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out oxygen for a longer time than cork. These benefits aid in maintaining the wine's overall quality and aging potential. Michel
Laroche of Domaine Laroche noted that this played a role in his decision to adopt screwcaps. "Extensive quality tests show convincing results: apart from protecting against cork taint, screwcaps are also beneficial in the
287:
Zork is an alternative wine closure for still wines, that seals like a screw cap and pops like a cork, created by an
Australian company of the same name. The closure has three parts: an outer cap providing a tamper-evident clamp that locks onto the band of a standard cork mouth bottle; an inner metal
182:
material that threads onto the bottleneck. They are the predominant closure used by
Austrian, Australian and New Zealand wineries. This can be attributed in part to the New Zealand screw cap initiative which promotes the use of screw caps instead of cork. Screw caps form a tighter seal and can keep
117:
compounds designed to look and "pop" like natural cork, but without the risk of TCA contamination. Disadvantages of synthetic corks include a risk of harmful air entering a bottle after as little as 18 months, difficulty in extracting them from the bottle, and difficulty in using the cork to reseal
306:
Although environmentalists lament the loss of cork forests to commercial crops such as eucalyptus, advocates of artificial corks claim that "natural corks" are just "granules and dust bonded with solvents", and no more biodegradable than the artificial product. "Granules and dust bonded with
194:
in the 1970s, when 100 bottles were placed under screwcap for long term observation. The result was, according to Haut-Brion manager Jean-Bernard Delmas, that "it worked perfectly for the first ten years, until the plastic in the caps went brittle and let air in".
296:
There is continuing opposition to the use of alternative closures in some parts of the winemaking industry. In March 2006, the
Spanish government outlawed the use of alternative wine closures in 11 of Spain's wine-producing regions as part of their
233:
presented arguments against reports he described to "represent the science of closures badly, are filled with inaccuracies and misunderstandings, and do not serve the wine industry well", and addressed the inaccuracies in specific points.
527:
Wirth, J.; Caillé, S.; Souquet, J.M.; Samson, A.; Dieval, J.B.; Vidal, S.; Fulcrand, H.; Cheynier, V. (2012). "Impact of post-bottling oxygen exposure on the sensory characteristics and phenolic composition of
Grenache rosé wines".
288:
foil which provides an oxygen barrier similar to a screw cap, and an inner plunger which creates the ‘pop’ on extraction and reseals after use. Introduced in 2010, it is the first on-bottle, resealable closure for sparkling wines.
270:
that prevents oxidation and TCA contamination. A disadvantage of the closure is the relatively high cost of each plug (70 cents each) and cost either of manual bottling, or else obtaining compatible bottling equipment.
206:
which is a grape variety with natural tendencies toward reduction. Furthermore, there is the screwcap's public image, as "consumers still perceive screwcaps as being for 'cheap' wines (regardless of the price tag)".
218:
showed that screw caps closures allowed the lowest amount of oxygen permeation when compared to natural and synthetic corks, offering the highest level of protection against oxidation of the wine.
225:
in
September 2006, it became widely reported in British newspapers that test results show that one in 50 screwcap bottles, 200,000 bottles worldwide, may be affected by the chemical process
266:. Since its introduction into the European market in 2003, over 300 wineries have utilized the closure. Using a glass stopper with an inert o-ring, the closure is claimed to create a
222:
214:
found that nearly 52% of
American consumers and 60% of British consumers reject the idea of using screwcaps for their fine wine. The 2007 Victor Segalen University study in
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is the opposite of oxidation: reduction, which may suppress a wine's aroma and possibly cause unpleasant ones, a problem that particularly affects
911:
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17:
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78:
The closures debate, chiefly between supporters of screw caps and natural corks, has increased the awareness of post-bottling
1733:
152:
Synthetic wine bottle closures may allow for a controlled oxygen transfer rate, which affects the sensory characteristics.
142:
2007:
89:
The cork-industry group APCOR cites a study showing a 0.7–1.2% taint rate. In a 2005 study of 2800 bottles tasted at the
67:. The emergence of these alternatives has grown in response to quality control efforts by winemakers to protect against "
855:"'Put a Cork in It' Says New Spanish Law; Spain's Top Wine Producers Outlaw Alternative Closures in 11 Spanish Regions"
823:
890:
392:"'Just Say No' – To Cork! Don Sebastiani & Sons Announces Plans to Focus Exclusively on Alternative Wine Closures"
995:
582:
307:
solvents" describes "agglomerate corks." These differ from "natural corks" that are one piece made out of cork bark.
765:
732:
711:
82:, and the concept of winemaking has grown to continue after the bottling process, because closures with different
970:
1284:
399:
1451:
422:
513:
462:
1937:
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when compared to natural cork and screw caps, offering the lowest protection against oxidation of the wine.
1942:
141:. There are also methods claimed to combine the two techniques of injection and extrusion. A 2007 study by
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blind-tasting facilities in Napa, California, 7% of the bottles were found to be tainted.
