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392:, under the leadership of the British, engaged the German, Austrian and Turkish forces in fierce battles for control of Palestine. During this time the American Colony assumed a more crucial role in supporting the local populace through the deprivations and hardships of the war. Because the Turkish military commanders governing Jerusalem trusted the colony, they asked its photographers to record the course of the war in Palestine.
38:
297:. The economy was supplemented by a shop selling photographs, craft items and archaeological artifacts. The American Colonists were embraced by the Jewish and Arab communities for their good works, among them, teaching in both Muslim and Jewish schools. In contrast to the Protestant missionaries in Jerusalem, they never worked for the conversion of those of other faiths.
45:
167:
with a group of friends. Horatio stayed behind, detained by business. On
November 21, the ocean liner collided with a British vessel and sank within minutes. Anna was rescued, but all the children drowned. Horatio received the tragic news in a telegram from Anna that read: "Saved alone. What shall I
416:
and other epidemics. As famine, disease, and death ravaged the people of
Jerusalem, the colony, struggling for their own survival, engaged in relief work. With money from friends in the United States, the American Colony ran a soup kitchen that fed thousands during these desperate times. When the
104:
to form a
Christian utopian society. The "American Colony," as it became known, was later joined by Swedish Christians. The society engaged in philanthropic work amongst the people of Jerusalem regardless of religious affiliation, gaining the trust of the local Muslim, Jewish, and Christian
395:
The colony was permitted to continue its relief efforts even after the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies in the spring of 1917. As the German and
Turkish armies retreated before the advancing Allied forces, the American Colony took charge of the overcrowded Turkish
168:
do?" Horatio immediately left for
England to bring his wife home. Crossing the Atlantic, the captain of the ship came to Spafford and said that they were approaching the area where the ship went down that had his wife and daughters on board. There Spafford wrote the lyrics of the hymn "
73:. Largely concerned with providing social services, education, meeting spaces, and medical care, it became known for producing and publishing an important documentation, photographic series of the area of Jerusalem starting in the early 1900s. The community lasted until the 1950s.
425:
The colony also administered an orphanage to provide refuge for the many children torn from their parents during World War I. The charitable work begun by the
Spaffords continues today in the original colony house abutting the walls of the
324:, a member of the American Colony, began taking photographs of places and events in and around the city of Jerusalem. Meyers's work eventually expanded into a full-fledged photographic division within the colony, including
195:" by American press), and decided to seek solace in the city of Jerusalem. After the birth of a daughter, Grace, in August 1881, the Spaffords set out for Jerusalem in a group of thirteen adults and three children.
417:
British Allied commander, General
Allenby, entered Jerusalem on December 11, 1917, the colony offered their philanthropic services to the new rulers of Palestine and continued to serve their fellow Jerusalemites.
407:
into the army, while the older men were drafted into work brigades. Food supplies dwindled as the Allies sustained a blockade of the
Palestinian coast, and the Turkish army confiscated provisions. Weakened by
754:
1061:
An online meeting place for
American Colony descendants and researchers, with image galleries, discussion forums and other tools. (Link is broken. November 25, 2023. No quick results in search.)
437:
Inner tensions within the
American Colony led to the final demise of this utopian Christian community in the 1950s. Descendants of the Spaffords own a hotel outside the city's walls named the
227:
as his guide and believed that the society's work would hasten the Second Coming of Jesus. As a commune, the society was suspect in the eyes of many. Members of the colony were shunned by the
472:
is a visual record of Algot Sätterström's (inventor, painter) interaction with members of the American Colony Photographic Division Lewis Larsson, Erik Lind, Furman Baldwin and Eric Matson.
848:"World War I: American Colony in Jerusalem Exhibition. Library of Congress. Accessed January 10, 2011. Exhibition page contains primary sources of WWI digitized photographs and manuscripts"
508:(1918–1926) - Mr. John Whiting, member of the American Colony, was the Hon. Treasurer of the Society's leading Council, and the Spafford's adopted son Jacob was member of the Council
128:
in the late 1940s, individual members continued to be active in the daily life of Jerusalem. Towards the end of the 1950s, the society's communal residence was converted into the
431:
188:
388:
entered World War I as an ally of Germany in November 1914, Jerusalem and Palestine became a battleground between the Allied and the Central powers. The Allied forces from
340:
in Tripoli pictured here), and the detail of their photographs, led to widespread interest in their work by archeologists. The collection was later donated to the
246:. Finding they had much in common, the Swedes from Chicago decided to join Anna on her trip back to Jerusalem. Larsson also exhorted his relations and friends in
2166:
1043:
Peace Like a River / It is Well with my Soul - as originally penned by Horatio Spafford, at the site on the ocean where his children drowned in a ship collision.
