17172: 17167:978-1258093402 17166: 17151: 17145: 17130: 17101: 17096:978-0786432134 17095: 17079: 17078: 17060:(2): 243–264. 17049: 17022: 17017:978-0698153233 17016: 17001: 16996:978-0195019094 16995: 16980: 16975:978-0226653181 16974: 16959: 16938: 16924: 16919:978-0547225647 16918: 16903: 16889: 16884:978-1596981645 16883: 16868: 16863:978-0817301910 16862: 16847: 16842:978-0140390162 16841: 16826: 16821:978-0300191073 16820: 16805: 16768: 16763:978-0761429388 16762: 16747: 16729:(2): 543–567. 16718: 16706:978-0806139166 16705: 16689: 16688: 16683:978-0811700771 16682: 16669: 16664:978-0873387002 16663: 16648: 16643:978-0670034208 16642: 16629: 16621:978-0199746705 16620: 16605: 16599: 16583: 16582: 16571: 16566:978-1855326880 16565: 16559:. Bloomsbury. 16550: 16542:978-0061816055 16541: 16526: 16521:978-1299106598 16520: 16505: 16500:978-1877853210 16499: 16484: 16479:978-1139434560 16478: 16463: 16455:978-0226923420 16454: 16439: 16428: 16415: 16410:978-0804705936 16409: 16394: 16380: 16347: 16342:978-0199740925 16341: 16323: 16318:978-0811745086 16317: 16302: 16291: 16286:978-0743287708 16285: 16267: 16256: 16251:978-1538119723 16250: 16235: 16214: 16209:978-0679779087 16208: 16194:Maier, Pauline 16190: 16185:978-0486842103 16184: 16169: 16150: 16136: 16130:978-0803281929 16129: 16113: 16112: 16107:978-0916346768 16106: 16091: 16080: 16075: 16070:978-0061451645 16069: 16054: 16049:978-0812969504 16048: 16034:Lengel, Edward 16030: 16025:978-1932714036 16024: 16009: 15998: 15987: 15982:978-0873511537 15981: 15968: 15963:978-1559725132 15962: 15947: 15942:978-1402241703 15941: 15926: 15907: 15889: 15888: 15883:978-0674027022 15882: 15867: 15862:978-9925057382 15861: 15846: 15840:978-0809015542 15839: 15824: 15819:978-1466879539 15818: 15803: 15798:978-1466879508 15797: 15782: 15777:978-0805046816 15776: 15761: 15756:978-1466879515 15755: 15737: 15732:978-0199324224 15731: 15716: 15711:978-1588342416 15710: 15695: 15678: 15673:978-0811705424 15672: 15657: 15628: 15623:978-0945612339 15622: 15606: 15605: 15600:978-0842029162 15599: 15584: 15573: 15568:978-0691184692 15567: 15549: 15544:978-1400075478 15543: 15528: 15523:978-1494118921 15522: 15507: 15502:978-0231109093 15501: 15485: 15484: 15468: 15463:978-0521533225 15462: 15446: 15445: 15417:(2): 187–222. 15402: 15397:978-1476664538 15396: 15383: 15363: 15358:978-1555468132 15357: 15342: 15337:978-0374107345 15336: 15321: 15316:978-0813908649 15315: 15300: 15295:978-0820324005 15294: 15279: 15273: 15255: 15250:978-1844156993 15249: 15234: 15229:978-0465027248 15228: 15213: 15205:978-0199765539 15204: 15189: 15178: 15173:978-1841199528 15172: 15157: 15152:978-0813190143 15151: 15136: 15122: 15121: 15102: 15097:978-1139444705 15096: 15081: 15073:978-0470756447 15072: 15057: 15052:General Greene 15046: 15041:978-1843831372 15040: 15025: 15020:978-1570034800 15019: 15004: 14976:Goos, Norman. 14973: 14967: 14954: 14949:978-0809046003 14948: 14933: 14927: 14922:978-0806135854 14921: 14906: 14901:978-1609495152 14900: 14884: 14883: 14872: 14861: 14853:978-1439105337 14852: 14837: 14835:. 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OUP Oxford. 14057: 14052:978-1476625850 14051: 14036: 14025: 14020:978-1317864448 14019: 14004: 13999:978-1594202667 13998: 13983: 13978:978-1841769776 13977: 13962: 13957:978-0826327956 13956: 13941: 13907: 13902:978-0195071986 13901: 13882: 13877:978-0313321689 13876: 13861: 13838: 13833:978-0802083586 13832: 13817: 13812:978-0807842690 13811: 13796: 13791:978-0199677832 13790: 13775: 13770:978-0195331271 13769: 13754: 13746:978-0801490088 13745: 13730: 13706: 13705: 13691: 13686:978-0786727049 13685: 13670: 13642: 13631: 13620: 13615:978-0471164029 13614: 13599: 13588: 13579: 13566:978-1570034879 13565: 13552: 13547:978-0679504405 13546: 13531: 13526:978-0253005618 13525: 13510: 13505:978-0750928083 13504: 13489: 13484:978-0859893855 13483: 13466: 13455: 13450:978-0007390915 13449: 13434: 13405: 13399: 13384: 13378: 13363: 13352: 13338: 13333:978-0160873300 13332: 13317: 13306: 13278: 13257: 13252:978-1626194076 13251: 13236: 13199: 13194:978-0307429780 13193: 13178: 13173:978-0807887660 13172: 13156: 13155: 13150:978-1608712489 13149: 13134: 13129:978-1402768163 13128: 13113: 13108:978-0521526371 13107: 13092: 13087:978-1424304721 13086: 13071: 13042: 13037:978-0813905259 13036: 13021: 13016:978-1588346599 13015: 13000: 12995:978-1851097746 12994: 12979: 12974:978-0061330117 12973: 12960: 12955:978-0306803666 12954: 12939: 12928: 12917: 12896: 12891:Main article: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12882: 12873:978-0894875595 12872: 12852: 12850:(1965) vol. 2. 12836: 12823: 12817:978-1305537422 12816: 12796: 12777:(2): 476–489. 12761: 12748: 12737:(8): 951–963. 12721: 12717:Historiography 12708: 12665: 12652: 12636: 12624: 12612: 12600: 12598: , p. 557 12588: 12576: 12564: 12552: 12531: 12519: 12507: 12495: 12483: 12471: 12459: 12444: 12429: 12417: 12405: 12393: 12381: 12366: 12354: 12342: 12330: 12315: 12303: 12291: 12279: 12267: 12255: 12243: 12231: 12219: 12207: 12192: 12180: 12168: 12156: 12144: 12132: 12120: 12108: 12096: 12084: 12072: 12060: 12048: 12036: 12021: 12009: 11997: 11985: 11973: 11961: 11949: 11945:Alexander 2010 11937: 11925: 11913: 11901: 11886: 11874: 11862: 11850: 11824: 11796: 11767:(2): 187–222. 11745: 11714: 11702: 11688: 11676: 11664: 11652: 11640: 11628: 11616: 11601: 11589: 11577: 11565: 11553: 11541: 11529: 11517: 11513:Ritcheson 1973 11505: 11493: 11481: 11469: 11457: 11445: 11433: 11421: 11409: 11394: 11382: 11370: 11358: 11354:Showalter 2007 11346: 11334: 11322: 11310: 11298: 11286: 11274: 11262: 11247: 11232: 11220: 11208: 11196: 11184: 11172: 11160: 11148: 11136: 11124: 11112: 11100: 11088: 11076: 11064: 11052: 11040: 11038:, pp. 298, 306 11028: 11016: 11004: 10992: 10980: 10968: 10956: 10944: 10940:Philbrick 2016 10932: 10930:, "Privateers" 10920: 10918: , p. 240 10908: 10896: 10884: 10872: 10860: 10848: 10836: 10824: 10812: 10800: 10791: 10779: 10767: 10755: 10743: 10731: 10719: 10707: 10703:Smith, D. 2012 10692: 10680: 10665: 10646: 10629: 10614: 10602: 10598:Davenport 1917 10590: 10575: 10563: 10552: 10540: 10528: 10516: 10495: 10491:Middleton 2014 10483: 10471: 10459: 10447: 10443:Middleton 2014 10435: 10423: 10411: 10399: 10387: 10375: 10363: 10351: 10349:, pp. 423, 520 10339: 10322: 10310: 10298: 10286: 10274: 10262: 10250: 10238: 10226: 10214: 10202: 10190: 10178: 10166: 10154: 10142: 10130: 10118: 10106: 10091: 10079: 10067: 10055: 10043: 10031: 10019: 10007: 9995: 9983: 9971: 9959: 9944: 9932: 9920: 9908: 9896: 9884: 9872: 9860: 9848: 9836: 9811: 9785: 9773: 9761: 9749: 9737: 9726: 9714: 9710:Morrissey 2004 9702: 9690: 9681: 9666: 9654: 9642: 9630: 9618: 9606: 9594: 9579: 9567: 9555: 9543: 9531: 9519: 9507: 9503:Davenport 1917 9495: 9491:Davenport 1917 9483: 9446: 9434: 9422: 9411: 9395: 9383: 9371: 9359: 9347: 9335: 9323: 9311: 9299: 9287: 9275: 9271:McGeorge, 1905 9263: 9251: 9239: 9227: 9215: 9203: 9191: 9179: 9167: 9155: 9143: 9131: 9119: 9107: 9092: 9080: 9068: 9056: 9044: 9032: 9020: 9008: 8996: 8984: 8972: 8960: 8948: 8946:, pp. 248, 255 8936: 8924: 8912: 8900: 8888: 8876: 8864: 8852: 8840: 8828: 8824:Lowenthal 2009 8816: 8804: 8792: 8780: 8768: 8756: 8744: 8732: 8730: , p. 657 8720: 8708: 8697: 8680: 8668: 8656: 8644: 8642: , p. 104 8632: 8620: 8608: 8596: 8584: 8582:, pp. 154, 158 8572: 8560: 8548: 8536: 8524: 8515: 8503: 8491: 8487:Lefkowitz 2007 8479: 8467: 8463:Smith, J. 1907 8455: 8443: 8431: 8419: 8407: 8403:Glatthaar 2007 8395: 8391:Smith, J. 1907 8383: 8371: 8359: 8347: 8335: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8275: 8260: 8248: 8236: 8224: 8222:Fischer, p. 85 8215: 8203: 8181: 8169: 8157: 8145: 8133: 8116: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8063: 8061:, pp. 112, 118 8051: 8039: 8027: 8015: 8003: 7999:Smith, D. 2012 7991: 7987:Davenport 1917 7979: 7967: 7955: 7943: 7931: 7919: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7841: 7829: 7817: 7805: 7793: 7781: 7756: 7744: 7732: 7720: 7718:, pp. 116, 187 7708: 7696: 7670:(2): 218–240. 7648: 7631: 7619: 7604: 7592: 7580: 7567: 7552: 7533: 7529:Archuleta 2006 7521: 7517:Otfinoski 2008 7509: 7497: 7485: 7468: 7457: 7445: 7430: 7426:Knesebeck 2017 7418: 7403: 7388: 7374: 7370:Chartrand 2006 7362: 7350: 7339: 7328: 7316: 7302: 7291: 7275: 7269:"Rochambeau", 7261: 7250: 7238: 7227: 7212: 7197: 7182: 7161: 7149: 7135: 7123: 7108: 7079: 7067: 7055: 7040: 7021: 7010: 6999: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6967:merchant ships 6929:served in the 6918: 6905: 6892: 6883: 6870: 6860: 6846: 6817: 6808: 6797: 6787: 6777: 6748: 6739: 6714: 6696: 6686: 6668: 6642: 6632: 6615: 6606: 6585: 6576: 6566: 6556: 6546: 6532:Royal Navy 94 6525: 6516: 6507: 6482: 6449: 6420: 6411: 6402: 6393: 6384: 6374: 6365: 6355: 6342: 6325: 6316: 6290:independently 6280: 6247: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6207: 6206:Bibliographies 6204: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5952: 5945: 5943: 5933: 5926: 5924: 5913: 5906: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5888: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5788:, especially " 5780: 5779:Historiography 5777: 5719: 5716: 5660: 5657: 5601:mother country 5596: 5593: 5528:Main article: 5525: 5522: 5490:Richard Oswald 5405: 5402: 5398:Lord Shelburne 5394:new government 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5234:North Carolina 5188: 5185: 5156:Black Patriots 5146:Black Pioneers 5107:Main article: 5104: 5101: 5068:camp followers 5033:Main article: 5030: 5027: 5014:British Legion 4990:South Carolina 4943:Main article: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4853:Main article: 4850: 4847: 4788:Main article: 4785: 4782: 4749: 4746: 4728:Dutch Republic 4709:Main article: 4706: 4703: 4692:outgunned HMS 4607: 4604: 4504:Main article: 4501: 4498: 4490:British Empire 4472: 4469: 4453:retook Menorca 4449:Gulf of Mexico 4445:Dutch Republic 4414: 4411: 4306:surrenders at 4272:Main article: 4269: 4268:British defeat 4266: 4116:British Quebec 4108:Henry Hamilton 4082:Cuyahoga River 4067:Oliver Pollock 4032:Henry Hamilton 4017:Main article: 4014: 4011: 3999:Andrew Pickens 3963:British Legion 3827:British Legion 3799:Main article: 3796: 3793: 3739:scorched earth 3731:Iroquois raids 3642: 3639: 3610:States General 3564:in August 1778 3518:Saint-Domingue 3499:Sint Eustatius 3436: 3433: 3404:John Hazelwood 3361:Chesapeake Bay 3245: 3242: 3155:Emanuel Leutze 3127: 3124: 3112:New York state 3057:Thomas Mifflin 2940:Main article: 2937: 2934: 2919:brief skirmish 2887:South Carolina 2879:North Carolina 2871:South Carolina 2840:militia stores 2814:Valcour