8:
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134:
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showed that injection-molded synthetic corks allowed the highest levels of oxygen
1957:
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Unlike natural corks, many synthetic corks are made from material that is not
2001:
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In a 2004 study of consumer opinions conducted by the wine consulting firm
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1981:
1932:
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1128:
987:
324:
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175:
119:
60:
1314:
708:
133:. There are two main production techniques for synthetic wine closures:
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An often cited contradiction is the case of experiments carried out by
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notes that some can also impart a slight chemical flavour to the wine.
68:
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766:"Why screwtops may not be such a corking way to keep red wine fine"
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A synthetic cork is designed to look and function like natural cork
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may lead to wines that taste different when they reach consumers.
1962:
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839:
Perdue, Andy (Summer 2006). "Glass adds class to Oregon Wine".
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255:
251:
979:
935:
891:"Put a cork in it: the environmental cost of the screw cap"
342:
56:
526:
948:
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A disadvantage of screw caps according to wine expert
314:
187:, particularly preserving the aromatic freshness."
709:Wine Intelligence – Closures: The US Consumer View
1999:
811:
912:New Zealand Screw Cap Initiative official site
250:Vino-Seal, also sold as Vinolok, is a plastic/
221:Following studies by the faults clinic at the
1727:
964:
883:
778:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
745:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
638:
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607:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
435:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
374:"And now for something completely different"
572:
570:
1734:
1720:
971:
957:
645:"Will our grandchildren need a corkscrew?"
623:"The Winery goes out to bat for screwcaps"
557:"Don't get caught without your wine notes"
865:
812:Robinson, Jancis; Harding, Julia (2015).
672:
670:
633:
71:" caused by the presence of the chemical
934:
818:. Oxford University Press. p. 192.
676:
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241:
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165:
102:
39:
31:
1912:Clarification and stabilization of wine
759:
726:
448:
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371:
246:Glass Stopper compared with corkstopper
14:
2000:
917:"The History and Revival of Screwcaps"
838:
667:
554:
503:
469:
1715:
952:
933:
873:"Urging vintners to put a cork in it"
792:
786:
492:
452:
412:
733:"Screwcaps blamed for tainting wine"
443:
406:
283:A bottle of wine sealed with a Zork.
143:Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University
27:Alternative methods for wine closure
24:
583:"Kiwis spread the screwcap gospel"
98:
25:
2019:
996:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
905:
677:Robinson, Jancis (29 June 2006).
643:Robinson, Jancis (11 June 2004).
476:Robinson, Jancis (10 June 2006).
1975:
1683:
793:Goode, Jamie (19 January 2007).
504:Kramer, Matt (31 October 2007).
372:Shriver, Jerry (3 August 2006).
317:
254:closure originally developed by
847:
832:
805:
753:
720:
701:
615:
398:. 9 August 2005. Archived from
1741:
555:Ciampa, Gail (2 August 2006).
548:
542:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.019
520:
453:Laube, James (31 March 2006).
384:
365:
178:" are closures made only from
113:Synthetic corks are made from
13:
1:
1938:Glossary of viticulture terms
358:
291:
155:
1943:Glossary of winemaking terms
815:The Oxford Companion to Wine
512:. p. 36. Archived from
478:"Down with synthetic corks!"
223:International Wine Challenge
7:
310:
10:
2024:
2008:Wine packaging and storage
1863:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
159:
1971:
1953:History of the wine press
1920:
1904:
1876:
1843:Sparkling wine production
1828:
1810:
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1749:
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1450:
1333:
1220:
1208:
1101:
1029:
986:
946:
795:"In defence of screwcaps"
455:"Changing With the Times"
170:Stelvin cap, disassembled
84:oxygen transmission rates
49:Alternative wine closures
18:Alternative wine closures
1948:Wine tasting descriptors
1669:Wine tasting descriptors
1598:Phenolic content in wine
1490:Alternative wine closure
1074:Great French Wine Blight
978:
926:Wine of the Week webzine
63:in place of traditional
1838:Malolactic fermentation
922:6 February 2020 at the
627:South African Wine News
274:
262:crystal glass producer
44:Synthetic wine closures
561:The Providence Journal
300:Denominación de Origen
284:
247:
171:
110:
45:
37:
36:Synthetic wine closure
1639:Wine and food pairing
731:(20 September 2006).
402:on 24 September 2015.
282:
245:
238:Vino-Seal and Vinolok
169:
106:
59:industry for sealing
43:
35:
1290:Muscat of Alexandria
879:. 18 September 2008.
841:Wine Press Northwest
707:APCOR, realcork.org
413:Goode, Jamie, Ph.D.
303:) D.O. regulations.
258:and now produced by
1868:Yeast in winemaking
1820:Carbonic maceration
764:(16 January 2007).
729:The Daily Telegraph
655:on 5 September 2008
1858:Traditional method
1659:Wine personalities
1363:Cabernet Sauvignon
760:Elliott, Valerie,
727:Alleyne, Richard,
714:2008-03-12 at the
683:jancisrobinson.com
649:jancisrobinson.com
482:jancisrobinson.com
415:Wines & Vines
285:
248:
192:Château Haut-Brion
172:
111:
46:
38:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1759:Late harvest wine
1709:
1708:
1446:
1445:
1343:Alicante Bouschet
1091:Judgment of Paris
897:. 22 August 2010.
