Simón Bolívar - Knowledge

74: 1600: 2307: 839: 15401: 3934:. Inspired by Montesquieu, Bolívar believed that a government should conform to the needs and character of its region and inhabitants; in the Cartagena Manifesto, Bolívar stated that federalism as practiced in the United States was the "perfect" government but was unworkable in Spanish America because, he believed, Spanish imperialism had left Spanish Americans unprepared for federalism. Bolívar sought to prepare Colombia for a more liberal democracy via free, public education. Over the 1820s, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned and authoritarian until, in 1830, he declared to Flores, "all who have served the Revolution have plowed the sea." 1782: 13342: 15908: 1873:", Bolívar first established a provisional government in Bogotá with Santander, and then left to resume campaigning against the Royalists in Venezuela on 20 September 1819. En route, he learned that Zea had been replaced as vice president in September 1819 by Arismendi, who was conspiring with Mariño against Urdaneta and Bermúdez. Bolívar arrived in Angostura on 11 December and, by being conciliatory, defused the plot. He then proposed the merging of New Granada and Venezuela to the congress on 14 December, which was approved. On 17 December, the congress issued a decree creating the Republic of 2409: 349: 1954:. All Royalist forces remaining in Venezuela were eliminated by August 1823. Bolívar entered Caracas in triumph on 29 June, and issued a decree on 16 July dividing Venezuela into three military zones governed by Páez, Bermúdez, and Mariño. Bolívar then met with the Congress of Cúcuta, which had ratified the formation of Gran Colombia and elected him as president and Santander as vice president in September. Bolívar accepted and was sworn in on 3 October, although he protested the establishment of a precedent of military leaders as head of the Colombian state. 4195: 1339:

Guaira on 6 July. Believing the republic to be doomed, Miranda decided to capitulate, shocking Bolívar and other Republican officers. After formally surrendering his command to Monteverde on 25 July, Miranda made his way to La Guaira, where a group of officers including Bolívar arrested Miranda on 30 July on charges of treason against the republic. La Guaira declared for the Royalists the next day and closed its port on Monteverde's orders. Miranda was taken into Spanish custody and moved to a prison in Cádiz, where he died on 16 July 1816.

1018: 1467: 2162: 763: 1208:, a political organization advocating for independence from Spain, Bolívar and Miranda campaigned for and secured the latter's election to the congress. The congress first met on 2 March 1811 and declared its allegiance to Ferdinand VII. After it was discovered that one of the men leading the congress was a Spanish agent who had escaped with military documents, however, discourse – which Bolívar was prominent in – changed decidedly in favor of independence over 3 and 4 July. Finally, on 5 July, the congress 2330:, a Bolívar loyalist and the governor of New Granada, called a meeting of the city's elite that denounced the Convention of Ocaña and called on Bolívar to assume absolute power in Colombia. Bolívar returned to Bogotá on 24 June and on 27 August assumed supreme power as the "president-liberator" of Colombia, abolished the office of the vice president, and assigned Santander to a diplomatic posting in Washington, D.C. On 25 September 1828, a group of young liberals that included Santander's secretary made 2014: 1169:. Subsequent meetings produced no recognition or concrete support from Britain. Finding that he had many shared beliefs with Miranda, however, Bolívar convinced him to come back to Venezuela. On 22 September 1810, Bolívar left for Venezuela while López and Bello remained in London as diplomats, and arrived in La Guaira on 5 December. Although the British government wanted Miranda to remain in Britain, they could not prevent his departure, and he arrived in Venezuela later in December. 2270:

sentences. As he approached Bogotá, Bolívar was met by Santander, who hoped to persuade Bolívar to his cause in the conflict with Páez. Although Santander was annoyed at Bolívar for his desire to return to power and ratify a version of the Bolivian constitution in Colombia, they reconciled and agreed that Bolívar would resume the presidency of Colombia; congress had reelected them to a second four-year term beginning on 2 January 1827. Bolívar arrived in Bogotá on 14 November 1826.

3841: 14825: 15944: 14808: 1178: 15872: 15884: 15860: 16006: 15920: 14835: 15989: 15932: 1501:, a Venezuelan Republican who had fought Monteverde in the east throughout 1813 and was unwilling to subordinate himself to Bolívar. Venezuela was economically devastated and could not support the republic's armies, and people of color remained disenfranchised and thus unsupportive of the republic. The republic was assailed from all sides by slave revolts and Royalist forces, especially the Legion of Hell, an army of 15972: 15896: 1419:, outlining what he believed to be the causes of the Venezuelan republic's defeat and his political program. In particular, Bolívar called for the disparate New Granadan republics to help him invade Venezuela to prevent a Royalist invasion of New Granada. Bolívar arrived on the Magdalena River on 21 December and, in spite of orders from Labatut to not act without his direction, launched 15848: 2033:, the wife of a British merchant, with whom he began a lasting affair. From Quito, Bolívar traveled to Guayaquil in anticipation of a meeting with San Martín to discuss the city's status and to rally support for its annexation by Colombia. When San Martín arrived in Guayaquil on 26 July, Bolívar had already secured Guayaquil for Colombia, and the two-day 791:, on the northern coast of Spain, in May 1799. A little over a week later, he arrived in Madrid and joined Esteban, who found Bolívar to be "very ignorant." Esteban asked Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar, a Caracas native and government official, to educate Bolívar. Bolívar moved into Uztáriz's residence in February 1800 and was educated in the 2421:

July, Bolívar was informed that Sucre had been assassinated near Pasto while en route to Quito, and wrote to Flores to ask him to avenge Sucre. In September, Urdaneta installed a conservative government in Bogotá and asked Bolívar to return, but he refused. With his health deteriorating and no ship forthcoming, Bolívar was moved by his staff to

1950:, he learned that Royalist-controlled Maracaibo had defected to Colombia and been occupied by Urdaneta. La Torre protested to Bolívar, who refused to return Maracaibo, leading to a renewal of hostilities on 28 April. Over May and June, Colombia's armies made rapid progress until, on 24 June, Bolívar and Páez decisively defeated La Torre at the 1072:, Bolívar returned to Philadelphia and sailed for Venezuela, where he arrived in June 1807. He began to meet with other creole elites to discuss independence from Spain. Finding himself to be far more radical than the rest of Caracas high society, however, Bolívar occupied himself with a property dispute with a neighbor, 1369:. Bolívar and Casa León convinced Francisco Iturbe, a friend of the Bolívar family and of Monteverde, to intercede on Bolívar's behalf and secure escape from Venezuela for him. Iturbe persuaded Monteverde to issue Bolívar a passport for his role in Miranda's arrest, and on 27 August he sailed for the island of 1455:, ordering the death of all Spaniards in South America not actively aiding his forces. Within six months, Bolívar pushed all the way to Caracas, which he entered on 6 August, and then drove Monteverde out of Venezuela in October. Bolívar returned to Caracas on 14 October and was named "The Liberator" ( 2420:

Determined to go into exile, Bolívar, who had given away or lost his fortune over his career, sold most of his remaining possessions and departed from Bogotá on 8 May 1830. He traveled down the Magdalena to Cartagena, where he arrived by the end of June to wait for a ship to take him to England. On 1

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in early 1828 to modify the Colombian constitution. The elections for this congress were held in November 1827 and, as Bolívar declined to campaign because he did not wish to be perceived as personally influencing the elections, were very favorable to his political opponents. In January 1828, Bolívar

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On 25 November, Bolívar left Bogotá with an army supplied by Santander and arrived at Puerto Cabello on 31 December, where he issued a general amnesty to Páez and his allies if they submitted to his authority. Páez accepted and in January 1827, Bolívar confirmed Páez's military authority in Venezuela

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On 24 October, Bolívar received a letter from Santander informing him that because he had accepted the dictatorship of Peru the Colombian congress had stripped him of his military and civil authority in favor of Sucre and Santander, respectively. Although indignant and resentful of Santander, Bolívar

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Even with their combined forces, however, Bolívar, Mariño, and Bermúdez could not hold Barcelona. Instead, on 25 March 1817, Bolívar began moving south to join Piar in Guayana, Piar's power base, and establish his own economic and political base there. Bolívar met Piar on 4 April, promoted him to the

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celebrating his return and the amnesty. That amnesty, and clashes over Santander's handling of Colombia's finances, caused a break between Bolívar and Santander that became an open enmity in 1827. In February 1827, Bolívar submitted his resignation from the Presidency of Colombia, which its congress

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in March. News of the mutiny and its consequences arrived in Colombia in March and was followed by orders from Spain to Morillo to publicize the constitution and negotiate a peace that would return Colombia to the Spanish Empire. Bolívar and Morillo, seeking to gain leverage over each other, delayed

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Day, 1819, Bolívar left Angostura to direct campaigns against Royalist forces along the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and New Granada. He met with Santander in Bogotá in March 1820, then rode to Cúcuta and inspected Republican forces in northern Colombia over April and May 1820. Meanwhile, Morillo's

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Bolívar returned to Haiti by early September, where Pétion again agreed to assist him. In his absence, the Republican leaders scattered across Venezuela, concentrating in the Llanos, and became disunited warlords. Unwilling to recognize Mariño's leadership, Arismendi wrote to Bolívar and dispatched

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In early 1825, Bolívar resigned from his offices in Colombia and Peru, but neither nation's congress accepted his resignation; on 10 February 1825, the Peruvian congress extended his dictatorship for another year. Accepting the extension, Bolívar settled into governing Peru and passing reforms that

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on 13 August. As a condition of assuming command of the Republican forces, Miranda had Bolívar stripped of his command of a militia unit. Bolívar nonetheless fought in the Valencia campaign as part of del Toro's militia and was selected by Miranda to bring news of its recapture to Caracas, where he

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Throughout his political career, Bolívar concerned himself with the construction of liberal democracy in Latin America and the region's place in the Atlantic world. By the 1820s, his goal was to create a federation of Latin American republics in Spanish America, each governed by a strong executive

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on 20 December 1830. In 1842, Páez secured the repatriation of Bolívar's remains, which were paraded through Caracas and then laid to rest in its cathedral in December together with his wife and parents; Bolívar's heart remained in Santa Marta. His remains were moved again in October 1876 into the

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on 16 March. He escaped assassination by Spanish infiltrators in April. Illness and additional Republican defeats obliged Bolívar to return to Angostura in May. For the rest of the year, he focused on administering the republic, rebuilding its armed forces, and organizing elections for a national

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Initial historical evaluations of Bolívar were at first negative, consisting of criticism of his conduct of the war, execution of Piar, betrayal of Miranda, and authoritarianism. These and other criticisms endure in studies of Bolívar. Beginning in 1842, however, popular opinion about Bolívar in

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Bolívar arrived at Puerto Cabello on 4 May 1812. On 30 June, an officer of the fort's garrison loyal to the Royalists released its prisoners, armed them, and turned its cannons on Puerto Cabello. Weakened by shelling, defections, and lack of supplies, Bolívar and his remaining troops fled for La

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Bolívar is the preeminent symbol of Latin America and the focus of what could seem almost unrivaled posthumous attention, seen from his own times forward as a force now for liberalism or other forms of modernity, now for old regime values and authoritarianism, now for a mix of the two, with the

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devastated Republican Venezuela; Caracas itself was almost totally destroyed. Bolívar, who was still near Caracas, rushed into the city to participate in the rescue of survivors and exhumation of the dead. The earthquake destroyed public support for the republic, as it was believed to have been

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Bolívar arrived in Spain in December 1803, then traveled to Madrid to console his father-in-law. In March 1804, the municipal authorities of Madrid ordered all non-residents in the city to leave to alleviate a bread shortage brought about by Spain's resumed hostilities with Britain. Over April,

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whom he viewed as both a motherly and fatherly figure. On 6 July 1792, María de la Concepción also died of tuberculosis. Believing that his family would inherit the Bolívars' wealth, Feliciano Palacios arranged marriages for María Antonia and Juana and, before dying on 5 December 1793, assigned

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In the aftermath of the attempted coup, Santander and the conspirators were arrested. Bolívar, depressed and ill, considered resigning from politics and pardoning the conspirators, but was dissuaded from this by his officers. Padilla, though uninvolved with the attempted coup, was executed for

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Bolívar arrived in Guayaquil on 13 September 1826 and heard complaints against Santander's governance from the people of Guayaquil and Quito, who declared him their dictator. From Ecuador, he continued north and heard more complaints, promoted civil and military officers, and commuted prison

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Styled as Liberator President of the Republic of Colombia, Liberator of Peru, and Charged with the Supreme Command of it. The term "president" was not in common use at the time of Bolívar's designation. Whether this then makes Bolívar not the first president is a minor source of academic

1615:, on 14 May 1815 and, as in his earlier exile on Curaçao, ruminated on the fall of the Venezuelan and New Granadan republics. He wrote extensively, requesting assistance from Britain and corresponding with merchants based in the Caribbean. This culminated in September 1815 with the 1866:. On 10 August, Bolívar entered Bogotá, which the Spanish officials had hastily abandoned, and captured the viceregal treasury and armories. After sending forces to secure Republican control of central New Granada, Bolívar paraded through Bogotá on 18 September with Santander. 2083:

In November 1823, Riva Agüero, who plotted with the Royalists against Bolívar, was betrayed by his officers to Bolívar and exiled from Peru. While Bolívar was bedridden with fever over the first two months of 1824, Tagle defected to the Royalists with the garrison and city of

713:. In June 1795, Bolívar fled his uncle's custody for the house of his sister María Antonia and her husband. The couple sought formal recognition of his change of residence, but the Real Audiencia decided the matter in favor of Palacios, who sent Simón to live with Rodríguez. 1707:) on 2 May. Meanwhile, Mariño went east to reestablish his power base and on 8 May convened a congress of ten men, including Brión and Zea, that named Mariño as supreme commander of the Republican forces. This backfired and provoked the defection of 30 officers, including 2088:

and briefly took Lima. In response, the Peruvian congress named Bolívar dictator of Peru on 10 February 1824. Bolívar moved to northern Peru in March and began assembling an army. His repeated demands for additional men and money strained his relationship with Santander.

2385:. In November, Bolívar ordered the council to cease its planning; instead they resigned. Venezuelans, encouraged by a circular letter Bolívar had published in October, voted to secede from Colombia. On 15 January 1830, Bolívar arrived in Bogotá and on 20 January the 2059:

asked Bolívar several times in 1823 to assume command of their forces. Bolívar responded by sending an army under Sucre to assist, then delayed his own departure to Peru until he obtained permission from the Colombian congress on 3 August. When Bolívar arrived in

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and Peru, and Bolívar feared San Martín would absorb Ecuador into Peru. In October 1821, after congress empowered him to secure Ecuador for Colombia, Bolívar assembled an army in Bogotá that departed on 13 December 1821. His advance was halted by illness and a

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as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios on 30 July. The first of Bolívar's family to have emigrated to the Americas was a similarly named minor Spanish governmental official named Simón de Bolívar, who had been a notary in the Spanish

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In his final years, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned with the South American republics, and distanced from them because of his centralist ideology. He was successively removed from his offices until he resigned the presidency of Colombia and died of

3918:. The tutelage of Simón Rodríguez, a student of Rousseau, has been traditionally seen as foundational for Bolívar's beliefs. Also important to Bolívar's intellectual development were his stays in Paris from 1804 to 1806 and in London in 1810. Bolívar was an 716:

After two months there, the Real Audiencia directed that he be returned to the Palacios family home. Bolívar promised the Real Audiencia that he would focus on his education and was subsequently taught full-time by Rodríguez and the Venezuelan intellectuals

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From Potosí, Bolívar traveled to Chuquisaca and appointed Sucre to govern Bolivia on 29 December 1825; he departed for Peru on 1 January 1826. Bolívar arrived in Lima on 10 February and dispatched his draft of the Bolivian constitution to Sucre on 12 May.

3970:. He has been memorialized across the world in literature, public monuments, and historiography, and paid tribute to in the names of towns, cities, provinces, and other people. The Quinta near Santa Marta has been preserved as a museum to Bolívar and 579:, and who had later arrived in Venezuela in the 1580s. The earlier Simón de Bolívar's descendants had served in the colonial bureaucracy and had married into various wealthy Caracas families over the years. By the time Simón Bolívar was born, the 2291:

was joined in Bogotá by Sáenz, but on 16 March 1828 he left the capital after being informed of a Spanish-backed rebellion in Venezuela. As that revolt was crushed before he arrived, Bolívar turned his attention to the occupation of Cartagena by

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Over the rest of 1822, Bolívar traveled around Ecuador to complete its annexation while dispatching officers to suppress repeated rebellions in Pasto and resisting calls to return to Bogotá or Venezuela. Meanwhile, Royalist forces under general

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The three delegates first met Miranda at his London residence, despite instructions from the Supreme Junta to avoid him, and thereafter received the benefit of his connections and consultation. On 16 July 1810, the Venezuelan delegation met the

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throughout Latin America; the nations of Bolivia and Venezuela (as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) are named after him, and he has been memorialized all over the world in the form of public art or street names and in popular culture.

1130:, Bolívar and his brother returned to the city and offered their services to the Supreme Junta as diplomats. In May 1810, Juan Vicente was sent to the United States to buy weapons, while Simón secured a place in a diplomatic mission to 866:, one of his generals and biographers, that he swore to never remarry. By July 1803, Bolívar had decided to leave Venezuela for Europe. He entrusted his estates to an agent and his brother and in October boarded a ship bound for Cádiz. 14470: 14457: 1646:

Returning to Les Cayes, Bolívar held a conference with the Republican leaders in Haiti and was made supreme leader with Mariño as his chief of staff. The Republicans departed Les Cayes for Venezuela on 31 March 1816 and followed the

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was beginning in the Llanos, Bolívar met with his officers and revealed his intention to invade and liberate New Granada from Royalist occupation, which he had prepared for by sending Santander to build up Republican forces in

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and racial equality, and relinquished civil authority to the congress. On 16 February, the congress elected Bolívar as president and Zea as vice president. On 27 February, Bolívar left Angostura to rejoin Páez in the west and

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in 1819. Bolívar and his allies defeated the Spanish in New Granada in 1819, Venezuela and Panama in 1821, Ecuador in 1822, Peru in 1824, and Bolivia in 1825. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Panama were merged into the

1286:... I climbed over the ruins and entered, and I immediately saw about forty persons dead or dying under the rubble. I climbed out again and I shall never forget that moment. On the top of the ruins I found Don Simón Bolívar 1106:, the Captain-General of Venezuela, and were arrested. Bolívar, though he did not sign the petition and thus was not arrested, was warned to cease hosting or attending seditious meetings. In May 1809, Casas was replaced by 2470:

set up a commission to investigate his claim that Bolívar had been poisoned by "New Granada traitors." The commission exhumed Bolívar's remains on 16 July 2010. The results, made public on 26 July 2011, were inconclusive;

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In early March 1813, Bolívar set up his headquarters in Cúcuta and sent José Félix Ribas to request permission to invade Venezuela. Though rewarded with honorary citizenship in New Granada and a promotion to the rank of

2354:. He left behind a council of ministers led by Urdaneta to govern Colombia and announced that a congress would convene in January 1830 to devise a new constitution. Over 1829, Obando was defeated by Colombian general 1121:

for Ferdinand VII. This news, and two delegates that included Carlos de Montúfar, arrived in Venezuela on 17 April 1810. Two days later, the creoles succeeded in deposing and then expelling Emparán, and created the

1542:, declared Bolívar and Mariño to be traitors and forced them to return to the mainland. There, Ribas also accused Bolívar and Mariño of treachery, confiscated the treasure, and then exiled the two on 8 September. 12768: 560: 4220:

Biographers disagree on the exact date Miranda arrived in Venezuela in December 1810. Arana says 10 December, Lynch says 11 December, Masur and Langley say 12 December, Slatta and de Grummond say 13 December.

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for six weeks. His change of focus allowed the Royalist forces to regain control of the Magdalena. On 8 May, Bolívar made a truce with del Castillo, resigned his command, and sailed for self-exile on

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Bolívar departed Venezuela to return to Bogotá in July 1827. He arrived on 10 September with an army he had gathered at Cartagena and secured the calling of a new congress to meet at the city of

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Venezuela became overwhelmingly positive and eventually became what has been described by scholars as the "cult of Bolívar", led by succeeding heads of the Venezuelan state. In 1998, President

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by a mutual friend. Bolívar and Pétion impressed and befriended each other and, after Bolívar pledged to free every slave in the areas he occupied, Pétion gave him money and military supplies.

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in early August. Angostura became the provisional Republican capital and in September, Bolívar began creating formal political and military structures for the republic. Following a meeting at

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treason for his earlier rebellion; Santander, whom Bolívar thought responsible for the plot, was pardoned but exiled from Colombia. In December 1828, Bolívar left Bogotá to respond to Peru's

1219:. It had a weak base of support and enemies in conservative whites, disenfranchised people of color, and the already hostile Venezuelan provinces, which received troops and supplies from the 12791: 1102:, sought to form their own local government in place of the existing Spanish government. On 24 November 1808, a group of creoles presented a petition demanding an independent government to 802:, her previous favorite, returned to power. As members of Mallo's faction at court, Esteban was arrested on pretense, and Bolívar was banished from court following a public incident at the 612: 14652: 14509: 14223: 1695:

and pursued to Barcelona by a larger Royalist force. At Bolívar's request, Mariño arrived on 8 February with Bermúdez, who then reconciled with Bolívar, and forced a Royalist withdrawal.

