20:
90:
82:, had raised funds and troops for a full-scale invasion of Florida, but squandered much of the money on luxuries. As word of his conduct in the South American independence wars reached the United States, many of the recruits in his invasion force deserted. Nonetheless, he overran the island with a small force, but left for
141:
Projected and commenced with an incompetent force, reliance seems to have been placed on what might be drawn, in defiance of our laws, from within our limits; and of late, as their resources have failed, it has assumed a more marked character of unfriendliness to us; the island being made a channel
121:
of Mexico was flown. This was the flag of his supposed clients who were still fighting the
Spanish in their war for independence at the time. The United States, which had plans to annex the peninsula, sent a naval force which captured Amelia Island on December 23, 1817.
181:
became a thriving port with more business than even St. Augustine. The reason was that from it, merchants had easy access to the states and smuggling became a most profitable business. At one time it was stated that there were more than 150 ships in the
240:"H. Doc. 15-47 - Message from the President of the United States, communicating information of the troops of the United States having taken possession of Amelia Island, in East Florida. January 13, 1818. Read, and ordered to lie upon the table"
542:"S. Doc. 15-1 - Message from the President of the United States, to both Houses of Congress, at the commencement of the first session of the Fifteenth Congress. December 2, 1817. Printed by order of the Senate of the United States"
587:
142:
for the illicit introduction of slaves from Africa, into the United States, an asylum for fugitive slaves from the neighboring states, and a port for smuggling of every kind.
607:
117:
to draw up a constitution, and invited all
Florida to unite in throwing off the Spanish yoke. For the few months that Aury controlled Amelia Island, the flag of the
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523:
109:. After assuming control of Amelia, Aury created an administrative body called the "Supreme Council of the Floridas", directed his secretaries
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19:
101:, formerly associated with MacGregor in South American adventures, and previously one of the leaders of a group of buccaneers on
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432:
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351:
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577:
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67:
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Amelia Island was viewed by the U.S. as a "colony of pirates and slave traders" who were prone to violating the
541:
239:
130:
572:
397:
Privateers of the
Americas: Spanish American Privateering from the United States in the Early Republic
597:
592:
159:
James
Willard Milgram (July 1961). "A Florida Cover under American Occupation of Spanish Territory".
582:
208:
508:
602:
118:
449:
422:
395:
341:
198:
110:
368:
314:
287:
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Declarations of
Independence: Encyclopedia of American Autonomous and Secessionist Movements
272:
8:
502:
451:
Bonapartists in the
Borderlands: French Exiles and Refugees on the Gulf Coast, 1815-1835
89:
484:
168:
79:
43:
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428:
401:
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347:
320:
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83:
51:
32:
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Memoirs of John Quincy Adams: Comprising
Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848
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Venezuela and the United States: From Monroe's
Hemisphere to Petroleum's Empire
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75:
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adventurer styling himself the "Brigadier
General of the United Provinces of
47:
78:. A peripatetic military adventurer, MacGregor, purportedly commissioned by
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134:
39:
488:
172:
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Filibusters and
Expansionists: Jeffersonian Manifest Destiny, 1800-1821
71:
55:
74:, and General-in-Chief of the Armies of the Two Floridas", came to
63:
475:
Richard G. Lowe (July 1966). "American Seizure of Amelia Island".
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with sometimes as many as 150 ships in its harbor. In June, 1817,
137:
described the affair as "a mere private, unauthorized adventure":
177:
But beginning with 1808, because of Jefferson's Embargo Act,
106:
339:
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United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
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Mexican insurgents' flag flown by privateer Louis Aury
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Post-1808 importation of slaves to the United States
524:"The Papers of Andrew Jackson: Volume IV, 1816-1820"
264:
564:
340:Frank L. Owsley; Gene A. Smith (22 March 2004).
474:
312:
16:Occupation of island in Spanish Florida in 1817
366:
333:
292:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 17.
285:
447:
319:. University of Texas Press. pp. 43–44.
127:1808 Prohibition on the Importation of Slaves
454:. University of Alabama Press. p. 250.
441:
427:. University of Georgia Press. p. 250.
420:
400:. University of Georgia Press. p. 107.
346:. University of Alabama Press. p. 136.
246:. E. De Krafft. 13 January 1818. p. 20
495:
393:
373:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 47.
200:Atlantic Creoles in the age of revolutions
187:
152:
507:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1837. pp.
414:
306:
279:
271:. J.B. Lippincott & Company. p.
129:.In his December 2, 1817, message to the
42:(1807) and the abolition of the American
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88:
18:
521:
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193:
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167:(1). Florida Historical Society: 94.
23:Nautical chart of Amelia Island, 1799
548:. Edward De Krafft. 1817. p. 5
286:Natalie Ornish (1 September 2011).
13:
313:David G. McComb (1 January 2010).
97:His followers were soon joined by
14:
619:
54:under Spanish rule, a resort for
31:was an episode in the history of
504:British and Foreign State Papers
477:The Florida Historical Quarterly
534:
515:
50:, on the coast of northeastern
522:Jackson, Andrew (1994-01-01).
1:
394:David Head (1 October 2015).
146:
528:The Papers of Andrew Jackson
161:Florida Historical Quarterly
7:
131:15th United States Congress
10:
624:
265:John Quincy Adams (1875).
578:1817 in the United States
209:Harvard University Press
367:James L. Erwin (2007).
448:Rafe Blaufarb (2005).
144:
119:revolutionary Republic
94:
24:
421:Judith Ewell (1996).
289:Pioneer Jewish Texans
139:
92:
22:
316:Galveston: A History
203:(Reprint ed.).
29:Amelia Island affair
115:Vicente Pazos Kanki
111:Pedro Gual Escandón
95:
25:
573:Conflicts in 1817
461:978-0-8173-1487-3
434:978-0-8203-1782-3
407:978-0-8203-4400-3
380:978-0-313-33267-8
353:978-0-8173-5117-5
326:978-0-292-79321-7
299:978-1-60344-433-0
99:Louis-Michel Aury
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598:June 1817 events
593:Combat incidents
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205:Cambridge, Mass.
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103:Galveston Island
60:Gregor MacGregor
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211:. p. 131.
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86:in September.
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550:. Retrieved
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135:James Monroe
133:, President
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96:
46:(1808) made
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546:GovInfo.gov
244:GovInfo.gov
68:New Granada
44:slave trade
40:Embargo Act
567:Categories
179:Fernandina
147:References
483:(1): 22.
72:Venezuela
56:smugglers
489:30145698
197:(2011).
173:30139819
64:Scottish
552:27 June
250:28 June
182:harbor.
52:Florida
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224:26 May
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84:Nassau
511:–757.
485:JSTOR
169:JSTOR
107:Texas
554:2023
456:ISBN
429:ISBN
402:ISBN
375:ISBN
348:ISBN
321:ISBN
294:ISBN
252:2023
226:2022
213:ISBN
113:and
70:and
62:, a
38:The
27:The
509:756
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