American Indian Wars

3720: 1670:. The ground was thick mud, and sawgrass easily cuts and burns the skin. Taylor had about 800 men, while the Seminoles numbered fewer than 400. Taylor sent in the Missouri volunteers first, moving his troops squarely into the center of the swamp. His plan was to make a direct attack rather than encircle the Indians. All his men were on foot. As soon as they came within range, the Indians opened with heavy fire. The volunteers broke and their commander Colonel Gentry was fatally wounded, so they retreated back across the swamp. The fighting in the sawgrass was deadliest for five companies of the Sixth Infantry; every officer but one was killed or wounded, along with most of their non-commissioned officers. The soldiers suffered 26 killed and 112 wounded, compared to 11 Seminoles killed and 14 wounded. No Seminoles were captured, although Taylor did capture 100 ponies and 600 head of cattle. 2658: 3464: 3372: 3317:

kidnappings in the region. Sheridan wanted to respond in force but was constrained by the government's peace policy and the lack of well-supplied mounted troops. He could not deploy official military units, so he commissioned a group of 47 frontiersmen and sharpshooters called Solomon's Avengers. They investigated the raids near Arickaree Creek and were attacked by Indians on September 17, 1868. The Avengers were under siege for eight days by some 700 Indian warriors, but they were able to keep them at bay until military units arrived to help. The Avengers lost six men and another 15 were wounded. Sherman finally gave Sheridan authority to respond in force to these threats.

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Seminoles killed 269 officers and men. Almost half of those deaths occurred in the Dade battle, Battle of Lake Okeechobee, and Harney Massacre. Similarly, Mahon reports 69 deaths for the Navy, while Missal reports 41 for the Navy and Marine Corps. Mahon and the Florida Board of State Institutions agree that 55 volunteer officers and men were killed by the Seminoles, while Missall says that the number is unknown. A northern newspaper carried a report that more than 80 civilians were killed by Indians in Florida in 1839. By the end of 1843, 3,824 Indians had been shipped from Florida to the Indian Territory.

3751:(mixed race), about 4.3% of the Canadian population. No consensus exists on how many people lived in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans, but extensive research continues to be conducted. Contemporary estimates range from 2.1 million to 18 million people living on the North American continent prior to European colonization. About 600,000 Native Americans lived in the areas comprising the modern United States in 1800 (including areas not part of the 1800 United States), shortly after the country's independence. This was reduced to an estimated 250,000 by 1890 before increasing in the 20th century. 13355: 458: 469: 2961: 2324: 493: 306: 481: 65: 435: 330: 318: 3368:, and an estimated 100 Indians were killed and 50 taken prisoner. Custer lost 21 men killed and 13 men wounded, and a unit went missing under Major Elliott's command. Custer shot 675 ponies that were vital for the Indians' survival on the plains. Immediately following the battle, Sheridan received backlash from Washington politicians who defended Black Kettle as a peace-loving Indian. This began the controversy as to whether the event was best described as a military victory or as a massacre, a discussion which endures among historians to this day. 2950: 3272: 3051: 3321: 635: 387: 376: 365: 352: 1674: 295: 284: 238: 13331: 3152:. This attack was followed up by numerous raids along the South Platte both east and west of Julesburg, and by a second raid on Julesburg in early February. The bulk of the Indians then moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River. In the spring of 1865, raids continued along the Oregon trail in Nebraska. Indians raided the Oregon Trail along the North Platte River and attacked the troops stationed at the bridge across the North Platte at 3126: 341: 2213:, Army units were withdrawn to fight the war in the east. They were replaced by the volunteer infantry and cavalry raised by the states of California and Oregon, by the western territorial governments, or by the local militias. These units fought the Indians and kept open communications with the east, holding the west for the Union and defeating the Confederate attempt to capture the New Mexico Territory. After 1865, national policy called for all Indians either to 646: 1449: 10596: 10560: 3066:(aka, Little Crow), records conclusively show that more than 500 U.S. soldiers and settlers died in the conflict, though many more may have died in small raids or after being captured. The number of Sioux dead in the uprising is mostly undocumented. After the war, 303 Sioux warriors were convicted of murder and rape by U.S. military tribunals and sentenced to death. Most of the death sentences were commuted by President Lincoln, but on December 26, 1862, in 2124: 10606: 2273: 3510: 3417: 934: 1585: 1624: 548:. These conflicts occurred from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the end of the 19th century. The various wars resulted from a wide variety of factors, the most common being the desire of settlers and governments for Indian tribes' lands. The European powers and their colonies enlisted allied Indian tribes to help them conduct warfare against each other's colonial settlements. After the 1365: 13343: 1191: 250: 1377: 422: 410: 398: 1577:. Indian war parties raided farms and settlements, and families fled to forts or large towns, or out of the territory altogether. A war party led by Osceola captured a Florida militia supply train, killing eight of its guards and wounding six others; most of the goods taken were recovered by the militia in another fight a few days later. Sugar plantations were destroyed along the Atlantic coast south of 3184: 2087:

accounted for 6,596 (31%), while Indian casualties totaled about 14,990 (69%)" for the period of 1850–90. However, Michno says that he "used the army's estimates in almost every case" and "the number of casualties in this study are inherently biased toward army estimations". His work includes almost nothing on "Indian war parties", and he states that "army records are often incomplete".

1620:. When they reached the river, the soldiers could not find the ford, so Clinch ferried his regular troops across the river in a single canoe. Once they were across and had relaxed, the Seminoles attacked. The troops fixed bayonets and charged them, at the cost of four dead and 59 wounded. The militia provided cover as the army troops then withdrew across the river. 3380:

Mrs. Blynn and her child who had been taken by Indians the previous summer near Fort Lyon. The defeat at Washita had scared many of the tribes and Sheridan was able to round up the majority of the Kiowa and Comanche people at Fort Cobb in December and transport them to reservations. He began negotiations with Chief Little Robe of the Cheyenne and with

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signed treaties with all of the tribes, including the Comanches. In the 1840s and 1850s, the Comanches and their allies shifted most of their raiding to a weak and newly independent Mexico. Comanche armies numbering in the hundreds raided deep into Mexico for horses and captives and used Texas as a safe haven from Mexican retaliation (see

3439:. The government decided to stop evicting trespassers from the Black Hills and offered to buy the land from the Sioux. When they refused, the government decided instead to take the land and gave the Lakota until January 31, 1876, to return to reservations. The tribes did not return to the reservations by the deadline, and Lt. Colonel 1333:, and later states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The scope of attacks by the Chickamauga and their allies ranged from quick raids by small war parties to large campaigns by four or five hundred warriors, and once more than a thousand. The Upper Muskogee under Dragging Canoe's close ally 3774:

The Indian wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number. They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women and children, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must

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which offered them reservation land to live on along with food and supplies, but Congress failed to pass it. The promised supplies from the government were not reaching the Indians and they were beginning to starve, numbering an estimated 6,000. Sheridan had only 2,600 men at the time to control them

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and the four-month, 1,200-mile fighting retreat of a band of about 800 Nez Perce, including women and children. The Nez Perce War was caused by a large influx of settlers, the appropriation of Indian lands, and a gold rush—this time in Idaho. The Nez Perce engaged 2,000 American soldiers of different

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Texas joined the Union in 1845, and the Federal government and Texas took up the struggle between the Plains Indians and the settlers. The conflicts were particularly vicious and bloody on the Texas frontier in 1856 through 1858, as settlers continued to expand their settlements into Comancheria. The

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Following Washita, Sheridan oversaw the refitting of the 19th Kansas and personally led them down the Washita River toward the Wichita Mountains. He met with Custer along the Washita River and they searched for Major Elliott's missing unit. They found the bodies of the missing unit and the bodies of

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Sheridan believed that his soldiers would be unable to chase the horses of the Indians during the summer months, so he used them as a defensive force the remainder of September and October. His forces were better fed and clothed than the Indians and they could launch a campaign in the winter months.

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military units, as well as their Indian auxiliaries. They fought "eighteen engagements, including four major battles and at least four fiercely contested skirmishes", according to Alvin Josephy. Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce were much admired for their conduct in the war and their fighting ability.

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following the Civil War further destabilized the situation, placing white settlers into direct competition for the land and resources of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountain West. Additional factors included discovery of gold in Montana during the Montana Gold Rush of 1862–1863 and the opening of

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According to Michno, more conflicts with Indians occurred in the states bordering Mexico than in the interior states. Arizona ranked highest, with 310 known battles fought within the state's boundaries between Americans and Indians. Also, Arizona ranked highest of the states in deaths from the wars.

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on December 28. Only three men survived, and one was hunted down and killed by a Seminole the next day. Survivors Ransome Clarke and Joseph Sprague returned to Fort Brooke. Clarke died of his wounds later, and he provided the only account of the battle from the army's perspective. The Seminoles lost

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American settlers began to push into Florida, which was now an American territory and had some of the most fertile lands in the nation. Paul Hoffman claims that covetousness, racism, and "self-defense" against Indian raids played a major part in the settlers' determination to "rid Florida of Indians

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British merchants and government agents began supplying weapons to Indians living in the United States following the Revolution (1783–1812) in the hope that, if a war broke out, they would fight on the British side. The British further planned to set up an Indian nation in the Ohio-Wisconsin area to

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The 2020 United States Census found 3,727,135 Americans who identified themselves as being solely American Indian or Alaskan Native, about 1% of the US population. A combined total of 9,666,058 Americans identified themselves as being Native American or Alaskan Native (including in combination with

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were sent to handle the situation on the Platte River in Nebraska. In May, the two forces collided at Summit Springs and the Indians were pursued out of the region. This brought an end to Sheridan's campaign, as the Indians had successfully been removed from the Platte and Arkansas and the majority

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On November 29, 1864, the Colorado territory militia responded to a series of Indian attacks on white settlements by attacking a Cheyenne and Arapaho encampment on Sand Creek in southeastern Colorado, under orders to take no prisoners. The militia killed about 200 of the Indians, two-thirds of whom

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Various statistics have been developed concerning the devastation of these wars on the peoples involved. Gregory Michno used records dealing with figures "as a direct result of" engagements and concluded that "of the 21,586 total casualties tabulated in this survey, military personnel and civilians

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was the military governor of Louisiana and Texas in 1866, but President Johnson removed him from that post, claiming that he was ruling over the area with absolute tyranny and insubordination. Shortly after, Hancock was removed as head of the Department of the Missouri and Sheridan replaced him in

3032:, resulted in settlers in both Colorado and Kansas adopting a murderous attitude towards Native Americans, with calls for extermination. Likewise, the savagery shown by the Colorado Volunteers during the Sand Creek Massacre resulted in Native Americans, particularly the Dog Soldiers, a band of the 2337:

The Lamar Administration was known for its failed and expensive Indian policy; the cost of the war with the Indians exceeded the annual revenue of the government throughout his four-year term. It was followed by a second Houston administration, which resumed the previous policy of diplomacy. Texas

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fought against the United States and lost. Conflict with settlers became less common and was usually resolved by treaties between the federal government and specific tribes, which often required the tribes to sell or surrender land to the United States. These treaties were frequently broken by the

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where he spoke to them. They brought their problems to him and explained how the promised supplies were not being delivered. In response, Sheridan gave them a supply of rations. Shortly after, the Saline Valley settlements were attacked by Indians, and that was followed by other violent raids and

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The series of conflicts in the western United States between Indians, American settlers, and the United States Army are generally known as the Indian Wars. Many of these conflicts occurred during and after the Civil War until the closing of the frontier in about 1890. However, regions of the West

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Various wars between Spanish and Native Americans, mainly Comanches and Apaches, took place from the 17th to the 19th century in the Southwest United States. Spanish governors made peace treaties with some tribes during this period. Several events stand out during the colonial period: On the one

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By 1842, the war was winding down and most Seminoles had left Florida for Oklahoma. The US Army officially recorded 1,466 deaths in the Second Seminole War, mostly from disease. The number killed in action is less clear. Mahon reports 328 regular army killed in action, while Missall reports that

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was signed in May 1832 by a few Seminole chiefs who later recanted, claiming that they were tricked or forced to sign and making it clear that they would not consent to relocating to a reservation out west. The Seminoles' continued resistance to relocation led Florida to prepare for war. The St.

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According to historian David Rich Lewis, American popular histories, film, and fiction have given enormous emphasis to the Indian wars. New ethno-historical approaches became popular in the 1970s which mixed anthropology with historical research in hopes of gaining a deeper understanding of the

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pursued a policy of engagement with the Comanches and Kiowas. Houston had lived with the Cherokees, but the Cherokees joined with Mexican forces to fight against Texas. Houston resolved the conflict without resorting to arms, refusing to believe that the Cherokees would take up arms against his

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Indian tribes and coalitions often won battles with the encroaching settlers and soldiers, but their numbers were too few and their resources too limited to win more than temporary victories and concessions from the U.S. and other countries that colonized areas that had composed the modern-day

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Indian tribes in the southwest had been engaged in cycles of trading and fighting with one another and with settlers for centuries prior to the United States gaining control of the region. These conflicts with the United States involved every non-pueblo tribe in the region and often were a

3399:. He was informed of his promotion to lieutenant general of the army and reassigned from the department. Sheridan protested and was allowed to stay in Missouri with the rank of lieutenant general. The last remnants of Indian resistance came from Tall Bull Dog soldiers and elements of the 3143:

Following the massacre, the survivors joined the camps of the Cheyenne on the Smokey Hill and Republican Rivers. They smoked the war pipe and passed it from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho camped in the area, and they planned an attack on the stage station and fort at

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has before declared that our only safety depends upon the total extirmination of the Indians. Having wronged them for centuries we had better, in order to protect our civilization, follow it up by one more wrong and wipe these untamed and untamable creatures from the face of the earth."

2673:, the only colonial governor of New Mexico who managed to establish peace with the Comanches after having confronted them in the Battle of San Diego Pond, and learned how to relate to them without giving rise to misunderstandings that could lead to conflict with them. The 1258:, they ceded a vast amount of Indian territory to the United States. Indian tribes who had sided with the British and had fought against the Americans were enemy combatants, as far as the United States was concerned; they were a conquered people who had lost their land. 1182:

was essentially two parallel wars for the American Patriots. The war in the east was a struggle against British rule, while the war in the west was an "Indian War". The newly proclaimed United States competed with the British for control of the territory east of the

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sided with the British. The Iroquois tried to avoid fighting directly against one another, but the Revolution eventually forced intra-Iroquois combat, and both sides lost territory following the war. The Crown aided the landless Iroquois by rewarding them with a

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and to defend against any raids or attacks, and only 1,200 of his men were mounted. These men were also under-supplied and stationed at forts that were in poor condition. They were also mostly unproven units that replaced retired veterans from the Civil War.

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neither authorized the unilateral abrogation of treaties guaranteeing Native American land rights within the states, nor the forced relocation of the eastern Indians. Yet both occurred and on a massive scale, it forced Indian tribes to move from east of the

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Pacificar o negociar. Los acuerdos de paz con apaches y comanches en las provincias internas de la Nueva España, 1784–1792. México, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2014, 532 p. (Serie Logos). Estudios de historia novohispana. Versión On-line

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The peaceful relationship between settlers and the Indians of the Colorado and Kansas plains was maintained faithfully by the tribes, but sentiment grew among the Colorado settlers for Indian removal. The savagery of the attacks on civilians during the

6135:(5 vol Scarecrow Press, 1987–98); Covers "1: The Southeastern Woodlands", "2: The Northeastern Woodlands", "3: The Great Plains", "4: The Far West" and vol 5: "Chronology, Bibliography, Index." Compilation of Indian-white contacts & conflicts 2591:

formally exonerated the executed chiefs and apologized for these acts, acknowledging that "there is an indication was spread intentionally." The discovery of gold in Idaho and Oregon in the 1860s led to similar conflicts which culminated in the

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Sheridan attempted to improve the conditions of the military outpost and the Indians on the plains through a peace-oriented strategy. Toward the beginning of his command, members of the Cheyenne and Arapaho followed him on his travels from

2361:. In the aftermath of the battle, the Texans learned that they had recaptured Cynthia Ann Parker, the little girl captured by the Comanches in 1836. She returned to live with her family, but she missed her children, including her son 1272:

The frontier conflicts were almost non-stop, beginning with Cherokee involvement in the American Revolutionary War and continuing through late 1794. The so-called "Chickamauga Cherokee", later called "Lower Cherokee", were from the

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Indian perspective. During the 1980s, human rights abuses by the US government were increasingly studied by historians exploring the impact of the wars on Indian cultures. Prior to this, popular history was heavily influenced by

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contributed to these sentiments, as did the few minor incidents which occurred in the Platte Valley and in areas east of Denver. Regular army troops had been withdrawn for service in the Civil War and were replaced with the

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frequently joined their campaigns and also operated separately, and the settlements on the Cumberland came under attack from the Chickasaw, Shawnee from the north, and Delaware. Campaigns by Dragging Canoe and his successor

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In several instances, the conflicts were a reflection of European rivalries, with Indian tribes splitting their alliances among the powers, generally siding with their trading partners. Various tribes fought on each side in

1187:. Some Indians sided with the British, as they hoped to reduce American settlement and expansion. In one writer's opinion, the Revolutionary War was "the most extensive and destructive" Indian war in United States history. 2975:

Initially relations between participants in the Pike's Peak gold rush and the Native American tribes of the Front Range and the Platte valley were friendly. An attempt was made to resolve conflicts by negotiation of the

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brewing company made prints of a dramatic painting that depicted "Custer's Last Fight" and had them framed and hung in many American saloons as an advertising campaign, helping to create a popular image of this battle.

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The colonization of North America by English, Spanish, French, Russian and Dutch was resisted by some Indian tribes and assisted by other tribes. Wars and other armed conflicts in the 17th and 18th centuries included:

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previously. They moved west, displacing other Indian tribes and becoming feared warriors. The Apaches supplemented their economy by raiding other tribes, and they practiced warfare to avenge the death of a kinsman.

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signed in 1851 between the United States and the Plains Indians and the Indians of the northern Rocky Mountains. The treaty allowed passage by settlers, building roads, and stationing troops along the Oregon Trail.

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The United States Census Bureau (1894) provided their estimate of deaths due specifically to war during the 102 years between 1789 and 1891, including 8,500 Indians and 5,000 whites killed in "individual affairs":

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followed Houston's and took a very different policy towards the Indians. Lamar removed the Cherokees to the west and then sought to deport the Comanches and Kiowas. This led to a series of battles, including the

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of 1859 introduced a substantial white population into the Front Range of the Rockies, supported by a trading lifeline that crossed the central Great Plains. Advancing settlement following the passage of the

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who had resisted forcible allotment and division of tribal lands by the federal government since 1901, headquartered at Hickory ceremonial grounds in Oklahoma; a two-day gun battle seriously wounded leader

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Miners, ranchers, and settlers expanded into the plain, and this led to increasing conflicts with the Indian populations of the West. Many tribes fought American settlers at one time or another, from the

2095:. Michno also says that 51 percent of the battles took place in Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico between 1850 and 1890, as well as 37 percent of the casualties in the country west of the Mississippi River. 2091:

At least 4,340 people were killed, including both the settlers and the Indians, over twice as many as occurred in Texas, the second highest-ranking state. Most of the deaths in Arizona were caused by the

1600:(Tampa), with another two expected imminently, so the army decided to send two companies to Fort King. On December 23, 1835, the two companies totaling 110 men left Fort Brooke under the command of Major 1346:. The colonists generally responded with attacks in which Cherokee settlements were completely destroyed, though usually without great loss of life on either side. The wars continued until the Treaty of 2217:

as citizens, or to live peacefully on reservations. Raids and wars between tribes were not allowed, and armed Indian bands off a reservation were the responsibility of the Army to round up and return.