1443:, that permission did not come until 7 May because of del Castillo's opposition to the invasion. When a limited invasion was permitted, Castillo resigned his command and was succeeded by 14431: 13867: 1558: 2437: 602: 14249: 13190: 12813: 634: 14236: 14171: 14145: 13105: 12757: 4250: 4011: 3926:

and its Royalist leanings during the wars of independence, he sought to co-opt its social capital for the benefit of the republics he established rather than dismember the Church.

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convened in the city. Bolívar submitted his resignation from the presidency, which the congress did not accept until 27 April, following the appointment of New Granadan politician

1515:. Beginning in February 1814, Boves surged out of the Llanos and overwhelmed the republic, occupying Caracas on 16 July and then destroying Mariño's powerbase on 5 December at the 1232: 549: 13012: 2223: 1978:. Pasto and Quito were Royalist strongholds, while Guayaquil had declared its independence on 9 October 1820 and had been garrisoned by Sucre on Bolívar's orders in January 1821. 1348: 14925: 14910: 14132: 2069: 871: 14483: 14210: 13031: 2233:

was ratified with modification by the Bolivian congress in July 1826. Peru, whose elites chafed at Bolívar's rule and the presence of his soldiers, was also induced to accept

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wrote to him on 10 November to communicate his acquiescence and reoccupied Lima on 5 December 1824. On 9 December, Sucre decisively defeated La Serna's Royalists at the

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on 24 May 1822, and occupied Quito. On 6 June, Pasto surrendered, and ten days later Bolívar paraded through Quito with Sucre. He also met the Ecuadorian Republican

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economic reforms and began to hold elections for representatives to a congress to be held in Caracas. It had also alienated Caracas from the Venezuelan provinces of

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Masur, Langley, and Arana state that Bolívar issued his proclamation of emancipation in early June. Slatta, de Grummond, and Lynch state that it was issued in July.

1915: 1890: 1359: 722: 14743: 3922:, and sought British aid in securing Latin American independence. The extent of Bolívar's religiosity is debated; while Bolívar resented the social capital of the 1296: 1135: 451:. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and promoted Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to 11475: 11353: 15563: 12828: 4251:"Ley Disponiendo Que El Ejecutivo Comunique A Bolívar La Abolición De La Constitución Vitalicia Y La Elección De Presidente De La República, 22 de Junio de 1827" 2136: 1929: 649: 11452: 16101: 736:

forced him to go into exile, and Bolívar was enrolled in an honorary militia force. When he was commissioned as an officer after a year, his uncles Carlos and

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succeed Bolívar on his death as King of Colombia. This plan was widely unpopular, and inspired Córdova to launch a revolt that was crushed in October 1829 by

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produced no agreement between Bolívar and San Martín. Ill, politically isolated, and disillusioned, San Martín resigned from his offices and went into exile.

423:) but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in 16136: 679:

As a child, Bolívar was notoriously unruly and neglected his studies. Before his mother died, he spent two years under the tutelage of the Venezuelan lawyer

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and his staff, which included Fernando Rodríguez del Toro. The creoles also resisted Emparán's government, despite his friendlier disposition towards them.

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at his request, and then issued an arrest warrant on 23 July after Piar began fomenting rebellion, alleging that Bolívar had dismissed him because of his

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in 1801, Bolívar himself left for Bilbao and remained there when the del Toros returned to the capital in August 1801. Early in 1802, Bolívar traveled to

16126: 11051: 1258: 12746: 580: 1691:, who controlled most of the western Llanos, to unite under his leadership. On 8 January 1817, Bolívar marched towards Caracas but was defeated at the 2251:. On 3 September, responding to pleas for his return to Colombia, Bolívar departed Peru and left it under a governing council led by Bolivian general 1586: 1557:, and was given command of New Granada's armies in January 1815. Bolívar next grappled with del Castillo, who had taken control of Cartagena. Bolívar 11375: 1651:

eastward. After a delay to allow a lover of Bolívar's to join the fleet, it arrived on 2 May at Margarita Island, controlled by Republican commander

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as "at once privileged and deprived." Juan Vicente died of tuberculosis on 19 January 1786, leaving María de la Concepción Palacios and her father,

15548: 12773: 2228: 1816: 565: 502:. After promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America, Bolívar received military support from Pétion and returned to Venezuela. He established a 12936: 1855: 507: 13773: 13170: 11416: 4007: 3869: 1655:. Bolívar next moved to the mainland, where he declared the emancipation of all slaves and annulled of the Decree of War to the Death. He seized 11583: 16161: 16066: 2025:

To the south, Sucre, who had been trapped in Guayaquil by Royalist advances from Quito, now advanced, decisively defeated the Royalists at the

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to face Bolívar. Heavy rainfall in September halted Bolívar's advance, and on 6 October he gave command of the army to Sucre and moved to

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that secured control of the Magdalena River from Royalist forces by 8 January 1813. In February, he joined forces with Republican colonel

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overran western Venezuela. Miranda, retreating east with a disintegrating army, ordered Bolívar to assume command of the coastal city of

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of all Royalist forces in Peru. The garrison of Callao and Olañeta ignored the surrender. Shortly after arriving in Lima, Bolívar began

2077: 16196: 16111: 16091: 15664: 10403: 10124: 4347: 3990:, who had made extensive use of Bolívar's image for government projects and initiatives, changed the official name of Venezuela to the 1550: 13363: 1683:, a Dutch merchant, and arrived ten days later at Barcelona. There, Bolívar announced his return and called for a congress for a new, 112: 15432: 1158: 10028: 3958:

Bolívar has had an immense legacy, becoming the essential personality of Latin America. The currencies of Venezuela and Bolivia—the

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and overthrow his government. The attempt was thwarted by Sáenz, who bought time for Bolívar to escape as the assassins entered the

995:, and Humboldt again. Rome's sites and history excited Bolívar. On 18 August 1805, when he, del Toro, and Rodríguez traveled to the 73: 16116: 15593: 13244: 11517: 11003: 1228: 471: 13880: 9170: 4342: 16081: 12898: 12018: 3426: 1165:. Led by Bolívar, the Venezuelans argued in favor of Venezuelan independence, which Wellesley stated that it was intolerable for 858:

on 15 June and sailed for La Guaira, where they arrived on 12 July. They settled in Caracas, where del Toro fell ill and died of

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announced that the commission could not prove Chávez's claim. Chávez continued to claim that Bolívar had been assassinated via

1209: 617: 14275: 13832: 10871: 2442: 1619:, in which Bolívar again laid out his ideology and vision of the future of the Americas. On 9 December, the Venezuelan pirate 16076: 16056: 15598: 15455: 12920: 12598: 12566: 12516: 12493: 12470: 12353: 12276: 12250: 12218: 12195: 12168: 12138: 12115: 3577: 3517: 1723:

heritage. Piar was captured on 27 September as he fled to join Mariño and was brought to Angostura, where he was executed by

1012: 644:(born 1781), and Simón – were raised separately from each other and their mother, and, following colonial custom, by African 463: 456: 14418: 13989: 13819: 12441: 11971: 1522:

As Boves approached Caracas, Bolívar ordered the city stripped of its gold and silver, which was moved through La Guaira to

1314:

Beginning in November 1811, Royalist forces began pushing back the Republicans from the north and east. On 26 March 1812, a

16106: 16046: 13296: 13165: 13155: 9964: 4284: 3650: 2187: 11271: 11103: 10537: 9462: 8809: 8117: 5461: 3567: 2050: 1098:. This news arrived in Venezuela in July 1808. Napoleonic rule was rejected and Venezuelan creoles, though still loyal to 348: 16176: 16171: 15960: 15543: 13766: 13237: 12429: 3862: 3720: 3346: 3037: 2463: 2178:

that was managed by Simón Rodríguez. In April 1825, Bolívar began a tour of southern Peru that took him to the cities of

1530:. Bolívar then led 20,000 of its citizens east. He arrived in Barcelona on 2 August, but following another defeat at the 1197: 24: 14392: 12818: 12385:

Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar, Englishman: Elite Responsibility and Social Reform in Spanish American Independence". In

11343: 2338:, and the Colombian Army. Bolívar spent the night hiding under a bridge until soldiers loyal to his regime rescued him. 2318:

The convention appeared likely to adopt a federalist system. To prevent this, on 11 June 1828 Bolívar's allies staged a

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that lasted until January 1826, and sent Sucre into Upper Peru to eliminate Olañeta. However, Oleñeta was killed at the

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on 30 January 1818, Páez recognized Bolívar as supreme leader. In February 1818, the Republicans moved north and took

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on 15 February 1819. There, Bolívar gave a speech in which he advocated for a centralized government modeled on the

1727:

on 16 October. Bolívar then sent Sucre to reconcile with Mariño, who pledged loyalty to Bolívar on 26 January 1818.

876: 16181: 16146: 15768: 15674: 14960: 14900: 14864: 13195: 12715: 5373: 5313: 3991: 3971: 3923: 3695: 3366: 2056: 1811: 1220: 671:, respectively. Bolívar came to loathe Carlos Palacios, who had no interest in the boy other than his inheritance. 12573:"La encrucijada del cambio: Simón Bolívar entre dos paradigmas (una reflexión ante la encrucijada postindustrial)" 11227: 10676: 10056: 3607: 2335: 2311: 15788: 15783: 15735: 15618: 15588: 15528: 14600: 14340: 13950: 13268: 12636: 12619:

Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar and friends: Recent biographies of independence figures in Colombia and Venezuela"

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While Bolívar was away, Urdaneta and the council of ministers planned with French envoys to have a member of the

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rejected. Meanwhile, the Colombian soldiers garrisoned in Lima mutinied, arrested their Venezuelan officers, and

2119:

on 6 August, driving them out of Peru. Choosing to ignore Olañeta, la Serna ordered his forces to concentrate at

1497:, and Guayana was controlled by Republicans, Bolívar only governed western Venezuela. The east was controlled by 1386: 1078: 850:

Bolívar and del Toro, aged 18 and 21 respectively, were married in Madrid on 26 May 1802. The couple boarded the

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of the Andes on 22 June and began a grueling crossing. On 6 July, the Republicans descended from the Andes at

1627:. Bolívar tentatively accepted and escaped assassination that night when his manservant mistakenly killed his 1032:

By April 1806, Bolívar had returned to Paris and desired passage to Venezuela, where Venezuelan revolutionary

937:... that I will not rest body or soul until I have broken the chains binding us to the will of Spanish might! 527:

in 1830. His legacy is diverse and far-reaching within Latin America and beyond. He is regarded as a hero and

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Gómez Pernia, Alejandro E. "The Liberator's Sword: The Most Precious Relic of the Bolivarian Revolution". In

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Bolívar escaped La Guaira early on 31 July 1812 and rode to Caracas, where he hid from arrest in the home of

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and Andrés Bello by paying for the mission. The trio boarded a British warship in June 1810 and arrived at

908:, and Simón Rodríguez, who joined Bolívar and del Toro in their apartment. While in Paris, Bolívar began a 742: 689: 479: 372:

December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of

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and Cuzco by August. As Bolívar approached Upper Peru, a congress gathered in the city of Chuquisaca (now

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respectively—are named after Bolívar. In the English-speaking world, Bolívar is known as Latin America's

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parties respectively. Bolívar continued to have such a cultural influence in Colombia that in 1974 the

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In February 1821, as Bolívar was traveling from Bogotá to Cúcuta in anticipation of the opening of

1934: 1204:, which professed loyalty to the regency council, and began hostilities with them. Co-founding the 654: 428: 15050: 14965: 14920: 14661: 14505: 14466: 14440: 14414: 14388: 14219: 13810: 12692: 12607: 11409:[Venezuela Exhumes Body of Simón Bolívar to Investigate If He Was Poisoned with Arsenic]. 9821: 9230: 7390: 5028: 2937: 2456: 2174:

were largely not carried out, such as a school system based on the principles of English educator

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brought Bolívar news from New Granada and asked him to join the Republican community in exile in

1323:

for declaring independence from Spain. By April, a Royalist army under the Spanish naval officer

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organized by Bolívar convened without his attendance and produced no change in the hemispheric

2147: 1752: 1688: 1335:, which contained Royalist prisoners and most of the republic's remaining arms and ammunition. 1307: 1248: 1099: 1091: 917: 881:, a childhood friend and relative of his wife, made their way to Paris and arrived in time for 593: 15305: 15060: 13610: 13464: 13137: 10355: 9210: 5913: 2839: 2296: 2158:

serving as his second in command, Sucre completed the liberation of Upper Peru in April 1825.

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Bolívar entered Casanare Province with his army on 4 June 1819, then met up with Santander at

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arrived on 1 September. Late in October, the exiles arranged for passage west to the city of

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declared its independence on 28 November 1821 and joined Colombia. Peru had been invaded by

1947: 1659:

on 31 May and sent Mariño and Piar into Guayana to build their own army, then took and held

1545:

Bolívar arrived in Cartagena on 19 September and then met with the New Granadan congress in

1459:) by its town council, a title first given to him by the citizens of the Venezuelan town of 901: 16041: 16036: 15912: 15684: 15260: 15110: 14795: 14596: 14336: 14232: 13946: 13782: 13431: 13129: 12874: 12854: 12682: 11794: 11666: 5164: 4039: 3931: 3887: 3755: 3497: 3436: 2799: 2721: 2628: 2595: 2413: 2195: 2034: 1523: 1033: 1022: 752: 710: 528: 512: 175: 15345: 15235: 15215: 14323: 14167: 14141: 13200: 12572: 7953: 5144: 4022: 2000: 1928:. Bolívar and Morillo signed the treaties on 25 and 26 November, then met the next day at 1290:... He saw me and , "We will fight nature itself if it opposes us, and force it to obey." 1126:, independent from the Spanish regency but not Ferdinand VII. Absent from Caracas for the 992: 8: 15745: 15538: 14349: 13907: 13580: 13522: 13497: 12983: 12107: 11348: 11031: 10216: 9801: 9610: 9542: 9486: 8926: 8890: 8649: 8421: 6073: 4483: 4431: 3730: 3675: 3597: 3507: 3396: 2909: 2691: 2681: 2676: 2565: 2367: 2306: 2026: 1975: 1839:

and left Páez, Mariño, Urdaneta, and Bermúdez to tie down Morillo's forces in Venezuela.

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at Bolívar's direction in January and then pardoned, while Sucre and Venezuelan general

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as a result of this error. In July, 8,000 Spanish soldiers commanded by Spanish general

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from 1799 to 1804. Bolívar allegedly discussed Spanish American independence with them.

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Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)

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to convince him to return. Bolívar and Zea set sail for Venezuela on 21 December with

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United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)

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over the wearing of diamonds without royal permission. Bolívar also at this time met

132: 15065: 15055: 15045: 15020: 14945: 14905: 14570: 14401: 13660: 13113: 12586:. Caracas: Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información, 2009. 11407:"Exhuman el cadáver de Simón Bolívar para investigar si fue envenenado con arsénico" 3092: 2550: 2408: 1877:, including the regions of Venezuela, New Granada, and the still Spanish-controlled 1835:

in August 1818. On 27 May, Bolívar marched with more than 2,000 soldiers toward the

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from 6 to 14 July, when it was recaptured by the Royalists. Bolívar fled by sea to

1604: 1535: 1489:, which retained the weaknesses of the first republic. Though all of Venezuela but 1201: 1095: 1053: 803: 15025: 14063: 13959: 13710: 13620: 10188: 6093: 4845: 3137: 3047: 2425:

in October and then, at the invitation of a Spanish landowner in the area, to the

2274:

and entered Caracas with him to much jubilation; for two months, Bolívar attended

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Safford, Frank. "Bolívar as Triumphal State Maker and Despairing "Democrat"". In

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and into the plains of New Granada. After a brief convalescence, the Republicans

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near Santa Marta. There, on 17 December 1830, at the age of 47, Bolívar died of

2161: 2112: 1761:. Bolívar next advanced towards Caracas, but was defeated while en route at the 1703:, and then joined a force of Piar's troops besieging the city of Angostura (now 762: 718: 15900: 15888: 15864: 15385: 15360: 15200: 15185: 15160: 14622: 13715: 12989: 12902: 12886: 12459:

Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas: Biography, Ideology, and the Public Sphere

9785: 3899: 3775: 3502: 3468: 3267: 3257: 3212: 3172: 3167: 3112: 3102: 3097: 3082: 3012: 2997: 2982: 2972: 2884: 2784: 2774: 2764: 2211: 2064:, Peru's capital, on 1 September, Peru was split between two rival presidents, 1620: 1616: 1405: 1328: 1087: 695: 585: 452: 420: 397: 289: 15355: 15335: 14362: 12550: 12312: 10609: 9050: 8145: 7422: 7302: 7274: 7126: 6722: 4006:, an insurgent leftist group that later joined an alliance thereof called the 3987: 3067: 2467: 1534:

on 17 August 1814, he moved to Cumaná. On 26 August, he sailed with Mariño to

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on 22 January 1803. Bolívar was devastated by del Toro's death and later told

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while he awaited permission to return to Madrid, which was granted in April.

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Bolívar's death has been the subject of conspiracy theories advanced by the

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Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco

31: 12593:. London: University of London Institute of Latin American Studies, 1983. 11702: 10387: 5961: 5709: 5661: 5549: 5429: 5229: 5108: 4992: 4976: 4928: 4603: 4519: 3974:

was opened as a museum and archive of his papers on 5 July 1921. In 1978,

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in the 4th century BC, Bolívar swore to end Spanish rule in the Americas.

855: 15936: 15608: 14765: 14739: 14700: 14544: 14531: 13229: 12394:

Jaksic, Iván. "Simón Bolívar and Andrés Bello: The Republican Ideal". In

12242: 12095: 11650: 8405: 4944: 4809: 3911: 3760: 3297: 3237: 3187: 3132: 2927: 2859: 2585: 2580: 2300: 1939:. After this meeting, Morillo turned his command over to Spanish general 1881:, and elected Bolívar and Zea president and vice president respectively. 1577: 1539: 1269:

argued for more punitive and forceful campaigning against the Royalists.

1227:. On 13 July 1811, the republic raised militias to fight the pro-Spanish 967:. The trio arrived on 26 May 1805 and witnessed Napoleon's coronation as 815: 645: 259: 13751: 11754: 3840: 2198:, and asked him to write a constitution for Bolivia. Bolívar arrived in 1667:

where, on 22 August, he was deposed by Mariño and Venezuelan Republican

1656: 1631:

as part of a Spanish plot. He left Jamaica eight days later, arrived in

1594: 1113:

By February 1810, French victories in Spain prompted the dissolution of

814:

in August 1800, but were separated when the del Toros left Madrid for a

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custody of Juan Vicente and Simón to his sons, Juan Félix Palacios and

440: 12561:(Second edition). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 11921: 11598: 10715: 6994: 1905:

talks until 21 November, when Colombian and Royalist delegates met in

1370: 788: 15773: 15613: 14849: 14791: 12624: 12603: 12485: 12054: 11443:"Hugo Chávez Claims Simón Bolívar Was Murdered Not Backed by Science" 11147: 9697: 9082: 8721: 7897: 5589: 4066:

as Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Peruvian Republic.

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against la Serna. Bolívar seized the opportunity to advance into the

2013: 1962:

After the Battle of Carabobo, Bolívar turned his attention south, to

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against the Royalists. They arrived in November and were welcomed by

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Armillas-Tiseyra, Magalí (Fall 2013). "Introduction: Dislocations".

6581: 5805: 2199: 1664: 1554: 1527: 1432: 1282:... I saw the church of San Jacinto collapse on its own foundations. 15659: 15583: 13567: 12894: 11925: 11512: 5076: 3117: 2874: 2638: 2575: 2179: 2124: 1874: 1743: 1648: 1482: 1257:

later in July, the congress replaced del Toro with Miranda, and he

980: 947:

In April 1805, Bolívar left Paris with Rodríguez and del Toro on a

882: 792: 674: 571: 373: 15779:

Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)

15410: 11344:"Chávez, Assailed on Many Fronts, Is Riveted by 19th-Century Idol" 7442: 6918: 6037: 5745: 5064: 4663: 4661: 784: 11211: 10462: 10256: 9865: 9374: 9154: 8910: 8833: 8681: 8637: 8441: 8305: 7669: 7569: 6934: 6313: 6297: 6269: 5489: 5445: 4352: 2436:

Bolívar's body, dressed in a borrowed shirt, was interred in the

2319: 2191: 1971: 1720: 1569: 1503: 1045: 1036:

had just attempted an invasion with American volunteers. British

811: 541: 491: 412: 393: 381: 238: 35: 15564:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)

12700: 11730: 7186: 6858: 6693: 6565: 6485: 6469: 6257: 2314:

through which Bolívar escaped assassination on 25 September 1828

2210:, who tried without success to convince him to intervene in the 11967: 6113: 5997: 5217: 4701: 4658: 4539: 4503: 3975: 2794: 2323: 2085: 1979: 1508: 1065: 976: 823: 819: 748: 424: 389: 11853: 5933: 5897: 5265: 5201: 4912: 4829: 4757: 4673: 4111: 3945:

debate over the meaning of his figure having no end in sight.