Island 2810:Lake Champlain 2803:Trois-Rivières 2663:, and capture 2643:, in June 1776 2629:William Jasper 2615:attack at the 2594: 2591: 2579:Francesco Vigo 2561:Chesapeake Bay 2549:Western Quebec 2513: 2512:War breaks out 2510: 2440:appointed the 2416:Main article: 2413: 2410: 2385:Lord Dartmouth 2373:John Dickinson 2330:Main article: 2327: 2324: 2245: 2242: 2199:banking crisis 2191:Pine Tree Flag 2187:Pine Tree Riot 2172:North Ministry 2168:Townshend Acts 2116:North Carolina 2097:Pine Tree Riot 2088: 2085: 1991:following the 1959:Main article: 1956: 1953: 1909:North ministry 1880:scorched earth 1840:Delaware River 1809:Lee Resolution 1781:Townshend Acts 1765:British Empire 1742:Atlantic Ocean 1718:Dutch Republic 1663: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1637: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1533:500 total dead 1530: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1500:4,888 deserted 1498: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1477:Great Britain: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1440:2,112 killed– 1437: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1408:United States: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1376:29,875 (total) 1373: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1361:25,000 (total) 1358: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1320: 1318:Great Britain: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1271: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1240:: 2,131 (peak) 1235: 1233: 1232: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1197: 1195:United States: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1160: 1158:Henry Hamilton 1148: 1136: 1124: 1112: 1100: 1088: 1076: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1057:Lord Shelburne 1047: 1035: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1003: 991: 979: 960: 948: 930: 918: 906: 894: 882: 869: 866: 865: 846: 827: 801: 798: 797: 793: 792: 790: 789: 787: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 730: 729: 728: 726: 725: 710: 700: 690: 680: 670: 660: 630: 629: 628: 625: 619: 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 550: 549: 548: 546: 545: 537: 528: 520: 519: 518: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 475: 473: 472: 469:Dutch Republic 431: 430: 425: 423:South Carolina 420: 418:North Carolina 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 361: 360: 359: 338: 294: 293: 289: 288: 285: 284: 283: 282: 263: 227: 221: 220: 219: 218: 212: 202: 190: 186: 185: 172: 170: 166: 165: 158: 150: 149: 111: 110: 101: 100: 92: 91: 90: 81: 80: 72: 71: 70: 61: 60: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 29824: 29813: 29810: 29808: 29805: 29803: 29800: 29798: 29795: 29793: 29790: 29788: 29785: 29783: 29780: 29778: 29775: 29773: 29770: 29768: 29765: 29763: 29760: 29758: 29755: 29753: 29750: 29748: 29745: 29743: 29740: 29739: 29737: 29727: 29726:Great Britain 29717: 29715: 29714:United States 29705: 29704: 29701: 29688: 29685: 29683: 29680: 29679: 29674: 29670: 29667: 29663: 29662: 29658: 29644: 29641: 29639: 29636: 29634: 29631: 29627: 29624: 29623: 29622: 29619: 29615: 29612: 29611: 29610: 29607: 29605: 29602: 29600: 29597: 29595: 29592: 29590: 29587: 29585: 29582: 29578: 29575: 29573: 29570: 29569: 29568: 29565: 29563: 29562:Energy policy 29560: 29556: 29553: 29551: 29548: 29546: 29543: 29541: 29538: 29536: 29533: 29531: 29528: 29526: 29523: 29521: 29518: 29517: 29516: 29513: 29511: 29508: 29504: 29503:incarceration 29501: 29500: 29499: 29496: 29494: 29491: 29490: 29488: 29484: 29478: 29475: 29473: 29470: 29468: 29465: 29463: 29460: 29458: 29455: 29453: 29450: 29448: 29445: 29443: 29440: 29438: 29435: 29433: 29430: 29426: 29423: 29421: 29418: 29416: 29413: 29412: 29411: 29408: 29404: 29401: 29399: 29396: 29394: 29391: 29389: 29388:Prenatal care 29386: 29384: 29383:Birth control 29381: 29379: 29376: 29375: 29374: 29371: 29369: 29366: 29365: 29363: 29361: 29357: 29351: 29348: 29346: 29343: 29341: 29338: 29336: 29333: 29331: 29328: 29326: 29323: 29321: 29320:Homeownership 29318: 29316: 29313: 29311: 29308: 29306: 29303: 29301: 29298: 29297: 29295: 29293: 29289: 29283: 29280: 29278: 29275: 29273: 29270: 29268: 29265: 29263: 29260: 29258: 29255: 29253: 29250: 29248: 29245: 29243: 29240: 29238: 29235: 29233: 29230: 29228: 29225: 29223: 29220: 29216: 29213: 29211: 29208: 29206: 29203: 29201: 29198: 29197: 29196: 29193: 29191: 29188: 29186: 29183: 29181: 29178: 29174: 29171: 29169: 29166: 29164: 29161: 29159: 29156: 29154: 29151: 29150: 29149: 29146: 29144: 29141: 29137: 29134: 29132: 29129: 29127: 29124: 29123: 29122: 29119: 29117: 29114: 29112: 29109: 29107: 29104: 29100: 29097: 29096: 29095: 29092: 29090: 29087: 29083: 29080: 29079: 29078: 29075: 29073: 29070: 29068: 29065: 29061: 29058: 29056: 29053: 29052: 29051: 29048: 29044: 29043:working class 29041: 29039: 29036: 29034: 29031: 29029: 29026: 29024: 29021: 29019: 29016: 29014: 29011: 29009: 29006: 29004: 29003:homeownership 29001: 28999: 28996: 28994: 28991: 28990: 28989: 28986: 28984: 28981: 28979: 28976: 28974: 28971: 28969: 28966: 28964: 28961: 28959: 28956: 28954: 28951: 28950: 28948: 28946: 28942: 28938: 28935: 28933: 28929: 28919: 28916: 28914: 28911: 28909: 28906: 28904: 28901: 28899: 28896: 28894: 28891: 28889: 28886: 28885: 28883: 28881: 28877: 28871: 28868: 28866: 28863: 28861: 28858: 28856: 28853: 28851: 28848: 28846: 28843: 28841: 28838: 28836: 28833: 28831: 28828: 28826: 28823: 28821: 28818: 28816: 28813: 28809: 28806: 28804: 28801: 28799: 28796: 28794: 28791: 28789: 28786: 28784: 28783:Manufacturing 28781: 28779: 28776: 28774: 28771: 28769: 28766: 28764: 28761: 28759: 28756: 28754: 28751: 28750: 28749: 28746: 28745: 28742: 28739: 28737: 28733: 28719: 28716: 28712: 28711:Third parties 28709: 28707: 28704: 28702: 28699: 28698: 28697: 28694: 28690: 28687: 28685: 28682: 28680: 28677: 28676: 28675: 28672: 28670: 28667: 28663: 28660: 28659: 28658: 28655: 28651: 28648: 28646: 28643: 28642: 28641: 28638: 28636: 28633: 28632: 28629: 28617: 28614: 28613: 28612: 28609: 28608: 28606: 28604: 28600: 28594: 28591: 28589: 28586: 28585: 28583: 28581: 28577: 28571: 28568: 28566: 28563: 28561: 28558: 28556: 28553: 28551: 28548: 28546: 28543: 28541: 28538: 28536: 28533: 28531: 28528: 28526: 28523: 28522: 28520: 28516: 28510: 28507: 28505: 28502: 28500: 28497: 28495: 28492: 28491: 28489: 28487: 28483: 28480: 28478: 28474: 28468: 28465: 28461: 28458: 28457: 28456: 28453: 28449: 28446: 28444: 28441: 28439: 28436: 28435: 28434: 28431: 28429: 28426: 28425: 28423: 28421: 28417: 28407: 28404: 28402: 28399: 28397: 28394: 28392: 28389: 28388: 28386: 28384: 28380: 28372: 28369: 28368: 28367: 28364: 28360: 28357: 28356: 28355: 28352: 28351: 28349: 28347: 28343: 28337: 28334: 28332: 28329: 28328: 28326: 28324: 28320: 28312: 28309: 28308: 28307: 28304: 28302: 28299: 28297: 28294: 28292: 28289: 28287: 28284: 28282: 28279: 28277: 28274: 28272: 28269: 28265: 28262: 28261: 28260: 28257: 28253: 28250: 28249: 28248: 28245: 28244: 28242: 28240: 28236: 28233: 28231: 28225: 28220: 28216: 28206: 28203: 28201: 28198: 28194: 28191: 28189: 28186: 28184: 28181: 28179: 28176: 28174: 28171: 28169: 28166: 28164: 28161: 28160: 28159: 28156: 28155: 28153: 28151: 28147: 28141: 28138: 28134: 28131: 28129: 28126: 28124: 28121: 28119: 28116: 28115: 28114: 28111: 28109: 28106: 28102: 28099: 28098: 28097: 28094: 28093: 28091: 28089: 28085: 28079: 28078:U.S. attorney 28076: 28074: 28071: 28067: 28064: 28062: 28059: 28058: 28057: 28053: 28050: 28046: 28043: 28042: 28041: 28038: 28034: 28031: 28029: 28026: 28024: 28023:Chief Justice 28021: 28020: 28019: 28018:Supreme Court 28016: 28015: 28013: 28011: 28007: 28001: 27998: 27996: 27993: 27991: 27988: 27986: 27983: 27981: 27978: 27974: 27971: 27969: 27966: 27964: 27961: 27960: 27959: 27956: 27952: 27949: 27947: 27944: 27943: 27942: 27939: 27938: 27936: 27934: 27930: 27924: 27923:Public policy 27921: 27919: 27918:Civil service 27916: 27914: 27911: 27907: 27904: 27902: 27899: 27897: 27894: 27892: 27889: 27887: 27884: 27882: 27879: 27877: 27874: 27872: 27869: 27867: 27864: 27863: 27862: 27859: 27855: 27852: 27850: 27847: 27845: 27842: 27840: 27837: 27836: 27835: 27832: 27830: 27827: 27825: 27822: 27820: 27817: 27815: 27812: 27808: 27805: 27803: 27800: 27799: 27798: 27795: 27794: 27792: 27788: 27785: 27783: 27779: 27775: 27772: 27770: 27766: 27756: 27753: 27751: 27748: 27746: 27743: 27739: 27736: 27734: 27731: 27729: 27726: 27724: 27721: 27719: 27716: 27714: 27711: 27709: 27706: 27704: 27701: 27700: 27699: 27695: 27691: 27688: 27686: 27683: 27681: 27678: 27676: 27673: 27671: 27668: 27666: 27663: 27661: 27658: 27656: 27653: 27651: 27648: 27646: 27643: 27641: 27638: 27636: 27633: 27631: 27628: 27626: 27623: 27621: 27618: 27616: 27613: 27611: 27608: 27607: 27606: 27603: 27599: 27596: 27595: 27594: 27591: 27587: 27586:Sierra Nevada 27584: 27582: 27579: 27577: 27574: 27572: 27569: 27567: 27564: 27563: 27562: 27559: 27557: 27554: 27552: 27549: 27547: 27544: 27540: 27537: 27535: 27532: 27530: 27527: 27525: 27524:insular zones 27522: 27520: 27517: 27515: 27512: 27510: 27507: 27505: 27502: 27500: 27497: 27496: 27495: 27492: 27491: 27488: 27485: 27483: 27479: 27469: 27466: 27464: 27461: 27459: 27456: 27454: 27451: 27449: 27446: 27444: 27441: 27439: 27436: 27434: 27431: 27430: 27428: 27424: 27418: 27415: 27413: 27410: 27406: 27403: 27401: 27398: 27397: 27396: 27395:War on Terror 27393: 27391: 27388: 27386: 27383: 27381: 27378: 27376: 27375:LGBT Movement 27373: 27371: 27368: 27366: 27363: 27361: 27358: 27356: 27353: 27351: 27348: 27344: 27341: 27340: 27339: 27336: 27334: 27331: 27329: 27326: 27324: 27321: 27319: 27316: 27314: 27311: 27307: 27304: 27302: 27299: 27297: 27294: 27293: 27291: 27289: 27286: 27284: 27281: 27279: 27276: 27274: 27271: 27269: 27266: 27264: 27261: 27259: 27256: 27254: 27251: 27249: 27246: 27244: 27241: 27239: 27236: 27232: 27229: 27227: 27224: 27223: 27222: 27219: 27217: 27214: 27210: 27207: 27205: 27202: 27201: 27200: 27197: 27193: 27190: 27188: 27185: 27184: 27183: 27180: 27178: 27175: 27173: 27170: 27168: 27165: 27161: 27158: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27141: 27138: 27136: 27133: 27131: 27128: 27127: 27126: 27123: 27121: 27118: 27117: 27115: 27111: 27105: 27102: 27100: 27097: 27095: 27092: 27090: 27087: 27085: 27082: 27080: 27077: 27075: 27072: 27070: 27067: 27065: 27062: 27060: 27057: 27055: 27052: 27051: 27049: 27045: 27042: 27040: 27036: 27031: 27030:United States 27024: 27019: 27017: 27012: 27010: 27005: 27004: 27001: 26989: 26985: 26981: 26979: 26971: 26969: 26966: 26964: 26963:List of years 26961: 26960: 26957: 26943: 26935: 26933: 26932:Urban history 