611:
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is a complex mixture of chemical compounds in a hydro-alcoholic solution with a pH around 4. The chemistry of wine and its resultant quality depend on achieving a balance between three aspects of the berries used to make the wine: their sugar content, acidity and the presence of secondary compounds.
58:
disrupts long-established patterns of temperature and precipitation in wine-growing regions and causes more extreme weather events, the rate at which sugars, acids and secondary compounds develop during the growing season can be disrupted. Hotter temperatures and an earlier growing season can push
817:
Using LC-MSMS To Assess
Glutathione Levels in South African White Grape Juices and Wines Made with Different Levels of Oxygen. Wessel Johannes Du Toit, Klemen Lisjak, Maria Stander and Dersiree Prevoo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, Vol. 55, No. 8,
505:, and leading to wine spoilage. Many of the compounds that cause wine faults are already naturally present in wine but at insufficient concentrations to adversely affect it. However, when the concentration of these compounds greatly exceeds the
834:
Straightforward Method To
Quantify GSH, GSSG, GRP, and Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Wines by UPLC-MRM-MS. Anna VallverdĂș-Queralt, Arnaud Verbaere, Emmanuelle Meudec, Veronique Cheynier and Nicolas Sommerer, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2015, 63, 142â149,
852:
GĂŒnata, Ziya; Wirth, JĂ©rĂ©mie L.; Guo, Wenfei; Baumes, Raymond L. (2001). "C13-Norisoprenoid
Aglycon Composition of Leaves and Grape Berries from Muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz Cultivars". In Winterhalter, Peter; Rouseff, Russell L. (eds.).
1024:
Lamont, Kim T.; Somers, Sarin; Lacerda, Lydia; Opie, Lionel H.; Lecour, Sandrine (2011). "Is red wine a SAFE sip away from cardioprotection? Mechanisms involved in resveratrol- and melatonin-induced cardioprotection".
798:
Inhibition of the decline of linalool and α-terpineol in muscat wines by glutathione and N-acetyl-cysteine. Papadopoulou D. and
Roussis I. G., Italian journal of food science, 2001, vol. 13, no4, pages 413-419,
517:
that the wine should be expressing (or that the winemaker wants the wine to express). Ultimately the quality of the wine is reduced, making it less appealing and sometimes undrinkable.
925:
Zelena, Kateryna; Hardebusch, Björn; HĂŒlsdau, BĂ€Rbel; Berger, Ralf G.; Zorn, Holger (2009). "Generation of
Norisoprenoid Flavors from Carotenoids by Fungal Peroxidases".
960:
Cabaroglu, Turgut; Selli, Serkan; Canbas, Ahmet; Lepoutre, Jean-Paul; GĂŒnata, Ziya (2003). "Wine flavor enhancement through the use of exogenous fungal glycosidases".
161:
is the most common ester in wine, being the product of the most common volatile organic acid â acetic acid, and the ethyl alcohol generated during the fermentation.
1964:
800:
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Environmental factors such as soil, rainfall and fog affect flavor in ways that can be described collectively as "character" or the French term â
786:
1179:
1112:, chapter 3.26 â Chemistry of Wine, volume 3, pages 1119â1172. VĂ©ronique Cheynier, RĂ©mi Schneider, Jean-Michel Salmon and HĂ©lĂšne Fulcrand,
2478:
2048:
2030:
1380:
769:
Monoterpenes in grape juice and wines. M. Jiménez, Journal of
Chromatography A, Volume 881, Issues 1â2, 9 June 2000, Pages 557â567,
676:
2869:
1421:
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2018:
1537:
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Terpenes in the aroma of grapes and wines: A review. J. Marais, S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 1983, volume 4, number 2, pages 49-58 (
1900:
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1959:
1571:
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1074:
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1952:
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557:. 4-Ethylphenol causes a wine fault at a concentration of greater than 140 ÎŒg/L. Other compounds produced by
2128:
1608:
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1395:
59:
chemistry of berries towards higher sugar content, less acids and differences in aromas. Other factors such as
2793:
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are a mixture of several alcohols (chiefly amyl alcohol) produced as a by-product of alcoholic fermentation.
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35:, and acids break down as grapes ripen. Secondary compounds are also stored in the course of the season.
