Alzheimer's disease

2674:(studies where a disease-free population is followed over the years) provide rates between 10 and 15 per thousand person-years for all dementias and 5–8 for AD, which means that half of new dementia cases each year are Alzheimer's disease. Advancing age is a primary risk factor for the disease and incidence rates are not equal for all ages: every 5 years after the age of 65, the risk of acquiring the disease approximately doubles, increasing from 3 to as much as 69 per thousand person years. Females with AD are more common than males, but this difference is likely due to women's longer life spans. When adjusted for age, both sexes are affected by Alzheimer's at equal rates. In the United States, the risk of dying from AD in 2010 was 26% higher among the non-Hispanic white population than among the non-Hispanic black population, and the Hispanic population had a 30% lower risk than the non-Hispanic white population. However, much AD research remains to be done in minority groups, such as the 2598: 563: 1963:

results. Epidemiological studies have proposed relationships between an individual's likelihood of developing AD and modifiable factors, such as medications, lifestyle, and diet. There are some challenges in determining whether interventions for AD act as a primary prevention method, preventing the disease itself, or a secondary prevention method, identifying the early stages of the disease. These challenges include duration of intervention, different stages of disease at which intervention begins, and lack of standardization of inclusion criteria regarding biomarkers specific for AD. Further research is needed to determine factors that can help prevent AD.

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Alzheimer's disease can be diagnosed if the individual has genetic evidence of AD or if two or more acquired cognitive deficits, and a functional disability that is not from another disorder, are present. Otherwise, possible AD can be diagnosed as the diagnosis follows an atypical route. For mild neurocognitive disorder due to AD, probable Alzheimer's disease can be diagnosed if there is genetic evidence, whereas possible AD can be met if all of the following are present: no genetic evidence, decline in both learning and memory, two or more cognitive deficits, and a functional disability not from another disorder.

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stages describe individuals experiencing symptoms. The core clinical criteria for MCI is used along with identification of biomarkers, predominantly those for neuronal injury (mainly tau-related) and amyloid beta deposition. The core clinical criteria itself rests on the presence of cognitive impairment without the presence of comorbidities. The third stage is divided into probable and possible AD dementia. In probable AD dementia there is steady impairment of cognition over time and a memory-related or non-memory-related cognitive dysfunction. In possible AD dementia, another causal disease such as

1278: 2889: 2397:. A Cochrane review has found no evidence that this is effective. Reminiscence therapy (RT) involves the discussion of past experiences individually or in group, many times with the aid of photographs, household items, music and sound recordings, or other familiar items from the past. A 2018 review of the effectiveness of RT found that effects were inconsistent, small in size and of doubtful clinical significance, and varied by setting. Simulated presence therapy (SPT) is based on 2700: 1947: 1847: 787: 1447: 1438: 1429: 2115: 2691:

5.3% for those in the 60–74 age group, with the rate increasing to 13.8% in the 74–84 group and to 34.6% in those greater than 85. Prevalence rates in some less developed regions around the globe are lower. Both the prevalence and incidence rates of AD are steadily increasing, however the prevalence rate is estimated to triple by 2050 reaching 152 million, compared to the 50 million people with AD globally in 2020.

1668: 1041: 2094:, leading to an overexpression or under expression of specific genes. Although the relationship of stress and AD is unclear, strategies to reduce stress and relax the mind may be helpful strategies in preventing the progression or Alzheimer's disease. Meditation, for instance, is a helpful lifestyle change to support cognition and well-being, though further research is needed to assess long-term effects. 2135: 70: 15906: 15830: 1873:(MoCA) and the Mini-Cog are widely used to aid in diagnosis of the cognitive impairments in AD. These tests may not always be accurate, as they lack sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment, and can be biased by language or attention problems; more comprehensive test arrays are necessary for high reliability of results, particularly in the earliest stages of the disease. 1396:. Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau which has become hyperphosphorylated and accumulate inside the cells themselves. Although many older individuals develop some plaques and tangles as a consequence of aging, the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease have a greater number of them in specific brain regions such as the 2939:. Regarding economic problems, family caregivers often give up time from work to spend 47 hours per week on average with the person with Alzheimer's disease, while the costs of caring for them are high. Direct and indirect costs of caring for somebody with Alzheimer's average between $ 18,000 and $ 77,500 per year in the United States, depending on the study. 1027:

risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. This mutation accelerates Aβ oligomerization but the proteins do not form the amyloid fibrils that aggregate into amyloid plaques, suggesting that it is the Aβ oligomerization rather than the fibrils that may be the cause of this disease. Mice expressing this mutation have all the usual pathologies of Alzheimer's disease.

2416:. Reality orientation consists of the presentation of information about time, place, or person to ease the understanding of the person about its surroundings and his or her place in them. On the other hand, cognitive retraining tries to improve impaired capacities by exercising mental abilities. Both have shown some efficacy improving cognitive capacities. 2924:

social, psychological, physical, or economic aspects. Home care is usually preferred by both those people with Alzheimer's disease as well as their families. This option also delays or eliminates the need for more professional and costly levels of care. Nevertheless, two-thirds of nursing home residents have dementias.

2185:(ACh) is broken down, thereby increasing the concentration of ACh in the brain and combating the loss of ACh caused by the death of cholinergic neurons. There is evidence for the efficacy of these medications in mild to moderate AD, and some evidence for their use in the advanced stage. The use of these drugs in 2464:

and reduce caretaker burden. Examples of such modifications are the adherence to simplified routines, the placing of safety locks, the labeling of household items to cue the person with the disease or the use of modified daily life objects. If eating becomes problematic, food will need to be prepared

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The NIA-AA criteria are used mainly in research rather than in clinical assessments. They define AD through three major stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's dementia. Diagnosis in the preclinical stage is complex and focuses on asymptomatic individuals; the latter two

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A Japanese pedigree of familial Alzheimer's disease was found to be associated with a deletion mutation of codon 693 of APP. This mutation and its association with Alzheimer's disease was first reported in 2008, and is known as the Osaka mutation. Only homozygotes with this mutation have an increased

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During the final stage, known as the late-stage or severe stage, there is complete dependence on caregivers. Language is reduced to simple phrases or even single words, eventually leading to complete loss of speech. Despite the loss of verbal language abilities, people can often understand and return

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which is often a role that is taken on by the spouse or a close relative. Caregiving tends to include physical and emotional burdens as well as time and financial strain at times on the person administering the aid. Alzheimer's disease is known for placing a great burden on caregivers which includes

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of people with AD is reduced. The normal life expectancy for 60 to 70 years old is 23 to 15 years; for 90 years old it is 4.5 years. Following AD diagnosis it ranges from 7 to 10 years for those in their 60s and early 70s (a loss of 13 to 8 years), to only about 3 years or less (a loss of 1.5 years)

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has been used for treating AD and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Its use is approved throughout Europe. The World Federation of Biological Psychiatry guidelines lists EGb 761 with the same weight of evidence (level B) given to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. EGb 761 is the only one

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but the precise relationship is unclear. It was once thought that as people get older, the risk of developing sleep disorders and AD independently increase, but research is examining whether sleep disorders may increase the prevalence of AD. One theory is that the mechanisms to increase clearance of

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available to cure Alzheimer's disease and because of this, AD research has focused on interventions to prevent the onset and progression. There is no evidence that supports any particular measure in preventing AD, and studies of measures to prevent the onset or progression have produced inconsistent

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In the United States as of 2019, informal (family) care is estimated to constitute nearly three-fourths of caregiving for people with AD at a cost of US$ 234 billion per year and approximately 18.5 billion hours of care. The cost to society worldwide to care for individuals with AD is projected to

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The prevalence of AD in populations is dependent upon factors including incidence and survival. Since the incidence of AD increases with age, prevalence depends on the mean age of the population for which prevalence is given. In the United States in 2020, AD dementia prevalence was estimated to be

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may be required. In such cases, the medical efficacy and ethics of continuing feeding is an important consideration of the caregivers and family members. The use of physical restraints is rarely indicated in any stage of the disease, although there are situations when they are necessary to prevent

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defines criteria for probable or possible AD for both major and mild neurocognitive disorder. Major or mild neurocognitive disorder must be present along with at least one cognitive deficit for a diagnosis of either probable or possible AD. For major neurocognitive disorder due to AD, probable

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) can only be definitively diagnosed with autopsy findings; in the absence of autopsy, clinical diagnoses of AD are "possible" or "probable", based on other findings. Up to 23% of those clinically diagnosed with AD may be misdiagnosed and may have pathology suggestive of

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Due to low accuracy, the C-PIB-PET scan is not recommended as an early diagnostic tool or for predicting the development of AD when people show signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The use of F-FDG PET scans, as a single test, to identify people who may develop Alzheimer's disease is not

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allele. The increased oxidative stress caused by smoking results in downstream inflammatory or neurodegenerative processes that may increase risk of developing AD. Avoidance of smoking, counseling and pharmacotherapies to quit smoking are used, and avoidance of environmental tobacco smoke is

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The early stages of AD are difficult to diagnose. A definitive diagnosis is usually made once cognitive impairment compromises daily living activities, although the person may still be living independently. The symptoms will progress from mild cognitive problems, such as memory loss through

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disorders. Factors associated with greater psychosocial problems of the primary caregivers include having an affected person at home, the caregiver being a spouse, demanding behaviors of the cared person such as depression, behavioral disturbances, hallucinations, sleep problems or walking

3191:(BBB) is being tested. At the point where the ultrasound beams converge, the focused ultrasound produces several therapeutic effects without incisions or radiation. This can cause opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which may aid in the removal of beta amyloid or tao from the brain. 719:). Reading and writing skills are also progressively lost. Complex motor sequences become less coordinated as time passes and Alzheimer's disease progresses, so the risk of falling increases. During this phase, memory problems worsen, and the person may fail to recognise close relatives. 12137:

Rabins PV, Blacker D, Rovner BW, Rummans T, Schneider LS, Tariot PN, et al. (Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines) (December 2007). "American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Second edition".

2087:, are active during sleep. With decreased sleep, a person is increasing Aβ production and decreasing Aβ clearance, resulting in Aβ accumulation. Receiving adequate sleep (approximately 7–8 hours) every night has become a potential lifestyle intervention to prevent the development of AD. 8037:

Balusu S, Horré K, Thrupp N, Craessaerts K, Snellinx A, Serneels L, T'Syen D, Chrysidou I, Arranz AM, Sierksma A, Simrén J, Karikari TK, Zetterberg H, Chen WT, Thal DR, Salta E, Fiers M, De Strooper B. MEG3 activates necroptosis in human neuron xenografts modeling Alzheimer's disease.

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Physical exercise is associated with a decreased rate of dementia, and is effective in reducing symptom severity in those with AD. Memory and cognitive functions can be improved with aerobic exercises including brisk walking three times weekly for forty minutes. It may also induce

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are also related with shortened survival. While the earlier the age at onset the higher the total survival years, life expectancy is particularly reduced when compared to the healthy population among those who are younger. Men have a less favourable survival prognosis than women.

979:, which is rarer and has a faster rate of progression. Less than 5% of sporadic Alzheimer's disease have an earlier onset, and early-onset Alzheimer's is about 90% heritable. Familial Alzheimer's disease usually implies two or more persons affected in one or more generations. 13523:

Massett HA, Mitchell AK, Alley L, Simoneau E, Burke P, Han SH, et al. (29 June 2021). "Facilitators, Challenges, and Messaging Strategies for Hispanic/Latino Populations Participating in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Clinical Research: A Literature Review".

3125:, although the approval generated controversy and more evidence is needed to address administration, safety, and effectiveness. It has less effectiveness in people who already had severe Alzheimer's symptoms. In early 2024, Biogen announced it would discontinue aducanumab. 2524:

Fewer than 3% of people live more than fourteen years after diagnosis. Disease features significantly associated with reduced survival are an increased severity of cognitive impairment, decreased functional level, disturbances in the neurological examination, history of

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For most of the 20th century, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45 and 65 who developed symptoms of dementia. The terminology changed after 1977 when a conference on Alzheimer's disease concluded that the clinical and

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Certain lifestyle activities, such as physical and cognitive exercises, higher education and occupational attainment, cigarette smoking, stress, sleep, and the management of other comorbidities, including diabetes and hypertension, may affect the risk of developing AD.

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Bouras C, Hof PR, Giannakopoulos P, Michel JP, Morrison JH (1994). "Regional distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of elderly patients: a quantitative evaluation of a one-year autopsy population from a geriatric hospital".

1555:. In Alzheimer's disease, tau undergoes chemical changes, becoming hyperphosphorylated; it then begins to pair with other threads, creating neurofibrillary tangles and disintegrating the neuron's transport system. Pathogenic tau can also cause neuronal death through 2017:(NSAIDs) were thought to be associated with a reduced likelihood of developing AD as it reduces inflammation; however, NSAIDs do not appear to be useful as a treatment. Additionally, because women have a higher incidence of AD than men, it was once thought that 1748:

including memory testing can further characterise the state of the disease. Medical organizations have created diagnostic criteria to ease and standardise the diagnostic process for practising physicians. Definitive diagnosis can only be confirmed with

703:) may be present, but they are commonly unnoticed. As the disease progresses, people with Alzheimer's disease can often continue to perform many tasks independently, but may need assistance or supervision with the most cognitively demanding activities. 12082:

Declercq T, Petrovic M, Azermai M, Vander Stichele R, De Sutter AI, van Driel ML, et al. (March 2013). "Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia".

2201:, both of which are linked to cholinergic excess. These side effects arise in approximately 10–20% of users, are mild to moderate in severity, and can be managed by slowly adjusting medication doses. Less common secondary effects include muscle 1514:

of amyloid beta, which then form clumps that deposit outside neurons in dense formations known as amyloid plaques. Excitatory neurons are known to be the major producers of amyloid beta that contribute to major extracellular plaque deposition.

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that showed improvement of symptoms in both AD and vascular dementia. EGb 761 may have a role either on its own or as an add-on if other therapies prove ineffective. A 2016 review concluded that the quality of evidence from clinical trials on

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Makhlouf S, Messelmani M, Zaouali J, Mrissa R (March 2018). "Cognitive impairment in celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity: review of literature on the main cognitive impairments, the imaging and the effect of gluten free diet".

2439:. Stimulation has modest support for improving behavior, mood, and, to a lesser extent, function. Nevertheless, as important as these effects are, the main support for the use of stimulation therapies is the change in the person's routine. 1353:

have documented reductions in the size of specific brain regions in people with Alzheimer's disease as they progressed from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease, and in comparison with similar images from healthy older adults.

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and economic burden. Costs associated with AD include direct and indirect medical costs, which vary between countries depending on social care for a person with AD. Direct costs include doctor visits, hospital care, medical treatments,

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populations. Studies have shown that these groups are underrepresented in clinical trials and do not have the same risk of developing AD when carrying certain genetic risk factors (i.e. APOE4), compared to their caucasian counterparts.

3137:. As of early August 2024, lecanemab was approved for sale in Japan, South Korea, China, Hong Kong and Israel although it was recommended against approval by an advisory body of the European Union on July 26, citing its side effects. 1642:. There is increasing evidence of a strong interaction between the neurons and the immunological mechanisms in the brain. Obesity and systemic inflammation may interfere with immunological processes which promote disease progression. 901:, is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. While apolipoproteins enhance the breakdown of beta amyloid, some isoforms are not very effective at this task (such as APOE4), leading to excess amyloid buildup in the brain. 1575:

give rise to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease is not known. The amyloid hypothesis traditionally points to the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides as the central event triggering neuron degeneration. Accumulation of aggregated

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López-Ortiz S, Lista S, Valenzuela PL, Pinto-Fraga J, Carmona R, Caraci F, et al. (November 2022). "Effects of physical activity and exercise interventions on Alzheimer's disease: an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses".

1783:(NIA-AA) definition as revised in 2011; and the International Working Group criteria as revised in 2010. Three broad time periods, which can span decades, define the progression of Alzheimer's disease from the preclinical phase, to 1509:

process which causes APP to be divided into smaller fragments. Although commonly researched as neuronal proteins, APP and its processing enzymes are abundantly expressed by other brain cells. One of these fragments gives rise to

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Marsool MD, Prajjwal P, Reddy YB, Marsool AD, Lam JR, Nandwana V (May 2023). "Newer modalities in the management of Alzheimer's dementia along with the role of aducanumab and lecanemab in the treatment of its refractory cases".

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Studies have shown a potential link between infection with certain viruses and developing Alzheimer's disease later in life. Notably, a large scale study conducted on 6,245,282 patients has shown an increased risk of developing

2775:(SDAT) was used for a time to describe the condition in those over 65, with classical Alzheimer's disease being used to describe those who were younger. Eventually, the term Alzheimer's disease was formally adopted in medical 11804:

Raina P, Santaguida P, Ismaila A, Patterson C, Cowan D, Levine M, et al. (March 2008). "Effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for treating dementia: evidence review for a clinical practice guideline".

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Lecanemab, which clears plaques and reduces amyloid proteins, was approved via the FDA accelerated approval process, and was converted to traditional approval in July 2023, after further testing, along with the addition of a

1005:. Some of the mutations merely alter the ratio between Aβ42 and the other major forms—particularly Aβ40—without increasing Aβ42 levels in the brain. Two other genes associated with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease are 12033:

Ballard C, Hanney ML, Theodoulou M, Douglas S, McShane R, Kossakowski K, et al. (February 2009). "The dementia antipsychotic withdrawal trial (DART-AD): long-term follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial".

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such as ionic copper, iron, and zinc is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease, though it remains unclear whether this is produced by or causes the changes in proteins. Smoking is a significant Alzheimer's disease risk factor.

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Blacker D, Albert MS, Bassett SS, Go RC, Harrell LE, Folstein MF (December 1994). "Reliability and validity of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative".

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Robinson L, Hutchings D, Dickinson HO, Corner L, Beyer F, Finch T, et al. (January 2007). "Effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review".

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attempt to identify and reduce the antecedents and consequences of problem behaviors. This approach has not shown success in improving overall functioning, but can help to reduce some specific problem behaviors, such as

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such as the mini–mental state examination (MMSE) can help in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In this test instructions are given to copy drawings like the one shown, remember some words, read, and subtract numbers

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manifestations of presenile and senile dementia were almost identical, although the authors also added that this did not rule out the possibility that they had different causes. This eventually led to the diagnosis of

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Murray J, Schneider J, Banerjee S, Mann A (August 1999). "EUROCARE: a cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer's disease: II—A qualitative analysis of the experience of caregiving".

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and inhibiting their overstimulation by glutamate. Memantine has been shown to have a small benefit in the treatment of moderate to severe AD. Reported adverse events with memantine are infrequent and mild, including

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Reisberg B, Franssen EH, Hasan SM, Monteiro I, Boksay I, Souren LE, et al. (1999). "Retrogenesis: clinical, physiologic, and pathologic mechanisms in brain aging, Alzheimer's and other dementing processes".

16463: 16444: 16429: 9589:"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease" 5273:

Mashour GA, Frank L, Batthyany A, Kolanowski AM, Nahm M, Schulman-Green D, et al. (August 2019). "Paradoxical lucidity: A potential paradigm shift for the neurobiology and treatment of severe dementias".

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Bottino CM, Carvalho IA, Alvarez AM, Avila R, Zukauskas PR, Bustamante SE, et al. (December 2005). "Cognitive rehabilitation combined with drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease patients: a pilot study".

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Fink HA, Linskens EJ, MacDonald R, Silverman PC, McCarten JR, Talley KM, et al. (May 2020). "Benefits and Harms of Prescription Drugs and Supplements for Treatment of Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia".

2174:. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are intended for those with mild to severe AD, whereas memantine is intended for those with moderate or severe Alzheimer's disease. The benefit from their use is small. 2007:. More research is needed to examine the relationship with AD specifically; clarification of the direct role medications play versus other concurrent lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, smoking) is needed. 1880:

of Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. Interviews with family members are used in assessment; caregivers can supply important information on daily living abilities and on the decrease in the person's

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are generally beneficial in aging, and may help in reducing the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's. Affected people become increasingly reliant on others for assistance, often placing a burden on

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is unclear, with a 2019 study finding no increase in dementia overall in those with celiac disease while a 2018 review found an association with several types of dementia including Alzheimer's disease.

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Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, Dekosky ST, Barberger-Gateau P, Cummings J, et al. (August 2007). "Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria".

9489:"Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease" 1122:

for inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Sleep disruption was previously only seen as a consequence of Alzheimer's disease, but as of 2020, accumulating evidence suggests that this relationship may be

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In people with Alzheimer's disease, the increasing impairment of learning and memory eventually leads to a definitive diagnosis. In a small percentage, difficulties with language, executive functions,

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Stress is a risk factor for the development of AD. The mechanism by which stress predisposes someone to development of AD is unclear, but it is suggested that lifetime stressors may affect a person's

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Higher education and occupational attainment, and participation in leisure activities, contribute to a reduced risk of developing AD, or of delaying the onset of symptoms. This is compatible with the

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Yang G, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhang K, Liu J (22 October 2015). "Ginkgo Biloba for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials".

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Since AD has no cure and it gradually renders people incapable of tending to their own needs, caregiving is essentially the treatment and must be carefully managed over the course of the disease.

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Progressive deterioration eventually hinders independence, with subjects being unable to perform most common activities of daily living. Speech difficulties become evident due to an inability to

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allele disrupts this function. Between 40% and 80% of people with Alzheimer's disease possess at least one APOEε4 allele. The APOEε4 allele increases the risk of the disease by three times in

14538: 5362:"Familial Alzheimer's disease mutations at position 22 of the amyloid β-peptide sequence differentially affect synaptic loss, tau phosphorylation and neuronal cell death in an ex vivo system" 15815: 13354:

Di Carlo A, Baldereschi M, Amaducci L, Lepore V, Bracco L, Maggi S, et al. (January 2002). "Incidence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia in Italy. The ILSA Study".

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Dementia, and specifically Alzheimer's disease, may be among the most costly diseases for societies worldwide. As populations age, these costs will probably increase and become an important

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theory, which states that some life experiences result in more efficient neural functioning providing the individual a cognitive reserve that delays the onset of dementia manifestations.