506:"Seeking Closure"
465:on 14 March 2006.
425:on 10 April 2009.
419:"Finding Closure"
212:Wine Intelligence
135:injection molding
16:(Redirected from
2015:
1980:
1979:
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1603:Proteins in wine
1270:Grüner Veltliner
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861:. 27 March 2006.
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651:. Archived from
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585:. Archived from
577:Lechmere, Adam,
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545:
536:(4): 1861–1871.
524:
518:
517:
516:on 19 July 2008.
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489:
488:on 28 July 2006.
484:. Archived from
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461:. Archived from
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421:. Archived from
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162:Screw cap (wine)
73:trichloroanisole
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1310:Sauvignon blanc
1245:Cayetana blanca
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1211:grape varieties
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629:. 26 July 2006.
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200:Jancis Robinson
174:Screw caps or "
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99:Synthetic corks
51:are substitute
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799:wineanorak.com
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689:on 5 July 2010
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80:wine chemistry
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348:Cork material
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268:hermetic seal
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185:aging of wine
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131:biodegradable
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66:
65:cork closures
62:
58:
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50:
42:
34:
30:
19:
1973:
1830:Fermentation
1681:
1664:Wine tasting
1489:
1285:Muscat blanc
1255:Chenin blanc
1052:Ancient Rome
895:The Guardian
894:
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691:. Retrieved
687:the original
682:
657:. Retrieved
653:the original
648:
626:
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591:. Retrieved
587:the original
579:Decanter.com
578:
560:
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514:the original
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486:the original
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367:
305:
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249:
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176:Stelvin caps
173:
151:
128:
123:
112:
107:
90:
88:
77:
61:wine bottles
55:used in the
48:
47:
29:
1933:Wine bottle
1905:Other steps
1896:Wine cellar
1853:Süssreserve
1545:Wine cellar
1535:Wine bottle
1476:accessories
1474:Packaging,
1433:Tempranillo
1062:Noah's wine
1042:Phoenicians
988:Viticulture
679:"Zork talk"
325:Wine portal
231:Jamie Goode
120:James Laube
1812:Maceration
1802:Wine press
1792:Destemming
1743:Winemaking
1649:Wine fraud
1644:Wine fault
1629:Oenophilia
1565:Wine label
1560:Wine glass
1525:Port tongs
1423:Sangiovese
1418:Pinot noir
1378:Douce noir
1305:Rkatsiteli
1250:Chardonnay
1240:Catarratto
1214:by acreage
1188:Biodynamic
1151:Aromatized
940:winemaking
693:2 December
659:2 December
593:2 December
359:References
292:Opposition
156:Screw caps
147:permeation
118:the wine.
69:cork taint
1764:Noble rot
1654:Winemaker
1634:Sommelier
1570:Wine rack
1550:Wine cork
1540:Wine cave
1530:Screw cap
1500:Corkscrew
1465:New World
1460:Old World
1438:Zinfandel
1413:Mourvèdre
1320:Trebbiano
1260:Colombard
1161:Noble rot
1141:Fortified
1119:Sparkling
1086:New World
774:cite news
768:. London.
762:The Times
378:USA Today
333:Wine cork
180:aluminium
139:extrusion
2002:Category
1779:Pressing
1701:Glossary
1617:Industry
1510:Jug wine
1505:Decanter
1495:Box wine
1393:Isabella
1388:Grenache
1368:Carignan
1315:Sémillon
1300:Riesling
1295:Palomino
1038:Ancient
1021:Vineyard
1016:Veraison
1001:Oenology
920:Archived
877:BBC News
741:cite web
712:Archived
603:cite web
431:cite web
338:Box wine
311:See also
264:Preciosa
216:Bordeaux
53:closures
1963:Terroir
1921:Related
1769:Vintage
1751:Harvest
1696:Outline
1520:Muselet
1482:storage
1373:Cinsaut
1348:Barbera
1275:Macabeo
1235:Aligoté
1193:Organic
1183:Natural
1136:Dessert
1081:Georgia
1031:History
1011:Terroir
1006:Species
115:plastic
75:(TCA).
1928:Winery
1891:Solera
1515:Kvevri
1403:Merlot
1398:Malbec
1198:Kosher
1174:Other
1129:Orange
1102:Styles
1069:France
822:
1878:Aging
1428:Syrah
1383:Gamay
1353:Bobal
1265:Glera
1230:Airén
1222:White
1178:Table
1166:Straw
1156:Fruit
1114:White
1057:China
936:Wines
260:Czech
256:Alcoa
252:glass
1480:and
1209:Top
1124:Rosé
980:Wine
938:and
820:ISBN
780:link
747:link
695:2008
661:2008
609:link
595:2008
437:link
343:Bung
275:Zork
137:and
57:wine
1886:Oak
1335:Red
1146:Ice
1109:Red
538:doi
534:132
122:of
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