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in 1830, which stipulated the relocation of Indians out of Florida – by force if necessary. Many Seminole groups were relatively new arrivals in Florida, led by such powerful leaders as

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where he left his sick and enough men to guard the Seminoles who had surrendered. Taylor's column caught up with the main body of the Seminoles on the north shore of Lake Okeechobee on December 25.

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Many refugees from defeated tribes went over the border to Canada; those in the South went to Florida while it was under Spanish control as they would be considered free, and not slaves, under the

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in 1836, in which a war party of Comanches, Kiowas, Wichitas, and Delawares attacked the Texan outpost at Fort Parker. A small number of settlers were killed during the raid, and the abduction of

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On December 29, General Clinch left Fort Drane with 750 soldiers, including 500 volunteers on an enlistment due to end January 1, 1836. The group was traveling to a Seminole stronghold called the

3017:, territorial governor of Colorado. They adopted a policy of shooting on sight all Indians encountered, a policy which in short time ignited a general war on the Colorado and Kansas plains, the 2775:

brought a great influx of miners and settlers into the area. The result was that most of the early conflicts with the California Indians involved local parties of miners or settlers. During the

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After the Civil War, all of the Indians were assigned to reservations, and the reservations were under the control of the Interior Department. Control of the Great Plains fell under the Army's

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in British Columbia. Workers on the road-building project threatened the Tsilhqotʼin with smallpox. The war ended with the hanging of six Tsilhqotʼin chiefs. In 2014, British Columbia Premier

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spread and expanded westward across the United States after 1780, armed conflicts increased in size, duration, and intensity between settlers and various Indian tribes. The climax came in the

6556: 2579:(Chilcotin) territory without permission. At the time, and still today, First Nations such as the Tsilhqotʼin say the colonial government deliberately spread smallpox with the aim of ending 11567: 1506:

in 1811. The Americans hoped that the victory would end the militant resistance, but Tecumseh instead chose to ally openly with the British, who were soon at war with the Americans in the

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made a peace treaty with them in 1691, which made them subjects of the Spanish governor again. Conflicts between Europeans and indigenous peoples continued following the acquisition of

2567:, including areas that are now part of the United States and Canada, from Washington to Alaska, suffered major population loss, cultural devastation, and loss of sovereignty due to the 1541:

once and for all". To compound the tension, runaway black slaves sometimes found refuge in Seminole camps. The result was clashes between white settlers and the Indians residing there.

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in 1890, and the Army attempted to subdue them. Gunfire erupted on December 29 during this attempt, and soldiers killed up to 300 Indians, mostly old men, women, and children in the

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The traditional way of life of the Indians was disrupted, and they began raiding travelers along the trails and aggression toward Mormon settlers. During the American Civil War, the

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Raids by bands of plains Indians on isolated homesteads to the east of Denver, on the advancing settlements in Kansas, and on stage line stations along the South Platte, such as at

1156:. They were never defeated, although some Seminoles migrated to Indian Territory. Other tribes were forced to move to reservations west of the Mississippi River, most famously the 3357:. The Units from the 5th and 3rd Cavalry met at Fort Cobb without any sign of the 19th Kansas, but they had a lead on a band of Indians nearby and Custer led a force after them. 1609:

three men and five wounded. On the same day as the massacre, Osceola and his followers shot and killed Agent Wiley Thompson and six others during an ambush outside of Fort King.

3766:, in combination with conflict, forced removal, enslavement, imprisonment, and outright warfare with European newcomers reduced populations and disrupted traditional societies. 1514:(1813–14) began as a tribal conflict within the Creek tribe, but it became part of the larger struggle against American expansion. Tecumseh was killed by Harrison's army at the 11932: 3058:

The Dakota War of 1862 (more commonly called the Sioux Uprising of 1862 in older authorities and popular texts) was the first major armed engagement between the U.S. and the

4836:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), pp. 127–136, 148, 162, 163, hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (1983) 13405: 7164: 3337:

from Custer's 7th Cavalry, along with five battalions of infantry under Major John H. Page setting out from Fort Dodge on November 5. A few days later, a force moved from

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are perhaps the best known. The last major campaign of the military against Indians in the Southwest involved 5,000 troops in the field, and resulted in the surrender of

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allies in Texas and a defensive Spanish posture characterized the next 70 years. In the 1830s large numbers of Americans began to settle in Texas and they encroached on

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was the most severe loss ever inflicted upon an American army by Indians. Following the successive defeats, the United States sent delegates to discuss peace with the

5015:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), pp. 201–207, 212–222, hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (1983) 2899:

Most of the local groups were decimated by the war and faced continuing loss of hunting and fishing land caused by the steadily growing population. Some moved to the

2884:. Following the massacre, various Shoshone tribes signed a series of treaties exchanging promises of peace for small annuities and reservations. One of these was the 11749: 11089: 10959: 9823: 9002: 3884: 5939: 4187: 7890: 3733: 126: 1144:

stated the "authorizing of the President to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders." Some tribes resisted

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Army life on the Pacific: a journal of the expedition against the northern Indians, the tribes of the Cour d'Alenes, Spokans, and Pelouzes, in the summer of 1858

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Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health. Jeffrey S. Passel. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine

12115: 11682: 11572: 10126: 5434: 4973:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), pp. 168–155, hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (1983) 4954:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), pp. 148–163, hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (1983) 4804:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), pp. 105–115, hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (1983) 3894: 2896:

recognized it as binding in 1968. Descendants of the original group were compensated collectively at a rate of less than $ 0.50 per acre, minus legal fees.

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of 1680 was also highlighted, causing the Spanish province to be divided into two areas: one led by the Spanish governor and the other by the leader of the

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The Department of Missouri was in poor shape upon Sheridan's arrival. Commissioners from the government had signed a peace treaty in October 1867 with the

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also engaged in conflicts with the Apache, Cheyenne, Goshute, Navajo, Paiute, Shoshone, Sioux, and Ute Indians from 1862 to 1866. Following the Civil War,

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that were settled before the Civil War saw significant conflicts prior to 1860, such as Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Oregon, California, and Washington state.

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and some other lands. In the Southeast, the Cherokee split into a pro-patriot faction versus a pro-British faction that the Americans referred to as the

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for settlement, and American settlers began pouring into the region. Violence erupted as Indian tribes resisted, and so the administration of President

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raids that attacked mail stagecoaches, burned the stations, and killed the employees. They also raped, killed, and kidnapped settlers on the frontier.

886:, allying with British or French colonists according to their own self interests. On 14 August 1784, Russian colonists had massacred 200–3,000 Koniag 3408:

of those in Kansas had been settled onto reservations. Sheridan left in 1869 to take command of the Army and was replaced by Major General Schofield.

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The 18th and early 19th centuries in Texas were characterized by competition and warfare between the Comanches in the north and west of the state and

11589: 11376: 10563: 8218: 8145: 6952: 2564: 1173: 1035: 552:, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions and frequently involved disputes over land use; some entailed cycles of violent reprisal. 5577: 12081: 12054: 11371: 10045: 9670: 9619: 8240: 7905: 7106: 7088: 3827: 2787:

and engaged in minor actions in northern California. California and Oregon volunteer garrisons in Nevada, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, and the

902:. Despite the incidents that occurred between European colonists and the Native population, most Indian tribes were friendly towards the Swedes in 12429: 12389: 10725: 9680: 9498: 9393: 8931: 5624: 3199:. In particular, a lack of context in several places means this section does not sufficiently explain the native involvement in these campaigns.. 2980:, which established a reservation in southeastern Colorado, but the settlement was not agreed to by all of the roving warriors, particularly the 2510: 2483:

valley, along the route to Naches Pass and connecting Nisqually and Yakama lands. The Puget Sound War is often remembered in connection with the

2467:

of 1855–1856 was triggered in part by the Yakima War and in part by the use of intimidation to compel tribes to sign land cession treaties. The

12237: 11155: 10642: 9815: 8394: 6967: 2459:, and conflicts rapidly escalated into violence. It took several years for the Army to defeat the Yakama, during which time war spread to the 1140:. During the early 19th century, the federal government was under pressure by settlers in many regions to expel Indians from their areas. The 13046: 12451: 11687: 10894: 9802: 8181: 7390: 7169: 7000: 5917: 4683:, Brigham D. Madsen, foreword by Charles S. Peterson, University of Utah Press (1985, paperback 1995), pp. 1–56, trade paperback, 286 pages, 2373:. He ultimately surrendered to the overwhelming force of the federal government and moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma in 1875. 6040: 5412: 2915:

in the Great Basin areas of California, Nevada, Oregon and Idaho. From 1866 the U.S. Army replaced the Volunteers in that war which General

12069: 11666: 11482: 11423: 11006: 10964: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 9710: 9650: 9549: 9296: 9224: 9125: 9036: 9012: 8918: 8799: 8715: 8638: 8586: 8506: 8235: 8228: 8165: 8128: 8017: 7380: 6857: 1596:(Ocala) had only one company of soldiers, and it was feared that they might be overrun by the Seminoles. Three companies were stationed at 5913: 5775: 5216: 3241:, an administrative area of over 1,000,000 mi encompassing all land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Maj. Gen. 13193: 13036: 12931: 12676: 12414: 11534: 11445: 11187: 11172: 11054: 10481: 9829: 9591: 9406: 8135: 13019: 12534: 12529: 12519: 11892: 11621: 10869: 10172: 10118: 10082: 9655: 9044: 8150: 7365: 7271: 7211: 7020: 7010: 4465: 3963:

Various rival Native American tribes fought against each other, while making alliances with different White European colonial factions.

2557: 56: 4538:

The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline Among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774–1874

2992:, where Colorado volunteers fell on a peaceful Cheyenne village killing women and children, which set the stage for further conflict. 13415: 13335: 13188: 13131: 13024: 12853: 12295: 10798: 9728: 9665: 9660: 9613: 9022: 8574: 8534: 8263: 8245: 7226: 6757: 6731: 3864: 3447:. Custer and his men were separated from their main body of troops, and they were all killed by the far more numerous Indians led by 2869:

to Utah. The Shoshone had friendly relations with American and British fur traders and trappers, beginning with their encounter with

2214: 135: 13425: 13395: 13235: 13031: 12524: 12012: 11952: 11512: 11167: 11059: 10909: 10087: 9999: 9985: 9844: 9795: 9748: 9743: 9690: 9640: 9585: 9088: 8953: 8765: 7025: 6995: 5294:

American Indian Wars: A Chronology of Confrontations Between Native Peoples and Settlers and the United States Military, 1500s-1901

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another race), about 3% of the US population. The Canada 2011 Census found 1,836,035 Canadians who identified themselves as being

2431:

to the Rocky Mountains. The Cayuse were defeated in 1855, but the conflict had expanded and continued in what became known as the

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on the Santa Fe Trail had friendly relations with the Cheyenne and Arapaho, and peace was established on the Oregon Trail by the

970: 573: 4569: 2603:

In the late 1870s, another series of armed conflicts occurred in Oregon and Idaho, spreading east into Wyoming and Montana. The

13242: 12951: 12634: 12539: 12369: 12317: 12278: 11845: 11840: 11694: 11631: 11584: 11562: 11527: 11182: 11038: 9738: 9577: 9562: 9487: 9470: 8103: 6990: 6736: 2908: 6503: 4389: 1573:

Augustine Militia asked the US War Department for the loan of 500 muskets, and 500 volunteers were mobilized under Brig. Gen.

13058: 12946: 12816: 12720: 12629: 12553: 12098: 12064: 11079: 11069: 11064: 10922: 10917: 10781: 10746: 10599: 10167: 10064: 9972: 9717: 9599: 9556: 9421: 8389: 8384: 8371: 8123: 7950: 7895: 7858: 7797: 7385: 7159: 7097: 7035: 7015: 6631: 6460: 6439: 6264: 6236: 6208: 6150: 6074: 5955: 5840: 5759: 5724: 5691: 5666: 5607: 5547: 5520: 5342: 5302: 5275: 5167: 5042: 5032: 5020: 5001: 4990: 4978: 4959: 4841: 4809: 4734: 4668: 4638: 4545: 4516: 4414: 4329: 3944: 3664:

killed four ranchers; on February 26, 1911, eight of the Indians involved in the Last Massacre were killed by a posse in the

951: 629: 525: 170: 52: 9509: 977: 13254: 13151: 13088: 13078: 12961: 12752: 12715: 12644: 12476: 12441: 11992: 11722: 11455: 11226: 11177: 11150: 11074: 11033: 9383: 8296: 8067: 7812: 7081: 5239: 4600: 3879: 3463: 3350: 17: 5564: 4048:

Leyes de Burgos: 500 años. Antonio Pizarro Zelaya, August 2013. Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia, On-line version

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pursued the Sioux into Dakota Territory. Sibley's army defeated the Lakota and Dakota in three major battles in 1863: the

13210: 13198: 13136: 12893: 12384: 12283: 11880: 11539: 11435: 11319: 10589: 10006: 9756: 9309: 9249: 8839: 8353: 8223: 7965: 6974: 6942: 5936: 4075: 2795:, but federal troops replaced the volunteers and again took up the struggle against Indians in the remote regions of the 1306: 5332: 5292: 5265: 13183: 13124: 13009: 13004: 12941: 12703: 12664: 12624: 12471: 12424: 12404: 12017: 11644: 11639: 11544: 11492: 11021: 10776: 10635: 10584: 10071: 9834: 9695: 9627: 9567: 9361: 8864: 8854: 8770: 8160: 8140: 7986: 7981: 7221: 6962: 6927: 6847: 3309: 3276: 2202: 1568:

In May 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress which stipulated forced removal of Indians to Oklahoma. The

1195: 503: 164: 4781: 984: 13440: 13225: 13205: 13156: 13146: 13014: 12936: 12913: 12873: 12737: 12727: 12604: 12579: 12486: 12466: 11944: 11734: 11460: 10842: 9733: 9723: 9259: 8896: 8733: 8316: 8201: 8155: 7910: 7261: 7246: 6887: 6822: 6423: 6190: 6175: 6126: 6111: 6058: 6026: 6011: 5994: 5977: 4892: 4688: 4596:""Lo! The poor Indian!" Colonial Responses to the 1862-63 Smallpox Epidemic in British Columbia and Vancouver Island" 4361: 4275: 4123: 3389: 3224: 1428:, but the two sides could not agree on a boundary line. The United States dispatched a new expedition led by General 1017: 4855: 2575:

of 1864 occurred near the end of the epidemic when a road from the gold fields to the coast was being built through

13390: 13230: 13176: 13161: 13063: 12898: 12374: 12327: 12322: 12224: 12151: 11851: 11616: 11145: 10032: 9286: 9115: 8948: 8908: 8787: 8321: 8258: 8098: 7266: 6937: 6897: 3919: 3859: 3425: 3002: 2552:

in British Columbia drew large numbers of miners, many from Washington, Oregon, and California, culminating in the

2509:

In 1858, the fighting spread on the east side of the Cascades. This second phase of the Yakima War is known as the

6541: 5483:"Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations" 3260:

August 1867. He was ordered to pacify the plains and take control of the Indians there, and he immediately called

2415:. Among the causes of conflict were a sudden immigration to the region and a series of gold rushes throughout the 13385: 13380: 13375: 13264: 13053: 12994: 12903: 12794: 12769: 12266: 12256: 11821: 11739: 11677: 11661: 11507: 11502: 11266: 11246: 11236: 11231: 10233: 9967: 9923: 9319: 8817: 8673: 8186: 7074: 6606: 6002: 3830:

has argued that some of the events within the American Indian Wars would fit into the modern legal definition of

2548:. Gold discoveries continued to trigger violent conflict between prospectors and Indians. Beginning in 1858, the 2502: 2253:

army of more than 500 men and halted Spanish expansion in Texas. Comanche raids on Spanish settlements and their

2141: 2103:

American settlers and fur trappers had spread into the western United States territories and had established the

966: 4914:

Most of the thirty-nine were baptized, including Tatemima (or Round Wind), who was reprieved at the last minute.

13420: 13247: 12921: 12868: 12784: 12774: 12742: 12671: 12659: 12614: 12501: 12399: 12261: 12181: 12171: 11957: 11814: 11517: 11475: 11418: 11192: 11103: 9703: 9572: 9339: 8191: 8060: 7644: 7241: 7124: 6892: 4704: 3791:, stated, "the toll on human lives in the wars against the native nations between 1848 and 1881 was horrific." 3754:

The number of Indians dropped to below half a million in the 19th century because of Eurasian diseases such as

3432: 3089:. Battles continued between Minnesota regiments and combined Lakota and Dakota forces through 1864, as Colonel 3014: 2940: 2932: 2640: 2158: 1911: 1899: 1294: 955: 13435: 3573:: armed conflict between Yaquis and American militia, the Buffalo Soldiers, the Mexican Army, and local police 2357:

The battles between settlers and Indians continued in 1860, and Texas militia destroyed an Indian camp at the

1561:, and they had no intention of leaving their lands. They retaliated against the settlers, and this led to the 13430: 12999: 12863: 12779: 12710: 12681: 12619: 12509: 12481: 12125: 11497: 11390: 10628: 10418: 10027: 10012: 9947: 9937: 9908: 9898: 9436: 8108: 8093: 7955: 7753: 7040: 6947: 3806: 3653: 3105:

on September 3, 1863. The Sioux retreated further, but again faced an American army in 1864; this time, Gen.

2928: 2116: 2065: 1617: 533: 498: 4887:, by John H. Monnett, University Press of Colorado (1992), pp. 55–73, Chapter 3, trade paperback, 236 pages 2312:, in which the Texas militia killed 33 Comanche chiefs at a peace parley. The Comanches retaliated with the 1396:

sent armed expeditions into the area. However, in the Northwest Indian War, a pan-tribal confederacy led by

13294: 13287: 13220: 13083: 12966: 12888: 12878: 12732: 12693: 12649: 12609: 12566: 12514: 12446: 12419: 12379: 12357: 12166: 11980: 11927: 11860: 11717: 11673: 11601: 11522: 11440: 11251: 11115: 10944: 10852: 10660: 10017: 9991: 9977: 9952: 9942: 9893: 9809: 9416: 8926: 8700: 8594: 8379: 8305: 7853: 7602: 7576: 7292: 6716: 5802: 4909: 3843: 3712: 3444: 2944: 2900: 2758: 2370: 1843: 1799: 31: 6525: 5717:

As long as grass grows: the indigenous fight for environmental justice, from colonization to Standing Rock

2670: 13215: 13166: 12981: 12883: 12806: 12688: 12584: 12409: 12394: 12332: 11967: 11922: 11729: 11611: 11465: 10447: 10343: 9913: 9182: 8559: 8524: 7945: 7282: 6832: 5572: 3114: 3094: 2494: 2351: 2242: 1339: 35: 5684:

Surviving genocide: native nations and the United States from the American Revolution to bleeding Kansas

4002: 2690: 13321: 13119: 12989: 12821: 12801: 12789: 12599: 12589: 12271: 12176: 11789: 11779: 11306: 11301: 11291: 11286: 10808: 10037: 10022: 9887: 9401: 8743: 8519: 8489: 8454: 7885: 7708: 7478: 7473: 7189: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6787: 6752: 3788: 3679: 3488: 3238: 2444: 1993: 1436:. Realizing that British assistance was not forthcoming, the native nations were compelled to sign the 1267: 1179: 1041: 919: 818: 809: 462: 3371: 12698: 12004: 11809: 11804: 11366: 10820: 10527: 10512: 10502: 10461: 10383: 10348: 9918: 8985: 8812: 8782: 8551: 7807: 7530: 7231: 6782: 5658: 3110: 3102: 2448: 2347: 2330:, son of a Comanche Chief and an abducted Texas settler; his family's story spans the history of the 1725: 1636: 1613: 1502:

when Harrison marched against the Indian confederacy, defeating Tenskwatawa and his followers at the

207: 6228:

The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History

5319:

The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History

2393: 12811: 12191: 12161: 12156: 12146: 11912: 11868: 11709: 11470: 11256: 11120: 10934: 10874: 10532: 10507: 10423: 10328: 10288: 9880: 9426: 9269: 9254: 9155: 9103: 9061: 9049: 8886: 8688: 8289: 8118: 7960: 7880: 7865: 7656: 7055: 6827: 6797: 6696: 6467: 6037: 5970:

A People's History of the American Revolution: How Common People Shaped the Fight for Independence.