922:, and so they are termed sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Of the cases of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, most are classified as late onset where they are developed after the age of 65 years. 410:. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the average life expectancy following diagnosis is three to twelve years. 7016:

Eikelenboom P, van Exel E, Hoozemans JJ, Veerhuis R, Rozemuller AJ, van Gool WA (2010). "Neuroinflammation – an early event in both the history and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease".

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impacting those in their 30s to mid-60s. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older, and women more often than men. The disease is named after German psychiatrist and pathologist

4842:"Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology" 15325: 4395: 9145: 2739:

after suppressing some of the clinical (delusions and hallucinations) and pathological features (arteriosclerotic changes) contained in the original report of Auguste D. He included

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or cognitive decline. When used in the long-term, they have been shown to associate with increased mortality. Stopping antipsychotic use in this group of people appears to be safe.

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As of 2020, there were approximately 50 million people worldwide with Alzheimer's disease. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although up to 10% of cases are

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Tomiyama T, Nagata T, Shimada H, Teraoka R, Fukushima A, Kanemitsu H, et al. (March 2008). "A new amyloid beta variant favoring oligomerization in Alzheimer's-type dementia".

14126:"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease" 15967: 13059:

Bowen JD, Malter AD, Sheppard L, Kukull WA, McCormick WC, Teri L, et al. (August 1996). "Predictors of mortality in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease".

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in AD patients remain unclear, some researchers hypothesize that biological mechanisms shared by both diseases might play a role. However, this requires further investigation.

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Tiraboschi P, Sabbagh MN, Hansen LA, Salmon DP, Merdes A, Gamst A, et al. (April 2004). "Alzheimer disease without neocortical neurofibrillary tangles: "a second look"".

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No treatments can stop or reverse its progression, though some may temporarily improve symptoms or slow the progression of the disease. A healthy diet, physical activity, and

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Enzymes act on the amyloid-beta precursor protein and cut it into fragments. The beta-amyloid fragment is crucial in the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease.

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Van Broeck B, Van Broeckhoven C, Kumar-Singh S (2007). "Current insights into molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and their implications for therapeutic approaches".

18727: 18722: 11782: 11752: 11722: 9818:

Harvey PD, Moriarty PJ, Kleinman L, Coyne K, Sadowsky CH, Chen M, et al. (2005). "The validation of a caregiver assessment of dementia: the Dementia Severity Scale".

12356:"Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series" 9645:"Definitions of dementia and predementia states in Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment: consensus from the Canadian conference on diagnosis of dementia" 1742:(2020). Because many insurance companies in the United States do not cover this procedure, its use in clinical practice is largely limited to clinical trials as of 2018. 877:

postulated that extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits are the fundamental cause of the disease. Support for this postulate comes from the location of the gene for the

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Xi Y, Chen Y, Jin Y, Han G, Song M, Song T, et al. (May 2022). "Versatile nanomaterials for Alzheimer's disease: Pathogenesis inspired disease-modifying therapy".

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The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown, except for 1–2% of cases where deterministic genetic differences have been identified. Several competing

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Lanni C, Masi M, Racchi M, Govoni S (January 2021). "Cancer and Alzheimer's disease inverse relationship: an age-associated diverging derailment of shared pathways".

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Specific medications that may reduce the risk or progression of Alzheimer's disease have been studied. The research trials investigating medications generally impact

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and mobility deteriorates to the point where they are bedridden and unable to feed themselves. The cause of death is usually an external factor, such as infection of

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Amaducci LA, Rocca WA, Schoenberg BS (November 1986). "Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: how history can clarify nosology".

3412:"Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials" 17890: 17089: 2791: 2683: 1954:

or regular social interaction have been linked to a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease in epidemiological studies, although no causal relationship has been found.

677:(the memory of the body on how to do things, such as using a fork to eat or how to drink from a glass) are affected to a lesser degree than new facts or memories. 13308:

Bermejo-Pareja F, Benito-León J, Vega S, Medrano MJ, Román GC (January 2008). "Incidence and subtypes of dementia in three elderly populations of central Spain".

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Gold DP, Reis MF, Markiewicz D, Andres D (January 1995). "When home caregiving ends: a longitudinal study of outcomes for caregivers of relatives with dementia".

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interventions are used as an adjunct to pharmaceutical treatment and can be classified within behavior-, emotion-, cognition- or stimulation-oriented approaches.

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Sachs-Ericsson N, Blazer DG (January 2015). "The new DSM-5 diagnosis of mild neurocognitive disorder and its relation to research in mild cognitive impairment".

3568: 15222: 12587:"A randomized, controlled trial of a home environmental intervention: effect on efficacy and upset in caregivers and on daily function of persons with dementia" 4720:

Nygård L (2003). "Instrumental activities of daily living: a stepping-stone towards Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in subjects with mild cognitive impairment?".

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increasing stages of cognitive and non-cognitive disturbances, eliminating any possibility of independent living, especially in the late stages of the disease.

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Costs for those with more severe dementia or behavioral disturbances are higher and are related to the additional caregiving time to provide physical care.

15883: 2731:. He followed her case until she died in 1906 when he first reported publicly on it. During the next five years, eleven similar cases were reported in the 15674: 12214:"Practice parameter: management of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology" 15095: 12693:

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Tiraboschi P, Hansen LA, Thal LJ, Corey-Bloom J (June 2004). "The importance of neuritic plaques and tangles to the development and evolution of AD".

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Murray ED, Buttner N, Price BH (2012). "Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice". In Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J (eds.).

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and involves playing a recording with voices of the closest relatives of the person with AD. There is partial evidence indicating that SPT may reduce

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are both associated with less cognitive decline. A different approach has been to incorporate elements of both of these diets into one known as the

1889:. Many times, families have difficulties in the detection of initial dementia symptoms and may not communicate accurate information to a physician. 18086: 15807: 8427:

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Kivipelto M, Mangialasche F, Ngandu T (November 2018). "Lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer disease".

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of the brain. Participating in mental exercises, such as reading, crossword puzzles, and chess have shown potential to be preventive. Meeting the

976: 953:

people do not show the relationship between dose of APOEε4 and incidence or age-of-onset for Alzheimer's disease seen in other human populations.

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Zetteler J (November 2008). "Effectiveness of simulated presence therapy for individuals with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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A number of studies connect the misfolded amyloid beta and tau proteins associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, as bringing about

19116: 18081: 9279:"Mild cognitive impairment: narrative review of taxonomies and systematic review of their prediction of incident Alzheimer's disease dementia" 1049: 14928:

Pusey H, Richards D (May 2001). "A systematic review of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for carers of people with dementia".

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and death of axons (white matter) and ending with the death of grey matter. Likewise the hypothesis is, that as infants go through states of

803:

are much more common symptoms. People with Alzheimer's disease will ultimately not be able to perform even the simplest tasks independently;

15315: 11643: 7991:"Pathogenic tau-induced piRNA depletion promotes neuronal death through transposable element dysregulation in neurodegenerative tauopathies" 4399: 18942: 17883: 15035: 14572:"EUROCARE: a cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer's disease: I—Factors associated with carer burden" 4504:

Berchtold NC, Cotman CW (1998). "Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s".

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Imtiaz B, Tolppanen AM, Kivipelto M, Soininen H (April 2014). "Future directions in Alzheimer's disease from risk factors to prevention".

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Imtiaz B, Tolppanen AM, Kivipelto M, Soininen H (April 2014). "Future directions in Alzheimer's disease from risk factors to prevention".

10131:"(11)C-PIB-PET for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)" 8313:"New therapeutic strategies and drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases: p53 and TNF-alpha inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists" 4428: 4084: 3143:, which clears plaques, was approved by the FDA in July 2024. Anti-amyloid drugs also cause brain shrinkage. The cholinesterase inhibitor 554:, and this is responsible for the first symptoms of memory impairment. As the disease progresses so does the degree of memory impairment. 19317: 12988: 11775:"Namzaric- memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride capsule Namzaric- memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride kit" 8691: 2675: 2597: 2573: 2505:. Studies of individual dietary components, minerals and supplements are conflicting as to whether they prevent AD or cognitive decline. 4588: 493:. The pressures can include social, psychological, physical, and economic elements. Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to 19457: 17561: 17517: 16620: 14857: 14633: 14588: 14571: 13405: 2010:

Depression is associated with an increased risk for AD; management with antidepressant medications may provide a preventative measure.

1892:

Supplemental testing can rule out other potentially treatable diagnoses and help avoid misdiagnoses. Common supplemental tests include

1711: 10180:"F-FDG PET for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)" 6188:. International meeting of the French society of neurology : NeuroDegenerative Disease : What will the future bring ?. 5338: 4619:"Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders associated with dementia: EFNS guideline" 843:, form in the brain, affecting neuronal functioning and connectivity, resulting in a progressive loss of brain function. This altered 19442: 19109: 18709: 15955: 5112:

Taler V, Phillips NA (July 2008). "Language performance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a comparative review".

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and depression can be seen at this stage, with apathy remaining as the most persistent symptom throughout the course of the disease.

7686: 19324: 17376: 16993: 16806: 15358: 14488:"Comparison Between Burden of Care Partners of Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Versus Individuals with Other Chronic Diseases" 3316: 2424: 16165:"The Interrelationship between Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Apolipoprotein E ε4, Lifestyle Factors, and the Aging Body and Brain" 2919:

Individuals with Alzheimer's will require assistance in their lifetime, and care will most likely come in the form of a full-time

1765:

There are three sets of criteria for the clinical diagnoses of the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease: the 2013 fifth edition of the

18699: 17876: 16786: 14314: 6677:"Invited Review: APOE at the interface of inflammation, neurodegeneration and pathological protein spread in Alzheimer's disease" 2026: 1662: 13886:

Alzheimer A (1907). "Über eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde" [About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex].

13620:"Population estimate of people with clinical Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in the United States (2020-2060)" 11774: 11744: 11714: 19250: 19173: 18679: 18352: 17112: 15159: 13775:

Li F, Qin W, Zhu M, Jia J (1 January 2021). "Model-Based Projection of Dementia Prevalence in China and Worldwide: 2020-2050".

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medications in individuals without overt cognitive impairment may decrease the risk of dementia by influencing cerebrovascular

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Jelicic M, Bonebakker AE, Bonke B (1995). "Implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a brief review".

2366:. There is a lack of high quality data on the effectiveness of these techniques in other behavior problems such as wandering. 1718:(PET), can be used to help exclude other cerebral pathology or subtypes of dementia. Moreover, it may predict conversion from 546:. The three stages are described as early or mild, middle or moderate, and late or severe. The disease is known to target the 18820: 18704: 18336: 15847: 15105: 15070: 15019: 14980: 14022: 13997: 13935: 13409: 12739: 12546:"Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial" 11577: 11365: 11234: 9970: 9937: 9708: 9163: 9036: 9007: 8708: 6517: 4821: 4780: 3918: 3134: 3105:

Antibodies may have the ability to alter the disease course by targeting amyloid beta with immunotherapy medications such as

2014: 751: 16533: 15643: 2727:

identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease, named after him, in a fifty-year-old woman he called

516:, who first described it in 1906. Alzheimer's financial burden on society is large, with an estimated global annual cost of 19341: 18927: 18542: 18530: 17992: 15698:"Comparative Analysis of Aducanumab, Zagotenemab and Pioglitazone as Targeted Treatment Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease" 11033:

Irwin MR, Vitiello MV (March 2019). "Implications of sleep disturbance and inflammation for Alzheimer's disease dementia".

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Irwin MR, Vitiello MV (March 2019). "Implications of sleep disturbance and inflammation for Alzheimer's disease dementia".

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Chen X, Yan SD (December 2006). "Mitochondrial Abeta: a potential cause of metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease".

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is the number of new cases per unit of person-time at risk (usually number of new cases per thousand person-years); while

695:. In this stage, the person with Alzheimer's is usually capable of communicating basic ideas adequately. While performing 17573: 16721: 16482: 2958: 2481:

During the final stages of the disease, treatment is centred on relieving discomfort until death, often with the help of

1266: 13145:

Jagger C, Clarke M, Stone A (January 1995). "Predictors of survival with Alzheimer's disease: a community-based study".

1916:). MRI or CT scans might also be used to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms – including tumors or strokes. 19417: 19412: 19307: 18761: 18694: 18249: 16823: 16798: 16633: 13899:"About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex. By Alois Alzheimer, 1907 (Translated by L. Jarvik and H. Greenson)". 8569: 4051: 2735:, some of them already using the term Alzheimer's disease. The disease was first described as a distinctive disease by 975:

effects, as Alzheimer's is highly polygenic. When the disease is caused by autosomal dominant variants, it is known as

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Potter GG, Steffens DC (May 2007). "Contribution of depression to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults".

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Hardy J, Allsop D (October 1991). "Amyloid deposition as the central event in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease".

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almost universally exhibit at least the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by 40 years of age. A specific

15283: 621:(memory of meanings, and concept relationships) can also be symptomatic of the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. 17701: 16938: 16909: 16850: 11990:"The effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of aggression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease" 3077: 3071: 2409: 1539:. These microtubules act like tracks, guiding nutrients and molecules from the body of the cell to the ends of the 1100: 598:

loss, which shows up as difficulty in remembering recently learned facts and inability to acquire new information.

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Braak H, Del Tredici K (December 2012). "Where, when, and in what form does sporadic Alzheimer's disease begin?".

2858:, specialized equipment, and household expenses. Indirect costs include the cost of informal care and the loss in 641:

stage of Alzheimer's disease. Amnesic MCI has a greater than 90% likelihood of being associated with Alzheimer's.

19381: 19218: 19193: 18583: 16943: 16738: 16663: 2927: 2448: 1931: 524: 15559:"Aducanumab Use in Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease Evidence in Focus: A Report of the AAN Guidelines Subcommittee" 11596:

Lipton SA (February 2006). "Paradigm shift in neuroprotection by NMDA receptor blockade: memantine and beyond".

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either individually or in group have demonstrated their efficacy in improving caregivers' psychological health.

2181:

neurons is a well-known feature of AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are employed to reduce the rate at which

17: 19452: 19312: 19282: 19233: 19228: 19183: 19168: 18098: 18074: 17904: 17596: 17381: 17352: 16613: 15666: 15245: 6918:"Is Sleep Disruption a Cause or Consequence of Alzheimer's Disease? Reviewing Its Possible Role as a Biomarker" 5982:"Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer's disease" 2147: 2127: 1552: 1486: 983: 321: 10416:"Use of statins and the risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis" 7338:

Londoño DP, Arumaithurai K, Constantopoulos E, Basso MR, Reichard RR, Flanagan EP, et al. (4 July 2022).

4547: 2560:

is the most frequent immediate cause of death brought by AD. While the reasons behind the lower prevalence of

982:

Early onset familial Alzheimer's disease can be attributed to mutations in one of three genes: those encoding

854:

attempt to explain the underlying cause; the most predominant hypothesis is the amyloid beta (Aβ) hypothesis.

661:) are more prominent than memory problems. Alzheimer's disease does not affect all memory capacities equally. 19356: 19188: 19029: 18777: 18662: 18578: 18520: 18290: 18069: 17122: 16840: 16816: 15923: 6384:"Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 variants elevate Abeta1-42/1-40 ratio in vitro and in vivo" 5023:

Carlesimo GA, Oscar-Berman M (June 1992). "Memory deficits in Alzheimer's patients: a comprehensive review".

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damage in any disease, and may be either secondary to tissue damage in Alzheimer's disease or a marker of an

16271: 11426:"The new cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease, Part 2: illustrating their mechanisms of action" 1615:

Iron dyshomeostasis is linked to disease progression, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death called

633:. MCI can present with a variety of symptoms, and when memory loss is the predominant symptom, it is termed 586:

can reveal mild cognitive difficulties up to eight years before a person fulfills the clinical criteria for

19432: 19386: 19297: 19208: 18937: 18746: 18120: 17785: 17322: 16855: 16700: 15961: 15889: 15854: 15811: 11127:"Meditation treatment of Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: A protocol for systematic review" 9197:. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 3118: 2942: 2224: 1715: 1671: 1350: 1289: 934: 926: 19351: 16214:"Early prediction of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias using real-world electronic health records" 14719:"Early community-based service utilization and its effects on institutionalization in dementia caregiving" 6181: 5792: 5603:

Mudher A, Lovestone S (January 2002). "Alzheimer's disease-do tauists and baptists finally shake hands?".

918:. Genetic models in 2020 predict Alzheimer's disease with 90% accuracy. Most cases of Alzheimer's are not 19277: 19240: 19223: 18988: 18983: 18967: 18256: 17030: 16828: 15484: 9538:"From mild cognitive impairment to subjective cognitive decline: conceptual and methodological evolution" 5742:

Scheltens P, De Strooper B, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Chételat G, Teunissen CE, et al. (April 2021).

2460:

During the early and moderate stages, modifications to the living environment and lifestyle can increase

2386: 1959: 1885:. A caregiver's viewpoint is particularly important, since a person with Alzheimer's disease is commonly 1776: 1044:

In Alzheimer's disease, changes in tau protein lead to the disintegration of microtubules in brain cells.

680: 193: 17843: 14439:"Major Cost Drivers in Assessing the Economic Burden of Alzheimer's Disease: A Structured, Rapid Review" 9732:

Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ (September 1992). "The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review".

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Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M, Kainulainen K, Vuorio A, Verkkoniemi A, et al. (November 1995).

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Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, et al. (March 2017).

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Borchelt DR, Thinakaran G, Eckman CB, Lee MK, Davenport F, Ratovitsky T, et al. (November 1996).

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to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common symptom pattern, disease course, and

2146:

Medications used to treat the cognitive symptoms of AD rather than the underlying cause include: four

847:

is age-related, regulated by brain cholesterol, and associated with other neurodegenerative diseases.

19346: 18952: 18871: 18813: 18684: 18652: 18626: 18604: 18453: 18032: 17790: 17759: 17137: 17020: 16606: 15991:"Accelerated Brain Volume Loss Caused by Anti-β-Amyloid Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 14844:

Donaldson C, Tarrier N, Burns A (April 1998). "Determinants of carer stress in Alzheimer's disease".

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Barnard ND, Bush AI, Ceccarelli A, Cooper J, de Jager CA, Erickson KI, et al. (September 2014).

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Heneka MT, Carson MJ, El Khoury J, Landreth GE, Brosseron F, Feinstein DL, et al. (April 2015).

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There is no cure for AD; available treatments offer relatively small symptomatic benefits but remain

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Rosendorff C, Beeri MS, Silverman JM (2007). "Cardiovascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease".

7638:"Automated MRI measures identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease" 1023:

gene have been associated with a three to five times higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

19376: 19287: 19245: 19213: 19163: 19057: 18932: 18751: 18525: 17939: 17838: 17754: 17749: 17446: 17409: 17401: 17219: 17188: 16929: 16914: 16493: 12544:

Spector A, Thorgrimsen L, Woods B, Royan L, Davies S, Butterworth M, et al. (September 2003).

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McShane R, Westby MJ, Roberts E, Minakaran N, Schneider L, Farrimond LE, et al. (March 2019).

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Kotzbauer PT, Trojanowsk JQ, Lee VM (October 2001). "Lewy body pathology in Alzheimer's disease".

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further reveal that age-related myelin degradation increases sites of Aβ production and distracts

19366: 19329: 19302: 19292: 18756: 18689: 18445: 18263: 18115: 18105: 17949: 17775: 17282: 17132: 17127: 17084: 16901: 15186: 12263:"Non-pharmacological interventions for wandering of people with dementia in the domestic setting" 11639: 7636:

Desikan RS, Cabral HJ, Hess CP, Dillon WP, Glastonbury CM, Weiner MW, et al. (August 2009).

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Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, Getchius TS, Ganguli M, Gloss D, et al. (January 2018).

4582: 3464:"Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities" 3091:, who drew self-portraits from 1995 to 2000 as an experiment of showing his disease through art. 2878: 2428: 2341: 2248: 1858: 1835: 1674:

of the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease showing a loss of function in the temporal lobe

1104: 1061: 861:, which proposes that Alzheimer's disease is caused by reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter 583: 208: 17868: 15480: 15039: 13726:

Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, Brodaty H, Fratiglioni L, Ganguli M, et al. (December 2005).

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extract EGb 761 in the symptomatic treatment of mild-to-moderate dementia: a profile of its use"

8532:

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7059:

Alves GS, Oertel Knöchel V, Knöchel C, Carvalho AF, Pantel J, Engelhardt E, et al. (2015).

5690:

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for diagnosis in 1984, extensively updated in 2007. These criteria require that the presence of

699:

such as writing, drawing, or dressing, certain movement coordination and planning difficulties (

535:

The course of Alzheimer's is generally described in three stages, with a progressive pattern of

413:

The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. There are many environmental and genetic

19371: 19178: 19158: 19148: 18621: 18613: 18568: 18216: 18064: 17653: 17292: 17183: 17142: 17025: 13424:"Late-onset vs nonmendelian early-onset Alzheimer disease: A distinction without a difference?" 11568:

Alldredge BK, Corelli RL, Ernst ME, Guglielmo BJ, Jacobson PA, Kradjan WA, et al. (2013).

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Greig NH, Mattson MP, Perry T, Chan SL, Giordano T, Sambamurti K, et al. (December 2004).

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have been shown between the diagnostic criteria and definitive histopathological confirmation.

2542: 2325: 2252: 2067:

delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease syndrome without changing the duration of the disease.

1897: 1877: 1695: 1639: 1580:, which are believed to be the toxic form of the protein responsible for disrupting the cell's 1365: 1088: 1065: 840: 446: 296: 16544: 16438: 13927: 13921: 12977: 12729: 11176:"The potential of psychedelics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias" 10129:

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Jack CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, Carrillo MC, Dunn B, Haeberlein SB, et al. (April 2018).

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has also been reported as a mechanism of cell death in brain cells affected with tau tangles.

