464:
7493:
140:
7340:
6604:
6577:
6337:
6097:
6044:
6017:
5855:
5534:
5507:
5400:
5373:
5160:
5133:
4635:
8992:
7028:
1619:
6683:
4523:
7327:
5320:
520:
6720:
3193:
4999:
4975:
6497:
6363:
2197:
2170:
1927:
1807:
1754:
1727:
7054:
4951:
4778:
2724:
2224:
2008:
1981:
1873:
1781:
7379:
6746:
5561:
7301:
4869:
4790:
4208:
3349:
7015:
6905:
6879:
6124:
5936:
5909:
5882:
5615:
5454:
5427:
5214:
5106:
5079:
4843:
4749:
4669:
4470:
4443:
4154:
4128:
4102:
4050:
4024:
3997:
3970:
3943:
3857:
3804:
3778:
3726:
3700:
3674:
3648:
3622:
3570:
3544:
3376:
3306:
2998:
2971:
2944:
2917:
2805:
2778:
2751:
2632:
2605:
2359:
2089:
2035:
1834:
1700:
1673:
1646:
1592:
1565:
1538:
1511:
7249:
7223:
4497:
3106:
2859:
2832:
2697:
7479:
7158:
5480:
3596:
2305:
2251:
1396:
10928:
9842:
306:
7465:
4924:
7314:
7093:
6284:
6231:
5293:
5187:
4817:
4181:
2116:
7236:
2890:
7288:
7210:
7145:
7106:
6772:
6257:
4076:
2544:
2386:
6523:
7392:
6204:
5990:
5963:
4696:
4722:
3245:
3219:
32:
10938:
7366:
7197:
6694:
6471:
5669:
4549:
2578:
7184:
6631:
5828:
3752:
3491:
2467:
8901:
7353:
6444:
5588:
7262:
6935:
6825:
5721:
5695:
4601:
4575:
4288:
3465:
3079:
1954:
1846:
10917:
7441:
7080:
2062:
7132:
7119:
6657:
6150:
6071:
4322:
3279:
3052:
3025:
2670:
2658:
2517:
2505:
2479:
2413:
2278:
7171:
6550:
6310:
3883:
2332:
7275:
7067:
7041:
6961:
6852:
6799:
6417:
6390:
6177:
5802:
5775:
5748:
5642:
5346:
5266:
5240:
5052:
5025:
4897:
4417:
4390:
4356:
4262:
4235:
3910:
3830:
3518:
3439:
3337:
3167:
3140:
2440:
2143:
1900:
10948:
9854:
7514:
7612:
In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of
Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is within the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might
510:
were issued to those who participated in the airplane-based tests. Once it was found to be operative and reliable, the satellite was shipped to
Kennedy Space Center, where it was mounted in the launch vehicle's third stage. OSCAR 10's dimensions were: Height: 1.35 m (53 in) Width: 2.0 m
8889:
506:, and tested for efficiency by group members. The most efficient cells were kept for the project; the rest were returned to RadioShack. Once ready, OSCAR 10 was mounted aboard a private plane, and flown a couple of times to evaluate its performance and reliability. Special
435:
The
Amateur Radio Satellite community is very active in building satellites and in finding launch opportunities. Lists of functioning satellites need updating regularly, as new satellites are launched and older ones fail. Current information is published by
486:. The satellite had to be built in a very specific shape and weight, so it could be used in place of one of the launch vehicle ballast weights. OSCAR 1 was the first satellite to be ejected as a secondary payload (the primary payload was
864:
Prior to the launch of OSCAR 40, operating modes were designated using single letters to indicate both uplink and downlink bands. While deprecated, these older mode designations are still widely used in casual conversation.
490:) and to subsequently enter a separate orbit. It carried no on-board propulsion and its orbit decayed quickly. Despite orbiting for only 22 days, OSCAR 1 was an immediate success and led to follow-on missions. Over 570
536:
7412:, an obsolete Russian space suit with a transmitter aboard, was officially known as "AMSAT-OSCAR 54". Coincidentally, "Oscar" was the name given to an obsolete space suit by its young owner in the 1958 novel
9262:
472:
383:, an organization which promotes the development and launch of amateur radio satellites. Because of the prevalence of this designation, amateur radio satellites are often referred to as OSCARs.
1235:
3842:
1351:
1293:
474:
1793:
2529:
1165:
8571:
8540:
1030:
994:
1127:
1088:
1059:
6758:
8349:
In addition to the formal allocations in the main table such as above, there is also a key ITU-R footnote RR 5.282 that provides for additional allocations:-
473:
2182:
1912:
947:
to be received by the satellite. After the satellite passes overhead and begins to move away, this process is reversed. The downlink frequency will appear
10192:
8452:
6562:
5681:
4166:
3037:
3010:
2871:
3816:
572:
for two-way communications in real time. Some satellites have a bulletin board for store-and-forward digital communications, or a digipeater for direct
482:
The first amateur satellite, simply named OSCAR 1, was launched on
December 12, 1961, barely four years after the launch of the world's first satellite,
9267:
5011:
3405:
2398:
5707:
4140:
4114:
3895:
3556:
2452:
2263:
1739:
1712:
421:
Amateur radio satellites have helped advance the science of satellite communications. Contributions include the launch of the first satellite voice
6669:
3064:
2844:
2817:
2317:
2155:
2101:
1939:
8456:
6643:
5037:
2425:
2128:
1885:
1631:
444:
has not been actively involved in the launch and operation of most amateur satellites in the last two decades beyond allocating an OSCAR number.
1363:
of the satellite and the speed with which these corrections must be made, these calculations are normally accomplished using satellite tracking
9480:
8933:
9801:
6322:
5814:
5627:
4650:
4616:
4587:
4371:
4337:
4303:
3925:
3231:
3424:
3260:
3152:
3121:
2559:
10900:
10872:
10867:
9892:
7648:
6509:
6483:
5733:
5358:
5252:
5118:
4855:
3634:
3608:
502:
Most of the components for OSCAR 10 were "off the shelf". Jan King led the project. Solar cells were bought in batches of 10 or 20 from
8753:
8724:
6535:
6269:
6056:
6029:
5867:
4936:
4802:
4429:
6990:
6811:
6589:
6243:
6136:
6002:
5385:
5226:
5172:
4455:
3582:
3530:
139:
96:
9857:
9827:
6891:
6784:
6375:
6349:
5787:
5519:
5492:
5305:
3738:
3686:
3477:
8824:
68:
8799:
8512:
6732:
6706:
6296:
6189:
6083:
5948:
5840:
5654:
3869:
3764:
3712:
3205:
49:
9822:
6216:
6162:
5975:
5466:
5332:
335:
8774:
10894:
9444:
8961:
7007:
Currently, 30 countries have launched an OSCAR satellite. These countries, in chronological order by date of launch, include:
5145:
569:
411:
193:
75:
8564:
10889:
10879:
10859:
10661:
9072:
9031:
8707:
8693:
ITU Radio
Regulations, CHAPTER II – Frequencies, ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations, Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations
8438:
7539:
406:) communications. Currently, over 18 fully operational amateur radio satellites are in orbit. They may be designed to act as
8533:
8478:
10026:
10951:
10884:
10730:
9755:
9077:
361:
198:
82:
10656:
9845:
9327:
8926:
8383:
Of these, the 435-438 MHz band is particularly popular for amateur/educational small satellites such as
Cubesats.
1418:
that can be communicated through using commonly available amateur radio equipment. Communication can be achieved with
248:
8369:
any harmful interference caused by emissions from a station in the amateur-satellite service is immediately eliminated
8366:
services operating in accordance with the Table (see No. 5.43). Administrations authorizing such use shall ensure that
10972:
10750:
9485:
9386:
9236:
9067:
1198:
403:
158:
115:
8145:
78–79 RADIOLOCATION
64:
10535:
10083:
9885:
8363:
and 5 650-5 670 MHz, the amateur-satellite service may operate subject to not causing harmful interference to other
10646:
9227:
9135:
8956:
7414:
178:
10641:
9302:
9297:
9222:
8660:
8372:
in accordance with the provisions of No. 25.11. The use of the bands 1 260-1 270 MHz and 5 650-5 670 MHz by the
1379:. Manual frequency-shift correction is possible, but it is difficult to remain precisely near the frequency.
1301:
1243:
268:
223:
53:
8180:
79–81 RADIOLOCATION
6986:
1443:
order by launch date, ascending. The status column denotes the current operational status of the satellite.
10666:
9709:
9087:
9082:
9016:
8919:
7521:
463:
238:
228:
10941:
10702:
10599:
10142:
9937:
9909:
9806:
9530:
9187:
8635:
153:
8861:
8605:
8416:
10982:
10931:
10438:
9878:
9582:
7505:
6109:
1467:
indicates that the satellite has re-entered the Earth's atmosphere (or never successfully left it). The
667:). With a few exceptions, the letters correspond to IEEE's standard for radar frequency letter bands...
328:
10790:
10712:
10651:
10358:
9130:
8879:
7571:
610:
391:
8077:
76–77.5 RADIO ASTRONOMY
4402:
1414:(FM). These are also commonly referred to as "FM LEOs" or the "FM Birds". Such satellites act as FM
10562:
10523:
10368:
10268:
10197:
10130:
9957:
9734:
9434:
9419:
8702:
Martin
Davidoff: The Radio Amateur's Satellite Handbook. The American Radio Relay League, Newington,
8360:
In the bands 435-438 MHz, 1 260-1 270 MHz, 2 400-2 450 MHz, 3 400-3 410 MHz (in
Regions 2 and 3 only)
7453:
89:
8498:
Standard Radar
Frequency Letter-Band Nomenclature (IEEE Standard 521-1984, IEEE Std 521-2002(R2009))
1137:
10921:
10163:
10098:
10051:
10011:
9750:
9439:
9395:
9006:
542:
Es’hail 2 / QO-100 Launched
November 15, 2018.In geostationary orbit covering Brazil to Thailand.
163:
8749:
4647:
4613:
4368:
4334:
4300:
3922:
10760:
10745:
10589:
10540:
10463:
10363:
10041:
9927:
9922:
9490:
3257:
3118:
2556:
589:
42:
8279:
241–248 RADIO ASTRONOMY
8246:
136–141 RADIO ASTRONOMY
10977:
10682:
10468:
10283:
10228:
10223:
10036:
10001:
9689:
9669:
9495:
9353:
9312:
9011:
8981:
7497:
7492:
1415:
617:
491:
357:
321:
309:
218:
168:
20:
9729:
8855:- a nonprofit corporation that coordinates construction and launch of amateur radio satellites
8728:
8112:
77.5–78 AMATEUR
10584:
10388:
10353:
10273:
10253:
10175:
10063:
9984:
9765:
9379:
9292:
9051:
8976:
7543:
3417:
293:
283:
278:
213:
208:
9917:
10498:
10458:
10428:
10185:
10120:
9942:
9544:
9409:
9272:
9166:
9140:
9125:
9115:
7629:
7332:
5325:
1419:
1411:
1380:
1008:
972:
606:
568:
The first amateur satellites contained telemetry beacons. Since 1965, most OSCARs carry a
387:
386:
These satellites can be used free of charge by licensed amateur radio operators for voice (
8680:
ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.57, definition:
8399:
ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.57, definition:
1471:
listing denotes the country that constructed the satellite and not the launching country.