3973: 3889: 3202: 3132:(right), a Southern Cheyenne in Black Kettle's camp, became a warrior after her experiences at the 2893: 2694: 2484: 2480: 2468: 2339: 2261:, the proto-empire of the Comanches. A series of battles between Americans and Comanches and their 2132: 1923: 1569: 1460: 1433: 1425: 1137: 703: 564: 391: 266: 203: 8963: 3384:

about living on the reservations. Sheridan then began the construction of Camp Sill, later called

2201:. The Sioux were relatively new arrivals on the Plains, as they had been sedentary farmers in the 991: 12305: 12041: 11799: 10766: 10522: 10517: 10497: 10388: 10378: 10373: 10353: 9903: 9431: 8748: 8693: 8494: 8055: 7991: 7781: 7652: 7542: 7375: 7370: 7350: 7307: 7174: 6532: 6468:

Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection

5420: 4356:, by John H. Monnett, University Press of Colorado (1992), pp. 24–25, trade paperback, 236 pages 4299:

Leboso, Osvaldo. «El caso norteamericano». Monografias.com S.A. Consultado el 8 de agosto de 2009

3740: 3365: 3261: 3157: 2784: 2648: 2549: 2522: 1917: 1743: 1236: 944: 753: 682: 639: 541: 8439: 4443: 4435: 4053: 3775:

be very much higher than the number given ... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate.

13303: 12757: 12107: 11917: 11897: 11699: 11554: 11349: 11296: 11281: 11125: 10813: 10553: 10537: 10476: 10303: 10218: 10162: 9446: 9378: 9314: 9242: 9007: 8760: 8705: 8616: 8539: 8444: 8429: 7875: 7817: 7758: 6812: 6792: 6726: 6686: 5921: 5208: 3869: 3823: 3686:

was fought in Southern Arizona; Army forces of the 10th Cavalry engaged and captured a band of

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of December 21, 1878 features General Philip Sheridan and Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz

2903:

when it was created in 1868. Some of the Shoshone populated the Mormon-sanctioned community of

2746: 2644: 2580: 2059: 1656: 1578: 1464: 1452: 1286: 1255: 1130: 584: 568: 322: 6358: 5830: 5749: 5037:

by John Dishon McDermott, Stackpole Books (2003), pp. 46–62, Chapter 4, hardcover, 304 pages,

4720: 4533: 4319: 2960: 2439:

tried to compel Indian tribes to sign treaties ceding land and establishing reservations. The

2323: 2193:

of the Southwest waged the most aggressive warfare, led by resolute, militant leaders such as

13347: 12956: 12639: 11754: 11311: 11276: 11271: 11214: 11197: 10927: 10338: 10333: 10208: 9931: 9482: 9465: 9441: 9334: 9329: 9276: 9098: 9066: 8874: 8859: 8449: 8424: 8409: 7763: 7748: 7743: 7522: 7468: 7355: 7315: 7278: 7179: 7149: 7030: 6802: 6646: 5652: 3939: 3874: 3683: 3649: 3618: 3600: 3581: 3525: 3520:

Many sources place the end of the American Indian Wars in the 1890s (1890 to 1901). The last

3483: 3468: 3090: 2877: 2832: 2762: 2620: 2358: 2331: 2226: 2071: 2053: 2047: 1713: 1655:. In the first two days, 90 Seminoles surrendered. On the third day, Taylor stopped to build 1421: 1334: 883: 867: 850: 788: 649: 609: 380: 299: 74: 7572: 5510: 5482: 5358: 3279:(August 21, 1867) ended the Army's offensive operations on the Kansas frontier for the year. 1793: 1475:, and he pursued an aggressive policy of obtaining titles to Indian lands. Shawnee brothers 13359: 13308: 12436: 12310: 12201: 11579: 11011: 10991: 10939: 10830: 10761: 10609: 10428: 10393: 10298: 10273: 9962: 9459: 9411: 9351: 9187: 9108: 8968: 8891: 8849: 8728: 8678: 8663: 8646: 8546: 8434: 8404: 7678: 7483: 7443: 7405: 7236: 6872: 6721: 6601: 5648: 4457: 3909: 3822:

and rejecting the traditional portrayal of the wars between the Indians and colonists. The

3801: 3780: 3558:; last U.S. Army operation against Apaches who were raiding and not living in a reservation 3531:

Scattered incidents of armed conflict between Indians and whites continued into the 1920s.

3346: 3265: 3098: 3029: 2772: 2710: 2702: 2541: 2526: 2412: 2317: 2284: 2023: 1955: 1515: 1503: 1437: 1359: 1244: 1047: 879: 800: 783: 758: 686: 3645:: A company of cavalry went from Fort Wingate to quell an alleged uprising by some Navajo. 1321:, and in Carter's Valley in upper eastern Tennessee, as well as the settlements along the 64: 8: 12848: 12764: 12574: 12290: 11975: 11606: 10803: 10413: 10363: 10318: 10308: 10293: 10283: 10268: 10248: 10223: 10213: 10203: 9957: 9777: 9767: 9209: 8958: 8651: 8569: 8564: 8514: 8414: 8282: 8029: 7733: 7688: 7590: 7560: 7507: 7418: 7345: 6882: 6701: 6591: 6297:

Lewis, David Rich (2004). "Native Americans in the nineteenth-century American West." in

6092: 4926: 4096:

Merrell, James H. (2012). "Second Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians".

3934: 3914: 3540: 3242: 3194: 3149: 3145: 3133: 3025: 2989: 2977: 2881: 2792: 2742: 2681:. Several military conflicts happened between Spaniards and Pueblos in this period until 2593: 2533: 2532:

In southwest Oregon, tensions and skirmishes escalated between American settlers and the

2309: 2276: 2035: 1999: 1825: 1807: 1769: 1663: 1562: 1531: 1389: 1385: 1343: 1277:

and later from the Lower Towns, Valley Towns, and Middle Towns. They followed war leader

1103: 915: 871: 774: 678: 612:, the nomadic and semi-nomadic Indian tribes of those regions were forced to relocate to 549: 6337:

Merrell, James H (2012). "Second Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians".

6104:

Forts of the Northern Plains: Guide to Historic Military Posts of the Plains Indian Wars

5187: 2111:. Relations were generally peaceful between American settlers and Indians. The Bents of 12088: 12076: 11794: 11784: 11761: 11744: 11140: 10884: 10879: 10751: 10433: 10408: 10313: 10253: 10228: 10198: 10188: 9787: 9782: 9772: 9762: 9475: 9453: 8973: 8832: 8807: 8777: 8738: 8621: 8464: 8024: 7915: 7870: 7837: 7648: 7636: 7632: 7517: 7287: 7256: 7139: 6817: 6777: 6666: 6661: 6636: 6450: 6432:

The Diaries of John Hunton, Chapter 2 – "Frontier Warfare, A Tragic and Fearsome Thing"

6396: 6354: 6325: 5879: 5862:

Merrell, James H. (1989). "Some Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians".

3929: 3075: 3067: 3045: 2997: 2936: 2844: 2776: 2460: 2313: 2288: 2210: 2150: 1905: 1887: 1546: 1519: 1347: 1153: 1141: 1109: 1079: 899: 845: 707: 690: 673: 613: 580: 255: 144: 6308:

Merrell, James H (1989). "Some Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians".

5390: 2949: 2451:, but Stevens' attempts served mainly to intensify hostilities. Gold discoveries near 12831: 11987: 11339: 10837: 10756: 10741: 10605: 10368: 10323: 10263: 10238: 10193: 10136: 9373: 9204: 9017: 8604: 8399: 8360: 7802: 7568: 7534: 6767: 6596: 6520: 6456: 6435: 6419: 6379:

Smith, Sherry L (1998). "Lost soldiers: Re-searching the Army in the American West".

6260: 6232: 6204: 6186: 6171: 6146: 6122: 6107: 6070: 6054: 6022: 6007: 5990: 5973: 5951: 5836: 5755: 5730: 5720: 5697: 5687: 5662: 5603: 5543: 5516: 5487: 5338: 5298: 5271: 5163: 5038: 5016: 4997: 4974: 4955: 4888: 4837: 4805: 4730: 4711:

United States Supreme Court, April 9, 1945, 89 L.Ed. 985; 65 S.Ct. 690; 324 U.S. 335.

4684: 4664: 4619: 4541: 4512: 4439: 4431: 4410: 4357: 4325: 4271: 4049: 4022: 4018: 3924: 3521: 2788: 2584: 2553: 2416: 2304: 2295: 1963: 1787: 1731: 1604:. Seminoles shadowed the marching soldiers for five days, and they ambushed them and 1522:

in 1818 resulted in the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States in 1819.

1484: 1468: 1393: 1330: 1282: 1274: 1184: 1097: 1059: 891: 593: 589: 537: 486: 334: 2892:. The Supreme Court declared this claim to be non-binding in a 1945 ruling, but the 12747: 12594: 12300: 12120: 11130: 10971: 10954: 10949: 10788: 10398: 10278: 10243: 10141: 10056: 10051: 9542: 8980: 8943: 8869: 8827: 8723: 8683: 8484: 8479: 8113: 8050: 8045: 7665: 7512: 7463: 7206: 7154: 6907: 6807: 6676: 6656: 6571: 6511: 6493: 6388: 6350: 6346: 6317: 5983: 5871: 5492: 4996:

by John Dishon McDermott, Stackpole Books (2003), pp. 35–44, hardcover, 304 pages,

4726: 4609: 4386: 4109: 4105: 4014: 3904: 3811: 3784: 3759: 3396: 3313: 3169: 3129: 3005:, rough men who often favored extermination of the Indians. They were commanded by 2968: 2885: 2862: 2771:

The U.S. Army kept a small garrison west of the Rockies, but starting in 1849, the

2701:

in 1853. These spanned from 1846 to at least 1895. The first conflicts were in the

2698: 2537: 2420: 2408: 2346:

first Texan incursion into the heart of the Comancheria was in 1858, the so-called

1937: 1707: 1472: 1417: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1215: 1206:

Some Indian tribes were divided over which side to support in the war, such as the

841: 725: 653: 597: 556: 369: 70: 5751:

Report on Indians taxed and Indians not taxed in the United States (except Alaska)

5496: 3320: 3271: 3050: 1459:

By 1800, the Indian population was approximately 600,000 in what would become the

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A Good and Wise Measure: The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842

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leaving from Fort Lyon. Sheridan directed the opening month of the campaign from

3256: 3173: 3153: 3010: 3006: 2964: 2953: 2870: 2866: 2840: 2750: 2686: 2682: 2544:

helped fuel a large increase in the number of people traveling south through the

2498: 2472: 2464: 2397: 2382: 2174: 1949: 1929: 1881: 1849: 1695: 1652: 1648: 1601: 1574: 1231: 875: 823: 796: 634: 439: 277: 5243: 4226:

President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790–1795

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Talk:American Indian Wars § Missing_context_in_Sheridan's_campaigns_section

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After the expulsion of the Dakota, some refugees and warriors made their way to

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Indian War Veterans: Memories of Army Life and Campaigns in the West, 1864–1898

5089:

Custerology: The Enduring Legacy of the Indian Wars and George Armstrong Custer

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American Indian Sovereignty and the U.S. Supreme Court: The Masking of Justice

4252:

A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815

3779:

Jeffrey Ostler, the Beekman Professor of Northwest and Pacific History at the

3711:

ended in 1924 and brought the American Indian Wars to a close. This ended the

2576: 2471:

of 1855 established an unrealistically small reservation on poor land for the

2298:

gained independence from Mexico in 1836. The Texas government under President

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The Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General United States Army. Volume II

4729:, University of Texas Press (1997), pp. 141–165, trade paperback, 421 pages, 4026: 3804:'s non-academic treatment of historical events in the 1970 non-fiction book, 3589: 3547: 3493: 3440: 3292: 3245:

had led the department in 1866 but had mishandled his campaign, resulting in

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was hanged for murder in 1858. He was exonerated by Washington State in 2004.

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Battles, army posts, and the general location of tribes in the American West

1565:, the longest and most costly war that the Army ever waged against Indians. 12214: 12186: 11241: 9345: 9281: 8822: 7698: 7640: 7119: 6862: 4777: 4623: 4509:

Range of Glaciers: The Exploration and Survey of the Northern Cascade Range

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skirmish with armed Navajo men; one Navajo was killed and the rest escaped.

3611: 3607: 3536: 3479: 3452: 3421: 3361: 3106: 3086: 3018: 2985: 2981: 2916: 2858: 2754: 2652: 2608: 2545: 2488: 2266: 2254: 2190: 2186: 2108: 1981: 1893: 1662:

The Seminoles were led by "Alligator", Sam Jones, and the recently escaped

1369: 1290: 779: 749: 605: 402: 187: 5827:

David Rich Lewis, "Native Americans in the 19th-Century American West" in

4614: 4595: 4534:"A final disaster: the 1862 smallpox epidemic in coastal British Columbia" 3976:

because of the historical nature of the page and the precision of the name

3125: 765:

between colonists and the local tribes including, but not limited to, the

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American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492.

5776:"Historian Examines Native American Genocide, its Legacy, and Survivors" 3062:(Dakota). After six weeks of fighting in Minnesota, led mostly by Chief 2283:

The first notable battle between American settlers and Comanche was the

1592:

The US Army had 11 companies (about 550 soldiers) stationed in Florida.

1448: 645: 11354: 11160: 10986: 10981: 10899: 9324: 9232: 9138: 9071: 8844: 7996: 7693: 7683: 7670: 7628: 7598: 7547: 7423: 6867: 6706: 6691: 6329: 5883: 5654:

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

5600:

American Indian holocaust and survival: a population history since 1492

5539:

American Indian holocaust and survival: a population history since 1492

4290:

Hoffman, Paul (2002). "Florida's Frontiers". Indiana Press. pp. 295–304

4267:

American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492

3854: 3816:

The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest

3642: 3577: 2824: 2820: 2726: 2636: 2432: 2424: 1975: 1969: 1943: 1875: 1837: 1831: 1751: 1071: 958: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 903: 792: 721: 695: 345: 9160: 6400: 5435:"Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census" 4321:

Encyclopedia of Indian wars: western battles and skirmishes, 1850–1890

2123: 12843: 12836: 8990: 8609: 8459: 7920: 7827: 7713: 7703: 7623: 7614: 7493: 6762: 6651: 6067:

Encyclopedia of Indian wars: Western battles and skirmishes 1850–1890

3755: 3701: 3672: 3385: 3349:

and two companies of infantry, where they met up with units from the

3342: 2912: 2804: 2800: 2597: 2272: 2194: 2166: 2005: 1987: 1867: 1861: 1781: 1593: 1511: 1298: 1065: 770: 735: 229: 221: 199: 6321: 5875: 4699: 4146:, a wholly owned subsidiary of Afognak Native Corporation, July 2008 3509: 3416: 2779:, California volunteers replaced Federal troops and won the ongoing 1581:, with many of the slaves on the plantations joining the Seminoles. 1463:. By 1890, their population had declined to about 250,000. In 1800, 1440:

in 1795, which ceded Ohio and part of Indiana to the United States.

933: 791:(1688–1697) between England and France, and their Indian allies, in 11026: 10976: 9366: 9304: 9076: 8995: 7822: 7728: 7618: 7610: 7586: 7581: 7340: 7045: 6932: 6902: 6626: 6392: 4765:

The Deadliest Indian War in the West: The Snake Conflict, 1864–1868

4039:

Saint Junipero Serra, ND Faith, July 2020. University of Notre Dame

4003:"Abuse of Power: Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act of 1830" 3831: 3819: 3763: 3723:

An illustration from a 1895 text called "Conquering the wilderness"

3694: 3657: 3626: 3296: 3284: 3250: 3033: 2854: 2816: 2730: 2661: 2632: 2029: 1819: 1813: 1623: 1584: 1554: 1495: 1476: 1409: 1289:, then to the Five Lower Towns where they were joined by groups of 1207: 1157: 1149: 1126: 854: 669: 601: 211: 195: 178: 174: 141:

Many treaties, truces, and armistices made and broken by combatants

8013:

List of U.S. communities with Native American majority populations

7941:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

6203:. Oxford University Press paperback. Oxford University Press, US. 6003:

Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America

5147:. Lincoln Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 28–120. 3748: 3524:

of the Indian Wars that has been designated by the U.S. Army, the

3140:

were women and children, taking scalps and other grisly trophies.

2984:. During the early 1860s tensions increased and culminated in the 1364: 1190: 7395: 7325: 4239:

The Life and Times of Little Turtle: First Sagamore of the Wabash

3603:; skirmish between Navajo hunters & a posse of Arizona lawmen 3562: 3395:

Sheridan was called back to Washington following the election of

3300: 3071: 2880:

stationed in Utah responded to complaints, which resulted in the

1855: 1667: 1558: 1550: 1499: 1490:

Tecumseh was in the South attempting to recruit allies among the

1376: 1302: 1240: 1199: 191: 5215:. Plains Humanities Alliance | Center for Great Plains Studies. 3704:

in Utah between Ute and Paiute Indians against Mormon residents.

3443:

found the main encampment of the Lakota and their allies at the

1121:

block further American expansion. The US protested and declared

6572:

Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

6497: 6183:

Deadliest Indian War in the West: The Snake Conflict, 1864–1868

3566: 3551: 2386: 2291:

and two other children caused widespread outrage among Texans.

2250: 2092: 1443: 1342:

were frequently conducted in conjunction with campaigns in the

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Native American rights movement/Red Power movement (1968-1977)

5334:

Indian Wars of Canada, Mexico and the United States, 1812-1900

1210:

Confederacy based in New York and Pennsylvania who split: the

6480: 4661:

Nez Perce Summer, 1877: The US Army and the Nee-Me-Poo Crisis

3783:, stated, "it was genocidal war." Xabier Irujo, professor of 3744: 3596: 3400: 3288: 3246: 3059: 2560:, but the militias involved were formed mostly of Americans. 2262: 2182: 2178: 7165:

Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

6145:. Facts on File library of American history. Facts on File. 6006:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001. 5512:

American Indian Population Recovery in the Twentieth Century

5389:. Oklahoma Historical Society. 29 March 2008. Archived from 5107:

Terrible Swift Sword: The Life of General Philip H. Sheridan

4885:

The Battle of Beecher Island and the Indian War of 1867–1869

4354:

The Battle of Beecher Island and the Indian War of 1867–1869

3727: 3121:

Colorado War, Sand Creek Massacre, and the Sioux War of 1865

30:"Indian Wars" redirects here. For wars fought by India, see 5965:(Chamberlin Basin Country). Idaho Country Free Press, 1968. 5109:. Cambridge Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. pp. 229–248. 3900:

List of indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America

2733:

and his band of 24 warriors, women, and children in 1886.