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that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of

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8790:"Tauvid: The First FDA-Approved PET Tracer for Imaging Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease" 1144: 1087:. This chronic inflammation is also a feature of other neurodegenerative diseases including 19422: 18857: 18806: 18573: 18390: 18279: 17673: 17586: 17342: 17162: 16763: 16743: 16116:"Early Life Stress and Epigenetics in Late-onset Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review" 16039:"Alpha Cognition's Oral Therapy Zunveyl Receives FDA Approval to Treat Alzheimer's Disease" 15696:

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Cessation in smoking may reduce risk of developing AD, specifically in those who carry the

1972: 1811: 1723: 1556: 1211: 1192: 1148: 1096: 972: 933:(APOE). APOE plays a major role in lipid-binding proteins in lipoprotein particles and the 816: 763: 731: 387: 274: 221: 197: 15557:

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has not shown any effect in a delay of the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The most common

2018: 2000: 1703: 1646: 1057: 602: 490: 434: 430: 16304:"The microglial lysosomal system in Alzheimer's disease: Guardian against proteinopathy" 16240: 16213: 16015: 15990: 15457: 15432: 15349: 15011: 15005: 14512: 14487: 12942:

Zanetti O, Solerte SB, Cantoni F (2009). "Life expectancy in Alzheimer's disease (AD)".

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Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. (May 2011).

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Depp C, Sun T, Sasmita AO, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Nazarenko T, et al. (June 2023).

5997: 5716: 5691: 5511: 5496:"The role of protein clearance mechanisms in organismal ageing and age-related diseases" 5436: 5377: 3087:(2016–2019). Paintings depicting the disorder include the late works by American artist 2902:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2251:. Excitotoxicity occurs not only in AD, but also in other neurological diseases such as 2106:

in nature. Treatments can be divided into pharmaceutical, psychosocial, and caregiving.

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in 1902. Hers was the first described case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease.

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in people with AD, but their advantages are offset by serious adverse effects, such as

2256: 1819: 1739: 1620: 1285: 1233: 1139: 968: 866: 739: 540: 478: 470: 305: 301: 184: 19272: 16476: 16472: 16388: 16131: 14771: 14186: 14051: 13835: 13743: 12047: 11966: 11389:

Geula C, Mesulam MM (1995). "Cholinesterases and the pathology of Alzheimer disease".

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1686:, history from relatives, and behavioral observations. The presence of characteristic 19437: 19427: 18435: 18401: 18373: 18364: 18296: 18272: 18139: 17987: 17632: 17157: 17147: 17079: 17005: 16889: 16504: 16372: 16360: 16335: 16323: 16303: 16257: 16245: 16198: 16186: 16145: 16096: 16020: 15793: 15781: 15727: 15639: 15627: 15588: 15539: 15462: 15413: 15111: 15101: 15076: 15066: 15015: 14986: 14976: 14945: 14910: 14861: 14818: 14775: 14740: 14699: 14637: 14593: 14517: 14472: 14460: 14420: 14408: 14348: 14336: 14290: 14234: 14190: 14147: 14098: 14055: 14018: 13993: 13974: 13931: 13908: 13865: 13847: 13804: 13792: 13757: 13708: 13661: 13649: 13600: 13553: 13541: 13505: 13453: 13371: 13367: 13325: 13287: 13252: 13211: 13190:"Functional transitions and active life expectancy associated with Alzheimer disease" 13162: 13119: 13076: 13033: 12959: 12921: 12861: 12814: 12779: 12735: 12710: 12649: 12608: 12567: 12518: 12483: 12434: 12385: 12328: 12292: 12235: 12183: 12147: 12110: 12051: 12015: 11970: 11935: 11882: 11851:

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10160: 10103: 10060: 10025: 9976: 9966: 9943: 9933: 9905: 9878: 9835: 9792: 9749: 9714: 9704: 9676: 9618: 9569: 9518: 9469: 9411: 9360: 9308: 9259: 9198: 9159: 9126: 9069: 9032: 9003: 8981: 8932: 8881: 8821: 8770: 8756: 8704: 8673: 8612: 8553: 8511: 8497: 8454: 8409: 8340: 8293: 8244: 8209: 8166: 8109: 8050: 8020: 7975: 7963: 7906: 7871: 7827: 7792: 7733: 7667: 7618: 7583: 7560: 7548: 7513: 7454: 7410: 7369: 7320: 7285: 7220: 7185: 7128: 7092: 7033: 6998: 6967:

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6949: 6890: 6855: 6804: 6755: 6706: 6642: 6583: 6548: 6501: 6462: 6405: 6356: 6315: 6307: 6266: 6248: 6209: 6201: 6162: 6113: 6082:

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6056: 6021: 5962: 5911: 5870: 5862: 5827: 5815: 5773: 5721: 5669: 5620: 5585: 5581: 5548: 5525: 5480: 5468: 5450: 5401: 5313: 5301: 5247: 5204: 5169: 5129: 5083: 5040: 4997: 4917: 4871: 4817: 4798: 4786: 4776: 4737: 4733: 4694: 4689: 4672: 4640: 4635: 4618: 4521: 4481: 4351: 4302: 4224: 4170: 4030: 3966: 3924: 3914: 3884: 3812: 3774: 3691: 3639: 3621: 3539: 3493: 3441: 3375: 3260: 2855: 2546: 2493:

Diet may be a modifiable risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. The

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from Aβ plaques, with both mechanisms dually exacerbating amyloidosis. Additionally,

1180: 1115: 1084: 800: 595: 587: 485: 379: 282: 172: 16598: 15777: 14957: 14873: 14830: 14787: 14649: 14605: 14259:

El-Hayek YH, Wiley RE, Khoury CP, Daya RP, Ballard C, Evans AR, et al. (2019).

14159: 14067: 13383: 13337: 13174: 13131: 13088: 13045: 12826: 12530: 12340: 12247: 12195: 12063: 11834: 11625: 11192: 11175: 11062: 10868: 10598: 10262: 10115: 10072: 9847: 9761: 9331:"Mild cognitive impairment: diagnosis, longitudinal course, and emerging treatments" 9081: 8624: 8565: 8352: 8256: 7918: 7839: 7745: 7422: 7389:"Treatment of Neurological Manifestations of Gluten Sensitivity and Coeliac Disease" 7232: 7140: 7045: 6902: 6595: 6513: 6417: 6368: 6068: 5632: 5259: 5216: 5141: 5052: 5009: 4929: 4749: 4706: 4533: 3551: 1288:, showing an amyloid plaque (top right), neurofibrillary tangles (bottom left), and 19044: 18558: 18429: 18424: 18209: 18204: 17502: 17456: 17424: 17272: 17250: 17215: 16978: 16860: 16811: 16758: 16733: 16728: 16685: 16673: 16555: 16352: 16315: 16235: 16225: 16176: 16135: 16127: 16086: 16076: 16010: 16002: 15773: 15717: 15709: 15619: 15578: 15570: 15529: 15519: 15452: 15444: 15403: 15393: 15133: 14937: 14900: 14853: 14810: 14767: 14730: 14689: 14679: 14629: 14583: 14507: 14499: 14450: 14398: 14390: 14326: 14280: 14272: 14226: 14202: 14182: 14137: 14110: 14090: 14047: 13962: 13855: 13839: 13831: 13818:

Nichols E, Steinmetz JD, Vollset SE, Vos T, Fukutaki K, Chalek J (6 January 2022).

13784: 13747: 13739: 13698: 13688: 13639: 13631: 13590: 13580: 13533: 13495: 13487: 13443: 13435: 13363: 13317: 13279: 13242: 13201: 13154: 13111: 13068: 13025: 12951: 12911: 12903: 12873: 12853: 12806: 12771: 12702: 12671: 12639: 12598: 12557: 12510: 12473: 12469: 12465: 12424: 12416: 12375: 12367: 12320: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12225: 12175: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12043: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11962: 11925: 11917: 11872: 11864: 11814: 11686: 11682: 11678: 11605: 11540: 11530: 11489: 11481: 11437: 11398: 11322: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11197: 11187: 11146: 11138: 11097: 11089: 11042: 11005: 10997: 10950: 10902: 10848: 10813: 10778: 10735: 10697: 10687: 10657: 10635: 10625: 10578: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10492: 10484: 10443: 10435: 10388: 10351: 10343: 10302: 10294: 10240: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10095: 10052: 10015: 10007: 9994:

Sun X, Steffens DC, Au R, Folstein M, Summergrad P, Yee J, et al. (May 2008).

9870: 9827: 9804: 9784: 9741: 9666: 9656: 9608: 9600: 9559: 9549: 9508: 9500: 9459: 9451: 9401: 9391: 9350: 9342: 9298: 9290: 9249: 9241: 9151: 9116: 9108: 9061: 8971: 8963: 8922: 8912: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8811: 8801: 8760: 8752: 8663: 8604: 8545: 8501: 8493: 8466: 8444: 8436: 8399: 8391: 8332: 8283: 8236: 8201: 8156: 8148: 8121: 8101: 8043: 8010: 8002: 7953: 7945: 7898: 7863: 7819: 7782: 7772: 7725: 7657: 7649: 7610: 7540: 7503: 7493: 7466: 7446: 7400: 7359: 7351: 7312: 7275: 7267: 7212: 7175: 7167: 7120: 7082: 7072: 7025: 6988: 6980: 6939: 6929: 6882: 6845: 6835: 6794: 6786: 6745: 6737: 6696: 6688: 6632: 6622: 6575: 6493: 6452: 6444: 6395: 6346: 6297: 6256: 6240: 6193: 6152: 6144: 6103: 6095: 6048: 6011: 6001: 5952: 5942: 5901: 5854: 5807: 5763: 5755: 5711: 5703: 5659: 5612: 5577: 5515: 5458: 5440: 5421:"Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol" 5391: 5381: 5291: 5283: 5239: 5196: 5121: 5095: 5075: 5032: 4989: 4907: 4861: 4853: 4768: 4729: 4684: 4652: 4630: 4513: 4471: 4463: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4292: 4282: 4214: 4206: 4160: 4152: 4020: 4012: 3978: 3958: 3874: 3864: 3804: 3764: 3756: 3743:

Schaffert J, LoBue C, Hynan LS, Hart J, Rossetti H, Carlew AR, et al. (2022).

3681: 3673: 3629: 3613: 3529: 3483: 3475: 3431: 3423: 3365: 3357: 3250: 3242: 3168: 3158: 2965: 2936: 2432: 2228: 1987:, are associated with a higher risk of onset and worsened course of AD. The use of 1635: 1502: 1168: 1080: 930: 819:

immediately before death, where there is an unexpected recovery of mental clarity.

767: 727: 720: 696: 692: 662: 579: 422: 141: 135: 94: 17631: 16356: 12955: 12775: 10473:"Hypertension-induced cognitive impairment: from pathophysiology to public health" 9440:"NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease" 9194:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Alzheimer's-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review

8952:"Recent Progress in Alzheimer's Disease Research, Part 3: Diagnosis and Treatment" 7216: 6481: 2601:

Deaths per million persons in 2012 due to dementias including Alzheimer's disease

873:

and cerebral cortex, is a key feature in the progression of Alzheimer's. The 1991

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The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences

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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Huang J (September 2023). "Cognitive Aspects of COVID-19".

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is the total number of cases of the disease in the population at any given time.

2517: 2452: 2119: 2103: 2049: 1882: 1815: 1699: 1691: 1683: 1548: 1498: 1361: 1338: 1330: 1310: 1199: 1002: 894: 832: 674: 670: 666: 618: 513: 462: 442: 355: 35: 17728: 13398:

Mortality from Alzheimer's Disease in the United States: Data for 2000 and 2010.

12810: 12371: 11142: 10056: 8608: 8270:

Ryan SK, Ugalde CL, Rolland AS, Skidmore J, Devos D, Hammond TR (October 2023).

7316: 6482:"The role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders" 5707: 5664: 5647: 2408:

The aim of cognition-oriented treatments, which include reality orientation and

1376:. However, Alzheimer's disease may occur without neurofibrillary tangles in the 1191:, people with Alzheimer's disease go through the reverse process of progressive 18922: 18917: 18537: 18486: 18314: 18023: 17900: 17663: 17604: 17528: 17337: 17304: 17287: 17277: 16081: 14905: 14888: 14503: 14394: 14124:

McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM (July 1984).

13569:"Alzheimer's Disease: Biomarkers in the Genome, Blood, and Cerebrospinal Fluid" 12857: 12706: 12632:

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

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Chu CS, Tseng PT, Stubbs B, Chen TY, Tang CH, Li DJ, et al. (April 2018).

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Kinney JW, Bemiller SM, Murtishaw AS, Leisgang AM, Salazar AM, Lamb BT (2018).

6448: 6133:"APOE epsilon4 is not associated with Alzheimer's disease in elderly Nigerians" 5986:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

5287: 5200: 4912: 4895: 4467: 4016: 3602:"Lewy Body Dementias: Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia" 3246: 3047: 2780: 2736: 2461: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2079: 1862: 1850: 1577: 1389: 1326: 1281: 1257: 1129: 808: 758:

symptoms. Subjects also lose insight of their disease process and limitations (

712: 474: 458: 288: 16577: 16319: 15398: 14941: 14814: 14735: 14718: 14684: 13491: 13321: 13283: 13247: 13230: 13206: 13189: 13158: 12762:

Dennehy C (2006). "Analysis of patients' rights: dementia and PEG insertion".

12644: 12627: 12514: 12420: 12179: 11921: 11715:"Namenda- memantine hydrochloride tablet Namenda- memantine hydrochloride kit" 11485: 11244: 11225:

Drislane F, Hovauimian A, Tarulli A, Boegle AK, McIiduff C, Caplan LR (2019).

10954: 10907: 10890: 10852: 10817: 10782: 10582: 10011: 9980: 9947: 9718: 9396: 9346: 8917: 8549: 8240: 8006: 7949: 7777: 7450: 7405: 7388: 7156:"Alzheimer's disease as homeostatic responses to age-related myelin breakdown" 6984: 6244: 5843:"Mechanisms of neurodegeneration — Insights from familial Alzheimer's disease" 5811: 5125: 5079: 3928: 3869: 3852: 3677: 3479: 1920:

and depression can be common among individuals and are important to rule out.

750:

can also appear. Approximately 30% of people with Alzheimer's disease develop

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associated with its development. The strongest genetic risk factor is from an

19401: 18852: 18563: 18515: 18385: 18154: 18110: 17961: 17697: 17648: 16966: 16509: 15910: 15834: 14331: 13851: 13585: 11375: 10692: 10675: 9996:"Amyloid-associated depression: a prodromal depression of Alzheimer disease?" 7867: 7498: 6822:

Lin X, Kapoor A, Gu Y, Chow MJ, Peng J, Zhao K, et al. (February 2020).

6311: 6252: 6205: 5866: 5648:"Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein" 5454: 4614: 3625: 3427: 3162: 3130: 3011: 2704: 2550: 2382: 2367: 2309: 2281: 2276: 2182: 2056:

recommendations for physical activity is associated with a lower risk of AD.

1905: 1601: 1494: 1474: 1397: 1322: 1318: 1184: 950: 882: 870: 862: 770:

for relatives and caregivers, which can be reduced by moving the person from

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McDade E, Llibre-Guerra JJ, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Bateman RJ (July 2021).

15115: 15080: 14990: 12907: 12603: 12586: 10614:"Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease" 10522:"Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women" 8533: 8336: 8205: 8047: 6006: 5981: 5689: 5445: 5420: 4269:

Thompson CA, Spilsbury K, Hall J, Birks Y, Barnes C, Adamson J (July 2007).

19133: 19069: 18867: 18059: 17929: 17912: 17551: 17332: 16884: 16364: 16327: 16249: 16190: 16149: 16100: 16024: 15785: 15731: 15631: 15608:"Three FDA advisory panel members resign over approval of Alzheimer's drug" 15592: 15543: 15466: 15417: 15320: 14949: 14914: 14779: 14744: 14703: 14641: 14597: 14521: 14464: 14412: 14340: 14294: 14194: 14094: 13869: 13796: 13761: 13712: 13653: 13618:

Rajan KB, Weuve J, Barnes LL, McAninch EA, Wilson RS, Evans DA (May 2021).

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Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang T, Cao L, You Y, Zhang C, et al. (March 2020).

11111: 11054: 11019: 10962: 10916: 10860: 10825: 10790: 10747: 10711: 10649: 10590: 10555: 10506: 10457: 10400: 10365: 10316: 10254: 10213: 10164: 10107: 10029: 9909: 9882: 9839: 9775:

Pasquier F (January 1999). "Early diagnosis of dementia: neuropsychology".

9680: 9622: 9573: 9522: 9473: 9415: 9364: 9312: 9263: 9202: 9130: 9073: 8985: 8936: 8885: 8825: 8774: 8677: 8668: 8651: 8616: 8557: 8515: 8458: 8413: 8344: 8297: 8248: 8170: 8113: 8066: 8054: 8024: 7967: 7910: 7831: 7796: 7737: 7671: 7653: 7622: 7587: 7552: 7517: 7458: 7414: 7373: 7340:"Diagnosis of coexistent neurodegenerative dementias in multiple sclerosis" 7324: 7289: 7224: 7189: 7132: 7096: 7037: 7002: 6953: 6894: 6859: 6808: 6759: 6710: 6646: 6587: 6552: 6505: 6466: 6360: 6335:"Translating cell biology into therapeutic advances in Alzheimer's disease" 6319: 6270: 6213: 6166: 6117: 6060: 6025: 5966: 5915: 5874: 5819: 5777: 5725: 5624: 5529: 5472: 5419:

Wang H, Kulas JA, Wang C, Holtzman DM, Ferris HA, Hansen SB (August 2021).

5405: 5305: 5208: 5133: 5001: 4921: 4875: 4790: 4741: 4698: 4644: 4485: 4355: 4306: 4287: 4228: 4210: 4174: 4034: 3970: 3888: 3816: 3778: 3695: 3662:"Dementia in Down syndrome: unique insights for Alzheimer disease research" 3643: 3543: 3497: 3445: 3379: 3264: 2974: 2859: 2850: 2819: 2776: 2763: 2699: 2668: 2583: 2530: 2474: 2352: 2218: 2155: 2084: 1976: 1731: 1631: 1571:

Exactly how disturbances of production and aggregation of the beta-amyloid

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in length, called amyloid beta. Amyloid beta is a fragment from the larger

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to rule out other possible causes. Initial symptoms are often mistaken for

399: 270: 16181: 16164: 16065:"The informed road map to prevention of Alzheimer Disease: A call to arms" 15884:"FDA Converts Novel Alzheimer's Disease Treatment to Traditional Approval" 15713: 14865: 14858:

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199804)13:4<248::AID-GPS770>3.0.CO;2-0

14822: 14634:

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<662::AID-GPS993>3.0.CO;2-4

14589:

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<651::AID-GPS992>3.0.CO;2-B

14455: 14438: 14238: 14151: 14102: 14059: 13966: 13912: 13693: 13676: 13166: 13080: 13037: 12562: 12545: 12230: 12213: 11410: 10064: 9796: 9788: 9753: 9155: 8213: 7875: 7077: 7060: 6409: 5673: 5589: 5296: 5251: 5173: 5087: 5044: 4993: 4767:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 165. Elsevier. pp. 5–32. 4673:"Multiple cognitive deficits during the transition to Alzheimer's disease" 4525: 4372:. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Archived from 3574:. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Archived from 1946: 1604:

in the cells of Alzheimer's-affected brains, and it also inhibits certain

790:

A normal brain on the left and a late-stage Alzheimer's brain on the right

18975: 18961: 18829: 18018: 17979: 17921: 17536: 17267: 16998: 16748: 16572: 16539: 15667:"Three F.D.A. Advisers Resign Over Agency's Approval of Alzheimer's Drug" 14142: 14125: 13072: 11442: 11425: 9031:. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. p. 611. 6934: 6840: 6627: 6610: 5947: 5930: 3065:

Alzheimer's disease has also been portrayed in music by English musician

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National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke

2538: 2534: 2420: 2210: 2178: 2159: 1992: 1901: 1886: 1822:

abilities, as listed in the fourth text revision of the DSM (DSM-IV-TR).

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emotional signals. Although aggressiveness can still be present, extreme

759: 629:(MCI) is often found to be a transitional stage between normal aging and 614: 590:

of Alzheimer's disease. These early symptoms can affect the most complex

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for a clinical diagnosis of possible or probable Alzheimer's disease. A

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stages (mild cognitive impairment) to Alzheimer's disease. FDA-approved

1477:

into neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Plaques are made up of small

1220:

study employing genetic mouse models to simulate myelin dysfunction and

1155:

may be a contributing factor to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

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The strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease is

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The oldest hypothesis, on which most drug therapies are based, is the

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was a risk factor. However, there is a lack of evidence to show that

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Li Q, Yang X, Xu J, Guo Y, He X, Hu H, et al. (February 2023).

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increase nearly ten-fold, and reach about US$ 9.1 trillion by 2050.

1535:, an internal support structure partly made up of structures called 19076: 18714:

Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)

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Dodge HH, Shen C, Pandav R, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M (February 2003).

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Klafki HW, Staufenbiel M, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J (November 2006).

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are being studied as a way to predict Alzheimer's disease earlier.

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Clinical neurology and neuroanatomy: a localization-based approach

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Alzheimer's disease is believed to occur when abnormal amounts of

457:. A probable diagnosis is based on the history of the illness and 19052: 18838: 17898: 16062: 15909:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

15833:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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harm to the person with Alzheimer's disease or their caregivers.

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are used, since depression can either be concurrent with AD (see

1753:

evaluations when brain material is available and can be examined

1750: 1609: 1581: 1572: 1478: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1314: 1306: 1216: 700: 688: 658: 654: 567: 477:

is needed for a definite diagnosis, but this can only take place

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in the title role. Documentaries on Alzheimer's disease include

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is effective in reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms.

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are not rare in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.

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in brains of those with Alzheimer's disease, especially in the

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may also have a role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.

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damage, which in turn generates in amyloid production and tau

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and can potentially improve outcomes. Behavioral problems or

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Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage: Stories

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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5

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professor who has early onset Alzheimer's disease, based on

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Eight intellectual domains are most commonly impaired in AD—

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and certain subcortical regions. This loss results in gross

1130:

Metal toxicity, smoking, neuroinflammation and air pollution

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Antoine C, Antoine P, Guermonprez P, Frigard B (2004). "".