26930: 26929: 26927: 26923: 26917: 26914: 26912: 26911:Palmyra Atoll 26909: 26907: 26904: 26902: 26899: 26897: 26894: 26892: 26889: 26887: 26886:Jarvis Island 26884: 26882: 26879: 26877: 26874: 26873: 26871: 26867: 26861: 26858: 26856: 26853: 26851: 26848: 26846: 26843: 26841: 26838: 26837: 26835: 26833:Insular areas 26831: 26827: 26823: 26819: 26813: 26810: 26808: 26805: 26803: 26802:West Virginia 26800: 26798: 26795: 26793: 26790: 26788: 26785: 26783: 26780: 26778: 26775: 26773: 26770: 26768: 26765: 26763: 26760: 26758: 26755: 26753: 26750: 26748: 26745: 26743: 26740: 26738: 26735: 26733: 26730: 26728: 26725: 26723: 26720: 26718: 26715: 26713: 26710: 26708: 26707:New Hampshire 26705: 26703: 26700: 26698: 26695: 26693: 26690: 26688: 26685: 26683: 26680: 26678: 26675: 26673: 26670: 26668: 26667:Massachusetts 26665: 26663: 26660: 26658: 26655: 26653: 26650: 26648: 26645: 26643: 26640: 26638: 26635: 26633: 26630: 26628: 26625: 26623: 26620: 26618: 26615: 26613: 26610: 26608: 26605: 26603: 26600: 26598: 26595: 26593: 26590: 26588: 26585: 26583: 26580: 26578: 26575: 26573: 26570: 26568: 26565: 26564: 26562: 26558: 26552: 26549: 26547: 26544: 26542: 26539: 26538: 26536: 26532: 26526: 26523: 26521: 26518: 26516: 26513: 26511: 26508: 26506: 26503: 26502: 26500: 26498: 26494: 26490: 26483: 26479: 26467: 26464: 26462: 26459: 26457: 26454: 26453: 26452: 26451: 26447: 26445: 26444: 26440: 26436: 26433: 26431: 26428: 26427: 26426: 26425: 26421: 26417: 26414: 26412: 26409: 26407: 26404: 26402: 26399: 26397: 26394: 26392: 26389: 26388: 26387: 26386: 26382: 26380: 26379: 26375: 26371: 26368: 26367: 26366: 26365: 26361: 26357: 26354: 26352: 26349: 26347: 26344: 26342: 26339: 26337: 26334: 26332: 26329: 26327: 26324: 26322: 26319: 26317: 26314: 26313: 26312: 26311: 26307: 26303: 26300: 26298: 26297:Thai American 26295: 26293: 26290: 26288: 26285: 26283: 26280: 26278: 26275: 26273: 26270: 26269: 26268: 26267: 26263: 26261: 26260: 26256: 26255: 26252: 26245: 26241: 26229: 26226: 26224: 26221: 26219: 26216: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26205: 26204: 26203: 26199: 26195: 26192: 26191: 26190: 26189: 26185: 26183: 26182: 26178: 26176: 26175: 26171: 26167: 26164: 26162: 26159: 26157: 26154: 26152: 26149: 26147: 26144: 26142: 26139: 26138: 26137: 26136: 26135:Party Systems 26132: 26128: 26125: 26123: 26120: 26118: 26115: 26113: 26110: 26108: 26105: 26103: 26100: 26099: 26098: 26097: 26093: 26091: 26090: 26086: 26084: 26083: 26079: 26075: 26074:Voting rights 26072: 26070: 26067: 26065: 26062: 26060: 26057: 26055: 26052: 26050: 26047: 26045: 26042: 26040: 26037: 26035: 26032: 26030: 26027: 26025: 26022: 26020: 26017: 26016: 26015: 26014: 26010: 26008: 26007: 26003: 25999: 25996: 25995: 25994: 25993: 25989: 25985: 25982: 25981: 25980: 25979: 25975: 25971: 25968: 25967: 25966: 25965: 25961: 25957: 25954: 25952: 25949: 25947: 25944: 25942: 25939: 25938: 25937: 25936: 25932: 25930: 25929: 25925: 25923: 25922: 25918: 25917: 25914: 25907: 25903: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25878: 25874: 25872: 25869: 25867: 25864: 25862: 25859: 25855: 25852: 25851: 25850: 25847: 25845: 25842: 25840: 25839: 25835: 25833: 25830: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25818: 25816: 25813: 25811: 25808: 25806: 25803: 25801: 25798: 25796: 25793: 25791: 25788: 25787: 25786: 25783: 25781: 25778: 25777: 25775: 25773: 25769: 25763: 25760: 25758: 25755: 25753: 25750: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25737: 25736: 25735:War on terror 25733: 25731: 25728: 25726: 25725: 25721: 25719: 25716: 25714: 25711: 25709: 25706: 25704: 25701: 25699: 25696: 25694: 25691: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25680: 25678: 25676: 25672: 25666: 25663: 25661: 25658: 25656: 25653: 25649: 25646: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25636: 25635: 25634: 25633:Late Cold War 25631: 25629: 25626: 25622: 25619: 25617: 25614: 25613: 25612: 25609: 25608: 25606: 25604: 25600: 25594: 25591: 25589: 25586: 25584: 25581: 25577: 25574: 25573: 25572: 25569: 25567: 25564: 25562: 25559: 25557: 25554: 25550: 25547: 25545: 25542: 25540: 25537: 25536: 25535: 25532: 25528: 25525: 25523: 25520: 25519: 25518: 25515: 25513: 25512:Great Society 25510: 25509: 25507: 25505: 25501: 25495: 25492: 25488: 25485: 25484: 25483: 25480: 25478: 25475: 25473: 25470: 25468: 25467:Post-war boom 25465: 25461: 25458: 25456: 25453: 25451: 25448: 25446: 25443: 25442: 25441: 25438: 25434: 25431: 25430: 25429: 25426: 25424: 25421: 25420: 25418: 25416: 25412: 25402: 25399: 25398: 25397: 25394: 25392: 25389: 25387: 25384: 25383: 25382: 25379: 25375: 25372: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25361: 25360: 25357: 25353: 25350: 25348: 25345: 25343: 25340: 25338: 25335: 25333: 25330: 25328: 25325: 25324: 25323: 25320: 25318: 25315: 25311: 25308: 25307: 25306: 25303: 25302: 25300: 25298: 25294: 25288: 25285: 25281: 25278: 25276: 25273: 25271: 25268: 25266: 25263: 25262: 25261: 25258: 25254: 25251: 25249: 25246: 25244: 25241: 25239: 25236: 25234: 25231: 25229: 25226: 25225: 25224: 25221: 25219: 25216: 25212: 25209: 25207: 25204: 25202: 25199: 25197: 25194: 25192: 25189: 25188: 25187: 25184: 25183: 25181: 25179: 25175: 25167: 25164: 25162: 25159: 25158: 25157: 25154: 25150: 25147: 25145: 25142: 25140: 25137: 25133: 25130: 25129: 25128: 25125: 25123: 25120: 25118: 25115: 25114: 25113: 25110: 25108: 25105: 25103: 25100: 25099: 25097: 25095: 25091: 25085: 25082: 25080: 25077: 25073: 25070: 25068: 25065: 25063: 25060: 25058: 25055: 25053: 25050: 25048: 25045: 25044: 25043: 25040: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25028: 25027: 25026: 25023: 25022: 25020: 25018: 25014: 25006: 25003: 25001: 24998: 24997: 24996: 24993: 24989: 24986: 24984: 24981: 24980: 24979: 24976: 24974: 24971: 24970: 24968: 24966: 24962: 24954: 24951: 24949: 24946: 24944: 24941: 24939: 24936: 24934: 24931: 24928: 24927: 24926: 24923: 24919: 24916: 24914: 24911: 24909: 24906: 24904: 24901: 24899: 24896: 24895: 24894: 24891: 24890: 24888: 24886: 24882: 24874: 24871: 24869: 24866: 24864: 24861: 24859: 24856: 24854: 24851: 24849: 24846: 24844: 24841: 24839: 24836: 24834: 24831: 24829: 24826: 24824: 24821: 24820: 24819: 24816: 24814: 24811: 24809: 24806: 24804: 24801: 24799: 24796: 24794: 24791: 24789: 24786: 24784: 24781: 24779: 24776: 24774: 24771: 24769: 24766: 24764: 24761: 24759: 24756: 24755: 24753: 24751: 24747: 24741: 24740: 24736: 24734: 24733: 24729: 24728: 24726: 24722: 24718: 24711: 24707: 24701: 24698: 24696: 24693: 24692: 24689: 24685: 24678: 24673: 24671: 24666: 24664: 24659: 24658: 24655: 24642: 24639: 24636: 24633: 24630: 24627: 24624: 24621: 24618: 24615: 24612: 24609: 24606: 24603: 24600: 24597: 24594: 24591: 24588: 24585: 24582: 24579: 24576: 24573: 24570: 24567: 24564: 24561: 24558: 24555: 24552: 24549: 24546: 24543: 24540: 24537: 24534: 24531: 24528: 24525: 24522: 24519: 24516: 24515:Ikhwan revolt 24513: 24510: 24507: 24504: 24501: 24498: 24495: 24492: 24489: 24486: 24483: 24480: 24477: 24474: 24471: 24468: 24465: 24462: 24459: 24456: 24453: 24450: 24447: 24444: 24441: 24438: 24435: 24432: 24429: 24426: 24423: 24420: 24417: 24414: 24411: 24408: 24405: 24402: 24399: 24398: 24396: 24390: 24383: 24380: 24377: 24374: 24371: 24368: 24365: 24362: 24359: 24356: 24353: 24350: 24347: 24344: 24341: 24338: 24335: 24332: 24329: 24326: 24323: 24320: 24317: 24314: 24311: 24308: 24305: 24302: 24299: 24296: 24293: 24290: 24287: 24284: 24281: 24278: 24275: 24272: 24269: 24266: 24263: 24260: 24257: 24254: 24251: 24248: 24245: 24242: 24239: 24236: 24233: 24230: 24227: 24224: 24221: 24218: 24215: 24212: 24209: 24206: 24203: 24200: 24197: 24194: 24191: 24188: 24185: 24182: 24179: 24176: 24173: 24170: 24167: 24164: 24161: 24158: 24155: 24152: 24149: 24146: 24143: 24140: 24137: 24134: 24131: 24128: 24125: 24122: 24119: 24116: 24113: 24110: 24107: 24104: 24101: 24098: 24095: 24092: 24089: 24086: 24083: 24080: 24077: 24074: 24071: 24068: 24065: 24062: 24059: 24056: 24053: 24050: 24047: 24044: 24041: 24038: 24035: 24032: 24029: 24026: 24023: 24020: 24017: 24014: 24011: 24008: 24005: 24002: 23999: 23996: 23993: 23990: 23987: 23984: 23981: 23978: 23975: 23972: 23969: 23966: 23963: 23962:Spice Islands 23960: 23957: 23954: 23951: 23948: 23945: 23942: 23939: 23936: 23933: 23930: 23927: 23924: 23921: 23920:Santo Domingo 23918: 23915: 23912: 23909: 23906: 23903: 23900: 23897: 23894: 23891: 23888: 23885: 23882: 23879: 23876: 23873: 23870: 23869: 23867: 23861: 23854: 23851: 23848: 23845: 23842: 23839: 23836: 23833: 23830: 23827: 23824: 23821: 23818: 23815: 23812: 23809: 23806: 23803: 23800: 23797: 23794: 23791: 23788: 23785: 23782: 23779: 23776: 23773: 23770: 23767: 23764: 23761: 23758: 23755: 23752: 23749: 23746: 23743: 23740: 23737: 23734: 23731: 23728: 23725: 23722: 23719: 23716: 23713: 23710: 23709:Pontiac's War 23707: 23704: 23701: 23698: 23695: 23692: 23689: 23686: 23683: 23680: 23677: 23674: 23671: 23668: 23665: 23662: 23661:Carnatic Wars 23659: 23656: 23653: 23650: 23647: 23644: 23641: 23638: 23635: 23632: 23631:Tuscarora War 23629: 23626: 23623: 23622: 23620: 23614: 23607: 23604: 23601: 23598: 23595: 23592: 23589: 23586: 23583: 23580: 23577: 23574: 23571: 23568: 23565: 23562: 23559: 23556: 23553: 23550: 23547: 23544: 23541: 23538: 23535: 23532: 23529: 23526: 23523: 23520: 23517: 23514: 23511: 23508: 23505: 23502: 23499: 23496: 23493: 23490: 23487: 23484: 23483: 23481: 23475: 23471: 23467: 23459: 23454: 23452: 23447: 23445: 23440: 23439: 23436: 23424: 23421: 23419: 23418:War on terror 23416: 23414: 23411: 23409: 23406: 23404: 23401: 23399: 23396: 23394: 23391: 23389: 23386: 23384: 23381: 23379: 23376: 23374: 23371: 23369: 23366: 23364: 23361: 23359: 23356: 23355: 23353: 23349: 23343: 23340: 23336: 23333: 23331: 23328: 23326: 23323: 23321: 23318: 23317: 23316: 23313: 23311: 23308: 23306: 23303: 23301: 23298: 23296: 23293: 23291: 23288: 23286: 23283: 23281: 23278: 23276: 23273: 23271: 23268: 23266: 23263: 23261: 23258: 23256: 23253: 23251: 23248: 23246: 23243: 23241: 23238: 23236: 23233: 23231: 23228: 23226: 23223: 23221: 23218: 23216: 23213: 23211: 23208: 23206: 23203: 23201: 23198: 23196: 23193: 23191: 23188: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23173: 23171: 23168: 23166: 23163: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23151: 23148: 23146: 23143: 23141: 23138: 23136: 23133: 23131: 23128: 23126: 23123: 23121: 23118: 23117: 23115: 23111: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23095: 23092: 23090: 23087: 23085: 23082: 23080: 23077: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23062: 23060: 23057: 23055: 23052: 23050: 23047: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23037: 