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1069:"The University Wine Course" Third Edition pgs 37-39, 69-80, 134-140 The Wine Appreciation Guild 2009
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add bitterness and astringency which acts to defend vines against pests and grazing animals.
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888:"Volatile C13-Norisoprenoid Compounds in Riesling Wine Are Generated From Multiple Precursors"
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989:"Incidence de la gomme arabique sur l'astringence des vins et leurs stabilites colloidales"
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A wine fault or defect is an unpleasant characteristic of a wine often resulting from poor
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List of additives permitted for use in the production of wine under
European Union law:
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2013:
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1133:, by M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas, Carmen Polo and MarĂa Carmen Polo, on Google books
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202:
169:
91:
55:
32:
23:
280 nm 45 min LC chromatogram of a red wine, showing mainly phenolic compounds.
2708:
689:
128:
63:
from fires can negatively impact chemistry and flavor, resulting in flaws and
2959:
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2889:
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La Chimie des vins : les vins naturels, les vins manipulés et falsifiés
991:[Effect of gum arabic on wine astringency and colloidal stability].
2894:
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459:
36:
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2040:
1933:
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Brettanomyces
Monitoring by Analysis of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol
616:
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40:
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1157:
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19:
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124:
101:
553:. 4-Vinylphenol is further reduced to 4-ethylphenol by the enzyme
2939:
2934:
2847:
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2624:
2230:
1788:
1347:
590:
51:
44:
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987:
Vivas N, Vivas de
Gaulejac N, Nonier M.F and Nedjma M (2001).
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2436:
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70:
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Villamor, Remedios R.; Ross, Carolyn F. (28 February 2013).
467:, a degradation product of malvidin under acidic conditions
174:
27:
1110:
Comprehensive
Natural Products II â Chemistry and Biology
886:
P. Winterhalter, M. A. Sefton and P. J. Williams (1990).
1965:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
1141:, by Riccardo Flamini and Pietro Traldi, on Google books
718:"Wine Matrix Compounds Affect Perception of Wine Aromas"
1023:
1061:
1218:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
857:. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 802. p. 255.
851:
606:
1889:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
677:"Climate change is altering the chemistry of wine"
1894:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
1299:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
530:when growing in wine, some of which are volatile
2957:
185:
2276:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
675:Chrobak, Ula; Zimmer, Katarina (22 June 2022).
39:give grapes a red color and protection against
2863:
2583:
1173:
1139:Mass Spectrometry in Grape and Wine Chemistry
674:
167:, such as C13-norisoprenoids found in grape (
1838:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
1009:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
722:Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
715:
221:has been used in the past as fining agent.
177:, can be produced by fungal peroxidases or
2870:
2856:
2590:
2576:
2479:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
2049:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
1180:
1166:
927:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
711:
709:
707:
579:, enabling the positive identification of
71:Types of natural molecules present in wine
1381:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
688:
670:
668:
666:
664:
489:, the chemical primarily responsible for
481:
67:that can make the wines undrinkable.