1591:, which capitulated on 6 December; del Castillo was executed. 15954: 15689: 12505:

Simón Bolívar: Travels and Transformations of a Cultural Icon

12346:

Simón Bolívar: Essays on the Life and Legacy of the Liberator

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against Morillo, albeit ineffectively. In May, as the annual

1624: 1546: 964: 952: 827: 592:

Simón Bolívar's childhood was described by British historian

495: 12066: 10436: 10434: 10325: 10323: 9910: 9908: 9671: 9669: 8856: 8854: 8852: 4168: 4120: 810:, the daughter of another wealthy Caracas creole. They were 519:), with Bolívar as president there and in Peru and Bolivia. 15533: 15503:

United States involvement in regime change in Latin America

14884: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6609: 6433: 6329: 4156: 2061: 1553:. On 12 December, Bolívar captured Cundinamarca's capital, 1127: 984: 956: 834:

Return to Venezuela and second journey to Europe: 1802–1805

822:. After Uztáriz left Madrid for a government assignment in 611:

over the Bolívar children's inheritances. Those children –

455:, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the 444: 385: 11986: 4099: 2366:

in February, leading to an armistice in July and then the

1889:

military and political position was fatally undermined by

798:

At the same time, Mallo fell out of the Queen's favor and

732:. In 1797, Rodríguez's connection to the pro-independence 498:, Bolívar met and befriended Haitian revolutionary leader 15731:

Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)

12367:

Collier, Simon. "Simón Bolívar as Political Thinker". In

11782: 11508:"Venezuela Hero Simón Bolívar 'Death Tests' Inconclusive" 10431: 10375: 10320: 9905: 9666: 9598: 9450: 8849: 8761: 8709: 8481: 8217: 8045: 7841: 7378: 7354: 7290: 7262: 7226: 6657: 4283:(in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 19 December 2011. 4162: 4105: 1538:

with the treasure. The officer in control of the island,

1181:

Oil on canvas "Terremoto de 1812", by Venezuelan painter

15549:

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

12559:

The Emergence of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

11638: 11476:"Venezuela Unable to Determine Cause of Bolívar's Death" 6705: 6501: 6457: 6285: 4279:[Debate Ignites over Simón Bolívar's Position]. 1957: 1846:, on 11 June. The combined Republican force reached the 1635:

on 24 December, and on 2 January 1816 was introduced to

1044:, however, obliged Bolívar to board an American ship in 773:

On 19 January 1799, Bolívar boarded the Spanish warship

12376:

Ewell, Judith. "Bolívar's Atlantic Word Diplomacy". In

12127:

Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan Rebel, American Revolutionary

12042: 11626: 7366: 5949: 2237:

of Bolívar's constitution on 16 August. In Venezuela,

1342: 1188:

While Bolívar was in England, the Supreme Junta passed

11922:"Venezuela Honors Simón Bolívar's Lover Manuela Saenz" 11770: 11742: 11718: 11614: 6245: 5191: 5189: 5187: 4628: 4626: 4551: 3474: 15836: 12503:

Shanahan, Maureen G.; Reyes, Ana Maria, eds. (2017).

11944: 11829: 11819: 11817: 10683:(in Spanish). Government of Bolivia. 19 December 1825 9773: 8946: 7581: 7050: 6373: 5697: 4277:"Se enciende el debate por el cargo de Simón Bolívar" 4177: 4130: 2055:. After initially refusing Colombian assistance, the 1862:

until, on 7 August, the Royalists were routed at the

1757:, who had returned to Venezuela a year earlier after 1595:

Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, and New Granada: 1815–1819

16:

Venezuelan statesman and military officer (1783–1830)

12205:

Slatta, Richard W.; de Grummond, Jane Lucas (2003).

7342: 6645: 6445: 6233: 6221: 6209: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4096: 1891:

the mutiny of Spanish soldiers in Cádiz on 1 January

1869:

Desiring to merge New Granada and Venezuela into a "

16132:

People of the Spanish American wars of independence

13206:

List of places and things named after Simón Bolivar

12641:(In Spanish) –12,000+ transcribed documents of the 11901: 11841: 6597: 5625: 5401: 5341: 5281: 5184: 5052: 4964: 4797: 4689: 4623: 4399: 4150: 4093: 1385:to offer their services as military leaders to the 12616:, Vol. III. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1858. 12344:Bushnell, David; Langley, Lester D., eds. (2008). 12179: 12152: 12099: 11814: 10681:Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia 4471: 1920:on 25 November, establishing a six-month truce, a 1415:While en route to his posting, Bolívar issued the 1278:... and the earth began to shake with a huge roar. 1215:The declaration of independence created the first 698:in Caracas. In 1793, Carlos enrolled Bolívar at a 439:in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a 419:into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards ( 12415: 12204: 12060: 12024: 11891: 11871: 11321: 11281: 11237: 11197: 11173: 11133: 11113: 11061: 11037: 11013: 10993: 10973: 10949: 10933: 10881: 10861: 10841: 10801: 10777: 10741: 10705: 10659: 10635: 10595: 10547: 10527: 10511: 10491: 10456: 10413: 10345: 10302: 10278: 10246: 10226: 10194: 10174: 10134: 10110: 10090: 10066: 10038: 10002: 9974: 9930: 9891: 9851: 9827: 9811: 9763: 9739: 9719: 9687: 9640: 9620: 9588: 9572: 9548: 9516: 9496: 9472: 9436: 9416: 9400: 9360: 9340: 9316: 9296: 9240: 9216: 9180: 9148: 9124: 9104: 9040: 9012: 8992: 8968: 8936: 8876: 8819: 8783: 8747: 8699: 8687: 8659: 8643: 8627: 8607: 8563: 8543: 8519: 8503: 8467: 8427: 8395: 8363: 8347: 8331: 8295: 8275: 8255: 8207: 8191: 8171: 8127: 8103: 8067: 8031: 8011: 7983: 7959: 7919: 7903: 7879: 7859: 7827: 7803: 7779: 7755: 7731: 7695: 7655: 7639: 7619: 7599: 7575: 7555: 7516: 7496: 7464: 7400: 7328: 7308: 7280: 7248: 7208: 7192: 7172: 7152: 7132: 7116: 7092: 7036: 7016: 6980: 6960: 6884: 6844: 6828: 6808: 6788: 6764: 6748: 6699: 6679: 6627: 6551: 6523: 6423: 6395: 6367: 6347: 6263: 6195: 6179: 6155: 6135: 6083: 6059: 6019: 6003: 5983: 5967: 5923: 5883: 5863: 5827: 5791: 5771: 5731: 5715: 5683: 5667: 5647: 5611: 5575: 5555: 5535: 5511: 5471: 5435: 5419: 5383: 5359: 5323: 5299: 5255: 5235: 5223: 5174: 5154: 5134: 5114: 5082: 5070: 5038: 5014: 4998: 4982: 4934: 4898: 4783: 4667: 4648: 4593: 4573: 4545: 4489: 4441: 4421: 4381: 4211:, and that is the pronunciation in the recording. 1734:to Bolívar's forces, which gained control of the 1687:. He wrote to the Republican leaders, especially 16023: 12294: 11859: 2202:on 5 October and met with two Argentine agents, 1006: 889:on 18 May 1804. They rented an apartment on the 675:Education and first journey to Europe: 1793–1802 15594:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) 12404: 12395: 12386: 12377: 12368: 12343: 12087: 11574:"Why Venezuela's Chávez Dug Up Bolívar's Bones" 11441:Phillips, Tom; Lopez, Virginia (26 July 2011). 2154:prior to Sucre's arrival. With Irish volunteer 1715:, to Bolívar. On 30 June, Bolívar granted Piar 912:with the Countess Dervieu du Villars, at whose 583:was one of the wealthiest and most prestigious 44: and the second or maternal family name is 15574:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) 2303:to monitor its proceedings through his aides. 1052:, in January 1807, and from there traveled to 842:Wedding of Bolívar and del Toro as painted by 747:decided to send Bolívar to join the latter in 19:"Bolívar" redirects here. For other uses, see 16102:Burials at the National Pantheon of Venezuela 15799:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) 15519:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) 15426: 14865: 13767: 13245: 13221: 12716: 12531: 12502: 11440: 3863: 16137:People of the Venezuelan War of Independence 12529: 12072: 11541:"Building a New History by Exhuming Bolívar" 10677:"Decreto Supremo de 29 de diciembre de 1825" 3882:Bolívar's personal beliefs were liberal and 2299:opened on 9 April, Bolívar based himself at 1511:, to the south – led by the Spanish warlord 15599:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI) 15534:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) 12551:The Liberator, Simón Bolívar: Man and Image 2092:In May 1823, conservative Royalist general 1776: 1549:, which tasked him with subduing the rival 900:and met with other South Americans such as 589:(creole) families in the Spanish Americas. 145:10 February 1824 – 27 January 1827 16127:People of the Peruvian War of Independence 15769:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) 15665:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement 15544:Central American Integration System (SICA) 15433: 15419: 14872: 14858: 14834: 13774: 13760: 13259: 13252: 13238: 12723: 12709: 11964:"International UNESCO/Simón Bolívar Prize" 4348:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 4008:Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board 3870: 3856: 1551:Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca 540:Simón Bolívar was born on 24 July 1783 in 490:in 1815, Bolívar was forced into exile on 72: 13781: 13171:Statue of Simón Bolívar, Washington, D.C. 12479: 12229: 11376:"Bolívar and Chávez, a Worthy Comparison" 10579: 10567: 10440: 10329: 10210: 10158: 9914: 9675: 9660: 9604: 9536: 9456: 9204: 9076: 9028: 8860: 8803: 8767: 8715: 8675: 8487: 8383: 8223: 8051: 7847: 7536: 7484: 7416: 7384: 7360: 7296: 7268: 7232: 6716: 6615: 6507: 6439: 6335: 6291: 5955: 2350:and a revolt in Popayán and Pasto led by 2258: 1404:, who instructed his commanding general, 188:6 August 1825 – 29 December 1825 102:16 February 1819 – 27 April 1830 15619:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) 12784:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 12769:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco 12265:El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar 12259: 12239:The Bolívarian Revolution: Simón Bolívar 5495: 2407: 2305: 2160: 2012: 1780: 1598: 1481:On 2 January 1814, Bolívar was made the 1465: 1176: 1016: 837: 808:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 761: 751:. There, Esteban was friends with Queen 561:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco 535: 433:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 427:from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to 312:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 13364:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría 12591:Simón Bolívar and the Age of Revolution 12482:War and Independence in Spanish America 12402: 12366: 12124: 12048: 12032: 12008: 11875: 11776: 11760: 11748: 11736: 11724: 11712: 11672: 11620: 11604: 11571: 11436: 11434: 11181: 11093: 11069: 11021: 10913: 10889: 10421: 10310: 10286: 10142: 10118: 10046: 9982: 9831: 9188: 9060: 8155: 8135: 7991: 7963: 7887: 7807: 7763: 7719: 7520: 7468: 7452: 7432: 7216: 6984: 6928: 6635: 6531: 6527: 6403: 6323: 6307: 6279: 6251: 6139: 6103: 6027: 5703: 5479: 5423: 5391: 5331: 5158: 5098: 5042: 4747: 4727: 4707: 4613: 4597: 4529: 4509: 4493: 4461: 4445: 4405: 4389: 3427:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 2412:Bolívar's death, by Venezuelan painter 2281:occupied Guayaquil until September 1827 1943:and departed for Spain on 17 December. 1900:, which forced Ferdinand VII to accept 1172: 326: 1802; died 1803) 113:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría 16024: 14879: 12422:Presente y Pasado: Revista de Historia 12393: 12384: 11708: 11680: 11644: 11608: 11538: 11341: 4021:alleged to belong to Bolívar from his 2010:in southern Colombia on 7 April 1822. 1858:against the forces of Spanish colonel 506:in 1817 and then crossed the Andes to 16162:Venezuelan people of Canarian descent 16067:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis 15589:Organization of American States (OAS) 15569:Latin American Economic System (SELA) 15529:Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 15456:Spanish American wars of independence 15414: 14853: 13755: 13233: 13220: 12704: 12557:Bushnell, David and Macaulay, Neill. 12416:Cardozo Uzcátegui, Alejandro (2011). 12375: 12236: 12177: 12147: 12094: 12036: 12028: 12012: 12004: 11992: 11950: 11919: 11895: 11879: 11835: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11788: 11764: 11696: 11692: 11676: 11660: 11656: 11632: 11473: 11404: 11356:from the original on 12 November 2012 11329: 11325: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11289: 11285: 11277: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11245: 11241: 11233: 11221: 11217: 11205: 11201: 11185: 11177: 11169: 11157: 11153: 11141: 11137: 11121: 11117: 11109: 11097: 11089: 11085: 11073: 11065: 11057: 11045: 11041: 11025: 11017: 11009: 10997: 10981: 10977: 10969: 10957: 10953: 10945: 10929: 10917: 10909: 10905: 10893: 10885: 10877: 10865: 10849: 10845: 10837: 10825: 10821: 10817: 10805: 10797: 10785: 10781: 10773: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10737: 10725: 10721: 10709: 10701: 10663: 10655: 10643: 10639: 10631: 10619: 10615: 10603: 10599: 10591: 10555: 10551: 10543: 10531: 10515: 10499: 10495: 10487: 10472: 10468: 10452: 10425: 10417: 10409: 10397: 10393: 10381: 10369: 10365: 10361: 10349: 10341: 10314: 10306: 10290: 10282: 10266: 10262: 10250: 10242: 10230: 10222: 10198: 10182: 10178: 10170: 10146: 10138: 10130: 10114: 10106: 10094: 10086: 10074: 10070: 10062: 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8311: 8299: 8283: 8279: 8271: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8211: 8203: 8187: 8175: 8159: 8151: 8139: 8131: 8123: 8111: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8071: 8063: 8039: 8035: 8027: 8015: 8007: 7995: 7987: 7979: 7967: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7927: 7923: 7915: 7891: 7883: 7875: 7863: 7835: 7831: 7823: 7811: 7799: 7787: 7783: 7767: 7759: 7751: 7739: 7735: 7715: 7711: 7699: 7691: 7679: 7675: 7663: 7659: 7643: 7627: 7623: 7615: 7603: 7587: 7563: 7559: 7551: 7524: 7504: 7500: 7472: 7448: 7436: 7428: 7404: 7396: 7372: 7348: 7336: 7332: 7324: 7312: 7284: 7256: 7252: 7244: 7220: 7212: 7204: 7180: 7176: 7168: 7156: 7148: 7136: 7120: 7112: 7100: 7096: 7088: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7056: 7044: 7040: 7032: 7020: 7004: 7000: 6988: 6968: 6964: 6956: 6944: 6940: 6924: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6892: 6888: 6880: 6868: 6864: 6852: 6848: 6832: 6824: 6812: 6804: 6792: 6784: 6772: 6768: 6752: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6663: 6651: 6639: 6631: 6603: 6591: 6587: 6575: 6571: 6559: 6555: 6547: 6535: 6519: 6495: 6491: 6479: 6475: 6463: 6451: 6427: 6419: 6407: 6399: 6391: 6379: 6363: 6351: 6319: 6303: 6275: 6239: 6227: 6215: 6203: 6199: 6183: 6175: 6163: 6159: 6143: 6123: 6119: 6107: 6099: 6087: 6079: 6067: 6063: 6047: 6043: 6031: 6023: 6015: 5991: 5987: 5971: 5943: 5939: 5927: 5919: 5907: 5903: 5891: 5887: 5871: 5867: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5831: 5815: 5811: 5799: 5795: 5779: 5775: 5767: 5755: 5751: 5739: 5735: 5719: 5691: 5687: 5671: 5655: 5651: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5615: 5599: 5595: 5583: 5579: 5571: 5559: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5519: 5515: 5499: 5483: 5475: 5467: 5455: 5451: 5439: 5407: 5395: 5387: 5379: 5367: 5363: 5347: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5307: 5303: 5287: 5275: 5271: 5259: 5251: 5239: 5211: 5207: 5195: 5178: 5170: 5150: 5138: 5130: 5118: 5102: 5094: 5058: 5046: 5034: 5022: 5018: 5002: 4986: 4970: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4938: 4922: 4918: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4839: 4835: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4767: 4763: 4751: 4743: 4731: 4723: 4711: 4695: 4683: 4679: 4652: 4644: 4632: 4617: 4609: 4581: 4577: 4569: 4557: 4533: 4525: 4513: 4497: 4477: 4465: 4457: 4437: 4425: 4417: 4393: 4385: 4377: 4287:from the original on 14 February 2023 4206: 4188: 3578:1946 Italian institutional referendum 3518:Spanish American wars of independence 1958:Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: 1821–1826 971:. From Milan, they traveled down the 457:Spanish-American wars of independence 16167:Venezuelan people of Spanish descent 15961: 13297:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo 12456: 12287: 11907: 11847: 11823: 11431: 4335: 4299: 2115:, where he defeated Canterac at the 1343:New Granada and Venezuela: 1812–1815 1048:in October 1806. Bolívar arrived in 648:; Simón was raised by a slave named 466:in 1810 as a militia officer in the 16157:Venezuelan people of Basque descent 15440: 12430:University of the Andes (Venezuela) 3952:Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas 3347:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 2485: 2464:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 2403: 2322:, leaving the convention without a 987:, where Bolívar met, among others, 924:, who had traveled through much of 548:, the fourth and youngest child of 13: 15498:Inter-American Commission of Women 13156:Bust of Simón Bolívar, Houston, TX 12625:https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12608 12554:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970. 12542: 11488:from the original on 28 March 2023 11419:from the original on 28 March 2022 10776:, pp. 407, 414–415, 423–426; 3930:and a constitution modeled on the 3894:; among his favorite authors were 1785:Equestrian portrait of Bolívar by 1773:congress that would meet in 1819. 1447:. On 14 May, Bolívar launched the 1115:the anti-French Spanish government 795:, literature, and social studies. 14: 16208: 16197:Viceroyalty of New Granada people 16112:Venezuelan independence activists 16092:Anti-imperialism in South America 15655:CARICOM Single Market and Economy 15629:United States Pirate Party (USPP) 13045:International Simón Bolívar Prize 12933:Spanish reconquest of New Granada 12730: 12630: 11974:from the original on 13 June 2023 11586:from the original on 2 April 2023 11520:from the original on 2 April 2023 11455:from the original on 2 April 2023 11342:Forero, Juan (23 February 2008). 3980:International Simón Bolívar Prize 2452:in Caracas, created that year by 2438:Cathedral Basilica of Santa Marta 2332:an attempt to assassinate Bolívar 2046:overwhelmed the Peruvian republic 1759:conquering Republican New Granada 1274:I left my house for the Cathedral 1221:Captaincy-Generals of Puerto Rico 1210:declared Venezuela's independence 16004: 15987: 15970: 15942: 15930: 15918: 15906: 15894: 15882: 15870: 15858: 15846: 15675:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union 15399: 14833: 14824: 14823: 14806: 13340: 12444:from the original on 31 May 2022 11956: 11932:from the original on 31 May 2022 11913: 11565: 11532: 11500: 11467: 11398: 11382:. 11 August 2011. Archived from 11368: 11335: 10669: 4223: 4214: 4146: 4089: 3992:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 3839: 3367:Discourses Concerning Government 1013:Military career of Simón Bolívar 347: 16117:Tuberculosis deaths in Colombia 15789:Free Trade Area of the Americas 15784:Economic Partnership Agreements 15736:Inter-American Development Bank 13269:United Provinces of New Granada 13166:Statue of Simón Bolívar, London 12207:Simón Bolívar's Quest for Glory 12082: 11539:Romero, Simon (3 August 2010). 3633:Barbadian Republic Proclamation 2427:Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino 2239:Páez revolted against Santander 2190:the region to be the nation of 1387:United Provinces of New Granada 1001:the plebs had seceded from Rome 484:United Provinces of New Granada 323: 16082:19th-century Venezuelan people 15461:Decolonization of the Americas 13013:Constitution of Bolivia (1826) 12951:Ecuadorian War of Independence 12929:Venezuelan War of Independence 12792:María Antonia Bolívar Palacios 12211:Texas A&M University Press 12188:University of New Mexico Press 11474:Gupta, Girish (26 July 2011). 11380:Council on Hemispheric Affairs 4269: 4243: 4079: 4069: 4057: 3972:the house in which he was born 3568:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt 3548:German Revolution of 1918–1919 2450:National Pantheon of Venezuela 2362:defeated the Peruvians at the 2243:a congress of American nations 2072:, and the Royalists under the 916:he likely met the naturalists 546:Captaincy General of Venezuela 468:Venezuelan War of Independence 417:Captaincy General of Venezuela 400:. He is known colloquially as 277:National Pantheon of Venezuela 243:Captaincy General of Venezuela 25:Simón Bolívar (disambiguation) 1: 16062:19th-century Colombian people 15539:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 13820:José María Pérez de Urdininea 12814:Juan Vicente Bolívar Palacios 12405:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12396:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12387:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12378:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12369:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12061:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 12035:, pp. 109–110, 119–120; 12025:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11892:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11872:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11572:Padgett, Tim (17 July 2010). 11405:Lopez, Jaime (17 July 2010). 11322:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11282:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11238:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11198:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11188:, pp. 427–430, 432, 435. 11174:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11144:, pp. 414–417, 424, 426. 11134:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11114:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11068:, pp. 237–238, 240–241; 11062:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11038:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11014:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10994:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10980:, pp. 229–230, 232–233; 10974:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10972:, pp. 437–438, 444–445; 10950:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10934:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10882:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10862:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10842:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10802:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10784:, pp. 213–215, 222–223; 10778:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10742:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10706:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10660:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10636:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10596:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10548:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10528:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10512:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10492:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10457:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10414:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10346:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10303:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10279:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10247:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10227:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10195:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10175:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10135:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10111:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10091:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10067:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10039:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10003:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9975:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9931:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9892:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9852:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9828:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9812:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9764:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9740:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9720:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9688:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9641:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9621:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9589:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9573:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9549:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9517:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9497:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9473:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9437:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9417:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9401:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9361:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9341:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9317:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9297:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9241:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9217:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9181:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9149:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9125:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9105:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9041:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9013:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8993:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8969:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8937:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8877:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8820:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8784:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8748:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8700:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8688:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8660:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8644:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8628:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8608:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8564:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8544:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8520:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8504:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8468:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8428:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8396:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8364:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8348:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8332:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8296:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8276:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8256:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8208:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8192:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8172:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8128:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8104:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8068:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8032:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8012:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7984:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7960:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7920:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7904:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7880:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7860:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7828:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7804:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7780:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7756:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7732:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7696:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7656:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7640:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7620:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7600:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7576:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7556:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7519:, pp. 