8:
10508:
10448:
10207:
10169:
9967:
9952:
9785:
9598:
9520:
8828:
7623:
exclusive or shared utilization: is within the responsibility of national administrations
7549:
528:
8803:
8508:
8312:
248–250 AMATEUR
8215:
134–136 AMATEUR
8048:
47–47.2 AMATEUR
7897:
144–146 AMATEUR
10735:
10692:
10623:
10493:
10423:
10398:
10333:
10180:
9901:
9247:
9161:
9092:
8905:
7420:
2929:
1372:
1112:
1073:
1044:
885:
288:
10775:
10697:
10611:
10594:
10557:
10403:
10233:
10202:
10068:
9962:
9504:
8991:
8778:
8703:
8446:
6402:
5760:
1604:
1360:
519:
429:
415:
10443:
10780:
10740:
10720:
10687:
10616:
10574:
10488:
10343:
10328:
10303:
10278:
10238:
10088:
9947:
9932:
9770:
9449:
9372:
9145:
8019:
24–24.05 AMATEUR
7617:
primary allocation: is indicated by writing in capital letters (see example below)
4247:
943:
frequency than normal so the ground station's transmitted uplink frequency must be
605:
Currently, amateur satellites support many different types of operation, including
183:
3982:
931:
than normal. Hence, the receiver frequency at the ground station must be adjusted
10408:
10263:
10031:
10006:
9994:
9644:
9540:
9515:
9510:
9414:
9343:
9257:
9182:
8865:
8565:"FM Satellites: Good Operating Practices for Beginning and Experienced Operators"
7585:
7557:
4909:
4654:
4620:
4375:
4341:
4307:
3929:
3660:
3264:
3125:
2617:
2590:
2563:
2236:
1407:
1384:
807:
585:
511:(78.75 in) Weight: 140 kg at launch; 90 kg post engine firings.
8470:
10606:
10478:
10453:
10413:
10383:
10258:
10093:
10046:
10021:
9979:
9500:
9429:
7059:
6502:
6368:
4956:
4783:
3318:
3091:
2790:
2729:
2709:
2371:
2344:
2229:
2209:
2074:
2020:
2013:
1993:
1986:
1966:
1878:
1819:
1786:
1423:
1376:
927:
is moving towards the ground station, the downlink frequency will appear to be
920:
916:
787:
782:
777:
148:
10966:
10755:
10528:
10518:
10433:
10323:
10318:
10308:
10293:
10115:
9974:
9780:
9699:
9470:
9322:
9307:
9252:
9217:
8942:
7501:
7020:
6910:
6884:
6129:
5941:
5914:
5887:
5620:
5459:
5432:
5219:
5111:
5084:
4848:
4754:
4674:
4482:
4475:
4448:
4159:
4133:
4107:
4055:
4029:
4009:
4002:
3975:
3955:
3948:
3862:
3809:
3783:
3731:
3705:
3679:
3653:
3627:
3575:
3549:
3381:
3311:
3003:
2983:
2976:
2956:
2949:
2922:
2810:
2783:
2763:
2756:
2637:
2610:
2364:
2094:
2047:
2040:
1839:
1766:
1705:
1685:
1678:
1658:
1651:
1597:
1570:
1543:
1516:
1440:
878:
812:
802:
797:
792:
487:
365:
253:
131:
527:
Other programs besides OSCAR have included Iskra (Soviet Union) circa 1982,
10633:
10473:
10418:
10348:
10313:
10248:
10147:
10137:
9989:
9684:
9608:
9364:
9232:
8893:
7254:
7228:
5573:
5091:
4502:
3111:
2864:
2837:
2736:
2702:
2202:
2175:
1959:
1932:
1851:
1812:
1759:
1732:
1399:
874:
621:
573:
426:
399:
243:
10833:
10483:
10393:
10378:
10338:
10298:
10157:
9694:
9628:
9021:
8656:
7384:
7306:
7163:
6751:
6688:
5566:
5485:
4874:
4795:
4528:
4213:
4036:
3601:
3354:
2310:
2256:
1368:
912:
663:
band. Occasionally, the downlink letter is rendered in lower case (i.e.,
503:
422:
360:. It forms part of the Amateur-satellite service. These satellites use
188:
8682:
amateur-satellite service / amateur-satellite radiocommunication service
8401:
amateur-satellite service / amateur-satellite radiocommunication service
7478:
1395:
10838:
10545:
10243:
10152:
10108:
10078:
10056:
9659:
9046:
8966:
7620:
secondary allocation: is indicated by small letters (see example below)
7464:
6864:
6616:
6429:
5921:
5600:
4062:
2875:
2644:
2491:
1426:
correction. Satellite passes are typically less than 15 minutes long.
955:. The following mathematical formulas relate the Doppler shift to the
233:
173:
5278:
10823:
10288:
10103:
9870:
9613:
8375:
amateur-satellite service is limited to the Earth-to-space direction.
7553:
7424:
7319:
7098:
7033:
6289:
6236:
5298:
5192:
5064:
4929:
4822:
4761:
4708:
4509:
4274:
4186:
2121:
1624:
936:
924:
767:
762:
483:
353:
31:
10818:
10808:
10725:
10550:
10373:
9714:
9679:
9674:
9664:
9654:
9649:
9577:
9525:
9207:
9120:
9036:
8874:- Private site with instructions for using amateur radio satellites
7293:
7241:
7215:
7150:
7111:
6777:
6262:
5546:
4535:
4220:
4193:
4081:
3503:
2902:
2895:
2549:
2391:
2290:
1364:
956:
939:. The satellite in turn, will be receiving the uplink signal at a
909:
772:
660:
640:
531:(Fuji-OSCAR 12) (Japan) in 1986, RS (Soviet Union and Russia), and
507:
407:
258:
1455:
indicates that the satellite is partially operational or failing.
10813:
10798:
10016:
9719:
9704:
9623:
9603:
9572:
9562:
9026:
7517:
7470:
7409:
7397:
7267:
6981:
6940:
6837:
6830:
6528:
6209:
5995:
5968:
5726:
5700:
5004:
4980:
4882:
4829:
4727:
4701:
4681:
4606:
4580:
4293:
3470:
3388:
3250:
3224:
3084:
1577:
1550:
1523:
1496:
532:
458:
273:
203:
8911:
8725:"Space Satellites from the World's Garage -- The Story of AMSAT"
8627:
643:
designations use sets of paired letters following the structure
10843:
10803:
10125:
9775:
9724:
9618:
9567:
9552:
9475:
9465:
9348:
9242:
9202:
9197:
9041:
8858:
8595:
8412:
7371:
7202:
7189:
7137:
7124:
7085:
6947:
6725:
6699:
6662:
6636:
6476:
6155:
6076:
5894:
5833:
5674:
5439:
5412:
5199:
4734:
4554:
4327:
4088:
3790:
3757:
3496:
3361:
3322:
3284:
3198:
3179:
3057:
3030:
2682:
2675:
2663:
2583:
2522:
2510:
2484:
2472:
2418:
2283:
2067:
1172:
1100:
905:
652:
636:
16:
Type of satellite that transmits over amateur radio frequencies
7504:, uses a ham radio system in the Zvezda Service Module of the
10828:
10765:
10073:
9760:
9557:
9192:
8971:
8600:
7657: Region 3
7654: Region 2
7605:
The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to
7358:
7345:
7280:
7176:
7072:
7046:
6966:
6857:
6804:
6609:
6582:
6555:
6456:
6449:
6422:
6395:
6342:
6315:
6182:
6102:
6049:
6022:
5860:
5807:
5780:
5753:
5647:
5593:
5539:
5512:
5405:
5378:
5351:
5271:
5245:
5165:
5138:
5057:
5030:
4902:
4640:
4561:
4422:
4395:
4361:
4267:
4240:
3915:
3888:
3835:
3523:
3451:
3444:
3342:
3291:
3172:
3145:
2445:
2337:
2148:
1905:
1858:
1168:
1096:
904:
Due to the high orbital speed of the amateur satellites, the
625:
614:
441:
437:
395:
380:
10770:
7423:. This book was first published a year after the launch of
6921:
6917:
8871:
7513:
9212:
8802:. The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. Archived from
8727:. The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. Archived from
7987:
7865:
7667:
4765:
1105:
Positive when moving towards, negative when moving away.
494:
in 28 countries forwarded observations to Project OSCAR.
1095:
velocity of the satellite relative to ground station in
523:
USSR postal stamp depicting amateur radio satellitе RS-2
8852:
8750:"The Extraordinary History of Amateur Radio Satellites"
1449:
signifies that the satellite is currently operational,
467:
First amateur radio satellite OSCAR 1, launched in 1961
537:
list of major amateur satellites in Japanese Knowledge
8877:
8868:- club commemorating the original Project OSCAR group
8436:
1304:
1246:
1201:
1140:
1115:
1076:
1047:
1011:
975:
1461:
indicates that the satellite is non operational and
1387:, and therefore FM is much easier to tune manually.
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6993:. Flight-ready, but no launch provider found yet.
1402:being used to communicate through an FM satellite.
1345:
1287:
1229:
1159:
1121:
1082:
1053:
1024:
988:
951:and the uplink frequency will need to be adjusted
425:(OSCAR 3) and the development of highly advanced
10964:
8451:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1439:The names of the satellites below are sorted in
1230:{\displaystyle \Delta f=f\times {\frac {v}{c}}}
7980:
7858:
7660:
7638:
7613:be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared.
9886:
9802:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
9380:
8927:
7609:of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012).
329:
9394:
7831:24 890–24 990 AMATEUR
7802:21 000–21 450 AMATEUR
7773:18 068–18 168 AMATEUR
7744:14 000–14 250 AMATEUR
7532:amateur-satellite radiocommunication service
613:voice, as well as digital communications of
19:"OSCAR" redirects here. For other uses, see
10901:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
8827:. Colorado State University. Archived from
8441:. Archived from the original on 1996-10-28.
7430:
2455:(UNAMSAT-2, MO-30, Unamsat-B, Kosmos-2334)
600:
584:Amateur satellites have been launched into
10937:
9893:
9879:
9387:
9373:
8934:
8920:
8455:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7581:Radiocommunication service (article 1.19)
7427:, the world's first artificial satellite.
336:
322:
9828:List of communication satellite companies
8344:
2185:(RadioSkaf-12/13, RS-12/13, COSMOS 2123)
1915:(RadioSkaf-10/11, RS-10/11, COSMOS 1861)
1346:{\displaystyle f_{u}=f(1-{\frac {v}{c}})}
1288:{\displaystyle f_{d}=f(1+{\frac {v}{c}})}
377:Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio
143:The International Symbol of Amateur Radio
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
7981:
7859:
7661:
7639:
7512:
7491:
7477:
7463:
1394:
1383:is more tolerant of doppler shifts than
560:10491.000 - 10499.000 MHz Downlink
551:10489.550 - 10489.800 MHz Downlink
518:
470:
462:
9823:List of communications satellite firsts
8775:"A Brief History of Amateur Satellites"
8501:
7600:
7540:International Telecommunication Union's
7449:This section may need to be cleaned up.
7002:
6592:(Hope-OSCAR 119, HO-119, XW-4, CAS-10)
2293:(KITSAT B, KO-25, Kitsat-2, Uribyol-2)
10965:
9900:
9705:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
7868: AMATEUR
7556:for the same purposes as those of the
9874:
9368:
9073:International Telecommunication Union
8915:
1359:Due to the complexity of finding the
1001:doppler corrected downlink frequency
557:2401.500 - 2409.500 MHz Uplink
548:2400.050 - 2400.300 MHz Uplink
375:designation, which is an acronym for
10947:
9853:
8588:
7719:7 000–7 100 AMATEUR
7520:-A and FASTRAC-B amateur satellite,
7434:
6565:(CAS-5A, Fengtai-OSCAR 118, FO-118)
364:to facilitate communication between
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
7548:A radiocommunication service using
2401:(RadioSkaf-15, RS-15, Radio-ROSTO)
1037:doppler corrected uplink frequency
919:. This phenomenon is known as the
891:Mode J: 2 m uplink / 70 cm downlink
631:
514:
371:Many amateur satellites receive an
362:amateur radio frequency allocations
13:
1202:
432:messaging transponder techniques.