23035: 23032: 23030: 23027: 23025: 23022: 23020: 23017: 23015: 23012: 23010: 23007: 23005: 23002: 23000: 22997: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22967: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22957: 22956: 22954: 22950: 22943: 22934: 22929: 22927: 22922: 22920: 22915: 22914: 22911: 22899: 22896: 22894: 22891: 22890: 22888: 22884: 22877: 22876: 22872: 22871: 22869: 22865: 22859: 22856: 22854: 22851: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22835: 22833: 22829: 22817: 22814: 22812: 22809: 22807: 22804: 22802: 22799: 22797: 22794: 22793: 22791: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22758: 22756: 22755: 22753: 22749: 22743: 22740: 22736: 22733: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22722: 22720: 22718: 22715: 22714: 22712: 22708: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22688: 22686: 22682: 22676: 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22640:New Hampshire 22638: 22636: 22635:Massachusetts 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22612: 22610: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22597: 22593: 22588: 22584: 22580: 22572: 22567: 22565: 22560: 22558: 22553: 22552: 22549: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22517: 22514: 22512: 22509: 22507: 22504: 22502: 22499: 22497: 22494: 22492: 22489: 22487: 22484: 22482: 22479: 22477: 22474: 22472: 22469: 22467: 22464: 22462: 22459: 22457: 22454: 22452: 22451:Patriots' Day 22449: 22447: 22444: 22442: 22439: 22437: 22434: 22432: 22429: 22428: 22427: 22426:Commemoration 22424: 22422: 22419: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22407: 22404: 22402: 22399: 22397: 22394: 22392: 22389: 22387: 22384: 22382: 22379: 22378: 22376: 22372: 22366: 22365:Yankee Doodle 22363: 22361: 22358: 22356: 22353: 22351: 22348: 22347: 22345: 22341: 22335: 22334: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22323: 22321: 22317: 22313: 22306: 22305: 22302: 22298: 22288: 22285: 22283: 22280: 22278: 22275: 22273: 22270: 22268: 22267: 22263: 22261: 22258: 22256: 22253: 22251: 22248: 22246: 22243: 22241: 22238: 22237: 22234: 22227: 22223: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22194:de Rochambeau 22192: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22182: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22172: 22170: 22167: 22165: 22162: 22161: 22159: 22155: 22152: 22148: 22138: 22135: 22133: 22130: 22128: 22125: 22123: 22120: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22100: 22098: 22095: 22093: 22090: 22088: 22085: 22083: 22080: 22078: 22075: 22073: 22070: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22049: 22047: 22043: 22037: 22034: 22032: 22029: 22027: 22024: 22022: 22019: 22017: 22014: 22012: 22009: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21999: 21997: 21994: 21992: 21989: 21987: 21984: 21982: 21979: 21977: 21974: 21972: 21969: 21967: 21964: 21962: 21959: 21957: 21954: 21952: 21949: 21947: 21944: 21942: 21939: 21937: 21934: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21924: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21902: 21899: 21897: 21894: 21893: 21891: 21887: 21884: 21880: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21835: 21832: 21831: 21829: 21825: 21819: 21816: 21814: 21811: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21794: 21791: 21789: 21786: 21784: 21781: 21779: 21776: 21774: 21771: 21769: 21766: 21764: 21761: 21759: 21756: 21754: 21751: 21750: 21748: 21744: 21741: 21737: 21733: 21726: 21722: 21704: 21701: 21699: 21696: 21694: 21691: 21689: 21686: 21685: 21683: 21679: 21673: 21670: 21668: 21665: 21663: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21653: 21650: 21648: 21645: 21643: 21640: 21638: 21637:New Hampshire 21635: 21633: 21632:Massachusetts 21630: 21628: 21625: 21623: 21620: 21618: 21615: 21613: 21610: 21609: 21607: 21605: 21601: 21598: 21587: 21581: 21578: 21576: 21573: 21571: 21568: 21567: 21565: 21561: 21555: 21552: 21550: 21547: 21545: 21542: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21527: 21525: 21522: 21520: 21517: 21515: 21512: 21510: 21507: 21505: 21502: 21500: 21497: 21496: 21494: 21490: 21484: 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21399: 21396: 21394: 21391: 21389: 21386: 21384: 21381: 21379: 21376: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21354: 21351: 21349: 21346: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21334: 21331: 21329: 21326: 21324: 21321: 21319: 21316: 21314: 21311: 21309: 21306: 21304: 21301: 21300: 21298: 21296: 21291: 21285: 21284:Naval battles 21282: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21272: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21262: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21252: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21232: 21230: 21227: 21226: 21224: 21219:Campaigns and 21216: 21206: 21203: 21201: 21198: 21194: 21191: 21189: 21186: 21184: 21181: 21180: 21179: 21176: 21175: 21173: 21169: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21150: 21148: 21145: 21144: 21142: 21140: 21136: 21130: 21127: 21125: 21122: 21120: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21111: 21109: 21107: 21103: 21099: 21096: 21092: 21088: 21081: 21078: 21075: 21072: 21069: 21066: 21065: 21062: 21058: 21044: 21041: 21039: 21036: 21034: 21031: 21029: 21026: 21024: 21023:Gaspee affair 21021: 21019: 21016: 21014: 21011: 21009: 21006: 21004: 21001: 21000: 20998: 20994: 20988: 20985: 20983: 20979: 20976: 20974: 20971: 20969: 20966: 20964: 20961: 20959: 20956: 20954: 20951: 20949: 20946: 20944: 20941: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20931: 20929: 20926: 20924: 20921: 20919: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20898: 20894: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20884: 20882: 20879: 20877: 20874: 20872: 20869: 20867: 20864: 20862: 20859: 20857: 20854: 20852: 20849: 20847: 20844: 20843: 20841: 20837: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20785: 20782: 20780: 20777: 20775: 20772: 20770: 20767: 20765: 20762: 20760: 20757: 20755: 20752: 20750: 20747: 20746: 20744: 20736: 20730: 20727: 20725: 20722: 20720: 20717: 20715: 20712: 20710: 20707: 20705: 20702: 20700: 20697: 20695: 20692: 20690: 20687: 20685: 20682: 20680: 20679:Bute ministry 20677: 20675: 20672: 20671: 20669: 20665: 20659: 20656: 20654: 20651: 20648: 20644: 20641: 20637: 20634: 20630: 20628: 20627:Spirit of '76 20625: 20623: 20622: 20618: 20616: 20613: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20601: 20600:Republicanism 20598: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20578: 20577: 20575: 20571: 20567: 20563: 20557: 20553: 20549: 20542: 20537: 20535: 20530: 20528: 20523: 20522: 20519: 20513: 20509: 20505: 20502: 20499: 20498: 20494: 20490: 20475: 20430: 20427: 20425: 20421: 20418: 20416: 20413: 20412: 20403: 20402: 20397: 20393: 20389: 20388: 20387: 20385: 20381: 20377: 20373: 20359: 20355: 20352: 20348: 20345: 20343: 20337: 20333: 20328: 20324: 20318: 20314: 20313: 20308: 20304: 20301: 20297: 20293: 20289: 20285: 20281: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20263: 20259: 20258: 20253: 20249: 20246: 20242: 20238: 20234: 20230: 20226: 20222: 20217: 20212: 20208: 20204: 20203: 20198: 20194: 20190: 20184: 20180: 20179: 20173: 20161: 20156: 20153: 20150: 20146: 20142: 20136: 20132: 20131: 20125: 20121: 20120: 20115: 20111: 20099: 20094: 20090: 20084: 20080: 20079: 20073: 20070: 20066: 20063: 20059: 20055: 20051: 20045: 20041: 20040: 20034: 20030: 20024: 20020: 20019: 20013: 20009: 20008: 20002: 19998: 19992: 19988: 19984: 19979: 19975: 19969: 19965: 19964: 19958: 19955: 19951: 19950: 19944: 19932: 19928: 19923: 19919: 19915: 19911: 19910: 19904: 19900: 19894: 19890: 19889: 19883: 19879: 19878: 19873: 19872:Ramsay, David 19869: 19865: 19864: 19858: 19854: 19850: 19846: 19845: 19839: 19828: 19823: 19820: 19816: 19815: 19809: 19807: 19803: 19799: 19795: 19792: 19780: 19775: 19771: 19765: 19761: 19760: 19754: 19750: 19744: 19740: 19739: 19733: 19729: 19723: 19719: 19718: 19712: 19708: 19704: 19700: 19696: 19692: 19688: 19687: 19682: 19677: 19665: 19661: 19656: 19653: 19649: 19645: 19644: 19638: 19627: 19623: 19618: 19614: 19608: 19604: 19600: 19599: 19593: 19589: 19583: 19579: 19578: 19572: 19569: 19565: 19559: 19555: 19550: 19547: 19543: 19539: 19535: 19531: 19525: 19521: 19520: 19514: 19510: 19504: 19500: 19499: 19493: 19489: 19483: 19479: 19478: 19472: 19468: 19464: 19460: 19456: 19452: 19448: 19443: 19439: 19435: 19431: 19427: 19423: 19419: 19414: 19410: 19406: 19402: 19398: 19393: 19389: 19385: 19381: 19380: 19374: 19370: 19364: 19360: 19355: 19351: 19347: 19343: 19339: 19335: 19331: 19327: 19323: 19318: 19314: 19308: 19304: 19303: 19297: 19293: 19287: 19283: 19278: 19274: 19268: 19264: 19259: 19255: 19249: 19245: 19244: 19238: 19234: 19228: 19224: 19223: 19217: 19213: 19212: 19206: 19203: 19200:to enter the 19199: 19195: 19194: 19189: 19185: 19181: 19178: 19174: 19168: 19164: 19159: 19155: 19149: 19145: 19144: 19139: 19135: 19131: 19130: 19124: 19120: 19114: 19110: 19109: 19103: 19099: 19095: 19091: 19087: 19082: 19079: 19075: 19074: 19068: 19065: 19061: 19060: 19054: 19051: 19047: 19043: 19039: 19037: 19033: 19029: 19025: 19022: 19018: 19017: 19011: 19007: 19001: 18997: 18996: 18990: 18986: 18980: 18976: 18971: 18968: 18964: 18960: 18954: 18950: 18945: 18941: 18935: 18931: 18930: 18924: 18920: 18916: 18912: 18908: 18904: 18899: 18895: 18894: 18889: 18885: 18882: 18878: 18877: 18871: 18868: 18864: 18862: 18858: 18854: 18850: 18843: 18840:(1854–1878). 