179:
Back in Chicago, the Spaffords tried to mend their shattered lives. In 1878, a daughter, Bertha, was born and, two years later, a son Horatio, who died in an
243:
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2156:
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132:. The hotel is an integral part of the Jerusalem landscape where members of all communities in Jerusalem still meet. In 1992 representatives from the
621:
258:
228:
810:
321:
925:
Ariel, Yaakov, & Kark, Ruth. (1996). "Messianism, Holiness, Charisma, and Community: The American-Swedish Colony in Jerusalem, 1881-1933,"
329:
2092:
192:
1090:
1079:
Collection of Several Thousand photographs made by the American Colony Photo Department in Jerusalem (Later known as Matson Photo Service)
869:"Brochure, Spafford Children's Center, Jerusalem. American Colony in Jerusalem Collection, Library of Congress. Accessed January 11, 2011"
376:, who mounted a campaign to limit the devastation, asked the American Colony photographers to document the progress of the locust hordes.
364:. This infestation seriously compromised the already depleted food supply of the region and sharpened the misery of all Jerusalemites.
250:, Sweden, to go immediately to Jerusalem. As a result, 38 adults and seventeen children sold all their possessions and set off for the
1087:: Publication of an album which was given to Herbert Samuel by the members of the American Colony in 1925. Israel State Archives site.
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in 1888, but the community continued to grow. Visiting Chicago in 1894, Anna Spafford made contact with the Swedish evangelist
979:
960:
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582:(1824–1872), French archaeologist, painter and pioneer of archaeological photography; photographed in Jerusalem in c. 1854
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founded by the American Colony and named after its founders, Anna and Horatio Spafford. Still active today. 11/25/2023.
1023:
1000:
703:
353:
133:
109:, the American Colony carried out philanthropic work to alleviate the suffering of the local inhabitants, opening
160:
erupted in Chicago, devastating the city. In November 1873, Anna and the children set sail for Europe aboard the
17:
1071:
website. Selected documents from the American Colony in Jerusalem Collection in the Manuscript Division of the
651:(1910–1999), arrived in Mandate Palestine in 1936, author of iconic Israeli Declaration of Independence picture
573:
543:
489:
269:. Part of the building was used as a hostel for visitors from Europe and America. A small farm developed with
2078:
1264:
76:
The colony is known today mainly for the luxury hotel that exists in the place where the colony was located.
943:
454:
2013:
1618:
1399:
910:
1986:
1374:
780:
Hallote, Rachel, "Photography and the American Contribution to Early "Biblical" Archaeology, 1870–1920,"
561:
156:
church elder and his wife, Anna, were living with their four young daughters in Chicago. That year, the
1249:
1207:
1200:
941:'s positive outlook toward the commune, including the influence it had on her when she wrote her novel
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625:
525:
85:
31:
806:
62:
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564:(1806–1869), Scottish photographer who took some of the earliest images of the Holy Land (1853–1856)
434:
provides medical treatment and outreach programs for Arab children and their families in Jerusalem.
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728:
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223:, the group adopted a communal lifestyle and engaged in philanthropic activities. Horatio took the
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1883:
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972:
American Priestess: The Extraordinary Story of Anna Spafford and the American Colony in Jerusalem
609:
169:
89:
847:
2074:
1653:
1502:
733:
403:
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 brought great suffering to the country. All young men were
1007:
Memoir and family history by a daughter of the Colony's founders and its latter-day matriarch.
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1938:
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645:(1906–1972), German Jewish photographer, photographed in Mandate Palestine in the 1930s
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53:
The American religious foundation and philanthropy that informally became known as the
1996:
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The colony, now numbering 150, moved to the large house of a wealthy Arab landowner,
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890:"Spafford Children's Center, Organization's Website. Re-accessed November 25, 2023"
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2003:
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and Israel met in the hotel where they began talks that led to the historic 1993
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Collection of Images in Watercolors including the original Ustinov Palm Tree.
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From the above various Armenian photographers in Jerusalem, and Khalil Raad.
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191:, which he had helped to build, organized a group of friends (dubbed "the
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A well-researched, critical treatment of the American Colony phenomenon.