138:
14:
10994:
9486:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
9068:International Amateur Radio Union
8941:
8846:
7575:is classified in accordance with
7564:
7500:, KF5BOC, flight engineer of the
6974:
5843:(BIT Progress-OSCAR 102, BO-102)
915:will vary during the course of a
379:. The designation is assigned by
159:Automatic Packet Reporting System
10946:
10936:
10927:
10926:
10915:
10536:Free-space optical communication
9852:
9841:
9840:
8990:
8899:
8887:
8825:"Amateur (ham) Radio Satellites"
8800:"Satellite Development Programs"
8608:from the original on 27 May 2015
8509:"FM Satellite Frequency Summary"
7469:First amateur-satellite station
7439:
7404:
7390:
7377:
7364:
7351:
7338:
7325:
7312:
7299:
7286:
7273:
7260:
7247:
7234:
7221:
7208:
7195:
7182:
7169:
7156:
7143:
7130:
7117:
7104:
7091:
7078:
7065:
7052:
7039:
7026:
7013:
6959:
6933:
6903:
6877:
6850:
6823:
6797:
6770:
6744:
6718:
6692:
6681:
6655:
6629:
6602:
6575:
6548:
6521:
6495:
6469:
6442:
6415:
6388:
6361:
6335:
6308:
6282:
6255:
6229:
6202:
6175:
6148:
6122:
6095:
6069:
6042:
6015:
5988:
5961:
5934:
5907:
5880:
5853:
5826:
5800:
5773:
5746:
5719:
5693:
5667:
5640:
5613:
5586:
5559:
5549:(Philippines-OSCAR 101, PO-101)
5532:
5505:
5478:
5452:
5425:
5398:
5371:
5344:
5318:
5291:
5264:
5238:
5212:
5185:
5158:
5131:
5104:
5077:
5050:
5023:
4997:
4973:
4949:
4922:
4895:
4867:
4841:
4815:
4788:
4776:
4747:
4720:
4694:
4667:
4633:
4599:
4573:
4547:
4521:
4495:
4468:
4441:
4415:
4388:
4354:
4320:
4286:
4260:
4233:
4206:
4179:
4152:
4126:
4100:
4074:
4048:
4022:
3995:
3968:
3941:
3908:
3881:
3855:
3828:
3802:
3776:
3750:
3724:
3698:
3672:
3646:
3620:
3594:
3568:
3542:
3516:
3489:
3463:
3437:
3374:
3347:
3335:
3304:
3277:
3243:
3217:
3191:
3165:
3138:
3104:
3077:
3050:
3023:
2996:
2969:
2942:
2915:
2888:
2857:
2830:
2803:
2776:
2749:
2722:
2695:
2668:
2656:
2630:
2603:
2576:
2542:
2515:
2503:
2477:
2465:
2438:
2411:
2384:
2357:
2330:
2303:
2276:
2249:
2222:
2195:
2168:
2141:
2114:
2087:
2060:
2033:
2006:
1979:
1952:
1925:
1898:
1871:
1844:
1832:
1805:
1779:
1752:
1725:
1698:
1671:
1644:
1617:
1590:
1563:
1536:
1509:
1434:
1390:
1134:the speed of light in a vacuum (
899:
478:Simple OSCAR beacon signal, 1962
305:
304:
30:
8756:from the original on 2006-07-20
8686:
8674:
8663:from the original on 2019-12-17
8649:
8638:from the original on 2021-04-19
8620:
8596:"VO-52 "Hamsat" end of mission"
8577:from the original on 2020-08-09
8546:from the original on 2022-06-17
8515:from the original on 2019-02-01
8481:from the original on 2019-04-12
8419:from the original on 2017-10-19
8200:Space research (space-to-Earth)
8165:Space research (space-to-Earth)
8130:Space research (space-to-Earth)
8097:Space research (space-to-Earth)
5576:(Qatar-OSCAR 100, QO-100, P4A)
2566:(GO-32, Gurwin-1b, Techsat-1b)
41:needs additional citations for
9083:ITU prefixes for amateur radio
8628:"AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Status"
8557:
8526:
8492:
8463:
8430:
8413:"AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Status"
8405:
8393:
6325:(HO-OSCAR 113, HO-113, CAS-9)
2077:(WeberSAT, WO-18, Microsat-3)
1794:Radio Sputniks RS3 through RS8
1340:
1321:
1282:
1263:
1160:{\displaystyle 3\times 10^{8}}
545:Narrowband Linear transponder
224:Internet Radio Linking Project
1:
8386:
7522:University of Texas at Austin
2239:(KITSAT 1, KO-23, Uribyol-1)
2158:(RS-14, AO-21, Informator-1)
595:
554:Wideband digital transponder
10922:Telecommunication portal
10703:Telecommunications equipment
9807:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
9531:Very-small-aperture terminal
7646:
7645:
5415:(OSCAR 91, AO-91, RadFxSat)
3391:(AO-54, SuitSat, Radioskaf)
2530:Thai-Microsatellite-OSCAR 31
2023:(Pacsat, AO-16, Microsat-1)
1477:Launches (past and current)
154:Automatic Link Establishment
7:
10439:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
9583:Digital audio radio service
9491:Motor-driven Satellite dish
8437:John A. Magliacane, KD2BD.
7651:
7415:Have Space Suit—Will Travel
6272:(MIRSAT-OSCAR 112, MO-112)
6192:(Magyar-OSCAR 110, MO-110)
6110:International Space Station
5978:(Magyar-OSCAR 106, MO-106)
5951:(Magyar-OSCAR 105, MO-105)
2104:(LUSAT, LO-19, Microsat-4)
1688:(OSCAR 8, AO-8, AO-D, P2D)
1661:(OSCAR 7, AO-7, AO-B, P2B)
1634:(OSCAR 6, AO-6, AO-C, P2A)
1429:
1410:(LEO) OSCAR satellites use
563:
497:
10:
10999:
10143:Telecommunications history
7572:radiocommunication service
7483:Amateur-satellite station
6538:(Italy-OSCAR 117, IO-117)
6432:(Nepal-OSCAR 116, NO-116)
6405:(Spain-OSCAR 115, SO-115)
6378:(Spain-OSCAR 114, SO-114)
4963:QB50P1 (EO-79, FUNcube-3)
3067:(AO-49, Safir-M, RUBIN 2)
2739:(AO-37, ASUsat-1, ASUSAT)
2593:(SEDSat, SO-33, SEDsat-1)
2050:(Dove, DO-17, Microsat-2)
1996:(UoSAT-4, UO-15, UoSAT-E)
1861:(UoSat-2, UO-11, UoSAT-B)
1375:that allows for automatic
935:to continue receiving the
456:
452:
447:
18:
10910:
10852:
10789:
10751:Public Switched Telephone
10711:
10675:
10632:
10573:
10563:telecommunication circuit
10524:Fiber-optic communication
10507:
10269:Francis Blake (telephone)
10216:
10064:Optical telecommunication
9908:
9836:
9815:
9794:
9743:
9638:Relay satellite companies
9637:
9591:
9539:
9458:
9435:High-throughput satellite
9420:Satellite Internet access
9402:
9336:
9285:
9175:
9154:
9108:
9101:
9060:
8999:
8988:
8949:
8311:
8278:
8245:
8214:
8179:
8144:
8111:
8076:
8047:
8018:
7985:
7956:
7896:
7863:
7830:
7801:
7772:
7743:
7718:
7647:
7592:Amateur-satellite service
7528:Amateur-satellite service
7454:Amateur-satellite service
5897:(Navy-OSCAR 104, NO-104)
5870:(Navy-OSCAR 103, NO-103)
5657:(Jordan-OSCAR 97, JO-97)
4223:(Cute-1.7+APD II, CO-65)
2212:(UOSAT 5, UO-22 UoSAT-F)
2131:(JAS 1B, FO-20, Fuji-1B)
1969:(UoSAT-3, UO-14 UoSAT-D)
1476:
1377:doppler effect correction
1297:
1239:
1194:
579:
65:"Amateur radio satellite"
10973:Amateur radio satellites
10662:Orbital angular-momentum
10099:Satellite communications
9938:Communications satellite
9396:Satellite communications
8962:Emergency communications
8714:
7579:(article 1) as follows:
7451:It has been merged from
7431:International regulation
6997:
6219:(DIY-OSCAR 111, DO-111)
5630:(VUsat-OSCAR 96, VO-96)
5281:(LUSEX OSCAR 87, LO-87)
5094:(OSCAR 84, NO-84, PSAT)
2374:(POSAT, PO-28, Posat-1)
997:
601:Satellite communications
590:highly elliptical orbits
194:Emergency communications
10541:Molecular communication
10364:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
10193:Undersea telegraph line
9928:Cable protection system
9744:Satellite manufacturers
9032:International operation
8777:. N7HPR. Archived from
8534:"Fox-1 Operating Guide"
5763:(Fuji-OSCAR 99, FO-99)
5736:(Fuji-OSCAR 98, FO-98)
4485:(SumbandilaSat, SO-67)
3408:(XO-53, SSETI Express)
2905:(AO-40, Phase 3D, P3D)
2766:(OO-38, StenSat, OPAL)
2428:(JAS 2, FO-29, Fuji-2)
1942:(Phase 3C, AO-13, P3C)
1822:(Phase 3B, AO-10, P3B)
1416:amateur radio repeaters
492:amateur radio operators
358:amateur radio operators
350:amateur radio satellite
10683:Communication protocol
10469:Charles Sumner Tainter
10284:Walter Houser Brattain
10229:Edwin Howard Armstrong
10037:Information revolution
9354:Amateur radio in India
9298:Amateur radio software
9102:Modes of communication
9012:Amateur radio operator
8752:. Space Today Online.
8345:Additional allocations
7641:Allocation to services
7524:
7510:
7489:
7475:
6867:(AmSat Fox-1, AO-109)
3427:(CO-58, Cubesat XI-V)
1607:(OSCAR 5, AO-5, AO-A)
1403:
1347:
1289:
1231:
1161:
1123:
1084:
1055:
1026:
990:
524:
479:
468:
279:Special event stations
169:Amateur radio operator
144:
21:OSCAR (disambiguation)
10657:Polarization-division
10389:Narinder Singh Kapany
10354:Erna Schneider Hoover
10274:Jagadish Chandra Bose
10254:Alexander Graham Bell
9985:online video platform
9293:Amateur radio station
9078:Frequency allocations
9052:Vintage amateur radio
8977:High-speed telegraphy
7957:5 830–5 850
7926:5 830–5 850
7577:ITU Radio Regulations
7516:
7495:
7481:
7467:
4169:(PEHUENSAT-1, PO-63)
3418:European Space Agency
3094:(SO-50, Saudisat-1C)
2932:(SO-43, Starshine 3)
2847:(SO-42, Saudisat 1B)
2820:(SO-41, Saudisat 1A)
1420:handheld transceivers
1398:
1348:
1290:
1232:
1162:
1124:
1085:
1056:
1027:
1025:{\displaystyle f_{u}}
991:
989:{\displaystyle f_{d}}
888:uplink / 2 m downlink
522:
477:
466:
214:High-speed telegraphy
209:High speed multimedia
199:Frequency allocations
142:
10499:Vladimir K. Zworykin
10459:Almon Brown Strowger
10429:Charles Grafton Page
10084:Prepaid mobile phone
10012:Electrical telegraph
9410:Satellite television
8471:"Es'hail 2 / QO-100"
7990: AMATEUR
7630:frequency allocation
7601:Frequency allocation
7534:) is – according to
7333:United Arab Emirates
7003:Multinational effort
6165:(Satish Dhawan Sat)
5326:United Arab Emirates
3040:(BO-48, IDEFIX CU2)
3013:(BO-47, IDEFIX CU1)
1742:(RadioSkaf-2, RS-2)
1715:(RadioSkaf-1, RS-1)
1412:frequency modulation
1381:Frequency modulation
1302:
1244:
1199:
1138:
1113:
1074:
1045:
1009:
973:
50:improve this article
10449:Johann Philipp Reis
10208:Wireless revolution
10170:The Telephone Cases
10027:Hydraulic telegraph
9795:Trade organizations
9786:Thales Alenia Space
9599:Astra Digital Radio
9592:Broadcast companies
9521:Satellite data unit
7546:(RR) – defined as «
4626:Beacon-Operational
4483:Sumbandila-OSCAR 67
4310:(Yubileiny, RS-30)
3482:Deployment failure
2183:Radio Sputnik 12/13
1913:Radio Sputnik 10/11
1187:Downlink Correction
1184:Change in frequency
1066:original frequency
430:"store-and-forward"
412:linear transponders
10983:Satellites by type
10647:Frequency-division
10624:Telephone exchange
10494:Charles Wheatstone
10424:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
10399:Innocenzo Manzetti
10334:Reginald Fessenden
10069:Optical telegraphy
9902:Telecommunications
9614:Sirius XM Holdings
9505:Parabolic antennas
8864:2015-01-25 at the
8781:on August 23, 2006
7525:
7511:
7490:
7476:
7421:Robert A. Heinlein
6563:Fengtai Shaonian 2
6447:
5682:D-Star ONE Sparrow
5603:(OSCAR 95, AO-95)
5522:(OSCAR 94, LO-94)
5495:(OSCAR 93, LO-93)
5442:(OSCAR 92, AO-92)
5202:(OSCAR 85, AO-85)
4653:2012-04-18 at the
4619:2013-05-28 at the
4374:2012-02-29 at the
4340:2012-10-25 at the
4306:2012-02-29 at the
4196:(Delfi-C3, DO-64)
4167:Pehuensat-OSCAR 63
3928:2011-07-16 at the
3506:(CO-56, Cute-1.7)
3263:2012-02-29 at the
3124:2012-02-29 at the
3038:BreizhSAT-OSCAR 48
3011:BreizhSAT-OSCAR 47
2986:(NO-45, Sapphire)
2930:Starshine-OSCAR 43
2872:Malaysian-OSCAR 46
2712:(UOSAT 12, UO-36)
2562:2012-02-29 at the
2347:(EYESAT-1, AO-27)
1553:(OSCAR 3, EGRS-3)
1404:
1373:computer interface
1343:
1285:
1227:
1190:Uplink Correction
1157:
1119:
1080:
1051:
1022:
986:
959:of the satellite.