18839: 18835: 18833: 18829: 18825: 18824: 18822: 18818: 18814: 18799: 18794: 18790: 18786: 18781: 18769: 18764: 18752: 18747: 18735: 18730: 18727: 18720:September 16, 18716: 18712: 18707: 18695: 18690: 18678: 18672: 18660: 18656: 18652: 18647: 18636: 18632: 18627: 18626: 18622: 18621: 18613: 18606: 18601: 18600: 18595: 18589: 18585: 18584: 18578: 18574: 18568: 18564: 18563: 18557: 18553: 18547: 18543: 18542: 18537: 18533: 18530: 18524: 18518: 18514: 18513: 18507: 18503: 18499: 18495: 18489: 18485: 18484: 18478: 18474: 18468: 18464: 18459: 18455: 18450: 18446: 18440: 18436: 18435: 18429: 18425: 18419: 18415: 18410: 18398: 18394: 18388: 18384: 18383: 18377: 18374: 18370: 18369: 18363: 18359: 18353: 18349: 18348: 18342: 18339: 18335: 18329: 18325: 18324: 18318: 18315: 18311: 18310: 18304: 18300: 18288: 18281: 18269: 18268: 18262: 18258: 18252: 18248: 18247: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18228: 18224: 18223: 18217: 18216: 18211: 18207: 18203: 18199: 18195: 18191: 18186: 18185: 18180: 18176: 18171: 18166: 18163: 18159: 18155: 18151: 18146: 18143: 18139: 18134: 18133: 18128: 18122: 18118: 18117: 18111: 18107: 18106: 18100: 18097: 18093: 18092: 18087: 18083: 18076:September 29, 18072: 18067: 18055: 18050: 18046: 18040: 18036: 18035: 18029: 18025: 18019: 18015: 18014: 18009: 18005: 18001: 17995: 17991: 17990: 17984: 17980: 17979: 17973: 17969: 17963: 17958: 17957: 17950: 17946: 17940: 17936: 17935: 17929: 17925: 17919: 17915: 17914: 17908: 17904: 17898: 17894: 17893: 17887: 17883: 17882: 17876: 17872: 17871: 17865: 17861: 17857: 17853: 17847: 17842: 17841: 17834: 17830: 17829: 17823: 17819: 17818: 17812: 17808: 17807: 17801: 17797: 17791: 17787: 17786: 17780: 17776: 17770: 17766: 17765: 17759: 17755: 17749: 17745: 17744: 17738: 17734: 17728: 17724: 17720: 17715: 17714: 17708: 17704: 17700: 17694: 17690: 17689: 17683: 17679: 17673: 17669: 17664: 17660: 17659: 17653: 17641: 17636: 17632: 17626: 17622: 17621: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17603: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17587: 17583: 17578: 17574: 17570: 17566: 17562: 17558: 17554: 17549: 17545: 17539: 17535: 17534: 17528: 17524: 17520: 17516: 17515: 17509: 17505: 17499: 17495: 17494: 17488: 17487: 17482: 17478: 17474: 17468: 17464: 17463: 17457: 17453: 17447: 17443: 17442: 17436: 17432: 17426: 17422: 17421: 17415: 17411: 17405: 17401: 17400: 17394: 17382: 17378: 17374: 17369: 17365: 17361: 17357: 17353: 17349: 17345: 17340: 17336: 17335: 17329: 17322:September 23, 17317: 17313: 17308: 17304: 17303: 17297: 17293: 17287: 17283: 17282: 17276: 17272: 17266: 17258: 17257: 17251: 17247: 17241: 17237: 17236: 17230: 17226: 17222: 17217: 17213: 17207: 17204:. Routledge. 17203: 17202: 17196: 17192: 17186: 17181: 17180: 17173: 17169: 17163: 17159: 17158: 17152: 17148: 17142: 17138: 17137: 17131: 17119: 17115: 17111: 17107: 17102: 17098: 17092: 17088: 17087: 17081: 17080: 17075: 17071: 17067: 17063: 17059: 17055: 17050: 17043: 17039: 17035: 17028: 17023: 17019: 17013: 17009: 17008: 17002: 16998: 16992: 16988: 16987: 16981: 16977: 16971: 16967: 16966: 16960: 16953: 16946: 16945: 16939: 16936: 16932: 16931: 16925: 16921: 16915: 16911: 16910: 16904: 16901: 16897: 16896: 16890: 16886: 16880: 16876: 16875: 16869: 16865: 16859: 16855: 16854: 16848: 16844: 16838: 16834: 16833: 16827: 16823: 16817: 16813: 16812: 16806: 16802: 16798: 16794: 16790: 16786: 16782: 16778: 16774: 16769: 16765: 16759: 16755: 16754: 16748: 16744: 16740: 16736: 16732: 16728: 16724: 16719: 16708: 16702: 16698: 16697: 16691: 16690: 16685: 16679: 16675: 16670: 16666: 16660: 16656: 16655: 16649: 16645: 16639: 16635: 16630: 16627: 16623: 16617: 16613: 16612: 16606: 16602: 16596: 16592: 16591: 16585: 16584: 16579: 16578: 16572: 16568: 16562: 16558: 16557: 16551: 16548: 16544: 16538: 16534: 16533: 16527: 16523: 16517: 16513: 16512: 16506: 16502: 16496: 16492: 16491: 16485: 16481: 16475: 16471: 16470: 16464: 16461: 16457: 16451: 16447: 16446: 16440: 16436: 16435: 16429: 16425: 16421: 16416: 16412: 16406: 16402: 16401: 16395: 16391: 16390: 16381: 16377: 16373: 16369: 16365: 16361: 16357: 16353: 16348: 16344: 16338: 16334: 16333: 16328: 16324: 16320: 16314: 16310: 16309: 16303: 16299: 16298: 16292: 16288: 16282: 16278: 16277: 16272: 16268: 16264: 16263: 16257: 16253: 16247: 16243: 16242: 16236: 16232: 16228: 16224: 16220: 16215: 16211: 16205: 16201: 16200: 16195: 16191: 16187: 16181: 16177: 16176: 16170: 16166: 16162: 16158: 16157: 16151: 16147: 16146: 16141: 16137: 16132: 16126: 16122: 16121: 16115: 16114: 16109: 16103: 16099: 16098: 16092: 16088: 16087: 16081: 16076: 16072: 16066: 16062: 16061: 16055: 16051: 16045: 16041: 16040: 16035: 16031: 16027: 16021: 16017: 16016: 16010: 16006: 16005: 15999: 15995: 15994: 15988: 15984: 15978: 15974: 15969: 15965: 15959: 15955: 15954: 15948: 15944: 15938: 15934: 15933: 15927: 15923: 15919: 15915: 15914: 15908: 15904: 15900: 15896: 15891: 15890: 15885: 15879: 15875: 15874: 15868: 15864: 15858: 15854: 15853: 15847: 15842: 15836: 15832: 15831: 15825: 15821: 15815: 15811: 15810: 15804: 15800: 15794: 15790: 15789: 15783: 15779: 15773: 15770:. Macmillan. 15769: 15768: 15762: 15758: 15752: 15748: 15747: 15742: 15738: 15734: 15728: 15724: 15723: 15717: 15713: 15707: 15703: 15702: 15696: 15692: 15691: 15685: 15679: 15675: 15669: 15665: 15664: 15658: 15654: 15650: 15646: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15629: 15625: 15619: 15615: 15614: 15608: 15607: 15602: 15596: 15592: 15591: 15585: 15581: 15580: 15574: 15570: 15564: 15560: 15559: 15554: 15550: 15546: 15540: 15536: 15535: 15529: 15525: 15519: 15515: 15514: 15508: 15504: 15498: 15494: 15493: 15487: 15486: 15482: 15478: 15474: 15469: 15465: 15459: 15455: 15454: 15448: 15447: 15442: 15438: 15434: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15416: 15412: 15408: 15403: 15399: 15393: 15389: 15384: 15373: 15369: 15364: 15360: 15354: 15350: 15349: 15343: 15339: 15333: 15329: 15328: 15322: 15318: 15312: 15308: 15307: 15301: 15297: 15291: 15287: 15286: 15280: 15276: 15270: 15266: 15265: 15260: 15256: 15252: 15246: 15242: 15241: 15235: 15231: 15225: 15221: 15220: 15214: 15211: 15207: 15201: 15197: 15196: 15190: 15186: 15185: 15179: 15175: 15169: 15165: 15164: 15158: 15154: 15148: 15144: 15143: 15137: 15133: 15129: 15124: 15123: 15110: 15109: 15103: 15099: 15093: 15089: 15088: 15082: 15079: 15075: 15069: 15065: 15064: 15058: 15054: 15053: 15047: 15043: 15037: 15033: 15032: 15026: 15022: 15016: 15012: 15011: 15005: 14990: 14986: 14979: 14974: 14970: 14964: 14960: 14955: 14951: 14945: 14941: 14940: 14934: 14928: 14924: 14918: 14914: 14913: 14907: 14903: 14897: 14893: 14892: 14886: 14885: 14880: 14879: 14873: 14869: 14868: 14862: 14859: 14855: 14849: 14845: 14844: 14838: 14834: 14833: 14827: 14823: 14817: 14813: 14808: 14804: 14798: 14794: 14789: 14785: 14784: 14778: 14774: 14773: 14770: 14766: 14762: 14758: 14752: 14748: 14747: 14741: 14737: 14731: 14727: 14726: 14721: 14717: 14713: 14707: 14703: 14702: 14696: 14692: 14691: 14685: 14681: 14675: 14671: 14670: 14664: 14660: 14654: 14650: 14649: 14643: 14639: 14633: 14629: 14628: 14622: 14618: 14612: 14608: 14607: 14601: 14597: 14596: 14591: 14587: 14586: 14581: 14575: 14571: 14566: 14562: 14561: 14555: 14549: 14545: 14539: 14535: 14534: 14528: 14524: 14518: 14514: 14513: 14508: 14504: 14500: 14494: 14490: 14489: 14483: 14479: 14478: 14472: 14468: 14464: 14460: 14456: 14455: 14449: 14448: 14435: 14430: 14426: 14425: 14419: 14415: 14409: 14405: 14404: 14398: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14380: 14376: 14375: 14369: 14365: 14359: 14356:. Routledge. 14355: 14354: 14348: 14345: 14341: 14340: 14334: 14330: 14329: 14323: 14320: 14309: 14305: 14300: 14288: 14283: 14279: 14273: 14269: 14268: 14262: 14258: 14252: 14248: 14247: 14241: 14238: 14234: 14230: 14226: 14220: 14216: 14215: 14209: 14205: 14204: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14186: 14180: 14176: 14175: 14169: 14165: 14159: 14155: 14154: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14141: 14135: 14131: 14125: 14121: 14120: 14114: 14111: 14107: 14106: 14100: 14096: 14090: 14086: 14085: 14079: 14075: 14069: 14065: 14064: 14058: 14054: 14048: 14044: 14043: 14037: 14033: 14032: 14026: 14022: 14016: 14013:. Routledge. 14012: 14011: 14005: 14001: 13995: 13991: 13990: 13984: 13980: 13974: 13970: 13969: 13963: 13959: 13953: 13950:. UNM Press. 13949: 13948: 13942: 13930: 13925: 13921: 13917: 13913: 13908: 13904: 13898: 13894: 13890: 13889: 13883: 13879: 13873: 13869: 13868: 13862: 13859: 13852:September 21, 13848: 13844: 13839: 13835: 13829: 13825: 13824: 13818: 13814: 13808: 13804: 13803: 13797: 13793: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13776: 13772: 13766: 13762: 13761: 13755: 13752: 13748: 13742: 13738: 13737: 13731: 13719: 13715: 13714: 13708: 13707: 13703: 13699: 13698: 13692: 13688: 13682: 13678: 13677: 13671: 13659: 13655: 13651: 13648:(Fall 2008). 13647: 13643: 13639: 13638: 13632: 13628: 13627: 13621: 13617: 13611: 13607: 13606: 13600: 13596: 13595: 13589: 13585: 13580: 13576: 13572: 13568: 13562: 13558: 13553: 13549: 13543: 13539: 13538: 13532: 13528: 13522: 13518: 13517: 13511: 13507: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13490: 13486: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13467: 13463: 13462: 13456: 13452: 13446: 13442: 13441: 13435: 13423: 13419: 13415: 13411: 13406: 13402: 13396: 13392: 13391: 13385: 13381: 13375: 13371: 13370: 13364: 13360: 13359: 13353: 13346: 13345: 13339: 13335: 13329: 13325: 13324: 13318: 13314: 13313: 13307: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13279: 13275: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13258: 13254: 13248: 13244: 13243: 13237: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13221: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13205: 13200: 13196: 13190: 13186: 13185: 13179: 13175: 13169: 13165: 13164: 13158: 13157: 13152: 13146: 13142: 13141: 13135: 13131: 13125: 13121: 13120: 13114: 13110: 13104: 13100: 13099: 13093: 13089: 13083: 13079: 13078: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13043: 13039: 13033: 13029: 13028: 13022: 13018: 13012: 13008: 13007: 13001: 12997: 12991: 12987: 12986: 12980: 12976: 12970: 12966: 12961: 12957: 12951: 12947: 12946: 12940: 12936: 12935: 12929: 12925: 12924: 12918: 12907: 12903: 12898: 12897: 12894: 12879: 12875: 12869: 12865: 12864: 12856: 12849: 12845: 12840: 12833: 12827: 12819: 12813: 12809: 12808: 12800: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12765: 12758: 12752: 12744: 12740: 12736: 12732: 12725: 12718: 12712: 12704: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12688: 12684: 12680: 12676: 12669: 12662: 12656: 12650: 12646: 12640: 12633: 12628: 12621: 12616: 12609: 12604: 12597: 12592: 12586: , p. 97 12585: 12580: 12573: 12568: 12561: 12556: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12535: 12528: 12523: 12516: 12511: 12504: 12503:NIH GARD 2016 12499: 12492: 12487: 12481:, pp. 203–205 12480: 12475: 12468: 12463: 12456: 12451: 12449: 12441: 12436: 12434: 12426: 12425:Chambers 1999 12421: 12414: 12413:Burrows 2008b 12409: 12402: 12397: 12390: 12385: 12379: , p. 46 12378: 12373: 12371: 12364: , p. 45 12363: 12358: 12349: 12347: 12339: 12334: 12328: , p. 41 12327: 12322: 12320: 12312: 12307: 12300: 12295: 12289:, pp. 557–558 12288: 12283: 12276: 12271: 12264: 12263:Ketchum 2014b 12259: 12252: 12247: 12240: 12235: 12228: 12223: 12216: 12211: 12204: 12203:Cogliano 2003 12199: 12197: 12190:, pp. 531–532 12189: 12184: 12178:, pp. 117–118 12177: 12172: 12165: 12160: 12153: 12148: 12141: 12136: 12130:, pp. 300–313 12129: 12128:Rappleye 2010 12124: 12117: 12112: 12105: 12100: 12093: 12088: 12081: 12080:Whiteley 1996 12076: 12069: 12064: 12057: 12052: 12046:, pp. 354–355 12045: 12040: 12033: 12028: 12026: 