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abnormalities initiate the disease cascade. In this model,

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has been insufficient to warrant its use for treating AD.

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diagnostic agents used in PET for Alzheimer's disease are

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European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

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European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

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Alzheimer's disease has been portrayed in films such as:

1682:

AD is usually clinically diagnosed based on the person's

1092: 730:

changes become more prevalent. Common manifestations are

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Liu CC, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G (February 2013).

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another condition with symptoms that mimic those of AD.

715:, which leads to frequent incorrect word substitutions ( 17483: 14717:

Gaugler JE, Kane RL, Kane RA, Newcomer R (April 2005).

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Gitlin LN, Hauck WW, Dennis MP, Winter L (March 2005).

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of the affected regions, including degeneration in the

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are also elevated in AD brain compared with controls.

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The first symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to

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Ballard C, Waite J (January 2006). Ballard CG (ed.).

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Applied therapeutics : the clinical use of drugs

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caregivers are subject to high rates of physical and

2806:, and a suspected dementia syndrome, be confirmed by 2792:

Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association

2130:

used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease symptoms

1908:

and rule out metabolic problems (including tests for

1876:

Further neurological examinations are crucial in the

1768:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

1649:

and in the expression of their receptors such as the

1151:

are risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

1072:

disintegrate, destroying the structure of the cell's

156: 124: 109: 16411: 15988: 15430: 14803:

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

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Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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World Health Organization. 15 March 2023 3201: 3179:Focused ultrasound for medication delivery 1712:single-photon emission computed tomography 885:, together with the fact that people with 425:. Other risk factors include a history of 68: 16239: 16229: 16180: 16139: 16090: 16080: 16014: 15721: 15582: 15533: 15523: 15456: 15407: 15397: 14904: 14734: 14693: 14683: 14587: 14511: 14454: 14402: 14330: 14301: 14284: 14141: 13987: 13885: 13859: 13751: 13702: 13692: 13643: 13594: 13584: 13499: 13464: 13447: 13246: 13205: 12915: 12731:Nutrition Essentials for Nursing Practice 12643: 12602: 12561: 12477: 12428: 12379: 12286: 12229: 12104: 12009: 11929: 11876: 11690: 11544: 11534: 11493: 11441: 11355: 11288: 11201: 11191: 11150: 11101: 11009: 10906: 10701: 10691: 10639: 10629: 10545: 10496: 10447: 10355: 10306: 10244: 10203: 10154: 10019: 9701:Current medical diagnosis & treatment 9670: 9660: 9612: 9563: 9553: 9512: 9463: 9422: 9405: 9395: 9354: 9319: 9302: 9253: 9120: 8975: 8943: 8926: 8916: 8875: 8865: 8815: 8805: 8764: 8667: 8505: 8448: 8403: 8287: 8160: 8014: 7957: 7786: 7776: 7661: 7507: 7497: 7404: 7387:Zis P, Hadjivassiliou M (February 2019). 7363: 7279: 7205:The International Journal of Neuroscience 7179: 7153: 7086: 7076: 6992: 6943: 6933: 6849: 6839: 6798: 6749: 6724:Sinyor B, Mineo J, Ochner C (June 2020). 6700: 6636: 6626: 6456: 6399: 6350: 6301: 6260: 6156: 6107: 6015: 6005: 5956: 5946: 5905: 5791:Sims R, Hill M, Williams J (March 2020). 5767: 5715: 5663: 5519: 5462: 5444: 5395: 5385: 5360:Tackenberg C, Kulic L, Nitsch RM (2020). 5295: 4911: 4865: 4756: 4688: 4634: 4475: 4345: 4296: 4286: 4218: 4164: 4024: 3878: 3868: 3768: 3733: 3685: 3633: 3533: 3487: 3435: 3369: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3254: 1523:Alzheimer's disease is also considered a 19448:Herpes simplex virus–associated diseases 19154:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 17781:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia 17377:Depersonalization-derealization disorder 15658: 15550: 15499: 15185:. London: Guardian Media. 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New York: McGraw Hill. p. 236. 9542:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 8590: 7393:Current Treatment Options in Neurology 6766: 6730:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 6717: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6332: 6326: 5341:from the original on 29 September 2020 4719: 3343: 3271: 3147:was approved by the FDA in July 2024. 3094: 3006:Memories of Tomorrow (Ashita no Kioku) 2833: 1746:Assessment of intellectual functioning 1284:images of Alzheimer's disease, in the 831:(Aβ), accumulating extracellularly as 291:after ruling out other possible causes 277:, lack of physical and mental exercise 19105: 18989:ACys+ABri/Cerebral amyloid angiopathy 18943:ATTR/Transthyretin-related hereditary 18802: 17872: 17827: 17695: 17630: 17482: 17209: 17054: 16964: 16784: 16645: 16602: 15677:from the original on 14 November 2021 15665:Belluck P, Robbins R (10 June 2021). 15481:"How Is Alzheimer's Disease Treated?" 15346: 15093: 14355:from the original on 25 February 2022 13410:National Center for Health Statistics 12880: 12727: 11955:Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 11946: 11755:from the original on 21 February 2022 11646:from the original on 22 February 2010 11467: 11423: 9928:Stern SD, Cifu AS, Altkorn D (2020). 9329:Vega JN, Newhouse PA (October 2014). 9240:(5). 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Archived from 14312: 14231:10.1001/archneur.1994.00540240042014 14040:Journal of the Neurological Sciences 13310:Journal of the Neurological Sciences 11785:from the original on 20 January 2022 11725:from the original on 27 January 2022 10631:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.033 10407: 7938:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 7684: 7573: 7172:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.007 4900:The Medical Clinics of North America 4893: 4591:from the original on 30 January 2021 4431:from the original on 24 January 2021 4246: 3985: 3785: 3702: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3117:. Aducanumab was approved by the US 3056:Malcolm and Barbara: Love's Farewell 2882: 2872: 2541:. Other coincident diseases such as 2235:, although excessive amounts in the 1566: 914:Late-onset Alzheimer's is about 70% 30:"Alzheimer" redirects here. For the 19251:Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease 17484:Physiological and physical behavior 15864:from the original on 7 January 2023 15818:from the original on 7 January 2023 15738: 15380:Shi M, Chu F, Zhu F, Zhu J (2022). 15156:"Malcolm and Barbara: A love story" 15130:"Malcolm and Barbara: A love story" 12454:"Reminiscence therapy for dementia" 11857:CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 10227:Viña J, Sanz-Ros J (October 2018). 9277:Bradfield NI, Ames D (April 2020). 8042:. 2023 Sep 15;381(6663):1176-1182. 6653: 6430: 5652:The New England Journal of Medicine 5536: 4139:Khan S, Barve KH, Kumar MS (2020). 3569:"Dementia diagnosis and assessment" 3516:Viña J, Sanz-Ros J (October 2018). 2719:associated old age with increasing 2586:studies: incidence and prevalence. 1626:Various inflammatory processes and 1527:due to abnormal aggregation of the 1414:Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease 1290:granulovacuolar degeneration bodies 1239: 1232:between the demyelinating disease, 1099:have also been linked to dementia. 967:Only 1–2% of Alzheimer's cases are 929:. APOEε4 is one of four alleles of 766:can develop. These symptoms create 24: 18762:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy 17430:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures 16824:Emotional and behavioral disorders 16294: 15225:from the original on 15 April 2021 13030:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00426.x 12140:The American Journal of Psychiatry 11430:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 10100:10.1097/01.nrl.0000252947.15389.a9 9832:10.1097/01.wad.0000189034.43203.60 9746:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x 9649:Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 9384:Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 8572:from the original on 20 March 2022 8276:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 7824:10.1212/01.wnl.0000118212.41542.e7 7730:10.1212/01.WNL.0000129697.01779.0A 7576:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 6520:from the original on 27 March 2022 6100:10.1212/01.wnl.0000194507.39504.17 5570:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 5244:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06235.x 5189:The American Journal of Psychiatry 4773:10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00002-2 4235: 4058:from the original on 17 March 2021 3183:In 2024, a new technique of using 1473:protein into amyloid plaques, and 1333:. Degeneration is also present in 1272: 889:(Down syndrome) who have an extra 25: 19469: 19458:Unsolved problems in neuroscience 18465:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases 18268:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration 17610:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder 16381: 16132:10.2174/1389202919666171229145156 15328:from the original on 19 July 2015 15262:from the original on 18 June 2011 15038:. Webindia123.com. Archived from 12978:"United States Life Tables, 2017" 12550:The British Journal of Psychiatry 11967:10.2174/1568026615666150813143520 11263:Birks JS, Harvey RJ (June 2018). 10299:10.2174/1567205013666160930112125 8441:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.007 7891:Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 6433:"Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease" 6233:Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy 4157:10.2174/1570159X18666200528142429 3304: 3052:Malcolm and Barbara: A Love Story 2840:Alzheimer's disease organizations 2800:NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria 2177:Reduction in the activity of the 2109: 2013:Historically, long-term usage of 1698:supports the diagnosis. Advanced 1696:absence of alternative conditions 1651:brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1608:functions and the utilisation of 1547:stabilises the microtubules when 1296: 594:. The most noticeable deficit is 557: 390:(including easily getting lost), 19443:Diseases named after discoverers 18485:For more detailed coverage, see 18463:For more detailed coverage, see 18434:For more detailed coverage, see 18400:For more detailed coverage, see 18351:For more detailed coverage, see 16910:X-linked intellectual disability 16264: 16205: 16156: 16031: 15982: 15970:from the original on 2 July 2024 15936:from the original on 7 July 2023 15904: 15840: 15828: 15756: 15689: 15646:from the original on 8 July 2023 15473: 15424: 15373: 15340: 15307: 15274: 15248:An Empty Bliss Beyond This World 15237: 15211:Persistent Repetition of Phrases 15201: 15174: 15148: 15122: 15087: 15065:(in Japanese). Tōkyō: Kōbunsha. 15054: 15028: 14997: 14964: 14710: 14479: 13946: 13876: 13811: 13768: 13668: 13611: 13560: 13516: 13415: 13390: 13368:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50006.x 13263: 12994:from the original on 24 May 2021 12970: 12721: 12660: 12445: 12396: 12347: 12075: 11981: 11910:Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 11767: 11737: 11707: 11658: 11632: 11561: 11403:10.1097/00002093-199501002-00005 11305: 11218: 11180:European Neuropsychopharmacology 11167: 11118: 11069: 11026: 10977: 10832: 10797: 10718: 10513: 10464: 10393:10.1111/j.1076-7460.2007.06696.x 10220: 10171: 10122: 9987: 9954: 9580: 9529: 9480: 9371: 9270: 9221: 9209:from the original on 7 July 2023 9184: 9137: 9088: 9045: 8992: 8892: 8757:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.037 8684: 8631:from the original on 3 June 2020 8498:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00378.x 8473: 8420: 8371: 8359:from the original on 3 June 2020 8263: 8128: 8059: 8031: 7982: 4734:10.1034/j.1600-0404.107.s179.8.x 4690:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01386.x 4636:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x 4578:"Alzheimer's disease – Symptoms" 4425:"Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet" 4085:"Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet" 3078:An Empty Bliss Beyond This World 3072:Persistent Repetition of Phrases 2959:Alzheimer's disease in the media 2887: 2328:are modestly useful in reducing 1445: 1436: 1427: 408:withdraw from family and society 140: 93: 19012:AApoA1+AFib+ALys/Familial renal 18938:AA/Familial Mediterranean fever 18828: 16739:Intermittent explosive disorder 16664:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation 15778:10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101547 15512:Clinical Interventions in Aging 15386:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 14672:Clinical Interventions in Aging 11193:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.07.003 10680:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 8693:Dementia: Quick Reference Guide 8135:Huang Y, Mucke L (March 2012). 7678: 7629: 7594: 7524: 7482:"Viruses and neurodegeneration" 7473: 7380: 7331: 7296: 7239: 7196: 7147: 7009: 6960: 6909: 6815: 6473: 6424: 6277: 6220: 6173: 5881: 5834: 5784: 5543:Jacobson M, McCarthy N (2002). 5320: 5266: 5180: 4805: 4713: 4540: 4443: 4427:. National Institute on Aging. 4388: 4362: 4103: 3025:The Bear Came over the Mountain 2844: 2567: 2449:Caring for people with dementia 2347: 2243:death through a process called 2148:acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 1932:Depression of Alzheimer disease 1619:could be involved. Products of 1418: 1407: 963:Early-onset Alzheimer's disease 746:, or resistance to caregiving. 706: 322:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 17382:Dissociative identity disorder 16647:Adult personality and behavior 15966:(Press release). 2 July 2024. 14973:Iris: A Memoir of Iris Murdoch 14265:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 13777:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 13526:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 12846:Journal of Palliative Medicine 12799:Nutrition in Clinical Practice 12470:10.1002/14651858.CD001120.pub3 12279:10.1002/14651858.CD005994.pub2 12097:10.1002/14651858.CD007726.pub2 12002:10.1002/14651858.CD003476.pub2 11683:10.1002/14651858.CD003154.pub6 11598:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 11281:10.1002/14651858.CD001190.pub3 10571:International Psychogeriatrics 10538:10.1002/14651858.CD003122.pub2 10196:10.1002/14651858.CD010632.pub2 10147:10.1002/14651858.CD010386.pub2 10000:Archives of General Psychiatry 9961:Jha A, Mukhopadhaya K (2021). 8956:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 8867:10.12688/f1000research.14506.1 5328:"Alzheimer's disease – Causes" 5068:International Psychogeriatrics 4617:, et al. (January 2007). 4338:10.1002/14651858.CD006489.pub4 3749:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 3660:Lott IT, Head E (March 2019). 3235:Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2750:by Kraepelin, as a subtype of 2582:Two main measures are used in 2128:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor 1553:microtubule-associated protein 1487:amyloid-beta precursor protein 984:amyloid-beta precursor protein 956: 752:illusionary misidentifications 657:), or execution of movements ( 644: 525:seventh leading cause of death 523:trillion. It is ranked as the 13: 1: 19058:ACal/Medullary thyroid cancer 19030:Primary cutaneous amyloidosis 18928:Aβ2M/Haemodialysis-associated 18778:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 18663:Hereditary spastic paraplegia 18521:Normal pressure hydrocephalus 16357:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.034 16345:Journal of Controlled Release 16276:Focused Ultrasound Foundation 14772:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11667-9 14187:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70178-3 14052:10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00128-2 13836:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00249-8 13744:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67889-0 13018:Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 12956:10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.035 12776:10.12968/bjon.2006.15.1.20303 12048:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70295-3 11047:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30450-2 11002:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30318-1 9875:10.1016/S0013-7006(04)95472-3 8905:Journal of Biomedical Science 8396:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)70016-5 7217:10.3109/00207454.2015.1025778 7065:BioMed Research International 6887:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30450-2 6498:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30232-1 6401:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80230-5 6053:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69113-7 5760:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32205-4 5617:10.1016/S0166-2236(00)02031-2 4623:European Journal of Neurology 4518:10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9 3194: 3084:Everywhere at the End of Time 2771:independent of age. The term 2758:, published on 15 July 1910. 2754:in the eighth edition of his 2442: 2097: 1966: 1941: 1912:, electrolyte levels and for 1871:Montreal Cognitive Assessment 1867:mini–mental state examination 1841: 1600:selectively builds up in the 1030: 909: 781: 18747:Progressive muscular atrophy 17786:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia 17323:Generalized anxiety disorder 17056:Neurological and symptomatic 16701:Sexual relationship disorder 16007:10.1212/WNL.0000000000207156 15962:Food and Drug Administration 15894:(Press release). 6 July 2023 15890:Food and Drug Administration 15855:Food and Drug Administration 15812:Food and Drug Administration 15575:10.1212/wnl.0000000000200176 15181:Plunkett J (7 August 2007). 13440:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000512 11536:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040338 9246:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000084 9234:Harvard Review of Psychiatry 9113:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000084 9101:Harvard Review of Psychiatry 9066:10.1080/13607863.2014.920303 7615:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32835a3432 7603:Current Opinion in Neurology 6539:Tomiyama T (July 2010). "". 6198:10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.005 5859:10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.005 5582:10.1016/0165-6147(91)90609-V 5387:10.1371/journal.pone.0239584 4858:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826 4677:Journal of Internal Medicine 4548:"The top 10 causes of death" 3618:10.1212/CON.0000000000000309 3362:10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.11.009 3350:Archives of Medical Research 3123:accelerated approval process 3119:Food and Drug Administration 2943:Cognitive behavioral therapy 2508: 2083:toxic substances, including 2032: 1960:disease-modifying treatments 1716:positron emission tomography 1656: 1551:, and is therefore called a 1392:material outside and around 1380:. Plaques are dense, mostly 1206:during aging contributes to 1036:Amyloid beta and tau protein 637:and is frequently seen as a 7: 18984:Familial amyloid neuropathy 18257:Primary progressive aphasia 17562:REM sleep behavior disorder 17031:Seasonal affective disorder 16829:Separation anxiety disorder 15485:National Institute on Aging 15347:Grady D (24 October 2006). 13955:Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 13920:Maurer U, Maurer K (2003). 13783:(4). IOS Press: 1823–1831. 13104:Annals of Internal Medicine 12811:10.1177/0115426506021002142 12372:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012759 11807:Annals of Internal Medicine 11315:Annals of Internal Medicine 11143:10.1097/MD.0000000000019313 10281:Hsu D, Marshall GA (2017). 10057:10.1212/WNL.48.5_Suppl_6.2S 8848:Weller J, Budson A (2018). 8609:10.2190/Q6J4-R143-P630-KW41 8094:Neuro-Degenerative Diseases 7765:Molecular Neurodegeneration 7317:10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.109 7154:Bartzokis G (August 2011). 7018:Neuro-Degenerative Diseases 5708:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104511 5665:10.1056/NEJM199511093331902 3462:Cheng ST (September 2016). 3344:Mendez MF (November 2012). 3044:2007 novel of the same name 1777:National Institute on Aging 1760: 1543:and back. A protein called 1286:CA3 area of the hippocampus 475:Examination of brain tissue 441:is largely associated with 10: 19474: 18579:Hashimoto's encephalopathy 18285:Posterior cortical atrophy 18106:Striatonigral degeneration 17957:Cavernous sinus thrombosis 17829:Symptoms and uncategorized 16930:developmental disabilities 16696:Sexual maturation disorder 16218:Alzheimer's & Dementia 16114:Lemche E (November 2018). 16082:10.1186/s13024-021-00467-y 16049:– via Business Wire. 15848:"Lecanemab Summary Review" 15437:Alzheimer's & Dementia 15314:Gerrard N (19 July 2015). 15281:Ezra M (23 October 2020). 14504:10.1007/s40120-023-00493-6 14395:10.1007/s40120-022-00335-x 13624:Alzheimer's & Dementia 13567:Huynh RA, Mohan C (2017). 12858:10.1089/109662103764978641 12764:British Journal of Nursing 12707:10.1016/j.clnu.2003.09.015 11424:Stahl SM (November 2000). 11094:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.014 10740:10.1007/s00415-022-11454-8 10526:Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10489:10.1038/s41581-021-00430-6 10440:10.1038/s41598-018-24248-8 9605:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008 9593:Alzheimer's & Dementia 9505:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 9493:Alzheimer's & Dementia 9456:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018 9444:Alzheimer's & Dementia 9335:Current Psychiatry Reports 8289:10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.007 8153:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.040 7545:10.1007/s11910-023-01286-y 7356:10.1093/braincomms/fcac167 7272:10.1038/s41586-023-06120-6 6791:10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014 6779:Alzheimer's & Dementia 6449:10.12779/dnd.2018.17.4.131 5288:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.04.002 5276:Alzheimer's & Dementia 5201:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.704 4913:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.10.009 4468:10.1007/s00018-021-03830-w 4117:(NICE). 20 June 2018. NG97 4017:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.001 3600:Gomperts SN (April 2016). 3468:Current Psychiatry Reports 3247:10.1038/s41572-021-00269-y 3098: 2956: 2876: 2837: 2808:neuropsychological testing 2703:Alois Alzheimer's patient 2694: 2571: 2465:in smaller pieces or even 2446: 2395:simulated presence therapy 2217:and weight, and increased 2036: 1708:magnetic resonance imaging 1660: 1596:). It is also known that A 1463:protein misfolding disease 1411: 1245: 1163:Retrogenesis is a medical 1159:Age-related myelin decline 960: 904: 592:activities of daily living 584:neuropsychological testing 495:activities of daily living 439:protein misfolding disease 337:Life expectancy 3–12 years 40:Alzheimer (disambiguation) 29: 19418:Ailments of unknown cause 19413:Aging-associated diseases 19141: 19043: 19020: 19002: 18974: 18960: 18953:Organ-limited amyloidosis 18951: 18910: 18836: 18685:Spinal muscular atrophies 18653:Primary lateral sclerosis 18635: 18612: 18596: 18551: 18511:Intracranial hypertension 18501: 18473: 18444: 18410: 18372: 18361: 18327: 18305: 18291:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 18230: 18040: 18031: 18017: 17977: 17911: 17834: 17823: 17799: 17791:Simple-type schizophrenia 17768: 17760:Schizophreniform disorder 17737: 17716: 17712: 17691: 17644: 17626: 17595: 17572: 17526: 17493: 17489: 17478: 17400: 17367: 17315: 17258: 17249: 17230: 17226: 17205: 17171: 17138:Mild cognitive impairment 17123:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 17103: 17065: 17061: 17050: 17021:Major depressive disorder 16974: 16960: 16926:Psychological development 16925: 16900: 16797: 16793: 16780: 16709: 16656: 16652: 16641: 16519: 16415: 16320:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101444 15399:10.3389/fnagi.2022.870517 15244:Powell M (14 June 2011). 15132:. Dfgdocs. Archived from 14942:10.1080/13607860120038302 14930:Aging & Mental Health 14815:10.3109/00048679009077702 14685:10.2147/ciia.2006.1.2.143 13492:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.263 13480:Nature Reviews. Neurology 13322:10.1016/j.jns.2007.07.021 13284:10.1038/s41380-020-0760-2 13248:10.1001/archneur.62.5.779 13207:10.1001/archneur.60.2.253 13159:10.1017/S0033291700028191 12515:10.1080/13607860802380631 12503:Aging & Mental Health 12421:10.1002/14651858.CD003152 12180:10.1191/0269215505cr911oa 11922:10.1007/s40267-018-0537-8 11486:10.1002/14651858.CD005593 10955:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101046 10908:10.1590/0004-282X20190149 10853:10.1038/s41582-018-0070-3 10818:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.003 10783:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.003 10583:10.1017/S1041610213001385 10477:Nature Reviews Nephrology 10012:10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.542 9397:10.1186/s13195-018-0459-7 9390:(1). Springer Nature: 7. 9347:10.1007/s11920-014-0490-8 9341:(10). SpringerLink: 490. 9054:Aging & Mental Health 8918:10.1186/s12929-019-0524-y 8550:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.181 8538:Nature Reviews. Neurology 8486:Genes, Brain and Behavior 8241:10.1080/15216540601047767 8007:10.1038/s41593-018-0194-1 7950:10.1007/s00018-007-7220-x 7778:10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5 7451:10.1007/s13760-017-0870-z 7406:10.1007/s11940-019-0552-7 6985:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.018 6245:10.1007/s40291-018-0347-7 5812:10.1038/s41593-020-0599-5 5126:10.1080/13803390701550128 5080:10.1017/S1041610295002134 3870:10.3390/molecules25245789 3678:10.1038/s41582-018-0132-6 3480:10.1007/s11920-016-0721-2 3173:electronic health records 3121:(FDA) in 2021, using the 2896:This section needs to be 2814:confirmation including a 2794:(ADRDA, now known as the 2302:statistically significant 2187:mild cognitive impairment 1995:may be of benefit in AD. 1887:unaware of their deficits 1785:mild cognitive impairment 1153:Exposure to air pollution 879:amyloid precursor protein 845:protein clearance ability 822: 776:long-term care facilities 627:Mild cognitive impairment 601:Subtle problems with the 550:which is associated with 380:remembering recent events 372:neurodegenerative disease 349: 341: 331: 326:NMDA receptor antagonists 315: 295: 281: 252: 244: 236: 228: 207: 183: 171: 85: 76: 67: 59: 54: 19325:Motor vehicle collisions 18752:Progressive bulbar palsy 18543:Intracranial hypotension 18526:Choroid plexus papilloma 17940:Herpesviral encephalitis 17839:Impulse-control disorder 17755:Schizoaffective disorder 17750:Brief reactive psychosis 17447:Mass psychogenic illness 17410:Body dysmorphic disorder 17189:Post-concussion syndrome 16799:Emotional and behavioral 15100:. New York: A.A. Knopf. 14906:10.1093/geronb/56.4.S219 14332:10.37765/ajmc.2020.88482 13824:The Lancet Public Health 13586:10.3389/fneur.2017.00102 12405:"Snoezelen for dementia" 11667:"Memantine for dementia" 11082:Pharmacological Research 10771:Biochemical Pharmacology 10693:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00369 7499:10.1186/1743-422X-10-172 7439:Acta Neurologica Belgica 6431:Kim JH (December 2018). 4328:(Submitted manuscript). 3428:10.1136/jnnp-2019-321913 2952: 2862:of informal caregivers. 2521:for those in their 90s. 2435:, and any other kind of 2359:Behavioral interventions 2265:NMDA receptor antagonist 2172:NMDA receptor antagonist 1859:Neuropsychological tests 1337:nuclei particularly the 1110: 1064:. Eventually, they form 1062:paired helical filaments 949:. For example, Nigerian 839:, or intracellularly as 18264:Frontotemporal dementia 17950:Encephalitis lethargica 17776:Childhood schizophrenia 17128:Frontotemporal dementia 17085:High-functioning autism 16902:Intellectual disability 16567:Alzheimer's disease 16534:Alzheimer's disease 16308:Ageing Research Reviews 15814:(FDA). 6 January 2023. 14736:10.1093/geront/45.2.177 14666:Zhu CW, Sano M (2006). 13396:Tejada-Vera B. (2013). 12908:10.23750/abm.v89i2.7401 12645:10.1093/gerona/60.3.368 12168:Clinical Rehabilitation 10943:Ageing Research Reviews 8337:10.1196/annals.1332.018 8206:10.1126/science.2218531 8048:10.1126/science.abp9556 6345:(6738 Suppl): A23–A31. 6333:Selkoe DJ (June 1999). 6290:Frontiers in Bioscience 6007:10.1073/pnas.0600549103 5605:Trends in Neurosciences 5446:10.1073/pnas.2102191118 5333:National Health Service 4583:National Health Service 3612:(2 Dementia): 435–463. 3058:(2007), both featuring 2879:Caregiving and dementia 2824:statistical reliability 2796:Alzheimer's Association 2713:ancient Greek and Roman 2488: 2471:swallowing difficulties 2437:recreational activities 2326:Atypical antipsychotics 2138:Molecular structure of 1938:supported by evidence. 1836:cerebrovascular disease 1781:Alzheimer's Association 1634:is a general marker of 1368:are clearly visible by 1366:neurofibrillary tangles 1118:are seen as a possible 1105:reactive oxygen species 1066:neurofibrillary tangles 841:neurofibrillary tangles 447:neurofibrillary tangles 19174:Cardiovascular disease 18994:Aβ/Alzheimer's disease 18569:Hepatic encephalopathy 17293:Specific social phobia 17184:Organic brain syndrome 17026:Melancholic depression 16787:Childhood and learning 15810:(Press release). U.S. 15606:Mahase E (June 2021). 14325:(8 Suppl): S177–S183. 14313:Wong W (August 2020). 