570:linear transponder
525:
480:
469:
356:built and used by
249:Portable operation
145:
10960:
10959:
10698:Store and forward
10693:Data transmission
10607:Network switching
10558:Transmission line
10404:Guglielmo Marconi
10369:Internet pioneers
10234:Mohamed M. Atalla
10203:Whistled language
9868:
9867:
9425:Amateur satellite
9362:
9361:
9281:
9280:
8853:AMSAT Corporation
8708:978-0-87259-658-0
8657:"KiwiSAT, Status"
8439:"AMSAT Spotlight"
8342:
8341:
8325:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8296:Amateur-satellite
8263:Amateur-satellite
8228:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8197:Amateur-satellite
8160:Amateur-satellite
8125:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8094:Amateur-satellite
8061:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8032:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8003:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7967:Amateur-satellite
7944:Amateur-satellite
7910:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7881:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7844:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7815:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7786:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7757:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7730:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7544:Radio Regulations
7462:
7461:
6972:
6971:
5606:Semi-Operational
5418:Semi-Operational
5388:01/02 (CAS 4A/B)
4990:Semi-Operational
4860:Non-Operational?
4805:(LUSAT-OSCAR 74)
4279:Semi-Operational
4250:(SEED II, CO-66)
3328:Non-Operational
2962:Semi-Operational
2620:(PAN SAT, PO-34)
2596:Semi-Operational
2532:(TMSAT-1, TO-31)
2431:Semi-Operational
2404:Semi-Operational
2320:(ITAMSAT, IO-26)
2026:Semi-Operational
1864:Semi-Operational
1664:Semi-Operational
1605:Australis-OSCAR 5
1361:relative velocity
1357:
1356:
1338:
1280:
1225:
1179:
1178:
1122:{\displaystyle c}
1083:{\displaystyle v}
1054:{\displaystyle f}
858:
857:
475:
416:store and forward
352:is an artificial
346:
345:
179:Direction finding
126:
125:
118:
100:
10990:
10950:
10949:
10940:
10939:
10930:
10929:
10920:
10919:
10918:
10791:Notable networks
10781:Wireless network
10721:Cellular network
10713:Types of network
10688:Computer network
10575:Network topology
10489:Thomas A. Watson
10344:Oliver Heaviside
10329:Philo Farnsworth
10304:Daniel Davis Jr.
10279:Charles Bourseul
10239:John Logie Baird
9948:Data compression
9943:Computer network
9895:
9888:
9881:
9872:
9871:
9856:
9855:
9844:
9843:
9771:Northrop Grumman
9450:Carriage dispute
9389:
9382:
9375:
9366:
9365:
9106:
9105:
8994:
8972:DX communication
8936:
8929:
8922:
8913:
8912:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8892:
8891:
8890:
8883:
8839:
8837:
8836:
8814:
8812:
8811:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8739:
8737:
8736:
8695:
8690:
8684:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8624:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8604:. 28 June 2017.
8592:
8586:
8585:
8583:
8582:
8576:
8569:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8545:
8538:
8530:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8520:
8505:
8499:
8496:
8490:
8489:
8487:
8486:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8450:
8442:
8434:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8424:
8409:
8403:
8397:
7972:(space-to-Earth)
7949:(space-to-Earth)
7933:(space-to-Earth)
7930:FIXED-SATELLITE
7709:RADIO NAVIGATION
7637:
7636:
7443:
7442:
7435:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7019:
7017:
7016:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6554:
6552:
6551:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6032:(CAS-6, TO-108)
6021:
6019:
6018:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5819:Non-Operational
5806:
5804:
5803:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5498:Non-Operational
5484:
5482:
5481:
5471:Non-Operational
5458:
5456:
5455:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5391:Non-Operational
5377:
5375:
5374:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5257:Non-Operational
5244:
5242:
5241:
5231:Non-Operational
5218:
5216:
5215:
5205:Non-Operational
5191:
5189:
5188:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5151:Non-Operational
5137:
5135:
5134:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5043:Non-Operational
5029:
5027:
5026:
5016:Non-Operational
5012:ARTSAT2-DESPATCH
5003:
5001:
5000:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4966:Non-Operational
4955:
4953:
4952:
4942:Non-Operational
4928:
4926:
4925:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4834:Non-Operational
4821:
4819:
4818:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4713:Non-Operational
4700:
4698:
4697:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4660:Non-Operational
4639:
4637:
4636:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4248:Cubesat-OSCAR 66
4239:
4237:
4236:
4221:Cubesat-OSCAR 65
4212:
4210:
4209:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4145:Non-Operational
4132:
4130:
4129:
4119:Non-Operational
4106:
4104:
4103:
4093:Non-Operational
4080:
4078:
4077:
4067:Non-Operational
4054:
4052:
4051:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3898:(HITSat, HO-59)
3887:
3885:
3884:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3509:Non-Operational
3504:CubeSat-OSCAR 56
3495:
3493:
3492:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3456:Non-Operational
3443:
3441:
3440:
3430:Non-Operational
3425:CubeSat-OSCAR 58
3411:Non-Operational
3406:eXpress-OSCAR 53
3380:
3378:
3377:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3325:, VO-52, VUSat)
3310:
3308:
3307:
3297:Non-Operational
3283:
3281:
3280:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3236:Non-Operational
3223:
3221:
3220:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3184:Non-Operational
3171:
3169:
3168:
3155:(CubeSat-XI-IV)
3153:CubeSat-OSCAR 57
3144:
3142:
3141:
3119:CubeSat-OSCAR 55
3110:
3108:
3107:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3070:Non-Operational
3056:
3054:
3053:
3043:Non-Operational
3029:
3027:
3026:
3016:Non-Operational
3002:
3000:
2999:
2989:Non-Operational
2975:
2973:
2972:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2908:Non-Operational
2894:
2892:
2891:
2881:Non-Operational
2863:
2861:
2860:
2850:Non-Operational
2836:
2834:
2833:
2823:Non-Operational
2809:
2807:
2806:
2796:Non-Operational
2793:(WO-39, JAWSAT)
2782:
2780:
2779:
2769:Non-Operational
2755:
2753:
2752:
2742:Non-Operational
2728:
2726:
2725:
2715:Non-Operational
2701:
2699:
2698:
2688:Non-Operational
2685:(SUNSAT, SO-35)
2674:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2623:Non-Operational
2609:
2607:
2606:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2569:Non-Operational
2548:
2546:
2545:
2535:Non-Operational
2521:
2519:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2458:Non-Operational
2444:
2442:
2441:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2399:Radio Sputnik 15
2390:
2388:
2387:
2377:Non-Operational
2363:
2361:
2360:
2350:Non-Operational
2336:
2334:
2333:
2323:Non-Operational
2309:
2307:
2306:
2296:Non-Operational
2282:
2280:
2279:
2269:Non-Operational
2266:(Arsene, AO-24)
2255:
2253:
2252:
2242:Non-Operational
2228:
2226:
2225:
2215:Non-Operational
2201:
2199:
2198:
2188:Non-Operational
2174:
2172:
2171:
2161:Non-Operational
2147:
2145:
2144:
2134:Non-Operational
2120:
2118:
2117:
2107:Non-Operational
2093:
2091:
2090:
2080:Non-Operational
2066:
2064:
2063:
2053:Non-Operational
2039:
2037:
2036:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1999:Non-Operational
1985:
1983:
1982:
1972:Non-Operational
1958:
1956:
1955:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1918:Non-Operational
1904:
1902:
1901:
1891:Non-Operational
1877:
1875:
1874:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1825:Non-Operational
1811:
1809:
1808:
1798:Non-Operational
1785:
1783:
1782:
1769:(UOSAT 1, UO-9)
1758:
1756:
1755:
1745:Non-Operational
1731:
1729:
1728:
1718:Non-Operational
1704:
1702:
1701:
1691:Non-Operational
1677:
1675:
1674:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1637:Non-Operational
1623:
1621:
1620:
1610:Non-Operational
1596:
1594:
1593:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1556:Non-Operational
1542:
1540:
1539:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1314:
1313:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1256:
1255:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1181:
1180:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1020:
995:
993:
992:
987:
985:
984:
962:
961:
674:
673:
632:Mode designators
586:low Earth orbits
515:Other satellites
476:
418:digital relays.