12018: 12017:Reid, D. 2017 12013: 12007:, pp. 200–203 12006: 12001: 11995:, pp. 123–126 11994: 11989: 11982: 11981:Ward, H. 1999 11977: 11970: 11965: 11958: 11953: 11946: 11941: 11934: 11929: 11922: 11917: 11910: 11905: 11898: 11893: 11891: 11883: 11878: 11872:, pp. 167–168 11871: 11866: 11859: 11854: 11839: 11835: 11828: 11813: 11812: 11807: 11800: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11766: 11762: 11761: 11756: 11749: 11734: 11733: 11728: 11721: 11719: 11712:, pp. 188–222 11711: 11706: 11700: 11695: 11693: 11685: 11680: 11673: 11672:Dunkerly 2014 11668: 11661: 11656: 11649: 11648:Chernow, 2010 11644: 11637: 11632: 11626:, pp. 548–550 11625: 11620: 11613: 11608: 11606: 11598: 11597:Buchanan 1997 11593: 11586: 11581: 11574: 11569: 11563: , p. 14 11562: 11557: 11550: 11545: 11539: , p. 12 11538: 11533: 11526: 11521: 11514: 11509: 11502: 11497: 11490: 11485: 11478: 11473: 11466: 11461: 11454: 11449: 11443:, pp. 136–143 11442: 11437: 11431:, pp. 143–144 11430: 11425: 11418: 11413: 11407:, pp. 208–209 11406: 11401: 11399: 11392:, pp. 118–119 11391: 11386: 11379: 11374: 11368:, pp. 111–112 11367: 11362: 11355: 11350: 11343: 11338: 11331: 11326: 11319: 11314: 11308:, pp. 208–210 11307: 11306:Ketchum 2014b 11302: 11295: 11290: 11283: 11278: 11271: 11266: 11260:, pp. 160–161 11259: 11254: 11252: 11244: 11239: 11237: 11229: 11224: 11217: 11212: 11206:, pp. 410–412 11205: 11200: 11193: 11192:Ketchum 2014a 11188: 11181: 11176: 11169: 11164: 11157: 11152: 11145: 11140: 11133: 11128: 11121: 11116: 11109: 11104: 11098:, pp. 562–577 11097: 11092: 11085: 11080: 11073: 11068: 11062:, pp. 148–149 11061: 11056: 11049: 11044: 11037: 11032: 11025: 11020: 11013: 11008: 11001: 10996: 10990:, pp. 405–448 10989: 10984: 10977: 10972: 10965: 10960: 10953: 10948: 10941: 10936: 10927: 10925: 10917: 10912: 10905: 10900: 10893: 10888: 10881: 10876: 10869: 10864: 10857: 10852: 10845: 10840: 10833: 10828: 10821: 10816: 10809: 10808:Chernow, 2010 10804: 10795: 10789:, pp. 294–295 10788: 10783: 10776: 10771: 10765: , p. 13 10764: 10759: 10752: 10747: 10740: 10739:Rose, A. 2014 10735: 10728: 10723: 10717:, pp. 365–371 10716: 10711: 10705:, pp. iv, 459 10704: 10699: 10697: 10689: 10684: 10677: 10672: 10670: 10663:, pp. 286–287 10662: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10644: , p. 59 10643: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10626: 10621: 10619: 10612:, pp. 572–573 10611: 10606: 10599: 10594: 10587: 10582: 10580: 10572: 10567: 10561: 10556: 10549: 10544: 10537: 10532: 10525: 10520: 10514:, pp. 378–379 10513: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10493:, pp. 370–372 10492: 10487: 10481:, pp. 534–535 10480: 10475: 10468: 10463: 10456: 10451: 10444: 10439: 10432: 10427: 10420: 10419:Ketchum 2014b 10415: 10408: 10403: 10397:, pp. 293–295 10396: 10391: 10384: 10383:Grainger 2005 10379: 10373:, pp. 526–529 10372: 10367: 10360: 10359:Ketchum 2014b 10355: 10348: 10347:Ketchum 2014b 10343: 10336: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10319: 10314: 10307: 10302: 10295: 10290: 10283: 10282:Hogeland 2017 10278: 10271: 10266: 10259: 10254: 10247: 10242: 10235: 10230: 10223: 10218: 10211: 10206: 10199: 10198:Harrison 2001 10194: 10187: 10182: 10175: 10170: 10163: 10158: 10151: 10146: 10139: 10134: 10128:, pp. 255–277 10127: 10126:Reynolds 2012 10122: 10116:, pp. 234–237 10115: 10110: 10103: 10102:Buchanan 1997 10098: 10096: 10088: 10087:Peterson 1975 10083: 10077:, pp. 238–242 10076: 10071: 10064: 10063:Buchanan 1997 10059: 10053:, pp. 459–461 10052: 10051:Ferling, 2007 10047: 10040: 10039:Buchanan 1997 10035: 10028: 10023: 10016: 10011: 10005:, pp. 101–102 10004: 9999: 9993:, pp. 127–128 9992: 9987: 9980: 9975: 9968: 9963: 9956: 9951: 9949: 9941: 9936: 9929: 9924: 9917: 9912: 9906:, pp. 376–377 9905: 9900: 9894:, pp. 340–342 9893: 9888: 9881: 9876: 9869: 9864: 9858:, pp. 363–380 9857: 9856:Chandler 2017 9852: 9845: 9840: 9825: 9821: 9815: 9800: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9777: 9770: 9765: 9758: 9753: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9730: 9723: 9718: 9711: 9706: 9699: 9694: 9685: 9678: 9673: 9671: 9663: 9658: 9652:, pp. 264–272 9651: 9646: 9639: 9634: 9627: 9622: 9615: 9610: 9603: 9598: 9591: 9590:Grainger 2005 9586: 9584: 9577:, pp. 572–573 9576: 9571: 9564: 9559: 9553:, pp. 234–235 9552: 9551:Axelrod, 2009 9547: 9540: 9535: 9528: 9527:Chernow, 2010 9523: 9516: 9511: 9504: 9499: 9493:, pp. 145–146 9492: 9487: 9468: 9464: 9457: 9450: 9443: 9442:Stockley 2001 9438: 9431: 9426: 9420: 9419:Chambers 2004 9415: 9409: 9408:Chambers 1999 9404: 9402: 9400: 9393:, pp. 117–119 9392: 9387: 9380: 9375: 9368: 9363: 9356: 9351: 9344: 9343:Lockhart 2008 9339: 9333:, pp. 327–328 9332: 9327: 9320: 9315: 9308: 9303: 9296: 9291: 9284: 9279: 9272: 9267: 9261:, pp. 148–155 9260: 9259:Daughan, 2011 9255: 9248: 9243: 9237:, pp. 361–362 9236: 9235:Ward, C. 1952 9231: 9224: 9219: 9213:, pp. 317–319 9212: 9207: 9201:, pp. 421–424 9200: 9195: 9189:, pp. 238–239 9188: 9187:Ferling, 2007 9183: 9177:, pp. 368–369 9176: 9171: 9165:, pp. 337–339 9164: 9159: 9152: 9147: 9140: 9135: 9129:, pp. 244–249 9128: 9123: 9116: 9111: 9104: 9099: 9097: 9089: 9084: 9077: 9072: 9065: 9060: 9054:, pp. 345–358 9053: 9048: 9041: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9017: 9012: 9005: 9000: 8993: 8988: 8981: 8976: 8969: 8964: 8957: 8952: 8945: 8944:Fischer, 2006 8940: 8933: 8932:Stryker, 1898 8928: 8922:, pp. 259–263 8921: 8920:Schecter 2003 8916: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8892: 8885: 8880: 8873: 8868: 8862:, pp. 138–142 8861: 8856: 8850:, pp. 266–267 8849: 8848:Schecter 2003 8844: 8837: 8832: 8826:, pp. 61, 131 8825: 8820: 8813: 8808: 8802:, pp. 109–125 8801: 8796: 8789: 8784: 8778:, pp. 102–111 8777: 8772: 8766:, pp. 102–107 8765: 8760: 8754:, pp. 165–166 8753: 8748: 8742:, pp. 184–186 8741: 8736: 8729: 8724: 8718:, pp. 89, 381 8717: 8712: 8706: 8701: 8694: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8677: 8672: 8665: 8660: 8653: 8652:Johnston 1897 8648: 8641: 8636: 8629: 8624: 8618:, pp. 120–125 8617: 8612: 8606:, pp. 114–118 8605: 8600: 8593: 8588: 8581: 8576: 8569: 8564: 8557: 8552: 8545: 8540: 8533: 8528: 8519: 8512: 8507: 8500: 8495: 8489:, pp. 264–265 8488: 8483: 8476: 8471: 8464: 8459: 8453:, pp. 127–128 8452: 8447: 8441:, pp. 141–246 8440: 8435: 8428: 8423: 8417:, pp. 504–505 8416: 8411: 8404: 8399: 8392: 8387: 8381:, pp. 188–190 8380: 8375: 8368: 8363: 8357:, pp. 100–101 8356: 8351: 8344: 8339: 8332: 8331:Chernow, 2010 8327: 8321:, pp. 141–142 8320: 8315: 8308: 8307:Chernow, 2010 8303: 8296: 8291: 8284: 8283:Ketchum 2014a 8279: 8272: 8267: 8265: 8257: 8256:Ketchum 2014a 8252: 8245: 8244:Ketchum 2014a 8240: 8233: 8228: 8219: 8212: 8211:Ferling, 2007 8207: 8191: 8185: 8178: 8173: 8167: , p. 43 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8142: 8137: 8130: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8113: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8096: 8091: 8084: 8079: 8073:, pp. 160–161 8072: 8067: 8060: 8055: 8048: 8043: 8037:, pp. 119–122 8036: 8031: 8024: 8019: 8013:, pp. 410–412 8012: 8007: 8000: 7995: 7989:, pp. 132–144 7988: 7983: 7976: 7971: 7965:, pp. 123–124 7964: 7959: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7939:Ketchum 2014a 7935: 7928: 7923: 7916: 7911: 7909: 7901: 7896: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7853: 7848: 7846: 7838: 7833: 7826: 7821: 7815:, pp. 543–544 7814: 7809: 7802: 7801:Ammerman 1974 7797: 7791:, pp. 155–156 7790: 7785: 7770: 7766: 7760: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7736: 7729: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7706:, pp. 183–184 7705: 7700: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7652: 7645: 7644:Calloway 2007 7640: 7638: 7636: 7628: 7623: 7616: 7611: 7609: 7601: 7600:Calloway 2007 7596: 7589: 7584: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7561: 7560:Burrows 2008b 7556: 7549: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7530: 7525: 7518: 7513: 7507:, pp. 75, 135 7506: 7501: 7494: 7493:Rignault 2004 7489: 7483:, pp. 133–134 7482: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7466: 7461: 7454: 7453:Burrows 2008a 7449: 7442: 7437: 7435: 7427: 7422: 7415: 7410: 7408: 7400: 7395: 7393: 7386: 7385:Winfield 2007 7381: 7379: 7371: 7366: 7359: 7354: 7348: 7343: 7337: 7332: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7306: 7300: 7295: 7289: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7273: 7272: 7265: 7259: 7254: 7248:, pp. 315–316 7247: 7242: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7219: 7217: 7209: 7204: 7202: 7195:, pp. 195–196 7194: 7189: 7187: 7179: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7159:, pp. 615–618 7158: 7153: 7145: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7059: 7052: 7047: 7045: 7036: 7032: 7025: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7003: 6997: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6915: 6909: 6902: 6896: 6887: 6880: 6874: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6812: 6801: 6791: 6781: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6757:Whaleboat War 6752: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6729:, appointing 6728: 6724: 6718: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6690: 6683: 6682:Little Turtle 6678: 6672: 6665: 6664:Licking River 6661: 6657: 6653: 6646: 6636: 6629: 6625: 6619: 6610: 6603: 6602:New York City 6599: 6595: 6589: 6580: 6570: 6560: 6550: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6520: 6511: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6415: 6406: 6397: 6388: 6378: 6369: 6359: 6352: 6346: 6339: 6336:(16,000) and 6335: 6329: 6320: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6244: 6238: 6234: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032:Black Patriot 6030: 6029: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5937:at prayer at 5936: 5930: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5776: 5774: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5724: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5609: 5607: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5584: 5580: 5578: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5521: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5499: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5486:David Hartley 5482: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5458:Enlightenment 5450: 5446: 5445:Henry Laurens 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5427:portrays the 5426: 5425:Benjamin West 5422: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4931: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4849:German