100–104, 106–112; 7517:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7497:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7465:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7401:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7329:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7309:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7281:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7249:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7209:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7193:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7173:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7153:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7133:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7117:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7093:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7037:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7017:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6981:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6961:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6885:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6845:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6829:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6809:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6789:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6765:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6749:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6700:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6680:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6628:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6552:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6524:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6424:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6396:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6368:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6348:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6264:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6196:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6180:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6156:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6136:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6084:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6060:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6020:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6004:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5984:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5968:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5924:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5884:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5864:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5828:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5792:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5772:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5732:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5716:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5684:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5668:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5648:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5612:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5576:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5556:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5536:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5512:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5472:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5436:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5420:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5384:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5360:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5324:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5300:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5256:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5236:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5175:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5155:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5135:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5115:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5039:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5015:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4999:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4983:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4935:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4899:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4784:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4668:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4649:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4594:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4574:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4546:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4490:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4442:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4422:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4382:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4050: 2466:. In January 2008, President 2127:to manage political affairs. 1797: 1532:Battle of Aragua de Barcelona 1088:invaded the Iberian peninsula 1007:Political and military career 942:Simón Bolívar, 15 August 1805 482:Venezuelan republics and the 435:, who died in Venezuela from 368:July 1783 – 17 16077:19th-century Peruvian people 16057:19th-century Bolivian people 13528:Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas 13402:Francisco de Paula Santander 13379:Francisco de Paula Santander 13106:Bolívar, a Tropical Symphony 13071:The General in His Labyrinth 12961:Bolivian War of Independence 12956:Peruvian War of Independence 12863:Francisco de Paula Santander 12758:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte 12348:. Rowman & Littlefield. 12237:Brown, Matthew, ed. (2009). 12088:Biographies of Simón Bolívar 11076:, pp. 393–394, 396–403. 7527:, pp. 156–159, 163–164. 3818:Republic without republicans 3563:11 September 1922 Revolution 3558:Mongolian Revolution of 1921 1871:greater republic of Colombia 1487:Second Republic of Venezuela 1445:Francisco de Paula Santander 1233:Francisco Rodríguez del Toro 1092:replaced the rulers of Spain 959:, they traveled through the 550:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte 449:Spanish rule in the Americas 447:, where he swore to end the 34:, the first or paternal 7: 16107:Guerrilla warfare theorists 16047:Presidents of Gran Colombia 15726:Central American Parliament 13196:Birthplace of Simón Bolívar 13191:Karl Marx and Simón Bolívar 13018:Constitution of Peru (1826) 12571:Gómez Martínez, José Luis. 12532:Shanahan & Reyes (2017) 12509:University Press of Florida 12480:McFarlane, Anthony (2014). 12125:Langley, Lester D. (2009). 12102:Bolívar: American Liberator 11920:Grant, Will (5 July 2010). 4028: 3553:Turkish War of Independence 3475: 2473:Vice President of Venezuela 1926:basic rights for combatants 872:Fernando Rodríguez del Toro 709:run by Venezuelan educator 10: 16213: 16177:Venezuelan Roman Catholics 16172:Venezuelan revolutionaries 15721:Caribbean Development Bank 15716:Caribbean Court of Justice 15670:Central America-4 passport 15471:North American integration 15466:Latin American integration 13586:Manuel Antonio Sanclemente 13503:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13493:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13470:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13417:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13307:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez 4312:Collins English Dictionary 3608:1970 Cambodian coup d'état 3357:The Commonwealth of Oceana 2262: 2156:Francisco Burdett O'Connor 2021:by Marco Salas Yepes, 1960 1968:Free Province of Guayaquil 1909:. The delegates completed 1860:José María Barreiro Manjón 1453:Decree of War to the Death 1425:Manuel del Castillo y Rada 1325:Juan Domingo de Monteverde 1068:. After six months in the 1050:Charleston, South Carolina 1010: 734:Gual and España conspiracy 700:rudimentary primary school 529:national and cultural icon 411:Simón Bolívar was born in 52: 29: 18: 16072:19th-century male writers 15807: 15759: 15751:South American Parliament 15741:Latin American Parliament 15698: 15637: 15511: 15448: 15397: 14891: 14819: 14804: 14727:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 14688:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 14493:Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas 13793: 13789: 13566: 13485:United States of Colombia 13483: 13475:Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara 13445: 13392: 13351:Republic of Gran Colombia 13349: 13338: 13267: 13227: 13222:Links to related articles 13183: 13148: 13081: 13062: 13053: 13030: 13005: 12976: 12969: 12937:Liberation of New Granada 12919: 12844: 12745: 12739:Family and contemporaries 12738: 12689: 12680: 12670: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12313:10.2979/globalsouth.7.2.1 11807:, pp. 259–262, 276; 11481:Christian Science Monitor 11116:, pp. 277, 281–284; 10948:, pp. 435–436, 443; 10642:, pp. 195–196, 199; 10618:, pp. 195–196, 208; 10546:, pp. 378–379, 383; 10133:, pp. 331, 338–341; 10065:, pp. 328, 330–331; 10045:, pp. 171, 178–179; 8818:, pp. 235–237, 243; 8546:, pp. 153–154, 156; 7878:, pp. 184–185, 190; 4205:is pronounced as Spanish 3937: 3781:The Emperor's New Clothes 3533:5 October 1910 revolution 3528:French Revolution of 1848 2551:Liberty as non-domination 2096:, based in the region of 1986:led by Argentine general 1808:congress met in Angostura 1763:Third Battle of La Puerta 1451:, in which he issued the 1349:Esteban Fernández de León 1231:. The congress appointed 1155:British foreign secretary 738:Esteban Palacios y Blanco 685:Real Audiencia of Caracas 598:Feliciano Palacios y Sojo 453:Napoleon's Peninsular War 396:to independence from the 355: 343: 333: 305: 282: 272: 249: 225: 220: 216: 204: 192: 181: 173: 161: 149: 138: 130: 118: 106: 95: 87: 83: 78:Posthumous portrait, 1922 71: 64: 14753:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 14272:José Luis Tejada Sorzano 13696:Julio César Turbay Ayala 13626:Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez 13538:Julián Trujillo Largacha 13455:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez 13437:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez 13287:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez 13161:Simón Bolívar (Tadolini) 12613:New American Cyclopaedia 12457:Conn, Robert T. (2020). 12305:Indiana University Press 12178:Masur, Gerhard (1969) . 12131:Rowman & Littlefield 11739:, pp. 15–19, 25–27. 11292:, pp. 448, 450–454. 10984:, pp. 376–378, 388. 10960:, pp. 362, 372–373. 10428:, pp. 320, 326–328. 10372:, pp. 315, 317–318. 9798:, pp. 138–139, 168. 9483:, pp. 248, 253–254. 4236: 4190:[siˈmomboˈliβaɾ] 3892:Enlightenment philosophy 3623:1987 Fijian coups d'état 3583:1952 Egyptian revolution 2561:Political representation 1777:Gran Colombia: 1819–1830 1675:New Granadan Republican 1391:Manuel Rodríguez Torices 1124:Supreme Junta of Caracas 1040:resulting from the 1805 696:Spanish court of appeals 683:at the direction of the 662:Carlos Palacios y Blanco 429:Enlightenment philosophy 53:Not to be confused with 21:Bolívar (disambiguation) 16182:Venezuelan nationalists 16147:Presidents of Venezuela 15794:G3 Free Trade Agreement 15559:Contadora support group 13691:Alfonso López Michelsen 13686:Misael Pastrana Borrero 13676:Guillermo León Valencia 13606:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo 13601:Ramón González Valencia 13548:Francisco Javier Zaldúa 13447:Granadine Confederation 13407:José Ignacio de Márquez 13394:Republic of New Granada 13327:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez 13292:Luis de Ayala y Vergara 12582:Lacroix, Luis Perú de. 12269:Oxford University Press 11699:, pp. 78, 244–249. 3603:1969 Libyan coup d'état 3387:Discourse on Inequality 2536:Consent of the governed 2379:Daniel Florence O'Leary 2344:intervention in Bolivia 2165:Portrait of Bolívar by 1879:Real Audiencia of Quito 1669:José Francisco Bermúdez 1653:Juan Bautista Arismendi 1603:Portrait of Bolívar by 1395:Free State of Cartagena 1167:Anglo-Spanish relations 1117:in favor of a five-man 1074:Antonio Nicolás Briceño 486:. After Spanish forces 15524:Andean Community (CAN) 14951:Gutiérrez de la Fuente 13934:José Miguel de Velasco 13877:José Miguel de Velasco 13851:José Miguel de Velasco 13829:José Miguel de Velasco 13721:Andrés Pastrana Arango 13681:Carlos Lleras Restrepo 13671:Alberto Lleras Camargo 13651:Alfonso López Pumarejo 13646:Eduardo Santos Montejo 13641:Alfonso López Pumarejo 13412:Pedro Alcántara Herrán 13332:Fernando Serrano Uribe 13261:Presidents of Colombia 12907:Alexander von Humboldt 12803:Juana Bolívar Palacios 12638:Archivo del Libertador 12230:Works by Simón Bolívar 11679:, pp. 38–39, 47; 7499:, pp. 85–87, 97; 5224:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 5083:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 5071:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 4045:Crown of Simón Bolívar 4004:19th of April Movement 3947: 2417: 2400:as interim President. 2328:Pedro Alcántara Herrán 2315: 2293:José Prudencio Padilla 2265:Septembrine Conspiracy 2259:Final years: 1826–1830 2208:José Miguel Díaz Vélez 2204:Carlos María de Alvear 2170: 2070:José Bernardo de Tagle 2066:José de la Riva Agüero 2022: 1902:a liberal constitution 1803: 1608: 1507:– the horsemen of the 1478: 1292: 1185: 1100:Ferdinand VII of Spain 1029: 939: 918:Alexander von Humboldt 847: 770: 295:Venezuelan (1813–1819) 156:José Bernardo de Tagle 16192:Congress of Angostura 16142:Presidents of Bolivia 15820:Pan-American Congress 14662:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14506:Alfredo Ovando Candía 14467:Alfredo Ovando Candía 14441:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14415:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14389:Mamerto Urriolagoitía 14246:Carlos Blanco Galindo 14220:Felipe Segundo Guzmán 14194:José Gutiérrez Guerra 13899:Mariano Enrique Calvo 13811:Antonio José de Sucre 13783:Presidents of Bolivia 13706:Virgilio Barco Vargas 13666:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 13636:Enrique Olaya Herrera 13591:José Manuel Marroquín 13322:Antonio Villavicencio 13317:José Fernández Madrid 13302:Camilo Torres Tenorio 12970:Politics and ideology 12693:Antonio José de Sucre 12664:President of Colombia 12584:Diario de Bucaramanga 12161:Yale University Press 12155:Simón Bolívar: A Life 12027:, pp. 305, 308; 11860:Armillas-Tiseyra 2013 10820:, pp. 421, 426; 10760:, pp. 209, 211; 10396:, pp. 368, 370; 10041:, pp. 228, 230; 9898:, pp. 146, 168; 9794:, pp. 302, 319; 9279:, pp. 277, 280; 9243:, pp. 193, 195; 8542:, pp. 211, 213; 7003:, pp. 107, 112; 5486:, pp. 54, 57–58. 3942: 3771:Criticism of monarchy 3593:North Yemen civil war 3407:The Federalist Papers 2702:Federal parliamentary 2457:Antonio Guzmán Blanco 2411: 2336:Palacio de San Carlos 2312:Palacio de San Carlos 2309: 2164: 2094:Pedro Antonio Olañeta 2016: 1930:Santa Ana de Trujillo 1784: 1748:they defeated Morillo 1713:Antonio José de Sucre 1677:Francisco Antonio Zea 1602: 1469: 1373:. He and his uncles' 1272: 1217:Republic of Venezuela 1180: 1086:In 1807–08, Napoleon 1020: 931: 887:Emperor of the French 864:Louis Peru de Lacroix 841: 765: 536:Early life and family 298:Colombian (from 1819) 245:, Spanish Empire 211:Antonio José de Sucre 90:President of Colombia 15685:Interoceanic Highway 14597:Lidia Gueiler Tejada 14337:Gualberto Villarroel 14233:Hernando Siles Reyes 13947:Manuel Isidoro Belzu 13864:Andrés de Santa Cruz 13656:Mariano Ospina Pérez 13631:Miguel Abadía Méndez 13568:Republic of Colombia 13553:José Eusebio Otalora 13082:Films and television 12899:Marquis de Lafayette 12855:Francisco de Miranda 12683:President of Bolivia 12645:, from 1799 to 1830. 12577:Cuadernos Americanos 12186:(Revised ed.). 12108:Simon & Schuster 12031:, pp. 299–304; 12007:, pp. 281–283; 11995:, pp. 455, 458. 11894:, pp. 303–304; 11811:, pp. 447, 450. 11695:, pp. 181–182; 11659:, pp. 412–414; 11328:, pp. 300–301; 11324:, pp. 295–301; 11288:, pp. 275–278; 11284:, pp. 290–291; 11280:, pp. 485–487; 11260:, pp. 483–484; 11248:, pp. 440, 449. 11244:, pp. 274–275; 11236:, pp. 481–482; 11200:, pp. 272–273; 11180:, pp. 270–272; 11176:, pp. 287–289; 11172:, pp. 472–476; 11140:, pp. 262–266; 11136:, pp. 286–287; 11120:, pp. 253–259; 11112:, pp. 460–464; 11092:, pp. 241–242; 11088:, pp. 456–458; 11072:, pp. 102–103; 11064:, pp. 276–280; 11060:, pp. 451–456; 11020:, pp. 233–236; 11016:, pp. 275–276; 11012:, pp. 445–447; 10976:, pp. 273–274; 10912:, pp. 227–228; 10908:, pp. 433–435; 10888:, pp. 225–226; 10880:, pp. 430–431; 10848:, pp. 218–219; 10844:, pp. 268–269; 10840:, pp. 427–428; 10780:, pp. 265–267; 10728:, pp. 348, 350. 10708:, pp. 261–262; 10704:, pp. 391–392; 10658:, pp. 388–390; 10634:, pp. 386–388; 10602:, pp. 194–195; 10598:, pp. 256–257; 10594:, pp. 381–382; 10554:, pp. 194–195; 10550:, pp. 252–256; 10420:, pp. 191–193; 10416:, pp. 247–250; 10412:, pp. 372–375; 10368:, pp. 186–187; 10364:, pp. 364–366; 10305:, pp. 243–244; 10281:, pp. 243–244; 10249:, pp. 242–243; 10245:, pp. 354–356; 10201:, pp. 305, 308. 10181:, pp. 175–176; 10177:, pp. 240–241; 10173:, pp. 343–345; 10141:, pp. 173–175; 10137:, pp. 235–237; 10073:, pp. 171–172; 10021:, pp. 170–171; 10001:, pp. 325–326; 9977:, pp. 226–227; 9929:, pp. 323–325; 9854:, pp. 224–225; 9830:, pp. 213–215; 9762:, pp. 313–314; 9746:, pp. 145–146; 9738:, pp. 308–310; 9706:, pp. 141–142; 9647:, pp. 139–140; 9643:, pp. 218–220; 9639:, pp. 304–307; 9587:, pp. 302–303; 9519:, pp. 209–210; 9479:, pp. 136–137; 9475:, pp. 204–209; 9471:, pp. 292–297; 9435:, pp. 291–292; 9423:, pp. 134, 136. 9419:, pp. 201–202; 9403:, pp. 200–201; 9343:, pp. 197–198; 9323:, pp. 132–133; 9319:, pp. 196–197; 9315:, pp. 282–283; 9227:, pp. 235, 237. 9187:, pp. 128–130; 9183:, pp. 188–193; 9179:, pp. 268–273; 8971:, pp. 180–181; 8967:, pp. 255–258; 8903:, pp. 120–122; 8899:, pp. 246–253; 8826:, pp. 116–117; 8822:, pp. 174–180; 8782:, pp. 234–235; 8750:, pp. 171–172; 8746:, pp. 231–232; 8730:, pp. 113–114; 8610:, pp. 158–160; 8606:, pp. 217–218; 8562:, pp. 213–214; 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Two days later, 2316: 2310:The window of the 2235:a modified version 2171: 2167:José Gil de Castro 2133:Battle of Ayacucho 2023: 1988:José de San Martín 1952:Battle of Carabobo 1941:Miguel de la Torre 1812:British government 1804: 1740:San Juan de Payara 1693:Battle of Clarines 1609: 1582:besieged Cartagena 1479: 1449:Admirable Campaign 1321:divine retribution 1186: 1094:with his brother, 1030: 933:I swear before you 906:Vicente Rocafuerte 902:Carlos de Montúfar 848: 771: 769:of Bolívar in 1800 767:Miniature portrait 199:Office established 55:Simone de Beauvoir 15834: 15833: 15828: 15827: 15711:Bank of the South 15706:Andean Parliament 15408: 15407: 14926:Bernardo de Tagle 14911:Bernardo de Tagle 14847: 14846: 14815: 14814: 14324:Enrique Peñaranda 14207:Bautista Saavedra 14168:Eliodoro Villazón 14142:José Manuel Pando 13999:Mariano Melgarejo 13842:Pedro Blanco Soto 13749: 13748: 13427:José María Obando 13214: 13213: 13201:Quinta de Bolívar 13179: 13178: 13026: 13025: 12996:Angostura Address 12915: 12914: 12867:José Antonio Páez 12699: 12698: 12690:Succeeded by 12671:Succeeded by 12608:"Bolívar y Ponte" 12599:978-0-901145-54-3 12567:978-0-19-508402-3 12548:Bushnell, David. 12518:978-0-8130-5449-0 12495:978-1-85728-783-7 12472:978-3-030-26217-4 12398:, pp. 75–98. 12389:, pp. 55–72. 12380:, pp. 35–54. 12371:, pp. 13–34. 12355:978-0-7425-5619-5 12288:General reference 12278:978-0-19-514480-2 12252:978-1-84467-381-0 12220:978-1-58544-239-3 12197:978-0-8263-0131-4 12170:978-0-300-12604-4 12140:978-0-7425-6655-2 12117:978-1-4391-1020-1 12073:Gómez Pernia 2017 11767:, pp. 38–40. 11683:, pp. 57–58. 11647:, pp. 58–59. 11635:, pp. 28–38. 10121:, pp. 81–82. 9989:, pp. 28–88. 7407:, pp. 76–78. 7375:, pp. 77–78. 6618:, pp. 91–92. 6442:, pp. 88–91. 6338:, pp. 87–88. 6206:, pp. 96–97. 6186:, pp. 53–54. 6110:, pp. 93–94. 6090:, pp. 52–53. 6070:, pp. 88–90. 6034:, pp. 87–88. 5930:, pp. 84–86. 5894:, pp. 83–84. 5874:, pp. 82–83. 5834:, pp. 46–47. 5818:, pp. 79–80. 5782:, pp. 77–78. 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Méndez 993:Germaine de Staël 885:to be proclaimed 544:, capital of the 359: 358: 133:President of Peru 16204: 16017: 16009: 16008: 16007: 16000: 15992: 15991: 15990: 15983: 15975: 15974: 15973: 15963: 15947: 15946: 15945: 15935: 15934: 15933: 15923: 15922: 15921: 15911: 15910: 15909: 15899: 15898: 15897: 15887: 15886: 15885: 15875: 15874: 15873: 15863: 15862: 15861: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15842: 15761:Free trade areas 15650:CARICOM passport 15604:Pacific Alliance 15435: 15428: 15421: 15412: 15411: 15403: 15326:Morales-Bermúdez 15171:Morales Bermúdez 14874: 14867: 14860: 14851: 14850: 14837: 14836: 14827: 14826: 14810: 14790: 14777: 14764: 14751: 14738: 14725: 14712: 14699: 14686: 14675:Jaime Paz Zamora 14673: 14660: 14647: 14634: 14621: 14610:Luis García Meza 14608: 14595: 14582: 14569: 14556: 14543: 14530: 14519:Juan José Torres 14517: 14504: 14491: 14478: 14465: 14452: 14439: 14426: 14413: 14400: 14387: 14374: 14361: 14348: 14335: 14322: 14309: 14296: 14283: 14270: 14259:Daniel Salamanca 14257: 14244: 14231: 14218: 14205: 14192: 14179: 14166: 14153: 14140: 14129:Severo Fernández 14127: 14116:Mariano Baptista 14114: 14101: 14090:Gregorio Pacheco 14088: 14075: 14062: 14049: 14038:Adolfo Ballivián 14036: 14023: 14010: 13997: 13984: 13971: 13958: 13945: 13932: 13921:Eusebio Guilarte 13919: 13906: 13897: 13890:Sebastián Ágreda 13888: 13875: 13862: 13849: 13840: 13827: 13818: 13809: 13800: 13791: 13790: 13776: 13769: 13762: 13753: 13752: 13518:Eustorgio Salgar 13513:Santos Gutiérrez 13369:Joaquín Mosquera 13344: 13254: 13247: 13240: 13231: 13230: 13218: 13217: 13141:(2019 TV series) 13122:Bolívar el héroe 13060: 13059: 12977:Bolivarian canon 12974: 12973: 12941:Battle of Boyacá 12921:Battles and wars 12837: 12829:Hipólita Bolívar 12822: 12811: 12800: 12777: 12766: 12743: 12742: 12725: 12718: 12711: 12702: 12701: 12649: 12648: 12623:18#3 (Feb 2020) 12535: 12522: 12499: 12476: 12453: 12451: 12449: 12408: 12399: 12390: 12381: 12372: 12359: 12340: 12297:The Global South 12282: 12256: 12224: 12201: 12185: 12174: 12158: 12144: 12121: 12105: 12076: 12070: 12064: 12058: 12052: 12046: 12040: 12022: 12016: 12002: 11996: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11981: 11979: 11960: 11954: 11948: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11917: 11911: 11905: 11899: 11889: 11883: 11874:, pp. 3–8; 11869: 11863: 11857: 11851: 11845: 11839: 11833: 11827: 11821: 11812: 11798: 11792: 11786: 11780: 11774: 11768: 11758: 11752: 11746: 11740: 11734: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11706: 11700: 11690: 11684: 11670: 11664: 11654: 11648: 11642: 11636: 11630: 11624: 11618: 11612: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11569: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11558: 11549:. Archived from 11536: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11525: 11516:. 26 July 2011. 