338:
331:
324:
308:
307:
239:Operating awards
184:DX communication
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
10998:
10997:
10993:
10992:
10991:
10989:
10988:
10987:
10963:
10962:
10961:
10956:
10916:
10914:
10906:
10848:
10785:
10707:
10671:
10628:
10577:
10569:
10510:
10503:
10409:Robert Metcalfe
10264:Tim Berners-Lee
10212:
10032:Information Age
9904:
9899:
9869:
9864:
9832:
9811:
9790:
9766:Lockheed Martin
9739:
9645:AST SpaceMobile
9633:
9587:
9541:Satellite radio
9535:
9516:Satellite modem
9511:Satellite phone
9496:Multi-satellite
9454:
9440:Relay satellite
9415:Satellite radio
9398:
9393:
9363:
9358:
9344:Shortwave radio
9332:
9277:
9258:Spread spectrum
9171:
9150:
9097:
9088:Maritime mobile
9056:
8995:
8986:
8945:
8940:
8910:
8900:
8898:
8888:
8886:
8878:
8866:Wayback Machine
8849:
8844:
8834:
8832:
8823:
8809:
8807:
8798:
8784:
8782:
8773:
8759:
8757:
8748:
8734:
8732:
8723:
8717:
8699:
8698:
8691:
8687:
8679:
8675:
8666:
8664:
8655:
8654:
8650:
8641:
8639:
8626:
8625:
8621:
8611:
8609:
8594:
8593:
8589:
8580:
8578:
8574:
8567:
8563:
8562:
8558:
8549:
8547:
8543:
8536:
8532:
8531:
8527:
8518:
8516:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8497:
8493:
8484:
8482:
8469:
8468:
8464:
8444:
8443:
8435:
8431:
8422:
8420:
8411:
8410:
8406:
8398:
8394:
8389:
8347:
8328:Radio astronomy
8327:
8313:
8294:
8292:
8280:
8261:
8259:
8247:
8231:Radio astronomy
8230:
8216:
8199:
8195:
8193:
8192:RADIO ASTRONOMY
8181:
8164:
8163:Radio astronomy
8162:
8158:
8146:
8129:
8128:Radio astronomy
8127:
8113:
8096:
8092:
8090:
8078:
8049:
8020:
7991:
7965:
7958:
7942:
7927:
7898:
7869:
7832:
7803:
7774:
7745:
7720:
7706:MARITIME MOBILE
7700:
7691:MARITIME MOBILE
7685:
7676:MARITIME MOBILE
7670:
7603:
7588:(article 1.56)
7586:Amateur service
7580:
7567:
7558:amateur service
7509:
7488:
7474:
7458:
7444:
7440:
7433:
7407:
7402:
7391:
7389:
7378:
7376:
7365:
7363:
7352:
7350:
7339:
7337:
7326:
7324:
7313:
7311:
7300:
7298:
7287:
7285:
7274:
7272:
7261:
7259:
7248:
7246:
7235:
7233:
7222:
7220:
7209:
7207:
7196:
7194:
7183:
7181:
7170:
7168:
7157:
7155:
7144:
7142:
7131:
7129:
7118:
7116:
7105:
7103:
7092:
7090:
7079:
7077:
7066:
7064:
7053:
7051:
7040:
7038:
7027:
7025:
7014:
7012:
7005:
7000:
6977:
6960:
6958:
6934:
6932:
6904:
6902:
6878:
6876:
6851:
6849:
6824:
6822:
6798:
6796:
6771:
6769:
6745:
6743:
6719:
6717:
6693:
6691:
6682:
6680:
6656:
6654:
6630:
6628:
6603:
6601:
6576:
6574:
6549:
6547:
6522:
6520:
6496:
6494:
6470:
6468:
6443:
6441:
6416:
6414:
6389:
6387:
6362:
6360:
6336:
6334:
6309:
6307:
6283:
6281:
6256:
6254:
6230:
6228:
6203:
6201:
6176:
6174:
6149:
6147:
6123:
6121:
6096:
6094:
6070:
6068:
6043:
6041:
6016:
6014:
5989:
5987:
5962:
5960:
5935:
5933:
5908:
5906:
5881:
5879:
5854:
5852:
5827:
5825:
5801:
5799:
5774:
5772:
5747:
5745:
5720:
5718:
5708:D-Star ONE iSat
5694:
5692:
5668:
5666:
5641:
5639:
5614:
5612:
5587:
5585:
5560:
5558:
5533:
5531:
5506:
5504:
5479:
5477:
5453:
5451:
5426:
5424:
5399:
5397:
5372:
5370:
5345:
5343:
5319:
5317:
5292:
5290:
5265:
5263:
5239:
5237:
5213:
5211:
5186:
5184:
5159:
5157:
5132:
5130:
5105:
5103:
5078:
5076:
5051:
5049:
5024:
5022:
4998:
4996:
4974:
4972:
4950:
4948:
4923:
4921:
4910:Lituanica SAT-1
4896:
4894:
4868:
4866:
4842:
4840:
4816:
4814:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4777:
4775:
4748:
4746:
4721:
4719:
4695:
4693:
4668:
4666:
4655:Wayback Machine
4634:
4632:
4621:Wayback Machine
4600:
4598:
4574:
4572:
4548:
4546:
4522:
4520:
4496:
4494:
4469:
4467:
4442:
4440:
4416:
4414:
4389:
4387:
4376:Wayback Machine
4355:
4353:
4342:Wayback Machine
4321:
4319:
4308:Wayback Machine
4287:
4285:
4261:
4259:
4234:
4232:
4207:
4205:
4180:
4178:
4153:
4151:
4127:
4125:
4101:
4099:
4075:
4073:
4049:
4047:
4023:
4021:
3996:
3994:
3969:
3967:
3942:
3940:
3930:Wayback Machine
3909:
3907:
3896:HITSat-OSCAR 59
3882:
3880:
3874:Launch Failure
3856:
3854:
3848:Launch Failure
3829:
3827:
3821:Launch Failure
3803:
3801:
3795:Launch Failure
3777:
3775:
3769:Launch Failure
3751:
3749:
3743:Launch Failure
3725:
3723:
3717:Launch Failure
3699:
3697:
3691:Launch Failure
3673:
3671:
3665:Launch Failure
3647:
3645:
3639:Launch Failure
3621:
3619:
3613:Launch Failure
3595:
3593:
3587:Launch Failure
3569:
3567:
3561:Launch Failure
3543:
3541:
3535:Launch Failure
3517:
3515:
3490:
3488:
3464:
3462:
3438:
3436:
3375:
3373:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3336:
3334:
3305:
3303:
3278:
3276:
3265:Wayback Machine
3244:
3242:
3218:
3216:
3192:
3190:
3166:
3164:
3139:
3137:
3126:Wayback Machine
3105:
3103:
3078:
3076:
3051:
3049:
3024:
3022:
2997:
2995:
2970:
2968:
2959:(NO-44, PCSat)
2943:
2941:
2916:
2914:
2889:
2887:
2858:
2856:
2831:
2829:
2804:
2802:
2777:
2775:
2750:
2748:
2723:
2721:
2696:
2694:
2683:Sunsat-OSCAR 35
2669:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2631:
2629:
2618:Pansat-OSCAR 34
2604:
2602:
2591:SEDSat-OSCAR 33
2577:
2575:
2564:Wayback Machine
2557:Gurwin-OSCAR 32
2543:
2541:
2516:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2453:Mexico-OSCAR 30
2439:
2437:
2412:
2410:
2385:
2383:
2358:
2356:
2331:
2329:
2304:
2302:
2291:KitSAT-OSCAR 25
2277:
2275:
2264:Arsene-OSCAR 24
2250:
2248:
2237:KitSAT-OSCAR 23
2223:
2221:
2196:
2194:
2169:
2167:
2142:
2140:
2115:
2113:
2088:
2086:
2061:
2059:
2034:
2032:
2007:
2005:
1980:
1978:
1953:
1951:
1926:
1924:
1899:
1897:
1888:(JAS 1, FO-12)
1872:
1870:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1831:
1806:
1804:
1780:
1778:
1753:
1751:
1740:Radio Sputnik 2
1726:
1724:
1713:Radio Sputnik 1
1699:
1697:
1672:
1670:
1645:
1643:
1618:
1616:
1591:
1589:
1564:
1562:
1537:
1535:
1510:
1508:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1408:low Earth orbit
1393:
1385:single-sideband
1367:. Many modern
1353:
1330:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1272:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1217:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
980:
976:
974:
971:
970:
902:
820:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
634:
603:
598:
582:
566:
517:
500:
471:
461:
455:
450:
342:
229:Maritime mobile
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10996:
10986:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10958:
10957:
10955:
10954:
10944:
10934:
10924:
10911:
10908:
10907:
10905:
10904:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10876:
10875:
10870:
10862:
10856:
10854:
10850:
10849:
10847:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10795:
10793:
10787:
10786:
10784:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10717:
10715:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10679:
10677:
10673:
10672:
10670:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10642:Space-division
10638:
10636:
10630:
10629:
10627:
10626:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10614:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10592:
10587:
10581:
10579:
10571:
10570:
10568:
10567:
10566:
10565:
10555:
10554:
10553:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10532:
10531:
10521:
10515:
10513:
10505:
10504:
10502:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10479:Camille Tissot
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10454:Claude Shannon
10451:
10446:
10444:Tivadar Puskás
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10414:Antonio Meucci
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10384:Charles K. Kao
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10359:Harold Hopkins
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10259:Emile Berliner
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10220:
10218:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10198:Videotelephony
10195:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10183:
10173:
10166:
10161:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10113:
10112:
10111:
10101:
10096:
10094:Radiotelephone
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9998:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9980:Internet video
9972:
9971:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9914:
9912:
9906:
9905:
9898:
9897:
9890:
9883:
9875:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9862:
9850:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9830:
9825:
9819:
9817:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9809:
9804:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9791:
9789:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9747:
9745:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9641:
9639:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9595:
9593:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9549:
9547:
9537:
9536:
9534:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9501:Satellite dish
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9462:
9460:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9430:Ground station
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9406:
9404:
9400:
9399:
9392:
9391:
9384:
9377:
9369:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9340:
9338:
9334:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9289:
9287:
9283:
9282:
9279:
9278:
9276:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9179:
9177:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9112:
9110:
9103:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9064:
9062:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9003:
9001:
8997:
8996:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8953:
8951:
8947:
8946:
8939:
8938:
8931:
8924:
8916:
8909:
8908:
8896:
8876:
8875:
8869:
8856:
8848:
8847:External links
8845:
8843:
8842:
8841:
8840:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8815:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8790:
8768:
8767:
8766:
8765:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8697:
8696:
8685:
8673:
8648:
8619:
8587:
8556:
8525:
8500:
8491:
8477:. 2015-06-05.