troops 4846: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4760: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4731: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4626:Whaleboat War 4623: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4592:Henry Laurens 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4434: 4429: 4419: 4410: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4392: 4391:Congressional 4386: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4370:Thomas Graves 4366: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4234: 4231: 4230:Little Turtle 4227: 4226:Miami natives 4223: 4219: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4181:, and on the 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3959:Daniel Morgan 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3779:commander of 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3712:William Tryon 3709: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3693:Chestnut Neck 3690: 3686: 3685:John Sullivan 3682: 3677: 3674: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3606:Scots Brigade 3602: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3429: 3428:Prussian Army 3425: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3377:attacked them 3375:. Washington 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3317:Horatio Gates 3314: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092:Henry Clinton 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3053:freight boats 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2994:Staten Island 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2972:, to isolate 2971: 2967: 2964:, connecting 2963: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2875:Snow Campaign 2872: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778:Jonathan Eddy 2775: 2771: 2767: 2766:Charlottetown 2763: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2737:arrived with 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2704:John Burgoyne 2701: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2494: 2493:New York City 2490: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2466:Market Street 2463: 2459: 2458:Roger Sherman 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2354:Roger Sherman 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2255: 2251: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223:Boston Harbor 2220: 2217:disguised as 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195:Gaspee Affair 2192: 2188: 2184: 2183:New Hampshire 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2073: 2072:Pacific Ocean 2069: 2068:Massachusetts 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2033:Indian tribes 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985:Great Britain 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:Henry Clinton 1888: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:John Burgoyne 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761:royal charter 1757: 1755: 1751: 1750:Great Britain 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1734:North America 1731: 1728:forces hired 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1701:defeated the 1700: 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1178: 1177: 1173: 1171: 1161: 1159: 1149: 1147: 1137: 1135: 1125: 1123: 1122:John Burgoyne 1113: 1111: 1110:Henry Clinton 1101: 1099: 1089: 1087: 1077: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1002: 992: 990: 980: 978: 961: 959: 949: 946: 941: 931: 929: 928:John Sullivan 919: 917: 907: 905: 895: 893: 892:Horatio Gates 883: 881: 871: 870: 864: 847: 845: 828: 826: 825: 820: 803: 802: 800: 799: 794: 785: 782: 780: 779:Susquehannock 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 736: 733: 723: 711: 709: 708:Anhalt-Zerbst 701: 699: 691: 689: 685: 681: 679: 675: 671: 669: 665: 661: 659: 655: 651: 650: 647: 642: 635: 627: 626: 623: 620: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 553: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529: 527: 526: 522: 521: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 491: 489: 488:Great Britain 476: 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Forces 28133:civil rights 28113:Constitution 27685:Southwestern 27680:Southeastern 27670:Northwestern 27665:Northeastern 27630:Mid-Atlantic 27620:Great Plains 27338:World War II 27221:Constitution 27186: 27125:Colonial era 27104:2008–present 26901:Midway Atoll 26896:Kingman Reef 26876:Baker Island 26855:Puerto Rico 26767:South Dakota 26757:Rhode Island 26752:Pennsylvania 26732:North Dakota 26448: 26441: 26422: 26383: 26376: 26362: 26308: 26264: 26257: 26200: 26186: 26179: 26172: 26133: 26107:Marine Corps 26094: 26087: 26080: 26044:Debt ceiling 26029:Civil Rights 26011: 26004: 25990: 25976: 25962: 25933: 25928:Antisemitism 25926: 25919: 25875: 25836: 25772:2008–present 25724:Bush v. 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11378:Fetter 1980 11318:Cashin 2005 11204:Miller 1959 11084:Curtis 1926 11060:Curtis 1926 11026:, pp. 21–22 10964:Morgan 2012 10904:Thomas 2017 10868:Miller 1997 10715:Lengel 2005 10688:Miller 1997 10627:, pp. 36–39 10469:, pp. 36–37 10445:, pp. 29–43 10431:Lengel 2005 10395:Taylor 2016 10385:, pp. 43–44 10294:Skaggs 1977 10284:, pp. 88–89 10258:Nelson 1999 10210:Chávez 2002 10200:, pp. 58–60 10186:Nester 2004 10162:Chavez 2002 10075:Golway 2005 10027:Rankin 2011 10017:, pp. 88–92 9991:Borick 2003 9969:, pp. 22–23 9955:Wilson 2005 9942:, pp. 46–50 9928:Wilson 2005 9918:, pp. 16–19 9904:Palmer 2010 9892:Palmer 2010 9844:Tolson 2008 9799:History Net 9757:Nelson 1999 9745:Hazard 1829 9712:, pp. 77–78 9662:Syrett 1998 9638:Syrett 1998 9616:, pp. 18–19 9614:Syrett 1998 9602:Syrett 1998 9476:December 7, 9465:. sar.org. 9444:, pp. 11–14 9355:Risch, 1981 9247:Taaffe 2003 9117:, pp. 85–86 9090:, pp. 81–82 9078:, pp. 79–80 9016:Lengel 2005 8970:, pp. 72–74 8838:, pp. 22–23 8836:Tucker 2002 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19853:B002HMBV52 19785:October 1, 19631:August 24, 19546:0873385462 19193:The Nation 19118:0822952017 19050:0340625201 18939:0275987078 18683:October 2, 18527:(See also: 18403:August 24, 18274:August 24, 18060:October 2, 17902:0160723620 17732:1591147905 17677:9992016531 17646:October 3, 17523:B000ZLZW9I 15377:August 23, 15274:0930350448 14968:0805070664 14843:Washington 14802:0813536022 14498:0898752698 14440:August 23, 14313:October 6, 13724:January 7, 13656:. 58 (5). 13400:1400041635 13379:0920474799 12632:Wood, 2017 12620:Wood, 2017 12608:Wood, 1992 12548:0700602844 12505:, "Scurvy" 12479:Inman 1903 12467:Burke 1785 12455:White 2010 12389:Ellis 2004 12176:Black 2011 11870:Nash, 2005 11684:Howat 2017 11573:Black 2001 11561:Black 2001 11549:Black 2001 11537:Black 2001 11525:Lecky 1892 11477:Mauch 2003 11132:Clode 1869 11108:Ellis 2013 11000:Davis 1975 10846:, pp. 3–4" 10763:Duffy 2005 10727:Ellis 2004 10642:Black 2001 10610:Scott 1988 10524:Fiske 1902 10455:Black 1992 10234:Deane 2018 10029: , p. 9650:Scott 1990 9575:Scott 1988 9563:Edler 2001 9539:Horn, 1989 9515:Weeks 2013 9430:Eclov 2013 9379:Jones 2002 9319:Fiske 1891 9223:Adams 1911 9064:Lecky 1891 8980:Mauch 2003 8908:Adams 1963 8728:Adams 1963 8695:, Chap. 12 8693:Baker 2014 8678:, Chap. 11 8676:Baker 2014 8664:Burke 1975 8616:Field 1898 8604:Field 1898 8592:Field 1898 8499:Selby 2007 8379:Alden 1969 8071:Maier 1998 8023:Maier 1998 7975:Lecky 1892 7951:Maier 1998 7927:Brown 1941 7813:Olsen 1992 7157:Simms 2009 6947:Royal Navy 6931:Royal Navy 6826:Jay Treaty 6761:New Jersey 6660:Ohio River 6628:East River 6437:Cornwallis 6429:Rochambeau 6270:formed by 6266:; and the 6258:formed by 5963:Washington 5959:Rochambeau 5935:Washington 5806:John Locke 5694:inoculated 5633:Jay Treaty 5625:Fort Miami 5437:John Adams 5368:, who was 5358:Lord North 5347:See also: 5324:Ohio River 5278:, and the 5212:in the war 5044:Nancy Hart 4949:See also: 4868:Washington 4794:See also: 4686:John Barry 4620:See also: 4548:Knox; and 4526:Washington 4510:See also: 4378:York River 4335:Rochambeau 4320:Charleston 4304:Cornwallis 4163:Gulf Coast 4148:Pittsburgh 4060:Pittsburgh 3995:Fort Motte 3898:failed to 3856:Royal Navy 3825:routs the 3785:John André 3781:West Point 3373:Germantown 3183:alongside 3041:East River 2762:Saint John 2735:Henry Knox 2565:Charleston 2547:conquered 2478:George III 2450:John Adams 2350:John Adams 2127:Royal Navy 2112:Parliament 2017:New France 1951:to Spain. 1900:Cornwallis 1740:, and the 1645:Gulf Coast 1442:East Coast 1045:Lord North 1033:George III 989:Rochambeau 916:Henry Knox 622:Combatants 525:Combatants 393:New Jersey 141:, and the 121:after the 29626:Terrorism 29403:Rationing 29300:Affluence 29247:Sexuality 29215:Uncle Sam 29121:Languages 29050:Education 28993:affluence 28953:Americana 28880:Transport 28778:Insurance 28768:Companies 28748:By sector 28640:Elections 28281:Treasurer 28239:Executive 28178:Air Force 28150:Uniformed 27973:President 27790:Executive 27561:Mountains 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24497:Kurdistan 24481:(1919–20) 24457:(1916–17) 24437:Nyasaland 24433:(1914–15) 24427:(1914–15) 24415:(1903–04) 24409:(1901–02) 24403:(1900–20) 24366:(1897–98) 24360:(1897–98) 24342:(1896–97) 24312:(1893–94) 24276:(1886–89) 24252:(1881–99) 24246:(1880–81) 24240:(1880–81) 24234:(1879–80) 24222:(1875–76) 24208:Abyssinia 24204:(1866–71) 24198:(1864–65) 24186:(1863–64) 24178:Kagoshima 24174:(1857–58) 24168:(1857–59) 24162:(1856–60) 24156:(1856–57) 24150:(1854–56) 24148:Åland War 24132:(1848–49) 24108:(1845–50) 24102:(1845–46) 24096:(1845–72) 24090:(1839–42) 24084:(1839–42) 24078:(1839–41) 24066:(1837–38) 24060:(1837–38) 24054:(1831–33) 24048:(1831–32) 24042:(1828–32) 24036:(1824–26) 24012:(1817–18) 23988:(1814–16) 23982:(1812–15) 23976:(1811–79) 23970:(1810–11) 23950:Mauritius 23922:(1808–09) 23904:(1806–07) 23880:(1803–05) 23843:(1798–99) 23813:(1795–96) 23807:(1795–96) 23783:(1789–92) 23759:(1781–82) 23753:(1779–84) 23747:(1775–82) 23741:(1775–83) 23729:(1773–74) 23723:(1769–73) 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19350:150064269 19140:(2002) . 19052:. 280 pp. 18740:March 23, 18502:232001108 18297:ignored ( 18287:cite book 18210:162207993 17610:154619712 17481:248087936 17265:cite book 17124:March 31, 16801:143613757 16712:March 25, 16426:: 98–104. 16376:154569534 16329:(2007) . 15922:187392639 15743:(2014) . 15433:0028-4866 15261:(1983) . 