14095:10.1212/wnl.36.11.1497 13573:Frontiers in Neurology 13147:Psychological Medicine 9898:Acta Médica Portuguesa 8429:Brain Research Reviews 7868:10.1093/cercor/4.2.138 5025:Neuropsychology Review 4288:10.1186/1471-2318-7-18 2989:novel of the same name 2973:'s memoir of his wife 2756:Textbook of Psychiatry 2708: 2664: 2412:, is the reduction of 2271:agent. It acts on the 2267:first used as an anti- 2143: 2131: 1955: 1898:thyroid function tests 1878:differential diagnosis 1855: 1675: 1640:immunological response 1293: 1183:process starting with 1045: 859:cholinergic hypothesis 791: 665:of the person's life ( 571: 437:. The progress of the 384:problems with language 297:Differential diagnosis 287:Based on symptoms and 194:problems with language 38:. For other uses, see 19453:Learning disabilities 19352:Risky sexual behavior 19136:of medical conditions 18627:Ataxia–telangiectasia 18584:Static encephalopathy 18307:Mitochondrial disease 18145:Spasmodic torticollis 18055:Basal ganglia disease 17849:Psychomotor agitation 17639:and substance-related 17582:Postpartum depression 17462:Somatization disorder 17348:Acute stress reaction 17113:AIDS dementia complex 16272:"Alzheimer's Disease" 16182:10.14283/jpad.2020.11 16169:J Prev Alzheimers Dis 15714:10.14336/AD.2021.0719 14492:Neurology and Therapy 14456:10.14283/jpad.2021.17 14443:J Prev Alzheimers Dis 14219:Archives of Neurology 14175:The Lancet. Neurology 13967:10.1002/gps.930050603 13235:Archives of Neurology 13194:Archives of Neurology 12604:10.1093/geront/41.1.4 12563:10.1192/bjp.183.3.248 12231:10.1212/WNL.56.9.1154 12036:The Lancet. Neurology 10618:Neurobiology of Aging 9789:10.1007/s004150050299 9156:10.4324/9780203772287 8384:The Lancet. Neurology 7160:Neurobiology of Aging 6875:The Lancet. Neurology 5744:"Alzheimer's disease" 5500:Nature Communications 4994:10.1007/s004060050101 4894:Atri A (March 2019). 4506:Neurobiology of Aging 3290:"Dementia Fact sheet" 2877:Further information: 2702: 2667:Regarding incidence, 2600: 2447:Further information: 2403:challenging behaviors 2342:movement difficulties 2137: 2117: 2037:Further information: 1973:hypercholesterolaemia 1949: 1849: 1670: 1590:programmed cell death 1531:. Every neuron has a 1491:transmembrane protein 1280: 1256:The association with 1202:and their associated 1189:cognitive development 1097:Spirochete infections 1043: 961:Further information: 789: 565: 224:in the terminal stage 19342:Periodontal diseases 18968:AANF/Isolated atrial 18911:Systemic amyloidosis 18574:Toxic encephalopathy 18280:Lewy bodies dementia 17844:Klüver–Bucy syndrome 17674:Substance dependence 17587:Postpartum psychosis 17133:Huntington's disease 16915:Lujan–Fryns syndrome 16764:Personality disorder 16405:portal.brain-map.org 14143:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 13988:Kraepelin E (2007). 13272:Molecular Psychiatry 13073:10.1212/wnl.47.2.433 12950:(Suppl 1): 237–243. 12674:on 25 September 2006 11751:. 15 November 2019. 11721:. 15 November 2018. 11443:10.4088/JCP.v61n1101 11356:Berkowitz A (2017). 11227:Blueprints neurology 10728:Journal of Neurology 10624:(Suppl 2): S74–S78. 10051:(5 Suppl 6): S2–S9. 9777:Journal of Neurology 9655:(Suppl 1). 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Genetics 11781:. 22 January 2019. 10432:2018NatSR...8.5804C 10348:10.1503/cmaj.070796 9555:10.2147/NDT.S123428 9295:10.1192/bjb.2019.77 8720:on 27 February 2008 8329:2004NYASA1035..290G 8198:1990Sci...250..279Y 8073:. 15 September 2023 7995:Nature Neuroscience 7648:(Pt 8): 2048–2057. 7264:2023Natur.618..349D 7078:10.1155/2015/291658 6568:Annals of Neurology 6137:Annals of Neurology 5998:2006PNAS..103.5644M 5849:. Gamma Secretase. 5512:2014NatCo...5.5659V 5437:2021PNAS..11802191W 5431:(33): e2102191118. 5378:2020PLoSO..1539584T 4402:on 29 November 2014 4145:Curr Neuropharmacol 3231:"Alzheimer disease" 3189:blood-brain barrier 3095:Research directions 3036:Columbia University 2834:Society and culture 2769:Alzheimer's disease 2741:Alzheimer's disease 2399:attachment theories 2387:sensory integration 2253:Parkinson's disease 2019:estrogen deficiency 1924:Psychological tests 1724:radiopharmaceutical 1704:computed tomography 1325:, and parts of the 1089:Parkinson's disease 1058:hyperphosphorylated 941:and by 15 times in 897:of apolipoprotein, 867:cholinergic neurons 687:and decreased word 613:, flexibility, and 603:executive functions 435:high blood pressure 431:clinical depression 364:Alzheimer's disease 267:clinical depression 55:Alzheimer's disease 19308:Metabolic syndrome 18658:Pseudobulbar palsy 18396:Status epilepticus 18347:Multiple sclerosis 18184:Myoclonic epilepsy 18047:movement disorders 17993:Acute disseminated 17935:Viral encephalitis 17743:schizophrenia-like 17387:Dissociative fugue 16836:Movement disorders 16520:External resources 15929:The New York Times 15671:The New York Times 15449:10.1002/trc2.12385 15355:The New York Times 15289:The New York Times 15221:. 26 August 2009. 15189:on 15 January 2008 15061:Ogiwara H (2004). 15042:on 6 November 2007 14975:. London: Abacus. 14277:10.3233/JAD-190426 13789:10.3233/JAD-210493 13538:10.3233/JAD-201463 12695:Clinical Nutrition 12146:(12 Suppl): 5–56. 11397:(Suppl 2): 23–28. 10895:Arq Neuropsiquiatr 10420:Scientific Reports 10287:Curr Alzheimer Res 8968:10.3233/JAD-160907 8807:10.3390/ph14020110 8591:Mendez MF (2006). 8492:(Suppl 1): 43–56. 7691:Diagnostic Imaging 7125:10.1007/pl00014170 6742:10.3233/ADR-200171 6284:Piaceri I (2013). 6186:Revue Neurologique 5521:10.1038/ncomms6659 5037:10.1007/BF01108841 4376:on 5 December 2014 3911:Clinical neurology 3761:10.3233/JAD-215200 3581:on 5 December 2014 3321:www.uclahealth.org 3185:focused ultrasound 3101:Anti-amyloid drugs 3089:William Utermohlen 2733:medical literature 2709: 2665: 2495:Mediterranean diet 2473:arise, the use of 2414:cognitive deficits 2379:validation therapy 2257:multiple sclerosis 2144: 2132: 2118:Three-dimensional 1956: 1856: 1692:neuropsychological 1676: 1621:lipid peroxidation 1519:Phosphorylated tau 1505:act together in a 1294: 1234:multiple sclerosis 1116:Sleep disturbances 1046: 973:autosomal dominant 875:amyloid hypothesis 792: 740:emotional lability 669:), facts learned ( 572: 531:Signs and symptoms 471:normal brain aging 306:Lewy body dementia 302:Normal brain aging 19395: 19394: 19382:Teenage pregnancy 19268:Domestic violence 19263:Diabetes mellitus 19099: 19098: 19095: 19094: 19070:APro/Prolactinoma 18933:AGel/Finnish type 18796: 18795: 18792: 18791: 18788: 18787: 18592: 18591: 18497: 18496: 18436:Template:Headache 18402:Template:Epilepsy 18323: 18322: 18297:Vascular dementia 18140:Status dystonicus 18013: 18012: 17988:Encephalomyelitis 17866: 17865: 17862: 17861: 17819: 17818: 17815: 17814: 17687: 17686: 17622: 17621: 17618: 17617: 17474: 17473: 17470: 17469: 17363: 17362: 17201: 17200: 17197: 17196: 17158:Vascular dementia 17080:Asperger syndrome 17046: 17045: 16956: 16955: 16952: 16951: 16890:Tourette syndrome 16776: 16775: 16772: 16771: 16596: 16595: 16231:10.1002/alz.12967 15702:Aging and Disease 15624:10.1136/bmj.n1503 15107:978-0-375-41300-1 15072:978-4-334-92446-1 15021:978-0-7862-0821-0 15004:Sparks N (1996). 14982:978-0-349-11215-2 14971:Bayley J (2000). 14723:The Gerontologist 14551:on 8 January 2011 14225:(12): 1198–1204. 14089:(11): 1497–1499. 14024:978-0-89004-225-0 13999:978-1-4325-0833-3 13937:978-0-231-11896-5 13636:10.1002/alz.12362 13630:(12): 1966–1975. 13400:Hyattsville, MD: 12741:978-0-7817-6651-7 12728:Dudek SB (2007). 12591:The Gerontologist 11869:10.1111/cns.13095 11579:978-1-60913-713-7 11367:978-1-259-83440-0 11236:978-1-4963-8739-4 10996:(11): 1016–1024. 10806:Biochem Pharmacol 10246:10.1111/eci.13005 9972:978-3-030-56739-2 9939:978-1-260-12111-7 9900:(in Portuguese). 9710:978-1-260-46986-8 9165:978-0-203-77228-7 9038:978-0-89042-555-8 9009:978-0-89042-025-6 8710:978-1-84629-312-2 8192:(4978): 279–282. 8106:10.1159/000105156 7944:(17): 2219–2233. 7724:(11): 1984–1989. 7582:(Suppl 9): 7–10. 7258:(7964): 349–357. 7030:10.1159/000283480 6693:10.1111/nan.12529 6580:10.1002/ana.21321 6149:10.1002/ana.20694 6047:(9533): 387–403. 5992:(15): 5644–5651. 5658:(19): 1242–1247. 5337:. 24 April 2023. 4823:978-1-4377-0434-1 4782:978-0-444-64012-3 4462:(11): 4907–4920. 4456:Cell Mol Life Sci 4151:(11): 1106–1125. 3920:978-1-259-86173-4 3803:(11): 1109–1124. 3535:10.1111/eci.13005 3422:(11): 1201–1209. 3015:(2006), based on 2983:(2004), based on 2969:(2001), based on 2947:coping strategies 2917: 2916: 2873:Caregiving burden 2856:nursing home care 2790:(NINCDS) and the 2715:philosophers and 2227:is an excitatory 2061:cognitive reserve 1904:levels, rule out 1800:perceptual skills 1694:features and the 1567:Disease mechanism 1181:neurodegeneration 1085:neuroinflammation 713:recall vocabulary 681:Language problems 615:abstract thinking 596:short term memory 486:social engagement 459:cognitive testing 404:behavioral issues 361: 360: 345:50 million (2020) 289:cognitive testing 283:Diagnostic method 248:Poorly understood 232:Over 65 years old 49:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 19465: 19313:Mental disorders 19126: 19119: 19112: 19103: 19102: 19082:AIAPP/Insulinoma 18958: 18957: 18841:forming proteins 18823: 18816: 18809: 18800: 18799: 18610: 18609: 18601: 18600: 18559:Brain herniation 18370: 18369: 18210:Intention tremor 18205:Essential tremor 18070:Postencephalitic 18038: 18037: 18029: 18028: 17918: 17917: 17899:Diseases of the 17893: 17886: 17879: 17870: 17869: 17825: 17824: 17714: 17713: 17693: 17692: 17628: 17627: 17503:Anorexia nervosa 17491: 17490: 17480: 17479: 17457:Psychogenic pain 17425:Globus pharyngis 17273:Childhood phobia 17256: 17255: 17228: 17227: 17207: 17206: 17063: 17062: 17052: 17051: 16962: 16961: 16861:Selective mutism 16812:Conduct disorder 16795: 16794: 16782: 16781: 16759:Trichotillomania 16734:Gender dysphoria 16729:Fear of intimacy 16686:Sexual anhedonia 16654: 16653: 16643: 16642: 16630:Mental disorders 16623: 16616: 16609: 16600: 16599: 16413: 16412: 16408: 16396: 16393:www.alzforum.org 16376: 16339: 16288: 16287: 16285: 16283: 16268: 16262: 16261: 16243: 16233: 16224:(8): 3506–3518. 16209: 16203: 16202: 16184: 16160: 16154: 16153: 16143: 16111: 16105: 16104: 16094: 16084: 16069:Mol Neurodegener 16060: 16051: 16050: 16048: 16046: 16035: 16029: 16028: 16018: 15986: 15980: 15979: 15977: 15975: 15952: 15946: 15945: 15943: 15941: 15920: 15914: 15908: 15907: 15903: 15901: 15899: 15880: 15874: 15873: 15871: 15869: 15863: 15852: 15844: 15838: 15832: 15831: 15827: 15825: 15823: 15804: 15798: 15797: 15760: 15754: 15753: 15745: 15736: 15735: 15725: 15708:(8): 1964–1976. 15693: 15687: 15686: 15684: 15682: 15662: 15656: 15655: 15653: 15651: 15603: 15597: 15596: 15586: 15554: 15548: 15547: 15537: 15527: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15492: 15477: 15471: 15470: 15460: 15428: 15422: 15421: 15411: 15401: 15377: 15371: 15370: 15368: 15366: 15352: 15344: 15338: 15337: 15335: 15333: 15311: 15305: 15304: 15302: 15300: 15286: 15278: 15272: 15271: 15269: 15267: 15246:"The Caretaker: 15241: 15235: 15234: 15232: 15230: 15209:"The Caretaker: 15205: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15194: 15178: 15172: 15171: 15169: 15167: 15152: 15146: 15145: 15143: 15141: 15126: 15120: 15119: 15094:Munro A (2001). 15091: 15085: 15084: 15058: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15047: 15032: 15026: 15025: 15001: 14995: 14994: 14968: 14962: 14961: 14925: 14919: 14918: 14908: 14899:(4): S219–S228. 14884: 14878: 14877: 14841: 14835: 14834: 14798: 14792: 14791: 14755: 14749: 14748: 14738: 14714: 14708: 14707: 14697: 14687: 14663: 14654: 14653: 14616: 14610: 14609: 14591: 14567: 14561: 14560: 14558: 14556: 14550: 14543: 14535: 14526: 14525: 14515: 14498:(4): 1051–1068. 14483: 14477: 14476: 14458: 14434: 14425: 14424: 14406: 14374: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14334: 14310: 14299: 14298: 14288: 14256: 14243: 14242: 14213: 14207: 14206: 14170: 14164: 14163: 14145: 14121: 14115: 14114: 14078: 14072: 14071: 14035: 14029: 14028: 14010: 14004: 14003: 13985: 13979: 13978: 13950: 13944: 13941: 13916: 13895: 13880: 13874: 13873: 13863: 13830:(2): e105–e125. 13815: 13809: 13808: 13772: 13766: 13765: 13755: 13723: 13717: 13716: 13706: 13696: 13672: 13666: 13665: 13647: 13615: 13609: 13608: 13598: 13588: 13564: 13558: 13557: 13520: 13514: 13513: 13503: 13471: 13462: 13461: 13451: 13419: 13413: 13394: 13388: 13387: 13351: 13342: 13341: 13305: 13296: 13295: 13267: 13261: 13260: 13250: 13226: 13220: 13219: 13209: 13185: 13179: 13178: 13142: 13136: 13135: 13099: 13093: 13092: 13056: 13050: 13049: 13013: 13004: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12993: 12982: 12974: 12968: 12967: 12939: 12930: 12929: 12919: 12887: 12878: 12877: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12794: 12788: 12787: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12725: 12719: 12718: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12679: 12664: 12658: 12657: 12647: 12623: 12617: 12616: 12606: 12582: 12576: 12575: 12565: 12541: 12535: 12534: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12481: 12449: 12443: 12442: 12432: 12400: 12394: 12393: 12383: 12351: 12345: 12344: 12325:10.1002/gps.1643 12307: 12301: 12300: 12290: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12233: 12224:(9): 1154–1166. 12206: 12200: 12199: 12162: 12156: 12155: 12134: 12119: 12118: 12108: 12079: 12073: 12067: 12030: 12024: 12023: 12013: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11933: 11897: 11891: 11890: 11880: 11848: 11839: 11838: 11801: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11771: 11765: 11764: 11762: 11760: 11741: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11711: 11705: 11704: 11694: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11593: 11584: 11583: 11565: 11559: 11558: 11548: 11538: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11497: 11465: 11456: 11455: 11445: 11421: 11415: 11414: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11327:10.7326/M19-3887 11309: 11303: 11302: 11292: 11260: 11249: 11248: 11222: 11216: 11215: 11205: 11195: 11171: 11165: 11164: 11154: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11105: 11073: 11067: 11066: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11013: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10938: 10929: 10928: 10910: 10886: 10873: 10872: 10836: 10830: 10829: 10801: 10795: 10794: 10766: 10760: 10759: 10722: 10716: 10715: 10705: 10695: 10671: 10662: 10661: 10643: 10633: 10609: 10603: 10602: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10549: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10500: 10468: 10462: 10461: 10451: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10359: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10310: 10278: 10267: 10266: 10248: 10224: 10218: 10217: 10207: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10158: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10040: 10034: 10033: 10023: 9991: 9985: 9984: 9958: 9952: 9951: 9925: 9914: 9913: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9815: 9809: 9808: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9696: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9664: 9662:10.1186/alzrt198 9640: 9627: 9626: 9616: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9567: 9557: 9533: 9527: 9526: 9516: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9467: 9435: 9420: 9419: 9409: 9399: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9358: 9326: 9317: 9316: 9306: 9283:BJPsych Bulletin 9274: 9268: 9267: 9257: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9124: 9092: 9086: 9085: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9025: 9014: 9013: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8979: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8930: 8920: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8879: 8869: 8845: 8830: 8829: 8819: 8809: 8785: 8779: 8778: 8768: 8751:(4): 1196–1206. 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8719: 8713:. Archived from 8698: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8671: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8529: 8520: 8519: 8509: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8452: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8407: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8308: 8302: 8301: 8291: 8267: 8261: 8260: 8224: 8218: 8217: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8147:(6): 1204–1222. 8132: 8126: 8125: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8063: 8057: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8018: 8001:(8): 1038–1048. 7986: 7980: 7979: 7961: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7818:(7): 1141–1147. 7807: 7801: 7800: 7790: 7780: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7665: 7633: 7627: 7626: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7511: 7501: 7486:Virology Journal 7477: 7471: 7470: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7408: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7367: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7283: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7166:(8): 1341–1371. 7151: 7145: 7144: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7090: 7080: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6996: 6979:(9): 1843–1868. 6964: 6958: 6957: 6947: 6937: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6843: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6802: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6753: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6704: 6672: 6651: 6650: 6640: 6630: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6460: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6403: 6394:(5): 1005–1013. 6379: 6373: 6372: 6354: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6305: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6264: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6160: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6111: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6019: 6009: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5960: 5950: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5909: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5797: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5771: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5719: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5667: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5523: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5466: 5448: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5399: 5389: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5299: 5282:(8): 1107–1114. 5270: 5264: 5263: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5157: 5146: 5145: 5109: 5100: 5099: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5020: 5014: 5013: 4977: 4934: 4933: 4915: 4891: 4880: 4879: 4869: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4692: 4668: 4657: 4656: 4638: 4610: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4574: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4501: 4490: 4489: 4479: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4421: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4349: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4300: 4290: 4266: 4253: 4252: 4244: 4233: 4232: 4222: 4190: 4179: 4178: 4168: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4091:on 23 March 2022 4081: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4028: 3996: 3983: 3982: 3963:10.1136/bmj.b158 3946: 3933: 3932: 3906: 3893: 3892: 3882: 3872: 3848: 3821: 3820: 3809:10.1002/gps.3946 3792: 3783: 3782: 3772: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3721:. 30 August 2023 3711: 3700: 3699: 3689: 3657: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3580: 3573: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3537: 3513: 3502: 3501: 3491: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3439: 3407: 3384: 3383: 3373: 3341: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3313: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3286: 3269: 3268: 3258: 3226: 3171:algorithms with 3169:Machine learning 3157:, inflammation, 3034:(2014), about a 2937:social isolation 2935:disruptions and 2912: 2909: 2903: 2891: 2890: 2883: 2676:African American 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2549:, or history of 2229:neurotransmitter 1997:Antihypertensive 1710:(MRI), and with 1449: 1440: 1431: 1345:. Studies using 1240:Other hypotheses 1200:oligodendrocytes 1175:and ending with 1169:neurodevelopment 1145:Systemic markers 1081:oxidative stress 931:apolipoprotein E 728:neuropsychiatric 721:Long-term memory 697:fine motor tasks 693:written language 522: 519: 423:apolipoprotein E 163: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 139: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 120: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 102: 99: 72: 52: 51: 21: 18:Alzheimer's 19473: 19472: 19468: 19467: 19466: 19464: 19463: 19462: 19398: 19397: 19396: 19391: 19137: 19130: 19100: 19091: 19087:Type 2 diabetes 19039: 19035:Amyloid purpura 19016: 18998: 18970: 18947: 18906: 18832: 18827: 18797: 18784: 18710:Congenital DSMA 18631: 18588: 18547: 18493: 18481:Sleep disorders 18469: 18446:Cerebrovascular 18440: 18406: 18363: 18357: 18319: 18301: 18226: 18172:Choreoathetosis 18045: 18022: 18009: 17973: 17907: 17897: 17867: 17858: 17830: 17811: 17795: 17764: 17742: 17733: 17708: 17683: 17640: 17637:substance abuse 17614: 17591: 17568: 17522: 17508:Bulimia nervosa 17485: 17466: 17442:Hypochondriasis 17437:False pregnancy 17420:Ganser syndrome 17402:Somatic symptom 17396: 17359: 17311: 17300:Specific phobia 17245: 17222: 17193: 17167: 17099: 17095:Savant syndrome 17067:Autism spectrum 17057: 17042: 16970: 16948: 16927: 16921: 16896: 16789: 16768: 16744:Dermatillomania 16705: 16691:Sexual anorexia 16648: 16637: 16627: 16597: 16592: 16591: 16515: 16514: 16424: 16399: 16387: 16384: 16379: 16297: 16295:Further reading 16292: 16291: 16281: 16279: 16278:. 1 August 2024 16270: 16269: 16265: 16210: 16206: 16161: 16157: 16112: 16108: 16061: 16054: 16044: 16042: 16037: 16036: 16032: 15987: 15983: 15973: 15971: 15954: 15953: 15949: 15939: 15937: 15932:. 6 July 2023. 15922: 15921: 15917: 15905: 15897: 15895: 15882: 15881: 15877: 15867: 15865: 15861: 15850: 15846: 15845: 15841: 15829: 15821: 15819: 15806: 15805: 15801: 15766:Disease-a-Month 15761: 15757: 15746: 15739: 15694: 15690: 15680: 15678: 15663: 15659: 15649: 15647: 15604: 15600: 15569:(15): 619–631. 15555: 15551: 15504: 15500: 15490: 15488: 15479: 15478: 15474: 15429: 15425: 15378: 15374: 15364: 15362: 15345: 15341: 15331: 15329: 15312: 15308: 15298: 15296: 15279: 15275: 15265: 15263: 15242: 15238: 15228: 15226: 15207: 15206: 15202: 15192: 15190: 15179: 15175: 15165: 15163: 15154: 15153: 15149: 15139: 15137: 15128: 15127: 15123: 15108: 15092: 15088: 15073: 15063:Ashita no Kioku 15059: 15055: 15045: 15043: 15034: 15033: 15029: 15022: 15002: 14998: 14983: 14969: 14965: 14926: 14922: 14885: 14881: 14842: 14838: 14799: 14795: 14756: 14752: 14715: 14711: 14664: 14657: 14617: 14613: 14568: 14564: 14554: 14552: 14548: 14541: 14537: 14536: 14529: 14484: 14480: 14435: 14428: 14375: 14368: 14358: 14356: 14319:Am J Manag Care 14311: 14302: 14257: 14246: 14214: 14210: 14171: 14167: 14122: 14118: 14079: 14075: 14036: 14032: 14025: 14011: 14007: 14000: 13986: 13982: 13951: 13947: 13938: 13898: 13894:(1–2): 146–148. 13881: 13877: 13816: 13812: 13773: 13769: 13724: 13720: 13673: 13669: 13616: 13612: 13565: 13561: 13521: 13517: 13472: 13465: 13420: 13416: 13395: 13391: 13352: 13345: 13306: 13299: 13268: 13264: 13227: 13223: 13186: 13182: 13143: 13139: 13100: 13096: 13057: 13053: 13014: 13007: 12997: 12995: 12991: 12980: 12976: 12975: 12971: 12940: 12933: 12896:Acta Bio-Medica 12888: 12881: 12838: 12834: 12795: 12791: 12760: 12756: 12746: 12744: 12742: 12726: 12722: 12691: 12687: 12677: 12675: 12666: 12665: 12661: 12624: 12620: 12583: 12579: 12542: 12538: 12499: 12495: 12464:(3): CD001120. 12450: 12446: 12415:(4): CD003152. 12401: 12397: 12352: 12348: 12308: 12304: 12273:(1): CD005994. 12259: 12255: 12207: 12203: 12163: 12159: 12135: 12122: 12106:1854/LU-3109108 12091:(3): CD007726. 12080: 12076: 12072:, January 2009. 12031: 12027: 11996:(1): CD003476. 11986: 11982: 11951: 11947: 11898: 11894: 11849: 11842: 11802: 11798: 11788: 11786: 11773: 11772: 11768: 11758: 11756: 11743: 11742: 11738: 11728: 11726: 11713: 11712: 11708: 11677:(3): CD003154. 11663: 11659: 11649: 11647: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11610:10.1038/nrd1958 11594: 11587: 11580: 11566: 11562: 11515: 11511: 11480:(1): CD005593. 11466: 11459: 11436:(11): 813–814. 11422: 11418: 11387: 11383: 11368: 11354: 11350: 11321:(10): 656–668. 11310: 11306: 11275:(6): CD001190. 11261: 11252: 11237: 11223: 11219: 11172: 11168: 11123: 11119: 11074: 11070: 11031: 11027: 10982: 10978: 10939: 10932: 10901:(11): 815–824. 10887: 10876: 10847:(11): 653–666. 10837: 10833: 10802: 10798: 10767: 10763: 10723: 10719: 10672: 10665: 10610: 10606: 10567: 10563: 10532:(1): CD003122. 10518: 10514: 10483:(10): 639–654. 10469: 10465: 10412: 10408: 10377: 10373: 10328: 10324: 10279: 10270: 10225: 10221: 10190:(1): CD010632. 10176: 10172: 10141:(7): CD010386. 10127: 10123: 10088:The Neurologist 10084: 10080: 10041: 10037: 9992: 9988: 9973: 9959: 9955: 9940: 9926: 9917: 9894: 9890: 9859: 9855: 9816: 9812: 9773: 9769: 9730: 9726: 9711: 9697: 9688: 9641: 9630: 9585: 9581: 9534: 9530: 9485: 9481: 9436: 9423: 9376: 9372: 9327: 9320: 9275: 9271: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9173: 9166: 9142: 9138: 9093: 9089: 9050: 9046: 9039: 9027: 9026: 9017: 9010: 8998: 8997: 8993: 8948: 8944: 8897: 8893: 8846: 8833: 8794:Pharmaceuticals 8786: 8782: 8737: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8717: 8711: 8699:. London: (UK) 8696: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8648: 8644: 8634: 8632: 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8544:(11): 634–642. 8530: 8523: 8478: 8474: 8425: 8421: 8376: 8372: 8362: 8360: 8309: 8305: 8282:(10): 674–688. 8268: 8264: 8235:(12): 686–694. 8225: 8221: 8182: 8178: 8133: 8129: 8090: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8036: 8032: 7987: 7983: 7930: 7926: 7887: 7883: 7856:Cerebral Cortex 7851: 7847: 7808: 7804: 7757: 7753: 7714: 7710: 7700: 7698: 7683: 7679: 7634: 7630: 7599: 7595: 7572: 7568: 7529: 7525: 7478: 7474: 7434: 7430: 7385: 7381: 7336: 7332: 7301: 7297: 7244: 7240: 7201: 7197: 7152: 7148: 7108: 7104: 7057: 7053: 7014: 7010: 6965: 6961: 6914: 6910: 6871: 6867: 6820: 6816: 6771: 6767: 6722: 6718: 6673: 6654: 6607: 6603: 6564: 6560: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6478: 6474: 6429: 6425: 6380: 6376: 6331: 6327: 6282: 6278: 6225: 6221: 6178: 6174: 6129: 6125: 6080: 6076: 6037: 6033: 5978: 5974: 5927: 5923: 5886: 5882: 5839: 5835: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5740: 5733: 5688: 5681: 5644: 5640: 5601: 5597: 5576:(10): 383–388. 5566: 5562: 5555: 5541: 5537: 5492: 5488: 5417: 5413: 5372:(9): e0239584. 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5271: 5267: 5228: 5224: 5185: 5181: 5158: 5149: 5110: 5103: 5064: 5060: 5021: 5017: 4978: 4937: 4892: 4883: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4810: 4806: 4783: 4761: 4757: 4728:(s179): 42–46. 4718: 4714: 4669: 4660: 4611: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4587:. 10 May 2018. 4576: 4575: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4502: 4493: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4332:(4): CD006489. 4318: 4314: 4267: 4256: 4245: 4236: 4191: 4182: 4137: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4050: 4049: 4042: 3997: 3986: 3947: 3936: 3921: 3907: 3896: 3849: 3824: 3793: 3786: 3741: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3713: 3712: 3703: 3658: 3651: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3559: 3514: 3505: 3460: 3453: 3408: 3387: 3342: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3315: 3314: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3287: 3272: 3227: 3202: 3197: 3181: 3145:benzgalantamine 3103: 3097: 3060:Malcolm Pointon 2985:Nicholas Sparks 2961: 2955: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2892: 2888: 2881: 2875: 2847: 2842: 2836: 2818:examination of 2812:histopathologic 2752:senile dementia 2725:Alois Alzheimer 2697: 2684:Hispanic/Latino 2663: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2584:epidemiological 2580: 2570: 2518:Life expectancy 2511: 2491: 2455: 2453:Palliative care 2445: 2350: 2120:molecular model 2112: 2100: 2080:sleep disorders 2050:neuroplasticity 2041: 2035: 1969: 1944: 1910:kidney function 1883:mental function 1863:cognitive tests 1851:Cognitive tests 1844: 1816:problem solving 1763: 1700:medical imaging 1684:medical history 1665: 1659: 1599: 1578:amyloid fibrils 1569: 1559:dysregulation. 