8462:
8429:
8404:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8329:
8309:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8269:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8265:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8212:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8089:RADIOLOCATIONY
8074:
8073:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8045:
8044:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8006:
8005:
7983:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7962:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7951:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7846:
7828:
7827:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7770:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7682:
7681:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7644:
7643:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7625:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7595:
7594:(article 1.57)
7566:
7565:Classification
7563:
7550:space stations
7496:
7482:
7468:
7460:
7459:
7447:
7445:
7438:
7432:
7429:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7387:
7374:
7361:
7348:
7335:
7322:
7309:
7296:
7283:
7270:
7257:
7244:
7231:
7218:
7205:
7192:
7179:
7166:
7153:
7140:
7127:
7114:
7101:
7088:
7075:
7062:
7060:United Kingdom
7049:
7036:
7023:
7009:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6987:microsatellite
6976:
6975:In development
6973:
6970:
6969:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6914:
6913:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6861:
6860:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6834:
6833:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6808:
6807:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6781:
6780:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6670:RoseyCubesat-1
6666:
6665:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6640:
6639:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6613:
6612:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6586:
6585:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6559:
6558:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6532:
6531:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6503:Czech Republic
6492:
6489:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6453:
6452:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6426:
6425:
6412:
6409:
6406:
6399:
6398:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6372:
6371:
6369:Czech Republic
6358:
6355:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6319:
6318:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6266:
6265:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6213:
6212:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6186:
6185:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6159:
6158:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6106:
6105:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6053:
6052:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6026:
6025:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6005:(Jinniuzuo-1)
5999:
5998:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5972:
5971:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5945:
5944:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5918:
5917:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5891:
5890:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5864:
5863:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5837:
5836:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5790:(ExseedSat-2)
5784:
5783:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5757:
5756:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5730:
5729:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5651:
5650:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5624:
5623:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5597:
5596:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5570:
5569:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5543:
5542:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5516:
5515:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5489:
5488:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5436:
5435:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5409:
5408:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5382:
5381:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5361:(QB50, LO-90)
5355:
5354:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5302:
5301:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5275:
5274:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5196:
5195:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5169:
5168:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5142:
5141:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5115:
5114:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5088:
5087:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5061:
5060:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5034:
5033:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5008:
5007:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:United Kingdom
4946:
4943:
4940:
4933:
4932:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4906:
4905:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4878:
4877:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4799:
4798:
4784:United Kingdom
4773:
4770:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4731:
4730:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4678:
4677:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4644:
4643:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4623:(XW-1, HO-68)
4610:
4609:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4479:
4478:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4399:
4398:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4365:
4364:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4331:
4330:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4297:
4296:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4244:
4243:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4217:
4216:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:Delfi-OSCAR 64
4190:
4189:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4012:(FCAL, NO-62)
4006:
4005:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3985:(ANDE, NO-61)
3979:
3978:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3958:(RAFT, NO-60)
3952:
3951:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3919:
3918:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:(Mea Huaka'i)
3839:
3838:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3400:International
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:AMSAT-OSCAR 54
3385:
3384:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3358:
3357:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3319:VUSat-OSCAR 52
3315:
3314:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:(Echo, AO-51)
3292:AMSAT-OSCAR 51
3288:
3287:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3267:(Mozhayets 4)
3254:
3253:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3149:
3148:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3115:
3114:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:Saudi-OSCAR 50
3088:
3087:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:AATiS-OSCAR 49
3061:
3060:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3034:
3033:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3007:
3006:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2980:
2979:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2953:
2952:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:AMSAT-OSCAR 40
2899:
2898:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:Saudi-OSCAR 42
2841:
2840:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:Saudi-OSCAR 41
2814:
2813:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:Weber-OSCAR 39
2787:
2786:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2760:
2759:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2733:
2732:
2730:United Kingdom
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:UoSat-OSCAR 36
2706:
2705:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2586:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2553:
2552:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2526:
2525:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2449:
2448:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2422:
2421:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:POSAT-OSCAR 28
2368:
2367:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:AMRAD-OSCAR 27
2341:
2340:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:Italy-OSCAR 26
2314:
2313:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2287:
2286:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2260:
2259:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2230:United Kingdom
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:UoSat-OSCAR 22
2206:
2205:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:AMSAT-OSCAR 21
2152:
2151:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:LUSAT-OSCAR 19
2098:
2097:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:Weber-OSCAR 18
2071:
2070:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:AMSAT-OSCAR 16
2017:
2016:
2014:United Kingdom
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:UOSAT-OSCAR 15
1990:
1989:
1987:United Kingdom
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:UOSAT-OSCAR 14
1963:
1962:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:AMSAT-OSCAR 13
1936:
1935:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1879:United Kingdom
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:UoSat-OSCAR 11
1855:
1854:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:AMSAT-OSCAR 10
1816:
1815:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:United Kingdom
1776:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1681:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1654:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1600:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1574:
1573:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1392:
1389:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1132:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1090:
1079:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1015:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
983:
979:
967:
966:
921:Doppler effect
917:satellite pass
901:
898:
897:
896:
895:
894:
893:
892:
889:
882:
862:
861:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
816:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
756:
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
734:
729:
727:
722:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
680:
678:
633:
630:
602:
599:
597:
594:
581:
578:
565:
562:
535:. (There is a
516:
513:
499:
496:
457:Main article:
454:
451:
449:
446:
344:
343:
341:
340:
333:
326:
318:
315:
314:
313:
312:
299:
298:
297:
296:
294:Vintage radios
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
149:Antenna theory
135:
134:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10995:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10978:Amateur radio
10976:
10974:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10953:
10945:
10943:
10935:
10933:
10925:
10923:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10902:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10865:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10857:
10855:
10851:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10796:
10794:
10792:
10788:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10714:
10710:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10674:
10668:
10667:Code-division
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10652:Time-division
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10635:
10631:
10625:
10622:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10609:
10608:
10605:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10578:and switching
10576:
10572:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10556:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10529:optical fiber
10527:
10526:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10519:Coaxial cable
10517:
10516:
10514:
10512:
10506:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10434:Radia Perlman
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10324:Lee de Forest
10322:
10320:
10319:Thomas Edison
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10309:Donald Davies
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10294:Claude Chappe
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10215:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10171:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10138:Smoke signals
10136:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10117:
10116:Semiconductor
10114:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10058:
10055:
10054:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9977:
9976:
9975:Digital media
9973:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9915:
9913:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9896:
9891:
9889:
9884:
9882:
9877:
9876:
9873:
9861:
9860:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9839:
9838:
9835:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9818:
9814:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9793:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9748:
9746:
9742:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9640:
9636:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9596:
9594:
9590:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9550:
9548:
9546:
9542:
9538:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9506:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9471:Monoblock LNB
9469:
9467:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9457:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9403:Main articles
9401:
9397:
9390:
9385:
9383:
9378:
9376:
9371:
9370:
9367:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9335:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9323:Two-way radio
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9284:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9238:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9218:Hellschreiber
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9153:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9111:
9107:
9104:
9100:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9059:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9002:
8998:
8993:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8954:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8943:Amateur radio
8937:
8932:
8930:
8925:
8923:
8918:
8917:
8914:
8907:
8897:
8895:
8885:
8884:
8881:
8873:
8870:
8867:
8863:
8860:
8859:Project OSCAR
8857:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8831:on 2006-08-31
8830:
8826:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8806:on 2006-08-23
8805:
8801:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8780:
8776:
8772:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8746:
8745:
8744:
8731:on 2006-10-05
8730:
8726:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8719:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8700:
8694:
8689:
8683:
8677:
8662:
8658:
8652:
8637:
8633:
8632:www.amsat.org
8629:
8623:
8607:
8603:
8602:
8597:
8591:
8573:
8566:
8560:
8542:
8535:
8529:
8514:
8510:
8504:
8495:
8480:
8476:
8472:
8466:
8458:
8454:
8448:
8440:
8433:
8418:
8414:
8408:
8402:
8396:
8392:
8384:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8310:
8297:
8291:RADIOLOCATION
8290:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8277:
8264:
8258:RADIOLOCATION
8257:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8244:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8213:
8198:
8191:
8190:
8189:
8188:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8161:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8095:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8075:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8051:
8050:
8046:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8017:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7984:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7961:RADIOLOCATION
7960:
7959:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7938:RADIOLOCATION
7937:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7911:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7895:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7862:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7771:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7742:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7693:
7690:
7687:
7686:
7683:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7642:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7608:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7562:
7560:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7529:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7507:
7503:
7502:Expedition 24
7499:
7498:Doug Wheelock
7494:
7486:
7480:
7472:
7466:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7446:
7437:
7436:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7416:
7411:
7405:Related names
7399:
7388:
7386:
7375:
7373:
7362:
7360:
7349:
7347:
7336:
7334:
7323:
7321:
7310:
7308:
7297:
7295:
7284:
7282:
7271:
7269:
7258:
7256:
7245:
7243:
7232:
7230:
7219:
7217:
7206:
7204:
7193:
7191:
7180:
7178:
7167:
7165:
7154:
7152:
7141:
7139:
7128:
7126:
7115:
7113:
7102:
7100:
7089:
7087:
7076:
7074:
7063:
7061:
7050:
7048:
7037:
7035:
7024:
7022:
7021:United States
7011:
7010:
7008:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6978:
6968:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6911:United States
6901:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6885:United States
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6806:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6753:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6690:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6644:INSPIRE-Sat 7
6642:
6641:
6638:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6619:(APRSDP-BTN)
6618:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6317:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:United States
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5942:United States
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:United States
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:United States
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5621:United States
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:United States
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:United States
5423:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:United States
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:United States
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:United States
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5006:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:United States
4839:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4785:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:United States
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:United States
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:Hope Oscar 68
4612:
4611:
4608:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4476:United States
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:United States
4439:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4231:
4228:
4226:Operational?
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:United States
4150:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:United States
4124:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:United States
4098:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:United States
4046:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:United States
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4010:Navy-OSCAR 62
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:United States
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3983:Navy-OSCAR 61
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:United States
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3956:Navy-OSCAR 60
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:United States
3939:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:United States
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:United States
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:United States
3774:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:United States
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:United States
3696:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:United States
3670:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:United States
3644:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:United States
3618:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:United States
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:United States
3540:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:United States
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3344:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3312:United States
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:United States
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:Navy-OSCAR 45
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:United States
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:Navy-OSCAR 44
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:United States
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:United States
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:United States
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:United States
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:OPAL-OSCAR 38
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:United States
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2665:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:United States
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:United States
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2512:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2474:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:Fuji-OSCAR 29
2424:
2423:
2420:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:United States
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:Fuji-OSCAR 20
2127:
2126:
2123:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:United States
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:Dove-OSCAR 17
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:United States
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:Fuji-OSCAR 12
1884:
1883:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1841:
1840:United States
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:UoSat-OSCAR 9
1765:
1764:
1761:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:United States
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:AMSAT-OSCAR 8
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:United States
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:AMSAT-OSCAR 7
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:United States
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:AMSAT-OSCAR 6
1630:
1629:
1626:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:United States
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:United States
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:United States
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:United States
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1441:chronological
1435:Past launches
1427:
1425:
1422:using manual
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1391:FM satellites
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1133:
1130:
1116:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1004:
1000:
981:
977:
969:
968:
964:
963:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
923:. While the
922:
918:
914:
911:
907:
900:Doppler shift
890:
887:
883:
880:
876:
872:
871:
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:3.4 GHz
841:
839:2.4 GHz
838:
836:1.2 GHz
835:
833:435 MHz
832:
830:145 MHz
829:
826:
823:
818:
817:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
758:
757:
753:
749:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
686:
683:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
670:
669:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
629:
627:
623:
619:
616:
612:
608:
593:
591:
587:
577:
576:connections.