1254:

When the British made peace with the Americans in the 1783

6514:

A Brief History of the War with the Indians in New-England

5950:, ed. Forrest S. Cuch. Utah State University Press, 2010. 5625:"Disease Has Never Been Just Disease for Native Americans" 5129:. New York: Charles Webster and Company. pp. 307–348. 4540:. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 172–201. 1588:

Attack of the Seminoles on the blockhouse in December 1835

13401:

United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries

5091:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 103–146. 5076:. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 30–122. 4387:"Winning the West the Army in the Indian Wars, 1865–1890" 3885:

List of battles won by indigenous peoples of the Americas

1167: 906:

as result of Swedish authorities respecting tribal land.

7891:

Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States

6533:

Introducing Native American Conflict History (NACH) data

6069:. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 4639:"How a smallpox epidemic forged modern British Columbia" 3734:

Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas

1631:

was the US Army's worst defeat at the hands of Seminoles

1487:, another pan-tribal resistance to westward settlement. 4701:

Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians v. United States

4409:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 1, 58–67. 3588:

given for Indian Wars campaigns was awarded to Private

2919:

brought to an end in 1868 after a protracted campaign.

1677:

Marines searching for the Seminoles among the mangroves

1133:. The War of 1812 spread to Indian rivalries, as well. 6256:

The Military and United States Indian Policy 1865–1903

6106:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2008. 4124:"Archaeologist May Have Found Site Of Alaska Massacre" 2619:

broke out the following year for similar reasons. The

1685: 1666:, and they were positioned in a hammock surrounded by 909: 13319: 6287:

Bellesiles, Michael A (2004). "Western Violence", in

4754:

Parry, "The Northwestern Shoshone" (2000), pp. 52–53.

4745:

Parry, "The Northwestern Shoshone" (2000), pp. 70–71.

4511:. Oregon Historical Society Press. pp. 101–114. 3895:

List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

1616:, an area of many lakes on the southwest side of the 5747: 5317:

Tucker, S., Arnold, J.R. and Wiener, R. eds., 2011.

5055:

Sheridan: The Life and Wars of General Phil Sheridan

1643:

saw the first major action of the campaign. He left

752:

of Lenape Indians and colonial New Netherlanders in

13406:

Wars between the United States and Native Americans

6021:Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987. 4140:

The Afognak Alutiiq People: Our History and Culture

3543:; minor conflict between Bannocks and the U.S. Army 3403:and Northern Cheyenne tribes. The 5th Cavalry from 6224: 2455:resulted in many miners crossing Yakama lands via 1518:, ending the resistance in the Old Northwest. The 123:Sovereignty of various combatants extended or lost 6200:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World 6093:Politics, economics and Native American conflicts 5454: 5074:Border Command: General Phil Sheridan in the West 4681:The Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre 4085:– via Defense Technical Information Center. 3675:in Utah between Ute Indians and Mormon residents. 3435:erupted when the Dakota gold rush penetrated the 3360:Custer's force attacked the Cheyenne Indians and 2565:Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 2443:signed one of the treaties negotiated during the 1651:with 1,000 men on December 19 and headed towards 1174:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 13367: 12055:Native American recognition in the United States 8304: 8241:List of Indian reservations in the United States 7906:Native American recognition in the United States 6142:Encyclopedia of Native American Wars and Warfare 6051:Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West. 5828: 5542:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 26–32. 5515:. University of New Mexico Press. pp. 1–3. 5240:"L. Frank Baum's Editorials on the Sioux Nation" 2157:resulting in the gold rush of 1875–1878 and the 1545:sought to alleviate this problem by signing the 1372:with battles and massacres between 1775 and 1794 6170:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. 5267:Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars, 1492-1890 4116: 2717:continuation of Mexican–Spanish conflicts. The 1129:, but they were ultimately defeated by General 623: 27:Frontier conflicts in North America, 1609–1890s 7966:The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC) 6528:Highlighting Native Nations in the War of 1812 5714: 3610:, Arizona: Two troops of the 5th Cavalry from 3074:in what is still today the largest penal mass 2365:. He was the son of Parker and Comanche Chief 1329:in 1780, even into Kentucky, plus against the 12452:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 10636: 8575:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 8290: 7391:Native American identity in the United States 7082: 6557: 6505:The Indian Wars and African American Soldiers 6448: 6225:Tucker, S.; Arnold, J.R.; Wiener, R. (2011). 6138: 6121:, Binfords & Mort, Portland, Oregon 1972 5918:United States Army Center of Military History 5013:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters 4971:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters 4952:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters 4872:A history of the Indians of the United States 4834:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters 4802:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters 4485: 4374:A history of the Indians of the United States 3467:Mass grave for the dead Lakota following the 3333:His winter campaign of 1868 started with the 2403:A number of wars occurred in the wake of the 1432:, which defeated the confederacy at the 1794 826:(1722–25) in northern New England and French 9499:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 8236:State-recognized tribes in the United States 8018:Modern social statistics of Native Americans 5899:; Jeffrey Ostler; University of Oregon, 2015 5803:"Genocide, kill the Indian and save the man" 5602:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 43. 5565:"How Many People Were Here Before Columbus?" 4270:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 43. 2369:, and he became a Comanche war chief at the 1444:Tecumseh, the Creek War, and the War of 1812 1251:. Many other tribes were similarly divided. 5427: 3478:ritual on the reservation at Wounded Knee, 3148:which they carried out in the January 1865 3113:, and decisively defeated the Sioux at the 2911:also engaged in the early campaigns of the 2623:in 1879 was the last conflict in the area. 2435:(1855–1858). Washington Territory Governor 681:(1610–14, 1622–32, 1644–46), including the 10650: 10643: 10629: 8297: 8283: 7212:Native Americans in the American Civil War 7096: 7089: 7075: 7021:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 7006:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 6564: 6550: 6032:Utley, Robert M. and Wilcomb E. Washburn. 5330: 4532:Boyd, Robert; Boyd, Robert Thomas (1999). 4490:. The Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, ID. 4404: 4398: 4324:. Mountain Press Publishing. p. 353. 2956:monument and historical marker in Nebraska 2888:which identified a land claim made by the 2241:settlements in the south and east. In the 1218:sided with the American Patriots, and the 57:territorial expansion of the United States 12065:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 9023:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 8219:Native American Medal of Honor recipients 7227:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans 5556: 5508: 4613: 4499: 4497: 4133: 3865:Cultural assimilation of American Indians 3728:Effects on the American Indian population 3621:, Oklahoma: Federal officials attack the 3225:Learn how and when to remove this message 1412:(Ottawa) defeated armies led by Generals 1305:. The primary targets of attack were the 1261: 1018:Learn how and when to remove this message 620:borders of the United States of America. 7577:Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887–1924) 6196: 5647: 5597: 5535: 5290: 5124: 4593: 4531: 4263: 4157:"Brief History of New Sweden in America" 3718: 3508: 3462: 3415: 3375:U.S. cavalry attacking an Indian village 3370: 3319: 3270: 3124: 3054:Settlers escaping the Dakota War of 1862 3049: 2959: 2948: 2857:, and they were greatly affected by the 2656: 2569:1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic 2563:Shortly after the Fraser Canyon War the 2493: 2322: 2271: 2233:Spanish peace treaties with the Comanche 2122: 1672: 1622: 1583: 1447: 1375: 1363: 1189: 644: 633: 418: 12116:List of counties and county equivalents 9178:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 6526:The War of 1812 at Real Peoples History 6336: 6307: 6252: 5861: 5104: 4095: 3388:, named after General Sill who died at 3163: 2215:assimilate into the American population 1353: 14: 13368: 6429: 6168:A Guide to the Indian Wars of the West 6064: 5890: 5835:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 145. 5681: 5622: 5263: 5219:from the original on December 10, 2014 5184:"History of Advertising and Marketing" 5157: 5142: 5086: 5071: 5034:Circle of fire: the Indian war of 1865 4994:Circle of fire: the Indian war of 1865 4991:Chapter 3 "Mud Springs and Rush Creek" 4903: 4897: 4567: 4503: 4494: 4464:. Texas State Historical Association. 4317: 4064: 3205:. There is a discussion about this on 1525: 1168:American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) 738:(1655), the large-scale attack by the 563:, when major Indian coalitions in the 53:European colonization of North America 10624: 10106: 9868: 9530: 8334: 8278: 7951:National Congress of American Indians 7896:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women 7859:National Congress of American Indians 7798:American Indian Religious Freedom Act 7386:Native American disease and epidemics 7160:European colonization of the Americas 7070: 6545: 6521:www.history.com; American-Indian Wars 6378: 6301:ed. by William Deverell pp: 143–161. 6291:ed. by William Deverell pp: 162–178. 5463:from the original on 31 December 2017 5138: 5136: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5100: 5098: 5067: 5065: 5063: 4933:from the original on October 19, 2013 4228:(University of Oklahoma Press, 1985). 3972:Indian has been used in keeping with 3945:European colonization of the Americas 2153:, and later discovery of gold in the 742:on several New Netherland settlements 630:European colonization of the Americas 524:, was a conflict initially fought by 127:Massive indigenous population decline 7956:National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) 7813:Native American people and Mormonism 7657:Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879) 7001:Timeline of U.S. military operations 6375:; lists over 200 books and articles. 6119:Indian Wars of the Pacific Northwest 6097:Asia-Pacific Economic History Review 5948:A History of Utah's American Indians 5897:Genocide and American Indian History 5754:. Norman Ross Pub. pp. 637–38. 5719:. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 40. 5686:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 5562: 5455:Statistics Canada (September 2013). 5363:U.S. Army Center of Military History 5237: 4601:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 4000: 3880:List of American Indian Wars weapons 3177: 2376: 1301:, as well as by more than a hundred 956:adding citations to reliable sources 927: 716:(1643–45) in the Dutch territory of 685:, between English colonists and the 672:and the French, who allied with the 8224:List of federally recognized tribes 6281: 5641: 5291:Nunnally, Michael L. (2015-06-08). 4636: 4076:School of Advanced Military Studies 3668:; the remaining four were captured. 3516:of the 25th Infantry Regiment, 1890 3424:(kneeling left), Custer's favorite 2269:allies continued until the 1870s. 1686:West of the Mississippi (1804–1924) 1471:, under the direction of President 910:East of the Mississippi (1775–1842) 761:(Metacom's Rebellion) (1675–78) in 24: 13336:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 8865:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 8855:Assassination of James A. Garfield 7987:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 7982:Black Indians in the United States 7946:Native American Rights Fund (NARF) 7222:Certificate Degree of Indian Blood 6408: 6139:Kessel, W.B.; Wooster, R. (2005). 6085: 5987:Andrew Jackson and his Indian Wars 5162:. Heritage Books. pp. 78–79. 5133: 5113: 5095: 5060: 4927:"CWSAC Battle Summary: Sand Creek" 4455: 4065:Church, Thomas R. (January 2015). 3592:of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment. 3455:'s earlier vision of victory. The 3411: 3036:, engaging in savage retribution. 2799:, and in the northeast during the 2705:, and later in California and the 2607:of 1877 is known particularly for 2303:government. The administration of 25: 13452: 11461:Director of National Intelligence 8897:Assassination of William McKinley 7911:Native American women in politics 7262:Native Americans and World War II 7247:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 6758:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 6489:Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas 6474: 6185:, 360 pages, Caxton Press, 2007, 6133:Handbook of the American Frontier 5800: 4575:. Tŝilhqot'in National Government 3794: 3697:in Utah between Utes and settlers 3504: 2427:, which led to fighting from the 2389:) had suppressed a revolt by the 1160:whose relocation was called the " 748:(1659–63), conflicts between the 13416:Wars involving the United States 13353: 13341: 13329: 11617:Government Accountability Office 10604: 10595: 10594: 10559: 10558: 9116:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 8909:Nadir of American race relations 8788:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 7543:Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877) 7531:Antelope Hills expedition (1858) 7267:American Indian boarding schools 6496:, published 1880, hosted by the 6482:Indian Wars National Association 6299:A Companion to the American West 6289:A Companion to the American West 6259:. University of Nebraska Press. 5832:A Companion to the American West 5331:Vandervort, Bruce (2007-05-07). 5213:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains 5186:. Anheuser-Busch. Archived from 4068:Operational Art in Pontiac's War 4019:10.1111/j.0018-2370.2003.00055.x 3920:United States Army Indian Scouts 3860:Captives in American Indian Wars 3818:was notable for criticizing the 3182: 2664:(right) and his warriors in 1886 2556:. This conflict occurred in the 2279:being scalped by Comanches, 1833 2245:in 1759, the Comanche and their 932: 604:. As settlers expanded onto the 491: 479: 467: 456: 444: 433: 420: 408: 396: 385: 374: 363: 350: 339: 328: 316: 304: 293: 282: 271: 260: 248: 236: 147:established in the United States 63: 13426:Civil wars in the United States 13396:First Nations history in Canada 8818:First transcontinental railroad 7961:Women of All Red Nations (WARN) 5972:New York: The New Press, 2001. 5855: 5821: 5794: 5768: 5741: 5708: 5675: 5616: 5591: 5580:from the original on 2019-01-22 5529: 5502: 5481:Snow, Dean R. (June 16, 1995). 5475: 5448: 5405: 5375: 5351: 5324: 5311: 5284: 5257: 5231: 5201: 5176: 5151: 5080: 5047: 5025: 5006: 4983: 4964: 4945: 4919: 4877: 4864: 4846: 4827: 4814: 4795: 4784:from the original on 2015-09-10 4770: 4767:. Caldwell: Caxton Press, 2007. 4757: 4748: 4739: 4714: 4693: 4674: 4653: 4630: 4587: 4570:"Commemorating Nits'il?in Ahan" 4561: 4525: 4479: 4468:from the original on 2016-04-20 4449: 4423: 4379: 4366: 4347: 4338: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4257: 4244: 4231: 4218: 4205: 4180: 4167: 4149: 2922: 2491:, a central figure of the war. 2487:and the execution of Nisqually 1297:, runaway slaves, and renegade 943:needs additional citations for 583:of 1830 that was passed by the 13411:Indigenous conflicts in Canada 13260:Separation of church and state 11476:National Reconnaissance Office 11419:President of the United States 8061:Native American Pidgin English 7866:American Indian Movement (AIM) 7242:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 7125:Archaic period in the Americas 7036:List of anti-war organizations 6359:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451 6351:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451 6053:Yardley, PA: Westholme, 2005. 5963:The Sheepeater Indian Campaign 5914:"Named Campaigns: Indian Wars" 5829:William Deverell, ed. (2008). 5623:Ostler, Jeffrey (2020-04-29). 5270:. W. W. Norton & Company. 4778:"The Diary of Lamech Chambers" 4110:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.3.0451 4089: 4058: 4042: 4033: 4001:Cave, Alfred A. (2003-12-01). 3994: 3966: 3957: 2933:Powder River Expedition (1865) 2810: 2793:California was mostly pacified 2693:from Mexico at the end of the 2249:allies defeated a Spanish and 13: 1: 7759:Battle of Kelley Creek (1911) 7535:Comanche Campaign (1867–1875) 7523:Texas–Indian wars (1836–1877) 6948:War against the Islamic State 6091:Anderson, R. Warren (2024). " 5748:Bureau of the Census (1894). 5715:Gilio-Whitaker, Dina (2019). 5497:10.1126/science.268.5217.1601 4989:"Mud Springs and Rush Creek" 4385:Section on the Bozeman Trail 3983: 3807:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee 3671:March 1914 – March 15, 1915: 3268:; Hancock had suspended him. 3039: 2929:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) 2736: 2320:followed several days later. 2098: 702:tribe and colonists from the 534:Confederate States of America 11622:Government Publishing Office 11090:Technological and industrial 9986:Hispanic and Latino American 8840:Second Industrial Revolution 8674:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 8380:Exploration of North America 8306:History of the United States 7854:Native American civil rights 7764:Battle of Bear Valley (1918) 7749:Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909) 7744:Battle of Sugar Point (1898) 7666:Rogue River Wars (1855–1856) 7293:Native American civil rights 6381:Western Historical Quarterly 5809:. University of Nevada, Reno 5573:U.S. News & World Report 4910:Minnesota Historical Society 4161:The Swedish Colonial Society 3988: 3844:List of American Indian Wars 3810:. In more academic history, 3713:post-1887 Apache Wars period 3445:Battle of the Little Bighorn 2945:Battle of the Little Bighorn 2901:Fort Hall Indian Reservation 2759:Klamath and Salmon River War 2669:hand, the administration of 2626: 2525:tribes were defeated at the 2479:. Violence broke out in the 2407:of 1846 and the creation of 2371:Second Battle of Adobe Walls 1800:Post 1887 Apache Wars period 1380:The Battle of Fallen Timbers 898:. This massacre is known as 853:(1774) in western Virginia ( 728:) between colonists and the 624:Colonial periods (1609–1774) 32:List of wars involving India 7: 13094:Women's reproductive health 12060:Federally recognized tribes 11923:Public utilities commission 11827:Public Health Service Corps 11730:Code of Federal Regulations 11612:Congressional Budget Office 11466:Central Intelligence Agency 11372:Water supply and sanitation 10799:Declaration of Independence 9510:Indictments of Donald Trump 8701:First Industrial Revolution 8535:Declaration of Independence 8525:Second Continental Congress 8207:Native American politicians 8197:Native American War Leaders 7675:Puget Sound War (1855–1856) 7661:Ghost Dance War (1890–1891) 7653:Great Sioux War (1876–1877) 7649:Red Cloud's War (1866–1868) 7633:First Sioux War (1854-1856) 7561:Chiricahua Wars (1860–1886) 7283:Native American Rights Fund 6531:Urlacher, Brian R (2021). " 6369:Indian Wars: A Bibliography 6065:Michno, F. Gregory (2009). 5457:"NHS Profile, Canada, 2011" 3855:Canadian Indian Act of 1876 3848: 3634:and quelled this rebellion. 3345:consisting of units of the 3277:Battle of Prairie Dog Creek 3115:Battle of Killdeer Mountain 3095:Battle of Dead Buffalo Lake 3070:, 38 Dakota Sioux men were 3013:, who followed the lead of 2907:. From 1864 California and 2445:Walla Walla Council of 1855 2352:Battle of Little Robe Creek 2243:Battle of the Twin Villages 1148:fiercely, most notably the 36:Indian War (disambiguation) 10: 13457: 12272:Red states and blue states 12177:City commission government 12172:Council–manager government 10107: 9869: 9531: 9402:Killing of Osama bin Laden 8490:First Continental Congress 8335: 7886:Occupation of Wounded Knee 7603:Black Hawk War (1865–1872) 7591:Battle at Fort Utah (1850) 7573:Geronimo's War (1881–1886) 7569:Victorio's War (1879–1880) 7474:American Revolutionary War 6938:War in North-West Pakistan 6788:Second Sumatran expedition 6753:American Revolutionary War 6537:Journal of Peace Research. 6418:. New York: Savas Beatie. 6339:William and Mary Quarterly 6310:William and Mary Quarterly 5989:. New York: Viking, 2001. 5905: 5864:William and Mary Quarterly 5536:Thornton, Russell (1990). 5160:The Diaries of John Hunton 5145:Phil Sheridan and His Army 4906:The Sioux Uprising of 1862 4405:Hamalainen, Pekka (2008). 4264:Thornton, Russell (1990). 4254:(Johns Hopkins U.P. 1992.) 4098:William and Mary Quarterly 3841: 3789:University of Nevada, Reno 3731: 3690:, after a brief firefight. 3680:Santa Cruz County, Arizona 3486:. Following the massacre, 3433:Great Sioux War of 1876–77 3239:Department of the Missouri 3167: 3101:on July 28, 1863, and the 3043: 2941:Great Sioux War of 1876–77 2926: 2814: 2740: 2641:Black Hawk War (1865–1872) 2630: 2558:Colony of British Columbia 2463:west of the Cascades. The 2230: 2224: 2159:Great Sioux War of 1876–77 1529: 1357: 1265: 1237:reservation at Grand River 1180:American Revolutionary War 1171: 1142:Indian Removal Act of 1830 920:Origins of the War of 1812 913: 819:Province of South Carolina 810:Province of North Carolina 627: 504:Indigenous North Americans 165:Indigenous North Americans 29: 13281: 13107: 12980: 12912: 12565: 12561: 12552: 12500: 12365: 12356: 12252: 12223: 12200: 12139: 12106: 12097: 12040: 12028:Comparison of governments 12003: 11966: 11943: 11859: 11839: 11770: 11708: 11630: 11553: 11411: 11402: 11398: 11389: 11111: 11102: 11047: 11007:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 10848:drafting and ratification 10821:Articles of Confederation 10734: 10668: 10659: 10580: 10546: 10490: 10454: 10442: 10181: 10155: 10117: 10113: 10102: 9875: 9864: 9537: 9526: 9392: 9295: 9223: 9124: 9035: 8986:Wall Street Crash of 1929 8917: 8798: 8783:Emancipation Proclamation 8714: 8637: 8585: 8552:Articles of Confederation 8505: 8390:Native American epidemics 8370: 8345: 8341: 8330: 8312: 8254: 8174: 8076: 8068:Native American languages 8038: 8005: 7974: 7929: 7846: 7808:Native American religions 7790: 7772: 7557:Jicarilla War (1849–1855) 7539:Red River War (1874–1875) 7527:Comanche Wars (1836–1877) 7404: 7306: 7232:Indian Appropriations Act 7105: 6983: 6783:First Sumatran expedition 6745: 6584: 6577: 6414:Greene, Jerome A (2007). 5937:The Northwestern Shoshone 5659:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 5598:Thornton, Russel (1990). 5509:Shoemaker, Nancy (2000). 5491:. 268 (5217): 1601–1604. 5419:. US Army. Archived from 5125:Sheridan, Philip (1888). 4929:. National Park Service. 4780:. Nrchambers.tripod.com. 4130:, Sunday, August 16, 1992 3111:Fort Pierre, South Dakota 3103:Battle of Whitestone Hill 2449:Yakama Indian Reservation 2348:Antelope Hills Expedition 2142:transcontinental railways 1726:Antelope Hills expedition 1637:Battle of Lake Okeechobee 1614:Cove of the Withlacoochee 1388:officially organized the 1154:series of wars in Florida 526:European colonial empires 157: 81: 77:pursuing American Indians 62: 50: 45: 13441:Native American genocide 13047:Prescription drug prices 12167:Mayor–council government 12157:Coterminous municipality 12147:Consolidated city-county 11913:Agriculture commissioner 11563:House of Representatives 11471:National Security Agency 11121:Contiguous United States 10472:Northern Mariana Islands 9045:Strike wave of 1945–1946 7881:Trail of Broken Treaties 7709:Hualapai War (1865–1870) 7699:Yavapai Wars (1861–1875) 7679:Coeur d'Alene War (1858) 7641:Colorado War (1863–1865) 6737:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 6697:Battle of Blair Mountain 6430:Griske, Michael (2005). 5682:Ostler, Jeffrey (2019). 5158:Griske, Michael (2005). 5105:Wheelan, Joseph (2012). 5087:Elliot, Michael (2007). 5031:"Hanging of the Chiefs" 4904:Carley, Kenneth (1961). 4594:Van Rijn, Kiran (2006). 4462:Handbook of Texas Online 4318:Michno, Gregory (2003). 3950: 3890:List of Indian massacres 3595:November 11, 1899: Near 3474:The Lakotas conducted a 2894:Indian Claims Commission 2691:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 2485:Battle of Seattle (1856) 2469:Treaty of Medicine Creek 2220: 1924:Northern Cheyenne Exodus 1570:Treaty of Paynes Landing 1461:contiguous United States 1434:Battle of Fallen Timbers 1426:Northwestern Confederacy 1281:southwest, first to the 1138:Viceroyalty of New Spain 704:Massachusetts Bay Colony 668:(1609–1701) between the 565:Midwestern United States 530:United States of America 392:Viceroyalty of New Spain 267:Kingdom of Great Britain 204:Northwestern Confederacy 173:, including the tribes: 13391:Native American history 13132:Criticism of government 12477:Social welfare programs 12070:State-recognized tribes 11055:Outline of U.S. history 10767:Continental Association 10007:Middle Eastern American 9824:Technology and industry 8694:Seneca Falls Convention 8495:Continental Association 8395:Settlement of Jamestown 8056:American Indian English 7992:Louisiana Creole people 7782:Native American studies 7734:Bannock Uprising (1895) 7689:Navajo Wars (1849–1866) 7645:Powder River War (1865) 7553:Apache Wars (1849–1924) 7371:Mesoamerican literature 7366:Indigenous Peoples' Day 7175:Partus sequitur ventrem 6996:Wars involving the U.S. 6833:Philippine–American War 6717:1960s ghetto rebellions 6516:, (1676) Online Edition 6498:Portal to Texas History 6197:Stannard, D.E. (1992). 6038:excerpt and text search 5383:"Crazy Snake Rebellion" 5359:"Indian Wars Campaigns" 5209:"Wounded Knee Massacre" 4883:"The Settler's War" of 3837: 3366:Battle of Washita River 3264:back to command of the 3158:Battle of Platte Bridge 2785:Owens Valley Indian War 2649:Long Walk of the Navajo 2550:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush 1467:became governor of the 754:Ulster County, New York 698:of 1636–38 between the 683:1622 Jamestown Massacre 640:Indian massacre of 1622 574:federal U.S. government 13386:19th-century conflicts 13381:18th-century conflicts 13376:17th-century conflicts 13194:Environmental movement 13037:Health insurance costs 12932:Educational attainment 12457:Federal Reserve System 12415:Science and technology 11918:Insurance commissioner 11456:Intelligence Community 11151:minor outlying islands 10914:Civil rights movement 10127:Admission to the Union 9493:Afghanistan withdrawal 9488:January 6 insurrection 9407:Rise in mass shootings 9379:Virginia Tech shooting 8932:Paris Peace Conference 8706:Second Great Awakening 8445:American Enlightenment 7876:Occupation of Alcatraz 7818:Native American church 7684:Mohave War (1858–1859) 7671:Yakima War (1855–1858) 7629:Sioux Wars (1854–1891) 7607:White River War (1879) 7595:Walker War (1853–1854) 7479:Cherokee–American wars 7041:Conscientious objector 6943:First Libyan Civil War 6813:Second Fiji expedition 6793:Ivory Coast expedition 6727:1992 Los Angeles riots 6687:Colorado Coalfield War 6579:Listed chronologically 6449:Kip, Lawrence (1859). 