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558:(1827–1900), the first Jewish photographer in Jerusalem during the 1850s
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606:(1901–1983), master photographer of the Palestine Archaeological Museum
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For the Ottoman-era Christian neighbourhood in Tel Aviv, Israel, see
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933:(4), pages 641-657. This article also discusses Swedish author and
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2018:
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2008:
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Our Jerusalem: an American family in the Holy city, 1881-1949
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633:(1896–1977), in Mandate Palestine and Israel between 1933–58
1775:
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612:(1905–1992), photographed in Mandate Palestine in 1932-1935
570:(1854–1957), known as "Palestine's first Arab photographer"
1040:
336:. Their interest in archeological artifacts (such as the
274:
270:
528:: see for Armenian photographers in Jerusalem since 1857
84:
After suffering a series of tragic losses following the
475:
309:American Colony Photographic Division image of the
831:Photograph album, World War I, Palestine and Sinai
124:Although the American Colony ceased to exist as a
49:Jerusalem American Colony Cemetery in Mount Scopus
969:
953:The American Colony: scenes from a Jerusalem saga
639:(1905–1985), arrived in Mandate Palestine in 1922
618:(1882–1968), arrived in Ottoman Palestine in 1907
254:to join the colony, arriving there in July 1896.
2123:
588:, C. and G., worked out of Egypt c. 1860s-1890s
492:. Another cemetery of the colony is located on
1132:
1016:Anna's House: The American Colony in Jerusalem
1118:
807:"The Locust Plague Of 1915 Photograph Album"
624:(1910–1999), active in Jerusalem; mentioned
235:) in Jerusalem for their unusual lifestyle.
211:, c. 1900–1940 by American Colony Jerusalem.
723:
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100:led a small American contingent in 1881 to
2167:State of Palestine–United States relations
1125:
1111:
950:
911:The Herbert and Leni Sonnenfeld Collection
776:
774:
772:
105:communities. During and immediately after
2152:1881 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
695:A History of Modern Palestine, Ilan Pappe
27:19th-century American colony in Palestine
1053:The American Colony Archive Collections
837:American Colony in Jerusalem Collection.
718:
304:
202:
44:
36:
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400:, which were inundated by the wounded.
215:Moving into rented quarters inside the
14:
2157:Ottoman Empire–United States relations
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988:
1106:
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903:
794:Matson Collection catalog description
691:
669:"The American Colony Hotel Jerusalem"
974:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
752:
347:
813:from the original on 7 January 2011
736:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2011.
65:" led by American religious leader
24:
951:Dudman, Helga; Kark, Ruth (1998).
909:Beit Hatfutsot Photo Collections,
799:
755:"Our American Colony at Jerusalem"
476:Jerusalem American Colony Cemetery
332:, who later renamed the effort as
172:," the music being added later by
25:
2178:
1034:
526:Armenians in Israel#Photographers
461:
134:Palestine Liberation Organization
2137:Late modern history of Jerusalem
1091:The American Colony in Jerusalem
1065:The American Colony in Jerusalem
989:Vester, Bertha Spafford (1950).
970:Fletcher Geniesse, Jane (2009).
420:
143:
41:Historical American Colony photo
2147:Arab neighborhoods in Jerusalem
919:
882:
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121:and other charitable ventures.
1047:The Spafford Children's Center
840:
824:
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698:. Cambridge University Press.
685:
661:
610:Ze'ev (Wilhelm) Aleksandrowicz
574:James Robertson (photographer)
544:Francis Bedford (photographer)
490:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
379:
300:
13:
1:
784:vol. 70, no. 1 (2007), 32-33.
753:Ford, Alexander Hume (1906).
655:
444:
356:stripped areas in and around
189:Fullerton Presbyterian Church
352:From March to October 1915,
261:, outside the city walls in
55:American Colony of Jerusalem
7:
2162:American diaspora in Israel
2132:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
1143:Jerusalem neighborhoods in
1059:The Colony Heritage Society
499:
10:
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935:Nobel Prize for Literature
850:. Loc.gov. 12 January 2005
692:Pappe, Ilan (2006-07-31).
432:Spafford Children's Center
152:, a prosperous lawyer and
86:Great Chicago Fire of 1871
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71:Anne Tobine Larsen Øglende
29:
2142:Christianity in Jerusalem
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1097:The American Colony Hotel
484:on the southern slope of
238:Horatio Spafford died of
63:Christian utopian society
57:, was established in the
1041:Spafford Hymn Manuscript
782:Near Eastern Archaeology
729:Jerusalem: The Biography
458:made the colony famous.
334:The Matson Photo Service
326:Hol Lars (Lewis) Larsson
809:. Library of Congress.
513:Jerusalem photographers
368:, Supreme Commander of
170:It Is Well with My Soul
90:It is Well with My Soul
69:and his Norwegian wife
2075:Courtyard neighborhood
1018:. Rimal Publications.