575:
571:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
538:
534:
530:
521:
512:
509:
505:
495:
493:
489:
488:Discoverer 36
485:
465:
460:
445:
443:
439:
433:
431:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
366:amateur radio
363:
359:
355:
351:
339:
334:
332:
327:
325:
320:
319:
317:
316:
311:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
254:QRP operation
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:Amateur radio
130:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
10634:Multiplexing
10509:Transmission
10474:Nikola Tesla
10464:Henry Sutton
10419:Samuel Morse
10349:Robert Hooke
10314:Amos Dolbear
10249:John Bardeen
10168:
10148:Telautograph
10052:Mobile phone
10007:Edholm's law
9990:social media
9923:Broadcasting
9858:
9846:
9685:Intersputnik
9609:Dish Network
9424:
9328:Transceivers
9317:
9286:Technologies
9233:Packet radio
9176:Data/Digital
8833:. Retrieved
8829:the original
8808:. Retrieved
8804:the original
8783:. Retrieved
8779:the original
8758:. Retrieved
8733:. Retrieved
8729:the original
8692:
8688:
8681:
8676:
8665:. Retrieved
8651:
8640:. Retrieved
8631:
8622:
8610:. Retrieved
8599:
8590:
8579:. Retrieved
8559:
8548:. Retrieved
8528:
8517:. Retrieved
8503:
8494:
8483:. Retrieved
8474:
8465:
8432:
8421:. Retrieved
8407:
8400:
8395:
8382:
8357:
8348:
8324:
8295:
8262:
8227:
8196:
8159:
8124:
8093:
8060:
8031:
8002:
7971:
7966:
7948:
7943:
7909:
7880:
7843:
7814:
7785:
7756:
7729:
7699:135.7–137.8
7684:135.7–137.8
7666:135.7–137.8
7640:
7611:
7606:
7604:
7591:
7576:
7570:
7568:
7547:
7536:Article 1.57
7535:
7531:
7527:
7526:
7484:
7452:
7448:
7413:
7408:
7255:Saudi Arabia
7229:South Africa
7006:
6980:
6926:Operational
6896:Operational
6870:Operational
6816:Operational
6790:Operational
6763:Operational
6711:Operational
6686:
6674:Operational
6622:Operational
6595:Operational
6568:Operational
6541:Operational
6488:Operational
6408:Operational
6381:Operational
6354:Operational
6328:Operational
6301:Operational
6248:Operational
6115:Operational
6062:Operational
6035:Operational
5712:Operational
5686:Operational
5660:Operational
5633:Operational
5579:Operational
5552:Operational
5525:Operational
5178:Operational
5124:Operational
5092:ParkinsonSAT
4808:Operational
4769:Operational
4592:Operational
4566:Operational
4540:Operational
4526:
4514:Operational
4503:South Africa
4381:Operational
4347:Operational
4313:Operational
4253:Operational
3270:Operational
3158:Operational
3131:Operational
3112:Saudi Arabia
3097:Operational
2865:Saudi Arabia
2838:Saudi Arabia
2737:ASU-OSCAR 37
2703:South Africa
2203:Soviet Union
2176:Soviet Union
1960:West Germany
1933:Soviet Union
1852:West Germany
1813:Soviet Union
1760:Soviet Union
1733:Soviet Union
1468:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1406:A number of
1405:
1400:Yagi antenna
1369:transceivers
1358:
952:
948:
944:
940:
932:
928:
903:
863:
854:47 GHz
851:24 GHz
848:10 GHz
827:29 MHz
824:21 MHz
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
664:
656:
648:
644:
635:
622:Packet radio
604:
583:
574:packet radio
567:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
526:
501:
481:
434:
420:
400:packet radio
394:) and data (
385:
376:
372:
370:
349:
347:
263:
244:Packet radio
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
10834:NPL network
10546:Radio waves
10484:Alfred Vail
10394:Hedy Lamarr
10379:Dawon Kahng
10339:Elisha Gray
10299:Yogen Dalal
10224:Nasir Ahmed
10158:Teleprinter
10022:Heliographs
9695:SED Systems
9629:1worldspace
9445:Transponder
9022:DX-pedition
8982:Homebrewing
8906:Spaceflight
7628:Example of
7385:Philippines
7307:Netherlands
7164:South Korea
6955:2024-08-29
6929:2024-08-16
6899:2024-07-04
6873:2024-04-24
6846:2024-03-23
6819:2024-03-04
6793:2023-11-11
6766:2023-11-11
6752:Philippines
6740:2023-07-19
6714:2023-04-15
6689:Switzerland
6677:2023-04-15
6651:2023-04-15
6625:2023-02-10
6598:2022-11-12
6571:2022-12-09
6544:2022-07-13
6517:2022-05-25
6491:2022-05-25
6465:2022-01-13
6438:2022-01-13
6411:2022-01-13
6384:2022-01-13
6357:2022-01-03
6331:2021-12-26
6323:CAMSAT XW-3
6304:2021-08-17
6278:2021-06-03
6251:2021-03-22
6225:2021-03-22
6198:2021-03-22
6171:2021-02-28
6144:2021-01-24
6118:2020-09-02
6091:2020-07-03
6065:2019-12-26
6038:2019-12-20
6011:2019-12-09
5984:2019-12-06
5957:2019-12-06
5930:2019-11-02
5903:2019-06-25
5876:2019-06-25
5849:2019-07-25
5822:2019-05-12
5815:AztechSat 1
5796:2019-04-01
5769:2019-01-18
5742:2019-01-18
5715:2018-12-27
5689:2018-12-27
5663:2018-12-03
5636:2018-12-03
5628:ExseedSat-1
5609:2018-12-03
5582:2018-11-15
5567:Philippines
5555:2018-10-29
5528:2018-05-20
5501:2018-05-20
5486:South Korea
5474:2018-03-12
5448:2017-01-12
5421:2017-11-18
5394:2017-06-15
5367:2017-04-18
5340:2016-12-09
5314:2017-02-15
5287:2016-05-30
5260:2016-02-17
5234:2016-02-17
5208:2015-10-08
5181:2015-09-28
5154:2015-09-19
5127:2015-09-19
5100:2015-05-20
5073:2015-05-20
5067:(OSCAR 83)
5046:2014-12-03
5019:2014-12-03
4993:2014-07-19
4969:2014-07-19
4945:2014-07-08
4918:2014-02-27
4891:2014-02-27
4875:Netherlands
4863:2013-11-21
4837:2013-11-21
4811:2013-11-21
4796:Netherlands
4772:2013-11-21
4743:2013-11-20
4716:2013-05-07
4690:2012-02-13
4663:2011-10-28
4629:2009-12-15
4595:2009-09-23
4569:2009-09-23
4543:2009-09-23
4529:Switzerland
4517:2009-09-23
4491:2009-09-17
4464:2009-07-30
4437:2009-07-30
4411:2009-01-23
4384:2009-01-23
4350:2009-01-23
4316:2008-05-23
4282:2008-04-28
4256:2008-04-28
4229:2008-04-28
4214:Netherlands
4202:2008-04-28
4175:2007-10-01
4148:2007-04-17
4122:2007-04-17
4096:2007-04-17
4070:2007-04-17
4044:2007-03-09
4037:FalconSAT-3
4018:2006-12-21
3991:2006-12-21
3964:2006-12-21
3937:2006-12-16
3904:2006-09-22
3877:2006-07-26
3851:2006-07-26
3824:2006-07-26
3798:2006-07-26
3772:2006-07-26
3746:2006-07-26
3720:2006-07-26
3694:2006-07-26
3668:2006-07-26
3642:2006-07-26
3616:2006-07-26
3602:South Korea
3590:2006-07-26
3564:2006-07-26
3538:2006-07-26
3512:2006-02-21
3485:2005-10-27
3459:2005-10-27
3433:2005-10-27
3414:2005-10-27
3397:2005-09-08
3370:2005-08-03
3355:Netherlands
3331:2005-05-05
3300:2004-06-28
3273:2003-09-27
3239:2003-06-30
3232:AAU Cubesat
3213:2003-06-30
3187:2003-06-30
3161:2003-06-30
3134:2003-06-30
3100:2002-12-20
3073:2002-12-20
3046:2002-05-04
3019:2002-05-04
2992:2001-09-30
2965:2001-09-30
2938:2001-09-30
2911:2000-11-16
2884:2000-09-26
2853:2000-09-26
2826:2000-09-26
2799:2000-01-27
2772:2000-01-27
2745:2000-01-27
2718:1999-04-21
2691:1999-02-23
2652:1997-11-03
2626:1998-10-29
2599:1998-10-24
2572:1998-07-10
2538:1998-07-10
2499:1997-11-03
2461:1996-09-05
2434:1996-08-17
2407:1994-12-26
2380:1993-09-26
2353:1993-09-26
2326:1993-09-26
2311:South Korea
2299:1993-09-26
2272:1993-05-12
2257:South Korea
2245:1992-08-10
2218:1991-07-17
2191:1991-02-05
2164:1991-01-29
2137:1990-02-07
2110:1990-01-22
2083:1990-01-22
2056:1990-01-22
2029:1990-01-22
2002:1990-01-22
1975:1990-01-22
1948:1988-06-15
1921:1987-06-23
1894:1986-08-12
1867:1984-03-01
1828:1983-06-16
1801:1981-12-17
1775:1981-10-06
1748:1978-10-26
1721:1978-10-26
1694:1978-03-05
1667:1974-11-15
1640:1972-10-15
1613:1970-01-23
1586:1965-12-21
1559:1965-03-09
1532:1962-06-02
1505:1961-12-12
913:frequencies
845:5 GHz
677:Designator
504:Radio Shack
423:transponder
189:DX-pedition
10967:Categories
10880:Antarctica
10839:Toasternet
10761:Television
10244:Paul Baran
10176:Television
10160:(teletype)
10153:Telegraphy
10131:transistor
10109:Phryctoria
10079:Photophone
10057:Smartphone
10047:Mass media
9660:Globalstar
9155:Television
9061:Governance
9047:Radiosport
8967:Contesting
8950:Activities
8835:2006-09-07
8810:2006-09-05
8785:2006-09-05
8760:2006-09-05
8735:2006-09-05
8667:2019-12-11
8642:2021-04-19
8581:2020-04-27
8550:2020-04-27
8519:2019-01-31
8485:2019-06-22
8423:2017-10-20
8387:References
7986:10.5–10.6
7554:satellites
6865:RadFxSat-2
6510:ForeSail 1
6484:Planetum-1
5922:HuskySat-1
5734:OrigamiSat
5601:Fox-1Cliff
5359:LilacSat-1
5253:CHUBUSAT-3
5119:LilacSat-2
4939:(UKube-1)
4856:DELFI-N3XT
4648:AubieSat-1
4063:Libertad-1
3635:ICE Cube 2
3609:ICE Cube 1
2876:TIUNGSAT-1
2645:Sputnik 41
2492:Sputnik 40
1580:(OSCAR 4)
1526:(OSCAR 2)
1499:(OSCAR 1)
1371:include a
821:(General)
609:voice and
596:Operations
368:stations.
289:Television
264:Satellites
234:Morse code
174:Contesting
164:Call signs
106:April 2016
76:newspapers
10864:Americas
10853:Locations
10824:Internet2
10585:Bandwidth
10289:Vint Cerf
10186:streaming
10164:Telephone
10104:Semaphore
9995:streaming
9466:SAT>IP
9318:Satellite
9093:Licensing
8612:18 August
8570:. AMSAT.
8539:. AMSAT.
8511:. AMSAT.