1521: 1499:gamma secretase 1495:cell's membrane 1459: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1442: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1339:locus coeruleus 1331:cingulate gyrus 1311:cerebral cortex 1299: 1292:(bottom center) 1282:Histopathologic 1275: 1273:Pathophysiology 1254: 1242: 1171:beginning with 1161: 1132: 1113: 1038: 1033: 1003:amyloid plaques 965: 959: 912: 907: 833:amyloid plaques 825: 809:pressure ulcers 784: 726:Behavioral and 709: 675:implicit memory 671:semantic memory 667:episodic memory 647: 619:semantic memory 560: 533: 520: 517: 514:Alois Alzheimer 463:medical imaging 443:amyloid plaques 356:Alois Alzheimer 167: 143: 134: 133: 96: 92: 50: 43: 36:Alois Alzheimer 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19471: 19461: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19393: 19392: 19390: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19338: 19337: 19327: 19322: 19321: 19320: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19254: 19253: 19243: 19238: 19237: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19176: 19171: 19169:Binge drinking 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19145: 19143: 19139: 19138: 19129: 19128: 19121: 19114: 19106: 19097: 19096: 19093: 19092: 19090: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19073: 19072: 19067: 19061: 19060: 19055: 19049: 19047: 19041: 19040: 19038: 19037: 19032: 19026: 19024: 19018: 19017: 19015: 19014: 19008: 19006: 19000: 18999: 18997: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18980: 18978: 18972: 18971: 18966: 18964: 18955: 18949: 18948: 18946: 18945: 18940: 18935: 18930: 18925: 18923:AA amyloidosis 18920: 18918:AL amyloidosis 18914: 18912: 18908: 18907: 18905: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18844: 18842: 18834: 18833: 18826: 18825: 18818: 18811: 18803: 18794: 18793: 18790: 18789: 18786: 18785: 18783: 18782: 18781: 18780: 18769: 18768: 18767: 18766: 18765: 18764: 18759: 18749: 18744: 18743: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18731: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18682: 18668: 18667: 18666: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18641: 18639: 18633: 18632: 18630: 18629: 18624: 18618: 18616: 18607: 18598: 18594: 18593: 18590: 18589: 18587: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18555: 18553: 18549: 18548: 18546: 18545: 18540: 18538:Cerebral edema 18535: 18534: 18533: 18528: 18523: 18518: 18507: 18505: 18499: 18498: 18495: 18494: 18492: 18491: 18490: 18489: 18487:Template:Sleep 18477: 18475: 18471: 18470: 18468: 18467: 18461: 18456: 18450: 18448: 18442: 18441: 18439: 18438: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18416: 18414: 18408: 18407: 18405: 18404: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18382: 18380: 18367: 18359: 18358: 18356: 18355: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18333: 18331: 18325: 18324: 18321: 18320: 18318: 18317: 18315:Leigh syndrome 18311: 18309: 18303: 18302: 18300: 18299: 18288: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18276: 18275: 18261: 18260: 18259: 18254: 18253: 18252: 18236: 18234: 18228: 18227: 18225: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18213: 18212: 18207: 18196: 18195: 18194: 18193: 18188: 18187: 18186: 18176: 18175: 18174: 18164: 18159: 18158: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18126: 18125: 18124: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18102: 18101: 18091: 18090: 18089: 18079: 18078: 18077: 18072: 18067: 18051: 18049: 18042:Extrapyramidal 18035: 18026: 18024:encephalopathy 18015: 18014: 18011: 18010: 18008: 18007: 18002: 17997: 17996: 17995: 17984: 17982: 17975: 17974: 17972: 17971: 17970: 17969: 17959: 17954: 17953: 17952: 17947: 17942: 17937: 17926: 17924: 17915: 17909: 17908: 17901:nervous system 17896: 17895: 17888: 17881: 17873: 17864: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17835: 17832: 17831: 17821: 17820: 17817: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17809: 17803: 17801: 17797: 17796: 17794: 17793: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17772: 17770: 17766: 17765: 17763: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17746: 17744: 17735: 17734: 17732: 17731: 17726: 17720: 17718: 17710: 17709: 17689: 17688: 17685: 17684: 17682: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17664:Rebound effect 17661: 17656: 17651: 17645: 17642: 17641: 17624: 17623: 17620: 17619: 17616: 17615: 17613: 17612: 17607: 17605:Hypersexuality 17601: 17599: 17593: 17592: 17590: 17589: 17584: 17578: 17576: 17570: 17569: 17567: 17566: 17565: 17564: 17559: 17554: 17544: 17539: 17533: 17531: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17499: 17497: 17487: 17486: 17476: 17475: 17472: 17471: 17468: 17467: 17465: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17444: 17439: 17434: 17433: 17432: 17427: 17422: 17412: 17406: 17404: 17398: 17397: 17395: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17373: 17371: 17365: 17364: 17361: 17360: 17358: 17357: 17356: 17355: 17350: 17340: 17338:Panic disorder 17335: 17330: 17325: 17319: 17317: 17313: 17312: 17310: 17309: 17308: 17307: 17305:Claustrophobia 17297: 17296: 17295: 17290: 17288:Anthropophobia 17280: 17278:Social anxiety 17275: 17270: 17264: 17262: 17253: 17247: 17246: 17244: 17243: 17236: 17234: 17224: 17223: 17203: 17202: 17199: 17198: 17195: 17194: 17192: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17175: 17173: 17169: 17168: 17166: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17148:Pick's disease 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17109: 17107: 17101: 17100: 17098: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17071: 17069: 17059: 17058: 17048: 17047: 17044: 17043: 17041: 17040: 17035: 17034: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17003: 17002: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16975: 16972: 16971: 16958: 16957: 16954: 16953: 16950: 16949: 16947: 16946: 16941: 16935: 16933: 16923: 16922: 16920: 16919: 16918: 16917: 16906: 16904: 16898: 16897: 16895: 16894: 16893: 16892: 16882: 16881: 16880: 16875: 16865: 16864: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16845: 16844: 16843: 16833: 16832: 16831: 16821: 16820: 16819: 16809: 16803: 16801: 16791: 16790: 16778: 16777: 16774: 16773: 16770: 16769: 16767: 16766: 16761: 16756: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16725: 16724: 16713: 16711: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16682: 16681: 16676: 16666: 16660: 16658: 16650: 16649: 16639: 16638: 16634:Classification 16626: 16625: 16618: 16611: 16603: 16594: 16593: 16590: 16589: 16580: 16569: 16558: 16547: 16536: 16524: 16523: 16521: 16517: 16516: 16513: 16512: 16501: 16490: 16479: 16460: 16441: 16425: 16420: 16419: 16417: 16416:Classification 16410: 16409: 16397: 16383: 16382:External links 16380: 16378: 16377: 16340: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16290: 16289: 16263: 16204: 16175:(4): 265–273. 16155: 16126:(7): 522–602. 16106: 16052: 16030: 15981: 15947: 15915: 15875: 15839: 15799: 15755: 15737: 15688: 15657: 15598: 15549: 15498: 15487:. 1 April 2023 15472: 15423: 15372: 15339: 15306: 15273: 15236: 15200: 15173: 15147: 15136:on 24 May 2008 15121: 15106: 15086: 15071: 15053: 15027: 15020: 14996: 14981: 14963: 14936:(2): 107–119. 14920: 14879: 14852:(4): 248–256. 14836: 14809:(3): 351–361. 14793: 14750: 14729:(2): 177–185. 14709: 14678:(2): 143–154. 14655: 14628:(8): 662–667. 14611: 14582:(8): 651–661. 14562: 14527: 14478: 14449:(3): 362–370. 14426: 14389:(2): 525–551. 14366: 14300: 14271:(2): 323–341. 14244: 14208: 14181:(8): 734–746. 14165: 14136:(7): 939–944. 14116: 14073: 14046:(2): 125–133. 14030: 14023: 14005: 13998: 13980: 13961:(6): 355–365. 13945: 13943: 13942: 13936: 13917: 13896: 13875: 13810: 13767: 13718: 13681:Biomed Res Int 13667: 13610: 13559: 13532:(1): 107–127. 13515: 13486:(2): 106–118. 13463: 13414: 13389: 13343: 13316:(1–2): 63–72. 13297: 13278:(1): 280–295. 13262: 13241:(5): 779–784. 13221: 13200:(2): 253–259. 13180: 13153:(1): 171–177. 13137: 13110:(7): 501–509. 13094: 13067:(2): 433–439. 13051: 13024:(3): 159–164. 13005: 12969: 12931: 12902:(2): 276–290. 12879: 12852:(2): 315–320. 12832: 12805:(2): 142–146. 12789: 12754: 12740: 12720: 12701:(4): 533–538. 12685: 12659: 12638:(3): 368–374. 12618: 12577: 12556:(3): 248–254. 12536: 12509:(6): 779–785. 12493: 12444: 12395: 12366:(3): e012759. 12346: 12302: 12253: 12201: 12174:(8): 861–869. 12157: 12120: 12074: 12042:(2): 151–157. 12025: 11980: 11961:(5): 520–528. 11945: 11916:(8): 358–366. 11892: 11863:(2): 288–298. 11840: 11813:(5): 379–397. 11796: 11766: 11736: 11706: 11657: 11631: 11604:(2): 160–170. 11585: 11578: 11560: 11509: 11457: 11416: 11381: 11366: 11348: 11304: 11250: 11235: 11217: 11166: 11137:(10): e19313. 11117: 11068: 11041:(3): 296–306. 11025: 10976: 10930: 10874: 10841:Nat Rev Neurol 10831: 10796: 10777:(4): 661–670. 10761: 10734:(2): 711–725. 10717: 10663: 10604: 10561: 10512: 10463: 10406: 10387:(3): 143–149. 10371: 10342:(5): 548–556. 10322: 10293:(4): 426–440. 10268: 10239:(10): e13005. 10219: 10170: 10121: 10094:(3): 105–117. 10078: 10035: 10006:(5): 542–550. 9986: 9971: 9953: 9938: 9915: 9904:(6): 435–444. 9888: 9869:(6): 570–577. 9853: 9826:(4): 186–194. 9810: 9767: 9740:(9): 922–935. 9724: 9709: 9686: 9628: 9599:(3): 270–279. 9579: 9528: 9499:(3): 280–292. 9479: 9450:(4): 535–562. 9421: 9370: 9318: 9269: 9220: 9183: 9164: 9136: 9107:(5): 368–376. 9087: 9044: 9037: 9015: 9008: 8991: 8962:(3): 645–665. 8942: 8891: 8831: 8780: 8731: 8709: 8683: 8642: 8603:(4): 401–412. 8583: 8521: 8472: 8435:(1): 201–220. 8419: 8390:(4): 388–405. 8370: 8323:(1): 290–315. 8303: 8262: 8219: 8176: 8127: 8100:(5): 349–365. 8084: 8058: 8030: 7981: 7924: 7897:(2): 225–232. 7881: 7862:(2): 138–150. 7845: 7802: 7751: 7708: 7677: 7628: 7609:(6): 708–714. 7593: 7566: 7539:(9): 531–538. 7523: 7472: 7428: 7379: 7350:(4): fcac167. 7330: 7295: 7238: 7195: 7146: 7102: 7051: 7024:(1–3): 38–41. 7008: 6959: 6908: 6881:(3): 296–306. 6865: 6814: 6765: 6736:(1): 175–183. 6716: 6687:(4): 327–346. 6652: 6601: 6574:(3): 377–387. 6558: 6547:(7): 691–699. 6531: 6492:(8): 721–730. 6472: 6443:(4): 131–136. 6423: 6374: 6325: 6296:(1): 167–177. 6276: 6239:(5): 505–513. 6219: 6192:(5): 414–421. 6172: 6143:(1): 182–185. 6123: 6094:(2): 223–227. 6074: 6031: 5972: 5921: 5900:(1): 167–177. 5880: 5833: 5806:(3): 311–322. 5783: 5731: 5679: 5638: 5595: 5560: 5553: 5535: 5486: 5411: 5352: 5319: 5297:2027.42/153062 5265: 5222: 5195:(5): 704–711. 5179: 5168:(9): 417–423. 5147: 5120:(5): 501–556. 5101: 5074:(3): 385–392. 5058: 5031:(2): 119–169. 5015: 4988:(6): 288–290. 4935: 4906:(2): 263–293. 4881: 4852:(3): 126–135. 4829: 4822: 4804: 4781: 4755: 4712: 4683:(3): 195–204. 4658: 4602: 4564: 4539: 4512:(3): 173–189. 4491: 4442: 4413: 4387: 4361: 4312: 4275:BMC Geriatrics 4254: 4234: 4205:(5): 465–473. 4180: 4128: 4102: 4069: 4040: 4011:(2): 312–339. 3984: 3934: 3919: 3894: 3822: 3784: 3755:(1): 271–281. 3732: 3701: 3672:(3): 135–147. 3666:Nat Rev Neurol 3649: 3592: 3557: 3528:(10): e13005. 3503: 3451: 3385: 3356:(8): 677–685. 3333: 3303: 3270: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3180: 3177: 3163:growth factors 3096: 3093: 3048:Julianne Moore 3046:and featuring 2957:Main article: 2954: 2951: 2915: 2914: 2895: 2893: 2886: 2874: 2871: 2851:social problem 2846: 2843: 2835: 2832: 2781:neuropathology 2737:Emil Kraepelin 2696: 2693: 2661: 376–1266 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2569: 2566: 2543:heart problems 2510: 2507: 2490: 2487: 2444: 2441: 2389:, also called 2349: 2346: 2307:An extract of 2282:hallucinations 2277:NMDA receptors 2245:excitotoxicity 2233:nervous system 2111: 2110:Pharmaceutical 2108: 2099: 2096: 2034: 2031: 1968: 1965: 1943: 1940: 1843: 1840: 1762: 1759: 1755:histologically 1658: 1655: 1597: 1568: 1565: 1549:phosphorylated 1520: 1517: 1503:beta secretase 1454: 1453: 1444: 1443: 1435: 1434: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1412:Main article: 1409: 1406: 1327:frontal cortex 1298: 1297:Neuropathology 1295: 1274: 1271: 1258:celiac disease 1241: 1238: 1160: 1157: 1131: 1128: 1112: 1109: 1083:that leads to 1052:proposes that 1050:tau hypothesis 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 958: 955: 911: 908: 906: 903: 865:. The loss of 824: 821: 783: 780: 708: 705: 663:Older memories 646: 643: 570:in Alzheimer's 559: 558:First symptoms 556: 532: 529: 503:antipsychotics 449:, and loss of 388:disorientation 359: 358: 353: 347: 346: 343: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 319: 313: 312: 299: 293: 292: 285: 279: 278: 256: 250: 249: 246: 242: 241: 238: 234: 233: 230: 226: 225: 211: 205: 204: 198:disorientation 187: 181: 180: 175: 169: 168: 166: 165: 89: 87: 83: 82: 74: 73: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 48: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19470: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19405: 19403: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19357:Schizophrenia 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19336: 19333: 19332: 19331: 19328: 19326: 19323: 19319: 19316: 19315: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19252: 19249: 19248: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19185: 19182: 19181: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19146: 19144: 19140: 19135: 19127: 19122: 19120: 19115: 19113: 19108: 19107: 19104: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19074: 19071: 19068: 19066: 19063: 19062: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19050: 19048: 19046: 19042: 19036: 19033: 19031: 19028: 19027: 19025: 19023: 19019: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19007: 19005: 19001: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18981: 18979: 18977: 18973: 18969: 18965: 18963: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18950: 18944: 18941: 18939: 18936: 18934: 18931: 18929: 18926: 18924: 18921: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18913: 18909: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18835: 18831: 18824: 18819: 18817: 18812: 18810: 18805: 18804: 18801: 18779: 18776: 18775: 18774: 18771: 18770: 18763: 18760: 18758: 18755: 18754: 18753: 18750: 18748: 18745: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18715: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18687: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18677: 18676: 18674: 18670: 18669: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18650: 18649: 18647: 18643: 18642: 18640: 18638: 18634: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18619: 18617: 18615: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18602: 18599: 18595: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18564:Reye syndrome 18562: 18560: 18557: 18556: 18554: 18550: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18516:Hydrocephalus 18514: 18513: 18512: 18509: 18508: 18506: 18504: 18500: 18488: 18484: 18483: 18482: 18479: 18478: 18476: 18472: 18466: 18462: 18460: 18457: 18455: 18452: 18451: 18449: 18447: 18443: 18437: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18417: 18415: 18413: 18409: 18403: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18383: 18381: 18379: 18375: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18360: 18354: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18334: 18332: 18330: 18329:Demyelinating 18326: 18316: 18313: 18312: 18310: 18308: 18304: 18298: 18295: 18294: 18293: 18292: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18274: 18271: 18270: 18269: 18265: 18262: 18258: 18255: 18251: 18248: 18247: 18246: 18243: 18242: 18241: 18238: 18237: 18235: 18233: 18229: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18217:Restless legs 18215: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18202: 18201: 18198: 18197: 18192: 18189: 18185: 18182: 18181: 18180: 18177: 18173: 18170: 18169: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18156: 18155:Blepharospasm 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18137: 18136: 18133: 18132: 18131: 18128: 18127: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18111:Hemiballismus 18109: 18107: 18104: 18100: 18097: 18096: 18095: 18092: 18088: 18085: 18084: 18083: 18080: 18076: 18073: 18071: 18068: 18066: 18063: 18062: 18061: 18058: 18057: 18056: 18053: 18052: 18050: 18048: 18043: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18020: 18016: 18006: 18003: 18001: 17998: 17994: 17991: 17990: 17989: 17986: 17985: 17983: 17981: 17976: 17968: 17965: 17964: 17963: 17962:Brain abscess 17960: 17958: 17955: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17932: 17931: 17928: 17927: 17925: 17923: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17910: 17906: 17902: 17894: 17889: 17887: 17882: 17880: 17875: 17874: 17871: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17833: 17826: 17822: 17808: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17798: 17792: 17789: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17773: 17771: 17769:Schizophrenia 17767: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17740: 17736: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17721: 17719: 17715: 17711: 17707: 17703: 17699: 17698:Schizophrenia 17694: 17690: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17649:Drug overdose 17647: 17646: 17643: 17638: 17634: 17629: 17625: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17602: 17600: 17598: 17597:Sexual desire 17594: 17588: 17585: 17583: 17580: 17579: 17577: 17575: 17571: 17563: 17560: 17558: 17555: 17553: 17550: 17549: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17534: 17532: 17530: 17525: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17500: 17498: 17496: 17492: 17488: 17481: 17477: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17435: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17417: 17416: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17407: 17405: 17403: 17399: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17374: 17372: 17370: 17366: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17345: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17318: 17314: 17306: 17303: 17302: 17301: 17298: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17285: 17284: 17283:Social phobia 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17265: 17263: 17261: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17248: 17241: 17238: 17237: 17235: 17233: 17229: 17225: 17221: 17218:-related and 17217: 17213: 17208: 17204: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17176: 17174: 17170: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17110: 17108: 17106: 17102: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17072: 17070: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17053: 17049: 17039: 17036: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17008: 17007: 17004: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16981: 16980: 16977: 16976: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16959: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16924: 16916: 16913: 16912: 16911: 16908: 16907: 16905: 16903: 16899: 16891: 16888: 16887: 16886: 16883: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16870: 16869: 16866: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16842: 16839: 16838: 16837: 16834: 16830: 16827: 16826: 16825: 16822: 16818: 16815: 16814: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16804: 16802: 16800: 16796: 16792: 16788: 16783: 16779: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16718: 16715: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16671: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16661: 16659: 16655: 16651: 16644: 16640: 16635: 16631: 16624: 16619: 16617: 16612: 16610: 16605: 16604: 16601: 16588: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16575: 16574: 16570: 16568: 16564: 16563: 16559: 16557: 16553: 16552: 16548: 16546: 16542: 16541: 16537: 16535: 16531: 16530: 16526: 16525: 16522: 16518: 16511: 16507: 16506: 16502: 16500: 16496: 16495: 16491: 16489: 16485: 16484: 16480: 16478: 16474: 16470: 16469: 16465: 16461: 16459: 16455: 16451: 16450: 16446: 16442: 16440: 16436: 16435: 16431: 16427: 16426: 16423: 16418: 16414: 16406: 16402: 16398: 16394: 16390: 16386: 16385: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16362: 16358: 16354: 16350: 16346: 16341: 16337: 16333: 16329: 16325: 16321: 16317: 16313: 16309: 16305: 16300: 16299: 16277: 16273: 16267: 16259: 16255: 16251: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16223: 16219: 16215: 16208: 16200: 16196: 16192: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16174: 16170: 16166: 16159: 16151: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16133: 16129: 16125: 16121: 16120:Curr Genomics 16117: 16110: 16102: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16074: 16070: 16066: 16059: 16057: 16040: 16034: 16026: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16008: 16004: 16000: 15996: 15992: 15985: 15969: 15965: 15963: 15957: 15951: 15935: 15931: 15930: 15925: 15919: 15912: 15911:public domain 15893: 15891: 15885: 15879: 15860: 15856: 15849: 15843: 15836: 15835:public domain 15817: 15813: 15809: 15803: 15795: 15791: 15787: 15783: 15779: 15775: 15772:(5): 101547. 15771: 15767: 15759: 15752:. p. 15. 15751: 15750:New Scientist 15744: 15742: 15733: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15715: 15711: 15707: 15703: 15699: 15692: 15676: 15672: 15668: 15661: 15645: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15629: 15625: 15621: 15617: 15613: 15609: 15602: 15594: 15590: 15585: 15580: 15576: 15572: 15568: 15564: 15560: 15553: 15545: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15517: 15513: 15509: 15502: 15486: 15482: 15476: 15468: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15443:(2): e12385. 15442: 15438: 15434: 15427: 15419: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15391: 15387: 15383: 15376: 15360: 15356: 15351: 15343: 15327: 15323: 15322: 15317: 15310: 15294: 15290: 15285: 15277: 15261: 15257: 15256: 15251: 15250:Album Review" 15249: 15240: 15224: 15220: 15219: 15214: 15212: 15204: 15188: 15184: 15177: 15161: 15157: 15151: 15135: 15131: 15125: 15117: 15113: 15109: 15103: 15099: 15098: 15090: 15082: 15078: 15074: 15068: 15064: 15057: 15041: 15037: 15031: 15023: 15017: 15013: 15009: 15008: 15000: 14992: 14988: 14984: 14978: 14974: 14967: 14959: 14955: 14951: 14947: 14943: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14924: 14916: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14883: 14875: 14871: 14867: 14863: 14859: 14855: 14851: 14847: 14840: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14820: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14804: 14797: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14773: 14769: 14765: 14761: 14754: 14746: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14728: 14724: 14720: 14713: 14705: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14677: 14673: 14669: 14662: 14660: 14651: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14635: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14615: 14607: 14603: 14599: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14581: 14577: 14573: 14566: 14547: 14540: 14534: 14532: 14523: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14489: 14482: 14474: 14470: 14466: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14448: 14444: 14440: 14433: 14431: 14422: 14418: 14414: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14396: 14392: 14388: 14384: 14380: 14373: 14371: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14316: 14309: 14307: 14305: 14296: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14278: 14274: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14255: 14253: 14251: 14249: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14228: 14224: 14220: 14212: 14204: 14200: 14196: 14192: 14188: 14184: 14180: 14176: 14169: 14161: 14157: 14153: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14120: 14112: 14108: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14092: 14088: 14084: 14077: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14053: 14049: 14045: 14041: 14034: 14026: 14020: 14016: 14009: 14001: 13995: 13991: 13984: 13976: 13972: 13968: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13949: 13939: 13933: 13929: 13925: 13924: 13918: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13897: 13893: 13890:(in German). 13889: 13884: 13883: 13879: 13871: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13833: 13829: 13825: 13821: 13814: 13806: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13782: 13778: 13771: 13763: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13745: 13741: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13722: 13714: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13686: 13682: 13678: 13671: 13663: 13659: 13655: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13637: 13633: 13629: 13625: 13621: 13614: 13606: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13563: 13555: 13551: 13547: 13543: 13539: 13535: 13531: 13527: 13519: 13511: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13493: 13489: 13485: 13481: 13477: 13470: 13468: 13459: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13418: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13393: 13385: 13381: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13361: 13357: 13350: 13348: 13339: 13335: 13331: 13327: 13323: 13319: 13315: 13311: 13304: 13302: 13293: 13289: 13285: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13266: 13258: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13225: 13217: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13199: 13195: 13191: 13184: 13176: 13172: 13168: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13141: 13133: 13129: 13125: 13121: 13117: 13113: 13109: 13105: 13098: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13070: 13066: 13062: 13055: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13012: 13010: 12990: 12986: 12979: 12973: 12965: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12938: 12936: 12927: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12893: 12886: 12884: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12843: 12836: 12828: 12824: 12820: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12793: 12785: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12769: 12765: 12758: 12743: 12737: 12733: 12732: 12724: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12704: 12700: 12696: 12689: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12655: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12622: 12614: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12596: 12592: 12588: 12581: 12573: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12540: 12532: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12504: 12497: 12489: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12455: 12448: 12440: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12399: 12391: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12350: 12342: 12338: 12334: 12330: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12306: 12298: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12257: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12205: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12161: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12133: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12125: 12116: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12078: 12071: 12065: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12029: 12021: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11984: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11956: 11949: 11941: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11923: 11919: 11915: 11911: 11907: 11905: 11904:Ginkgo biloba 11896: 11888: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11847: 11845: 11836: 11832: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11800: 11784: 11780: 11776: 11770: 11754: 11750: 11746: 11740: 11724: 11720: 11716: 11710: 11702: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11661: 11645: 11641: 11635: 11627: 11623: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11592: 11590: 11581: 11575: 11571: 11564: 11556: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11528: 11524: 11523:PLOS Medicine 11520: 11513: 11505: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11487: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11464: 11462: 11453: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11427: 11420: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11385: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11363: 11359: 11352: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11308: 11300: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11282: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11259: 11257: 11255: 11246: 11242: 11238: 11232: 11228: 11221: 11213: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11170: 11162: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11144: 11140: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11121: 11113: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11072: 11064: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11036: 11035:Lancet Neurol 11029: 11021: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10990:Lancet Neurol 10987: 10980: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10937: 10935: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10835: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10812:(4): 661–70. 