11504: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11471: 11465: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11438: 11429: 11428: 11426: 11424: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11386:on 30 March 2012 11372: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11361: 11339: 11333: 11319: 11313: 11299: 11293: 11275: 11269: 11255: 11249: 11231: 11225: 11215: 11209: 11195: 11189: 11167: 11161: 11151: 11145: 11131: 11125: 11107: 11101: 11083: 11077: 11055: 11049: 11035: 11029: 11007: 11001: 10991: 10985: 10967: 10961: 10943: 10937: 10927: 10921: 10903: 10897: 10875: 10869: 10859: 10853: 10835: 10829: 10815: 10809: 10795: 10789: 10771: 10765: 10751: 10745: 10735: 10729: 10719: 10713: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10673: 10667: 10653: 10647: 10629: 10623: 10613: 10607: 10589: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10565: 10559: 10541: 10535: 10525: 10519: 10509: 10503: 10485: 10476: 10466: 10460: 10450: 10444: 10438: 10429: 10407: 10401: 10391: 10385: 10379: 10373: 10359: 10353: 10339: 10333: 10327: 10318: 10300: 10294: 10276: 10270: 10260: 10254: 10240: 10234: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10192: 10186: 10168: 10162: 10156: 10150: 10128: 10122: 10104: 10098: 10084: 10078: 10060: 10054: 10032: 10026: 10012: 10006: 9996: 9990: 9968: 9962: 9948: 9942: 9924: 9918: 9912: 9903: 9885: 9879: 9869: 9863: 9845: 9839: 9825: 9819: 9805: 9799: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9757: 9751: 9733: 9727: 9717: 9711: 9701: 9695: 9685: 9679: 9673: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9634: 9628: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9582: 9576: 9566: 9560: 9546: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9510: 9504: 9490: 9484: 9466: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9430: 9424: 9414: 9408: 9394: 9388: 9378: 9372: 9354: 9348: 9334: 9328: 9310: 9304: 9294: 9288: 9274: 9268: 9254: 9248: 9234: 9228: 9214: 9208: 9202: 9196: 9174: 9168: 9158: 9152: 9142: 9136: 9118: 9112: 9102: 9096: 9086: 9080: 9074: 9068: 9054: 9048: 9038: 9032: 9026: 9020: 9010: 9004: 8986: 8980: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8930: 8924: 8914: 8908: 8894: 8888: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8847: 8837: 8831: 8813: 8807: 8801: 8795: 8777: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8741: 8735: 8725: 8719: 8713: 8707: 8697: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8653: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8621: 8615: 8601: 8595: 8581: 8575: 8557: 8551: 8537: 8531: 8513: 8507: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8461: 8455: 8445: 8439: 8425: 8419: 8409: 8403: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8361: 8355: 8345: 8339: 8325: 8319: 8309: 8303: 8293: 8287: 8269: 8263: 8253: 8247: 8233: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8201: 8195: 8185: 8179: 8169: 8163: 8149: 8143: 8121: 8115: 8101: 8095: 8081: 8075: 8061: 8055: 8049: 8043: 8025: 8019: 8005: 7999: 7977: 7971: 7957: 7951: 7937: 7931: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7873: 7867: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7821: 7815: 7797: 7791: 7777: 7771: 7749: 7743: 7729: 7723: 7709: 7703: 7689: 7683: 7673: 7667: 7653: 7647: 7637: 7631: 7613: 7607: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7549: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7514: 7508: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7462: 7456: 7446: 7440: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7322: 7316: 7306: 7300: 7294: 7288: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7242: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7166: 7160: 7146: 7140: 7130: 7124: 7110: 7104: 7086: 7080: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7030: 7024: 7014: 7008: 6998: 6992: 6978: 6972: 6954: 6948: 6938: 6932: 6922: 6916: 6902: 6896: 6878: 6872: 6862: 6856: 6842: 6836: 6822: 6816: 6802: 6796: 6782: 6776: 6762: 6756: 6746: 6740: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6585: 6579: 6569: 6563: 6545: 6539: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6489: 6483: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6417: 6411: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6361: 6355: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6317: 6311: 6301: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6193: 6187: 6173: 6167: 6153: 6147: 6133: 6127: 6117: 6111: 6097: 6091: 6077: 6071: 6057: 6051: 6041: 6035: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5981: 5975: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5937: 5931: 5917: 5911: 5901: 5895: 5881: 5875: 5861: 5855: 5841: 5835: 5825: 5819: 5809: 5803: 5789: 5783: 5765: 5759: 5749: 5743: 5729: 5723: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5681: 5675: 5665: 5659: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5609: 5603: 5593: 5587: 5569: 5563: 5553: 5547: 5529: 5523: 5509: 5503: 5493: 5487: 5465: 5459: 5449: 5443: 5433: 5427: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5377: 5371: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5317: 5311: 5297: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5269: 5263: 5249: 5243: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5182: 5168: 5162: 5148: 5142: 5128: 5122: 5112: 5106: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5032: 5026: 5012: 5006: 4996: 4990: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4948: 4942: 4932: 4926: 4916: 4910: 4892: 4886: 4872: 4866: 4852: 4843: 4833: 4827: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4777: 4771: 4761: 4755: 4741: 4735: 4721: 4715: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4656: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4621: 4607: 4601: 4591: 4585: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4523: 4517: 4507: 4501: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4455: 4449: 4435: 4429: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4355:. Archived from 4343:"Bolívar, Simón" 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4319:. Archived from 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4255:Congress of Peru 4247: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4208:[siˈmon] 4201:. In isolation, 4200: 4199: 4198: 4192: 4187: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4114: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4023:Bogotá residence 4020: 3954: 3950:Robert T. Conn, 3886:, and formed by 3872: 3865: 3858: 3844: 3843: 3828:Republican Party 3806:Peasant republic 3766:Communitarianism 3483:Classical Athens 3478: 3452: 3442: 3432: 3422: 3412: 3402: 3392: 3382: 3372: 3362: 3352: 3342: 3332: 3322: 2556:Mixed government 2490: 2489: 2486:Personal beliefs 2446: 2404:Death and burial 2395: 2375:House of Bourbon 2364:Battle of Tarqui 2360:Juan José Flores 2232: 2216:Empire of Brazil 2194:, named Bolívar 2176:Joseph Lancaster 2145: 2110: 2078:José de la Serna 2054: 2043:José de Canterac 2009: 1966:; Quito and the 1938: 1919: 1899: 1864:Battle of Boyacá 1825: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1771: 1756: 1717:leave of absence 1637:Alexandre Pétion 1605:Arturo Michelena 1590: 1567: 1536:Margarita Island 1513:José Tomás Boves 1403: 1379:José Félix Ribas 1368: 1357: 1310: 1305: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1267: 1252: 1241: 1144: 1134:with the lawyer 1082: 1054:Washington, D.C. 991:, French writer 943: 936: 899: 880: 804:Puerta de Toledo 787:. He arrived in 759:, Manuel Mallo. 746: 731: 708: 693: 681:Miguel José Sanz 670: 658: 643: 632: 621: 606: 569: 558: 500:Alexandre Pétion 371: 367: 351: 334:Domestic partner 327: 325: 268: 256: 253:17 December 1830 235: 233: 221:Personal details 207: 195: 186: 164: 152: 143: 121: 109: 100: 76: 62: 61: 16212: 16211: 16207: 16206: 16205: 16203: 16202: 16201: 16022: 16021: 16020: 16016:from Wikisource 16010: 16005: 16003: 15993: 15988: 15986: 15976: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15962:sister projects 15959:at Knowledge's 15953: 15943: 15941: 15931: 15929: 15919: 15917: 15907: 15905: 15895: 15893: 15883: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15859: 15857: 15847: 15845: 15837: 15835: 15830: 15829: 15824: 15803: 15755: 15694: 15645:Andean passport 15633: 15579:Lima Group (LG) 15554:Contadora group 15507: 15444: 15442:Pan-Americanism 15439: 15409: 15404: 15395: 15301:Prado Ugarteche 15276:Prado Ugarteche 15231:Pardo y Barreda 15211:Pardo y Barreda 15141:García Calderón 15116:F. Diez Canseco 15101:P. Diez Canseco 15091:P. Diez Canseco 15071:P. Diez Canseco 14887: 14878: 14848: 14843: 14811: 14802: 14801: 14788: 14775: 14762: 14749: 14736: 14723: 14710: 14697: 14684: 14671: 14658: 14645: 14632: 14619: 14606: 14593: 14584:Alberto Natusch 14580: 14567: 14554: 14541: 14528: 14515: 14502: 14489: 14480:René Barrientos 14476: 14463: 14454:René Barrientos 14450: 14437: 14424: 14411: 14398: 14385: 14376:Enrique Hertzog 14372: 14359: 14346: 14333: 14320: 14307: 14294: 14281: 14268: 14255: 14242: 14229: 14216: 14203: 14190: 14177: 14164: 14151: 14138: 14125: 14112: 14099: 14086: 14077:Narciso Campero 14073: 14060: 14047: 14034: 14021: 14012:Agustín Morales 14008: 13995: 13982: 13969: 13956: 13943: 13930: 13917: 13904: 13895: 13886: 13873: 13860: 13847: 13838: 13825: 13816: 13807: 13798: 13785: 13780: 13750: 13745: 13562: 13479: 13460:Bartolomé Calvo 13441: 13432:José María Melo 13388: 13384:Domingo Caycedo 13374:Rafael Urdaneta 13345: 13336: 13312:Joaquin Camacho 13277:José Miguel Pey 13263: 13258: 13223: 13215: 13210: 13175: 13144: 13077: 13049: 13022: 13001: 12965: 12911: 12880:North American: 12875:Simón Rodríguez 12852:Latin American: 12840: 12831: 12816: 12805: 12794: 12771: 12760: 12734: 12729: 12695: 12686: 12676: 12674:Domingo Caycedo 12667: 12633: 12621:History Compass 12545: 12543:Further reading 12540: 12519: 12496: 12473: 12447: 12445: 12356: 12290: 12285: 12279: 12261:Bushnell, David 12253: 12232: 12227: 12221: 12198: 12171: 12141: 12118: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12079: 12071: 12067: 12059: 12055: 12047: 12043: 12023: 12019: 12003: 11999: 11991: 11987: 11977: 11975: 11962: 11961: 11957: 11949: 11945: 11935: 11933: 11918: 11914: 11906: 11902: 11890: 11886: 11882:, pp. 4–6. 11870: 11866: 11858: 11854: 11846: 11842: 11834: 11830: 11822: 11815: 11803:, p. 484; 11799: 11795: 11787: 11783: 11775: 11771: 11759: 11755: 11747: 11743: 11735: 11731: 11723: 11719: 11707: 11703: 11691: 11687: 11671: 11667: 11655: 11651: 11643: 11639: 11631: 11627: 11619: 11615: 11603: 11599: 11589: 11587: 11570: 11566: 11556: 11554: 11553:on 2 April 2023 11537: 11533: 11523: 11521: 11506: 11505: 11501: 11491: 11489: 11472: 11468: 11458: 11456: 11439: 11432: 11422: 11420: 11403: 11399: 11389: 11387: 11374: 11373: 11369: 11359: 11357: 11340: 11336: 11320: 11316: 11308:, p. 278; 11304:, p. 487; 11300: 11296: 11276: 11272: 11264:, p. 275; 11256: 11252: 11240:, p. 290; 11232: 11228: 11220:, p. 274; 11216: 11212: 11204:, p. 273; 11196: 11192: 11184:, p. 105; 11168: 11164: 11156:, p. 267; 11152: 11148: 11132: 11128: 11108: 11104: 11096:, p. 103; 11084: 11080: 11056: 11052: 11044:, p. 237; 11040:, p. 276; 11036: 11032: 11024:, p. 102; 11008: 11004: 10996:, p. 274; 10992: 10988: 10968: 10964: 10956:, p. 228; 10952:, p. 272; 10944: 10940: 10932:, p. 436; 10928: 10924: 10904: 10900: 10884:, p. 270; 10876: 10872: 10864:, p. 270; 10860: 10856: 10836: 10832: 10824:, p. 218; 10816: 10812: 10804:, p. 268; 10800:, p. 426; 10796: 10792: 10772: 10768: 10756:, p. 406; 10752: 10748: 10740:, p. 394; 10736: 10732: 10724:, p. 201; 10720: 10716: 10700: 10696: 10686: 10684: 10675: 10674: 10670: 10662:, p. 257; 10654: 10650: 10638:, p. 257; 10630: 10626: 10614: 10610: 10590: 10586: 10578: 10574: 10566: 10562: 10542: 10538: 10530:, p. 252; 10526: 10522: 10514:, p. 252; 10510: 10506: 10498:, p. 193; 10494:, p. 251; 10490:, p. 376; 10486: 10479: 10471:, p. 376; 10467: 10463: 10455:, p. 375; 10451: 10447: 10439: 10432: 10408: 10404: 10392: 10388: 10380: 10376: 10360: 10356: 10348:, p. 244; 10344:, p. 362; 10340: 10336: 10328: 10321: 10309:, p. 185; 10301: 10297: 10285:, p. 185; 10277: 10273: 10265:, p. 356; 10261: 10257: 10241: 10237: 10229:, p. 241; 10225:, p. 353; 10221: 10217: 10209: 10205: 10197:, p. 243; 10193: 10189: 10169: 10165: 10157: 10153: 10129: 10125: 10117:, p. 172; 10113:, p. 235; 10109:, p. 331; 10105: 10101: 10093:, p. 235; 10089:, p. 331; 10085: 10081: 10069:, p. 234; 10061: 10057: 10037:, p. 327; 10033: 10029: 10017:, p. 327; 10013: 10009: 9997: 9993: 9981:, p. 170; 9973:, p. 325; 9969: 9965: 9957:, p. 168; 9953:, p. 320; 9949: 9945: 9937:, p. 169; 9933:, p. 226; 9925: 9921: 9913: 9906: 9894:, p. 221; 9890:, p. 321; 9886: 9882: 9874:, p. 312; 9870: 9866: 9858:, p. 167; 9850:, p. 317; 9846: 9842: 9826: 9822: 9814:, p. 222; 9810:, p. 317; 9806: 9802: 9790: 9786: 9778: 9774: 9766:, p. 224; 9758: 9754: 9742:, p. 221; 9734: 9730: 9722:, p. 221; 9718: 9714: 9702: 9698: 9690:, p. 221; 9686: 9682: 9674: 9667: 9659: 9655: 9635: 9631: 9623:, p. 218; 9619:, p. 304; 9615: 9611: 9603: 9599: 9591:, p. 216; 9583: 9579: 9571:, p. 303; 9567: 9563: 9555:, p. 138; 9551:, p. 211; 9547: 9543: 9535: 9531: 9523:, p. 137; 9515:, p. 297; 9511: 9507: 9499:, p. 209; 9495:, p. 297; 9491: 9487: 9467: 9463: 9455: 9451: 9443:, p. 136; 9439:, p. 204; 9431: 9427: 9415: 9411: 9399:, p. 290; 9395: 9391: 9383:, p. 290; 9379: 9375: 9367:, p. 134; 9363:, p. 198; 9359:, p. 284; 9355: 9351: 9339:, p. 283; 9335: 9331: 9311: 9307: 9299:, p. 195; 9295: 9291: 9283:, p. 131; 9275: 9271: 9263:, p. 130; 9259:, p. 280; 9255: 9251: 9239:, p. 276; 9235: 9231: 9223:, p. 130; 9219:, p. 193; 9215: 9211: 9203: 9199: 9175: 9171: 9163:, p. 128; 9159: 9155: 9147:, p. 166; 9143: 9139: 9131:, p. 128; 9127:, p. 184; 9123:, p. 264; 9119: 9115: 9107:, p. 184; 9103: 9099: 9091:, p. 127; 9087: 9083: 9075: 9071: 9059:, p. 127; 9055: 9051: 9043:, p. 183; 9039: 9035: 9027: 9023: 9015:, p. 176; 9011: 9007: 8999:, p. 127; 8995:, p. 183; 8991:, p. 263; 8987: 8983: 8975:, p. 126; 8963: 8959: 8951: 8947: 8939:, p. 180; 8935:, p. 254; 8931: 8927: 8919:, p. 246; 8915: 8911: 8895: 8891: 8883:, p. 119; 8879:, p. 180; 8875:, p. 245; 8871: 8867: 8859: 8850: 8842:, p. 244; 8838: 8834: 8814: 8810: 8802: 8798: 8790:, p. 116; 8786:, p. 173; 8778: 8774: 8766: 8762: 8754:, p. 115; 8742: 8738: 8726: 8722: 8714: 8710: 8702:, p. 163; 8698: 8694: 8686: 8682: 8674: 8670: 8662:, p. 157; 8658:, p. 215; 8654: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8630:, p. 160; 8626:, p. 220; 8622: 8618: 8602: 8598: 8590:, p. 106; 8586:, p. 217; 8582: 8578: 8570:, p. 104; 8566:, p. 156; 8558: 8554: 8538: 8534: 8522:, p. 155; 8518:, p. 211; 8514: 8510: 8502:, p. 210; 8498: 8494: 8486: 8482: 8470:, p. 153; 8462: 8458: 8450:, p. 210; 8446: 8442: 8434:, p. 102; 8430:, p. 153; 8426: 8422: 8410: 8406: 8398:, p. 152; 8394: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370:, p. 102; 8362: 8358: 8346: 8342: 8330:, p. 203; 8326: 8322: 8314:, p. 203; 8310: 8306: 8298:, p. 146; 8294: 8290: 8282:, p. 101; 8278:, p. 146; 8274:, p. 203; 8270: 8266: 8254: 8250: 8242:, p. 101; 8238:, p. 202; 8234: 8230: 8222: 8218: 8202: 8198: 8190:, p. 197; 8186: 8182: 8174:, p. 142; 8170: 8166: 8154:, p. 197; 8150: 8146: 8134:, p. 100; 8122: 8118: 8110:, p. 100; 8102: 8098: 8090:, p. 100; 8086:, p. 195; 8082: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8050: 8046: 8034:, p. 130; 8030:, p. 193; 8026: 8022: 8014:, p. 130; 8006: 8002: 7986:, p. 130; 7982:, p. 192; 7978: 7974: 7962:, p. 129; 7958: 7954: 7942:, p. 191; 7938: 7934: 7922:, p. 129; 7918:, p. 183; 7914: 7910: 7902: 7898: 7874: 7870: 7862:, p. 116; 7858: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7830:, p. 115; 7822: 7818: 7806:, p. 114; 7798: 7794: 7782:, p. 114; 7778: 7774: 7750: 7746: 7730: 7726: 7714:, p. 167; 7710: 7706: 7690: 7686: 7678:, p. 163; 7674: 7670: 7658:, p. 109; 7654: 7650: 7638: 7634: 7622:, p. 108; 7614: 7610: 7602:, p. 108; 7598: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7574: 7570: 7558:, p. 106; 7554:, p. 161; 7550: 7543: 7535: 7531: 7515: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7483: 7479: 7463: 7459: 7451:, p. 135; 7447: 7443: 7431:, p. 140; 7427: 7423: 7415: 7411: 7395: 7391: 7383: 7379: 7371: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7347: 7343: 7323: 7319: 7307: 7303: 7295: 7291: 7279: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7247:, p. 129; 7243: 7239: 7231: 7227: 7207:, p. 124; 7203: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7167: 7163: 7151:, p. 119; 7147: 7143: 7131: 7127: 7111: 7107: 7087: 7083: 7071:, p. 116; 7067: 7063: 7055: 7051: 7031: 7027: 7015: 7011: 6999: 6995: 6979: 6975: 6955: 6951: 6943:, p. 105; 6939: 6935: 6927:, p. 105; 6923: 6919: 6903: 6899: 6879: 6875: 6863: 6859: 6843: 6839: 6827:, p. 103; 6823: 6819: 6807:, p. 101; 6803: 6799: 6787:, p. 100; 6783: 6779: 6763: 6759: 6747: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6706: 6698: 6694: 6674: 6670: 6662: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6602: 6598: 6586: 6582: 6570: 6566: 6546: 6542: 6518: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6490: 6486: 6474: 6470: 6462: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6438: 6434: 6418: 6414: 6390: 6386: 6378: 6374: 6362: 6358: 6346: 6342: 6334: 6330: 6318: 6314: 6302: 6298: 6290: 6286: 6274: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6250: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6194: 6190: 6174: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6134: 6130: 6118: 6114: 6098: 6094: 6078: 6074: 6058: 6054: 6042: 6038: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5982: 5978: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5938: 5934: 5918: 5914: 5902: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5862: 5858: 5842: 5838: 5826: 5822: 5810: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5766: 5762: 5750: 5746: 5730: 5726: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5666: 5662: 5642: 5638: 5630: 5626: 5610: 5606: 5594: 5590: 5570: 5566: 5554: 5550: 5530: 5526: 5510: 5506: 5498:, p. 114; 5494: 5490: 5466: 5462: 5450: 5446: 5434: 5430: 5418: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5378: 5374: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5318: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5286: 5282: 5270: 5266: 5250: 5246: 5234: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5185: 5169: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5129: 5125: 5113: 5109: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5033: 5029: 5013: 5009: 4997: 4993: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4933: 4929: 4917: 4913: 4893: 4889: 4873: 4869: 4853: 4846: 4834: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4798: 4778: 4774: 4762: 4758: 4742: 4738: 4722: 4718: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4624: 4608: 4604: 4592: 4588: 4568: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4524: 4520: 4508: 4504: 4496:, p. xix; 4492:, p. 311; 4488: 4484: 4476: 4472: 4456: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4428:, pp. 8–9. 4416: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4396:, pp. 6–8. 4384:, p. 311; 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4194: 4193: 4185: 4178: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4131: 4128: 4116: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4031: 4014: 3956: 3949: 3940: 3924:Catholic Church 3904:Baron d'Holbach 3876: 3838: 3833: 3832: 3751: 3743: 3742: 3646: 3638: 3637: 3523:Trienio Liberal 3464: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3440: 3430: 3420: 3410: 3400: 3390: 3380: 3370: 3360: 3350: 3340: 3330: 3320: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3038:Flynn (Stephen) 2923: 2915: 2914: 2755: 2747: 2746: 2672: 2664: 2663: 2619: 2611: 2610: 2606:Social equality 2601:Social contract 2591:Self-governance 2546:Democratization 2521:Anti-corruption 2516:Anti-monarchism 2511: 2495:Politics series 2488: 2440: 2406: 2398:Domingo Caycedo 2389: 2267: 2261: 2226: 2139: 2117:Battle of Junín 2104: 2074:Viceroy of Peru 2048: 2003: 1997:Pyrrhic victory 1992:liberated Chile 1964:Pasto, Colombia 1960: 1932: 1913: 1893: 1819: 1800: 1789: 1779: 1765: 1750: 1709:Rafael Urdaneta 1597: 1584: 1561: 1517:Battle of Urica 1499:Santiago Mariño 1472:Santiago Mariño 1410:Magdalena River 1397: 1362: 1351: 1345: 1312: 1299: 1294: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1261: 1246: 1244:Marquis of Toro 1235: 1175: 1138: 1119:regency council 1108:Vicente Emparán 1076: 1015: 1009: 955:. Beginning in 945: 941: 934: 926:Spanish America 893: 874: 836: 779:at the port of 740: 725: 711:Simón Rodríguez 702: 687: 677: 664: 652: 637: 626: 615: 609:legal guardians 600: 563: 552: 538: 474:forces for the 369: 365: 329: 321: 317: 314: 301: 266: 258: 254: 237: 231: 229: 205: 193: 187: 182: 162: 150: 144: 139: 125:Domingo Caycedo 119: 107: 101: 96: 79: 67: 58: 51: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16210: 16200: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16099: 16097:Bolívar family 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16074: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16044: 16039: 16034: 16019: 16018: 16001: 15999:from Wikiquote 15984: 15955: 15952: 15951: 15939: 15927: 15915: 15903: 15891: 15879: 15867: 15855: 15832: 15831: 15826: 15825: 15823: 15822: 15817: 15811: 15809: 15805: 15804: 15802: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15765: 15763: 15757: 15756: 15754: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15702: 15700: 15696: 15695: 15693: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15641: 15639: 15635: 15634: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15515: 15513: 15509: 15508: 15506: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15452: 15450: 15446: 15445: 15438: 15437: 15430: 15423: 15415: 15406: 15405: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15331:Belaúnde Terry 15328: 15323: 15318: 15316:Belaúnde Terry 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15261:Samanez Ocampo 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14892: 14889: 14888: 14877: 14876: 14869: 14862: 14854: 14845: 14844: 14842: 14841: 14831: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14813: 14812: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14799: 14786: 14773: 14760: 14747: 14734: 14721: 14708: 14695: 14682: 14669: 14656: 14643: 14630: 14623:Celso Torrelio 14617: 14604: 14591: 14578: 14571:Wálter Guevara 14565: 14552: 14539: 14526: 14513: 14500: 14487: 14474: 14461: 14448: 14435: 14422: 14409: 14402:Hugo Ballivián 14396: 14383: 14370: 14357: 14350:Néstor Guillén 14344: 14331: 14318: 14305: 14292: 14279: 14266: 14253: 14240: 14227: 14214: 14201: 14188: 14175: 14162: 14149: 14136: 14123: 14110: 14097: 14084: 14071: 14058: 14045: 14032: 14019: 14006: 13993: 13980: 13967: 13954: 13941: 13928: 13915: 13908:José Ballivián 13902: 13893: 13884: 13871: 13858: 13845: 13836: 13823: 13814: 13805: 13795: 13794: 13787: 13786: 13779: 13778: 13771: 13764: 13756: 13747: 13746: 13744: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13716:Ernesto Samper 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13661:Laureano Gómez 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13572: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13489: 13487: 13481: 13480: 13478: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13451: 13449: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13398: 13396: 13390: 13389: 13387: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13355: 13353: 13347: 13346: 13339: 13337: 13335: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13273: 13271: 13265: 13264: 13257: 13256: 13249: 13242: 13234: 13228: 13225: 13224: 13212: 13211: 13209: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13187: 13185: 13181: 13180: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13152: 13150: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13142: 13134: 13126: 13118: 13114:Bolívar soy yo 13110: 13102: 13094: 13085: 13083: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13075: 13066: 13064: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13036: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13020: 13015: 13009: 13007: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12999: 12993: 12990:Jamaica Letter 12987: 12980: 12978: 12971: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12925: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12909: 12903:George Canning 12889: 12887:Andrew Jackson 12877: 12848: 12846: 12845:Contemporaries 12842: 12841: 12839: 12838: 12823: 12786: 12778: 12751: 12749: 12740: 12736: 12735: 12728: 12727: 12720: 12713: 12705: 12697: 12696: 12691: 12688: 12678: 12677: 12672: 12669: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12647: 12646: 12632: 12631:External links 12629: 12628: 12627: 12617: 12601: 12587: 12580: 12569: 12555: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12536: 12524: 12523: 12517: 12500: 12494: 12477: 12471: 12454: 12424:(in Spanish). 12412: 12411: 12410: 12409: 12400: 12391: 12382: 12373: 12361: 12360: 12354: 12341: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12283: 12277: 12263:, ed. (2003). 12257: 12251: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12219: 12202: 12196: 12175: 12169: 12145: 12139: 12122: 12116: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12075:, p. 206. 12065: 12053: 12051:, p. 111. 12041: 12017: 12015:, p. 458. 11997: 11985: 11955: 11953:, p. 302. 11943: 11912: 11900: 11898:, p. 459. 11884: 11864: 11852: 11840: 11838:, p. 460. 