18:
2768:Clarification and stabilization of wine
2019:Legal drinking age in the United States
704:
2958:
1187:
661:
2851:
2571:
2002:List of dry communities by U.S. state
1161:
589:is a by-product of the metabolism of
209:), a preservative often added to wine
1515:List of methanol poisoning incidents
31:Vines store sugar in grapes through
2236:Alcohol consumption recommendations
2161:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
13:
2877:
1960:Alcohol packaging warning messages
1572:Alcohol use among college students
1234:Drunk driving in the United States
855:Carotenoid-Derived Aroma Compounds
734:10.1146/annurev-food-030212-182707
432:potassium metabisulphite/disulfite
14:
2977:
2519:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2499:Index of alcohol-related articles
1942:Administrative License Suspension
1123:
341:rectified concentrated grape must
2831:
2552:
2551:
1953:Alcoholic beverage control state
1749:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
1118:10.1016/B978-008045382-8.00088-5
1039:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00853.x
609:
284:polyvinyl-polypyrrolidone (PVPP)
213:
190:
1562:Alcohol in association football
1131:Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry
1080:
1017:
980:
962:Enzyme and Microbial Technology
953:
918:
561:that cause wine faults include
2930:"Minerals" (Chemical elements)
2597:
1774:List of deaths through alcohol
1592:Epidemiology of binge drinking
1396:Subjective response to alcohol
879:
845:
828:
811:
792:
779:
763:
509:, they replace or obscure the
471:
1:
2794:Glossary of viticulture terms
2259:Sweat alcohol content monitor
1294:Alcoholism in rural Australia
1103:
974:10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00179-0
775:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01342-4
186:Other molecules found in wine
2799:Glossary of winemaking terms
2182:Adult Children of Alcoholics
1970:Drunk driving law by country
1386:Long-term effects of alcohol
1304:Disease theory of alcoholism
1289:Alcoholism in family systems
1279:Alcohol and Native Americans
993:Progres Agricole et Viticole
230:Type or purpose of addition
140:
7:
1909:International whisk(e)y day
1223:Driving under the influence
602:
428:dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC)
10:
2982:
2719:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
2425:Christian views on alcohol
2031:List of alcohol laws of US
1309:High-functioning alcoholic
1027:Journal of Pineal Research
904:10.5344/ajev.1990.41.4.277
863:10.1021/bk-2002-0802.ch018
475:
379:yeasts for wine production
302:neutral potassium tartrate
199:is used during wine making
144:
97:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
82:Phenolic compounds in wine
2885:
2827:
2809:History of the wine press
2776:
2760:
2732:
2699:Sparkling wine production
2684:
2666:
2633:
2605:
2547:
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2445:
2415:
2339:
2324:Alcoholic spirits measure
2309:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
2223:
2067:
2039:
1990:Ignition interlock device
1932:
1923:
1879:Drunken monkey hypothesis
1812:
1741:
1712:Routes of administration
1493:
1404:
1373:
1341:Alcohol congener analysis
1323:
1284:Alcoholism in adolescence
1269:
1206:
1195:
690:10.1146/knowable-062222-1
448:
418:Preservatives sorbic acid
2804:Wine tasting descriptors
654:
268:proteins of plant origin
2694:Malolactic fermentation
2504:Alcohol and spaceflight
2246:Alcohol server training
2119:Managed alcohol program
1697:Binge drinking devices
1391:Pharmacology of ethanol
551:cinnamate decarboxylase
338:concentrated grape must
2109:Alcohol rehabilitation
2077:Alcohol detoxification
1980:Field sobriety testing
1865:Health effects of wine
1833:International Beer Day
1597:Holiday heart syndrome
575:is sometimes added to
555:vinyl phenol reductase
494:
487:2,4,6-trichloroanisole
398:potassium ferrocyanide
375:thiamine hydrochloride
136:(reduced and oxidized)
24:
2910:Essential fatty acids
2361:Disulfiram-like drugs
1901:Ritual use of alcohol
1870:Wine and food pairing
1855:Apéritif and digestif
1506:Adulterated moonshine
1353:Blood alcohol content
1315:Seeing pink elephants
577:microbiological media
526:produces an array of
485:
304:potassium bicarbonate
270:ovalbumin (egg white)
22:
2430:Alcohol in the Bible
2417:Religion and alcohol
2383:General anaesthetics
2176:Alcoholics Anonymous
2134:List of mixed drinks
1587:Alcohol intoxication
1502:Adulterated alcohol
434:allyl isothiocyanate
426:potassium bisulphite
414:potassium bitartrate
381:diammonium phosphate
233:Permitted additives
2724:Yeast in winemaking
2676:Carbonic maceration
2509:Gateway drug effect
2295:Low-alcohol drinks
2124:Non-alcoholic drink
2059:Temperance movement
2041:Alcohol prohibition
1764:Gilbert Paul Jordan
1754:Dionysian Mysteries
1538:on college campuses
1533:Alcohol advertising
1251:Public intoxication
640:Premature oxidation
416:yeast mannoproteins
373:ammonium bisulphite
264:acacia (gum arabic)
254:potassium caseinate
2714:Traditional method
2341:Addiction medicine
2284:Get Your Sexy Back
2224:Alcohol limitation
2200:Sober living house