796:, Library of Congress.
734:Simon Sebag Montefiore
317:
212:
92:"), Chicago residents
67:Horatio Gates Spafford
50:
42:
32:American–German Colony
2108:31.79000°N 35.23111°E
2046:Sha'arei Yerushalayim
1669:Kiryat Menachem Begin
1315:Kiryat Shomrei Emunim
913:, accessed April 2020
643:de:Herbert Sonnenfeld
637:Samuel Joseph Schweig
506:Pro-Jerusalem Society
439:American Colony Hotel
428:Old City of Jerusalem
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221:Old City of Jerusalem
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130:American Colony Hotel
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40:
2029:Mishkenot Sha'ananim
892:. Spaffordcenter.org
2104: /
1405:Talbiya (Komemiyut)
1073:Library of Congress
1069:Library of Congress
955:. Carta Jerusalem.
835:Library of Congress
759:Appleton's Magazine
673:The American Colony
580:de:Auguste Salzmann
342:Library of Congress
244:Olof Henrik Larsson
187:. Horatio left the
126:religious community
2113:31.79000; 35.23111
2079:Ring Neighborhoods
1939:Ramat Beit HaKerem
1894:Givat Beit HaKerem
1567:Sanhedria Murhevet
1498:Kiryat Mattersdorf
1012:Tveit, Odd Karsten
604:Najib Anton Albina
398:military hospitals
354:a swarm of locusts
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1305:Kiryat HaMemshala
1285:Jerusalem Gateway
1265:Downtown Triangle
1186:Christian Quarter
1133:Neighborhoods of
981:978-0-307-27772-5
962:978-965-220-399-1
742:978-0-297-85265-0
649:Rudi Weissenstein
412:, people died of
348:Plague of locusts
138:Oslo Peace Accord
16:(Redirected from
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1758:Beit Safafa
1725:Wadi al-Joz
1697:Ras al-Amud
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1503:Kiryat Sanz
1493:Kiryat Itri
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1439:Beit Hanina
1410:Yemin Moshe
1370:Neve Granot
1335:Mea Shearim
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1151:, those in
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480:Located in
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405:conscripted
380:World War I
301:Photography
107:World War I
2126:Categories
2099:35°13′52″E
2096:31°47′24″N
2073:See also:
1963:Historical
1482:Kafr 'Aqab
1345:Mount Zion
1245:Beit David
1161:Green Line
896:2023-11-25
875:2013-11-24
854:2013-11-24
817:2011-01-07
711:2013-11-24
678:2024-06-04
656:References
494:Mount Zion
445:In fiction
362:vegetation
338:Lion Tower
311:Lion Tower
193:Overcomers
158:Great Fire
119:orphanages
1954:Yefeh Nof
1889:Ein Karem
1850:Sur Baher
1837:San Simon
1812:Katamonim
1620:Al Bustan
1562:Sanhedria
1280:Givat Ram
1135:Jerusalem
944:Jerusalem
594:1900-1948
466:The book
455:Jerusalem
452:'s novel
384:When the
358:Palestine
291:carpenter
252:Holy Land
231:(such as
209:Jerusalem
148:In 1871,
115:hospitals
102:Jerusalem
1914:Ir Ganim
1862:Umm Tuba
1843:Sharafat
1806:Har Homa
1735:Southern
1690:Nof Zion
1655:Ir David
1584:Tel Arza
1424:Northern
1360:Nachlaot
1260:Bukharim
1193:Muristan
1170:Old City
1099:website.
1055:website.
1014:(2011).
811:Archived
500:See also
279:butchery
181:epidemic
162:SS
2019:Mamilla
1909:Har Nof
1872:Western
1856:Talpiot
1742:Abu Tor
1648:Bethany
1598:Eastern
1589:Unsdorf
1578:Shuafat
1380:Rehavia
1350:Musrara
1290:Katamon
1228:Central
1067:at the
937:winner
240:malaria
219:in the
80:History
1971:Atarot
1747:Arnona
1718:Silwan
1634:At-Tur
1432:Al-Ram
1385:Romema
1022:
999:
978:
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430:. The
414:typhus
374:Arabia
295:smithy
287:bakery
267:Nablus
88:(see "
2009:Lifta
1934:Motza
1817:Malha
1549:Ramot
1365:Nayot
1270:Geula
1159:(see
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390:Egypt
370:Syria
283:dairy
225:Bible
1777:Gilo
1752:Baka
1157:blue
1020:ISBN
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626:here
372:and
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277:, a
275:pigs
273:and
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96:and
94:Anna
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248:Nås
183:of
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34:.
20:)
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