7607:Article 5
7552:on earth
7425:Sputnik 1
7320:Indonesia
7099:Argentina
7034:Australia
6989:built by
6787:(SO-121)
6536:GreenCube
6430:SanoSat-1
6290:Mauritius
6270:MIR-Sat 1
6237:Argentina
6057:DOSAAF-85
6030:Tianqin-1
5924:(HO-107)
5868:BricSat-2
5574:Es'hail 2
5299:Argentina
5193:Indonesia
5121:(CAS-3H)
5065:BRICSat-P
5038:Shin’en-2
4937:FunCube-2
4930:Lithuania
4823:Argentina
4803:CubeBug-2
4762:FUNcube-1
4709:ESTCube-1
4510:SwissCube
4458:(BEVO-1)
4430:Aggiesat2
4378:(KISEKI)
4344:(HITOMI)
4275:COMPASS-1
4187:Argentina
3923:GeneSat-1
3364:(PCSAT2)
3128:(Cute-1)
2122:Argentina
1625:Australia
1551:OSCAR III
1488:Launched
1328:−
1215:×
1203:Δ
1145:×
937:satellite
925:satellite
877:uplink /
819:Frequency
655:band and
588:and into
508:QSL cards
484:Sputnik I
414:, and as
408:repeaters
354:satellite
10932:Category
10819:Internet
10809:CYCLADES
10726:Ethernet
10676:Concepts
10600:terminal
10551:wireless
10374:Bob Kahn
10217:Pioneers
10042:Internet
9933:Cable TV
9847:Category
9715:Starlink
9710:Star One
9680:Intelsat
9675:Inmarsat
9665:Hispasat
9655:Eutelsat
9650:EchoStar
9526:Spacebus
9459:Hardware
9208:EchoLink
9037:QSL card
8872:Work-Sat
8862:Archived
8754:Archived
8661:Archived
8636:Archived
8606:Archived
8572:Archived
8541:Archived
8513:Archived
8479:Archived
8475:AMSAT-UK
8447:cite web
8417:Archived
7864:28–29.7
7649:Region 1
7485:OSCAR 10
7294:Colombia
7242:Malaysia
7216:Thailand
7151:Portugal
7112:Pakistan
6991:AMSAT-ZL
6843:Decayed
6812:SONATE-2
6778:Slovakia
6759:Veronika
6737:Decayed
6590:XiWang-4
6514:Failure
6462:Decayed
6435:Decayed
6275:Decayed
6263:Slovakia
6244:GRBAlpha
6222:Decayed
6195:Decayed
6168:Decayed
6137:UVSQ-Sat
6088:Decayed
6059:(RS-44)
6008:Decayed
6003:Taurus-1
5981:Decayed
5954:Decayed
5927:Decayed
5900:Decayed
5873:Decayed
5846:Decayed
5793:Decayed
5766:Decayed
5739:Decayed
5547:Diwata-2
5445:Decayed
5386:ZHUHAI-1
5364:Decayed
5337:Decayed
5311:Decayed
5308:(EO-88)
5284:Decayed
5227:HORYU-IV
5175:(IO-86)
5173:Lapan-A2
5148:(CAS-3)
5097:Decayed
5070:Decayed
5040:(FO-82)
4915:Decayed
4912:(LO-78)
4888:Decayed
4885:(CO-77)
4764:(AO-73)
4740:Decayed
4737:(LO-75)
4687:Decayed
4684:(MO-72)
4657:(AO-71)
4651:Archived
4617:Archived
4536:ITUpSAT1
4488:Decayed
4461:Decayed
4456:PARADIGM
4434:Decayed
4408:Unknown
4405:(KUKAI)
4372:Archived
4338:Archived
4304:Archived
4199:Decayed
4172:Decayed
4082:Colombia
4041:Decayed
4015:Decayed
3988:Decayed
3961:Decayed
3934:Decayed
3926:Archived
3901:Decayed
3583:HAUSAT 1
3531:K7RR-Sat
3394:Decayed
3367:Decayed
3261:Archived
3210:Decayed
3122:Archived
2935:Decayed
2896:Malaysia
2874:(MO-46,
2649:Decayed
2560:Archived
2550:Thailand
2496:Decayed
2392:Portugal
1945:Decayed
1772:Decayed
1583:Decayed
1578:OSCAR IV
1529:Decayed
1524:OSCAR II
1502:Decayed
1491:Country
1430:Launches
1365:software
957:velocity
910:downlink
884:Mode B:
881:downlink
873:Mode A:
661:downlink
641:downlink
564:Hardware
533:CubeSats
498:OSCAR 10
310:Category
284:Stations
269:Software
259:QSL card
219:Homebrew
10952:Commons
10942:Outline
10895:Oceania
10814:FidoNet
10799:ARPANET
10612:circuit
10181:digital
9910:History
9859:Commons
9730:Turksat
9720:Telesat
9690:Iridium
9624:Allente
9604:DirecTV
9578:ISDB-S3
9573:DVB-S2X
9563:DVB-RCS
9337:Related
9268:WIRES-X
9027:Hamfest
9007:History
9000:Culture
8880:Portals
8293:Amateur
8260:Amateur
8194:Amateur
8157:Amateur
8091:Amateur
7964:Amateur
7941:Amateur
7712:Amateur
7694:Amateur
7679:Amateur
7538:of the
7530:(also:
7518:FASTRAC
7471:OSCAR 1
7410:SuitSat
7398:Hungary
7268:Germany
6982:KiwiSAT
6952:Future
6941:Germany
6892:MESAT-1
6838:Kashiwa
6831:Germany
6785:HADES-D
6648:Rarely
6529:Finland
6376:EASAT-2
6350:BDSat-2
6210:Hungary
6141:Rarely
5996:Hungary
5969:Hungary
5788:AISAT-1
5727:Germany
5701:Germany
5520:DSLWP-B
5493:DSLWP-A
5306:Nayif-1
5279:ÑuSat-1
5005:Belgium
4987:QB50P2
4981:Belgium
4883:INVADER
4881:ARTSAT
4830:$ 50SAT
4728:Estonia
4702:Hungary
4682:Masat-1
4607:Germany
4581:Germany
4294:Germany
3843:Voyager
3739:nCUBE 1
3687:KUTESat
3478:NCube-2
3471:Germany
3251:Denmark
3225:Denmark
3085:Germany
1485:Status
1469:country
1424:doppler
1167:
965:Where:
659:is the
651:is the
459:OSCAR 1
453:OSCAR 1
448:History
427:digital
274:Skywarn
204:Hamfest
90:scholar
10890:Europe
10860:Africa
10844:Usenet
10804:BITNET
10741:Mobile
10617:packet
10126:MOSFET
10121:device
9918:Beacon
9776:SpaceX
9756:Boeing
9751:Airbus
9735:Viasat
9725:Tooway
9670:Hughes
9619:Sky UK
9568:DVB-S2
9553:DVB-SH
9476:DiSEqC
9349:Q code
9243:PACTOR
9203:DAPNET
9198:D-STAR
9121:DSB-SC
9042:Q code
9017:Awards
8706:
7542:(ITU)
7508:, 2010
7487:, 1983
7473:, 1961
7395:
7382:
7372:Jordan
7369:
7356:
7343:
7330:
7317:
7304:
7291:
7278:
7265:
7252:
7239:
7226:
7213:
7203:Israel
7200:
7190:Mexico
7187:
7174:
7161:
7148:
7138:France
7135:
7125:Russia
7122:
7109:
7096:
7086:Brazil
7083:
7070:
7057:
7044:
7031:
7018:
6964:
6948:SAKURA
6938:
6908:
6882:
6855:
6828:
6802:
6775:
6749:
6733:MAYA-6
6726:Taiwan
6723:
6707:IRIS-C
6700:Monaco
6697:
6663:France
6660:
6637:Bhutan
6634:
6617:EOS–07
6607:
6580:
6553:
6526:
6500:
6477:Israel
6474:
6420:
6393:
6366:
6340:
6313:
6297:LEDSAT
6287:
6260:
6234:
6207:
6190:SMOG-1
6180:
6156:France
6153:
6127:
6112:(ISS)
6100:
6084:BY70-2
6077:Russia
6074:
6047:
6020:
5993:
5966:
5949:SMOG-P
5939:
5912:
5895:PSAT-2
5885:
5858:
5841:CAS-7B
5834:Mexico
5831:
5805:
5778:
5751:
5724:
5698:
5675:Jordan
5672:
5655:JY1Sat
5645:
5618:
5591:
5564:
5537:
5510:
5483:
5457:
5440:Fox-1D
5430:
5413:Fox-1B
5403:
5376:
5349:
5323:
5296:
5269:
5243:
5217:
5200:Fox-1A
5190:
5163:
5136:
5109:
5082:
5055:
5028:
5002:
4978:
4954:
4927:
4900:
4872:
4846:
4820:
4793:
4781:
4752:
4735:CAPE 2
4725:
4699:
4672:
4638:
4604:
4588:BEESAT
4578:
4555:Turkey
4552:
4500:
4473:
4446:
4420:
4393:
4369:KKS-1
4359:
4335:PRISM
4328:Russia
4325:
4301:RS-30
4291:
4265:
4238:
4211:
4184:
4157:
4131:
4105:
4089:CAPE-1
4079:
4053:
4027:
4000:
3973:
3946:
3913:
3886:
3870:PicPot
3860:
3833:
3807:
3791:SACRED
3781:
3765:RINCON
3758:Norway
3755:
3729:
3713:MEROPE
3703:
3677:
3651:
3625:
3599:
3573:
3547:
3521:
3497:Norway
3494:
3468:
3442:
3379:
3362:PCSat2
3352:
3340:
3323:HAMSAT
3309:
3285:Russia
3282:
3248:
3222:
3206:DTUSat
3199:Canada
3196:
3180:CanX-1
3170:
3143:
3109:
3082:
3058:France
3055:
3031:France
3028:
3001:
2974:
2947:
2920:
2893:
2862:
2835:
2808:
2781:
2754:
2727:
2700:
2676:Russia
2673:
2664:France
2661:
2635:
2608:
2584:Israel
2581:
2547:
2523:Russia
2520:
2511:France
2508:
2485:Russia
2482:
2473:Mexico
2470:
2443:
2419:Russia
2416:
2389:
2362:
2335:
2308:
2284:France
2281:
2254:
2227:
2200:
2173:
2146:
2119:
2092:
2068:Brazil
2065:
2038:
2011:
1984:
1957:
1930:
1903:
1876:
1849:
1837:
1810:
1784:
1757:
1730:
1703:
1676:
1649:
1622:
1595:
1568:
1541:
1514:
1452:orange
953:higher
941:higher
933:higher
929:higher
906:uplink
808:1.2 cm
653:uplink
647:where
637:Uplink
626:PSK-31
624:) and
580:Orbits
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
10873:South
10868:North
10829:JANET
10766:Telex
10756:Radio
10595:Nodes
10590:Links
10511:media
10089:Radio
10074:Pager
10002:Drums
9968:video
9963:image
9953:audio
9816:Lists
9761:INVAP
9558:S-DMB
9481:USALS
9193:AMTOR
9109:Voice
8894:Radio
8715:Notes
8601:AMSAT
8575:(PDF)
8568:(PDF)
8544:(PDF)
8537:(PDF)
8358:5.282
7703:FIXED
7688:FIXED
7673:FIXED
7569:This
7359:Qatar
7346:China
7281:India
7177:Italy
7073:Japan
7047:Spain
6998:Facts
6967:Japan
6858:Japan
6805:Spain
6610:China
6583:China
6556:Italy
6457:Tevel
6450:Nepal
6423:Spain
6403:HADES
6396:Spain
6343:China
6316:Italy
6217:DIY-1
6183:India
6163:SDSAT
6103:China
6050:China
6023:China
5976:ATL-1
5861:China
5808:India
5781:Japan
5761:NEXUS
5754:Japan
5648:India
5594:Qatar
5540:China
5513:China
5467:K2SAT
5406:China
5379:China
5352:Japan
5333:ITF 2
5272:Japan
5246:Japan
5166:China
5139:China
5058:Japan
5031:Japan
4903:Japan
4641:China
4562:UWE-2
4423:Japan
4403:STARS
4396:Japan
4362:Japan
4268:Japan
4241:Japan
3916:Japan
3889:Italy
3836:Japan
3817:SEEDS
3524:Japan
3452:UWE-1
3445:Japan
3343:India
3258:RS-22
3173:Japan
3146:Japan
2446:Japan
2338:Italy
2149:Japan
1906:Japan
1497:OSCAR
1482:Name
1464:black
1446:Green
949:lower
945:lower
886:70 cm
788:13 cm
783:23 cm
778:70 cm
759:Band
615:AX.25
529:JAS-1
442:AMSAT
438:AMSAT
410:, as
396:AX.25
381:AMSAT
373:OSCAR
97:JSTOR
83:books
10885:Asia
10771:UUCP
10731:ISDN
9303:IRLP
9263:C4FM
9253:RTTY
9237:APRS
9228:MFSK
9167:SSTV
8957:ARDF
8704:ISBN
8614:2015
8457:link
8453:link
6985:- A
6922:QUBE
6918:KUBE
6840:(柏)
6459:1-8
5146:XW-2
908:and
879:10 m
813:6 mm
803:3 cm
798:5 cm
793:9 cm
768:10 m
763:15 m
639:and
404:APRS
69:news
10776:WAN
10746:NGN
10736:LAN
10017:Fax
9958:DCT
9781:SSL
9700:SES
9313:SDR
9308:QRP
9273:DMR
9248:PSK
9223:DMT
9213:FT8
9188:ALE
9162:ATV
9136:AME
9131:SSB
9126:ISB
7988:GHz
7866:MHz
7668:kHz
7561:.»
7506:ISS
7419:by
4141:CP4
4115:CP3
3661:ION
3557:CP2
1458:Red
1175:).
875:2 m
773:2 m
665:X/y
645:X/Y
618:FSK
611:SSB
539:).
392:SSB
348:An
52:by
10969::
9545:TV
9543:/
9183:CW
9146:PM
9141:FM
9116:AM
8659:.
8634:.
8630:.
8598:.
8473:.
8449:}}
8445:{{
8415:.
2878:)
1149:10
724:S2
628:.
607:FM
592:.
440:.
402:,
398:,
390:,
388:FM
10903:)
10899:(
9894:e
9887:t
9880:v
9507:)
9503:(
9388:e
9381:t
9374:v
9239:)
9235:(
8935:e
8928:t
8921:v
8882::
8838:.
8813:.
8788:.
8763:.
8738:.
8710:.
8670:.
8645:.
8616:.
8584:.
8553:.
8522:.
8488:.
8459:)
8426:.
7457:.
7417:,
6920:/
3321:(
2666:/
2513:/
1341:)
1336:c
1333:v
1325:1
1322:(
1319:f
1316:=
1311:u
1307:f
1283:)
1278:c
1275:v
1270:+
1267:1
1264:(
1261:f
1258:=
1253:d
1249:f
1223:c
1220:v
1212:f
1209:=
1206:f
1173:s
1171:/
1169:m
1153:8
1142:3
1131:=
1117:c
1103:.
1101:s
1099:/
1097:m
1092:=
1078:v
1063:=
1049:f
1034:=
1018:u
1014:f
998:=
982:d
978:f
752:R
745:K
738:X
731:C
717:S
710:L
703:U
696:V
689:A
682:H
657:Y
649:X
620:(
337:e
330:t
323:v
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