2166:Twelve-step groups
2099:Brief intervention
2092:Open-container law
2054:Neo-prohibitionism
2014:Legal drinking age
1820:Alcoholic beverage
1721:Alcohol inhalation
1636:Drinking in public
1614:Blackout Wednesday
1472:Beverage-specific
1189:Alcohol and health
1146:Antoine de Saporta
1092:2008-02-19 at the
892:Am. J. Enol. Vitic
645:Congener (alcohol)
503:storage conditions
495:
288:activated charcoal
252:potassium alginate
25:
2953:
2952:
2845:
2844:
2615:Late harvest wine
2565:
2564:
2487:
2486:
2437:Islam and alcohol
2371:Calcium carbimide
2241:Alcohol education
2129:List of cocktails
2104:Designated driver
2082:Alcohol-free zone
1985:Hip flask defence
1919:
1918:
1860:Hangover remedies
1804:Whiskey Rebellion
1794:Six o'clock swill
1582:Austrian syndrome
1521:Surrogate alcohol
1511:Denatured alcohol
1483:Red wine headache
939:10.1021/jf901438m
841:10.1021/jf504383g
824:10.1021/jf062804p
681:Knowable Magazine
507:sensory threshold
446:
445:
438:potassium sorbate
385:ammonium sulphite
383:ammonium sulphate
327:metatartaric acid
306:calcium carbonate
272:alumino silicates
16:Chemistry of wine
2973:
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2354:Chlordiazepoxide
2304:Low-alcohol beer
1948:Alcohol monopoly
1930:
1929:
1850:Drinking culture
1843:Women in brewing
1726:Vodka eyeballing
1693:Passive drinking
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411:calcium tartrate
377:yeast cell walls
296:Deacidification
266:milk/lactalbumin
249:calcium alginate
227:
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153:Methoxypyrazines
87:Proteins in wine
2981:
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2814:History of wine
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2643:Deacidification
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2524:Self-medication
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2349:Benzodiazepines
2335:
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2205:Sobering center
2190:Sober companion
2171:Al-Anon/Alateen
2063:
2035:
1925:
1915:
1808:
1737:
1677:In vino veritas
1671:Hair of the dog
1489:
1405:Adverse effects
1400:
1369:
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1209:
1208:Alcohol-related
1199:
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1094:Wayback Machine
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563:4-ethylguaiacol
549:via the enzyme
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299:lactic bacteria
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274:ferrous sulfate
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262:edible gelatine
261:
260:silicon dioxide
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2704:Sugars in wine
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2653:Chaptalization
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2639:
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2628:
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2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2603:
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2595:
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2587:
2580:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2539:French paradox
2536:
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2516:
2511:
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2433:
2432:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2395:Sulfonic acids
2392:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2343:
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2336:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2329:Standard drink
2326:
2318:
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2311:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2291:Liquor license
2288:
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2256:
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2197:
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2179:
2173:
2163:
2158:
2156:Temperance bar
2153:
2148:
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2141:
2136:
2131:
2121:
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2111:
2106:
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2011:
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1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1577:Binge drinking
1574:
1569:
1567:Alcohol powder
1564:
1559:
1557:Alcohol myopia
1554:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1541:
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1524:
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1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1365:Wine chemistry
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1331:Beer chemistry
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
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1296:
1291:
1286:
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1214:
1212:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1135:
1125:
1124:External links
1122:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:at etslabs.com
1079:
1060:
1016:
979:
952:
933:(21): 9951â5.
917:
898:(4): 277â283.