14193:701015376 13935:March 20, 13295:0015-4113 13232:143134975 12695:0021-8723 12515:Vale 2013 12457:, "Essay" 12227:Dull 1987 11858:Nash 2012 11838:ThoughtCo 11783:0028-4866 11710:Hunt 2015 11624:Bass 1957 11465:Baer 2015 11441:Baer 2015 11429:Baer 2015 11417:Baer 2015 11390:Baer 2015 11366:Baer 2015 11342:Baer 2015 11330:Baer 2015 11024:Cave 2004 10844:Bell 2005 10820:Carp 1990 10678:, Chap. 3 10588:, pp. 2–3 10586:Mays 2019 10573:, pp. 1–2 10571:Mays 2019 10467:Dale 2005 10407:Dull 2015 10306:Raab 2007 10270:Gaff 2004 9981:, pp. 4–8 9432:pp. 23–24 9381:, pp. 5–6 9273:, pp. 4–8 8968:Wood 1995 8511:Levy 2007 8258:, pp. 2–9 8196:April 14, 8177:Mays 2019 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25815:Parkland 25745:Iraq War 25683:Gulf War 25455:Ivy Mike 25374:New Deal 24750:Colonial 24695:Timeline 24629:Malaysia 24551:Ethiopia 24449:Peshawar 24214:Manitoba 24196:Duar War 23492:Virginia 23413:Cold War 23330:Cameroon 23300:Iraq War 23270:Gulf War 22994:Utah War 22952:Domestic 22781:Armand's 22675:Virginia 22650:New York 22630:Maryland 22620:Delaware 22608:By state 22319:Military 22072:Franklin 22045:Civilian 22026:Sullivan 22016:Schuyler 21946:Hamilton 21921:Claghorn 21889:Military 21882:Colonial 21864:Sandwich 21827:Civilian 21773:Carleton 21768:Campbell 21763:Burgoyne 21746:Military 21672:Virginia 21647:New York 21627:Maryland 21617:Delaware 21478:Yorktown 21413:Savannah 21388:Monmouth 21373:Saratoga 21279:Yorktown 21269:Southern 21259:Northern 21249:Saratoga 21221:theaters 21082:Colonies 21073:Theaters 20876:Patriots 20786:up i.p.o 20774:Currency 20759:Molasses 20504:Archived 20491: · 20309:(1969). 20116:(1920). 19874:(1819). 19779:"Scurvy" 19707:24429518 19409:44232931 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Paris. 17042:Archived 16952:Archived 16793:23546502 16273:(2005). 16231:41157873 16196:(1998). 16165:46778589 16142:(1890). 16036:(2005). 15903:70781264 15653:40105317 15441:57569643 14989:Archived 14767:(1891). 14722:(2004). 14592:(1909). 14509:(2004). 14467:72081186 13658:Archived 13274:23517100 13224:24474906 12634:, p. 416 12622:, p. 348 12529:, p. 191 12517:, p. 160 12493:, p. 269 12313:, p. 350 12301:, p. 553 12277:, p. 562 12265:, p. 287 12154:, p. 458 12142:, p. 246 12106:, p. 333 12094:, p. 325 12082:, p. 175 12070:, p. 160 11983:, p. 198 11947:, p. 356 11860:, p. 251 11791:57569643 11650:, p. 215 11638:, p. 101 11599:, p. 327 11491:, p. 194 11479:, p. 415 11467:, p. 142 11380:, p. 508 11344:, p. 117 11332:, p. 115 11245:, p. 216 11194:, p. 208 11086:, p. 148 10978:, p. 447 10954:, p. 249 10942:, p. 237 10858:, p. 360 10822:, p. 220 10810:, p. 344 10753:, p. 264 10600:, p. 168 10550:, p. 312 10538:, p. 194 10526:, p. 516 10457:, p. 110 10433:, p. 337 10421:, p. 205 10361:, p. 139 10337:, p. 444 10320:, p. 124 10308:, p. 135 10296:, p. 132 10260:, p. 118 10248:, p. 159 10224:, speech 10212:, p. 170 10188:, p. 194 10164:, p. 108 10140:, p. 221 10104:, p. 241 10065:, p. 275 10041:, p. 202 9957:, p. 112 9829:April 8, 9771:, p. 149 9759:, p. 170 9700:, p. 343 9628:, p. 294 9529:, p. 298 9505:, p. 146 9467:Archived 9369:, p. 117 9321:, p. 332 9153:, p. 332 9018:, p. 208 9006:, p. 290 8994:, p. 307 8982:, p. 416 8934:, p. 122 8886:, p. 195 8874:, p. 139 8814:, p. 122 8666:, p. 134 8594:, p. 104 8570:, p. 106 8477:, p. 203 8369:, p. 183 8333:, p. 187 8309:, p. 186 8141:CIA 2007 8131:, p. 235 7941:, p. 211 7854:, p. 199 7839:, p. 102 7827:, p. 112 7550:, p. 134 7443:, p. 393 7416:, p. xli 7326:, p. 110 7210:, p. 328 7180:, p. 371 6963:deserted 6765:Brooklyn 6596:. Young 6594:Brooklyn 6554:battles. 6538:frigates 6462:Savannah 6441:Yorktown 6294:under a 5975:See also 5920:Burgoyne 5577:departed 5568:Broadway 5470:John Jay 5433:John Jay 5364:and the 5291:Onondaga 5252:Seminole 5248:Muscogee 5226:Cherokee 5219:Iroquois 5207:Iroquois 5201:Colonel 5134:planters 5048:Loyalist 5018:dragoons 4965:Patriots 4904:Ottomans 4690:Alliance 4681:Alliance 4579:Yorktown 4571:Yorktown 4482:Atlantic 4362:Savannah 4346:Yorktown 4339:Virginia 4308:Yorktown 4258:Kentucky 4248:and the 4179:de Leyba 4165:. Their 4095:Canadien 3920:grandees 3558:Sullivan 3335:Saratoga 3294:Montreal 3234:smallpox 3179:and the 2990:New York 2833:Governor 2794:Iroquois 2770:Yarmouth 2747:March 17 2693:besieged 2569:Yorktown 2534:Saratoga 2300:Loyalist 2064:Virginia 1904:Yorktown 1864:Saratoga 1818:After a 1726:Loyalist 1716:and the 1688:American 1650:Yorktown 1640:Southern 1618:Saratoga 1608:Northern 1489:Germans: 1296:: 12,000 1270:: 10,800 1226:frigates 1186:Strength 774:Muscogee 764:Cherokee 739:Onondaga 413:Virginia 408:Maryland 403:Delaware 388:New York 299:Patriots 201:in 1776. 169:Location 29700:Portals 29666:Outline 29614:illegal 29599:Smoking 29462:Obesity 29345:Poverty 29267:Theater 29257:Society 29111:Housing 29072:Fashion 29028:poverty 28973:Cuisine 28945:Culture 28932:Society 28893:Driving 28820:Exports 28798:Tourism 28758:Banking 28736:Economy 28696:Parties 28540:Charter 28504:Sheriff 27951:Speaker 27819:Cabinet 27782:Federal 27690:Western 27655:Eastern 27650:Central 27645:Pacific 27605:Regions 27556:Islands 27039:History 26812:Wyoming 26787:Vermont 26692:Montana 26632:Indiana 26612:Georgia 26607:Florida 26577:Arizona 26567:Alabama 26534:Regions 26456:Gay men 26228:Railway 26188:Slavery 25984:Banking 25978:Economy 25820:El Paso 25805:Orlando 25539:Détente 24700:Outline 24623:Sarawak 24575:Sarawak 24467:Nigeria 24455:Mohmand 24443:Nigeria 24394:century 24052:Malacca 24046:Jamaica 24004:Algiers 23944:Reunion 23890:Surinam 23865:century 23811:Grenada 23805:Jamaica 23697:Jamaica 23618:century 23558:Jamaica 23486:Ireland 23479:century 23466:English 23351:Related 23113:Foreign 22886:Related 22684:By year 22625:Georgia 22581:of the 22441:theater 22199:Suffren 22189:Luzerne 22107:Laurens 22077:Hancock 22062:Carroll 21981:Lincoln 21961:de Kalb 21951:Hopkins 21849:Germain 21839:Amherst 21778:Clinton 21739:British 21729:Leaders 21622:Georgia 21453:Cowpens 21398:Grenada 21348:Trenton 21295:battles 21274:Western 21129:Marines 21076:Battles 20478: ( 20449:minutes 20288:2123771 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1262:France: 1238:Marines 1205:militia 784:Shawnee 759:Mi'kmaq 722:Hanover 698:Ansbach 678:Waldeck 599:Abenaki 594:Mi'kmaq 589:Mohican 584:Choctaw 569:Catawba 428:Georgia 267:Menorca 256:Senegal 242:to the 226:changes 133:at the 29687:Portal 29594:Hunger 29545:racism 29486:Issues 29360:Health 29262:Sports 29222:People 29067:Family 29038:wealth 28963:Cinema 28788:Mining 28773:Energy 28518:Cities 28486:County 28420:Tribal 27958:Senate 27802:powers 27698:rivers 27571:ranges 27539:states 27463:Postal 26988:Portal 26942:Cities 26925:Cities 26747:Oregon 26702:Nevada 26642:Kansas 26617:Hawaii 26572:Alaska 26560:States 26486:Places 26248:Groups 26218:Lumber 26156:Fourth 26146:Second 25956:Sports 25941:Cinema 25910:Topics 25825:Uvalde 25795:Aurora 25790:Tucson 24714:Events 24643:(1982) 24619:(1962) 24617:Brunei 24607:(1956) 24571:(1945) 24553:(1943) 24535:(1935) 24511:(1925) 24505:(1923) 24493:(1921) 24487:(1920) 24475:(1919) 24469:(1918) 24463:(1917) 24461:Quebec 24451:(1915) 24445:(1915) 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22006:Rodney 22001:Putnam 21986:Mercer 21941:Greene 21911:Arnold 21818:Rodney 21798:Graves 21788:Fraser 21698:Quebec 21443:Camden 21323:Quebec 21308:Boston 21293:Major 21234:Quebec 21229:Boston 21178:France 21079:Events 20996:Events 20805:Quebec 20344:, 1970 20319: 20294: 20286: 20268: 20239: 20231: 20213: 20185: 20166:May 8, 20137: 20085: 20046: 20025: 19993: 19970: 19916: 19895: 19851: 19804: 19766: 19745: 19724: 19705: 19609: 19584: 19560: 19544: 19526: 19505: 19484: 19465: 19436: 19407: 19388:426009 19386: 19365: 19348: 19340: 19309: 19288: 19269: 19250: 19229: 19169: 19150: 19115: 19096: 19048: 19036:online 19002: 18981: 18955: 18936: 18917: 18857:Vol. 9 18853:Vol. 8 18849:Vol. 7 18590: 18569: 18548: 18519: 18500: 18490: 18469: 18441: 18420: 18389: 18354: 18330: 18253: 18229: 18208: 18123: 18041: 18020: 17996: 17964: 17941: 17920: 17899: 17858: 17848: 17792: 17771: 17750: 17729: 17695: 17674: 17627: 17608: 17600: 17571: 17540: 17521: 17500: 17479: 17469: 17448: 17427: 17406: 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1929:Tobago 1921:France 1736:, the 1710:France 1598:Quebec 1593:Boston 1450:Spain: 1388:13,000 1289:Spain: 1230:sloops 942: 821: 754:Seneca 749:Cayuga 744:Mohawk 719: 614:Lumbee 604:Cheraw 574:Lenape 559:Oneida 500:Quebec 485: 466: 444:France 441: 317:(1775) 311: 260:France 252:Tobago 189:Result 180:, the 29673:Index 29498:Crime 29368:Aging 29185:Names 29180:Music 29168:radio 29148:Media 28978:Dance 28968:Crime 28803:Trade 28560:Mayor 28509:Clerk 28477:Local 28219:State 27738:Yukon 27581:Rocky 27566:peaks 26777:Texas 26657:Maine 26622:Idaho 26450:LGBTQ 26443:Women 26213:Labor 26166:Sixth 26161:Fifth 26151:Third 26141:First 25946:Music 25688:NAFTA 24521:Tirah 24431:Tochi 24220:Perak 23986:Nepal 23908:Egypt 23835:Malta 23763:Assam 23606:Ghana 23504:Ormuz 23335:Libya 23325:Syria 22751:Other 22710:Extra 22600:Units 22087:Henry 22036:Wayne 21956:Jones 21936:Gates 21926:Clark 21916:Barry 21906:Allen 21854:North 21758:Brant 20784:Stamp 20769:Sugar 20292:S2CID 20284:JSTOR 20237:S2CID 20229:JSTOR 19802:JSTOR 19703:JSTOR 19463:JSTOR 19434:JSTOR 19405:JSTOR 19346:S2CID 19338:JSTOR 19094:JSTOR 18915:JSTOR 18615:(PDF) 18608:(PDF) 18206:S2CID 17606:S2CID 17598:JSTOR 17569:JSTOR 17360:JSTOR 17070:JSTOR 17045:(PDF) 17040:(2). 17030:(PDF) 16955:(PDF) 16948:(PDF) 16797:S2CID 16789:JSTOR 16739:JSTOR 16372:S2CID 16227:JSTOR 15649:JSTOR 15437:S2CID 14992:(PDF) 14981:(PDF) 14931:2020. 13348:(PDF) 13270:JSTOR 13228:S2CID 13220:JSTOR 13063:JSTOR 12787:JSTOR 12699:JSTOR 11787:S2CID 11587:, p. 9470:(PDF) 9459:(PDF) 9345:, p.? 7680:JSTOR 6955:sugar 6694:2020. 6229:Notes 5854:The " 5560:Pearl 5029:Women 4777:Ellis 4694:Sybil 4674:Drake 4441:Spain 4328:South 4318:. In 3743:maize 3724:Maine 3510:Paris 3473:ports 3463:Dutch 3431:war. 3369:Paoli 2966:Upper 2921:with 2782:Canso 2179:Weare 2143:Whigs 1989:Spain 1937:India 1925:Spain 1777:Stamp 1714:Spain 1657:Naval 769:Odawa 609:Pedee 456:Spain 279:Spain 29237:Race 29082:list 29077:Flag 28616:list 28460:list 28371:list 28311:list 28264:list 28252:list 28228:and 28173:Navy 28163:Army 28033:list 27745:Time 27625:Gulf 26845:Guam 26782:Utah 26737:Ohio 26637:Iowa 26112:Navy 26102:Army 26006:Flag 24635:Aden 24611:Oman 24593:Oman 24392:20th 23968:Java 23863:19th 23616:18th 23588:Siam 23477:17th 23320:Iraq 22696:1776 22691:1775 22577:The 22431:film 22331:The 22132:Rush 22031:Ward 21966:Knox 21793:Gage 21193:Navy 21188:Army 21124:Navy 21119:Army 20980:and 20754:Iron 20382:and 20356:——. 20317:ISBN 20183:ISBN 20168:2013 20135:ISBN 20106:2020 20083:ISBN 20044:ISBN 20023:ISBN 19991:ISBN 19968:ISBN 19939:2010 19914:OCLC 19893:ISBN 19849:ASIN 19834:2020 19787:2020 19764:ISBN 19743:ISBN 19722:ISBN 19672:2017 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