6367:Miller, Lester L. Jr. 5264:Keenan, Jerry (1999). 4486:Andrews, C.L. (1944). 3870:French and Indian Wars 3777: 3724: 3666:Battle of Kelley Creek 3556:Apache Campaign (1896) 3517: 3471: 3428: 3376: 3335:19th Kansas Volunteers 3329: 3280: 3136: 3109:led a force from near 3097:on July 26, 1863, the 3055: 2972: 2957: 2747:California Indian Wars 2665: 2581:indigenous sovereignty 2506: 2423:of 1847 triggered the 2334: 2280: 2128: 2117:Treaty of Fort Laramie 2060:Battle of Kelley Creek 1912:Yellowstone Expedition 1678: 1632: 1589: 1579:St. Augustine, Florida 1465:William Henry Harrison 1456: 1453:Treaty of Fort Jackson 1381: 1373: 1287:Chattanooga, Tennessee 1268:Cherokee–American wars 1262:Cherokee–American wars 1203: 1131:William Henry Harrison 1042:Cherokee–American wars 967:"American Indian Wars" 657: 642: 585:United States Congress 569:Southern United States 542:American Indian tribes 518:American Frontier Wars 208:Tecumseh's Confederacy 34:. For other uses, see 13421:Wars involving Canada 13020:Immigrant health care 12535:Transportation safety 12530:Transportation policy 12520:Public transportation 11590:President pro tempore 11446:Executive departments 11215:National Park Service 10870:Territorial evolution 10119:Territorial evolution 9483:George Floyd Protests 9466:Unite the Right rally 9335:Oklahoma City bombing 9330:Republican Revolution 9277:Space Shuttle program 9099:Civil Rights Movement 9067:North Atlantic Treaty 8875:Sherman Antitrust Act 8860:Chinese Exclusion Act 8450:French and Indian War 8440:Prelude to Revolution 8425:First Great Awakening 8385:European colonization 7739:Yaqui Uprising (1896) 7714:Modoc War (1872–1873) 7704:Snake War (1864–1869) 7619:Bluff Skirmish (1921) 7615:Bluff War (1914–1915) 7565:Tonto War (1871–1875) 7316:Mississippian culture 7279:Civil rights movement 7180:Five Civilized Tribes 7011:Territorial evolution 6991:Conflicts in the U.S. 6913:Intervention in Haiti 6803:First Fiji expedition 6117:Glassley, Ray Hoard. 5238:Hastings, A. Waller. 5143:Hutton, Paul (1985). 5072:Rister, Carl (1944). 4853:"Julesburg to Latham" 4615:10.3138/cbmh.23.2.541 4237:Harvey Lewis Carter, 3875:Indian Campaign Medal 3772: 3732:Further information: 3722: 3684:Battle of Bear Valley 3656:occurred; a group of 3650:Washoe County, Nevada 3619:Crazy Snake Rebellion 3601:Padre Canyon incident 3582:Battle of Sugar Point 3512: 3484:Wounded Knee Massacre 3469:Wounded Knee Massacre 3466: 3419: 3374: 3323: 3274: 3128: 3085:lands in what is now 3053: 2963: 2952: 2890:Northwestern Shoshone 2878:California Volunteers 2833:Black Hawk War (Utah) 2763:Pitt River Expedition 2709:during and after the 2660: 2621:Sheepeater Indian War 2497: 2381:On 1–4 October 1804, 2359:Battle of Pease River 2326: 2275: 2138:Homestead Act of 1862 2133:Pike's Peak Gold Rush 2126: 2072:Battle of Bear Valley 2054:Crazy Snake Rebellion 2048:Battle of Sugar Point 1676: 1626: 1606:wiped out the command 1587: 1455:with the Creeks, 1814 1451: 1379: 1367: 1335:Alexander McGillivray 1193: 914:Further information: 884:French and Indian War 650:Siege of Fort Detroit 648: 637: 628:Further information: 610:Western United States 381:Council of the Indies 300:British North America 13431:Civil wars in Canada 13189:Environmental issues 12854:Political ideologies 12753:Indigenous languages 11953:List of legislatures 11750:separation of powers 11451:Independent agencies 11377:World Heritage Sites 11012:September 11 attacks 10935:Spanish–American War 10875:Mexican–American War 10831:Confederation period 10762:Continental Congress 10033:Palestinian American 9460:Obergefell v. Hodges 9352:September 11 attacks 9188:Second-wave feminism 9109:Cuban Missile Crisis 8969:Bath School disaster 8887:Spanish–American War 8850:The Gospel of Wealth 8729:California Gold Rush 8689:Mexican–American War 8679:Nullification crisis 8647:Era of Good Feelings 8547:Confederation period 8455:Proclamation of 1763 8405:Atlantic slave trade 7754:Last Massacre (1911) 7719:Nez Perce War (1877) 7587:Ute Wars (1850–1923) 7484:Northwest Indian War 7237:Racial Integrity Act 6873:Bay of Pigs Invasion 6828:Spanish–American War 6798:Mexican–American War 6722:Kent State shootings 6712:Puerto Rican revolts 6642:American Indian Wars 6253:Wooster, R. (1995). 5780:University of Oregon 5563:Lord, Lewis (1997). 4822:The newspaper Indian 4568:Swanky, Tom (2019). 4250:Gregory Evans Dowd, 4188:"Indian Removal Act" 4173:Francis M. Carroll, 4122:John Enders (1992), 3974:page name guidelines 3910:North-West Rebellion 3781:University of Oregon 3561:August 12-14, 1896: 3347:5th Cavalry Regiment 3195:confusing or unclear 3164:Sheridan's campaigns 3099:Battle of Stony Lake 2773:California Gold Rush 2711:California Gold Rush 2703:New Mexico Territory 2695:Mexican–American War 2671:Tomás Vélez Cachupín 2542:California Gold Rush 2527:Battle of Four Lakes 2413:Washington Territory 2340:Comanche–Mexico Wars 2318:Battle of Plum Creek 2285:Fort Parker massacre 2024:North-West Rebellion 1744:Buffalo Hunters' War 1516:Battle of the Thames 1504:Battle of Tippecanoe 1438:Treaty of Greenville 1360:Northwest Indian War 1354:Northwest Indian War 1331:Franklin settlements 1245:Chickamauga Cherokee 1048:Northwest Indian War 952:improve this article 801:Province of New York 784:Province of Carolina 687:Powhatan Confederacy 516:, also known as the 514:American Indian Wars 138:of indigenous tribes 46:American Indian Wars 18:American Indian wars 13032:Health care finance 12525:Rail transportation 12291:Imperial presidency 12013:State constitutions 11958:List of legislators 11908:Auditor/Comptroller 11881:Lieutenant governor 11607:Library of Congress 11498:Diplomatic Security 11141:Indian reservations 10804:American Revolution 10482:U.S. Virgin Islands 9968:Lithuanian American 9924:Vietnamese American 9270:End of the Cold War 9260:Invasion of Grenada 9210:Iran hostage crisis 8959:Tulsa race massacre 8766:Election of Lincoln 8761:Dred Scott decision 8749:Kansas–Nebraska Act 8652:Missouri Compromise 8570:Northwest Ordinance 8560:Pennsylvania Mutiny 8555:and Perpetual Union 8515:American Revolution 8430:War of Jenkins' Ear 8030:Reservation poverty 7975:Ethnic subdivisions 7847:Political movements 7508:Second Seminole War 7419:Anglo-Powhatan Wars 6888:Invasion of Grenada 6883:Dominican Civil War 6181:Michno, Gregory F. 6166:McDermott, John D. 6017:Thornton, Russell. 6000:Richter, Daniel K. 5321:(Vol. 1). ABC-CLIO. 4488:The Story of Alaska 4407:The Comanche Empire 4192:Library of Congress 3935:California genocide 3915:Red River Rebellion 3700:March 20–23, 1923: 3541:Bannock War of 1895 3526:Pine Ridge Campaign 3243:Winfield S. Hancock 3203:clarify the section 3150:Battle of Julesburg 3134:Sand Creek massacre 3003:Colorado Volunteers 2990:Sand Creek Massacre 2978:Treaty of Fort Wise 2882:Bear River Massacre 2789:Arizona Territories 2743:California genocide 2600:from 1864 to 1868. 2594:Bear River Massacre 2534:Rogue River peoples 2447:, establishing the 2310:Council House Fight 2277:Josiah P. Wilbarger 2000:Red River Rebellion 1826:Battle at Fort Utah 1618:Withlacoochee River 1563:Second Seminole War 1532:Second Seminole War 1526:Second Seminole War 1390:Northwest Territory 1386:Northwest Ordinance 1344:Northwest Territory 1309:colonies along the 1307:Washington District 1247:; they were led by 1104:Second Seminole War 1036:American Revolution 679:Anglo-Powhatan Wars 614:Indian reservations 592:to the west on the 550:American Revolution 323:First French Empire 145:Indian reservations 136:forced assimilation 13142:affirmative action 13115:Capital punishment 13074:Poverty and health 13069:Physician shortage 13042:Health care prices 12972:Standard of living 12655:standard of living 12462:Financial position 12089:Hawaiian home land 12077:Indian reservation 12050:Tribal sovereignty 11893:Secretary of state 11762:United States Code 11678:Territorial courts 11650:Associate Justices 11535:Inspector generals 11022:War in Afghanistan 10885:Reconstruction era 10752:Stamp Act Congress 10132:Historical regions 10088:Transgender people 9646:Capital punishment 9505:Support of Ukraine 9454:Black Lives Matter 9362:War in Afghanistan 9287:Invasion of Panama 9243:Iran–Contra affair 9104:Early–mid Cold War 8974:Harlem Renaissance 8833:Compromise of 1877 8808:Reconstruction era 8744:Fugitive Slave Act 8739:Compromise of 1850 8684:Westward expansion 8622:Louisiana Purchase 8465:Stamp Act Congress 8410:King William's War 7931:Civic and economic 7916:Tribal sovereignty 7871:Red Power Movement 7838:Longhouse Religion 7773:Education, science 7724:Bannock War (1878) 7518:American Civil War 7469:Lord Dunmore's War 7257:Blood quantum laws 7140:Post-Classic stage 6928:War in Afghanistan 6898:Invasion of Panama 6893:Lebanese Civil War 6818:Formosa Expedition 6778:Second Barbary War 6732:2020 racial unrest 6667:Johnson County War 6662:Lincoln County War 6637:American Civil War 6632:Harpers Ferry raid 6607:Turner's Rebellion 6434:. Heritage Books. 6131:Heard, J. Norman. 6043:2016-03-22 at the 5942:2016-10-02 at the 5413:"Squadron History" 4858:2013-01-17 at the 4707:2009-07-25 at the 4659:Jerome A. Greene: 4456:Krenek, Thomas H. 4438:. Versión impresa 4392:2010-02-19 at the 3725: 3648:January 19, 1911: 3518: 3472: 3429: 3377: 3330: 3281: 3137: 3117:on July 28, 1864. 3068:Mankato, Minnesota 3056: 3046:Dakota War of 1862 2998:Dakota War of 1862 2973: 2958: 2849:The tribes of the 2845:Pinhook Draw fight 2777:American Civil War 2666: 2645:Apache–Mexico Wars 2546:Rogue River Valley 2540:of 1855–1856. The 2507: 2461:Puget Sound region 2385:(now the state of 2335: 2314:Great Raid of 1840 2289:Cynthia Ann Parker 2281: 2211:American Civil War 2203:Great Lakes region 2129: 1679: 1633: 1590: 1547:Indian Removal Act 1520:First Seminole War 1457: 1422:St. Clair's defeat 1382: 1374: 1350:in November 1794. 1348:Tellico Blockhouse 1204: 1110:Third Seminole War 1080:First Seminole War 868:King William's War 851:Lord Dunmore's War 846:Great Lakes region 789:King William's War 708:Connecticut Colony 691:Colony of Virginia 658: 643: 581:Indian Removal Act 532:, and briefly the 499:Confederate States 312:Dominion of Canada 256:Kingdom of England 101:with spillover in 13436:King Philip's War 13317: 13316: 13277: 13276: 13273: 13272: 13243:National security 12952:Income inequality 12832:Statue of Liberty 12635:income inequality 12548: 12547: 12540:Trucking industry 12352: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12279:Foreign relations 12267:Electoral College 12248: 12247: 12036: 12035: 11988:District attorney 11835: 11834: 11662:Courts of appeals 11385: 11384: 11098: 11097: 11039:COVID-19 pandemic 10992:Feminist Movement 10838:American frontier 10757:Thirteen Colonies 10618: 10617: 10576: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10137:American frontier 10098: 10097: 10028:Lebanese American 10013:Egyptian American 9948:Estonian American 9938:Albanian American 9932:European American 9909:Japanese American 9899:Filipino American 9860: 9859: 9522: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9471:COVID-19 pandemic 9374:Hurricane Katrina 9315:Los Angeles riots 9205:Watergate scandal 9050:Start of Cold War 9018:Manhattan Project 8605:Whiskey Rebellion 8435:King George's War 8400:Thirteen Colonies 8361:Pre-Columbian Era 8272: 8271: 7803:Eagle feather law 7694:Paiute War (1860) 7637:Dakota War (1862) 7599:Tintic War (1856) 7513:Osage Indian War 7444:King Philip's War 7064: 7063: 7026:Casualties of war 6858:Russian Civil War 6823:Korean Expedition 6768:First Barbary War 6647:Brooks–Baxter War 6602:Fries's Rebellion 6597:Whiskey Rebellion 6512:Increase Mather, 6462:978-0-548-50401-7 6441:978-0-7884-3804-2 6266:978-0-8032-9767-8 6238:978-1-85109-697-8 6210:978-0-19-508557-0 6152:978-0-8160-6430-4 6076:978-0-87842-468-9 5984:Remini, Robert V. 5956:978-0-91373-849-8 5842:978-1-4051-3848-2 5782:. 20 January 2021 5761:978-0-88354-462-4 5726:978-0-8070-7378-0 5693:978-0-300-24526-4 5668:978-0-547-64098-3 5609:978-0-8061-2220-5 5549:978-0-8061-2220-5 5522:978-0-8263-2289-0 5387:Oklahoma Journeys 5344:978-1-134-59091-9 5304:978-1-4766-0446-6 5277:978-0-393-31915-6 5169:978-0-7884-3804-2 5053:Roy Morris, Jr., 5043:978-0-8117-0061-0 5021:978-0-8061-1577-1 5002:978-0-8117-0061-0 4979:978-0-8061-1577-1 4960:978-0-8061-1577-1 4842:978-0-8061-1577-1 4810:978-0-8061-1577-1 4763:Michno, Gregory, 4735:978-0-292-79109-1 4669:978-0-917298-82-0 4637:Ostroff, Joshua. 4547:978-0-295-97837-6 4518:978-0-87595-243-7 4416:978-0-300-12654-9 4331:978-0-87842-468-9 4128:The Seattle Times 3940:Texas–Indian wars 3925:American frontier 3760:pneumonic plagues 3678:January 9, 1918: 3576:October 5, 1898: 3546:April-June 1896: 3528:, ended in 1891. 3235: 3234: 3227: 3078:in U.S. history. 2909:Oregon Volunteers 2863:California Trails 2697:in 1848, and the 2585:indigenous rights 2554:Fraser Canyon War 2511:Coeur d'Alene War 2417:Pacific Northwest 2377:Pacific Northwest 2332:Texas–Indian wars 2305:Mirabeau B. Lamar 2296:Republic of Texas 2227:Texas–Indian wars 2080: 2079: 1964:Fraser Canyon War 1956:Coeur d'Alene War 1732:Comanche Campaign 1714:Texas–Indian wars 1469:Indiana Territory 1394:George Washington 1319:Nolichucky Rivers 1283:Chickamauga Creek 1194:The abduction of 1185:Mississippi River 1118: 1117: 1028: 1027: 1020: 1002: 892:Sitkalidak Island 880:King George's War 844:(1763–66) in the 817:(1715–17) in the 808:(1711–15) in the 782:(1675–77) in the 759:King Philip's War 710:and allied tribes 594:American frontier 590:Mississippi River 557:American settlers 538:Republic of Texas 510: 509: 487:Republic of Texas 335:Kingdom of France 153: 152: 16:(Redirected from 13448: 13358: 13357: 13356: 13346: 13345: 13344: 13334: 13333: 13332: 13325: 13297: 13290: 13177:African American 13059:Health insurance 12947:Household income 12817:National symbols 12748:American English 12721:Federal holidays 12630:household income 12563: 12562: 12559: 12558: 12363: 12362: 12301:Anti-Americanism 12225:Special district 12152:Independent city 12121:County executive 12104: 12103: 11898:Attorney general 11857: 11856: 11846:Federal District 11429:Executive Office 11409: 11408: 11400: 11399: 11396: 11395: 11156:populated places 11136:federal enclaves 11131:federal district 11109: 11108: 10972:American Century 10955:Great Depression 10950:Roaring Twenties 10910:Women's suffrage 10789:Halifax Resolves 10782:Founding Fathers 10777:military history 10742:Pre-colonial era 10666: 10665: 10645: 10638: 10631: 10622: 10621: 10608: 10598: 10597: 10562: 10561: 10491:Outlying islands 10448:Washington, D.C. 10443:Federal District 10142:Manifest destiny 10115: 10114: 10104: 10103: 10046:Native Americans 10018:Iranian American 9992:Mexican American 9978:Serbian American 9963:Italian American 9953:Finnish American 9943:English American 9894:Chinese American 9881:African American 9866: 9865: 9671:Direct democracy 9661:The Constitution 9620:Higher education 9543:American Century 9528: 9527: 8981:Great Depression 8954:Women's suffrage 8944:Roaring Twenties 8870:Haymarket affair 8828:Enforcement Acts 8617:Jeffersonian era 8565:Shays' Rebellion 8485:Intolerable Acts 8480:Boston Tea Party 8415:Queen Anne's War 8343: 8342: 8332: 8331: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8276: 8275: 8182:Native Americans 8051:American English 7624:Posey War (1923) 7341:Iroquois culture 7207:Indian Territory 7155:Age of Discovery 7091: 7084: 7077: 7068: 7067: 7016:Military history 6975:Yemeni civil war 6908:Somali Civil War 6808:Second Opium War 6677:Homestead strike 6592:Shays' Rebellion 6566: 6559: 6552: 6543: 6542: 6494:John Henry Brown 6466: 6445: 6404: 6371:(US Army, 1988) 6362: 6333: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6080: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5920:. Archived from 5900: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5649:Reséndez, Andrés 5645: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5569: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5506: 5500: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5328: 5322: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5242:. Archived from 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5111: 5110: 5102: 5093: 5092: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5069: 5058: 5051: 5045: 5029: 5023: 5010: 5004: 4987: 4981: 4968: 4962: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4901: 4895: 4881: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4850: 4844: 4831: 4825: 4820:John M. Coward, 4818: 4812: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4774: 4768: 4761: 4755: 4752: 4746: 4743: 4737: 4727:David E. Wilkins 4718: 4712: 4697: 4691: 4678: 4672: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4617: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4501: 4492: 4491: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4453: 4447: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4402: 4396: 4383: 4377: 4370: 4364: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4291: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4261: 4255: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4222: 4216: 4213:People's History 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4184: 4178: 4177:(2001) pp. 23–25 4171: 4165: 4164: 4153: 4147: 4137: 4131: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4073: 4062: 4056: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4013:(6): 1330–1353. 3998: 3977: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3905:Manifest destiny 3812:Francis Jennings 3785:genocide studies 3514:Buffalo Soldiers 3489:The Wizard of Oz 3451:and inspired by 3230: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3186: 3185: 3178: 3170:Washita Massacre 3030:Smoky Hill Trail 3028:, and along the 2969:Fort Phil Kearny 2886:Box Elder Treaty 2803:(1864–1868) and 2699:Gadsden Purchase 2538:Rogue River Wars 2421:Whitman massacre 2409:Oregon Territory 2140:and the growing 2036:Bannock Uprising 1938:Rogue River Wars 1900:Powder River War 1708:Osage Indian War 1690: 1689: 1473:Thomas Jefferson 1418:Arthur St. Clair 1327:Fort Nashborough 1323:Cumberland River 1030: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1003: 1001: 960: 936: 928: 916:Sixty Years' War 872:Queen Anne's War 598:Indian Territory 596:, especially to 540:against various 497: 495: 494: 485: 483: 482: 473: 471: 470: 461: 460: 450: 448: 447: 438: 437: 436: 430: 426: 424: 423: 413: 412: 411: 401: 400: 399: 390: 389: 388: 379: 378: 377: 370:Kingdom of Spain 368: 367: 366: 356: 354: 353: 344: 343: 342: 333: 332: 331: 321: 320: 319: 310: 308: 307: 298: 297: 296: 287: 286: 285: 276: 275: 274: 265: 264: 263: 254: 252: 251: 241: 240: 239: 179:Creek (Muscogee) 171:American Indians 83: 82: 71:chromolithograph 67: 43: 42: 21: 13456: 13455: 13451: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13445: 13366: 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9904:Indian American 9871: 9856: 9711:Merchant Marine 9681:Law enforcement 9533: 9514: 9388: 9384:Great Recession 9291: 9265:Reagan Doctrine 9219: 9198:Stonewall riots 9120: 9094:Project Mercury 9055:Truman Doctrine 9031: 8939:First Red Scare 8913: 8882:Progressive Era 8794: 8754:Bleeding Kansas 8710: 8657:Monroe Doctrine 8633: 8581: 8540:Treaty of Paris 8501: 8475:Boston Massacre 8470:Sons of Liberty 8366: 8337: 8326: 8308: 8303: 8273: 8268: 8250: 8170: 8072: 8034: 8001: 7970: 7934: 7932: 7925: 7842: 7786: 7774: 7768: 7729:Crow War (1887) 7400: 7326:Hohokam culture 7302: 7145:Woodland period 7130:Formative stage 7101: 7098:Native American 7095: 7065: 7060: 6979: 6838:Boxer Rebellion 6741: 6622:Bleeding Kansas 6580: 6573: 6570: 6477: 6463: 6442: 6411: 6409:Primary sources 6322:10.2307/1922410 6284: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6088: 6086:Further reading 6083: 6077: 6045:Wayback Machine 5961:Parker, Aaron. 5944:Wayback Machine 5927: 5925: 5912: 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Shoup 3007:John Chivington 2965:Wagon Box Fight 2954:Massacre Canyon 2947: 2937:Red Cloud's War 2927:Main articles: 2925: 2871:Lewis and Clark 2867:Mormon pioneers 2847: 2841:White River War 2815:Main articles: 2813: 2769: 2751:Gila Expedition 2741:Main articles: 2739: 2687:Alta California 2683:Diego de Vargas 2655: 2631:Main articles: 2629: 2477:Puyallup tribes 2465:Puget Sound War 2398:battle of Sitka 2383:Russian America 2379: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2187:Northern Plains 2175:Nez Perce tribe 2151:Red Cloud's War 2149:, which led to 2101: 1950:Puget Sound War 1930:Ghost Dance War 1918:Great Sioux War 1906:Red Cloud's War 1882:First Sioux War 1850:White River War 1770:Chiricahua Wars 1696:Battle of Sitka 1688: 1653:Lake Okeechobee 1649:Kissimmee River 1602:Francis L. Dade 1575:Richard K. Call 1538: 1530:Main articles: 1528: 1446: 1362: 1356: 1325:beginning with 1270: 1264: 1256:Treaty of Paris 1176: 1170: 1024: 1013: 1007: 1004: 961: 959: 949: 937: 926: 912: 900:Awa'uq Massacre 632: 626: 501: 492: 490: 489: 480: 478: 477: 468: 466: 465: 455: 454: 445: 443: 442: 440:Russian America 434: 432: 431: 421: 419: 417: 409: 407: 406: 397: 395: 394: 386: 384: 383: 375: 373: 372: 364: 362: 361: 351: 349: 348: 340: 338: 337: 329: 327: 326: 317: 315: 314: 305: 303: 302: 294: 292: 291: 283: 281: 280: 278:British America 272: 270: 269: 261: 259: 258: 249: 247: 246: 237: 235: 234: 214: 210: 182: 169: 113: 75:U.S. Cavalrymen 68: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13454: 13444: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13363: 13362: 13350: 13348:Modern history 13338: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13311: 13306: 13299: 13298: 13291: 13283: 13282: 13279: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13251: 13250: 13240: 13239: 13238: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13211:Mass shootings 13208: 13203: 13202: 13201: 13199:Climate change 13196: 13186: 13181: 13180: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13137:Discrimination 13134: 13129: 13128: 13127: 13117: 13111: 13109: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13029: 13028: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12992: 12986: 12984: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12927:American Dream 12924: 12918: 12916: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12894:Transportation 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12840: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12827:Mount Rushmore 12824: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12798: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12767: 12762: 12761: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12724: 12723: 12713: 12708: 12707: 12706: 12696: 12691: 12686: 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12137: 12136: 12134: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12112: 12110: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12091: 12086: 12085: 12084: 12074: 12073: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12052: 12046: 12044: 12038: 12037: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12009: 12007: 12001: 12000: 11998: 11997: 11996: 11995: 11985: 11984: 11983: 11981:Chief justices 11976:Supreme courts 11972: 11970: 11964: 11963: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11949: 11947: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11937: 11936: 11935: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11865: 11863: 11854: 11837: 11836: 11833: 11832: 11830: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11815:National Guard 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11776: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11764: 11759: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11732: 11727: 11726: 11725: 11718:Bill of Rights 