878:
871:
844:
827:
810:
791:
778:
762:
703:
659:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:
642:
637:
635:Food chemistry
632:
630:Beer chemistry
627:
625:Alcohol (drug)
621:
620:
604:
601:
597:Fusel alcohols
543:-coumaric acid
476:Main article:
473:
470:
469:
468:
465:Anthocyanone A
462:
457:
450:
447:
444:
443:
430:carbon dioxide
409:
408:Stabilisation
405:
404:
393:
389:
388:
368:
364:
363:
354:
350:
349:
336:
332:
331:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
297:
293:
292:
282:
278:
277:
247:
246:Clarification
243:
242:
241:tartaric acid
239:
238:Acidification
235:
234:
231:
215:
212:
211:
210:
206:
203:Sulfur dioxide
200:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
182:
170:Vitis vinifera
165:Norisoprenoids
162:
155:
145:Main article:
142:
139:
138:
137:
131:
121:sesquiterpenes
114:
110:
104:
99:
94:
92:Sugars in wine
89:
84:
79:
72:
69:
56:climate change
33:photosynthesis
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2978:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:Fortification
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Carbohydrates
2893:
2891:
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2880:
2873:
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2540:
2537:
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2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Mood disorder
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
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2490:
2480:
2477:
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2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2388:Nitrous oxide
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
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2319:
2315:
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2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:Fermented tea
2297:
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2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Sober curious
2193:
2191:
2188:
2183:
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2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
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2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2010:
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1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Ladies' night
1882:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
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1815:
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1797:
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1787:
1785:
1784:Rum Rebellion
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
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1750:
1747:
1746:
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1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:Alcohol enema
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:Flaming drink
1664:
1662:
1661:Dutch courage
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Drunk walking
1644:
1642:
1641:Drunk dialing
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:Drinking game
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
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1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Alcohol abuse
1526:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1495:Social issues
1492:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:breast cancer
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Fusel alcohol
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:Drunk driving
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1075:0-932664-69-5
1072:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:(4): 374â80.
1032:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1006:
999:(8): 175â176.
998:
995:(in French).
994:
990:
983:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
874:
872:0-8412-3729-8
868:
864:
860:
856:
848:
842:
838:
831:
825:
821:
814:
808:
802:
795:
788:
782:
776:
772:
766:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
712:
710:
708:
691:
686:
682:
678:
671:
669:
667:
665:
660:
650:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
618:
612:
607:
600:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
582:
581:Brettanomyces
578:
574:
573:Coumaric acid
570:
568:
564:
560:
559:Brettanomyces
556:
552:
548:
547:4-vinylphenol
544:
542:
537:
536:Brettanomyces
533:
529:
525:
524:
523:Brettanomyces
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:practices or
500:
492:
488:
484:
479:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
442:
440:ascorbic acid
410:
407:
406:
403:
394:
392:Sequestrants
391:
390:
387:
369:
367:Fermentation
366:
365:
362:
356:betaglucanase
355:
352:
351:
348:
337:
334:
333:
330:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
308:
298:
295:
294:
291:
289:
283:
281:Decolourants
280:
279:
276:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
236:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
220:
214:Fining agents
204:
201:
198:
197:Ascorbic acid
195:
194:
191:Preservatives
180:
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
160:
159:Ethyl acetate
156:
154:
151:
150:
148:
147:Aroma of wine
135:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
108:
107:Dissolved gas
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
77:Acids in wine
75:
74:
68:
66:
62:
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
21:
2829:
2686:Fermentation
2474:Gin Act 1751
2464:Bratt System
2457:
2453:
2320:Measurement
2254:Breathalyzer
2024:Shoulder tap
1676:
1550:Beer goggles
1364:
1153:Google Books
1148:
1138:
1130:
1109:
1082:
1068:
1063:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1005:cite journal
996:
992:
982:
965:
961:
955:
930:
926:
920:
895:
891:
881:
854:
847:
830:
813:
794:
781:
765:
753:. Retrieved
725:
721:
694:. Retrieved
680:
595:
585:
580:
571:
558:
540:
535:
521:
519:
496:
460:Wine lactone
413:
402:citric acid
397:
372:
358:
340:
326:
321:Elaboration
301:
286:
251:
223:
217:
179:glycosidases
168:
117:Monoterpenes
49:
37:Anthocyanins
26:
2789:Wine bottle
2761:Other steps
2752:Wine cellar
2709:SĂŒssreserve
2454:Beer Street
2405:Homotaurine
2400:Acamprosate
2271:Dry January
2250:Monitoring
2151:Teetotalism
2144:Malt drinks
1934:Alcohol law
1706:Yard of ale
1651:Drunkorexia
1463:intolerance
1256:Rum-running
728:(1): 1â20.
617:Wine portal
534:compounds.