11828: 11813: 11793: 11781: 11769: 11753: 11741: 11729: 11717: 11701: 11685: 11665: 11649: 11637: 11625: 11613: 11597: 11564: 11531: 11499: 11466: 11430: 11415:(in Spanish). 11397: 11367: 11334: 11314: 11312:, p. 456. 11294: 11270: 11250: 11226: 11224:, p. 439. 11210: 11190: 11162: 11146: 11126: 11102: 11078: 11050: 11048:, p. 393. 11030: 11002: 11000:, p. 231. 10986: 10962: 10938: 10936:, p. 272. 10922: 10916:, p. 99; 10898: 10892:, p. 99; 10870: 10868:, p. 367. 10854: 10830: 10810: 10790: 10766: 10746: 10744:, p. 264. 10730: 10714: 10712:, p. 201. 10694: 10668: 10666:, p. 200. 10648: 10624: 10608: 10606:, p. 339. 10584: 10580:McFarlane 2014 10572: 10568:McFarlane 2014 10560: 10536: 10534:, p. 331. 10520: 10518:, p. 193. 10504: 10502:, p. 329. 10477: 10475:, p. 329. 10461: 10459:, p. 250. 10445: 10443:, p. 402. 10441:McFarlane 2014 10430: 10424:, p. 88; 10402: 10386: 10374: 10354: 10334: 10332:, p. 398. 10330:McFarlane 2014 10319: 10317:, p. 312. 10295: 10289:, p. 86; 10271: 10269:, p. 184. 10255: 10235: 10233:, p. 183. 10215: 10211:McFarlane 2014 10203: 10187: 10163: 10159:McFarlane 2014 10151: 10145:, p. 82; 10123: 10099: 10079: 10077:, p. 292. 10055: 10049:, p. 81; 10027: 10007: 10005:, p. 227. 9991: 9963: 9961:, p. 280. 9943: 9919: 9917:, p. 393. 9915:McFarlane 2014 9904: 9880: 9878:, p. 146. 9864: 9862:, p. 278. 9840: 9834:, p. 79; 9820: 9818:, p. 167. 9800: 9784: 9782:, p. 167. 9772: 9770:, p. 167. 9752: 9750:, p. 271. 9728: 9726:, p. 271. 9712: 9710:, p. 266. 9696: 9694:, p. 267. 9680: 9678:, p. 392. 9676:McFarlane 2014 9665: 9661:McFarlane 2014 9653: 9629: 9627:, p. 263. 9609: 9607:, p. 391. 9605:McFarlane 2014 9597: 9595:, p. 139. 9577: 9575:, p. 216. 9561: 9559:, p. 257. 9541: 9537:McFarlane 2014 9529: 9505: 9503:, p. 254. 9485: 9461: 9459:, p. 368. 9457:McFarlane 2014 9449: 9425: 9409: 9407:, p. 247. 9389: 9387:, p. 247. 9373: 9349: 9347:, p. 246. 9329: 9305: 9289: 9269: 9249: 9229: 9209: 9205:McFarlane 2014 9197: 9191:, p. 75; 9169: 9167:, p. 232. 9153: 9151:, p. 185. 9137: 9113: 9111:, p. 230. 9097: 9081: 9077:McFarlane 2014 9069: 9067:, p. 228. 9063:, p. 75; 9049: 9047:, p. 127. 9033: 9029:McFarlane 2014 9021: 9019:, p. 124. 9005: 8981: 8957: 8955:, p. 255. 8945: 8943:, p. 225. 8925: 8923:, p. 222. 8909: 8889: 8887:, p. 222. 8865: 8863:, p. 325. 8861:McFarlane 2014 8848: 8846:, p. 117. 8832: 8808: 8804:McFarlane 2014 8796: 8772: 8770:, p. 317. 8768:McFarlane 2014 8760: 8736: 8734:, p. 207. 8720: 8718:, p. 319. 8716:McFarlane 2014 8708: 8692: 8690:, p. 163. 8680: 8676:McFarlane 2014 8668: 8666:, p. 201. 8648: 8646:, p. 160. 8636: 8616: 8596: 8594:, p. 197. 8576: 8574:, p. 202. 8552: 8532: 8508: 8506:, p. 154. 8492: 8490:, p. 315. 8488:McFarlane 2014 8480: 8478:, p. 193. 8456: 8454:, p. 195. 8440: 8438:, p. 193. 8420: 8404: 8402:, p. 192. 8388: 8384:McFarlane 2014 8376: 8356: 8354:, p. 102. 8340: 8320: 8318:, p. 191. 8304: 8288: 8286:, p. 189. 8264: 8262:, p. 190. 8248: 8246:, p. 189. 8228: 8226:, p. 314. 8224:McFarlane 2014 8216: 8214:, p. 100. 8196: 8180: 8178:, p. 100. 8164: 8162:, p. 186. 8158:, p. 60; 8144: 8142:, p. 186. 8138:, p. 60; 8116: 8096: 8094:, p. 183. 8076: 8074:, p. 179. 8056: 8054:, p. 313. 8052:McFarlane 2014 8044: 8042:, p. 179. 8038:, p. 97; 8020: 8018:, p. 179. 8000: 7994:, p. 59; 7990:, p. 97; 7972: 7970:, p. 178. 7966:, p. 59; 7952: 7946:, p. 97; 7932: 7930:, p. 177. 7908: 7896: 7868: 7852: 7850:, p. 138. 7848:McFarlane 2014 7840: 7834:, p. 90; 7816: 7810:, p. 55; 7792: 7772: 7766:, p. 55; 7744: 7742:, p. 168. 7724: 7718:, p. 89; 7704: 7684: 7682:, p. 163. 7668: 7662:, p. 87; 7648: 7632: 7630:, p. 161. 7608: 7606:, p. 160. 7592: 7590:, p. 162. 7580: 7578:, p. 107. 7568: 7566:, p. 159. 7562:, p. 86; 7541: 7537:McFarlane 2014 7529: 7523:, p. 50; 7509: 7489: 7485:McFarlane 2014 7477: 7475:, p. 153. 7467:, p. 86; 7457: 7441: 7439:, p. 150. 7435:, p. 47; 7421: 7417:McFarlane 2014 7409: 7389: 7387:, p. 122. 7385:McFarlane 2014 7377: 7365: 7363:, p. 125. 7361:McFarlane 2014 7353: 7341: 7339:, p. 140. 7335:, p. 72; 7331:, p. 76; 7317: 7301: 7299:, p. 123. 7297:McFarlane 2014 7289: 7273: 7271:, p. 120. 7269:McFarlane 2014 7261: 7259:, p. 146. 7255:, p. 75; 7251:, p. 75; 7237: 7235:, p. 115. 7233:McFarlane 2014 7225: 7219:, p. 46; 7215:, p. 73; 7211:, p. 77; 7197: 7185: 7161: 7159:, p. 138. 7155:, p. 74; 7141: 7125: 7105: 7081: 7075:, p. 69; 7061: 7059:, p. 116. 7049: 7039:, p. 70; 7025: 7019:, p. 71; 7009: 7007:, p. 128. 6993: 6987:, p. 42; 6983:, p. 67; 6973: 6963:, p. 67; 6949: 6947:, p. 122. 6933: 6917: 6915:, p. 122. 6911:, p. 62; 6897: 6873: 6871:, p. 118. 6867:, p. 61; 6857: 6855:, p. 119. 6851:, p. 61; 6847:, p. 64; 6837: 6835:, p. 118. 6831:, p. 63; 6817: 6797: 6791:, p. 58; 6777: 6775:, p. 112. 6771:, p. 60; 6767:, p. 57; 6757: 6755:, p. 112. 6751:, p. 57; 6741: 6739:, p. 112. 6735:, p. 60; 6721: 6717:McFarlane 2014 6704: 6692: 6686:, p. 59; 6682:, p. 56; 6668: 6656: 6644: 6634:, p. 59; 6630:, p. 55; 6620: 6616:McFarlane 2014 6608: 6596: 6590:, p. 93; 6580: 6578:, p. 105. 6574:, p. 92; 6564: 6558:, p. 58; 6550:, p. 92; 6540: 6538:, p. 104. 6534:, p. 34; 6530:, p. 34; 6526:, p. 48; 6522:, p. 91; 6512: 6508:McFarlane 2014 6500: 6498:, p. 104. 6494:, p. 91; 6484: 6482:, p. 100. 6478:, p. 58; 6468: 6456: 6444: 6440:McFarlane 2014 6432: 6430:, p. 101. 6426:, p. 47; 6422:, p. 88; 6412: 6406:, p. 33; 6402:, p. 55; 6398:, p. 47; 6384: 6382:, p. 100. 6372: 6366:, p. 86; 6356: 6350:, p. 46; 6340: 6336:McFarlane 2014 6328: 6322:, p. 84; 6312: 6306:, p. 83; 6296: 6292:McFarlane 2014 6284: 6278:, p. 54; 6268: 6256: 6244: 6232: 6220: 6208: 6202:, p. 54; 6188: 6182:, p. 41; 6168: 6162:, p. 53; 6158:, p. 41; 6148: 6142:, p. 31; 6138:, p. 41; 6128: 6122:, p. 53; 6112: 6102:, p. 50; 6092: 6086:, p. 40; 6082:, p. 77; 6072: 6052: 6036: 6030:, p. 28; 6022:, p. 38; 6008: 5996: 5990:, p. 48; 5986:, p. 38; 5976: 5970:, p. 38; 5960: 5956:McFarlane 2014 5948: 5942:, p. 48; 5932: 5912: 5906:, p. 67; 5896: 5890:, p. 47; 5886:, p. 35; 5876: 5870:, p. 47; 5866:, p. 35; 5856: 5850:, p. 46; 5836: 5820: 5804: 5798:, p. 45; 5784: 5778:, p. 44; 5760: 5754:, p. 41; 5744: 5738:, p. 41; 5724: 5718:, p. 26; 5708: 5696: 5690:, p. 39; 5686:, p. 25; 5676: 5670:, p. 25; 5660: 5654:, p. 39; 5650:, p. 30; 5636: 5624: 5618:, p. 26; 5614:, p. 24; 5604: 5588: 5582:, p. 26; 5578:, p. 24; 5574:, p. 41; 5564: 5558:, p. 24; 5548: 5542:, p. 25; 5538:, p. 24; 5534:, p. 41; 5524: 5518:, p. 25; 5514:, p. 24; 5504: 5488: 5482:, p. 15; 5478:, p. 23; 5460: 5454:, p. 23; 5444: 5438:, p. 20; 5428: 5422:, p. 20; 5412: 5400: 5394:, p. 15; 5390:, p. 22; 5386:, p. 20; 5372: 5366:, p. 22; 5352: 5340: 5334:, p. 14; 5330:, p. 21; 5322:, p. 31; 5312: 5306:, p. 20; 5302:, p. 19; 5292: 5280: 5274:, p. 20; 5264: 5258:, p. 19; 5254:, p. 31; 5244: 5238:, p. 19; 5228: 5216: 5210:, p. 20; 5200: 5183: 5173:, p. 30; 5163: 5157:, p. 19; 5143: 5137:, p. 18; 5133:, p. 30; 5123: 5117:, p. 19; 5107: 5101:, p. 13; 5097:, p. 28; 5087: 5075: 5063: 5051: 5045:, p. 13; 5041:, p. 18; 5037:, p. 28; 5027: 5021:, p. 19; 5017:, p. 18; 5007: 5001:, p. 18; 4991: 4985:, p. 18; 4975: 4963: 4957:, p. 18; 4953:, p. 27; 4943: 4937:, p. 17; 4927: 4921:, p. 18; 4911: 4905:, p. 18; 4901:, p. 17; 4897:, p. 27; 4887: 4881:, p. 17; 4877:, p. 27; 4867: 4844: 4838:, p. 25; 4828: 4822:, p. 17; 4818:, p. 25; 4808: 4796: 4790:, p. 17; 4786:, p. 14; 4782:, p. 25; 4772: 4766:, p. 17; 4756: 4736: 4716: 4700: 4688: 4682:, p. 24; 4672: 4657: 4651:, p. 13; 4647:, p. 23; 4637: 4622: 4612:, p. 23; 4602: 4600:, p. xix. 4596:, p. 12; 4586: 4580:, p. 16; 4562: 4550: 4538: 4528:, p. 23; 4518: 4502: 4482: 4470: 4460:, p. 20; 4450: 4440:, p. 20; 4430: 4424:, p. 10; 4420:, p. 20; 4410: 4398: 4370: 4334: 4323:on 31 May 2019 4298: 4268: 4257:. 22 June 1827 4253:(in Spanish). 4241: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4078: 4068: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4027: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3776:Egalitarianism 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3750:Related topics 3749: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3721:United Kingdom 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3503:Dutch Republic 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3471: 3469:Roman Republic 3465: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3433: 3423: 3413: 3403: 3393: 3383: 3373: 3363: 3353: 3343: 3333: 3323: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2910:Wollstonecraft 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2487: 2484: 2405: 2402: 2370:in September. 2260: 2257: 2212:Cisplatine War 1959: 1956: 1778: 1775: 1732:Angostura fell 1705:Ciudad Bolívar 1685:third republic 1621:Renato Beluche 1617:Jamaica Letter 1596: 1593: 1406:Pierre Labatut 1344: 1341: 1329:Puerto Cabello 1271: 1174: 1171: 1011:Main article: 1008: 1005: 930: 835: 832: 676: 673: 581:Bolívar family 537: 534: 504:third republic 462:Bolívar began 443:that ended in 398:Spanish Empire 357: 356: 353: 352: 345: 341: 340: 335: 331: 330: 319: 315: 310: 309: 307: 303: 302: 300: 299: 296: 293: 286: 284: 280: 279: 274: 270: 269: 267:(now Colombia) 257:(aged 47) 251: 247: 246: 227: 223: 222: 218: 217: 214: 213: 208: 202: 201: 196: 190: 189: 179: 178: 171: 170: 168:José de La Mar 165: 159: 158: 153: 147: 146: 136: 135: 128: 127: 122: 116: 115: 110: 104: 103: 93: 92: 85: 84: 81: 80: 77: 69: 68: 65: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16209: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16032:Simón Bolívar 16030: 16029: 16027: 16015: 16014: 16002: 15998: 15997: 15985: 15981: 15980: 15968: 15967: 15964: 15958: 15957:Simón Bolívar 15950: 15940: 15938: 15928: 15926: 15916: 15914: 15913:Latin America 15904: 15902: 15892: 15890: 15880: 15878: 15868: 15866: 15856: 15854: 15844: 15843: 15840: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15806: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15766: 15764: 15762: 15758: 15752: 15749: 15747: 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15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15266:Sánchez Cerro 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15246:Sánchez Cerro 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14893: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14875: 14870: 14868: 14863: 14861: 14856: 14855: 14852: 14840: 14832: 14830: 14822: 14821: 14818: 14809: 14797: 14793: 14787: 14784: 14780: 14774: 14771: 14767: 14761: 14758: 14754: 14748: 14745: 14741: 14735: 14732: 14728: 14722: 14719: 14715: 14714:Jorge Quiroga 14709: 14706: 14702: 14696: 14693: 14689: 14683: 14680: 14676: 14670: 14667: 14663: 14657: 14654: 14650: 14644: 14641: 14637: 14636:Guido Vildoso 14631: 14628: 14624: 14618: 14615: 14611: 14605: 14602: 14598: 14592: 14589: 14585: 14579: 14576: 14572: 14566: 14563: 14559: 14558:David Padilla 14553: 14550: 14546: 14540: 14537: 14533: 14527: 14524: 14520: 14514: 14511: 14507: 14501: 14498: 14494: 14488: 14485: 14481: 14475: 14472: 14468: 14462: 14459: 14455: 14449: 14446: 14442: 14436: 14433: 14429: 14423: 14420: 14416: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14397: 14394: 14390: 14384: 14381: 14377: 14371: 14368: 14364: 14358: 14355: 14351: 14345: 14342: 14338: 14332: 14329: 14325: 14319: 14316: 14312: 14306: 14303: 14299: 14293: 14290: 14286: 14280: 14277: 14273: 14267: 14264: 14260: 14254: 14251: 14247: 14241: 14238: 14234: 14228: 14225: 14221: 14215: 14212: 14208: 14202: 14199: 14195: 14189: 14186: 14182: 14181:Ismael Montes 14176: 14173: 14169: 14163: 14160: 14156: 14155:Ismael Montes 14150: 14147: 14143: 14137: 14134: 14130: 14124: 14121: 14117: 14111: 14108: 14104: 14098: 14095: 14091: 14085: 14082: 14078: 14072: 14069: 14065: 14064:Hilarión Daza 14059: 14056: 14052: 14046: 14043: 14039: 14033: 14030: 14026: 14020: 14017: 14013: 14007: 14004: 14000: 13994: 13991: 13987: 13981: 13978: 13974: 13968: 13965: 13961: 13960:Jorge Córdova 13955: 13952: 13948: 13942: 13939: 13935: 13929: 13926: 13922: 13916: 13913: 13909: 13903: 13900: 13894: 13891: 13885: 13882: 13878: 13872: 13869: 13865: 13859: 13856: 13852: 13846: 13843: 13837: 13834: 13830: 13824: 13821: 13815: 13812: 13806: 13803: 13802:Simón Bolívar 13797: 13796: 13792: 13788: 13784: 13777: 13772: 13770: 13765: 13763: 13758: 13757: 13754: 13742: 13741:Gustavo Petro 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13711:César Gaviria 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13621:Jorge Holguín 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13569: 13565: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13533:Aquileo Parra 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13508:Santos Acosta 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13452: 13450: 13448: 13444: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13359:Simón Bolívar 13357: 13356: 13354: 13352: 13348: 13343: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13270: 13266: 13262: 13255: 13250: 13248: 13243: 13241: 13236: 13235: 13232: 13226: 13219: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13182: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13147: 13140: 13139: 13135: 13132: 13131: 13130:The Liberator 13127: 13124: 13123: 13119: 13116: 13115: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13103: 13100: 13099: 13098:Simón Bolívar 13095: 13092: 13091: 13090:Simón Bolívar 13087: 13086: 13084: 13080: 13073: 13072: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13040:Bolivarianism 13038: 13037: 13035: 13033: 13029: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13006:Constitutions 13004: 12997: 12994: 12991: 12988: 12985: 12982: 12981: 12979: 12975: 12972: 12968: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12946: 12942: 12938: 12934: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12918: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12884: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12853: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12843: 12835: 12830: 12827: 12824: 12820: 12815: 12809: 12804: 12798: 12793: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12779: 12775: 12770: 12764: 12759: 12756: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12732:Simón Bolívar 12726: 12721: 12719: 12714: 12712: 12707: 12706: 12703: 12694: 12685: 12684: 12679: 12675: 12666: 12665: 12659: 12655: 12650: 12644: 12640: 12639: 12635: 12634: 12626: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12609: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12596: 12592: 12589:Lynch, John. 12588: 12585: 12581: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12553: 12552: 12547: 12546: 12533: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12525: 12520: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12501: 12497: 12491: 12487: 12483: 12478: 12474: 12468: 12464: 12460: 12455: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12414: 12413: 12406: 12401: 12397: 12392: 12388: 12383: 12379: 12374: 12370: 12365: 12364: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12351: 12347: 12342: 12338: 12334: 12330: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12310: 12306: 12302: 12298: 12293: 12292: 12280: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12262: 12258: 12254: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12235: 12234: 12222: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12203: 12199: 12193: 12189: 12184: 12183: 12182:Simón Bolívar 12176: 12172: 12166: 12162: 12157: 12156: 12150: 12146: 12142: 12136: 12132: 12128: 12123: 12119: 12113: 12109: 12104: 12103: 12097: 12093: 12092: 12074: 12069: 12062: 12057: 12050: 12045: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12021: 12014: 12010: 12006: 12001: 11994: 11989: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11959: 11952: 11947: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11916: 11910:, p. 13. 11909: 11904: 11897: 11893: 11888: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11868: 11861: 11856: 11850:, p. 90. 11849: 11844: 11837: 11832: 11825: 11820: 11818: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11797: 11790: 11785: 11779:, p. 44. 11778: 11773: 11766: 11762: 11757: 11751:, p. 18. 11750: 11745: 11738: 11733: 11727:, p. 14. 11726: 11721: 11714: 11710: 11705: 11698: 11694: 11689: 11682: 11678: 11674: 11669: 11662: 11658: 11653: 11646: 11641: 11634: 11629: 11623:, p. 15. 11622: 11617: 11611:, p. 84. 11610: 11606: 11601: 11585: 11581: 11580: 11579:Time Magazine 11575: 11568: 11552: 11548: 11547: 11542: 11535: 11519: 11515: 11514: 11509: 11503: 11487: 11483: 11482: 11477: 11470: 11454: 11450: 11449: 11444: 11437: 11435: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11408: 11401: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11371: 11355: 11351: 11350: 11345: 11338: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11318: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11298: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11274: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11254: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11230: 11223: 11219: 11214: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11194: 11187: 11183: 11179: 11175: 11171: 11166: 11159: 11155: 11150: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11130: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11106: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11082: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11054: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11034: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11006: 10999: 10995: 10990: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10971: 10966: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10942: 10935: 10931: 10926: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10902: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10874: 10867: 10863: 10858: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10834: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10814: 10807: 10803: 10799: 10794: 10787: 10783: 10779: 10775: 10770: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10750: 10743: 10739: 10734: 10727: 10723: 10718: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10698: 10682: 10678: 10672: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10652: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10628: 10621: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10588: 10581: 10576: 10569: 10564: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10540: 10533: 10529: 10524: 10517: 10513: 10508: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10484: 10482: 10474: 10470: 10465: 10458: 10454: 10449: 10442: 10437: 10435: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10415: 10411: 10406: 10399: 10395: 10390: 10383: 10378: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10358: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10338: 10331: 10326: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10299: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10275: 10268: 10264: 10259: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10239: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10219: 10212: 10207: 10200: 10196: 10191: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10167: 10160: 10155: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10127: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10103: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10083: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10059: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10036: 10031: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10011: 10004: 10000: 9995: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9967: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9947: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9923: 9916: 9911: 9909: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9884: 9877: 9873: 9868: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9844: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9824: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9804: 9797: 9793: 9788: 9781: 9776: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9756: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9732: 9725: 9721: 9716: 9709: 9705: 9700: 9693: 9689: 9684: 9677: 9672: 9670: 9662: 9657: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9633: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9613: 9606: 9601: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9581: 9574: 9570: 9565: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9545: 9538: 9533: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9509: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9489: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9465: 9458: 9453: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9429: 9422: 9418: 9413: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9393: 9386: 9382: 9377: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9353: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9333: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9309: 9302: 9298: 9293: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9273: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9253: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9233: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9213: 9206: 9201: 9194: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9173: 9166: 9162: 9157: 9150: 9146: 9141: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9110: 9106: 9101: 9094: 9090: 9085: 9078: 9073: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9053: 9046: 9042: 9037: 9030: 9025: 9018: 9014: 9009: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8985: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8961: 8954: 8949: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8929: 8922: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8869: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8845: 8841: 8836: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8812: 8805: 8800: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8769: 8764: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8740: 8733: 8729: 8724: 8717: 8712: 8705: 8701: 8696: 8689: 8684: 8677: 8672: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8645: 8640: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8620: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8556: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8512: 8505: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8484: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8460: 8453: 8449: 8444: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8424: 8417: 8413: 8408: 8401: 8397: 8392: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8369: 8365: 8360: 8353: 8349: 8344: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8324: 8317: 8313: 8308: 8301: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8268: 8261: 8257: 8252: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8232: 8225: 8220: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8200: 8193: 8189: 8184: 8177: 8173: 8168: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8148: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8120: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8100: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8080: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8060: 8053: 8048: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8024: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8004: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7976: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7956: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7936: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7912: 7905: 7900: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7872: 7866:, p. 90. 7865: 7861: 7856: 7849: 7844: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7728: 7722:, p. 54. 7721: 7717: 7713: 7708: 7702:, p. 88. 7701: 7697: 7693: 7688: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7652: 7646:, p. 87. 7645: 7641: 7636: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7612: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7589: 7584: 7577: 7572: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7548: 7546: 7538: 7533: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7513: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7493: 7486: 7481: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7461: 7455:, p. 49. 7454: 7450: 7445: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7425: 7418: 7413: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7393: 7386: 7381: 7374: 7369: 7362: 7357: 7351:, p. 77. 7350: 7345: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7321: 7315:, p. 79. 