11714: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11691: 11690: 11688:list of judges 11685: 11683:list of courts 11671: 11670: 11669: 11667:list of judges 11659: 11658: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11636: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11602:Capitol Police 11599: 11598: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11559: 11557: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11531: 11530: 11525: 11523:Secret Service 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11436:Vice President 11433: 11432: 11431: 11426: 11415: 11413: 11406: 11393: 11387: 11386: 11383: 11382: 11380: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11363: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11316: 11315: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11224: 11223: 11222: 11220:National Parks 11212: 11211: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11180: 11175: 11173:Extreme points 11170: 11165: 11164: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11112: 11106: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11051: 11049: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10968: 10967: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10860:Federalist Era 10857: 10856: 10855: 10853:Bill of Rights 10850: 10840: 10835: 10834: 10833: 10828: 10818: 10817: 10816: 10811: 10801: 10796: 10794:Lee Resolution 10791: 10786: 10785: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10744: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10672: 10670: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: articles 10648: 10647: 10640: 10633: 10625: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10612: 10602: 10592: 10590:Historiography 10587: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10566: 10556: 10550: 10548: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10528:Navassa Island 10525: 10520: 10515: 10513:Johnston Atoll 10510: 10505: 10503:Howland Island 10500: 10494: 10492: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10462:American Samoa 10458: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10446: 10444: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10384:South Carolina 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10349:North Carolina 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10173:The West Coast 10170: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10149: 10147:Indian removal 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10123: 10121: 10111: 10110: 10100: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10092: 10091: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10068: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10038:Saudi American 10035: 10030: 10025: 10023:Iraqi American 10020: 10015: 10003: 9996: 9995: 9994: 9982: 9981: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9958:Irish American 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9888:Asian American 9884: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9862: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9816:Sexual slavery 9806: 9799: 9792: 9791: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9753: 9752: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9714: 9707: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9686:Postal service 9683: 9678: 9676:Foreign policy 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9631: 9624: 9623: 9622: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9596: 9595: 9594: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9553: 9546: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9524: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9468: 9463: 9456: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9404: 9398: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9364: 9354: 9349: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9301: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9252: 9250:Crack epidemic 9247: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9229: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9215:Moral Majority 9212: 9207: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9193:Gay liberation 9190: 9185: 9183:Counterculture 9180: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9171:Fall of Saigon 9168: 9163: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9149:Apollo program 9146: 9144:Project Gemini 9136: 9130: 9128: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9062:Early Cold War 9059: 9058: 9057: 9047: 9041: 9039: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9015: 9010: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8941: 8936: 8935: 8934: 8923: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8911: 8906: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8879: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8842: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8804: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8775: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8746: 8741: 8734:Prelude to War 8731: 8726: 8724:Antebellum Era 8720: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8669:Trail of Tears 8664:Jacksonian era 8661: 8660: 8659: 8654: 8643: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8614: 8613: 8612: 8607: 8600:Federalist Era 8597: 8595:Bill of Rights 8591: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8530:Lee Resolution 8527: 8522: 8511: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8376: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8357: 8349: 8347: 8339: 8338: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8302: 8301: 8294: 8287: 8279: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8221: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8146:North Carolina 8143: 8138: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8042: 8040: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8009: 8007: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7937: 7935: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7850: 7848: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7778: 7776: 7775:and technology 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7668: 7663: 7626: 7621: 7611:Ute War (1887) 7584: 7579: 7550: 7545: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7434:Peach Tree War 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7331:Plains Indians 7328: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7298:Discrimination 7295: 7290: 7285: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7202:Trail of Tears 7199: 7197:Indian removal 7194: 7193: 7192: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7111: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7094: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7071: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7031:Peace movement 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6749: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6682:Pullman Strike 6679: 6674: 6672:Coal Creek War 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6617:Dorr Rebellion 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6529: 6523: 6518: 6509: 6501: 6485: 6476: 6475:External links 6473: 6472: 6471: 6461: 6446: 6440: 6427: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6393:10.2307/971327 6387:(2): 149–163. 6376: 6365: 6364: 6363: 6345:(3): 451–512. 6305: 6295: 6283: 6282:Historiography 6280: 6279: 6278: 6265: 6250: 6237: 6222: 6209: 6194: 6179: 6164: 6151: 6136: 6129: 6115: 6102:Barnes, Jeff. 6100: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6075: 6062: 6047: 6030: 6015: 5998: 5981: 5968:Raphael, Ray. 5966: 5959: 5933: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5889: 5854: 5841: 5820: 5793: 5767: 5760: 5740: 5725: 5707: 5692: 5674: 5667: 5661:. p. 17. 5640: 5615: 5608: 5590: 5555: 5548: 5528: 5521: 5501: 5474: 5447: 5426: 5423:on 2005-04-19. 5417:1-10th Cavalry 5404: 5374: 5350: 5343: 5323: 5310: 5303: 5283: 5276: 5256: 5230: 5200: 5175: 5168: 5150: 5132: 5112: 5094: 5079: 5059: 5057:(1992) p. 299. 5046: 5024: 5005: 4982: 4963: 4944: 4918: 4912:. p. 65. 4896: 4876: 4863: 4845: 4826: 4824:, pp. 102–110. 4813: 4794: 4769: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4713: 4692: 4673: 4652: 4629: 4608:(2): 541–560. 4586: 4560: 4546: 4524: 4517: 4493: 4478: 4448: 4422: 4415: 4397: 4378: 4365: 4346: 4344:Michno, p. 367 4337: 4330: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4276: 4256: 4243: 4230: 4217: 4204: 4179: 4166: 4148: 4132: 4115: 4104:(3): 451–512. 4088: 4057: 4041: 4032: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3965: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3850: 3847: 3842:Main article: 3839: 3836: 3828:Jeffrey Ostler 3796: 3795:Historiography 3793: 3729: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3705: 3698: 3695:Bluff Skirmish 3691: 3676: 3669: 3646: 3635: 3615: 3604: 3593: 3586:Medal of Honor 3574: 3571:Yaqui Uprising 3559: 3544: 3506: 3505:Last conflicts 3503: 3457:Anheuser-Busch 3413: 3410: 3405:Fort McPherson 3262:General Custer 3233: 3232: 3215:September 2024 3190: 3188: 3181: 3165: 3162: 3122: 3119: 3044:Main article: 3041: 3038: 2924: 2921: 2905:Washakie, Utah 2812: 2809: 2781:Bald Hills War 2738: 2735: 2707:Utah Territory 2628: 2625: 2529:in late 1858. 2513:. The Yakama, 2378: 2375: 2350:marked by the 2225:Main article: 2222: 2219: 2105:Santa Fe Trail 2100: 2097: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2042:Yaqui Uprising 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1953: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1844:Black Hawk War 1841: 1835: 1829: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1794:Geronimo's War 1791: 1788:Victorio's War 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1687: 1684: 1641:Zachary Taylor 1543:Andrew Jackson 1527: 1524: 1485:Tecumseh's War 1445: 1442: 1408:(Lenape), and 1358:Main article: 1355: 1352: 1279:Dragging Canoe 1275:Overhill Towns 1266:Main article: 1263: 1260: 1249:Dragging Canoe 1172:Main article: 1169: 1166: 1162:Trail of Tears 1116: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1092:Black Hawk War 1089: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1060:Tecumseh's War 1051: 1045: 1039: 1026: 1025: 940: 938: 931: 911: 908: 863: 862: 848: 839: 821: 812: 803: 786: 777: 756: 743: 733: 718:New Netherland 711: 693: 676: 625: 622: 508: 507: 415:New Netherland 358:Spanish Empire 289:United Kingdom 243:British Empire 218: 216:Alaska Natives 160: 159: 155: 154: 151: 150: 149: 148: 142: 139: 129: 124: 119: 115: 114: 97: 95: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 60: 59: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13453: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13361: 13360:North America 13351: 13349: 13339: 13337: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13296: 13292: 13289: 13285: 13284: 13280: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13249: 13246: 13245: 13244: 13241: 13237: 13234: 13233: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13184:Energy policy 13182: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13126: 13125:incarceration 13123: 13122: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13034: 13033: 13030: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13010:Prenatal care 13008: 13006: 13005:Birth control 13003: 13001: 12998: 12997: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12979: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12942:Homeownership 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12772: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12705: 12702: 12701: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12674: 12673: 12670: 12666: 12665:working class 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12625:homeownership 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12612: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12551: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12405:Manufacturing 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12372: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12355: 12341: 12338: 12334: 12333:Third parties 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12316: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12298: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12285: 12282: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12254: 12251: 12239: 12236: 12235: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12222: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12203: 12199: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12138: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12109: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12096: 12090: 12087: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12057: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12039: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12010: 12008: 12006: 12002: 11994: 11991: 11990: 11989: 11986: 11982: 11979: 11978: 11977: 11974: 11973: 11971: 11969: 11965: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11950: 11948: 11946: 11942: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11887: 11884: 11883: 11882: 11879: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11847: 11842: 11838: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11769: 11763: 11760: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11707: 11701: 11700:U.S. attorney 11698: 11696: 11693: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11668: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11660: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11645:Chief Justice 11643: 11642: 11641: 11640:Supreme Court 11638: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11629: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11546: 11545:Public policy 11543: 11541: 11540:Civil service 11538: 11536: 11533: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11458: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11420: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11401: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11388: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11229: 11228: 11225: 11221: 11218: 11217: 11216: 11213: 11209: 11208:Sierra Nevada 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11185: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11146:insular zones 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11118: 11117: 11114: 11113: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11101: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11046: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11018: 11017:War on Terror 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10997:LGBT Movement 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10823: 10822: 10819: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10806: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10658: 10653: 10652:United States 10646: 10641: 10639: 10634: 10632: 10627: 10626: 10623: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10601: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10585:List of years 10583: 10582: 10579: 10565: 10557: 10555: 10554:Urban history 10552: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10533:Palmyra Atoll 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10508:Jarvis Island 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10489: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10455:Insular areas 10453: 10449: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10424:West Virginia 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10329:New Hampshire 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10289:Massachusetts 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10180: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10154: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10105: 10101: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10067: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10049: 10048: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10008: 10004: 10002: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9934: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9919:Thai American 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9891: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9883: 9882: 9878: 9877: 9874: 9867: 9863: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9807: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9798: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9757:Party Systems 9754: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9708: 9706: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9696:Voting rights 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9637: 9636: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9554: 9552: 9551: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9540: 9539: 9536: 9529: 9525: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9500: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9461: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9358: 9357:War on terror 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9294: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9257: 9256: 9255:Late Cold War 9253: 9251: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9196: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9158: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9134:Great Society 9132: 9131: 9129: 9127: 9123: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9089:Post-war boom 9087: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9004: 9001: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8982: 8979: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8883: 8880: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8780: 8779: 8776: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8713: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8665: 8662: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8636: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8545: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8516: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8504: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8307: 8300: 8295: 8293: 8288: 8286: 8281: 8280: 8277: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077:By state/city 8075: 8069: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8037: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8004: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7928: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7901: 7900:Red handprint 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7504:Seminole Wars 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7464:Pontiac's War 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7449:Tuscarora War 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7381:Neighborhoods 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7321:Adena culture 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7252:Jim Crow laws 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7135:Classic stage 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7115:Paleo-Indians 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7085: 7080: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7069: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7051:War on terror 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6567: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6469: 6464: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6447: 6443: 6437: 6433: 6428: 6425: 6424:1-932714-26-X 6421: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6377: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6316:(1): 94–119. 6315: 6311: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6268: 6262: 6258: 6257: 6251: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6223: 6212: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6195: 6192: 6191:0-87004-460-5 6188: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176:0-8032-8246-X 6173: 6169: 6165: 6154: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6128: 6127:0-8323-0014-4 6124: 6120: 6116: 6113: 6112:0-8117-3496-X 6109: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6078: 6072: 6068: 6063: 6060: 6059:1-59416-016-3 6056: 6052: 6049:Yenne, Bill. 6048: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6027:0-8061-2220-X 6024: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6012:0-674-00638-0 6009: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5996: 5995:0-670-91025-2 5992: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5978:0-06-000440-1 5975: 5971: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5935:Parry, Mae. " 5934: 5924:on 2015-06-29 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5898: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5870:(1): 94–119. 5869: 5865: 5858: 5844: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5763: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5744: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5644: 5630: 5626: 5619: 5611: 5605: 5601: 5594: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5566: 5559: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5505: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5462: 5458: 5451: 5436: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5408: 5393:on 2011-11-04 5392: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5346: 5340: 5337:. Routledge. 5336: 5335: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5306: 5300: 5297:. McFarland. 5296: 5295: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5246:on 2007-12-09 5245: 5241: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5190:on 2011-03-14 5189: 5185: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5154: 5146: 5139: 5137: 5128: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5108: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5083: 5075: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4894: 4893:0-87081-347-1 4890: 4886: 4880: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4751: 4742: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4717: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4689:0-87480-494-9 4686: 4682: 4677: 4671:, pp. 632–633 4670: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4640: 4633: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4571: 4564: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4482: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4458:"Sam Houston" 4452: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4382: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4362:0-87081-347-1 4359: 4355: 4350: 4341: 4333: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4287: 4279: 4277:0-8061-2220-X 4273: 4269: 4268: 4260: 4253: 4247: 4240: 4234: 4227: 4224:Wiley Sword, 4221: 4214: 4208: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4077: 4074:(Monograph). 4070: 4069: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4007:The Historian 4004: 3997: 3993: 3975: 3969: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3814:'s 1975 book 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3741:First Nations 3735: 3721: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3654:Last Massacre 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3590:Oscar Burkard 3587: 3583: 3580:, Minnesota: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3548:United States 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3494:L. Frank Baum 3491: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3441:George Custer 3438: 3434: 3431:In 1875, the 3427: 3423: 3418: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3229: 3226: 3218: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3191:This section 3189: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2807:(1872–1873). 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797:Mojave Desert 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2767:Mendocino War 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2675:Pueblo Revolt 2672: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2605:Nez Perce War 2601: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2589:Christy Clark 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2573:Chilcotin War 2570: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2523:Coeur d'Alene 2520: 2516: 2512: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453:Fort Colville 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2437:Isaac Stevens 2434: 2430: 2429:Cascade Range 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405:Oregon Treaty 2401: 2399: 2395: 2394:Kiks.