10811: 10807: 10800: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10765: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10670: 10668: 10659: 10655: 10651: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10588: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10565: 10557: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10523: 10516: 10508: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10467: 10459: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10375: 10367: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10326: 10318: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10223: 10215: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10174: 10166: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10125: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10082: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10039: 10031: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9990: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9968: 9964: 9957: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9935: 9931: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9892: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9872: 9868: 9865:(in French). 9864: 9857: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9814: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9771: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9728: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9702: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9682: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9624: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9583: 9575: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9532: 9524: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9483: 9475: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9417: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9325: 9323: 9314: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9273: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9224: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9195: 9187: 9171: 9167: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9148: 9140: 9132: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9091: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9048: 9040: 9034: 9030: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9011: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8987: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8895: 8887: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8854:F1000Research 8851: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8827: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8735: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8702: 8695: 8694: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8646: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8587: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8528: 8526: 8517: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8423: 8415: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8307: 8299: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8266: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8180: 8172: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8034: 8026: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7985: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7934:"Tauopathies" 7928: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7681: 7673: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7570: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7432: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7334: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7211:(2): 97–104. 7210: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7150: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7004: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6963: 6955: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6828:Int J Mol Sci 6825: 6818: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6769: 6761: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6562: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6535: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6486:Lancet Neurol 6483: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6352:10.1038/19866 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6280: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6223: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6176: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6027: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5736: 5727: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5684: 5675: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5556: 5554:0-19-963849-7 5550: 5546: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5340: 5336: 5334: 5329: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5106: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5019: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4607: 4590: 4586: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4543: 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3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3737: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3654: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3577: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3456: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3340: 3338: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3200: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3165:or hormones. 3164: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3131:boxed warning 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3067:the Caretaker 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3012:Away from Her 3008: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2911: 2908:February 2022 2899: 2894: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2743:, also named 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2705:Auguste Deter 2701: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2655: 115–375 2599: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2551:alcohol abuse 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2476: 2475:feeding tubes 2472: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2383:psychotherapy 2381:, supportive 2380: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2368:Music therapy 2365: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2320:Ginkgo biloba 2316: 2312: 2311: 2310:Ginkgo biloba 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2213:), decreased 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2183:acetylcholine 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2136: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2107: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2075:recommended. 2073: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2040: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1961: 1958:There are no 1953: 1948: 1939: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:neurosyphilis 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1481:, 39–43 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1448: 1439: 1430: 1415: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1398:temporal lobe 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1323:parietal lobe 1320: 1319:temporal lobe 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1270: 1268: 1262: 1259: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1230:comorbidities 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185:demyelination 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1134:The cellular 1127: 1125: 1124:bidirectional 1121: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1042: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 989: 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 964: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:heterozygotes 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 883:chromosome 21 880: 876: 872: 871:limbic system 869:noted in the 868: 864: 863:acetylcholine 860: 855: 853: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 788: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 607:attentiveness 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 569: 564: 555: 553: 549: 545: 542: 538: 528: 526: 515: 511: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 411: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 357: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 334: 330: 327: 323: 320: 318: 314: 311: 307: 303: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 263:head injuries 260: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 212: 210: 209:Complications 206: 203: 199: 195: 191: 188: 186: 182: 179: 176: 174: 170: 161: 137: 129: 91: 90: 88: 86:Pronunciation 84: 80: 75: 71: 66: 62: 58: 53: 47: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 19387:Tuberculosis 19298:Malnutrition 19142:Health topic 19134:epidemiology 18993: 18772: 18671: 18644: 18605:Degenerative 18342:Inflammatory 18289: 18244: 18222:Stiff-person 18060:Parkinsonism 18033:Degenerative 17930:Encephalitis 17913:Inflammation 17903:, primarily 17729:Folie à deux 17654:Intoxication 17635:substances, 17633:Psychoactive 17552:Night terror 17369:Dissociative 17333:Panic attack 17117: 16885:Tic disorder 16582: 16571: 16560: 16549: 16538: 16527: 16503: 16492: 16481: 16462: 16443: 16428: 16404: 16392: 16348: 16344: 16311: 16307: 16280:. Retrieved 16275: 16266: 16221: 16217: 16207: 16172: 16168: 16158: 16123: 16119: 16109: 16072: 16068: 16043:. Retrieved 16033: 15998: 15994: 15984: 15972:. Retrieved 15959: 15950: 15938:. Retrieved 15927: 15918: 15896:. Retrieved 15887: 15878: 15866:. Retrieved 15842: 15820:. Retrieved 15802: 15769: 15765: 15758: 15749: 15705: 15701: 15691: 15679:. Retrieved 15670: 15660: 15648:. Retrieved 15615: 15611: 15601: 15566: 15562: 15552: 15515: 15511: 15501: 15489:. Retrieved 15475: 15440: 15436: 15426: 15389: 15385: 15375: 15363:. Retrieved 15354: 15342: 15330:. Retrieved 15321:The Guardian 15319: 15309: 15297:. Retrieved 15288: 15276: 15264:. Retrieved 15253: 15247: 15239: 15227:. Retrieved 15216: 15210: 15203: 15191:. Retrieved 15187:the original 15176: 15164:. Retrieved 15160:the original 15150: 15138:. Retrieved 15134:the original 15124: 15096: 15089: 15062: 15056: 15044:. Retrieved 15040:the original 15036:"Thanmathra" 15030: 15007:The notebook 15006: 14999: 14972: 14966: 14933: 14929: 14923: 14896: 14892: 14882: 14849: 14845: 14839: 14806: 14802: 14796: 14763: 14759: 14753: 14726: 14722: 14712: 14675: 14671: 14625: 14621: 14614: 14579: 14575: 14565: 14553:. Retrieved 14546:the original 14495: 14491: 14481: 14446: 14442: 14386: 14382: 14357:. 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Retrieved 11634: 11601: 11597: 11569: 11563: 11529:(11): e338. 11526: 11522: 11512: 11477: 11473: 11433: 11429: 11419: 11394: 11390: 11384: 11357: 11351: 11318: 11314: 11307: 11272: 11268: 11226: 11220: 11203:10852/108211 11183: 11179: 11169: 11134: 11130: 11120: 11085: 11081: 11071: 11038: 11034: 11028: 10993: 10989: 10979: 10946: 10942: 10898: 10894: 10844: 10840: 10834: 10809: 10805: 10799: 10774: 10770: 10764: 10731: 10727: 10720: 10683: 10679: 10621: 10617: 10607: 10574: 10570: 10564: 10529: 10525: 10515: 10480: 10476: 10466: 10423: 10419: 10409: 10384: 10380: 10374: 10339: 10335: 10325: 10290: 10286: 10236: 10232: 10222: 10187: 10183: 10173: 10138: 10134: 10124: 10091: 10087: 10081: 10048: 10044: 10038: 10003: 9999: 9989: 9962: 9956: 9929: 9901: 9897: 9891: 9866: 9862: 9856: 9823: 9819: 9813: 9780: 9776: 9770: 9737: 9733: 9727: 9700: 9652: 9648: 9596: 9592: 9582: 9545: 9541: 9531: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9447: 9443: 9387: 9383: 9373: 9338: 9334: 9289:(2): 67–74. 9286: 9282: 9272: 9237: 9233: 9223: 9211:. 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Retrieved 3238: 3234: 3182: 3167: 3149: 3139: 3127: 3104: 3082: 3081:(2011), and 3076: 3070: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3029: 3023: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2980:The Notebook 2978: 2975:Iris Murdoch 2964: 2962: 2941: 2926: 2918: 2905: 2897: 2868: 2864: 2860:productivity 2848: 2845:Social costs 2820:brain tissue 2785: 2777:nomenclature 2772: 2768: 2764:pathological 2760: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2740: 2710: 2689: 2666: 2649: 46–114 2581: 2568:Epidemiology 2556: 2531:malnutrition 2523: 2516: 2512: 2492: 2480: 2459: 2456: 2418: 2407: 2372: 2364:incontinence 2357: 2353:Psychosocial 2351: 2348:Psychosocial 2324: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2306: 2275:by blocking 2239:can lead to 2223: 2221:production. 2219:gastric acid 2205:, decreased 2191:side effects 2176: 2156:rivastigmine 2145: 2101: 2089: 2077: 2069: 2058: 2046: 2042: 2012: 2009: 2001:antidiabetic 1977:hypertension 1970: 1957: 1936: 1922: 1891: 1875: 1869:(MMSE), the 1865:such as the 1857: 1838:is present. 1832: 1824: 1808:motor skills 1789: 1766: 1764: 1744: 1740:flortaucipir 1738:(2014), and 1732:flutemetamol 1688:neurological 1681: 1677: 1644: 1632:Inflammation 1625: 1614: 1612:by neurons. 1602:mitochondria 1570: 1544: 1537:microtubules 1533:cytoskeleton 1522: 1471:amyloid beta 1460: 1419:Amyloid beta 1408:Biochemistry 1388:peptide and 1386:beta-amyloid 1384:deposits of 1356: 1300: 1263: 1255: 1243: 1215: 1197: 1162: 1133: 1114: 1078: 1074:cytoskeleton 1070:microtubules 1047: 1025: 1015: 999:amyloid beta 981: 966: 924: 913: 856: 849: 837:tau proteins 829:amyloid beta 826: 793: 736:irritability 725: 710: 707:Middle stage 679: 648: 635:amnestic MCI 600: 573: 534: 507: 483: 415:risk factors 412: 400:self-neglect 367: 363: 362: 271:hypertension 254:Risk factors 46: 44: 19423:Amyloidosis 19278:Hepatitis D 19273:Hepatitis C 19241:Chikungunya 18830:Amyloidosis 18757:Fazio–Londe 18597:Both/either 18391:Generalised 18250:Early-onset 18245:Alzheimer's 17980:spinal cord 17702:schizotypal 17537:Hypersomnia 17527:Nonorganic 17268:Agoraphobia 16999:Cyclothymia 16994:Bipolar NOS 16969:(affective) 16841:Stereotypic 16749:Kleptomania 16573:GeneReviews 16540:MedlinePlus 15518:: 797–810. 15266:19 February 14383:Neurol Ther 13844:2440/135555 13434:(5): e512. 12597:(1): 4–14. 12319:(1): 9–22. 12070:lay summary 11789:20 February 11759:20 February 11729:20 February 11640:"Memantine" 11088:: 331–365. 10641:11343/52774 10577:(1): 9–18. 10426:(1): 5804. 9863:L'Encéphale 9783:(1): 6–15. 9213:16 November 9176:16 November 9060:(1): 2–12. 8724:22 February 8576:27 November 7701:21 February 7311:: 232–238. 6928:(3): 1168. 6834:(5): 1666. 6785:: 575–590. 6621:(4): 1413. 6524:21 February 4552:www.who.int 4406:29 November 4380:29 November 3719:Mayo Clinic 3585:30 November 3054:(1999) and 3040:Lisa Genova 3031:Still Alice 3021:short story 3017:Alice Munro 2971:John Bayley 2816:microscopic 2643: 25–45 2637: 18–24 2631: 14–17 2625: 11–13 2539:weight loss 2535:dehydration 2431:therapies, 2211:bradycardia 2179:cholinergic 2160:galantamine 1993:cholesterol 1894:blood tests 1812:orientation 1751:post-mortem 1736:florbetaben 1728:florbetapir 1714:(SPECT) or 1617:ferroptosis 1586:homeostasis 1561:Necroptosis 1529:tau protein 1507:proteolytic 1483:amino acids 1475:tau protein 1467:proteopathy 1402:Lewy bodies 1374:hippocampus 1222:amyloidosis 1177:myelination 1173:neurulation 1136:homeostasis 1120:risk factor 1101:DNA damages 1054:tau protein 988:presenilins 957:Early onset 943:homozygotes 805:muscle mass 760:anosognosia 717:paraphasias 645:Early stage 582:. Detailed 548:hippocampus 527:worldwide. 510:early-onset 479:after death 467:blood tests 427:head injury 392:mood swings 351:Named after 229:Usual onset 202:mood swings 190:Memory loss 60:Other names 19402:Categories 19362:Snakebites 19258:Depression 19204:esophageal 19199:colorectal 18365:paroxysmal 18337:Autoimmune 18130:Dyskinesia 18000:Meningitis 17978:Brain and 17854:Stereotypy 17717:Delusional 17706:delusional 17679:Withdrawal 17547:Parasomnia 17452:Nosophobia 17232:Adjustment 17220:somatoform 17153:Sundowning 17006:Depression 16989:Bipolar II 16878:Stuttering 16873:Cluttering 16669:Paraphilia 16562:Patient UK 16505:DiseasesDB 16314:: 101444. 15392:: 870517. 15193:24 January 15140:24 January 15046:24 January 14555:5 February 13687:: 908915. 12840:Shega JW, 11650:3 February 11245:1048659425 10949:: 101046. 10773:(Review). 10682:(Review). 10573:(Review). 9981:1202472277 9948:1121597721 9719:1195972209 9285:(Review). 9103:(Review). 8958:(Review). 8856:(Review). 8800:(2): 110. 8745:NeuroImage 8229:IUBMB Life 7492:(1): 172. 7441:(Review). 7071:: 291658. 6973:J Mol Biol 5702:: 104511. 4902:(Review). 4595:25 January 4435:25 January 4113:(Report). 3929:1012400314 3859:(Review). 3608:(Review). 3524:(Review). 3470:(Review). 3195:References 3111:aducanumab 3099:See also: 3000:Thanmathra 2838:See also: 2717:physicians 2680:East Asian 2619: 9–10 2592:prevalence 2572:See also: 2497:, and the 2443:Caregiving 2330:aggression 2207:heart rate 2104:palliative 2098:Management 1967:Medication 1942:Prevention 1928:depression 1861:including 1842:Techniques 1661:See also: 1588:, induces 1370:microscopy 1246:See also: 1165:hypothesis 1031:Hypotheses 986:(APP) and 947:penetrance 910:Late onset 887:trisomy 21 852:hypotheses 801:exhaustion 782:Late stage 756:delusional 754:and other 748:Sundowning 744:aggression 685:vocabulary 651:perception 566:Stages of 544:impairment 541:functional 491:caregivers 396:motivation 394:, loss of 317:Medication 310:Trisomy 21 214:Infections 19347:Pneumonia 19335:childhood 19065:Pituitary 19045:Endocrine 18362:Episodic/ 18240:Tauopathy 18191:Akathisia 18179:Myoclonus 18162:Athetosis 18094:Tauopathy 17807:Catatonia 17739:Psychosis 17574:Postnatal 17557:Nightmare 17163:Wandering 17016:Dysthymia 16984:Bipolar I 16939:Pervasive 16754:Pyromania 16679:Voyeurism 16674:Fetishism 16551:eMedicine 16373:247285338 16351:: 38–61. 16336:236994329 16258:257101613 16199:214784366 16075:(1): 49. 15995:Neurology 15868:7 January 15822:7 January 15794:257568052 15640:235405355 15618:: n1503. 15563:Neurology 15255:Pitchfork 14473:233403683 14421:247014076 14349:221308149 14130:Neurology 14083:Neurology 13975:145155424 13852:2468-2667 13805:235735045 13662:235215290 13554:234745473 13061:Neurology 12747:19 August 12218:Neurology 11376:948547621 11343:216595473 10971:212729131 10925:209327994 10756:253382289 10045:Neurology 8911:(1): 33. 7976:261121643 7812:Neurology 7771:(1): 32. 7718:Neurology 7561:260132167 7399:(3): 10. 6312:1945-0494 6253:1179-2000 6206:0035-3787 6088:Neurology 5867:1084-9521 5853:: 75–85. 5828:256839971 5545:Apoptosis 5481:236998499 5455:0027-8424 5314:195063786 4846:Neurology 4799:208037448 3857:Molecules 3626:1080-2371 3606:Continuum 3474:(9): 85. 3241:(1): 33. 3141:Donanemab 3115:lecanemab 3107:donanemab 2921:caregiver 2745:presenile 2729:Auguste D 2613: 5–8 2607: 0–4 2588:Incidence 2509:Prognosis 2503:MIND diet 2499:DASH diet 2391:snoezelen 2334:psychosis 2313:known as 2290:dizziness 2286:confusion 2269:influenza 2261:Memantine 2249:receptors 2225:Glutamate 2168:memantine 2164:donepezil 2140:memantine 2124:donepezil 2092:epigenome 2065:Education 2033:Lifestyle 2023:menopause 2005:pathology 1991:to lower 1854:serially. 1804:attention 1720:prodromal 1657:Diagnosis 1628:cytokines 1594:apoptosis 1525:tauopathy 1382:insoluble 1378:neocortex 1335:brainstem 1226:microglia 1140:biometals 969:inherited 916:heritable 891:gene copy 881:(APP) on 813:pneumonia 774:to other 772:home care 732:wandering 639:prodromal 588:diagnosis 537:cognitive 499:psychosis 342:Frequency 333:Prognosis 240:Long term 178:Neurology 173:Specialty 19438:Dementia 19428:Aphasias 19377:Syphilis 19288:HIV/AIDS 19246:Dementia 19219:prostate 19214:lymphoma 19194:cervical 19164:Bed bugs 19077:Pancreas 18728:SMALED2B 18723:SMALED2A 18420:Migraine 18412:Headache 18378:epilepsy 18374:Seizures 18232:Dementia 18135:Dystonia 17542:Insomnia 17212:Neurotic 17179:Delirium 17105:Dementia 16944:Specific 16556:neuro/13 16365:35257810 16328:34391945 16282:9 August 16250:36815661 16241:10976442 16191:32920629 16150:30386171 16101:34289882 16045:4 August 16025:36973044 16016:10186239 15968:Archived 15934:Archived 15859:Archived 15816:Archived 15786:36931947 15732:34881080 15675:Archived 15644:Archived 15632:34117086 15593:35197360 15544:35611326 15467:37251912 15458:10210334 15418:35493943 15359:Archived 15326:Archived 15299:21 April 15293:Archived 15260:Archived 15223:Archived 15116:46929223 15081:57352130 14991:41960006 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12240:11342679 12210:Doody RS 12196:21290731 12188:16323385 12152:18340692 12115:23543555 12064:23000439 12056:19138567 12020:16437455 12011:11365591 11975:26268332 11940:30546253 11887:30648358 11835:22235353 11827:18316756 11783:Archived 11779:DailyMed 11753:Archived 11749:DailyMed 11723:Archived 11719:DailyMed 11701:30891742 11644:Archived 11626:21379258 11618:16424917 11555:18044984 11504:16437532 11452:11105732 11335:32340037 11299:29923184 11212:37451163 11186:: 3–16. 11161:32150066 11131:Medicine 11112:29458203 11063:58546748 11055:30661858 11020:30353860 10963:32171783 10917:31826138 10869:52925352 10861:30291317 10826:24418410 10791:24418410 10748:36342524 10712:31998117 10650:24913896 10599:24936334 10591:23962667 10556:18254016 10507:34127835 10458:29643479 10401:17483665 10366:18299540 10317:27697063 10263:51703879 10255:30028503 10214:25629415 10165:25052054 10116:24569198 10108:17495754 10073:30018544 10030:18458206 9910:16197855 9883:15738860 9848:20238911 9840:16327345 9762:25169596 9681:24565215 9623:21514249 9574:28243102 9523:21514248 9474:29653606 9416:30646955 9365:25160795 9313:31724527 9264:26332219 9207:Archived 9203:32369312 9170:Archived 9131:26332219 9082:46244321 9074:24914889 8986:28269772 8937:31072403 8886:30135715 8860:: 1161. 8826:33573211 8775:19463961 8703:. 2006. 8678:17018549 8629:Archived 8625:43715976 8617:17407994 8570:Archived 8566:20635070 8558:25266297 8516:18184369 8459:18708092 8414:25792098 8357:Archived 8353:84659695 8345:15681814 8298:37657967 8257:85423830 8249:17424907 8171:22424230 8114:17622778 8071:BBC News 8055:37708272 8025:30038280 7968:17604998 7959:11136052 7919:44407971 7911:11816795 7840:22832110 7832:15079014 7797:31375134 7746:25017332 7738:15184601 7695:Archived 7672:19460794 7623:23160422 7588:12934968 7553:37490194 7518:23724961 7459:29247390 7423:73466457 7415:30806821 7374:35822102 7325:30415025 7290:37258678 7281:10247380 7233:21448714 7225:26000818 7190:19775776 7141:23410069 7133:10654097 7097:25685779 7046:40048333 7038:20160456 7003:30664867 6954:32050587 6903:58546748 6895:30661858 6860:32121304 6809:30406177 6760:32715278 6711:30394574 6647:32093100 6596:42311988 6588:18300294 6553:20675873 6518:Archived 6514:51706988 6506:30033062 6467:30906402 6418:18315650 6369:42287088 6361:10392577 6320:23276979 6271:29971646 6214:35491248 6167:16278853 6118:16434658 6069:47544338 6061:16876668 6026:16567625 5967:33066368 5916:23276979 5875:32418657 5820:32112059 5778:33667416 5726:36907103 5717:10024184 5633:37380445 5625:11801334 5530:25482515 5506:: 5659. 5473:34385305 5406:32966331 5366:PLOS ONE 5339:Archived 5306:31229433 5260:29847950 5217:10492607 5209:11329390 5142:37153159 5134:18569251 5053:19548915 5010:26142779 5002:10653284 4930:73432842 4922:30704681 4876:29282327 4791:31727229 4750:25313065 4742:12603250 4707:37005854 4699:15324363 4645:17222085 4615:Rossor M 4589:Archived 4557:19 March 4534:24808582 4486:33844047 4429:Archived 4356:25874613 4307:17662119 4229:32186726 4175:32484110 4095:23 March 4062:17 March 4056:Archived 4035:31564456 3971:19196745 3957:: b158. 3889:33302541 3817:23526458 3779:35034898 3725:19 March 3696:30733618 3644:27042903 3552:51703879 3544:30028503 3498:27481112 3446:32690803 3380:23178565 3326:18 March 3265:33986301 3075:(2008), 3003:(2005); 2997:(2004); 2987:'s 1996 2928:Dementia 2828:validity 2748:dementia 2721:dementia 2547:diabetes 2433:exercise 2294:headache 2215:appetite 2199:vomiting 1981:diabetes 1918:Delirium 1914:diabetes 1796:language 1761:Criteria 1734:(2013), 1730:(2012), 1706:(CT) or 1672:PET scan 1489:(APP) a 1479:peptides 1390:cellular 1307:synapses 920:familial 631:dementia 611:planning 376:dementia 259:Genetics 237:Duration 185:Symptoms 19367:Suicide 19330:Obesity 19303:Measles 19293:Leprosy 19234:ovarian 19229:stomach 19184:bladder 19132:Global 19053:Thyroid 18839:amyloid 18837:Common 18740:SMA-PME 18735:SMA-PCH 18718:SMALED1 18430:Tension 18425:Cluster 18150:Meige's 17967:Amoebic 17251:Anxiety 17090:PDD-NOS 16979:Bipolar 16632: ( 16583:Scholia 16578:NBK1161 16499:D000544 16141:6194433 16092:8293489 15857:(FDA). 15853:. U.S. 15723:8612603 15584:9012273 15535:9124475 15491:10 July 15483:. U.S. 15409:9039457 15365:14 June 15332:14 June 15229:9 April 15166:2 March 14866:9646153 14823:2241719 14695:2695165 14404:9095804 14286:6700654 14239:7986174 14203:7356809 14152:6610841 14111:7689479 14103:3531918 14060:9702682 13913:3331112 13861:8810394 13753:2850264 13704:4095986 13645:9013315 13596:5357660 13579:: 102. 13501:3726719 13449:7673282 13167:7792352 13081:8757016 13038:7793228 12998:10 June 12917:6179018 12874:6072807 12842:Levin A 12479:6494367 12430:9002239 12381:5372076 12288:6669244 11931:6267544 11878:6488894 11692:6425228 11546:2082649 11495:9006343 11411:8534419 11290:6513124 11152:7478420 11103:8505114 11011:6261373 10703:6966236 10686:: 369. 10658:8265377 10547:6599876 10498:8202227 10449:5895617 10428:Bibcode 10357:2244657 10308:5329133 10205:7081123 10156:6464750 10065:9153154 10021:3042807 9805:2108587 9797:9987708 9754:1512391 9672:3981054 9614:3312027 9565:5317337 9514:3220946 9465:5958625 9407:6334406 9356:4169219 9304:7283119 9255:4894762 9122:4894762 8977:5389048 8928:6507104 8877:6073093 8817:7911942 8766:2730171 8507:2228393 8467:6589846 8405:5909703 8363:19 July 8325:Bibcode 8214:2218531 8194:Bibcode 8186:Science 8162:3319071 8122:7949658 8040:Science 8016:6095477 7876:8038565 7788:6679484 7663:2714061 7509:3679988 7467:3943047 7365:9272064 7260:Bibcode 7181:3128664 7088:4320890 6994:6475603 6945:7037733 6851:7084447 6800:6214864 6751:7369138 6702:6563457 6638:7073033 6458:6425887 6410:8938131 6262:6472481 6158:2855121 6109:2860622 6017:1414631 5994:Bibcode 5958:7602223 5769:8354300 5674:7566000 5590:1763432 5508:Bibcode 5464:8379952 5433:Bibcode 5397:7510992 5374:Bibcode 5345:10 July 5252:7806732 5174:7967534 5096:9419442 5088:8821346 5045:1300219 4867:5772157 4653:2725064 4526:9661992 4477:8720296 4347:9426996 4298:1951962 4220:7160616 4166:7709159 4026:6778042 3979:8570146 3880:7764106 3770:8966055 3687:8061428 3635:5390937 3489:4969323 3437:7569385 3371:3532551 3296:10 July 3256:8574196 3155:plaques 2898:updated 2695:History 2483:hospice 2469:. 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