7314: 7310: 7305: 7298: 7293: 7287:, p. 84. 7286: 7282: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7241: 7234: 7229: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7195:, p. 75. 7194: 7189: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7139:, p. 70. 7138: 7134: 7129: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7109: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7065: 7058: 7053: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7029: 7022: 7018: 7013: 7006: 7002: 6997: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6977: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6953: 6946: 6942: 6937: 6931:, p. 38. 6930: 6926: 6921: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6877: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6781: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6750: 6745: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6725: 6719:, p. 93. 6718: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6702:, p. 57. 6701: 6696: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6665: 6660: 6654:, p. 96. 6653: 6648: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6624: 6617: 6612: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6577: 6573: 6568: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6510:, p. 91. 6509: 6504: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6481: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6454:, p. 56. 6453: 6448: 6441: 6436: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6416: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6376: 6370:, p. 46. 6369: 6365: 6360: 6354:, p. 97. 6353: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6332: 6326:, p. 31. 6325: 6321: 6316: 6310:, p. 31. 6309: 6305: 6300: 6294:, p. 87. 6293: 6288: 6282:, p. 31. 6281: 6277: 6272: 6266:, p. 42. 6265: 6260: 6254:, p. 32. 6253: 6248: 6242:, p. 85. 6241: 6236: 6230:, p. 54. 6229: 6224: 6218:, p. 95. 6217: 6212: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6172: 6166:, p. 95. 6165: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6146:, p. 95. 6145: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6126:, p. 95. 6125: 6121: 6116: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6096: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6050:, p. 92. 6049: 6045: 6040: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6006:, p. 38. 6005: 6000: 5994:, p. 87. 5993: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5974:, p. 48. 5973: 5969: 5964: 5958:, p. 85. 5957: 5952: 5946:, p. 86. 5945: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5910:, p. 84. 5909: 5905: 5900: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5854:, p. 81. 5853: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5802:, p. 79. 5801: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5742:, p. 80. 5741: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5722:, p. 77. 5721: 5717: 5712: 5706:, p. 18. 5705: 5700: 5694:, p. 72. 5693: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5674:, p. 71. 5673: 5669: 5664: 5658:, p. 70. 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5634:, p. 27. 5633: 5628: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5586:, p. 63. 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5568: 5562:, p. 62. 5561: 5557: 5552: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5522:, p. 61. 5521: 5517: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5497: 5496:Bushnell 2003 5492: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5442:, p. 52. 5441: 5437: 5432: 5426:, p. 15. 5425: 5421: 5416: 5410:, p. 52. 5409: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5370:, p. 51. 5369: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5350:, p. 51. 5349: 5344: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5290:, p. 48. 5289: 5284: 5278:, p. 48. 5277: 5273: 5268: 5262:, p. 20. 5261: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5242:, p. 47. 5241: 5237: 5232: 5226:, p. 18. 5225: 5220: 5214:, p. 47. 5213: 5209: 5204: 5198:, p. 20. 5197: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5161:, p. 13. 5160: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5141:, p. 46. 5140: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5121:, p. 46. 5120: 5116: 5111: 5105:, p. 44. 5104: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5067: 5061:, p. 44. 5060: 5055: 5049:, p. 44. 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5025:, p. 43. 5024: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5005:, p. 43. 5004: 5000: 4995: 4989:, p. 18. 4988: 4984: 4979: 4973:, p. 37. 4972: 4967: 4961:, p. 38. 4960: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4941:, p. 42. 4940: 4936: 4931: 4925:, p. 37. 4924: 4920: 4915: 4909:, p. 37. 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4842:, p. 34. 4841: 4837: 4832: 4826:, p. 33. 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4806:, p. 32. 4805: 4800: 4794:, p. 32. 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4776: 4770:, p. 32. 4769: 4765: 4760: 4753: 4750:, p. 9; 4749: 4745: 4740: 4734:, p. 22. 4733: 4730:, p. 9; 4729: 4725: 4720: 4714:, p. 25. 4713: 4710:, p. 9; 4709: 4704: 4698:, p. 17. 4697: 4692: 4686:, p. 25. 4685: 4681: 4676: 4670:, p. 13. 4669: 4664: 4662: 4655:, p. 24. 4654: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4635:, p. 25. 4634: 4629: 4627: 4620:, p. 24. 4619: 4616:, p. 9; 4615: 4611: 4606: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4554: 4548:, p. 11. 4547: 4542: 4536:, p. 18. 4535: 4532:, p. 9; 4531: 4527: 4522: 4516:, p. 18. 4515: 4512:, p. 9; 4511: 4506: 4500:, p. 21. 4499: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4479: 4474: 4467: 4464:, p. 4; 4463: 4459: 4454: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4395: 4392:, p. 4; 4391: 4388:, p. 2; 4387: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4338: 4322: 4318: 4317:HarperCollins 4314: 4313: 4308: 4302: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4242: 4226: 4217: 4209: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4183: 4182: 4173: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4125: 4082: 4072: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4013: 4012:stole a sword 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3946: 3935: 3933: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3859: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3739: 3738:United States 3736: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3613:Metapolitefsi 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3449: 3448: 3447:On Revolution 3444: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3417:Rights of Man 3414: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3327:De re publica 3324: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133:Jones (Lynne) 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2928:Adams (Gerry) 2926: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2727:Revolutionary 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2717:Parliamentary 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2526:Civil society 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2502:Republicanism 2500: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2410: 2401: 2399: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2138: 2137:the surrender 2135:and accepted 2134: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2031:Manuela Sáenz 2028: 2020: 2019:Manuela Sáenz 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1848:Eastern Range 1845: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736:Orinoco River 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1606: 1601: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574:Pablo Morillo 1571: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1457:El Libertador 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1350: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1309: 1303: 1298: 1291: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1184: 1179: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1163:his residence 1160: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1132:Great Britain 1129: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1104:Juan de Casas 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1070:United States 1067: 1063: 1062:New York City 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 989:Pope Pius VII 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 969:King of Italy 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 944: 938: 929: 927: 923: 922:Aimé Bonpland 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 897: 892: 888: 884: 878: 873: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 852:San Ildefonso 845: 840: 831: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 777: 776:San Ildefonso 768: 764: 760: 758: 754: 750: 744: 739: 735: 729: 724: 720: 714: 712: 706: 701: 697: 691: 686: 682: 672: 668: 663: 656: 651: 647: 641: 636: 633:(born 1779), 630: 625: 622:(born 1777), 619: 614: 613:María Antonia 610: 604: 599: 595: 590: 588: 587: 582: 578: 577:Basque region 573: 567: 562: 556: 551: 547: 543: 533: 530: 526: 520: 518: 517:Gran Colombia 514: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 402:El Libertador 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 363: 354: 350: 346: 342: 339: 338:Manuela Sáenz 336: 332: 313: 308: 304: 297: 294: 291: 288: 287: 285: 281: 278: 275: 273:Resting place 271: 265: 264:Gran Colombia 261: 252: 248: 244: 240: 228: 224: 219: 215: 212: 209: 203: 200: 197: 191: 185: 180: 177: 172: 169: 166: 160: 157: 154: 148: 142: 137: 134: 129: 126: 123: 117: 114: 111: 105: 99: 94: 91: 86: 82: 75: 70: 66:Simón Bolívar 63: 60: 56: 49: 48: 43: 42: 37: 33: 26: 22: 16011: 15994: 15982:from Commons 15977: 15956: 15699:Institutions 15493:Lucas Alamán 15482: 15475: 15221:Billinghurst 14961:Luna Pizarro 14930: 14901:Luna Pizarro 14796:2020–present 14779:Jeanine Áñez 14298:Germán Busch 14103:Aniceto Arce 13801: 13726:Álvaro Uribe 13596:Rafael Reyes 13576:Rafael Núñez 13558:Rafael Núñez 13543:Rafael Núñez 13358: 13136: 13128: 13120: 13112: 13104: 13096: 13088: 13069: 12891: 12883:James Monroe 12879: 12871:Andrés Bello 12851: 12825: 12788: 12780: 12754: 12731: 12681: 12662: 12657: 12642: 12637: 12620: 12611: 12590: 12583: 12576: 12558: 12549: 12504: 12481: 12458: 12446:. 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Retrieved 4245: 4225: 4216: 4202: 4081: 4071: 4059: 4035:Libertadores 3996:Conservative 3984: 3978:created the 3957: 3951: 3948: 3943: 3928: 3881: 3810: 3445: 3435: 3425: 3415: 3405: 3395: 3385: 3375: 3365: 3355: 3345: 3335: 3325: 3315: 3128:Jones (Elin) 3033:Flynn (Paul) 2993:Clarke (Tom) 2988:Clark (Katy) 2967: 2933:Adams (John) 2754:Philosophers 2531:Civic virtue 2493:Part of the 2461: 2435: 2431:tuberculosis 2423:Barranquilla 2419: 2383:aide-de-camp 2381:, Bolívar's 2372: 2340: 2317: 2285: 2272: 2268: 2246: 2220: 2214:against the 2172: 2129: 2113:Junín region 2091: 2082: 2039: 2024: 2017:Portrait of 1961: 1945: 1911:two treaties 1883: 1868: 1844:Tame, Arauca 1841: 1805: 1729: 1725:firing squad 1697: 1673: 1645: 1610: 1544: 1521: 1502: 1480: 1470:Portrait of 1456: 1437: 1431:the city of 1421:an offensive 1414: 1346: 1337: 1333:its fortress 1313: 1306:, quoted by 1293: 1273: 1214: 1187: 1151: 1112: 1085: 1058:Philadelphia 1031: 1021:Portrait of 963:and then to 946: 940: 932: 891:Rue Vivienne 870:Bolívar and 868: 860:yellow fever 851: 849: 800:Manuel Godoy 797: 783:, bound for 775: 772: 719:Andrés Bello 715: 678: 646:house slaves 635:Juan Vicente 591: 584: 539: 525:tuberculosis 521: 461: 437:yellow fever 431:and married 410: 405: 401: 361: 360: 292:(until 1810) 255:(1830-12-17) 236:24 July 1783 206:Succeeded by 198: 183: 163:Succeeded by 140: 120:Succeeded by 97: 59: 45: 39: 32:Spanish name 16042:1830 deaths 16037:1783 births 15609:Petrocaribe 15306:Pérez Godoy 15251:Elías Arias 15206:S. Calderón 14916:Riva Agüero 14766:Evo Morales 14740:Carlos Mesa 14701:Hugo Banzer 14545:Juan Pereda 14532:Hugo Banzer 14363:Tomás Monje 14051:Tomás Frías 14025:Tomás Frías 13844:(1828–1829) 13813:(1825–1828) 13133:(2013 film) 13125:(2003 film) 13117:(2002 film) 13109:(1980 film) 13101:(1969 film) 13093:(1942 film) 12939:(1819–20), 12935:(1815–16), 12832: [ 12817: [ 12806: [ 12795: [ 12772: [ 12761: [ 12243:Verso Books 12149:Lynch, John 11709:Racine 2008 11681:Racine 2008 11645:Racine 2008 11609:Jaksic 2008 11423:12 November 4291:14 February 4015: [ 3988:Hugo Chávez 3912:Montesquieu 3761:Common good 3701:New Zealand 3696:Netherlands 3441:(1835–1840) 3411:(1787–1788) 3321:(c. 375 BC) 3243:Robespierre 3018:Etherington 2953:Benn (Tony) 2922:Politicians 2900:Tocqueville 2860:Montesquieu 2840:Machiavelli 2586:Rule of law 2581:Res publica 2468:Hugo Chávez 2441: [ 2390: [ 2301:Bucaramanga 2227: [ 2140: [ 2105: [ 2049: [ 2004: [ 1933: [ 1914: [ 1894: [ 1820: [ 1801: 1826 1790: [ 1766: [ 1751: [ 1585: [ 1578:Santa Marta 1562: [ 1540:Manuel Piar 1463:on 23 May. 1398: [ 1363: [ 1352: [ 1300: [ 1262: [ 1247: [ 1236: [ 1139: [ 1077: [ 894: [ 875: [ 816:summer home 753:Maria Luisa 741: [ 726: [ 703: [ 688: [ 665: [ 653: [ 638: [ 627: [ 616: [ 601: [ 564: [ 553: [ 470:, fighting 283:Nationality 260:Santa Marta 194:Preceded by 151:Preceded by 108:Preceded by 16026:Categories 15996:Quotations 14981:Santa Cruz 14936:Santa Cruz 14896:San Martín 14881:Presidents 14285:David Toro 13736:Iván Duque 13149:Sculptures 13063:Literature 12668:1819–1830 12658:New office 12643:Libertador 12604:Marx, Karl 12037:Arana 2013 12029:Lynch 2006 12013:Arana 2013 12005:Lynch 2006 11993:Arana 2013 11951:Lynch 2006 11896:Arana 2013 11880:Arana 2013 11836:Arana 2013 11809:Arana 2013 11805:Lynch 2006 11801:Masur 1969 11789:Lynch 2006 11765:Ewell 2008 11697:Lynch 2006 11693:Masur 1969 11677:Ewell 2008 11661:Lynch 2006 11657:Masur 1969 11633:Lynch 2006 11330:Arana 2013 11326:Lynch 2006 11310:Arana 2013 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441:Grand Tour 232:1783-07-24 15949:Venezuela 15853:Biography 15774:CARIFORUM 15614:Rio Group 15366:Kuczynski 15271:Benavides 15226:Benavides 15111:Gutiérrez 15061:San Román 15051:Echenique 15036:Figuerola 15006:Figuerola 14976:Salaverry 14792:Luis Arce 14783:2019–2020 14770:2006–2019 14757:2005–2006 14744:2003–2005 14731:2002–2003 14718:2001–2002 14705:1997–2001 14692:1993–1997 14679:1989–1993 14666:1985–1989 14653:1982–1985 14627:1981–1982 14614:1980–1981 14601:1979–1980 14562:1978–1979 14536:1971–1978 14523:1970–1971 14510:1969–1970 14484:1966–1969 14458:1964–1966 14445:1960–1964 14432:1956–1960 14419:1952–1956 14406:1951–1952 14393:1949–1951 14380:1947–1949 14367:1946–1947 14341:1943–1946 14328:1940–1943 14315:1939–1940 14302:1937–1939 14289:1936–1937 14276:1934–1936 14263:1931–1934 14250:1930–1931 14237:1926–1930 14224:1925–1926 14211:1921–1925 14198:1917–1920 14185:1913–1917 14172:1909–1913 14159:1904–1909 14146:1899–1904 14133:1896–1899 14120:1892–1896 14107:1888–1892 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781:La Guaira 570:. He was 404:, or the 378:Venezuela 344:Signature 184:In office 141:In office 98:In office 16087:Radicals 15877:Colombia 15660:CARIPASS 15638:Projects 15584:Mercosur 15391:Boluarte 15386:Castillo 15371:Vizcarra 15346:Paniagua 15341:Fujimori 15156:Iglesias 15121:Zevallos 15066:Castilla 15056:Castilla 15046:Castilla 15041:Menéndez 15031:Menéndez 15021:Castilla 14991:Menéndez 14971:Bermúdez 14966:Orbegoso 14829:Category 12943:(1819), 12895:Napoleon 12755:Parents: 12448:23 April 12442:Archived 12307:: 1–10. 12151:(2006). 12098:(2013). 11972:Archived 11930:Archived 11926:BBC News 11584:Archived 11518:Archived 11513:BBC News 11486:Archived 11453:Archived 11417:Archived 11412:El Mundo 11354:Archived 4285:Archived 4261:29 March 4186:Spanish: 4076:dispute. 4029:See also 3916:Rousseau 3726:Scotland 3666:Barbados 3317:Republic 3233:Prescott 3203:Naysmith 3193:McKechin 3153:La Malfa 3148:Khomeini 3108:Iorwerth 3073:Griffith 3048:Gambetta 3043:Galloway 3028:Ferguson 3008:Davidson 3003:Cromwell 2998:Connolly 2978:Campbell 2895:Sunstein 2880:Rousseau 2875:Polybius 2810:Franklin 2790:Chappell 2785:Cattaneo 2722:People's 2707:Imperial 2639:Kemalism 2576:Republic 2510:Concepts 2188:declared 2180:Arequipa 2125:Huancayo 2102:rebelled 1875:Colombia 1746:, where 1744:Calabozo 1699:rank of 1657:Carúpano 1649:Antilles 1504:llaneros 1483:dictator 1429:captured 1255:Valencia 999:, where 981:Florence 883:Napoleon 793:Classics 757:favorite 650:Hipólita 572:baptized 472:Royalist 374:Colombia 88:1st 47:Palacios 30:In this 15901:History 15889:Ecuador 15865:Bolivia 15839:Portals 15449:History 15381:Sagasti 15321:Velasco 15311:Lindley 15291:Noriega 15256:Jiménez 15201:Candamo 15191:Piérola 15186:Candamo 15181:Cáceres 15176:Borgoño 15166:Cáceres 15151:Cáceres 15146:Montero 15136:Piérola 15011:Vivanco 14996:Torrico 14986:Gamarra 14956:Gamarra 14931:Bolívar 13138:Bolívar 12947:(1822)) 12610:in the 12329:10.2979 11978:13 June 11936:17 July 11590:13 June 11557:13 June 11524:13 June 11492:13 June 11459:13 June 11390:9 April 11360:17 July 4353:Longman 4181:-liv-ar 4000:Liberal 3960:bolívar 3900:Spinoza 3691:Morocco 3681:Jamaica 3676:Ireland 3661:Bahamas 3463:History 3283:Taverne 3258:Skinner 3238:Ritchie 3183:Madison 3163:Lincoln 3113:Jackson 3103:Huppert 3098:Hopkins 3023:Fabiani 2983:Chapman 2968:Bolívar 2958:Bennett 2948:Bartley 2938:Atatürk 2850:Mazzini 2845:Madison 2775:Bentham 2765:Baggini 2732:Secular 2712:Islamic 2697:Federal 2634:Federal 2618:Schools 2320:walkout 2192:Bolivia 1999:at the 1972:Ecuador 1721:mulatto 1570:Jamaica 1371:Curaçao 1202:Guayana 1190:liberal 1046:Hamburg 812:engaged 789:Santoña 586:criollo 542:Caracas 492:Jamaica 421:criollo 415:in the 413:Caracas 394:Bolivia 382:Ecuador 328: 320: 316: 290:Spanish 239:Caracas 41:Bolívar 36:surname 15925:Panama 15808:Events 15376:Merino 15361:Humala 15356:García 15351:Toledo 15336:García 15236:Leguía 15216:Leguía 15196:Romaña 15161:Arenas 14946:La Mar 14906:La Mar 13901:(1841) 13892:(1841) 13822:(1828) 13804:(1825) 13074:(1989) 13032:Legacy 12998:(1819) 12992:(1815) 12986:(1812) 12826:Slave: 12747:Family 12597: 12565: 12515: 12492: 12469: 12436: 12428:(31). 12352: 12335: 12327: 12319: 12275: 12249: 12217: 12194: 12167: 12137: 12114: 11968:UNESCO 4281:El Día 4064:Styled 3976:UNESCO 3938:Legacy 3914:, and 3902:, the 3896:Hobbes 3716:Sweden 3706:Norway 3671:Canada 3451:(1963) 3431:(1794) 3421:(1791) 3401:(1762) 3391:(1755) 3381:(1748) 3371:(1698) 3361:(1656) 3351:(1649) 3341:(1531) 3293:Wilson 3263:Slater 3253:Skates 3208:Mannin 3198:Mullin 3173:Mackay 3138:Juárez 3093:Hébert 3088:Hatton 3083:Harvie 2973:Burgon 2890:Sidney 2885:Sandel 2870:Pettit 2795:Cicero 2760:Arendt 2742:Soviet 2737:Sister 2629:Modern 2416:, 1889 2324:quorum 2200:Potosí 2169:, 1825 2086:Callao 1980:Panama 1924:, and 1884:After 1665:Güiria 1607:, 1895 1555:Bogotá 1528:Cumaná 1509:Llanos 1461:Mérida 1433:Cúcuta 1358:, the 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1242:, the 1200:, and 1096:Joseph 1066:Boston 1064:, and 977:Venice 935: 846:, 1921 824:Teruel 820:Bilbao 749:Madrid 694:, the 480:second 425:Madrid 392:, and 390:Panama 370: 366: 306:Spouse 16013:Texts 15979:Media 15690:SUCRE 15296:Odría 15286:Odría 15241:Ponce 15131:Prado 15126:Pardo 15106:Balta 15096:Prado 15086:Pezet 15081:Prado 15076:Pezet 15026:Elías 15016:Nieto 15001:Vidal 14921:Sucre 13184:Other 12836:] 12821:] 12810:] 12799:] 12781:Wife: 12776:] 12765:] 12687:1825 12333:S2CID 12325:JSTOR 12303:(2). 4237:Notes 4203:Simón 4019:] 3731:Wales 3711:Spain 3686:Japan 3273:Smith 3248:Sayed 3228:Pound 3223:Nehru 3218:Nandy 3188:Magid 3168:Lucas 3158:Lewis 3068:Grévy 3063:Greer 2963:Black 2943:Azaña 2865:Paine 2835:Locke 2805:Crick 2780:Bodin 2770:Bello 2671:Types 2445:] 2394:] 2288:Ocaña 2276:balls 2231:] 2184:Sucre 2144:] 2121:Cuzco 2109:] 2053:] 2008:] 1937:] 1918:] 1898:] 1852:Socha 1837:Andes 1824:] 1794:] 1770:] 1755:] 1625:Haiti 1589:] 1566:] 1547:Tunja 1485:of a 1402:] 1367:] 1356:] 1304:] 1266:] 1251:] 1240:] 1161:, at 1143:] 1081:] 965:Milan 953:Italy 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In 476:first 322:( 318: 15937:Peru 14885:Peru 14839:List 14640:1982 14588:1979 14575:1979 14549:1978 14497:1969 14471:1966 14354:1946 13938:1848 13855:1829 13833:1828 12595:ISBN 12563:ISBN 12513:ISBN 12490:ISBN 12467:ISBN 12450:2022 12434:ISSN 12350:ISBN 12317:ISSN 12273:ISBN 12247:ISBN 12215:ISBN 12192:ISBN 12165:ISBN 12135:ISBN 12112:ISBN 11980:2023 11938:2010 11592:2023 11559:2023 11526:2023 11494:2023 11461:2023 11425:2022 11392:2012 11362:2010 10689:2023 4365:2019 4329:2019 4293:2023 4263:2023 3998:and 3962:and 3908:Hume 3890:and 3298:Wood 3143:Kane 2855:Mill 2830:Kant 2346:and 2206:and 2068:and 2062:Lima 1806:The 1711:and 1495:Coro 1377:and 1331:and 1225:Cuba 1223:and 1194:Coro 1128:coup 1090:and 985:Rome 957:Lyon 920:and 721:and 559:and 478:and 445:Rome 386:Peru 250:Died 226:Born 174:1st 131:4th 23:and 14883:of 12309:doi 4179:BOH 4169:ɑːr 4132:BOL 4121:ɑːr 3118:Jay 1474:by 1025:by 975:to 951:to 854:in 818:in 755:'s 364:(24 38:is 16028:: 12905:, 12901:, 12897:, 12885:, 12873:, 12869:, 12865:, 12861:, 12857:, 12834:es 12819:es 12812:, 12808:es 12801:, 12797:es 12774:es 12767:, 12763:es 12606:. 12575:. 12511:. 12507:. 12488:. 12484:. 12465:. 12461:. 12440:. 12426:16 12420:. 12331:. 12323:. 12315:. 12299:. 12271:. 12267:. 12245:. 12241:. 12213:. 12209:. 12190:. 12163:. 12159:. 12133:. 12129:. 12110:. 12106:. 11970:. 11966:. 11928:. 11924:. 11816:^ 11582:. 11576:. 11543:. 11510:. 11484:. 11478:. 11451:. 11445:. 11433:^ 11378:. 11352:. 11346:. 10679:. 10480:^ 10433:^ 10322:^ 9907:^ 9668:^ 8851:^ 7544:^ 6707:^ 5186:^ 4847:^ 4660:^ 4625:^ 4351:. 4345:. 4315:. 4309:. 4184:; 4157:oʊ 4144:: 4142:US 4138:; 4115:,- 4112:ər 4025:. 4017:es 4010:, 3910:, 3906:, 3898:, 2459:. 2443:es 2433:. 2392:es 2255:. 2229:es 2218:. 2142:es 2107:es 2100:, 2080:. 2076:, 2051:es 2006:es 1970:, 1935:es 1916:es 1896:es 1822:es 1798:c. 1796:, 1792:es 1768:es 1753:es 1671:. 1587:es 1564:es 1493:, 1412:. 1400:es 1365:es 1354:es 1302:es 1264:es 1249:es 1238:es 1212:. 1196:, 1157:, 1141:es 1083:. 1079:es 1060:, 1056:, 904:, 896:fr 877:es 743:es 728:es 705:es 690:es 667:es 655:es 640:es 629:es 618:es 603:es 566:es 555:es 459:. 408:. 388:, 384:, 380:, 376:, 324:m. 262:, 241:, 15965:: 15841:: 15434:e 15427:t 15420:v 14873:e 14866:t 14859:v 14798:) 14794:( 14789:▌ 14785:) 14781:( 14776:▌ 14772:) 14768:( 14763:▌ 14759:) 14755:( 14750:▌ 14746:) 14742:( 14737:▌ 14733:) 14729:( 14724:▌ 14720:) 14716:( 14711:▌ 14707:) 14703:( 14698:▌ 14694:) 14690:( 14685:▌ 14681:) 14677:( 14672:▌ 14668:) 14664:( 14659:▌ 14655:) 14651:( 14646:▌ 14642:) 14638:( 14633:▌ 14629:) 14625:( 14620:▌ 14616:) 14612:( 14607:▌ 14603:) 14599:( 14594:▌ 14590:) 14586:( 14581:▌ 14577:) 14573:( 14568:▌ 14564:) 14560:( 14555:▌ 14551:) 14547:( 14542:▌ 14538:) 14534:( 14529:▌ 14525:) 14521:( 14516:▌ 14512:) 14508:( 14503:▌ 14499:) 14495:( 14490:▌ 14486:) 14482:( 14477:▌ 14473:) 14469:( 14464:▌ 14460:) 14456:( 14451:▌ 14447:) 14443:( 14438:▌ 14434:) 14430:( 14425:▌ 14421:) 14417:( 14412:▌ 14408:) 14404:( 14399:▌ 14395:) 14391:( 14386:▌ 14382:) 14378:( 14373:▌ 14369:) 14365:( 14360:▌ 14356:) 14352:( 14347:▌ 14343:) 14339:( 14334:▌ 14330:) 14326:( 14321:▌ 14317:) 14313:( 14308:▌ 14304:) 14300:( 14295:▌ 14291:) 14287:( 14282:▌ 14278:) 14274:( 14269:▌ 14265:) 14261:( 14256:▌ 14252:) 14248:( 14243:▌ 14239:) 14235:( 14230:▌ 14226:) 14222:( 14217:▌ 14213:) 14209:( 14204:▌ 14200:) 14196:( 14191:▌ 14187:) 14183:( 14178:▌ 14174:) 14170:( 14165:▌ 14161:) 14157:( 14152:▌ 14148:) 14144:( 14139:▌ 14135:) 14131:( 14126:▌ 14122:) 14118:( 14113:▌ 14109:) 14105:( 14100:▌ 14096:) 14092:( 14087:▌ 14083:) 14079:( 14074:▌ 14070:) 14066:( 14061:▌ 14057:) 14053:( 14048:▌ 14044:) 14040:( 14035:▌ 14031:) 14027:( 14022:▌ 14018:) 14014:( 14009:▌ 14005:) 14001:( 13996:▌ 13992:) 13988:( 13983:▌ 13979:) 13975:( 13970:▌ 13966:) 13962:( 13957:▌ 13953:) 13949:( 13944:▌ 13940:) 13936:( 13931:▌ 13927:) 13923:( 13918:▌ 13914:) 13910:( 13905:▌ 13896:▌ 13887:▌ 13883:) 13879:( 13874:▌ 13870:) 13866:( 13861:▌ 13857:) 13853:( 13848:▌ 13839:▌ 13835:) 13831:( 13826:▌ 13817:▌ 13808:▌ 13799:▌ 13775:e 13768:t 13761:v 13253:e 13246:t 13239:v 12931:( 12724:e 12717:t 12710:v 12521:. 12498:. 12475:. 12452:. 12358:. 12339:. 12311:: 12301:7 12281:. 12255:. 12223:. 12200:. 12173:. 12143:. 12120:. 11982:. 11940:. 11594:. 11561:. 11528:. 11496:. 11463:. 11427:. 11394:. 11364:. 10691:. 7838:. 6815:. 4367:. 4331:. 4295:. 4265:. 4172:/ 4166:v 4163:ɪ 4160:l 4154:b 4151:ˈ 4148:/ 4124:/ 4118:v 4109:v 4106:ɪ 4103:l 4100:ɒ 4097:b 4094:ˈ 4091:/ 3871:e 3864:t 3857:v 515:( 234:) 230:( 57:. 50:. 27:.

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