ádi Clan 2392: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363:Quanah Parker 2360: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2341: 2333: 2329: 2328:Quanah Parker 2325: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2147:Bozeman Trail 2143: 2139: 2134: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2088: 2084: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066:Last Massacre 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2012:Nez Perce War 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1764:Jicarilla War 1762: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1738:Red River War 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1720:Comanche Wars 1718: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1657:Fort Basinger 1654: 1650: 1647:on the upper 1646: 1645:Fort Gardiner 1642: 1638: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553:(Sam Jones), 1552: 1548: 1544: 1537: 1536:Seminole Wars 1533: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1450: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430:Anthony Wayne 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414:Josiah Harmar 1411: 1407: 1406:Buckongahelas 1403: 1402:Little Turtle 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384:In 1787, the 1378: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1086:Winnebago War 1084: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1022: 1019: 1011: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 986: 983: 979: 976: 972: 969: – 968: 964: 963:Find sources: 957: 953: 947: 946: 941:This section 939: 935: 930: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 890:tribesmen in 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 860: 859:West Virginia 856: 852: 849: 847: 843: 842:Pontiac's War 840: 837: 833: 832:New Brunswick 829: 825: 822: 820: 816: 813: 811: 807: 806:Tuscarora War 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 787: 785: 781: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 757: 755: 751: 747: 744: 741: 737: 734: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 712: 709: 705: 701: 697: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 677: 675: 671: 667: 664: 663: 662: 655: 654:Pontiac's War 651: 647: 641: 636: 631: 621: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 600:which became 599: 595: 591: 586: 582: 577: 575: 570: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 546:North America 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 506: 505: 500: 488: 476: 464: 459: 453: 452:United States 441: 429: 416: 404: 393: 382: 371: 359: 347: 336: 324: 313: 301: 290: 279: 268: 257: 244: 232: 231: 227: 223: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 176: 172: 167: 166: 162: 161: 156: 146: 143: 140: 137: 133: 130: 128: 125: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 99:United States 96: 93: 92: 88: 85: 84: 80: 76: 72: 66: 61: 58: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 13226:Human rights 13206:Gun politics 13157:Islamophobia 13147:antisemitism 13015:Hospice care 12957:Middle class 12937:Homelessness 12914:Social class 12874:Social class 12738:Human rights 12728:Homelessness 12640:middle class 12605:Demographics 12580:Architecture 12487:Unemployment 12467:Labor unions 12215:Town meeting 12192:City council 12187:City manager 11928:State police 11790:Marine Corps 11780:Armed Forces 11755:civil rights 11735:Constitution 11307:Southwestern 11302:Southeastern 11292:Northwestern 11287:Northeastern 11252:Mid-Atlantic 11242:Great Plains 10960:World War II 10889: 10843:Constitution 10747:Colonial era 10726:2008–present 10523:Midway Atoll 10518:Kingman Reef 10498:Baker Island 10477:Puerto Rico 10389:South Dakota 10379:Rhode Island 10374:Pennsylvania 10354:North Dakota 10070: 10063: 10044: 10005: 9998: 9984: 9930: 9886: 9879: 9822: 9808: 9801: 9794: 9755: 9729:Marine Corps 9716: 9709: 9702: 9666:Debt ceiling 9651:Civil Rights 9633: 9626: 9612: 9598: 9584: 9555: 9550:Antisemitism 9548: 9541: 9497: 9458: 9394:2008–present 9346:Bush v. Gore 9344: 9282:War on drugs 9156:Mid Cold War 9008:Pearl Harbor 9003:World War II 8823:Ku Klux Klan 8420:Dummer's War 8359: 8352: 8346:Pre-Colonial 8025:Reservations 8006:Demographics 7677: / 7673: / 7659: / 7655: / 7651: / 7647: / 7643: / 7639: / 7635: / 7631: / 7617: / 7613: / 7609: / 7605: / 7601: / 7597: / 7593: / 7589: / 7575: / 7571: / 7567: / 7563: / 7559: / 7555: / 7541: / 7537: / 7533: / 7529: / 7525: / 7506: / 7459:Dummer's War 7281: / 7120:Lithic stage 6863:World War II 6657:Hamburg riot 6641: 6536: 6513: 6504: 6488: 6481: 6455:. Redfield. 6451: 6431: 6415: 6384: 6380: 6368: 6342: 6338: 6313: 6309: 6298: 6288: 6270:. Retrieved 6255: 6242:. Retrieved 6231:. ABC-CLIO. 6227: 6214:. Retrieved 6199: 6182: 6167: 6156:. Retrieved 6141: 6132: 6118: 6103: 6096: 6066: 6050: 6033: 6018: 6001: 5986: 5969: 5962: 5947: 5926:. Retrieved 5922:the original 5896: 5892: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5846:. Retrieved 5831: 5823: 5811:. Retrieved 5807:Nevada Today 5806: 5796: 5784:. Retrieved 5779: 5770: 5750: 5743: 5716: 5710: 5683: 5677: 5653: 5643: 5632:. Retrieved 5629:The Atlantic 5628: 5618: 5599: 5593: 5582:. Retrieved 5571: 5558: 5538: 5531: 5511: 5504: 5486: 5477: 5467:11 September 5465:. Retrieved 5450: 5438:. Retrieved 5429: 5421:the original 5416: 5407: 5395:. Retrieved 5391:the original 5386: 5377: 5366:. Retrieved 5362: 5353: 5333: 5326: 5318: 5313: 5293: 5286: 5266: 5259: 5248:. Retrieved 5244:the original 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5212: 5203: 5192:. Retrieved 5188:the original 5178: 5159: 5153: 5144: 5126: 5106: 5088: 5082: 5073: 5054: 5049: 5033: 5027: 5012: 5008: 4993: 4985: 4970: 4966: 4951: 4947: 4935:. Retrieved 4921: 4913: 4905: 4899: 4884: 4879: 4871: 4870:Angie Debo, 4866: 4848: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4816: 4801: 4797: 4786:. Retrieved 4772: 4764: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4721: 4716: 4700: 4695: 4680: 4676: 4660: 4655: 4643:. Retrieved 4632: 4605: 4599: 4589: 4577:. Retrieved 4563: 4551:. Retrieved 4537: 4527: 4508: 4505:Beckey, Fred 4487: 4481: 4470:. Retrieved 4461: 4451: 4425: 4406: 4400: 4381: 4373: 4372:Angie Debo, 4368: 4353: 4349: 4340: 4320: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4266: 4259: 4251: 4246: 4238: 4233: 4225: 4220: 4212: 4207: 4195:. Retrieved 4191: 4182: 4174: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4143: 4135: 4127: 4118: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4079:. Retrieved 4067: 4060: 4044: 4035: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3968: 3959: 3815: 3805: 3798: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3753: 3737: 3639:Chaco Canyon 3632:Chitto Harjo 3617:March 1909: 3612:Fort Wingate 3608:Four Corners 3537:Jackson Hole 3530: 3519: 3497: 3496:wrote: "The 3487: 3480:South Dakota 3473: 3453:Sitting Bull 3430: 3426:Indian Scout 3422:Bloody Knife 3394: 3378: 3362:Black Kettle 3359: 3331: 3325: 3306: 3293:Kiowa Apache 3282: 3255: 3236: 3221: 3212: 3201:Please help 3192: 3142: 3138: 3107:Alfred Sully 3091:Henry Sibley 3087:North Dakota 3080: 3057: 3023: 3019:Colorado War 2994: 2986:Colorado War 2982:Dog Soldiers 2974: 2923:Great Plains 2917:George Crook 2898: 2875: 2853:were mostly 2848: 2770: 2755:Mariposa War 2715: 2667: 2653:Yavapai Wars 2614: 2609:Chief Joseph 2602: 2596:in 1863 and 2562: 2531: 2508: 2489:Chief Leschi 2402: 2380: 2356: 2344: 2336: 2293: 2282: 2267:Kiowa Apache 2255:Lipan Apache 2236: 2208: 2163: 2130: 2109:Oregon Trail 2102: 2089: 2085: 2081: 1994:Hualapai War 1982:Yavapai Wars 1946:(1855–1858) 1894:Colorado War 1878:(1854–1891) 1822:(1850–1923) 1760:(1849–1924) 1716:(1836–1877) 1680: 1661: 1634: 1611: 1591: 1567: 1539: 1489: 1458: 1383: 1370:Ohio Country 1271: 1253: 1205: 1196:Jemima Boone 1177: 1135: 1119: 1056:(1811–1815) 1014: 1008:January 2023 1005: 995: 988: 981: 974: 962: 950:Please help 945:verification 942: 876:Dummer's War 864: 824:Dummer's War 780:Chowanoc War 775:Narragansett 750:Esopus tribe 659: 618: 606:Great Plains 578: 554: 521: 517: 513: 511: 502: 403:Dutch Empire 220: 163: 158:Belligerents 51:Part of the 40: 13231:Immigration 13162:LGBT rights 13064:Food safety 12899:Video games 12492:Wall Street 12472:Public debt 12375:Agriculture 12311:nationalism 12023:Uniform act 11945:Legislative 11852:Territorial 11810:Coast Guard 11805:Space Force 11555:Legislative 11350:Red (South) 11340:Mississippi 11262:New England 11198:Appalachian 11168:Earthquakes 11065:Discoveries 11060:Demographic 11002:Vietnam War 10945:World War I 10940:Imperialism 10890:Indian Wars 10865:War of 1812 10538:Wake Island 10304:Mississippi 10219:Connecticut 10163:New England 9830:Agriculture 9749:Coast Guard 9744:Space Force 9592:Immigration 9320:WTC bombing 9238:Reaganomics 9166:Vietnam War 9082:McCarthyism 8964:Second Klan 8949:Prohibition 8927:World War I 8902:Square Deal 8892:Imperialism 8627:War of 1812 8354:Prehistoric 7833:Sweat lodge 7499:Arikara War 7489:War of 1812 7454:Yamasee War 7439:Esopus Wars 7429:Kieft's War 7414:Beaver Wars 7336:Anishinaabe 7217:Dawes Rolls 6918:Bosnian War 6878:Vietnam War 6853:World War I 6843:Banana Wars 6773:War of 1812 6034:Indian Wars 5813:19 November 5786:18 November 5440:January 16, 4937:February 8, 4641:. Maclean's 4197:10 November 3824:revisionist 3709:Apache Wars 3625:and allied 3599:, Arizona: 3539:, Wyoming: 3476:Ghost Dance 3449:Crazy Horse 3437:Black Hills 3420:Custer and 3390:Stone River 3382:Yellow Bear 3355:Camp Supply 3351:3rd Cavalry 3339:Fort Bascom 3310:Fort Larned 3266:7th Cavalry 3064:Taoyateduta 2851:Great Basin 2837:Bannock War 2829:Goshute War 2811:Great Basin 2723:Apache Wars 2719:Navajo Wars 2617:Bannock War 2577:Tsilhqotʼin 2481:White River 2457:Naches Pass 2396:during the 2367:Peta Nocona 2300:Sam Houston 2259:Comancheria 2209:During the 2199:Crazy Horse 2171:Great Basin 2155:Black Hills 2113:Bent's Fort 2018:Bannock War 2008:(1872–1873) 2002:(1869–1870) 1996:(1865–1870) 1990:(1864–1869) 1984:(1861–1875) 1972:(1858–1859) 1952:(1855–1856) 1940:(1855–1856) 1932:(1890–1891) 1926:(1878–1879) 1920:(1876–1877) 1908:(1866–1868) 1896:(1864–1865) 1884:(1854–1856) 1864:(1914–1915) 1846:(1865–1872) 1834:(1853–1854) 1816:(1850–1853) 1810:(1849–1866) 1808:Navajo Wars 1802:(1887–1924) 1796:(1881–1886) 1790:(1879–1880) 1784:(1876–1877) 1778:(1871–1875) 1772:(1861–1886) 1766:(1849–1855) 1758:Apache Wars 1754:(1847–1855) 1746:(1876–1877) 1740:(1874–1875) 1734:(1867–1875) 1722:(1836–1877) 1702:Arikara War 1629:Dade battle 1598:Fort Brooke 1508:War of 1812 1481:Tenskwatawa 1400:(Shawnee), 1398:Blue Jacket 1123:war in 1812 1112:(1855–1858) 1106:(1835–1842) 1082:(1817–1818) 1068:(1813–1814) 1062:(1811–1813) 1054:War of 1812 1050:(1785–1795) 1044:(1776–1794) 1038:(1775–1783) 924:War of 1812 836:Nova Scotia 815:Yamasee War 797:New England 763:New England 746:Esopus Wars 714:Kieft's War 674:Algonquians 666:Beaver Wars 561:War of 1812 522:Indian Wars 226:Viceroyalty 132:Deportation 13370:Categories 13265:Xenophobia 13054:Disability 12995:Healthcare 12904:Visual art 12849:Philosophy 12795:television 12785:newspapers 12775:journalism 12765:Literature 12677:attainment 12328:Republican 12323:Democratic 12296:Ideologies 12257:Corruption 11822:NOAA Corps 11745:preemption 11740:federalism 11355:Rio Grande 11257:Midwestern 11237:West Coast 11232:East Coast 11075:Inventions 10987:Space Race 10982:Korean War 10965:home front 10900:Gilded Age 10419:Washington 10339:New Mexico 10334:New Jersey 10209:California 9704:Journalism 9656:Corruption 9635:Government 9586:Demography 9573:Newspapers 9422:Sandy Hook 9325:Waco siege 9233:Reagan era 9139:Space Race 9072:Korean War 9013:home front 8845:Gilded Age 8813:Amendments 8099:California 7997:Pretendian 7548:Cayuse War 7424:Pequot War 7272:gravesites 7056:War crimes 6923:Kosovo War 6868:Korean War 6848:Border War 6707:Bonus Army 6702:Tulsa riot 6692:Red Summer 6612:Mormon War 5928:2005-12-13 5848:2018-04-08 5735:1044542033 5702:1099434736 5634:2022-04-12 5584:2016-05-07 5368:2023-09-03 5250:2007-12-09 5194:2011-05-28 4788:2011-05-28 4645:9 February 4472:2007-11-11 4081:7 November 3984:References 3826:historian 3707:1924: The 3643:New Mexico 3578:Leech Lake 3314:Fort Dodge 3197:to readers 3040:Dakota War 3015:John Evans 2825:Paiute War 2821:Walker War 2737:California 2727:Chiricahua 2637:Mohave War 2433:Yakima War 2425:Cayuse War 2316:, and the 2231:See also: 2181:. But the 2099:Background 1976:Paiute War 1970:Mohave War 1944:Yakima War 1888:Dakota War 1876:Sioux Wars 1838:Tintic War 1832:Walker War 1752:Cayuse War 1664:Coacoochee 1639:, Colonel 1483:organized 1420:. General 1340:John Watts 1285:area near 1146:relocation 1072:Peoria War 978:newspapers 904:New Sweden 882:, and the 799:, and the 793:New France 722:New Jersey 696:Pequot War 638:Jamestown 520:, and the 346:New France 13248:Terrorism 13025:Rationing 12922:Affluence 12869:Sexuality 12837:Uncle Sam 12743:Languages 12672:Education 12615:affluence 12575:Americana 12502:Transport 12400:Insurance 12390:Companies 12370:By sector 12262:Elections 11903:Treasurer 11861:Executive 11800:Air Force 11772:Uniformed 11595:President 11412:Executive 11183:Mountains 11116:Territory 11104:Geography 10928:1954–1968 10923:1896–1954 10918:1865–1896 10880:Civil War 10721:1991–2008 10716:1980–1991 10711:1964–1980 10706:1945–1964 10701:1917–1945 10696:1865–1917 10691:1849–1865 10686:1815–1849 10681:1789–1815 10676:1776–1789 10669:By period 10429:Wisconsin 10394:Tennessee 10299:Minnesota 10274:Louisiana 10168:The South 9739:Air Force 9614:Education 9476:recession 9432:Las Vegas 9340:Columbine 9297:1991–2008 9225:1980–1991 9126:1964–1980 9037:1945–1964 8991:Dust Bowl 8919:1917–1945 8800:1865–1917 8778:Civil War 8771:Secession 8716:1849–1865 8639:1815–1849 8610:Quasi-War 8587:1789–1815 8507:1776–1789 8460:Sugar Act 8246:Massacres 8202:musicians 8166:Wisconsin 8129:Baltimore 8039:Languages 7921:Land Back 7828:Sun Dance 7494:Creek War 7190:ownership 6763:Quasi-War 6652:Range War 6508:, US Army 5223:August 9, 4874:, p. 196. 4444:0185-2523 4436:2448-6922 4376:, p. 213. 4211:Raphael, 4054:1409-469X 4027:0018-2370 3989:Citations 3802:Dee Brown 3756:influenza 3702:Posey War 3673:Bluff War 3658:Shoshones 3386:Fort Sill 3343:Fort Cobb 3146:Julesburg 3076:execution 3026:Julesburg 2913:Snake War 2805:Modoc War 2801:Snake War 2627:Southwest 2598:Snake War 2536:into the 2499:Nisqually 2473:Nisqually 2195:Red Cloud 2006:Modoc War 1988:Snake War 1868:Posey War 1862:Bluff War 1782:Pecos War 1776:Tonto War 1594:Fort King 1512:Creek War 1496:Cherokees 1404:(Miami), 1299:Chickasaw 1216:Tuscarora 1150:Seminoles 1098:Creek War 1066:Creek War 771:Wampanoag 736:Peach War 230:Europeans 222:Colonists 200:Wampanoag 89:1609–1890 13304:Category 13000:Abortion 12864:Religion 12822:Columbia 12780:internet 12716:Holidays 12711:Folklore 12682:literacy 12620:eviction 12510:Aviation 12482:Taxation 12437:Currency 12430:by state 12340:Scandals 12210:Township 11968:Judicial 11869:Governor 11632:Judicial 11518:Marshals 11391:Politics 11345:Missouri 11335:Columbia 11330:Colorado 11325:Arkansas 11318:Longest 11297:Southern 11282:Northern 11126:counties 11080:Military 11070:Economic 11048:By topic 11027:Iraq War 10977:Cold War 10735:By event 10600:Category 10414:Virginia 10364:Oklahoma 10344:New York 10319:Nebraska 10309:Missouri 10294:Michigan 10284:Maryland 10269:Kentucky 10249:Illinois 10224:Delaware 10214:Colorado 10204:Arkansas 10083:Lesbians 10057:Comanche 10052:Cherokee 9845:Medicine 9803:Genocide 9796:Religion 9718:Military 9691:Taxation 9641:Abortion 9557:Cultural 9437:Parkland 9367:Iraq War 9305:Gulf War 9077:Ivy Mike 8996:New Deal 8372:Colonial 8317:Timeline 8259:Category 8229:by state 8161:Virginia 8151:Oklahoma 8141:Nebraska 8136:Michigan 8124:Maryland 8104:Colorado 7823:Smudging 7791:Religion 7582:Yuma War 7170:Genocide 7046:Cold War 6963:Cameroon 6933:Iraq War 6903:Gulf War 6627:Utah War 6585:Domestic 6041:Archived 5940:Archived 5651:(2016). 5578:Archived 5461:Archived 5217:Archived 4931:Archived 4856:Archived 4782:Archived 4705:Archived 4624:17214129 4507:(2003). 4466:Archived 4390:Archived 3849:See also 3832:genocide 3820:Puritans 3764:smallpox 3662:Bannocks 3627:Freedmen 3522:campaign 3297:Cheyenne 3285:Comanche 3251:Cheyenne 3034:Cheyenne 2988:and the 2855:Shoshone 2817:Ute Wars 2783:and the 2731:Geronimo 2662:Geronimo 2633:Yuma War 2189:and the 2107:and the 2030:Crow War 1820:Ute Wars 1814:Yuma War 1668:sawgrass 1555:Micanopy 1500:Choctaws 1477:Tecumseh 1410:Egushawa 1293:, white 1291:Muskogee 1232:Onondaga 1208:Iroquois 1158:Cherokee 1127:Tecumseh 855:Kentucky 726:New York 670:Iroquois 608:and the 602:Oklahoma 567:and the 212:Comanche 196:Seminole 175:Cherokee 94:Location 69:An 1899 55:and the 13322:Portals 13288:Outline 13236:illegal 13221:Smoking 13084:Obesity 12967:Poverty 12889:Theater 12879:Society 12733:Housing 12694:Fashion 12650:poverty 12595:Cuisine 12567:Culture 12554:Society 12515:Driving 12442:Exports 12420:Tourism 12380:Banking 12358:Economy 12318:Parties 12162:Charter 12126:Sheriff 11573:Speaker 11441:Cabinet 11404:Federal 11312:Western 11277:Eastern 11272:Central 11267:Pacific 11227:Regions 11178:Islands 10661:History 10434:Wyoming 10409:Vermont 10314:Montana 10254:Indiana 10234:Georgia 10229:Florida 10199:Arizona 10189:Alabama 10156:Regions 10078:Gay men 9850:Railway 9810:Slavery 9606:Banking 9600:Economy 9442:El Paso 9427:Orlando 9161:Détente 8322:Outline 8212:writers 8187:artists 8109:Florida 8094:Arizona 8046:English 7396:Pow wow 7376:Fashion 7308:Culture 7185:Slavery 7107:History 6984:Related 6746:Foreign 6330:1922410 6036:(2002) 5906:Sources 5884:1922410 5488:Science 4579:8 April 4553:8 April 4144:Alutiiq 3787:at the 3584:; last 3563:Arizona 3498:Pioneer 3492:author 3364:in the 3301:Arapaho 3193:may be 3156:in the 2967:, near 2865:and by 2729:Apache 2679:Pueblos 2519:Spokane 2515:Palouse 2391:Tlingit 2247:Wichita 2239:Spanish 2191:Apaches 2185:of the 2173:to the 2169:of the 2093:Apaches 1856:Ute War 1635:In the 1559:Osceola 1551:Aripeka 1315:Holston 1311:Watauga 1303:Shawnee 1241:Ontario 1202:in 1776 1200:Shawnee 992:scholar 888:Alutiiq 689:in the 656:in 1763 652:during 192:Shawnee 13309:Portal 13216:Hunger 13167:racism 13108:Issues 12982:Health 12884:Sports 12844:People 12689:Family 12660:wealth 12585:Cinema 12410:Mining 12395:Energy 12140:Cities 12108:County 12042:Tribal 11580:Senate 11424:powers 11320:rivers 11193:ranges 11161:states 11085:Postal 10610:Portal 10564:Cities 10547:Cities 10369:Oregon 10324:Nevada 10264:Kansas 10239:Hawaii 10194:Alaska 10182:States 10108:Places 9870:Groups 9840:Lumber 9778:Fourth 9768:Second 9578:Sports 9563:Cinema 9532:Topics 9447:Uvalde 9417:Aurora 9412:Tucson 8336:Events 8264:Portal 8192:actors 8156:Oregon 8114:Hawaii 8089:Alaska 7933:groups 7100:topics 6459: 6438: 6422: 6401:971327 6399: 6373:online 6357: 6328: 6303:online 6293:online 6272:29 May 6263: 6244:29 May 6235: 6216:29 May 6207: 6189: 6174: 6158:29 May 6149: 6125: 6110: 6073: 6057: 6025: 6010: 5993: 5976: 5954: 5946:". In 5882: 5839: 5758: 5733: 5723: 5700: 5690: 5665: 5606: 5546: 5519: 5341: 5301: 5274: 5166: 5041: 5019: 5000: 4977: 4958: 4891: 4840: 4808: 4733: 4687: 4667: 4622: 4544: 4515: 4442: 4434: 4413: 4360: 4328: 4274: 4241:(1987) 4215:, 244. 4052: 4025: 3762:, and 3693:1921: 3688:Yaquis 3682:: The 3652:: The 3637:1911: 3606:1907: 3567:Sonora 3552:Mexico 3535:1895: 3299:, and 3083:Lakota 3072:hanged 2971:, 1867 2943:, and 2859:Oregon 2843:, and 2765:, and 2651:, and 2571:. The 2521:, and 2503:Leschi 2501:Chief 2441:Yakama 2419:. The 2387:Alaska 2251:Apache 2074:(1918) 2068:(1911) 2062:(1911) 2056:(1909) 2050:(1898) 2044:(1896) 2038:(1895) 2032:(1887) 2026:(1885) 2020:(1878) 2014:(1877) 1978:(1860) 1966:(1858) 1958:(1858) 1914:(1873) 1902:(1865) 1890:(1862) 1870:(1923) 1858:(1887) 1852:(1879) 1840:(1856) 1828:(1850) 1728:(1858) 1710:(1837) 1704:(1823) 1698:(1804) 1557:, and 1510:. The 1498:, and 1492:Creeks 1317:, and 1295:Tories 1230:, and 1228:Cayuga 1224:Seneca 1220:Mohawk 1212:Oneida 1100:(1836) 1094:(1832) 1088:(1827) 1074:(1813) 994: 987: 980: 973: 965: 922:, and 896:Alaska 828:Acadia 773:, and 767:Nipmuc 740:Munsee 732:people 730:Lenape 700:Pequot 496: 484: 475:Mexico 472: 449: 428:Russia 425: 355: 309: 253: 184:Lakota 118:Result 111:Mexico 109:, and 107:Canada 103:Alaska 13295:Index 13120:Crime 12990:Aging 12807:Names 12802:Music 12790:radio 12770:Media 12600:Dance 12590:Crime 12425:Trade 12182:Mayor 12131:Clerk 12099:Local 11841:State 11360:Yukon 11203:Rocky 11188:peaks 10399:Texas 10279:Maine 10244:Idaho 10072:LGBTQ 10065:Women 9835:Labor 9788:Sixth 9783:Fifth 9773:Third 9763:First 9568:Music 9310:NAFTA 8175:Lists 7356:Music 7150:Trade 6968:Libya 6958:Syria 6397:JSTOR 6355:JSTOR 6326:JSTOR 5880:JSTOR 5568:(PDF) 5397:5 Sep 4573:(PDF) 4072:(PDF) 3951:Notes 3749:Métis 3745:Inuit 3597:Leupp 3401:Sioux 3289:Kiowa 3247:Sioux 3130:Mochi 3060:Sioux 2263:Kiowa 2221:Texas 2183:Sioux 2179:Idaho 1152:in a 999:JSTOR 985:books 463:Union 188:Miami 12859:Race 12704:list 12699:Flag 12238:list 12082:list 11993:list 11933:list 11886:list 11874:list 11850:and 11795:Navy 11785:Army 11655:list 11367:Time 11247:Gulf 10467:Guam 10404:Utah 10359:Ohio 10259:Iowa 9734:Navy 9724:Army 9628:Flag 8119:Iowa 8084:List 7406:Wars 7361:Film 7351:Food 6953:Iraq 6457:ISBN 6436:ISBN 6420:ISBN 6274:2023 6261:ISBN 6246:2023 6233:ISBN 6218:2023 6205:ISBN 6187:ISBN 6172:ISBN 6160:2023 6147:ISBN 6123:ISBN 6108:ISBN 6071:ISBN 6055:ISBN 6023:ISBN 6008:ISBN 5991:ISBN 5974:ISBN 5952:ISBN 5837:ISBN 5815:2023 5788:2023 5756:ISBN 5731:OCLC 5721:ISBN 5698:OCLC 5688:ISBN 5663:ISBN 5604:ISBN 5544:ISBN 5517:ISBN 5469:2013 5442:2022 5399:2011 5339:ISBN 5299:ISBN 5272:ISBN 5225:2016 5164:ISBN 5039:ISBN 5017:ISBN 4998:ISBN 4975:ISBN 4956:ISBN 4939:2010 4889:ISBN 4838:ISBN 4806:ISBN 4731:ISBN 4685:ISBN 4665:ISBN 4647:2021 4620:PMID 4581:2023 4555:2023 4542:ISBN 4513:ISBN 4440:ISSN 4432:ISSN 4411:ISBN 4358:ISBN 4326:ISBN 4272:ISBN 4199:2022 4083:2018 4050:ISSN 4023:ISSN 3838:List 3660:and 3275:The 3249:and 3172:and 3009:and 2861:and 2721:and 2689:and 2615:The 2583:and 2475:and 2411:and 2294:The 2265:and 2197:and 2167:Utes 2145:the 2131:The 1627:The 1534:and 1479:and 1416:and 1368:The 1214:and 1178:The 971:news 857:and 834:and 724:and 706:and 579:The 536:and 512:The 228:and 206:and 134:and 86:Date 12758:ASL 12005:Law 11710:Law 11528:TSA 11513:ICE 11508:FBI 11503:DEA 11493:CBP 11488:ATF 10809:War 8520:War 7346:Art 6535:". 6492:by 6389:doi 6347:doi 6318:doi 6095:". 5872:doi 5493:doi 4610:doi 4106:doi 4015:doi 3341:to 3312:to 2342:). 2177:of 1239:in 1198:by 1164:". 954:by 555:As 544:in 73:of 13372:: 6395:. 6385:29 6383:. 6353:. 6343:69 6341:. 6324:. 6314:46 6312:. 5916:. 5878:. 5868:46 5866:. 5805:. 5778:. 5729:. 5696:. 5657:. 5627:. 5576:. 5570:. 5485:. 5459:. 5415:. 5385:. 5361:. 5211:. 5135:^ 5115:^ 5097:^ 5062:^ 4908:. 4725:, 4663:. 4618:. 4606:23 4604:. 4598:. 4536:. 4496:^ 4460:. 4190:. 4159:. 4142:, 4126:, 4102:69 4100:. 4021:. 4011:65 4009:. 4005:. 3834:. 3758:, 3747:, 3743:, 3641:, 3569:: 3565:, 3554:: 3550:, 3392:. 3295:, 3291:, 3287:, 3160:. 3021:. 2939:, 2935:, 2931:, 2873:. 2839:, 2835:, 2831:, 2827:, 2823:, 2819:, 2761:, 2757:, 2753:, 2749:, 2745:, 2713:. 2647:, 2643:, 2639:, 2635:, 2517:, 2400:. 2354:. 2161:. 1494:, 1313:, 1226:, 1222:, 918:, 894:, 878:, 874:, 870:, 795:, 769:, 616:. 576:. 528:, 224:, 202:, 198:, 194:, 190:, 186:, 177:, 105:, 13324:: 11848:, 11843:, 11676:/ 10644:e 10637:t 10630:v 8298:e 8291:t 8284:v 7902:) 7898:( 7090:e 7083:t 7076:v 6565:e 6558:t 6551:v 6500:. 6470:. 6465:. 6444:. 6426:. 6403:. 6391:: 6361:. 6349:: 6332:. 6320:: 6276:. 6248:. 6220:. 6193:. 6178:. 6162:. 6114:. 6099:. 6079:. 6061:. 6029:. 6014:. 5997:. 5980:. 5958:. 5931:. 5886:. 5874:: 5851:. 5817:. 5790:. 5764:. 5737:. 5704:. 5671:. 5637:. 5612:. 5587:. 5552:. 5525:. 5499:. 5495:: 5471:. 5444:. 5401:. 5371:. 5347:. 5307:. 5280:. 5253:. 5227:. 5197:. 5172:. 4941:. 4791:. 4649:. 4626:. 4612:: 4583:. 4557:. 4521:. 4475:. 4446:. 4419:. 4334:. 4280:. 4201:. 4163:. 4112:. 4108:: 4029:. 4017:: 3715:. 3228:) 3222:( 3217:) 3213:( 3209:. 1021:) 1015:( 1010:) 1006:( 996:· 989:· 982:· 975:· 948:. 861:) 838:) 830:( 720:( 405:: 360:: 325:: 245:: 233:: 181:, 168:: 38:. 20:)

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