528:metabolites
472:Wine faults
359:pectolytics
335:Enrichment
134:Glutathione
129:α-terpineol
65:wine faults
61:smoke taint
41:ultraviolet
2668:Maceration
2658:Wine press
2648:Destemming
2599:Winemaking
2534:Town drunk
2366:Disulfiram
2314:Small beer
2280:Campaigns
2114:Drunk tank
2087:Dry campus
1997:Dry county
1779:Rum ration
1759:Dipsomania
1688:Pantsdrunk
1481:Red wine:
1271:Alcoholism
1261:Wine fraud
1104:References
968:(5): 581.
649:tryptophol
647:, such as
583:by smell.
520:The yeast
499:winemaking
491:cork taint
478:Wine fault
395:fresh lees
370:fresh lees
343:saccharose
313:Deodorant
219:Gum arabic
2890:Additives
2620:Noble rot
2469:Dry state
2376:Cyanamide
2210:Sobrietol
2009:Last call
1975:DWI court
1828:Beer mile
1799:Speakeasy
1769:Gin Craze
1701:Beer bong
1656:Dry drunk
1629:Pregaming
1477:Potomania
1459:Tolerance
1449:Pregnancy
1324:Chemistry
1246:Nip joint
1241:Moonshine
1067:M. Baldy
912:101007887
742:1941-1413
538:converts
493:in wines.
455:Melatonin
324:oak chips
258:isinglass
141:Volatiles
2960:Category
2940:Vitamins
2935:Proteins
2900:Coloring
2635:Pressing
2557:Category
2458:Gin Lane
2215:Quit lit
2139:Spritzer
2069:Sobriety
1924:Alcohol
1905:Whiskey
1733:Sconcing
1683:Nightcap
1609:Blackout
1439:Cortisol
1336:Congener
1151:(1889).
1090:Archived
1047:21342247
947:19817422
807:13441184
750:23464569
603:See also
587:Geraniol
532:phenolic
436:lysozyme
424:nitrogen
353:Enzymes
157:Esters:
125:linalool
123:such as
102:Minerals
43:light.
2915:Flavors
2905:Enzymes
2819:Terroir
2777:Related
2625:Vintage
2607:Harvest
2492:Related
2446:History
2231:0-0-1-3
1926:control
1813:General
1789:Shebeen
1742:History
1412:Anxiety
1374:Effects
1348:Ethanol
1197:Alcohol
1055:8034935
787:article
755:11 July
696:11 July
591:sorbate
511:flavors
361:urease
347:oxygen
52:terroir
45:Tannins
2925:Lipids
2784:Winery
2747:Solera
2266:FRAMES
1475:Beer:
1468:Weight
1444:Memory
1427:Cancer
1210:crimes
1073:
1053:
1045:
945:
910:
869:
804:
748:
740:
515:aromas
449:Others
345:tannin
329:water
256:casein
54:â. As
2945:Water
2734:Aging
2529:Spins
2184:(ACA)
2178:(AA):
1944:(ALS)
1824:Beer
1602:Zapoy
1454:Sleep
1422:Brain
1417:Aging
1311:(HFA)
1225:(DUI)
1051:S2CID
908:S2CID
801:INIST
655:Notes
422:argon
173:) or
2456:and
1624:list
1071:ISBN
1043:PMID
1011:link
943:PMID
867:ISBN
757:2022
746:PMID
738:ISSN
698:2022
565:and
513:and
175:wine
127:and
119:and
28:Wine
2742:Oak
1545:Sex
1200:use
1114:doi
1035:doi
997:118
970:doi
935:doi
900:doi
859:doi
837:doi
820:doi
771:doi
730:doi
685:doi
545:to
205:(SO
109:(CO
2962::
1049:.
1041:.
1031:50
1029:.
1007:}}
1003:{{
966:33
964:.
941:.
931:57
929:.
906:.
896:41
894:.
890:.
865:.
744:.
736:.
724:.
720:.
706:^
683:.
679:.
663:^
593:.
569:.
2871:e
2864:t
2857:v
2591:e
2584:t
2577:v
1517:)
1513:(
1461:/
1181:e
1174:t
1167:v
1116::
1057:.
1037::
1013:)
976:.
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937::
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902::
875:.
861::
839::
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773::
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732::
726:4
700:.
687::
541:p
207:2
181:.
113:)
111:2
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